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continue the war. The
Rhodesian military had much difficulty in replacing men killed or wounded in the war, and by 1977 the Rhodesian security forces had been pushed to their breaking point by manpower shortages. By 1977, the Rhodesian security forces were on the defensive and had been forced to cede control of vast areas of rural Rhodesia to the ZIPRA and ZANLA guerrillas, owing to manpower shortages. Rhodesia was trapped in a vicious circle, as the Rhodesian forces lost of control more of the countryside, and more whites chose to leave. As the "white flight" continued, the more the Rhodesians continued to lose.
1383:
326:, which approvingly published an excerpt from a letter written by Corey shortly before his death, where he declared: "Since coming to Rhodesia, I have often heard people remark that it's "inevitable" for this country and all of southern Africa to follow the 'winds of change' and go the same way as the other former colonies to the north. This is rubbish and only indicates a lack of fighting spirit, guts and the will to rule a civilization built by better men".
31:
435:
the United States. Brown said of the
Contras "these people had no military training at all" and stated his mission "could hardly be called a resounding success" as all of the Contras he had trained as spies were captured by the Sandinistas and executed. The Contra war in Nicaragua was covered extensively in
321:
The quality of recruits that came to
Rhodesia varied widely. Some such as L.H. "Mike" Williams and Michael Pierce, both veterans of the U.S. Army who had fought in Vietnam, had successful careers in the Rhodesian Army. One of the first Americans to go to Rhodesia was John Alan Corey, a veteran of the
281:
During the Bush War, about 13,395 whites left
Rhodesia annually, which were losses that Rhodesia could ill afford, given the small number of whites compared to blacks. The white flight caused by the Bush War led to the Rhodesian Army having significant problems in maintaining enough white soldiers to
163:
In May 2022, Brown wrote: "I am passing the torch to journalist and author Susan Katz
Keating, who has contributed to SOF and has been a friend to the magazine since the early 1980s." He noted: "I am convinced that Susan has the passion and is well prepared to carry on the legacy of the last 47 years
430:
to recruit
Americans who as private citizens would train and arm the Contras. The assignment was meant to provide the Reagan administration with the necessary "plausible deniability" that it was not attempting to circumvent Congress, which had banned assistance to the Contras. Singlaub retired from
317:
depicted
Rhodesia as a paradise where women and black people still knew their place, as the articles urged their readers to enlist in the Rhodesian Army in order to defend Rhodesia against the black guerrillas. One story about Rhodesia stated: "What we have here is an ideal core of white people who
434:
Brown accepted the assignment and recruited several of the mercenaries he recruited to fight for
Rhodesia in the 1970s to go with him to Honduras to train the Contras. Brown and his assorted mercenaries went to Camp Las Vegas on the Nicaraguan-Honduran border, along with a consignment of arms from
398:
that forms one of the main routes into
Afghanistan along the Afghan-Pakistani border was described being full of Americans who were "Walter Mitty types" who talked loudly of coming into Afghanistan. All of the available evidence suggests that only a small number of the American volunteers actually
454:
In the online magazine, publisher
Keating revived original reporting, and sent correspondents into the field in Ukraine, Serbia, Israel, and along the southern U.S. border with Mexico. She introduced a new section entitled The Fire Pit, where readers submit personal stories of war and adventure.
334:
system was doomed. The majority of the Americans who went to Rhodesia were not veterans of the Vietnam war nor had they served in the U.S. military. The majority of men who had never seen war before flinched in the face of its horrors and chose to desert. One article in
257:
describing with great relish how a mere handful of white mercenaries could almost effortlessly defeat hordes of black guerrillas were thinly veiled racist fantasies that were meant to establish the superiority of white men over black men. Likewise, the stories in
455:
Among those whose stories appear in the section are Gen.(Ret) Scott Miller, formerly the four-star general in charge of U.S. forces in Afghanistan and Jan Scruggs, founder of the Vietnam Memorial Wall, along with numerous warfighters and veterans.
