5764:. Marx described the Paris Commune as the prototype for a revolutionary government of the future, "the form at last discovered" for the emancipation of the proletariat. Engels noted that "all officials, high or low, were paid only the wages received by other workers. In this way, an effective barrier to place-hunting and careerism was set up". Commenting on the nature of the state, Engels continued: "From the outset, the Commune was compelled to recognize that the working class, once come to power, could not manage with the old state machine". In order not to be overthrown once having conquered power, Engels argues that the working class "must, on the one hand, do away with all the old repressive machinery previously used against it itself, and, on the other, safeguard itself against its own deputies and officials, by declaring them all, without exception, subject to recall at any moment". Engels argued such a state would be a temporary affair and suggested a new generation brought up in "new and free social conditions" will be able to "throw the entire lumber of the state on the scrap-heap".
7133:. "The scholars in camp of democratic socialism believe that China should draw on the Sweden experience, which is suitable not only for the West but also for China. In the post-Mao China, the Chinese intellectuals are confronted with a variety of models. The liberals favor the American model and share the view that the Soviet model has become archaic and should be totally abandoned. Meanwhile, democratic socialism in Sweden provided an alternative model. Its sustained economic development and extensive welfare programs fascinated many. Numerous scholars within the democratic socialist camp argue that China should model itself politically and economically on Sweden, which is viewed as more genuinely socialist than China. There is a growing consensus among them that in the Nordic countries the welfare state has been extraordinarily successful in eliminating poverty."
5745:
would be concerned with directing processes of production in a socialist society, essentially ceasing to be a state. Although Marx never referred to a socialist state, he argued that the working class would have to take control of the state apparatus and machinery of government in order to transition out of capitalism and to socialism. The dictatorship of the proletariat would represent this transitional state and would involve working class interests dominating government policy in the same manner that capitalist class interests dominate government policy under capitalism (the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie). Engels argued that as socialism developed, the state would change in form and function. Under socialism, it is not a "government of people, but the administration of things", thereby ceasing to be a state by the traditional definition. With the fall of the
6692:(1 January 1987): "Liberty, justice, respect for the dignity of the human person, political and social pluralism, the recognition of the distinct identity of the indigenous peoples and those of African descent within the framework of a unitary and indivisible state, the recognition of different forms of property, free international cooperation and respect for the free self-determination of peoples, Christian values, socialist ideals, and practices based on solidarity, and the values and ideals of the Nicaraguan culture and identity, are the principles of the Nicaraguan nation. The socialist ideals promote the common good over individual egoism, seeking to create an ever more inclusive, just and fair society, promoting an economic democracy which redistributes national wealth and eliminates exploitation among human beings".
6244:—were characterized by the gradual absence of money, the market, and so on, the difference between them being that earlier in the first stage, a system of rationing would be used to allocate goods to people, while in communism this could be abandoned in favour of full free access. This view distinguished Bordiga from Marxist–Leninists, who tended, and still tend, to telescope the first two stages and so have money and the other exchange categories surviving into socialism. But Bordiga would have none of this. For him, no society in which money, buying and selling, and the rest survived could be regarded as either socialist or communist—these exchange categories would die out before the socialist rather than the communist stage was reached. Stalin made the claim that the
2515:, the political perspective that the working class needs to use state power and government policy to establish a socialised economic system. The term can vary in its use from meaning a political system to adopting terms of a welfare state. This may either mean a system where the means of production, distribution, and exchange are nationalised or under state ownership, or simply a system in which social values or workers' interests have economic priority. However, the concept of a socialist state is mainly advocated by Marxist–Leninists and most socialist states have been established by political parties adhering to Marxism–Leninism or some national variation thereof such as
5944:
8584:(4): 116–122. "Trotsky argues that the Soviet Union was, at that time, a "deformed workers' state" or degenerated workers' state, and not a socialist republic or state, because the "bureaucracy wrested the power from the hands of mass organizations," thereby necessitating only political revolution rather than a completely new social revolution, for workers' political control (i.e. state democracy) to be reclaimed. He argued that it remained, at base, a workers' state because the capitalists and landlords had been expropriated". Retrieved 27 December 2019.
5908:" as strong centralized control progressively reduces as local communities gain more empowerment. As he put it succinctly, "o long as the state exists, there is no freedom. When there will be freedom, there will be no state". In this way, Lenin was thereby proposing a classically dynamic view of progressive social structure which, during his own short period of governance, emerged as a defensive and preliminary bureaucratic centralist stage. He regarded this structural paradox as the necessary preparation for and antithesis of the desired
5921:
5756:
division of labor originates from the days of absolute monarchy, serving nascent middle class society as a mighty weapon in its struggle against feudalism". In other words, "the centralized state power inherited by the bourgeoisie from the absolute monarchy necessarily assumes, in the course of the intensifying struggles between capital and labor, 'more and more the character of the national power of capital over labour, of a public organized for social enslavement, of an engine of class despotism'".
