155:
1322:
1788:
102:
2692:
2684:
25:
532:
2554:
1415:
520:
1557:
1754:
170:
2228:
1536:
1194:
185:
668:
832:
1453:, and display a small naval presence to the developing world. As the natural resources the Soviet Union needed were available on the Eurasian landmass, it did not need a navy to protect a large commercial fleet, as the western navies were configured to do. Later, countering seaborne nuclear delivery systems became another significant objective of the navy, and an impetus for expansion.
1949:
1776:
clearly much easier to find and attack. The USSR had entered the Second World War with more submarines than
Germany, but geography and the speed of the German attack precluded it from effectively using its more numerous fleet to its advantage. Because of its opinion that "quantity had a quality of its own" and at the insistence of Admiral of the Fleet
1506:
1861:, poor damage control, and quality-control issues during construction (particularly on the earlier submarines) were typical causes of accidents. On several occasions there were alleged collisions with American submarines. None of these, however, has been confirmed officially by the U.S. Navy. On 28 August 1976,
1665:
A distinctive feature of Soviet aircraft carriers has been their offensive missile armament (as well as long-range anti-aircraft warfare armament), again representing a fleet-defense operational concept, in distinction to the
Western emphasis on shore-strike missions from distant deployment. A second
2860:
Much of the equipment, which was commonly understood to be treaty limited (TLE) was declared to be part of the naval infantry. The Soviet argument was that the CFE excluded all naval forces, including its permanently land-based components. The Soviet
Government eventually became convinced that its
1783:
In some respects, including speed and reactor technology, Soviet submarines achieved unique successes, but for most of the era lagged their
Western counterparts in overall capability. In addition to their relatively high speeds and great operating depths they were difficult anti-submarine warfare
2538:
In the second half of the 1920s, the Naval
Aviation order of battle began to grow. It received new reconnaissance hydroplanes, bombers, and fighters. In the mid-1930s, the Soviets created the Naval Air Force in the Baltic Fleet, the Black Sea Fleet and the Soviet Pacific Fleet. The importance of
2864:
A proclamation of the Soviet government on 14 July 1991, which was later adopted by its successor states, provided that all "treaty-limited equipment" (tanks, artillery, and armored vehicles) assigned to naval infantry or coastal defense forces, would count against the total treaty entitlement.
1825:
are the world's largest submarines. While
Western navies assumed that the Soviet attack submarine force was designed for interception of NATO convoys, the Soviet leadership never prepared their submarines for such a mission. Over the years Soviet submarines suffered a number of accidents, most
1775:
Due to the Soviet Union's geographic position, submarines were considered the capital ships of the Navy. Submarines could penetrate attempts at blockade, either in the constrained waters of the Baltic and Black Seas or in the remote reaches of the USSR's western Arctic, while surface ships were
3939:
Fleet Flag-officer 2nd Rank from 17 January 1938, Admiral (June 1940), Admiral of the Fleet (February 1944), Rear
Admiral (1948), Admiral of the Fleet (1953), Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union (March 1955), Vice-Admiral (February 1956), Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union (1988,
1064:
proceeded, plans were made to expand the Soviet Navy into one of the most powerful in the world. Approved by the Labour and
Defence Council in 1926, the Naval Shipbuilding Program included plans to construct twelve submarines; the first six were to become known as the
1087:
In subsequent years, 133 submarines were built to designs developed during
Malinin's management. Additional developments included the formation of the Pacific Fleet in 1932 and the Northern Fleet in 1933. The forces were to be built around a core of powerful
2828:
Document on
Confidence and Security-Building Measures (CSBMs) were signed, Soviet data was presented under the so-called initial data exchange. This showed a rather sudden emergence of three so-called coastal defence divisions (including the
1637:(Eagle), whose stated purpose was to create an aircraft carrier capable of basing fixed-wing fighter aircraft in defense of the deployed fleet. The project was canceled during the planning stages when strategic priorities shifted once more.
1110:, and some more old minesweepers. The Black Sea Fleet at Sevastopol included one battleship, three cruisers, one training cruiser, five destroyers, two patrol ships, and four minesweepers. The Northern Fleet operating from the shores of
2699:
In 1961, the Naval Infantry was re-formed and became one of the active combat services of the Navy. Each Fleet was assigned a Marine unit of regiment (and later brigade) size. The Naval Infantry received amphibious versions of standard
1039:
of 1921–1922, which limited the size and capabilities of the most powerful navies – British, American, Japanese, French, Italian. The greater part of the old fleet was sold by the Soviet government to post-war Germany for scrap.
1888:
and the end of the Cold War, the Soviet Navy, like other branches of Armed Forces, eventually lost some of its units to former Soviet Republics, and was left without funding. Some ships were transferred to former Soviet states:
1034:
As the country's attentions were largely directed internally, the Navy did not have much funding or training. An indicator of its reputation was that the Soviets were not invited to participate in negotiations for the
1047:
there remained only three much-neglected battleships, two cruisers, some ten destroyers, and a few submarines. Despite this state of affairs, the Baltic Fleet remained a significant naval formation, and the
2635:. The Naval Infantry conducted over 114 landings, most of which were carried out by platoons and companies. In general, however, Naval Infantry served as regular infantry, without any amphibious training.
2654:. During the war, five brigades and two battalions of naval infantry were awarded Guards status. Nine brigades and six battalions were awarded decorations, and many were given honorary titles. The title
2539:
naval aviation had grown significantly by 1938–1940, to become one of the main components of the Soviet Navy. By this time, the Soviets had created formations and units of the torpedo and bomb aviation.
880:" (anti-communist) opposing armies, and others simply resigned) and most of the sailors walked off and left their ships. Work stopped in the shipyards, where uncompleted ships deteriorated rapidly.
1498:
classes. By the 1970s, Soviet submarine technology was in some respects more advanced than in the West, and several of their submarine types were considered superior to their American rivals.
4101:
1361:
aircraft in 1941. For the rest of the war, the non-submerged part of the ship remained in use as a grounded battery. Submarines, although suffering great losses due to German and Finnish
1467:, which were launched with great frequency during the immediate post-war years. Afterwards, through a combination of indigenous research and technology obtained through espionage from
1376:, but they helped defend naval bases and supply them while besieged, as well as later evacuating them. Heavy naval guns and sailors helped defend port cities during long sieges by
872:
in 1921. During the revolutionary period, Russian sailors deserted their ships at will and generally neglected their duties. The officers were dispersed (some were killed by the
1597:
The Soviet Navy still had the mission of confronting Western submarines, creating a need for large surface vessels to carry anti-submarine helicopters. During 1968 and 1969 the
1456:
The Soviet Navy was structured around submarines and small, maneuverable, tactical vessels. The Soviet shipbuilding program kept yards busy constructing submarines based upon
1388:
conducting Lend-Lease cargo shipping. In the Pacific Ocean, the Soviet Union was not at war with Japan before 1945, so some destroyers were transferred to the Northern Fleet.
1118:
was made up of three destroyers and three patrol ships, while the Pacific Fleet had two destroyers, transferred east in 1936, and six patrol ships assembled in the Far East.
4362:
2535:. The newborn Soviet Naval Air Force consisted of only 76 obsolete hydroplanes. Scanty and technically imperfect, it was mostly used for resupplying the ships and the army.
