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of Nito Alves, called
Nitistas, from SĂŁo Paulo prison on 27 May. The Nitistas then took control of the palace and the radio station in Luanda, announcing their coup. Cuban forces loyal to Neto retook the palace, radio station and the barracks of the 8th Brigade. The MPLA government arrested tens of thousands of suspected Nitistas from May to November, including Van-Dunem who was executed. Thousands of Nitistas were executed by Cuban and MPLA troops in the purge.
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on 21 May 1977 before a meeting of the MPLA's
Central Committee but this was cancelled after the location of the meeting was changed. The Central Committee accused Alves of factionalism and voted to dismiss Alves and Van-Dunem. In support of Alves, the FAPLA 8th Brigade freed more than 150 supporters
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A major effort was made in the field of adult education and literacy, particularly in urban centres. In 1986, the number of primary school students exceeded one and a half million, and nearly half a million adults learned to read and write. The language of instruction remained mainly
Portuguese, but
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During the independence war, the three pro-independent groups sometimes fought each other, in addition to the
Portuguese. Following the Alvor Accords, the relationship between these groups deteriorated further. In July 1975, the MPLA violently forced the FNLA out of Luanda, while UNITA voluntarily
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on 29â30 September. Dos Santos officially received 49.57% of the vote and
Savimbi won 40.6%. A second round of voting was required since no candidate had received more than 50%. UNITA and the other opposition parties and some election observers, said the election hadn't been fair. On 31 October
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guerrillas who were fighting for
Namibian independence from South Africa. They would also launch operations in support of UNITA guerrillas while Cuban forces remained in Angola in support of government military operations. In January 1984, an agreement was negotiated. South Africa obtained from
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The Cuban intervention, which would eventually number 18,000, was key in securing the MPLA's positions and repelling the advances of FNLA and UNITA. South Africa began withdrawing its troops in
January 1976. The MPLA, with Cuban help, consolidated power over the whole country capturing all of
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in support of both the FNLA and UNITA. They quickly captured five provincial capitals from the MPLA. Zaire also intervened from the north against the MPLA in support of the FNLA. At the start of
November, Cuba sent 4,000 soldiers in support of the MPLA as part of
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Angola's provincial capitals, including Huambo on 8 February. Without South
African support, UNITA was weakened and withdrew into the bush to fight a guerrilla war where they continued to be supplied by South Africa and the United States.
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The
Angolan government manged its oil windfall effectively. The trade balance remained profitable and external debt was kept within reasonable limits. In 1985, debt service amounted to $ 324 million, or about 15% of exports.
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Angola a promise to withdraw its support for the SWAPO in exchange for the evacuation of all South African troops from Angola, however South Africa continued to launch raids into Angola.
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experiments were tried to introduce the study of local African languages from the first years of schooling. Relations between the churches and the ruling party remained relatively calm.
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Fernando Andresen GuimarĂĄes, The Origins of the Angolan Civil War : Foreign Intervention and Domestic Political Conflict, Basingstoke & Londres, Houndsmills, 1998.
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796:. FLEC declared the independence of the Republic of Cabinda. The FNLA and UNITA forged an alliance on 23 November 1975, proclaiming their own coalition government, the
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withdrew to its stronghold in the south. By August, the MPLA had conquered 11 of the 15 provincial capitals, including the capital city
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1331:"Agreement among the People's Republic of Angola, the Republic of Cuba, and the Republic of South Africa (Tripartite Agreement)"
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in October 1975. The agreement also called for the integration of the Angolan parties into a new unified Angolan military.
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who was killed. Thousands of UNITA and FNLA voters were massacred across the country by the MPLA in what is known as the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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The Fate of Africa: From the Hopes of Freedom to the Heart of Despair, a History of Fifty Years of Independence
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state. In response, UNITA declared Angolan independence as the Social Democratic Republic of Angola in
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Factionalism within the MPLA became a major challenge to Neto's power by late 1975. Interior minister
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in Angola. In 1992, the People's Republic of Angola was constitutionally succeeded by the
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government troops in Luanda attacked UNITA supporters, including Vice President of UNITA
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The Cuban Intervention in Angola, 1965â1991: From Che Guevara to Cuito Cuanavale
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1109:. EBSCO ebook academic collection. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 271.