6627:(28 November 1996): "Gathered in the national movement and later within the National Front of Liberation, the Algerian people have made great sacrifices to assume their collective destiny in the framework of recovered freedom and cultural identity and to build authentic people's democratic constitutional institutions. The National Front of Liberation crowned the sacrifices of the best sons of Algeria during the people's war of liberation with independence and built a modern and full sovereign State".
6402:
5429:
1514:
6289:, Lenin did not call the Soviet Union a socialist state, nor did he claim that it had achieved socialism. He adopted state capitalist policies, defending them from left-wing criticism, but arguing that they were necessary for the future development of socialism and not socialist in themselves. On seeing the Soviet Union's growing coercive power, Lenin was quoted as saying that Russia had reverted to "a bourgeois tsarist machine barely varnished with socialism".
6416:
5441:
3853:
2348:
6326:, also reject the concept of a socialist state for being antithetical to socialism, but they believe that socialism can only be established through revolution and dissolving the existence of the state. Within the socialist movement, there is criticism towards the use of the term socialist states in relation to countries such as China and previously of Soviet Union and Eastern and Central European states before what some term the "collapse of
4055:
68:
9255:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 10 February 2020. "State capitalism would be a step forward as compared with the present state of affairs in our Soviet Republic. If in approximately six months' time state capitalism became established in our Republic, this would be a great success and a sure guarantee that within a year socialism will have gained a permanently firm hold and will have become invincible in this country."
3839:
6430:
5453:
3867:
1526:
1497:
9209:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 10 February 2020. "No one, I think, in studying the question of the economic system of Russia, has denied its transitional character. Nor, I think, has any Communist denied that the term Soviet Socialist Republic implies the determination of the Soviet power to achieve the transition to socialism, and not that the existing economic system is recognised as a socialist order."
2979:
7107:, sometimes referred to as democratic socialism—an economic and political system that combines private ownership of some of the means of production, governmental distribution of some essential goods and services, and free elections. For example, government ownership in Sweden is limited primarily to railroads, mineral resources, a public bank, and liquor and tobacco operations."
5643:(although they do not use this term to refer to themselves), despite the fact that these countries never claimed to have achieved communism in their countries—rather, they claim to be building and working toward the establishment of socialism and the development towards communism thereafter in their countries. Terms used by communist states include
6640:(4 November 1972): "Further pledging that it shall be a fundamental aim of the State to realise through the democratic process, a socialist society free from exploitation, a society in which the rule of law, fundamental human rights and freedoms, equality and justice, political, economic and social, will be secured for all citizens".
8951:
According to nineteenth-century socialist views, socialism would function without capitalist economic categories, such as money, prices, interest, profits and rent. Rather, it would function according to laws other than those described by current economic science. While some socialists recognized the
7413:
From the
Preamble: "On 2 July 1976, the National Assembly of reunified Vietnam decided to change the country's name to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; the country entered a period of transition to socialism, strove for national construction, and unyieldingly defended its frontiers while fulfilling
6297:
A variety of non-state, libertarian communist and socialist positions reject the concept of a socialist state altogether, believing that the modern state is a byproduct of capitalism and cannot be used for the establishment of a socialist system. They reason that a socialist state is antithetical to
5812:
In depicting the most general phases of the development of the proletariat, we traced the more or less veiled civil war, raging within existing society, up to the point where that war breaks out into open revolution, and where the violent overthrow of the bourgeoisie lays the foundation for the sway
8836:
By 1888, the term 'socialism' was in general use among
Marxists, who had dropped 'communism', now considered an old fashioned term meaning the same as 'socialism'. At the turn of the century, Marxists called themselves socialists. The definition of socialism and communism as successive stages was
8337:
In 1816, he declares that politics is the science of production, and foretells the complete absorption of politics by economics. The knowledge that economic conditions are the basis of political institutions appears here only in embryo. Yet what is here already very plainly expressed is the idea of
7434:
From
Article 5: "The Communist Party of Cuba, a follower of Martí's ideas and of Marxism–Leninism, and the organized vanguard of the Cuban nation, is the highest leading force of society and of the state, which organizes and guides the common effort toward the goals of the construction of socialism
6497:
Contrary to
Western usage, these countries describe themselves as 'Socialist' (not 'Communist'). The second stage (Marx's 'higher phase'), or 'Communism' is to be marked by an age of plenty, distribution according to needs (not work), the absence of money and the market mechanism, the disappearance
6216:
and has been described as being "more
Leninist than Lenin", did not distinguish between the two in the same way Marxist–Leninists do. Both Lenin and Bordiga did not see socialism as a separate mode of production from communism, but rather, just as how communism looks as it emerges out of capitalism
8621:
It should not be forgotten, however, that in the period of the Second
International, some of the reformist currents of Marxism, as well as some of the extreme left-wing ones, not to speak of the anarchist groups, had already criticised the view that State ownership and central planning is the best
3955:
The
National Health service and the Welfare State have come to be used as interchangeable terms, and in the mouths of some people, as terms of reproach. Why this is so it is not difficult to understand, if you view everything from the angle of a strictly individualistic competitive society. A free