4202:
1351:
by minefields, where they participated with the anti-aircraft defence of the city and bombarded German positions. One example of Soviet resourcefulness was the battleship
4312:
682:
4357:
4298:
895:(Communist) revolution entirely disrupted its personnel, with mass murders of officers; the ships were allowed to decay to unserviceability. At the end of April 1918,
4010:
1799:
technology. Acoustics was a particularly interesting type of information that the Soviets sought about the West's submarine-production methods, and the long-active
2677:
4195:
4128:
1482:, while in the West such an approach would never have been considered tactically feasible. The Soviet Navy did also possess several very large and well-armed
4372:
4079:
Sokolov, Alexei Nikolaevich (2012). ""Our Ambitious Plans": Soviet Shipbuilding Programs of the Post-war Decades, Part III: 1981–1990 and 1986–1995".
1260:-class destroyers, some of the cruisers, and all the battleships), some modern ships built in the USSR and Europe (like the Italian-built destroyer
1780:, the Soviet Navy continued to operate many first-generation missile submarines, built in the early 1960s, until the end of the Cold War in 1991.
1745:
between Europe and North America, the primary role of these aircraft was to protect the Soviet mainland from attacks by U.S. carrier task forces.
1406:
As post-war spoils, the Soviets received several Italian and Japanese warships and much German naval engineering and architectural documentation.
1251:
In various stages of completion were another 219 vessels including 3 battleships, 2 heavy and 7 light cruisers, 45 destroyers, and 91 submarines.
3954:
1125:
against Finland in 1939–1940, on the Baltic Sea. It was limited mainly to cruisers and battleships fighting artillery duels with Finnish forts.
1921:
3285:
2821:
1770:
436:
3784:
1670:) was under construction when the Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991. Construction stopped and the ship was sold later, incomplete, to the
1395:
provided air support to naval and land operations involving the Soviet Navy. This service was responsible for the operation of shore-based
996:, built 1900, whose crew joined the communist Bolsheviks. Sailors of the Baltic fleet supplied the fighting force of the Bolsheviks led by
160:
3514:
2669:
operations. Many members of the Naval Infantry were parachute trained, conducting more drops and successful parachute operations than the
1784:(ASW) targets to destroy because of their multiple compartments, their large reserve buoyancy, and especially their double-hulled design.
1517:, which could bypass the need for any invasion to be over the Eurasian land mass. The flagship of the squadron was for a long period the
3696:
1106:
based at Leningrad, with two battleships, one training cruiser, eight destroyers including one destroyer leader, five patrol ships, two
1705:
class and nuclear-powered. The project was terminated, and what little structure had been initiated in the building ways was scrapped.
1561:
1642:
781:
3476:
1031:, installed as a temporary Russian revolutionary government, was less than service-ready during the interwar years of 1918 to 1941.
1175:
3665:
1352:
446:
4367:
4209:
2853:), along with three artillery brigades/regiments, subordinate to the Soviet Navy, which had previously been unknown as such to
4347:
3862:
3489:
3452:
1586:
were seen as relatively unimportant and received little attention, as Moscow focused on a naval strategy designed to disrupt
1061:
3416:
2729:
1449:'Soviet Military Maritime Fleet'). After the war, the Soviets concluded that they needed a navy that could disrupt
750:
391:
1321:
946:
squadron had to withdraw, but before leaving they damaged all the remaining battleships and sank thirteen new submarines.
2750:
2711:
By 1989, the Naval Infantry numbered 18,000 marines, organized into a Marine Division and 4 independent Marine brigades;
1630:); they were designed to operate for fleet defense, primarily within range of land-based Soviet Naval Aviation aircraft.
208:
1478:
of various sorts. Indeed, it became a feature of Soviet design to place large missiles onto relatively small, but fast,
930:
which ended the War, additional Russian ships were confiscated by the British. On 1 April 1919, during the ensuing
2568:, about 350,000 Soviet sailors fought on land. At the beginning of the war, the navy had only one naval brigade in the
1384:
class, Type 7, and Type 7U) and smaller craft participated with the anti-aircraft and anti-submarine defence of Allied
1154:
in June 1941, initially millions of soldiers were captured, many sailors and naval guns were detached to reinforce the
1134:
734:
583:
220:
190:
4110:
4044:
4024:
3882:
3841:
1696:
1683:
1590:. Nonetheless, the Soviet navy pursued an aircraft carrier program as a way of matching stoking competition with the
1138:
1028:
755:
68:
46:
39:
4146:
4058:
Sokolov, Alexei Nikolaevich (2010). ""Our Ambitious Plans": Soviet Shipbuilding Programs of the Post-war Decades".
3764:
3290:
2846:
2189:
1679:
860:, which had been almost completely destroyed in the two Revolutions of 1917 (February and October/November) during
2830:
2207:
1787:
1598:
1332:
1089:
803:
1267:
2989:
2975:
3002:
Fleet Admiral of the Soviet Union Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov (20 July 1951 – 5 January 1956), second term,
3280:
2788:
2639:
2455:
1854:
1219:
1147:
in the late 1930s. The naval share of the national armaments budget fell from 11.5% in 1941 to 6.6% in 1944.
923:
774:
319:
214:
3969:
3878:
1708:
In part to perform the functions usual to carrier-borne aircraft, the Soviet Navy deployed large numbers of
1678:, which inherited part of the old Soviet fleet after the break-up of the USSR. It was commissioned into the
1052:
Fleet also provided a basis for expansion. There also existed some thirty minor-waterways combat flotillas.
3974:
3439:
2933:
2764:
2715:
2596:
2470:
1539:
426:
420:
301:
3525:
3009:(5 January 1956 – 8 December 1985), considered the officer most responsible for reforming the Soviet Navy,
2961:
2476:
2326:
2198:
1965:
1795:
Their principal shortcomings were insufficient noise-damping (American boats were quieter) and primitive
1608:
1549:
927:
476:
4182:
3249:
2647:
2464:
1738:
1587:
1450:
1077:
101:
4352:
3295:
2701:
2245:
2231:
1487:
1115:
1066:
708:
106:
4284:
3793:
3300:
2842:
2838:
2655:
2084:
2004:
1807:
1762:
1502:
1293:
1261:
767:
634:
328:
313:
307:
33:
2603:
The military situation demanded the deployment of large numbers of marines on land fronts, so the
4316:
3382:
3356:
2444:
2428:
2290:
2123:
2039:
2027:
1976:
1953:
1885:
1819:
1758:
1432:
1328:
1255:
1159:
1036:
687:
500:
3781:
956:
captured Crimea in 1919, it rescued and reconditioned a few units. At the end of the civil war,
4261:
4133:
3511:
3246:
Zozulya, Fyodor Vladimirovich (19 February 1958 – 25 May 1964), admiral, died on 21 April 1964.
3147:
3134:
3111:
2914:
2723:
2670:
2643:
2422:
2356:
2344:
2335:
2302:
2284:
2140:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2021:
1988:
1840:
1830:
1827:
1518:
1403:, catapult-launched and vessel-based planes, and land-based aircraft designated for naval use.
1362:
1325:
1212:
991:
835:
646:
610:
50:
4163:
3188:
Alafuzov, Vladimir Antonovich (Wreed, July 1944 - April 1945), Vice Admiral, from 1944 Admiral
1016:. Some imperial vessels continued to serve after the revolution, albeit with different names.