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696:(FNLA), based in neighbouring countries, launched a guerrilla campaign against
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M1 Historical Dictionary of Angola by W. Martin James, Susan Herlin Broadhead
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Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation
708:(UNITA) joined the struggle for independence against Portugal. The MPLA was
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959:. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1997. pp. 115â116.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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In 1991, the MPLA and UNITA signed the peace agreement known as the
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The Post-war Angola: Public Sphere, Political Regime and Democracy
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Crocker, Chester A.; Hampson, Fen Osler; Aall, Pamela R. (2005).
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from its independence in 1975 until 25 August 1992, during the
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1171:"Involvement in the Angolan Civil War, Zaire: A Country Study"
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Grasping The Nettle: Analyzing Cases Of Intractable Conflict
1063:, New York City: Dodd, Mead & Company, pp. 281, 284â287.
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and elections were held. Angola held the first round of its
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Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe
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1235:"The orphans of Angola's secret massacre seek the truth"
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Kenya Today: Breaking the Yoke of Colonialism in Africa
728:. On 15 January 1975 the different parties signed the
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a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article.
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In the Name of the People: Angola's Forgotten Massacre
1346:"The World; Exit Savimbi, and the Cold War in Africa"
62:
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National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
153:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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755:Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda
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2402:Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union
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3183:Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria
690:People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
87:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
4017:States and territories disestablished in 1992
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984:Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction
99:{{Translated|pt|RepĂșblica Popular de Angola}}
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1012:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1141:The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State
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213:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Self-declared socialist state (1975â1992)
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1145:. University of Wisconsin Pres. p.
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2807:Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation
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1309:. London: Pluto Press. pp. 32â38.
1137:Young, Crawford; Thomas Turner (1985).
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2427:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
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798:Democratic People's Republic of Angola
753:, which was claimed by the separatist
452:Fernando JosĂ© de França Dias Van-DĂșnem
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2837:Initiative for Peace and Human Rights
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1446:
1385:"Chevron oil and the Savimbi problem"
1177:from the original on 11 February 2017
1173:. United States Library of Congress.
1102:
1307:Death of Dignity: Angola's Civil War
1081:
765:, with 2,000 soldiers crossing from
151:adding citations to reliable sources
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18:
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1369:National Society for Human Rights,
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694:National Liberation Front of Angola
13:
1344:French, Howard W. (3 March 2002).
14:
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2334:Eastern Bloc media and propaganda
2319:Criticism of communist party rule
1383:Lucier, James P (29 April 2002).
919:
4007:1992 disestablishments in Africa
3380:Human rights in the Soviet Union
2339:Emigration from the Eastern Bloc
1391:from the original on 27 May 2008
1373:, Windhoek, Namibia, 3 July 2000
1245:from the original on 9 July 2021
1059:Bourne, Peter G. (1986), Fidel:
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3218:Fall of the inner German border
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512:Abolition of Marxist government
138:needs additional citations for
3278:Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact
2417:Terrorism and the Soviet Union
1971:Azerbaijan People's Government
1264:Pawson, Lara (30 April 2014).
1130:
1053:
1020:
931:DiĂĄrio da RepĂșblica EletrĂłnico
800:, based in Huambo with FLNA's
678:War of Independence, 1961â1975
97:You may also add the template
1:
4002:1975 establishments in Angola
3298:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
2897:Inter-regional Deputies Group
2882:National League for Democracy
955:Rothchild, Donald S. (1997).