7559:
Article 13: Political parties and other organizations whose programmes are based upon totalitarian methods and the modes of activity of nazism, fascism and communism, as well as those whose programmes or activities sanction racial or national hatred, the application of violence for the purpose of
6603:
The decisive distinction between socialist and communist, as in one sense these terms are now ordinarily used, came with the renaming, in 1918, of the
Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) as the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). From that time on, a distinction of socialist
6333:
Anti-authoritarian communists and socialists such as anarchists, other democratic and libertarian socialists, as well as revolutionary syndicalists and left communists claim that the so-called socialist states actually presided over state capitalist economies and cannot be called socialist. Those
5744:
theorized the nature of the state would change during the transition to socialism. Both Saint-Simon and Engels described a transformation of the state from an entity primarily concerned with political rule over people (via coercion and law creation) to a scientific "administration of things" that
2933:
in their names include the
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, while a number of countries make references to socialism in their constitutions, but not in their names. These include India and Portugal. In addition, countries such as Belarus, Colombia,
6883:
But there are still others (concepts and institutions) which by virtue of their nature cannot stand transplantation and always carry the flavor of a particular institutional framework. It is extremely dangerous, in fact it amounts to a distortion of historical description, to use them beyond the
7465:
stated: "The
Constituent Assembly affirms the Portuguese people's decision to defend their national independence, safeguard the fundamental rights of citizens, establish the basic principles of democracy, secure the primacy of the rule of law in a democratic state, and open the way to socialist
5755:
that "the working class cannot simply lay hold of the ready-made state machinery, and wield it for its own purposes. The centralized state power, with its ubiquitous organs of standing army, police, bureaucracy, clergy, and judicature—organs wrought after the plan of a systematic and hierarchic
6561:
Ironically, the ideological father of communism, Karl Marx, claimed that communism entailed the withering away of the state. The dictatorship of the proletariat was to be a strictly temporary phenomenon. Well aware of this, the Soviet Communists never claimed to have achieved communism, always
5986:
and democratic participation in the management of the economy. Because these authoritarian political measures were inconsistent with the organizational precepts of socialism, Trotsky characterized the Soviet Union as a deformed workers' state that would not be able to effectively transition to
5792:
Now and then the workers are victorious, but only for a time. The real fruit of their battles lies, not in the immediate result, but in the ever expanding union of the workers. t ever rises up again, stronger, firmer, mightier. It compels legislative recognition of particular interests of the
2884:
A number of countries make references to socialism in their constitutions that are not single-party states embracing Marxism–Leninism and planned economies. In most cases, these are constitutional references to the building of a socialist society and political principles that have little to no
5871:
consolidated their power and sought to control and direct the social and economic affairs of the state and broader Russian society to safeguard against counterrevolutionary insurrection, foreign invasion, and to promote socialist consciousness among the Russian population while simultaneously
2897:
states that the Portuguese state has, as one of its goals, opening "the way to socialist society". Another broad example is that of Slovenia, which defines itself as a "state governed by the rule of law and a social state". Algeria, the Congo, India, and Sri Lanka have directly used the term
5801:
conception, these battles eventually reach a point where a revolutionary movement arises. A revolutionary movement is required in the view of Marxists to sweep away the capitalist state and the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, which must be abolished and replaced with a dictatorship of the
6338:. This leads them to consider state socialism a form of state capitalism (an economy based on centralized management, capital accumulation and wage labor, but with the state owning the means of production) which Engels stated would be the final form of capitalism rather than socialism.
6529:
Among Western journalists the term 'Communist' came to refer exclusively to regimes and movements associated with the Communist International and its offspring: regimes which insisted that they were not communist but socialist, and movements which were barely communist in any sense at
6705:(7 September 1978): "o constitute Sri Lanka into a democratic socialist republic whilst ratifying the immutable republican principles of representative democracy, and assuring to all peoples freedom, equality, justice, fundamental human rights and the independence of the judiciary".
9521:
A new phrase, state-capitalism, has been widely used in mC20, with precedents from eC20, to describe forms of state ownership in which the original conditions of the definition – centralized ownership of the means of production, leading to a system of wage-labour – have not really
7346:. Quote: "A close reading of the text reveals ... that the speech does not re-interpret Marxism-Leninism ... In fact, it neither deviates from the Marxism-Leninism of its day nor does it exceed levels of patriotism that were then considered acceptable throughout the East Bloc."
6884:
social world or culture whose denizens they are. Now ownership or property – also, so I believe, taxation – are such denizens of the world of commercial society, exactly as knights and fiefs are denizens of the feudal world. But so is the state (a denizen of commercial society).
6334:
socialists who oppose any system of state control whatsoever believe in a more decentralized approach which puts the means of production directly into the hands of the workers rather than indirectly through state bureaucracies which they claim represent a new elite or
6653:(20 February 1980): "Convinced that the organisation of the State and society on socialist principles is the only means of ensuring social and economic justice for all of the people of Guyana; and, therefore, being motivated and guided by the principles of socialism".