309:
urging white American men to come to fight for Rhodesia, writing that: "Rhodesia has many things to offer. Good Rhodesian beer, a friendly populace, and what I would describe as a free and easy, unhurried way of life, lots of wide open spaces".
339:
in 1979 complained: "The majority found the routine too rough to last more than a few months. The desertion rate among the American citizens who have joined the Rhodesian Army over the last two years is estimated to run at about 80 percent".
278:(ZANLA). A major problem for Rhodesia was the black population vastly outnumbered the white population. Most of the white population of Rhodesia had only arrived in the years 1955–1960, meaning their roots in Rhodesia were not that deep.
518:
magazine that read: "GUN FOR HIRE." Braun's sons filed a civil lawsuit against the magazine, and a jury found in their favor, awarding them $ 12.37 million in damages, which the judge later reduced to $ 4.37 million. In 1992, the
329:
The reference to the "winds of change" in Corey's letter was to a 1960 speech given by the British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in South Africa, where he stated that a "wind of change" was sweeping across Africa and that the
269:
glorified Rhodesia as a place where it was still possible to "Be a Man Among Men". From 1972 onward, the white supremacist government of Rhodesia was engaged in a war against the black guerrillas of the Soviet-backed
285:
Unlike South Africa whose white population was both larger and longer established, Rhodesia was highly dependent upon recruiting white men from aboard to replace its losses in the war. Brown was inspired to found
494:
On February 20, 1985, John Wayne Hearn shot and killed Sandra Black for a $ 10,000 payment from her husband, Robert Vannoy Black Jr. Black connected with Hearn through a classified advertisement published in
513:
In 1989, four men were convicted of conspiracy to murder in the 1985 contract killing of Richard Braun of Atlanta, Georgia. The killers were hired through a classified services advertisement published in
458:
The magazine gained publicity in July 2023 when Keating published her investigative series on the cocaine packet that was discovered inside the Biden White House. The articles were picked up by
451:
was the final print edition. Further editions have been published online. The magazine is published by Soldier of Fortune LLC, owned by Susan Katz Keating, and is based in Tampa, Florida.
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The jury found the defendants grossly negligent in publishing Hearn's ad for implicit illegal activity (murder) and awarded the plaintiffs $ 9.5 million in damages. In 1990, the
483:
under Robert K. Brown was sued in civil court several times for having published classified advertisements by private "guns for hire." In 1987, Norman Norwood of Arkansas sued
439:
in the 1980s, but Brown did not mention that he had been hired to train the Contras and instead presented himself and the other mercenaries as journalists covering the war.
1240:"Magazine Held Responsible for Ad That Led to Slaying : Publishing: Justices let stand the $ 4.3-million award against Soldier of Fortune for a 'Gun for Hire' listing"
499:, wherein Hearn solicited "high-risk assignments. U.S. or overseas." In 1989, Sandra Black's son Gary and her mother Marjorie Eimann filed a wrongful-death lawsuit against
471:
Keating was featured in a profile in The New Yorker Magazine, in an article that appeared online on September 2, 2024, and in print in the issue dated September 12, 2024.
431:
the U.S. Army in 1979, but he was working unofficially for the National Security Council in the 1980s, which he bombarded with various plans to overthrow the Sandinistas.
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Vietnam war who joined the Rhodesian Light Infantry Regiment and who was killed in action in July 1975. Corey was celebrated as a martyr for freedom in an article in
1408:
418:, in part due to geographical proximity, and because the Central Intelligence Agency was more encouraging of American volunteers for the Contras. At a time when the
1403:
520:
1433:
1141:"White House Cocaine Culprit ID'd as 'Someone in the Biden Family Orbit,' Top Security Reporter Sensationally Claims — But Also Declares: 'It Wasn't Hunter'"
507:
313:
As a further inducement, Lamprecht promised that it would be easy for single white men to find a suitable wife in Rhodesia. The stories about Rhodesia in
301:
as a forum to recruit soldiers for Rhodesia. Brown worked closely with the chief recruiting officer of the Rhodesian Army, Major Nick Lamprecht, on using
379:
was published by the Omega Group Ltd., in Boulder, Colorado. At the height of its circulation in the early 1980s the magazine had 190,000 subscribers.