912:
162:"People's Republic of Angola"
3208:Alexanderplatz demonstration
3173:Polish Round Table Agreement
2847:People's Movement of Ukraine
891:
7:
3253:January Events in Lithuania
3188:Hungarian Round Table Talks
2827:Democratic Party of Albania
2011:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad
1371:Ending the Angolan Conflict
1305:Brittain, Victoria (1998).
1061:A Biography of Fidel Castro
900:
734:National Assembly of Angola
724:regime in 1974 through the
702:Overseas Province of Angola
684:Angolan War of Independence
655:RepĂșblica Popular de Angola
647:People's Republic of Angola
596:Overseas Province of Angola
235:RepĂșblica Popular de Angola
231:People's Republic of Angola
10:
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4027:Former socialist republics
2907:Hungarian Democratic Forum
2902:Alliance of Free Democrats
2892:Union of Democratic Forces
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868:1992 presidential election
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61:Machine translation, like
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1073:Mwaura, Ndirangu (2005).
1035:. PublicAffairs. p.
1027:Meredith, Martin (2005).
841:Battle of Cuito Cuanavale
700:, in what was called the
698:Portuguese rule in Angola
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3258:January Events in Latvia
3248:Reunification of Germany
3233:1990s post-Soviet aliyah
3163:1987â1989 Tibetan unrest
2887:National Salvation Front
2872:Belarusian Popular Front
2862:Popular Front of Estonia
2631:Polish underground press
2392:List of socialist states
749:, and also the oil rich
657:) was the self-declared
3334:Economic liberalization
3273:1991 Belarusian strikes
3213:Fall of the Berlin Wall
2867:Public Against Violence
2857:Popular Front of Latvia
2636:Political demonstration
2485:Chinese economic reform
2397:People Power Revolution
2021:North Korea (1947â1948)
2016:North Korea (1946â1947)
1387:. Insight on the News.
1209:. Frank Cass. pp.
1201:George, Edward (2005).
757:(FLEC). On October 23,
410:José Eduardo dos Santos
108:For more guidance, see
4022:20th century in Angola
2468:New political thinking
1743:Current and historical
1103:Faria, P.C.J. (2013).
980:Tvedten, Inge (1997).
927:"Lei 5/72, 1972-06-23"
825:planned to arrest Neto
821:JosĂ© Jacinto Van-DĂșnem
654:
3339:Post-Soviet conflicts
3293:Tajikistani Civil War
3243:Revolution on Granite
3203:Monday Demonstrations
2729:SanjaasĂŒrengiin Zorig
2563:Mengistu Haile Mariam
2329:Eastern Bloc politics
1415:12 April 2023 at the
819:, and Chief of Staff
777:On 11 November 1975,
334:Common languages
110:Knowledge:Translation
81:copyright attribution
3553:World Heritage Sites
2749:Vytautas Landsbergis
2744:Viacheslav Chornovil
2573:Denis Sassou Nguesso
2248:History of socialism
1430:"Angola (1975â2002)"
1241:. 6 September 2020.
860:multiparty elections
858:, which allowed for
740:Civil War, 1975-1991
726:Carnation Revolution
147:improve this article
4047:Communism in Angola
3813:Internet censorship
3471:War of Independence
3442:Precolonial history
3193:Pan-European Picnic
3168:1988 Polish strikes
2548:Wojciech Jaruzelski
2288:Revolutions of 1989
2184:Estonia (1918â1919)
2078:Hungary (1949â1989)
1077:. pp. 222â223.
988:. London. pp.
712:and backed by both
610:Republic of Cabinda
3464:Colonial governors
2553:Slobodan MiloĆĄeviÄ
2422:Vatican Opposition
2149:Byelorussia (1919)
1350:The New York Times
877:Halloween Massacre
864:Republic of Angola
808:as co-presidents.