5703:
to the emergence of capitalism as a dominant mode of production, with its organizational precepts and functions designed specifically to manage and regulate the affairs of a capitalist economy. Because this involves governance and laws passed in the interest of the
8952:
need for money and prices (at least during the transition from capitalism to socialism), socialists more commonly believed that the socialist economy would soon administratively mobilize the economy in physical units without the use of prices or money.
5698:
tradition conceive of the state as representing the interests of the ruling class, partially out of material necessity for the smooth operation of the modes of production it presides over. Marxists trace the formation of the contemporary form of the
6058:. Those socialists believe there is no need for a state in a socialist system because there would be no class to suppress and no need for an institution based on coercion and therefore, regard the state being a remnant of capitalism. They hold that
3968:
dominated the economy, some political commentators claimed that during the post-war period, when socialist parties were in power, countries such as Britain and France were democratic socialist states and the same is now applied to the
5759:
One of the most influential modern visions of a transitional state representing proletarian interests was based on the Paris Commune, in which the workers and working poor took control of the city of Paris in 1871 in reaction to the
5855:. Adapted to the conditions of semi-feudal Russia, Lenin's concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat involved a revolutionary vanguard party acting as representatives of the proletariat and its interests. According to Lenin's
5603:
that adhere to Marxism–Leninism, or some national variation thereof, refer to themselves as socialist states or workers' and peasants' states. They involve the direction of economic development toward the building up of the
2789:
with Marxism–Leninism, and in the country's 1992 constitution, all references to Marxism–Leninism and communism were removed from state and party materials. Scholars are divided over the classification of the modern-day
8622:
road to socialism. But with the victory of Leninism in Russia, all dissent was silenced, and socialism became identified with 'democratic centralism', 'central planning', and State ownership of the means of production.
7630:
8837:
introduced into Marxist theory by Lenin in 1917 , the new distinction was helpful to Lenin in defending his party against the traditional Marxist criticism that Russia was too backward for a socialist revolution.
7055:. Retrieved 14 June 2020. "If we were to extend the definition of socialism to include Labor Britain or socialist Sweden, there would be no difficulty in refuting the connection between capitalism and democracy."
5728:
and thus, class distinctions on the basis of private property ownership are eliminated, the modern state would have no function and would gradually "wither away" or be transformed into a new form of governance.
2869:
is to "guide the common effort toward the goals and construction of socialism (and the progress toward a communist society)". The 2019 constitution retains the aim to work towards the construction of socialism.
9241:
Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 10 February 2020. " Reality tells us that state capitalism would be a step forward. If in a small space of time we could achieve state capitalism in Russia, that would be a
6074:
article: "State Socialism? — I don't agree with it; in fact, I think the two words contradict one another, and that it is the business of Socialism to destroy the State and put Free Society in its place".
7716:
Even in the statist 1960s–70s, SOEs in France and the UK did not account for more than 15–20% of capital formation; in the 1980s the developed-nation average was around 8%, and it dropped below 5% in the
5859:, the goal of the revolution and vanguard party is not the introduction of socialism (it could only be established on a worldwide scale), but to bring production and the state under the control of the
6267:
by Lenin. This view is consistent with, and helped to inform early concepts of, socialism in which the law of value no longer directs economic activity, namely, that monetary relations in the form of
2476:
in their country's full name, although this does not necessarily reflect the structure and development paths of these countries' political and economic systems. Currently, these countries include
5982:
and static centralization of political power, Trotsky condemned the Soviet government's policies for lacking widespread democratic participation on the part of the population and for suppressing
5780:, took the view that both socialism and a socialist state will gradually evolve out of political reforms won in the organized socialist political parties and unions. These views are considered a
3919:
of large industries was relatively widespread and it was not uncommon for commentators to describe some European countries as democratic socialist states seeking to move their countries toward a
9624:
6085:
Marxists also view state socialism as an oxymoron, arguing that while an association for managing production and economic affairs would exist in socialism, it would no longer be a state in the
5720:
because the economic interests of the proletariat would have to guide state affairs and policy during a transitional state. Alluding further to the establishment of a socialist economy where
6354:
deny that it is socialism, calling it state capitalism. Other Trotskyists agree that these states could not be described as socialist, but deny that they were state capitalist. They support
10298:
2909:
can vary widely and sometimes the constitutional references to socialism are left over from a previous period in the country's history. In the case of many Middle Eastern states, the term
9030:
The 1936 Constitution described the Soviet Union for the first time as a 'socialist society', rhetorically fulfilling the aim of building socialism in one country, as Stalin had promised.
7571:
The Preamble of the Constitution of India reads: "We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic ". See
5889:
and finally, Lenin's death, war measures that were deemed to be temporary, such as forced requisition of food and the lack of democratic control, became permanent and a tool to boost
277:
6666:(26 November 1949): "We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens".
6612:, became widely current, although it is significant that all communist parties, in line with earlier usage, continued to describe themselves as socialist and dedicated to socialism.