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as due to a white male backlash against the rise of feminism and the rise of civil rights movement, as he noted that the majority of the readers of
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upheld the judgment of the jury, saying "the publisher could recognize the offer of criminal activity as readily as its readers did." In 1993, the
510:
reversed the verdict, saying that the standard of conduct imposed upon the magazine was too high because the advertisement was ambiguously worded.
294:, which despite its name was the police force of Rhodesia, who told him that Rhodesia was losing the war because of a shortage of white manpower.
191:. After retiring from active duty, Brown began publishing a “circular”, magazine-type publication with few pages which contained information on
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of SOF magazine. She is a strong supporter of the military and a patriotic American. She now is the publisher of Soldier of Fortune Magazine."
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allowed the judgment to stand when it refused to hear the case. The magazine subsequently suspended publication of classified advertisements.
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in 1975 after a visit to Rhodesia, where an American friend, a veteran of the Vietnam war who was now serving the para-military
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was ostensibly intended for mercenaries and "professional adventurers", but Brown admitted that the majority of the readers of
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attempt by two men hired via a "Gun for Hire" advertisement in the magazine. The magazine settled the lawsuit out of court.
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crossed the border, and of those who crossed the frontier, an even a smaller number survived Afghanistan and returned.
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156:. In May 2022, author, editor, and security journalist Susan Katz Keating bought the publication from the founder,
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Brownell, Josiah (September 2008). "The Hole in Rhodesia's Bucket: White Emigration and the End of Settler Rule".
1038:
The Internet Claims Another Victim – ‘Soldier of Fortune’ Magazine To Cease Hard Copy Publication, Go Digital Only
629:
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magazine and its parent publishing company Omega Group Ltd., seeking $ 21 million in redress of their grievance.
1094:"Creating The Vietnam Wall Was 'a Minor Miracle': Jan Scruggs Credits Veterans for Building Their Own Memorial"
905:
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were white men who resented feminists and "uppity" non-white people, especially Afro-Americans. The stories in
1198:
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In 2022, publisher Keating affirmed that under her watch, the magazine would not publish such advertisements.
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was selling 120,000 copies per month, making it into one of the most popular American magazines of the 1970s.
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are able to raise the standards of living among the Africans. Without us, conditions will decline rapidly".
204:
524:
291:
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1080:"General (Ret) Scott Miller: In the Battle of Mogadishu, We Had Extreme Trust in One Another Amid Chaos"
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Burke described Brown as a "passionate supporter" of the white supremacist government of Rhodesia, and
1303:
Revolutionaries for the Right Anticommunist Internationalism and Paramilitary Warfare in the Cold War
219:
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132:, is a daily web magazine co-owned and published by Susan Katz Keating. It began as a monthly U.S.
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https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/09/09/the-magazine-for-mercenaries-enters-polite-society
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market", referring to weak, insecure men who merely fantasized about being macho mercenaries.
645:"Soldier of Fortune Founder Robert K. Brown Passes the Torch to New Publisher After 47 Years"
141:
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published from 1975 to 2016 as a magazine devoted to worldwide reporting of wars, including
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In the late 1970s and the 1980s, the success and popularity of a military magazine such as
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211:. Brown's small circular soon evolved into a glossy, large-format, full-color magazine.
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to recruit white American men for the Rhodesian Army. Lamprecht wrote in an article in
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celebrated the machismo and womanizing of the mercenary sub-culture as the male ideal.
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was in effect, which banned American assistance to the Contras, in May 1985 General
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1341:"Millennialism in the Mass Media: The Case of 'Soldier of Fortune' Magazine."