763:Operation Savannah
623:Republic of Angola
440:Lopo do Nascimento
295:('Onwards Angola')
89:interlanguage link
3987:
3986:
3945:
3944:
3823:Lists of Angolans
3808:Human trafficking
3770:
3769:
3686:
3685:
3663:Political parties
3658:National Assembly
3626:Foreign relations
3578:
3577:
3476:People's Republic
3388:
3387:
3314:Colour revolution
3144:
3143:
3111:Congo-Brazzaville
2832:Democratic Russia
2789:Pope John Paul II
2784:George H. W. Bush
2734:Vladimir Bukovsky
2523:Mikhail Gorbachev
2518:Nicolae CeauÈescu
2304:Era of Stagnation
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1776:Congo-Brazzaville
1672:Regional variants
1333:. United Nations.
1316:978-0-7453-1247-7
1277:978-1-78076-905-9
1220:978-0-415-35015-0
1156:978-0-299-10113-8
1116:978-1-4438-6671-2
1046:978-1-58648-246-6
999:978-0-8133-3335-9
966:978-0-8157-7593-5
907:African socialism
873:Jeremias Chitunda
845:Tripartite Accord
772:Operation Carlota
667:Angolan Civil War
643:
642:
639:
638:
635:
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615:
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447:âą 1991â1992
435:âą 1975â1978
405:âą 1979â1992
393:âą 1975â1979
308:
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4037:One-party states
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3523:Cities and towns
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3454:Colonial history
3415:
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3401:
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3391:
3263:Transnistria War
2922:
2921:
2764:Aung San Suu Kyi
2679:Alexander DubÄek
2616:Civil resistance
2473:Sinatra Doctrine
2453:Demokratizatsiya
2354:Shortage economy
2281:
2274:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2104:
2103:
1961:
1960:
1751:
1750:
1746:socialist states
1625:African-American
1467:
1460:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1380:
1374:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1282:
1281:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1208:
1198:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1144:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1034:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1003:
987:
977:
971:
970:
952:
943:
942:
940:
938:
923:
847:, which secured
786:Marxist-Leninist
710:Marxist-Leninist
631:
630:
619:
618:
606:
605:
592:
591:
585:
584:
569:
568:
504:22 November 1976
488:11 November 1975
363:Marxist-Leninist
319:
310:
309:
268:
254:
227:
226:
218:
211:
207:
204:
198:
196:
155:
131:
123:
100:
94:
67:Google Translate
48:
44:
27:
26:
19:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4051:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3983:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3941:
3857:
3838:Public holidays
3766:
3740:
3682:
3648:Law enforcement
3574:
3548:Protected areas
3505:
3459:Portuguese rule
3428:
3419:
3389:
3384:
3368:
3329:Democratization
3319:Decommunization
3302:
3238:Helsinki Summit
3178:April 9 tragedy
3150:
3140:
3069:
2978:
2926:
2917:
2911:
2799:
2793:
2661:
2655:
2608:
2602:
2558:Mathieu Kérékou
2505:
2499:
2431:
2407:Reagan Doctrine
2382:Active measures
2374:
2368:
2359:Totalitarianism
2296:
2290:
2285:
2255:
2250:
2233:
2214:Slovakia (1919)
2114:Alsace-Lorraine
2102:
2030:
1959:
1866:
1835:
1744:
1738:
1667:
1646:
1477:
1471:
1441:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1419:on Google Books
1417:Wayback Machine
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1342:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1285:
1278:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1199:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1101:
1097:
1086:
1082:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1025:
1021:
1005:
1004:
1000:
978:
974:
967:
953:
946:
936:
934:
933:(in Portuguese)
925:
924:
920:
915:
903:
894:
885:
856:Bicesse Accords
742:
704:. In 1966, the
686:
680:
675:
661:which governed
659:socialist state
628:
603:
589:
514:
501:
496:Admitted to the
485:
448:
436:
406:
394:
301:
299:
298:
276:
275:
274:
269:
261:
260:
255:
237:
232:
219:
208:
202:
199:
156:
154:
144:
132:
117:
116:
115:
98:
92:
51:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4060:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4042:Atheist states
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3974:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3788:Child marriage
3784:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3719:Communications
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3678:Prime Minister
3675:
3673:Vice President
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3545:
3543:Municipalities
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3438:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3418:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3354:Post-communism
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2944:Czechoslovakia
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2927:Eastern Europe
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2774:Isaias Afwerki
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2754:Zianon Pazniak
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2533:Erich Honecker
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2314:Anti-communism
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2194:Hungary (1919)
2191:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2061:Czech Republic
2056:Czechoslovakia
2053:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:Inner Mongolia
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1976:East Turkestan
1973:
1967:
1965:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1658:United Kingdom
1654:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1615:United Kingdom
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1421:
1402:
1375:
1362:
1336:
1322:
1315:
1297:
1283:
1276:
1270:. I.B.Tauris.