3943:, disputed the claim that Britain was a socialist state. For Crosland and others who supported his views, Britain was a socialist state. According to Bevan, Britain had a socialist
2685:
on 26 December 1991. The political systems of these Marxist–Leninist socialist states revolved around the central role of the party which holds ultimate authority. Internally, the
4795:
4636:
6702:
6624:
7077:. Barkan, Joanne; Brand, Horst; Cohen, Mitchell; Coser, Lewis; Denitch, Bogdan; Fehèr, Ferenc; Heller, Agnès; Horvat, Branko; Tyler, Gus. pp. 96–110. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
7777:
4790:
4785:
4780:
5788:
instead take the view that the working class grows stronger through its battle for reforms (such as in Marx's time, the ten-hours bill). In 1848, Marx and Engels wrote:
5843:
thinkers had little to say about the organization of the state in a socialist society, presuming the modern state to be specific to the capitalist mode of production,
4012:(PAP) during its first few decades in power were of a pragmatic kind as characterized by its rejection of nationalization. Despite this, the PAP still claimed to be a
7638:
5616:. This may or may not include the existence of a socialist economy, depending on the specific terminology adopted and level of development in specific countries. The
5784:
of Marxist thought. Bernstein stated: "The socialist movement is everything to me while what people commonly call the goal of Socialism is nothing". Following Marx,
2938:, leaving a more ambiguous meaning. In the constitutions of Croatia, Hungary, and Poland, direct condemnation is made to the respective past socialist regimes. The
2902:
in their official constitution and name. Croatia, Hungary, and Poland directly denounce "Communism" in their founding documents in reference to their past regimes.
2582:
which is organizing the country's economic, political, and social development toward the realization of socialism. Economically, this involves the development of a
6676:
2697:
2531:. A state, whether socialist or not, is opposed the most by anarchists, who reject the idea that the state can be used to establish a socialist society due to its
7381:
2578:
is not specifically structured to pursue the development of socialism. Socialist states in the Marxist–Leninist sense are sovereign states under the control of a
9930:
2814:, and others considering it to still be a form of Marxism–Leninism, combined with nationalism and idolization, deification, and mystification of the Kim family.
6117:
of the means of production as a way to establish socialism. Lenin himself acknowledged state capitalism as part of the transition from capitalism to socialism.
4016:, pointing out its regulation of the private sector, state intervention in the economy, and social policies as evidence of this. The Singaporean prime minister
9935:
6637:
5483:
6679:(20 September 2015): "Nepal is an independent, indivisible, sovereign, secular, inclusive democratic, socialism-oriented federal democratic republican state".
4131:
7327:. Quote: "The DPRK claims that juche is Kim Il Sung’s creative application of Marxist-Leninist principle to the modern political realities in North Korea."
7406:
9220:
7600:
5403:
3057:
2678:
2376:
7728:
Cobham, David (November 1984). "The Nationalisation of the Banks in Mitterand's France: Rationalisations and Reasons". Journal of Public Policy. 4 (4).
6650:
3898:
9586:. "Trotsky and the Collapse of Stalinism". Bertrams. "The Soviet bureaucracy and Western capitalism rested on mutually antagonistic social systems".
3777:
3772:
2744:
7746:
5224:
10288:
2642:
10481:
10396:
5802:
proletariat, to begin constructing a socialist society. In this view, only through revolution can a socialist state be established as written in
5322:
10124:
7445:
6129:
1325:
5244:
2879:
2463:
39:
5708:
as a whole, and because government officials either come from the bourgeoisie or are dependent upon their interests, Marx characterized the
10173:
9737:
8855:
5651:
5124:
5087:
4775:
4158:
2634:
2466:, in most cases alluding to the building of a socialist society, naming socialism, claiming to be a socialist state, or including the term
30:
This article is about countries constitutionally committed to socialism. For countries governed by Marxist–Leninist communist parties, see
5584:
into its name during this period. It had become a people's republic in 1948, but the country had not used that term in its official name.
10386:
10066:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
2732:. China's socio-economic structure has been referred to as "nationalistic state capitalism" and the Eastern Bloc (Eastern Europe and the
1556:
7371:. Quote: "Even though Marx's predictions have fallen wide of the mark, Marxism-Leninism remains a cornerstone of North Korean ideology."
8655:
6807:
6285:
5987:
socialism. Ostensibly socialist states where democracy is lacking, yet the economy is largely in the hands of the state, are termed by
5476:
4643:
8849:
8788:
7992:
Müller-Rommel, Ferdinand; Mansfeldová, Zdenka (2001). "Chapter 5: Czech Republic". In Blondel, Jean; Müller-Rommel, Ferdinand (eds.).
7560:
obtaining power or to influence the State policy, or provide for the secrecy of their own structure or membership, shall be forbidden.
10318:
10053:
6689:
6375:
5645:
5585:
5199:
4905:
3997:
in France and the United Kingdom during the height of nationalization in the 1960s and 1970s never accounted for more than 15–20% of
1593:
5528:
in Russia, it is now associated with Communist Party ruled states. A number of the short-lived communist states which formed during
10554:
10456:
10421:
10370:
10155:
6366:
which rested on a largely nationalized industry run according to a production plan and claimed that the former Stalinist states of
5565:
5119:
2748:
1807:
9803:
9640:. From "A Petty-Bourgeois Opposition in the Socialist Workers Party" (1939). Marxists Internet Archive. In Trotsky, Leon (1942).