3955:"A Tale of Two Fleets: A Russian Perspective on the 1973 Naval Standoff in the Mediterranean"
3252:(13 June 1964 – 1 July 1977), Vice Admiral, Admiral from 1965, Admiral of the Fleet from 1970
2498:
2434:
2350:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2117:
2060:
2015:
1994:
1982:
1848:
1845:
1811:
1730:
1714:
1392:
1187:
1143:
Building a Soviet fleet was a national priority, but many senior officers were killed in the
987:
The first ship of the revolutionary navy could be considered the rebellious Imperial Russian
857:
795:
642:
606:
582:(1945–1991). The Soviet Navy played a large role during the Cold War, either confronting the
386:
3808:
3173:
Haller, Lev Mikhailovich (10 January 1938 – 23 October 1940), flagship of the 2nd rank fleet
3102:
Toshakov, Arkady Alexandrovich (31 August 1926 – 23 August 1927, vred until 29 October 1926)
1695:-class ship, the Soviet Navy began the construction of an improved aircraft carrier design,
1158:; these reassigned naval forces had especially significant roles on land in the battles for
4342:
3782:
The Self-Designing High-Reliability Organization: Aircraft Carrier Flight Operations at Sea
2377:
2146:
2111:
2072:
2033:
1936:
1866:
1836:
1742:
1308:
1167:
1163:
1151:
1096:
622:
340:
4155:
2691:
2683:
8:
2733:
2395:
2389:
2296:
2269:
1932:
1917:
1800:
1493:
1444:
922:
The ships remaining in Sevastopol were captured by the Germans and then, after the later
869:
659:
555:
353:
264:
4052:
Stalin's Ocean-Going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programmes, 1935–1953
3688:
3609:
Stalin's Ocean-going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programmes, 1935–1953
3233:
Fokin, Vitaly Alekseevich (11 May 1953 – 16 March 1955), Vice Admiral, from 1953 Admiral
2794:. The latter could transport one infantry battalion with 40 armoured vehicles and their
4016:
3590:
3559:
3267:
3261:
3013:
2968:
2662:
2503:
The regular Soviet naval aviation units were created in 1918. They participated in the
2401:
2383:
2278:
2178:
1604:
1591:
1336:
1304:
1179:
1009:
1005:
957:
849:
845:
815:
807:
567:
401:
376:
3661:
1607:
were first deployed, succeeded by the first of four aircraft-carrying cruisers of the
856:
The Soviet Navy was based on a republican naval force formed from the remnants of the
4288:
4106:
4088:
4067:
4040:
4020:
3998:
3858:
3837:
3722:
3563:
3485:
3448:
2926:
2909:
Commanders-in-Chief of the Naval Forces of the USSR ("NaMorSi") (from 1 January 1924)
2504:
1815:
1634:
1510:
969:
931:
865:
799:
713:
650:
638:
396:
381:
257:
2553:
1483:
4275:
4138:
3620:
Mark Harrison, "The Volume of Soviet Munitions Output, 1937–1945: A Reevaluation,"
3551:
2947:
2896:
2884:
2676:
The Naval Infantry was disbanded in 1947, with some units being transferred to the
2174:
2100:
2049:
1928:
1709:
1583:
1545:
1464:
1423:
1241:
626:
591:
482:
1753:
1556:
4265:
4252:
4167:
4150:
3965:
3788:
3768:
3529:
3518:
3412:
3163:
Kalachev, Vladimir Petrovich (19 August 1937 – 3 February 1938), Captain 1st Rank
3086:
3006:
2890:
2810:
2772:
2583:
of 5–10 battalions, formed from surplus ships' crews. Five brigades were awarded
1902:
1777:
1627:
1471:
and the Western nations, the Soviets gradually improved their submarine designs.
1422:
In February 1946, the Red Fleet was renamed and became known as the Soviet Navy (
1357:, an ageing pre-World War I ship sunk at anchor in Kronstadt's harbour by German
1081:
614:
531:
519:
494:
470:
3270:(30 December 1985 – 12 September 1992), Admiral, since 1989 Admiral of the Fleet
3220:
Eliseev, Ivan Dmitrievich (interim, 6 August 1952 – 10 March 1953), Vice Admiral
1513:. The squadron's main function was to prevent largescale naval ingress into the
1414:
4234:
3431:
3255:
3031:
2920:
2850:
2737:
2604:
2584:
2548:
2528:
1909:
1858:
1726:
1655:
1076:(formerly the Submarine Department, and still secret), under the leadership of
1024:
1013:
997:
916:
877:
599:
587:
488:
271:
3555:
1552:
constituted an important component of the Soviet anti-submarine warfare system
4336:
4092:
4071:
4002:
2996:
2795:
2666:
2220:
1913:
1894:
1722:
1358:
1186:
by minefields, but the submarines escaped. The surface fleet fought with the
896:
575:
548:
4187:
2227:
1535:
814:, with smaller parts becoming the basis for navies of the newly independent
4302:
4243:
4177:
3207:
Golovko, Arseny Grigorievich (19 February 1947 – 10 February 1950), Admiral
3182:
Alafuzov, Vladimir Antonovich (Wreed, July 1942 - March 1943), Rear Admiral
3160:
Stasevich, Pavel Grigorievich (20 March – 19 August 1937), Captain 1st Rank
2784:
2758:
2628:
2569:
2565:
2557:
1898:
1844:, both lost to fire, and the far more menacing nuclear reactor leak on the
1651:
1479:
1468:
1457:
1366:
1171:
1103:
1001:
981:
912:
811:
618:
563:
416:
334:
175:
3542:
Hill, Alexander (2007). "The birth of the Soviet Northern Fleet 1937–42".
3179:(23 October 1940 – 21 April 1945), Admiral, from 1944 Admiral of the Fleet
2805:
At 75 units, the Soviet Union had the world's largest inventory of combat
2572:, but began forming and training other battalions. These eventually were:
4172:
4030:
3230:
Eliseev, Ivan Dmitrievich (interim, 15 March – 11 May 1953), Vice Admiral
3201:
3191:
Kucherov, Stepan Grigorievich (21 April 1945 – 18 February 1946), Admiral
3185:
Stepanov, Georgy Andreevich (Wreed, March 1943 - July 1944), Vice Admiral
3176:
2719:
2705:
2486:
1791:
Overseas Facilities and Anchorages Used by Soviet Naval Forces, mid-1980s
1659:
1614:, in 1973. Both types were capable of operating ASW helicopters, and the
1400:
1144:
1107:
961:
861:
700:
630:
595:
431:
4143:
3761:
3594:
3578:
3217:
Golovko, Arseny Grigorievich (10 February 1950 – 6 August 1952), Admiral
2834:
1920:
in 2008. Most of the Ukrainian Navy ships were captured back during the
1826:
notably on several nuclear boats. The most famous incidents include the
1803:
spy ring may have made a major contribution to their knowledge of such.