1256:
1226:
1219:
1188:
1162:
1155:
1129:
1115:
1095:
1092:. p. 213.
1080:
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998:
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944:
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916:
914:
911:
910:
909:
902:
899:
893:
890:
884:
881:
802:Holden Roberto
779:Agostinho Neto
741:
738:
682:Main article:
679:
676:
674:
671:
641:
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539:
533:
532:
527:
523:
522:
519:
518:
517:25 August 1992
515:
509:
506:
505:
502:
499:United Nations
493:
490:
489:
486:
476:
473:
472:
469:
468:
463:
462:Historical era
459:
458:
455:
454:
449:
446:
443:
442:
437:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
423:
421:Prime Minister
417:
416:
413:
412:
407:
404:
401:
400:
398:Agostinho Neto
395:
392:
389:
388:
385:
384:
381:
375:
374:
357:
351:
350:
345:
341:
340:
335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
320:
312:
311:
297:
296:
293:
285:
278:
277:
270:
263:
262:
256:
249:
248:
247:
244:
243:
239:
238:
233:
230:
221:
220:
203:September 2018
135:
133:
126:
119:
118:
114:
113:
106:
95:
73:
70:
59:
52:
33:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4059:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3990:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3803:Ethnic groups
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3411:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3359:Yugoslav Wars
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Neo-Stalinism
3347:
3345:
3344:Neo-Sovietism
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Black January
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
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1499:New Australia
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839:In 1988, the
837:
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813:
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806:Jonas Savimbi
804:and UNITA's
803:
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730:Alvor Accords
727:
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688:In 1961, the
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348:State atheism
346:
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294:
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290:Angola Avante
287:
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164: â
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158:Find sources:
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136:This article
134:
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124:
111:
107:
104:
96:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
60:
57:
54:
53:
47:
41:
40:in Portuguese
39:
34:You can help
30:
21:
20:
3989:
3970:Bibliography
3871:Architecture
3833:Prostitution
3793:Demographics
3757:Trade unions
3631:Human rights
3606:Constitution
3475:
3307:Later events
3223:Malta Summit
3055:Turkmenistan
2983:Soviet Union
2969:Soviet Union
2949:East Germany
2769:Meles Zenawi
2724:Sali Berisha
2674:VĂĄclav Havel