7360:
7026:
6763:
5599:
that is organizing the economic, social, and political affairs of said state toward the construction of socialism. States run by
5398:
3724:
2369:
223:
7781:
10444:
10078:
9971:
9808:
8232:
5716:. Extrapolating from this, Marx described a post-revolutionary government on the part of the working class or proletariat as a
5047:
4631:
4300:
3891:
3729:
2638:
434:
7070:
10416:
8944:
8829:
8767:
8338:
the future conversion of political rule over men into an administration of things and a direction of processes of production.
8216:
8009:
7572:
6952:
6912:
6876:
6840:
6663:
6596:
5793:
workers, by taking advantage of the divisions among the bourgeoisie itself. Thus, the ten-hours' bill in England was carried.
5469:
5329:
4807:
4728:
4663:
4178:
3787:
3020:
2662:
2658:
273:
10293:
10268:
9815:
8903:
7427:
6718:(25 April 1978): "The United Republic is a democratic, secular and socialist state which adheres to multi-party democracy".
6259:
to refer to this development and instead called it a communist society that has not yet reached its higher-stage. The term
5249:
5077:
5042:
4982:
4723:
4668:
4653:
9704:
5305:
5229:
5204:
5102:
5082:
3754:
2830:
2822:
2666:
2650:
2646:
17:
10073:
5639:
In the Western world, particularly in mass media, journalism, and politics, these states and countries are often called
2625:, and Western social democracies in general, among others, all of which operate within a capitalist mode of production.
10461:
10150:
10088:
9591:
8863:
8266:
7670:
7181:
6554:
6522:
6490:
6279:
would not operate and apply to Marxist socialism. Unlike Stalin, who first claimed to have achieved socialism with the
5057:
5052:
5037:
5002:
4900:
2362:
10436:
10263:
10243:
10168:
10083:
10048:
10006:
9535:
9507:
9469:
9439:
9409:
9382:
9190:
9165:
9140:
9051:
9023:
8998:
8973:
8720:
8560:
8442:
8189:
8162:
8117:
8090:
8063:
8036:
7976:
7949:
7922:
7895:
7868:
7841:
7814:
7304:
7275:
7154:
7130:
7100:
5609:
5336:
5097:
5072:
5067:
4945:
4933:
4106:
3884:
3717:
2759:, sought to develop a distinct Korean re-interpretation of the ideology in order to solidify his position within the
367:
10323:
10134:
9730:
9327:
8594:
8475:
8455:
6443:
5817:
Other historic reformist or gradualist movements within socialism, as opposed to revolutionary approaches, include
5139:
5062:
4920:
3782:
3689:
3157:
1461:
1318:
7608:
7208:
Morgan, W. John (2001). "Marxism–Leninism: The Ideology of Twentieth-Century Communism". In Wright, James D., ed.
7048:
2978:
10328:
8082:
NATO and Eastern Europe After 2000: Strategic Interactions with Poland, the Czech Republic, Romania, and Bulgaria
6562:
labeling their own system socialist rather than communist and viewing their system as in transition to communism.
6165:
5717:
5713:
5620:
definition of a socialist state is a state representing the interests of the working class which presides over a
5577:
5282:
5134:
5107:
5092:
4955:
4222:
2713:
2682:
2247:
1549:
1505:
8522:
7236:
6981:"Lenin's Conception of Socialism: Learning from the early experiences of the world's first socialist revolution"
5516:
is a type of socialist state with a republican constitution. Although the term initially became associated with
10350:
10248:
10200:
10033:
9961:
9115:
7700:
7402:
7368:
5149:
4997:
4987:
4910:
4872:
4648:
2054:
2009:
10043:
8459:
5595:
is widely used by Marxist–Leninist parties, theorists, and governments to mean a state under the control of a
10360:
10258:
10038:
8921:
8885:
8421:
6359:
6086:
5992:
5686:
5561:
5129:
5017:
4915:
4089:
4069:
4038:
3319:
2838:
2740:
2725:
2721:
1880:
1471:
394:
340:
315:
183:
158:
9265:
7337:
3369:
2539:. The concept of a socialist state is also considered unnecessary or counterproductive and rejected by some
10404:
10103:
10093:
9862:
6233:
6133:
6109:, as well as anarchists and other libertarian socialists—criticized the idea of using the state to conduct
5557:
5315:
5194:
5144:
4837:
4770:
4168:
4143:
3734:
3187:
2442:
1428:
1398:
1373:
454:
258:
115:
9657:
8751:
The Human Rights Reader: Major Political Essays, Speeches, and Documents from Ancient Times to the Present
5875:
These ideas were adopted by Lenin in 1917 just prior to the October Revolution in Russia and published in
1275:
10449:
10355:
10129:
9723:
6737:
6715:
6383:
6280:
6021:
5983:
5943:
5905:
5663:
5502:
5219:
5012:
4691:
4358:
4237:
3986:
2988:
2778:
2653:(USSR). The Soviet Union proclaimed itself a socialist state and proclaimed its commitment to building a
2074:
1589:
677:
357:
287:
203:
173:
10501:
5881:. With the failure of the worldwide revolution, or at least European revolution, envisaged by Lenin and
320:
10215:
10098:
9897:
9566:
6371:
5996:
5508:
5346:
5254:
5239:
5209:
5022:
4748:
2854:
2760:
1895:
1542:
1330:
1215:
757:
8807:
10549:
10466:
10338:
9540:
8848:
Hudis, Peter; Vidal, Matt, Smith, Tony; Rotta, Tomás; Prew, Paul, eds. (September 2018 – June 2019).