3468:
2940:
2806:
2768:
2651:
2624:
2620:
2532:
2524:
2512:
1396:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1122:
1095:. This building program was only in its initial stages by the time the
1044:
1012:
established after the earlier first revolution of February against the
965:
953:
943:
908:
888:
873:
810:
inherited the largest part of the Soviet Navy and reformed it into the
571:
406:
283:
3836:, 4th ed., (1986), United States Naval Institute, Annapolis Maryland,
3083:
Dombrovsky, Alexey Vladimirovich (23 December 1923 – 17 December 1924)
1193:
4035:
3243:
Fokin, Vitaly Alekseevich (16 March 1955 – 19 February 1958), Admiral
3040:
Melentyev, Alexander Nikolaevich (11 September 1919 – 27 August 1921)
2955:
People's Commissars for the USSR Navy ("NarKom VMF USSR") (from 1938)
2904:
Commander-in-Chief's Assistant for Naval Affairs (from 27 August 1921
2612:
2516:
2508:
2315:
1514:
1377:
1373:
1348:
1273:
1183:
1049:
900:
892:
884:
295:
3073:
Dombrovsky, Alexey Vladimirovich (27 August 1921 – 23 December 1923)
1128:
4102:
Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage
3142:
Head of the 1st Department of the Red Army Naval Forces Directorate
3063:
Dombrovsky, Alexey Vladimirovich (11 January 1921 – 27 August 1921)
3037:
Vecheslov, Vladimir Stepanovich (wreed, 22 May – 11 September 1919)
2780:
2754:
2411:
1870:
1572:
1277:
1155:
1111:
935:
911:
naval base. The more effective ships were moved from Sevastopol to
695:
625:, which was commanded separately. It also had a smaller force, the
579:
551:
441:
289:
277:
4099:
Sontag, Sherry; Drew, Christopher; Drew, Annette Lawrence (1998).
2983:
Commanders-in-Chief of the Soviet Navy ("GlavKom VMF") (from 1943)
2817:) could off-load weapons and supplies during amphibious landings.
1640:
In 1981, the Soviet Navy ordered its first true aircraft carrier,
1008:
of November 1917 against the democratic provisional government of
2744:
2580:
2366:
2258:
1719:
1675:
1475:
1344:
1284:), but the Soviet Navy received captured Romanian destroyers and
988:
977:
973:
667:
410:
3791:." Rochlin, G. I.; La Porte, T. R.; Roberts, K. H. Footnote 39.
3729:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 69-315 WASHINGTON : 1976
3105:
Petrov, Mikhail Alexandrovich (23 August 1927 – 12 October 1930)
3016:(8 December 1985 – December 1991; CIS Navy through August 1992).
2507:, cooperating with the ships and the army during the combats at
1318:) in exchange for the Soviet part of the captured Italian navy.
3855:
Hunters and Killers: Volume 2: Anti-Submarine Warfare from 1943
3522:
3124:
Gorsky, Mikhail Emelyanovich (4 October 1932 – 20 January 1935)
2825:
2616:
2608:
1718:(AV-MF, or Naval Aviation service). Strategic bombers like the
1619:
1385:
939:
904:
841:
3720:
3478:
Reforging European Security: From Confrontation To Cooperation
2820:
On 18 November 1990, on the eve of the Paris Summit where the
1582:
In the strategic planning laid by the Soviet strategists, the
915:
where, after an ultimatum from Germany, they were scuttled by
831:
3989:
Mawdsley, Evan (1990). "The Fate of Stalin's Naval Program".
3060:
Radzievsky, Boris Stepanovich (3 July 1920 – 11 January 1921)
2632:
2520:
1916:. The Georgian Navy was defeated by the Russian Navy at the
1796:
1671:
1568:
1254:
Included in the totals above are some pre-World War I ships (
3576:
3097:
Head of the Training Directorate of the UVMS of the Red Army
3092:
Blinov, Sergei Pavlovich (17 December 1924 – 31 August 1926)
3045:
Chief of Staff of the Commander of the Republic Naval Forces
1372:
In the Black Sea, many ships were damaged by minefields and
3904:
3689:"Красный Флот (Советский Военно-Морской Флот) 1943–1955 гг"
3413:"Soviet Military Power 1984 – Chapter III – Theater Forces"
3264:(16 December 1981 – 29 November 1985), Admiral of the Fleet
3204:(18 February 1946 – 19 February 1947), Admiral of the Fleet
2854:
1948:
1734:
1150:
When the Soviet Union entered the Second World War, during
950:
234:
3050:
Radzievsky, Boris Stepanovich (22 July 1919 – 3 July 1920)
3020:
2576:
6 naval infantry regiments (650 marines in two battalions)
1365:
actions, had a major role in the war at sea by disrupting
1347:'s capture, surface ships were blockaded in Leningrad and
4009:
Nilsen, Thomas; Kudrik, Igor; Nikitin, Aleksandr (1996).
3926:
3924:
3108:
Ludry, Ivan Martynovich (28 November 1930 – 9 March 1932)
2665:
in World War II contributed to the development of Soviet
1474:
The Soviets were quick to equip their surface fleet with
1380:. In the Arctic Ocean, Soviet Northern Fleet destroyers (
844:
against the provisional democratic Russian government of
3447:. Washington DC: Naval Institute Press. pp. i–iii.
1418:
Soviet Navy enlisted personnel stand at attention (1982)
840:
was unofficially the first Soviet Navy vessel, after it
605:
The Soviet Navy was divided into four major fleets: the
3129:
Head of the 2nd Directorate of the UVMS of the Red Army
3119:
Head of the 1st Directorate of the UVMS of the Red Army
2809:. In addition, many of the 2,500 vessels of the Soviet
2695:
Soviet Naval Infantrymen during a demonstration in 1990
1765:, an important platform for launching anti-ship strikes
1272:). During the war, many of the vessels on the slips in
1201:
The composition of the Soviet fleets in 1941 included:
960:, a White flotilla, moved south through the Black Sea,
3921:
3441:
Admiral Gorshkov: The Man Who Challenged the U.S. Navy
3258:(1 July 1977 – 18 November 1981), Admiral of the Fleet
4123:
3387:
3361:
3327:
2658:
was bestowed on 122 members of naval infantry units.
2638:
They conducted four major operations: two during the
1437:
4363:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1991
4178:
All Soviet Submarines – Complete Ship List (English)
3857:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 85–88.
1190:
defence of the city and bombarded German positions.
794:
The Soviet Navy was formed from the remnants of the
4160:
3150:(20 January 1935 – 5 March 1937), 1st rank flagship
2879:
Commanders of Naval Forces of the RSFSR ("KoMorSi")
2868:
4173:All Soviet Warships – Complete Ship List (English)
1701:, which was to have been slightly larger than the
1648:Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov
1182:. The Baltic fleet was blockaded in Leningrad and
1080:, managed the submarine construction works at the
16:Maritime service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces
4358:Military units and formations established in 1918
3970:"The Cold War at Sea: An International Appraisal"
3650:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946
3632:
3630:
3579:"The Soviet Union's Ocean-Going Fleet, 1935–1956"
2873:
1806:The Soviet Navy possessed numerous purpose-built
1129:World War II: The Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)
4334:
3577:Jürgen Rohwer; Mikhail Monakov (November 1996).
3474:
2822:Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty
826:
3721:Congressional Research Service (October 1976).
3377:Рабоче-крестьянский Ккрасный флотРабо́че (РККФ)
3774:
3627:
3055:Chief of Staff of All Republic Maritime Forces
1922:annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
1288:small craft from the U.S., as well as the old
1102:By the end of 1937, the biggest fleet was the
1055:
562:, the Soviet Navy made up a large part of the
4217:
4203:
3852:
3375:
3349:
3339:'Military Maritime Fleet of the USSR'
3286:1966 Soviet submarine global circumnavigation
1771:1966 Soviet submarine global circumnavigation
1507:ru:5-я Средиземноморская эскадра кораблей ВМФ
1121:The Soviet Navy had some minor action in the
775:
570:in the event of a conflict with the opposing
437:1966 Soviet submarine global circumnavigation
91:
3437:
1956:is the largest class of submarine ever built
1733:. Previously believed to be interceptors of
4027:. Chapter 8, "Nuclear submarine accidents".
3918:Military ranks were abolished in 1918–1935.