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James Taulbee, "Soldiers of fortune: A legal leash for the dogs of war?",
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1066:"The Fire Pit: New Section Featuring Stories of Fortune, Lore, and More"
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671:"A Message From SOF Publisher SKK: A Tribute to RKB, and Looking Ahead"
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Brown was well aware that Rhodesia was losing the Bush War and used
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In 2018, American historian Kyle Burke described the popularity of
916:. Retrieved September 24, 2011. "2135 11th St. Boulder, CO 80303"
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1013:"Soldier of Fortune magazine to stop publishing after 40 years"
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Susan Katz Keating, editor and publisher, as of March 30, 2022.
1267:"Jurors trying to decide whether Soldier of Fortune should..."
1160:"White House cocaine belonged to 'Biden family orbit': report"
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was its recruitment of foreign nationals to serve in the
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Soldier of Fortune Magazine Held Liable for Killer's Ad
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United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
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United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
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1348:, Vol. 31, No. 4, December 1992, pp. 408–424.
1305:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
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406:was its efforts to promote Americans to assist the
347:led to the proliferation of like magazines such as
1126:"White House Cocaine Probe: Questions for the FBI"
487:magazine because of injuries he suffered during a
1429:Military magazines published in the United States
1185:Award in Case of Killer Hired by Ad Is Overturned
738:, 1475-1801, Volume 1, Issue 3, 1985, pp. 187–203
539:Jim Graves, former managing editor and columnist.
152:. It was published by Omega Group Ltd., based in
1409:Monthly magazines published in the United States
1390:
390:, but few relatively actually went. The city of
386:ran ads promising to take Americans to fight in
1404:Online magazines published in the United States
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1199:"Transcript of the Fifth Circuit's decision in
925:Meany, Thomas (August 1, 2019) "White Power."
1434:Online magazines with defunct print editions
1345:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
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276:Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army
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214:Significant to the early development of
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1188:, Associated Press, August 18, 1989
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1228:, New York Times, August 19, 1992
175:magazine was founded in 1975, by
1265:Clausing, Jeri (March 2, 1988).
1139:Johnson, Aaron (July 22, 2023).
631:Omega First Amendment Legal Fund
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1439:Mass media in Boulder, Colorado
1419:Magazines published in Colorado
1399:1975 establishments in Colorado
1320:Charm, Robert (March 3, 1981).
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1158:King, Ryan (August 8, 2023).
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525:United States Supreme Court
369:Special Weapons and Tactics
292:British South Africa Police
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1043:. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
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220:Rhodesian Security Forces
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447:The April 2016 issue of
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479:During the late 1980s,
475:"Gun for Hire" lawsuits
426:recruited Brown to use
929:Vol 41, No 15. Page 5.
703:June 10, 2008, at the
587:Acting Leading Seaman
561:David "Hack" Hackworth
468:, and other outlets.
142:low-intensity warfare
1301:Burke, Kyle (2018).
1096:. November 11, 2023.
1082:. November 11, 2023.
547:Notable contributors
402:More successful for
226:(1964–79). By 1976,
209:communist insurgency
138:conventional warfare
35:September 1995 cover
568:Robert C. MacKenzie
207:and was battling a
199:, where the Sultan
25:
1326:The Boston Phoenix
1222:Smothers, Ronald,
987:, p. 144-145.
975:, p. 143-144.
914:Soldier of Fortune
908:2011-09-30 at the
861:, p. 108-109.
837:, p. 601-602.
782:, p. 109-112.
770:, p. 109-110.
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404:Soldier of Fortune
384:Soldier of Fortune
365:Combat Illustrated
337:Soldier of Fortune
324:Soldier of Fortune
315:Soldier of Fortune
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251:Soldier of Fortune
247:Soldier of Fortune
236:Soldier of Fortune
232:Soldier of Fortune
228:Soldier of Fortune
224:Rhodesian Bush War
205:deposed his father
177:Lieutenant Colonel
173:Soldier of Fortune
146:counter-insurgency
117:Soldier of Fortune
70:Soldier of Fortune
54:Daily web magazine
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181:U.S. Army Reserve
154:Boulder, Colorado
150:counter-terrorism
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