8320:
7296:
6363:
4965:
3749:
2962:
2705:
2570:, where the state is not constitutionally bound to the construction of socialism. In such cases, the
1423:
1095:
238:
218:
9459:
8573:
6128:
said that their socialism was a form of political opportunism which preserved rather than destroyed
4538:
2794:, with some considering it to be a departure from Marxist–Leninist principles, given the primacy of
10409:
10333:
9966:
9867:
9553:
8802:
8536:
6732:
5898:
5877:
5533:
5189:
4960:
4658:
4260:
4188:
4009:
3337:
3137:
3120:
2947:
2894:
2799:
2795:
1645:
1305:
362:
253:
35:
9225:
8916:
8890:
6980:
6588:
6579:
4084:
3956:
health service is pure Socialism and as such, it is opposed to the hedonism of capitalist society.
10273:
9778:
9604:
9499:
8677:
8550:
8517:
8416:
7661:
6141:
5897:, as well as the notion that socialism can be created and exist in a single state with theory of
5804:
5785:
5751:
5625:
5184:
5179:
5174:
4847:
4673:
4626:
4121:
3944:
3940:
3744:
3214:
2886:
2866:
2834:
2704:
announced the completion of socialist construction and declared the optimistic goal of achieving
2602:
2575:
2303:
1870:
1530:
1481:
1363:
589:
579:
419:
374:
6378:
have at times included African, Asian, and Middle Eastern socialist states when they have had a
5512:
are used by scholars, particularly when focusing on the political systems of these countries. A
10539:
10491:
10486:
10426:
9877:
9820:
9766:
9761:
9252:
9238:
9206:
8634:
7860:
Power, Networks and Violent Conflict in Central Asia: A Comparison of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
7476:
7144:
7014:
6783:
6753:
6303:
6241:
6063:
5549:
5214:
4433:
4348:
4203:
3990:
2552:
2318:
1885:
1368:
712:
474:
310:
208:
198:
9293:
8871:
7585:
6090:
4378:
3978:
1235:
10001:
9872:
9619:
9306:
8258:
8133:
7320:
6153:
5852:
5781:
5234:
4857:
4493:
4111:
4101:
3669:
3234:
3172:
3045:
3000:
2786:
2717:
2690:
2670:
2313:
2176:
1773:
1225:
987:
762:
742:
707:
619:
549:
524:
9674:
8647:
8349:
6799:
6374:
based on the same relations of production as the Soviet Union. Some Trotskyists such as the
4403:
3309:
10520:
10253:
10163:
9986:
9914:
9882:
9832:
9827:
9637:
9108:
Chinese Marxism in Flux, 1978–1984: Essays on Epistemology, Ideology, and Political Economy
9042:
Fu, Hualing; Gillespie, John; Nicholason, Penelope; Partlett, William Edmund, eds. (2018).
7971:. Anthem Series on Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies. Anthem Press. p. 148.
6609:
6476:
6474:
6173:
6055:
6039:
6013:
5737:
5657:
5633:
5608:
to underpin the establishment of a socialist economy and usually include that at least the
5513:
5497:
4928:
4852:
4822:
4553:
4193:
4054:
4046:
3961:
3739:
3429:
3299:
3115:
3062:
2995:
2858:
2826:
2752:
2674:
2587:
2468:
2435:
1295:
1195:
1130:
667:
594:
449:
193:
143:
100:
83:
78:
10496:
5521:
4518:
4020:
also stated that he has been influenced by the democratic socialist British Labour Party.