3334:
3155:Chief of Staff of the Red Army Naval Forces
1266:and the partially completed German cruiser
4373:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
4210:
4196:
4012:Report 2: 1996: The Russian Northern Fleet
3747:J.E. Moore, "The Modern Soviet Navy", in:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3438:Polmar, Norman; Brooks, Thomas A. (2019).
3089:(wreed, 17 December 1924 – 2 January 1925)
1905:. All three countries joined NATO in 2004.
782:
768:
666:
100:
4183:Understanding Soviet naval developments.
3828:
3826:
3503:
3501:
3168:Chief of the Main Naval Staff of the Navy
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
4050:Rohwer, Jürgen, and Mikhail S. Monakov,
3988:
3985:(Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1974)
3853:Polmar, Norman; Whitman, Edward (2016).
3640:(Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1974)
3068:Chief of the Naval Staff of the Republic
2690:
2682:
2552:
2492:
2226:
1947:
1786:
1752:
1555:
1534:
1530:
1413:
1320:
1192:
830:
633:and was followed by a larger fleet, the
32:This article includes a list of general
4078:
4057:
3806:
3703:
3475:Gottfried, Kurt; Bracken, Paul (2019).
3389:Raboche-krest'yansky krasny flot (RKKF)
3021:Chiefs of the General Staff of the Navy
1409:
1280:were destroyed (mainly by aircraft and
447:The attack on the Soviet naval presence
4335:
3953:Goldstein, Lyle; Zhukov, Yuri (2004).
3823:
3607:Jürgen Rohwer and Mikhail S. Monakov,
3544:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies
3498:
3225:Chief of the General Staff of the Navy
1989:Project 667A (Yankee-class) submarines
1977:Project 941 (Typhoon-class) submarines
4191:
3662:"Лидер "Ташкент" Черноморского Флота"
3419:from the original on 4 September 2015
3415:. Federation of American Scientists.
2964:(30 December 1937 – 5 November 1938),
2917:(22 November 1921 – 9 December 1924),
2899:(5 February 1920 – 22 November 1921).
2237:is a class of nuclear-powered warship
1983:Project 667B (Delta-class) submarines
1691:Soon after the launch of this second
1247:and a range of other smaller vessels.
1062:industrialization of the Soviet Union
1019:The Soviet Navy, established as the "
4129:Admiral Gorshkov and the Soviet Navy
3541:
2950:(15 August 1937 – 30 December 1937).
2730:61st Kirkenes Naval Infantry Brigade
1995:Project 658 (Hotel-class) submarines
751:Military history of the Soviet Union
18:
3238:Chief of the Main Staff of the Navy
3196:Chief of the Main Staff of the Navy
2923:(9 December 1924 – 23 August 1926),
2751:336th Guards Naval Infantry Brigade
1633:During the 1970s the Soviets began
1391:From the beginning of hostilities,
1211:59 destroyers (including 46 modern
907:and started to advance towards the
209:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
13:
3699:from the original on 14 July 2011.
3137:(4 October 1932 – 20 January 1935)
3005:Fleet Admiral of the Soviet Union
2971:(5 November 1938 – 20 March 1939),
2943:(10 July – 15 August 1937) Acting,
2893:(24 April 1919 – 5 February 1920),
2887:(15 October 1918 – 22 April 1919),
2861:position could not be maintained.
2783:, the Soviet Navy had over eighty
1072:. Beginning 4 November 1926,
735:Military ranks of the Soviet Union
584:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
221:Commonwealth of Independent States
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
4384:
4117:
3883:United States Department of State
3879:"Collision with Soviet submarine"
3508:Periods of Activities (1926–1941)
3268:Makarov, Konstantin Valentinovich
3148:Panzerzhansky, Eduard Samuilovich
3135:Panzerzhansky, Eduard Samuilovich
3112:Panzerzhansky, Eduard Samuilovich
2999:(17 January 1947 – 20 July 1951),
2915:Eduard Samoilovich Pantserzhansky
2743:175th Naval Infantry Brigade, at
2542:
756:History of Russian military ranks
3668:from the original on 16 May 2006
3624:(1990) 50#3 pp. 569–589 at p 582
3583:The International History Review
3291:List of ships of the Soviet Navy
3212:Chief of the Naval General Staff
3026:Chief of the Naval General Staff
2936:(11 June 1931 – 15 August 1937),
2929:(23 August 1926 – 11 June 1931),
2869:Heads of the Soviet Naval Forces
2847:77th Guards Motor Rifle Division
2687:Soviet Naval Infantrymen in 1985
1666:carrier (pre-commissioning name
1021:Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet
821:
530:
518:
392:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
183:
168:
153:
23:
3947:
3933:
3912:
3897:
3871:
3846:
3800:
3797:. Autumn, 1987, Vol. LI, No. 3.
3754:
3741:
3681:
3654:
3643:
3614:
3601:
3329:Voyenno-morskoy flot SSSR (VMF)
3262:Chernavin, Vladimir Nikolaevich
3034:(1 November 1917 – 22 May 1919)
3014:Vladimir Nikolayevich Chernavin
2802:ships has since been retired.)
2599:, formerly a Red Army formation
1715:Aviatsiya Voenno-Morskogo Flota
1099:forced its suspension in 1941.
887:Fleet fared no better than the
804:dissolution of the Soviet Union
3981:Gorshkov, Sergeĭ Georgievich.
3809:"Kamikazes: The Soviet Legacy"
3570:
3535:
3405:
3368:
3342:
3321:Военно-морской флот СССР (ВМФ)
3313:
2990:Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov
2976:Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov
2948:Mikhail Vladimirovich Viktorov
2874:Commanders of the Naval Forces
2704:, including tanks used by the
2607:contributed to the defense of
2101:conventional attack submarines
1960:In 1990, the Soviet Navy had:
1729:were deployed with high-speed
1562:Russian aircraft carrier
1439:Sovyetsky Voyenno-Morskoy Flot
1135:Baltic Sea campaigns (1939–45)
1029:Council of People's Commissars
984:coast, where it was interned.
743:History of the Soviet Military
527:Guards Red Banner naval ensign
1:
4368:1918 establishments in Russia
4244:Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet
3636:Sergeĭ Georgievich Gorshkov,
3398:
3281:Naval history of World War II
2897:Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Nemits
2640:Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
2471:Alligator-class landing ships
1879:
1818:and attack submarines; their
1748:
1737:supply convoys traveling the
1712:in a maritime role, with the
1680:People's Liberation Army Navy
1428:Советский Военно-Морской Флот
1139:Black Sea campaigns (1941–44)
924:Armistice of 11 November 1918
827:Russian Civil War (1917–1922)
320:conventional attack submarine
215:President of the Soviet Union
4348:Military of the Soviet Union
3975:Journal of Strategic Studies
3250:Sergeev, Nikolai Dmitrievich
2946:Fleet Flag-officer 1st Rank
2939:Fleet Flag-officer 2nd Rank
2934:Vladimir Mitrofanovich Orlov
2932:Fleet Flag-officer 1st Rank
2885:Vasili Mikhailovich Altfater
2765:810th Naval Infantry Brigade
2716:55th Naval Infantry Division
2671:Soviet Airborne Troops (VDV)
2597:55th Naval Infantry Division
2477:Polnocny-class landing ships
1966:ballistic missile submarines
1943:
727:Ranks of the Soviet Military
427:Soviet invasion of Manchuria
302:ballistic missile submarines
7:
4276:Red Banner Caspian Flotilla
4036:Uncovering Soviet Disasters
3771:, accessed 16 February 2012
3751:, ed. R. Bonds (Corgi 1982)
3723:"Soviet Oceans Development"
3622:Journal of Economic History
3512:Online (Accessed 5/24/2008)
3388:
3362:
3328:
3274:
3256:Egorov, Georgy Mikhailovich
3114:(13 April – 4 October 1932)
3087:Stepanov, Georgy Andreevich
3007:Sergey Georgyevich Gorshkov
2969:Mikhail Petrovich Frinovsky
2962:Pyotr Alexandrovich Smirnov
2927:Romuald Adamovich Muklevich
2465:Ropucha-class landing ships
1438:
1056:Interwar period (1922–1941)
864:(1914–1918), the following
641:. The Soviet Navy included
621:Fleets, in addition to the
558:. Often referred to as the
10:
4389:
4039:. New York: Random House.