2621:Human chains
2528:KĂĄroly GrĂłsz
2458:Khozraschyot
2349:Nomenklatura
2324:Eastern Bloc
2124:BaranyaâBaja
2093:Soviet Union
2073:East Germany
1771:Burkina Faso
1760:
1424:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1378:
1370:
1365:
1355:11 September
1353:. Retrieved
1349:
1339:
1325:
1306:
1300:
1266:
1259:
1247:. Retrieved
1238:
1229:
1204:
1179:. Retrieved
1165:
1140:
1132:
1122:10 September
1120:. Retrieved
1105:
1098:
1089:
1083:
1074:
1068:
1060:
1055:
1030:
1022:
983:
975:
956:
935:. Retrieved
930:
921:
895:
886:
853:
838:
830:
814:
810:
776:
759:South Africa
743:
718:Soviet Union
687:
646:
644:
578:Succeeded by
577:
572:
547:Calling code
479:Independence
281:
272:Coat of arms
234:
224:
209:
200:
190:
183:
176:
169:
157:
145:Please help
140:verification
137:
85:edit summary
76:
43:
35:
3704:Agriculture
3636:LGBT rights
3596:Ambassadors
3447:Archaeology
3283:August Coup
3136:South Yemen
3081:Afghanistan
2925:Central and
2918:by location
2822:Civic Forum
2709:Feng Congde
2684:Ion Iliescu
2669:Lech WaĆÄsa
2626:Magnitizdat
2588:Zhao Ziyang
2578:Heng Samrin
2538:MiloĆĄ JakeĆĄ
2448:Perestroika
2107:Short-lived
1964:Short-lived
1933:South Yemen
1918:North Korea
1878:Afghanistan
1595:New Zealand
1590:Netherlands
1395:10 February
722:Estado Novo
692:(MPLA) and
573:Preceded by
45:(July 2018)
3996:Categories
3935:Cathedrals
3913:Television
3908:Newspapers
3898:Literature
3741:(currency)
3611:Corruption
3533:Ecoregions
3324:Lustration
3198:Baltic Way
3149:Individual
3126:Mozambique
3065:Uzbekistan
3050:Tajikistan
3035:Kyrgyzstan
3030:Kazakhstan
2995:Azerbaijan
2974:Yugoslavia
2852:Solidarity
2812:Charter 77
2798:Opposition
2694:Wu'erkaixi
2660:Opposition
2607:Opposition
2598:Siad Barre
2543:Egon Krenz
2513:Ramiz Alia
2504:Government
2443:Uskoreniye
2375:background
2297:background
2219:Tarnobrzeg
2144:Bessarabia
2098:Yugoslavia
1821:Seychelles
1816:Mozambique
1811:Madagascar
1734:Vietnamese
1729:Venezuelan
1719:Nicaraguan
1714:Melanesian
1631:Venezuela
1543:Kuomintang
1536:since 1978
1506:Bangladesh
1482:By country
1476:by country
1181:20 January
913:References
817:Nito Alves
651:Portuguese
355:Government
338:Portuguese
173:newspapers
3848:Squatting
3818:Languages
3798:Education
3762:Transport
3724:Companies
3668:President
3643:Judiciary
3616:Elections
3560:Provinces
3511:Geography
3501:Conflicts
3481:Civil War
3364:Pink tide
3158:Jeltoqsan
3074:Elsewhere
3025:Lithuania
2877:Rastokhez
2817:New Forum
2800:movements
2699:Chai Ling
2309:Communism
2177:1939â1940
2132:1918â1919
1901:1982â1992
1896:1979â1992
1891:1975â1979
1887:Cambodia
1862:Nicaragua
1794:1987â1991
1789:1974â1987
1785:Ethiopia
1724:Tanzanian
1605:Sri Lanka
1548:Hong Kong
1531:Communist
1494:Australia
1489:Argentina
1474:Socialism
1008:cite book
892:Education
783:one-party
761:launched
537:Drives on
379:President
369:socialist
366:one-party
344:Religion
242:1975â1992
103:talk page
3979:Category
3930:Religion
3893:Football
3828:Polygamy
3709:Airports
3653:Military
3584:Politics
3570:Wildlife