3907:Military Balance 1991–1992
3727:94th Congress, 2nd session
3532:, Russia, Saint-Petersburg
3078:Chief of Staff of the RKKF
3032:Behrens, Evgeny Andreevich
2891:Yevgeny Andreyevich Berens
2546:
2496:
2211:-class helicopter carriers
1876:in the Mediterranean Sea.
1869:II) collided with frigate
1768:
1739:sea lines of communication
1672:People's Republic of China
1588:sea lines of communication
1571:, as seen patrolling with
1567:deployed off the coast of
1329:marines of the Soviet Navy
1132:
133:14 February 1992
4235:Red Banner Northern Fleet
4223:
4218:Fleets of the Soviet Navy
3556:10.1080/13518040308430560
3528:16 September 2007 at the
3376:
3350:
3320:
3296:List of Soviet navy flags
2997:Ivan Stepanovich Yumashev
2807:air-cushion assault craft
2702:Armoured fighting vehicle
2661:The Soviet experience in
2085:November-class submarines
2050:nuclear attack submarines
2005:cruise missile submarines
1808:guided missile submarines
1427:
1343:In the Baltic Sea, after
1197:Soviet souvenir naval cap
1060:During the 1930s, as the
526:
514:
509:
460:
455:
369:
359:
349:
240:
230:
201:
144:
129:
114:
99:
92:
90:
85:
4262:Red Banner Pacific Fleet
4054:(Psychology Press, 2001)
3959:Naval War College Review
3834:Guide to the Soviet Navy
3813:Naval War College Review
3807:Tokarev, Maksim (2014).
3794:Naval War College Review
3762:5th Operational Squadron
3611:(Psychology Press, 2001)
3306:
3301:List of Russian admirals
3202:Isakov, Ivan Stepanovich
3177:Isakov, Ivan Stepanovich
2967:Army Commander 1st Rank
2960:Army Commissar 1st Rank
2921:Vyacheslav Ivanovich Zof
2843:Odessa Military District
2839:Baltic Military District
2656:Hero of the Soviet Union
2445:amphibious warfare ships
2429:Nanuchka-class corvettes
2291:Kresta II-class cruisers
2202:-class aircraft carriers
2124:Foxtrot-class submarines
2040:Juliett-class submarines
2028:Charlie-class submarines
1763:guided missile submarine
1652:Sukhoi Su-33 'Flanker-D'
1503:5th Operational Squadron
629:, which operated in the
329:amphibious warfare ships
314:nuclear attack submarine
308:cruise missile submarine
247:467,000 personnel (1984)
93:Военно-морской флот СССР
4166:21 January 2016 at the
4015:. Oslo/St. Petersburg:
3968:; Zhukov, Yuri. (2005)
3930:A naval rank from 1935.
3517:8 February 2008 at the
2941:Lev Mikhailovich Galler
2646:and one as part of the
2423:Parchim-class corvettes
2357:Kildin-class destroyers
2345:Kashin-class destroyers
2285:Kresta I-class cruisers
2193:-class aircraft carrier
2079:Victor-class submarines
2067:Sierra-class submarines
2022:Yankee Notch submarines
1954:Typhoon-class submarine
1886:dissolution of the USSR
1646:, subsequently renamed
1484:guided-missile cruisers
1037:Washington Naval Treaty
899:troops moved along the
688:Strategic Rocket Forces
53:more precise citations.
3983:Red Star Rising at Sea
3787:17 August 2000 at the
3638:Red Star Rising at Sea
2696:
2688:
2678:Coastal Defence Forces
2592:Numerous smaller units
2561:
2560:Soviet Marines uniform
2435:Grisha-class corvettes
2351:Kanin-class destroyers
2238:
2159:Bravo-class submarines
2153:India-class submarines
2141:Beluga-class submarine
2132:9 auxiliary submarines
2118:Tango-class submarines
2061:Akula-class submarines
2016:Oscar-class submarines
1957:
1853:, narrowly averted by
1828:Yankee-class submarine
1792:
1766:
1731:anti-shipping missiles
1579:
1553:
1419:
1340:
1198:
853:
552:uniform service branch
324:9 auxiliary submarines
4144:Flags & Streamers
4081:Warship International
4060:Warship International
3991:Warship International
2978:(from 27 April 1939).
2694:
2686:
2556:
2499:Soviet Naval Aviation
2493:Soviet Naval Aviation
2378:Krivak-class frigates
2249:-class battlecruisers
2230:
2165:Losos-class submarine
2112:Kilo-class submarines
2073:Alfa-class submarines
2034:Echo-class submarines
1951:
1846:Hotel-class submarine
1812:Oscar-class submarine
1790:
1759:Whiskey Twin Cylinder
1756:
1658:fighters, as well as
1559:
1538:
1531:Carriers and aviation
1417:
1393:Soviet Naval Aviation
1324:
1196:
1074:Technical Bureau Nº 4
868:(1917–1922), and the
858:Imperial Russian Navy
834:
796:Imperial Russian Navy
253:1,172 aircraft (1990)
4253:Red Banner Black Sea
4161:Russian Navy Weapons
4149:23 June 2022 at the
2792:-class landing ships
2459:-class landing ships
2396:Petya-class frigates
2390:Mirka-class frigates
2297:Kynda-class cruisers
2235:-class battlecruiser
2147:Lima-class submarine
2091:Yankee SSN submarine
1837:Mike-class submarine
1743:North Atlantic Ocean
1618:class also operated
1486:, like those of the
1410:Cold War (1945–1991)
1152:Operation Barbarossa
852:in October/November.
623:Leningrad Naval Base
341:Lun-class ekranoplan
3767:25 May 2013 at the
2841:, the 126th in the
2648:Landing at Moonsund
2402:Riga-class frigates
2384:Koni-class frigates
2279:Kara-class cruisers
2179:helicopter carriers
1918:battle off Abkhazia
1801:John Anthony Walker
1605:helicopter carriers
1369:in the Baltic Sea.
1339:, on 1 October 1945
1333:Soviet naval ensign
876:, some joined the "
870:Kronstadt rebellion
848:in the second 1917
660:Soviet Armed Forces
596:sphere of influence
556:Soviet Armed Forces
421:Great Patriotic War
354:Soviet Armed Forces
265:helicopter carriers
109:of the Soviet Union
4229:
4017:Bellona Foundation
3693:army.armor.kiev.ua
3523:SOE CDB ME "Rubin"
2992:(to January 1947),
2845:and seemingly the
2779:By the end of the
2697:
2689:
2663:amphibious warfare
2579:40 naval infantry
2562:
2239:
1958:
1814:, as well as many
1793:
1767:
1580:
1554:
1548:, and the rest of
1509:) operated in the
1420:
1341:
1305:United States Navy
1234:22 patrol vessels,
1231:269 torpedo boats,
1199:
1093:-class battleships
1010:Alexander Kerensky
1006:October Revolution
949:When the opposing
903:coast and entered
854:
850:Russian Revolution
846:Alexander Kerensky
816:post-Soviet states
808:Russian Federation
709:Air Defence Forces
568:strategic planning
402:Invasion of Poland
377:Russian Revolution
250:1,057 ships (1990)
4330:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4289:Mediterranean Sea
4134:Soviet Submarines
3964:Goldstein, Lyle;
3864:978-1-61251-897-8
3491:978-1-000-30934-8
3454:978-1-68247-332-0
3386:
3360:
3338:
3326:
2787:, as well as two
2644:Caucasus Campaign
2642:, one during the
2595:1 division – the
2505:Russian Civil War
2339:-class destroyers
2330:-class destroyers
2175:aircraft carriers
1816:ballistic missile
1727:Tu-22M 'Backfire'
1710:strategic bombers
1635:Project 1153 Orel
1584:aircraft carriers
1564:Admiral Kuznetsov
1511:Mediterranean Sea
1448:
1436:
1242:submarine chasers
970:Mediterranean Sea
932:Russian Civil War
866:Russian Civil War
800:Russian Civil War
792:
791:
651:Coastal Artillery
639:Mediterranean Sea
538:
537:
477:Nikolay Kuznetsov
397:Spanish Civil War
387:Polish–Soviet War
382:Russian Civil War
258:aircraft carriers
79:
78:
71:
4380:
4353:Disbanded navies
4226:
4225:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4189:
4188:
4096:
4075:
4006:
3978:. ISSN 0140-2390
3941:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3919:
3916:
3910:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3885:. 29 August 1976
3875:
3869:
3868:
3850:
3844:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3804:
3798:
3778:
3772:
3758:
3752:
3749:Soviet War Power
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3718:
3701:
3700:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3658:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3634:
3625:
3618:
3612:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3539:
3533:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3483:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3446:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3409:
3392:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3325:romanized:
3324:
3322:
3317:
2747:(Northern Fleet)
2589:(Guards) status.
1929:Azerbaijani Navy
1650:, which carries
1546:aviation cruiser
1443:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1237:88 minesweepers,
964:straits and the
938:forces captured
784:
777:
770:
670:
656:
655:
627:Caspian Flotilla
594:to maintain its
592:power projection
534:
522:
483:Aleksandr Nemits
189:
187:
186:
174:
172:
171:
164:
159:
157:
156:
140:
138:
125:
123:
104:
95:
94:
83:
82:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4307:
4293:
4279:
4270:
4266:Soviet Far East
4256:
4247:
4238:
4219:
4216:
4168:Wayback Machine
4156:Warship Listing
4151:Wayback Machine
4120:
3966:John Hattendorf
3950:
3945:
3944:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3922:
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3832:Norman Polmar,
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3789:Wayback Machine
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3769:Wayback Machine
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2773:Black Sea Fleet
2551:
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2501:
2495:
2306:-class cruisers
2273:-class cruisers
1946:
1903:Lithuanian Navy
1882:
1778:Sergey Gorshkov
1773:
1751:
1682:in 2012 as the
1628:Yak-38 'Forger'
1533:
1412:
1367:Axis navigation
1296:Royal Sovereign
1228:218 submarines,
1141:
1133:Main articles:
1131:
1097:German invasion
1082:Baltic Shipyard
1058:
958:Wrangel's fleet
897:Imperial German
829:
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471:Sergey Gorshkov
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4118:External links
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4066:(3): 191–256.
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2811:merchant fleet
2798:. (One of the
2777:
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2741:
2738:Northern Fleet
2727:
2605:Naval Infantry
2601:
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2593:
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2549:Soviet marines
2547:Main article:
2544:
2543:Soviet Marines
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2529:Northern Dvina
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1991:
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1969:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1925:
1910:Ukrainian Navy
1906:
1881:
1878:
1859:nuclear safety
1810:, such as the
1750:
1747:
1723:Tu-16 'Badger'
1532:
1529:
1522:-class cruiser
1411:
1408:
1363:anti-submarine
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1205:3 battleships,
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1057:
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942:, the British
917:Vladimir Lenin
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588:western Europe
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3484:. Routledge.
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2785:landing ships
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2724:Pacific Fleet
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2709:
2707:
2703:
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2667:combined arms
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2017:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1990:
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1984:
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1974:
1973:
1972:
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1967:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1950:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:Caspian Sea:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1914:Georgian Navy
1911:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1895:Estonian Navy
1892:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1857:. Inadequate
1856:
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1662:helicopters.
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1480:missile boats
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1459:
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1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:, long-range
1398:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:Axis aviation
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:Junkers Ju 87
1356:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1331:hoisting the
1330:
1327:
1326:Pacific Fleet
1323:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:
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1224:
1222:
1221:Soobrazitelny
1217:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1188:anti-aircraft
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1177:
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929:
928:Western Front
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822:Early history
819:
817:
813:
809:
806:in 1991, the
805:
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683:General Staff
681:
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589:
585:
581:
578:, during the
577:
576:United States
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
550:
549:naval warfare
546:
540:Military unit
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
502:
501:Ivan Yumashev
498:
496:
492:
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487:Vice Admiral
486:
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481:Vice Admiral
480:
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42:
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35:
30:
21:
20:
4313:17th Eskadra
4311:
4303:Indian Ocean
4297:
4283:
4274:
4260:
4251:
4242:
4233:
4124:Russian Navy
4100:
4084:
4080:
4063:
4059:
4051:
4034:
4031:Oberg, James
4011:
3994:
3990:
3982:
3973:
3958:
3948:Bibliography
3940:posthumous).
3935:
3914:
3903:
3899:
3887:. Retrieved
3873:
3854:
3848:
3833:
3816:
3812:
3802:
3792:
3776:
3756:
3748:
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3726:
3692:
3683:
3672:30 September
3670:. Retrieved
3656:
3649:
3645:
3637:
3621:
3616:
3608:
3603:
3586:
3582:
3572:
3550:(2): 65–82.