3528:Communes
3426:articles
3121:Mongolia
3116:Ethiopia
3101:Cambodia
3005:Chechnya
2939:Bulgaria
2714:Tank Man
2704:Wang Dan
2689:Liu Gang
2646:Samizdat
2641:Protests
2480:Glasnost
2463:500 Days
2387:Cold War
2295:Internal
2229:WĂŒrzburg
2204:Naissaar
2168:Finland
2128:Bavaria
2066:Slovakia
2051:Bulgaria
1981:Far East
1928:Mongolia
1840:Americas
1704:European
1635:Chavismo
1600:Pakistan
1413:Archived
1389:Archived
1243:Archived
1239:BBC News
1175:Archived
901:See also
716:and the
526:Currency
483:Portugal
466:Cold War
372:republic
79:provide
3956:Outline
3920:Museums
3888:Cuisine
3863:Culture
3843:Slavery
3776:Society
3752:Tourism
3739:Kwanza
3734:Fishing
3692:Economy
3601:Cabinet
3538:Islands
3434:History
3373:Related
3131:Somalia
3060:Ukraine
3040:Moldova
3015:Georgia
3010:Estonia
3000:Belarus
2990:Armenia
2964:Romania
2954:Hungary
2934:Albania
2842:SÄ
jƫdis
2662:leaders
2609:methods
2506:leaders
2495:Äá»i Má»i
2436:Reforms
2199:Ireland
2189:Galicia
2088:Romania
2046:Albania
2001:Jiangxi
1948:Vietnam
1852:Grenada
1826:Somalia
1709:Israeli
1699:Chinese
1694:Burmese
1689:British
1679:African
1651:History
1642:Vietnam
1610:Tunisia
1560:Finland
1555:Estonia
883:Economy
849:Namibia
767:Namibia
751:Cabinda
673:History
510:âą
494:âą
477:âą
360:Unitary
324:Capital
282:Anthem:
187:scholar
101:to the
83:in the
42:.
3876:Cinema
3747:Mining
3729:Health
3565:Rivers
3424:
3422:Angola
3151:events
3086:Angola
3045:Russia
3020:Latvia
2959:Poland
2916:Events
2568:Ne Win
2209:Saxony
2154:Bremen
2083:Poland
2039:Europe
2006:Kuwait
1986:Fujian
1801:Guinea
1761:Angola
1754:Africa
1570:Greece
1565:France
1527:China
1523:Canada
1516:Lulism
1511:Brazil
1313:
1274:
1249:1 July
1217:
1213:â128.
1153:
1113:
1043:
996:
963:
794:Ambriz
790:Huambo
747:Luanda
663:Angola
530:Kwanza
425:
383:
328:Luanda
284:
189:
182:
175:
168:
160:
3963:Index
3925:Music
3903:Media
3881:Films
3853:Women
3714:Banks
3496:2020s
3491:2010s
3486:2000s
3106:China
3096:Burma
3091:Benin
2224:UĆŸice
2159:BihaÄ
2119:Banat
1991:Gilan
1938:Syria
1908:China
1883:Burma
1857:Chile
1831:Sudan
1806:Libya
1781:Egypt
1766:Benin
1585:Italy
1575:India
1433:(PDF)
937:8 May
833:SWAPO
541:right
481:from
194:JSTOR
180:books
63:DeepL
3621:Flag
2172:1918
2137:1919
1943:Tuva
1923:Laos
1913:Iraq
1871:Asia
1847:Cuba
1684:Arab
1580:Iran
1397:2008
1357:2018
1311:ISBN
1272:ISBN
1251:2021
1215:ISBN
1183:2013
1151:ISBN
1124:2018
1111:ISBN
1041:ISBN
1014:link
994:ISBN
961:ISBN
939:2020
714:Cuba
645:The
258:Flag
166:news
77:must
75:You
56:View
2344:KGB
1211:127
1147:254
1037:316
551:244
149:by
65:or
3998::
1348:.
1286:^
1237:.
1191:^
1149:.
1039:.
1010:}}
1006:{{
992:.
947:^
929:.
774:.
669:.
653::
562:AO
3414:e
3407:t
3400:v
2280:e
2273:t
2266:v
1466:e
1459:t
1452:v
1435:.
1399:.
1359:.
1319:.
1280:.
1253:.
1223:.
1185:.
1159:.
1126:.
1049:.
1016:)
1002:.
990:3
969:.
941:.
649:(
292:"
288:"
216:)
210:(
205:)
201:(
191:·
184:·
177:·
170:·
143:.
112:.
105:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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