3547:
3543:
3537:
3507:
3477:
3470:
3458:. Retrieved
3440:
3433:
3421:. Retrieved
3407:
3370:
3363:Krasnyi flot
3351:Красный флот
3344:
3315:
3237:
3236:
3224:
3223:
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3195:
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2902:
2878:
2877:
2863:
2859:
2819:
2814:
2804:
2799:
2789:
2778:
2759:Baltic Fleet
2710:
2698:
2675:
2660:
2637:
2629:Novorossiysk
2602:
2585:
2570:Baltic fleet
2566:World War II
2563:
2558:World War II
2537:
2502:
2487:patrol boats
2456:
2336:
2327:
2303:
2270:
2246:
2232:
2208:
2199:
2190:
1959:
1937:Turkmen Navy
1899:Latvian Navy
1893:Baltic Sea:
1883:
1872:
1862:
1849:
1839:
1831:
1820:
1805:
1794:
1782:
1774:
1713:
1707:
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1684:
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1615:
1609:
1599:
1596:
1581:
1574:
1563:
1540:
1524:
1519:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1473:
1469:Nazi Germany
1462:Kriegsmarine
1461:
1458:World War II
1455:
1451:supply lines
1421:
1405:
1401:flying boats
1390:
1381:
1371:
1353:
1342:
1315:
1310:
1300:
1295:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1225:destroyers),
1220:
1213:
1200:
1172:Novorossiysk
1149:
1142:
1120:
1108:minesweepers
1104:Baltic Fleet
1101:
1090:
1086:
1078:B.M. Malinin
1073:
1067:
1059:
1042:
1033:
1023:" by a 1918
1020:
1018:
1002:Leon Trotsky
992:
986:
982:North Africa
948:
921:
913:Novorossiysk
882:
855:
836:
812:Russian Navy
802:. After the
793:
718:
635:5th Squadron
604:
564:Soviet Union
559:
544:
542:
417:World War II
363:
350:Part of
335:patrol boats
211:(until 1990)
181:
176:Soviet Union
161:Russian SFSR
107:Naval ensign
80:
65:
56:
37:
4343:Soviet Navy
3909:, pp. 30–31
2720:Vladivostok
2706:Soviet Army
2531:and on the
2328:Sovremennyy
1933:Kazakh Navy
1908:Black Sea:
1855:her captain
1841:Komsomolets
1741:across the
1397:floatplanes
1378:Axis armies
1337:Port Arthur
1301:Arkhangelsk
1292:battleship
1145:Great Purge
1027:of the new
1004:during the
962:Dardanelles
862:World War I
798:during the
701:Soviet Army
631:Caspian Sea
545:Soviet Navy
432:Vietnam War
370:Engagements
360:Nickname(s)
223:(1991–1992)
217:(1990–1991)
194:(1991–1992)
178:(1922–1991)
163:(1918–1922)
86:Soviet Navy
51:introducing
4337:Categories
4105:. Harper.
3589:(4): 848.
3399:References
2790:Ivan Rogov
2769:Sevastopol
2625:Stalingrad
2621:Sevastopol
2533:Lake Onega
2525:Kama River
2513:Baltic Sea
2457:Ivan Rogov
2316:destroyers
1884:After the
1880:Transition
1835:, and the
1769:See also:
1749:Submarines
1622:aircraft (
1303:) and the
1290:Royal Navy
1286:Lend-Lease
1208:7 cruisers
1168:Stalingrad
1164:Sevastopol
1123:Winter War
1045:Baltic Sea
976:in French
966:Aegean Sea
954:White Army
944:Royal Navy
919:'s order.
909:Sevastopol
874:Red Terror
714:Air Forces
675:Components
649:, and the
572:superpower
515:Naval jack
463:commanders
456:Commanders
407:Winter War
284:destroyers
202:Allegiance
137:1992-02-14
34:references
4317:Indochina
4139:Red Fleet
4093:0043-0374
4072:0043-0374
4003:0043-0374
3678:reference
3564:143506251
3423:9 January
3383:romanized
3357:romanized
3319:Russian:
2849:with the
2650:, in the
2613:Leningrad
2517:Black Sea
2511:, on the
2509:Petrograd
2412:corvettes
2191:Kuznetsov
1944:Inventory
1871:USS
1703:Kuznetsov
1698:Ulyanovsk
1693:Kuznetsov
1592:U.S. Navy
1573:USS
1550:her class
1515:Black Sea
1433:romanized
1349:Kronstadt
1314:(renamed
1311:Milwaukee
1309:USS
1299:(renamed
1294:HMS
1278:Nikolayev
1274:Leningrad
1184:Kronstadt
1180:Leningrad
1068:Dekabrist
1050:Black Sea
901:Black Sea
893:Bolshevik
885:Black Sea
637:, in the
615:Black Sea
560:Red Fleet
364:Red Fleet
296:corvettes
130:Disbanded
59:July 2020
4164:Archived
4147:Archived
4033:(1988).
3785:Archived
3765:Archived
3733:23 April
3697:Archived
3666:Archived
3595:40107569
3526:Archived
3515:Archived
3460:31 March
3417:Archived
3275:See also
2995:Admiral
2974:Admiral
2835:Klaipėda
2824:and the
2781:Cold War
2755:Baltiysk
2734:Pechenga
2581:brigades
2367:frigates
2304:Sverdlov
2259:cruisers
1924:in 2014.
1685:Liaoning
1520:Sverdlov
1476:missiles
1316:Murmansk
1307:cruiser
1263:Tashkent
1156:Red Army
1116:Polyarny
1112:Kola Bay
936:Red Army
842:mutinied
696:Red Army
607:Northern
580:Cold War
547:was the
510:Insignia
499:Admiral
442:Cold War
290:frigates
278:cruisers
3889:2 April
3819:(1): 9.
3337:
2837:in the
2815:Morflot
2745:Tumanny
2564:During
1821:Typhoon
1761:-class
1720:Tupolev
1676:Ukraine
1643:Tbilisi
1578:in 1991
1525:Zhdanov
1465:designs
1460:German
1447:
1435::
1424:Russian
1386:convoys
1345:Tallinn
1043:In the
989:cruiser
980:on the
978:Tunisia
974:Bizerta
968:to the
951:Czarist
926:on the
611:Pacific
554:of the
461:Notable
411:Finland
145:Country
135: (
120: (
115:Founded
47:improve
4109:
4091:
4070:
4043:
4023:
4001:
3861:
3840:
3593:
3562:
3488:
3451:
2826:Vienna
2652:Baltic
2631:, and
2617:Odessa
2609:Moscow
2586:Gvardy
2523:, the
2519:, the
2515:, the
2337:Udaloy
2209:Moskva
1668:Varyag
1656:MiG-29
1626:, the
1620:V/STOL
1602:-class
1600:Moskva
1269:Lützow
1223:-class
1216:-class
1214:Gnevny
1178:, and
1176:Tuapse
1160:Odessa
1025:decree
993:Aurora
940:Crimea
905:Crimea
891:. The
889:Baltic
837:Aurora
619:Baltic
617:, and
574:, the
267:(1990)
260:(1990)
188:
173:
158:
36:, but
4064:XLVII
3995:XXVII
3591:JSTOR
3560:S2CID
3307:Notes
2800:Rogov
2767:, at
2718:, at
2633:Kerch
2521:Volga
2485:≈425
2271:Slava
2247:Kirov
2233:Kirov
1832:K-219
1823:class
1797:sonar
1660:Ka-27
1612:class
1569:Italy
1544:, an
1495:Slava
1489:Kirov
1382:Novik
1354:Marat
1282:mines
1257:Novik
1070:class
934:when
878:White
4107:ISBN
4089:ISSN
4085:XLIX
4068:ISSN
4041:ISBN
4021:ISBN
3999:ISSN
3905:IISS
3891:2010
3859:ISBN
3838:ISBN
3735:2013
3674:2006
3486:ISBN
3462:2020
3449:ISBN
3425:2021
3335:lit.
2855:NATO
2410:124
2365:113
2200:Kiev
1952:The
1935:and
1912:and
1901:and
1873:Voge
1867:Echo
1863:K-22
1850:K-19
1735:NATO
1725:and
1654:and
1624:e.g.
1616:Kiev
1610:Kiev
1575:Deyo
1560:The
1541:Kiev
1501:The
1492:and
1445:lit.
1276:and
1218:and
1137:and
1114:and
1014:Czar
1000:and
883:The
719:Navy
543:The
333:425
294:124
288:113
241:Size
235:Navy
231:Type
122:1918
118:1918
3552:doi
2833:at
2831:3rd
2753:at
2732:at
2469:14
2463:19
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2433:78
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