3389:
8:
10283:
9991:
9842:
9795:
9783:
9490:
6323:
6051:
5988:
5761:
5351:
5341:
4877:
4862:
4603:
4563:
4270:
4153:
3394:
3261:
3152:
3067:
3025:
2544:
2528:
2445:
and progressing toward a communist society. These countries never describe themselves as
2237:
2146:
2103:
1890:
1655:
1476:
1443:
1403:
1388:
672:
584:
574:
544:
439:
325:
292:
138:
120:
110:
67:
6471:
4528:
3985:
and attempted to nationalize all French banks, but this attempt faced opposition of the
3931:
claimed that capitalism had been abolished in Britain, although others such as Welshman
3529:
3459:
1250:
10544:
10278:
9857:
9847:
9088:
7729:
6306:, developing its own unique political and economic institutions for a highly organized
6272:
6264:
6149:
6098:
6043:
5957:
5864:
5545:
4882:
4842:
4718:
4443:
4096:
3965:
3912:
3822:
3811:
3604:
3599:
3584:
3564:
3224:
3110:
3077:
2922:
2441:, despite these countries being officially socialist states in the process of building
1875:
1660:
1635:
1466:
1408:
1240:
1165:
937:
917:
902:
752:
657:
514:
494:
479:
429:
409:
387:
228:
163:
51:
7338:"The Watershed Speech that Wasn't: Re-evaluating Kim Il Sung's 'Juche Speech" of 1955"
7174:
Political Systems of the Socialist States: An Introduction to Marxist-Leninist Regimes
7022:
6759:
4418:
3509:
2755:
since its founding until mid-1950s, by which point the supreme leader of North Korea,
1027:
10185:
9951:
9852:
9587:
9503:
9465:
9435:
9429:
9405:
9399:
9378:
9186:
9161:
9136:
9111:
9047:
9019:
8994:
8991:
History of Socialism: An Historical Comparative Study of Socialism, Communism, Utopia
8969:
8940:
8859:
8825:
8822:
From Marx to Mises: Post-Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation
8556:
8438:
8262:
8251:
8212:
8185:
8158:
8113:
8086:
8059:
8032:
8005:
7972:
7945:
7918:
7891:
7864:
7837:
7810:
7666:
7364:
7300:
7271:
7177:
7150:
7126:
7096:
6958:
6948:
6918:
6908:
6872:
6846:
6836:
6592:
6550:
6518:
6515:
From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation
6486:
6387:
6315:
6311:
6307:
6237:
6169:
6157:
6110:
6102:
6078:
5909:
5886:
5847:
pioneered the idea of a revolutionary state based on his theory of the revolutionary
5840:
5733:
5725:
5629:
5605:
5600:
4832:
4738:
4523:
4468:
4388:
4368:
4285:
4198:
4138:
4116:
3998:
3924:
3920:
3674:
3524:
3314:
3304:
3072:
3010:
3005:
2939:
2926:
2850:
2829:, although it gives direct power to the governing ruling party, the Marxist–Leninist
2807:
2701:
2654:
2591:
2563:
2540:
2535:
and arguably coercive nature, considering a socialist state or state socialism as an
2452:
2438:
2308:
2029:
1860:
1812:
1640:
1573:
1358:
1270:
1175:
1037:
967:
872:
857:
624:
564:
519:
504:
464:
399:
178:
168:
105:
10431:
8308:. Karl Marx-Friedrich Engels: Welke (in German). Vol. 21. Berlin: Dietz Verlag.
8293:. Karl Marx-Friedrich Engels: Welke (in German). Vol. 20. Berlin: Dietz Verlag.
7123:
Political Thought and China's Transformation: Ideas Shaping Reform in Post-Mao China
6028:, criticize the concept of establishing a socialist state instead of abolishing the
4343:
9976:
9498:. Oxford paperbacks (revised ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p.
9485:
9080:
8867:
8304:
Engels, Friedrich (1962). Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus bein ZK der SED (ed.).
8289:
Engels, Friedrich (1962). Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus bein ZK der SED (ed.).
7997:
7863:. Routledge advances in Central Asian studies. Vol. 5. Routledge. p. 53.
6605:
6498:
of the last vestiges of capitalism and the ultimate 'whithering away' of the State.
6453:
6448:
6435:
6407:
6082:
6047:
5860:
5818:
5798:
5777:
5741:
5721:
5709:
5621:
5457:
5433:
5388:
4812:
4593:
4573:
4428:
4423:
4408:
4079:
4074:
3994:
3970:
3928:
3871:
3843:
3659:
3649:
3639:
3619:
3489:
3444:
3414:
3384:
3379:
3349:
3256:
3244:
3132:
3040:
2970:
2918:
2862:
2743:
was founded on 1 October 1949, and proclaims itself to be a socialist state in its
2583:
2571:
2555:
and other socialist political thinkers who view the modern state as a byproduct of
2548:
2459:
2141:
2064:
2034:
1908:
1650:
1630:
1518:
1501:
1220:
1200:
1120:
1115:
1057:
1017:
1007:
972:
892:
867:
837:
822:
817:
792:
737:
722:
629:
604:
534:
489:
459:
347:
335:
263:
248:
188:
153:
9425:
9370:
8738:
American Capitalism: Social Thought and Political Economy in the Twentieth Century
7268:
A Concise History of Modern Korea: From the Late Nineteenth Century to the Present
4001:, further dropping to 8% in the 1980s and below 5% in the 1990s after the rise of
3484:
2601:
Academics, political commentators, and other scholars tend to distinguish between
1300:
962:
692:
8724:
8659:
8540:. p. 70. cf. "Chapter V, The economic basis for the withering away of the state".
8206:
8179:
8152:
8107:
8080:
8053:
8026:
7966:
7939:
7912:
7885:
7858:
7831:
7804:
7431:
7410:
7104:
7030:
6811:
6767:
6458:
6421:
6161:
6121:
6114:
6034:
5934:
5700:
5640:
5613:
5445:
5413:
5393:
4755:
4453:
4413:
4398:
4393:
4210:
4173:
4148:
4029:
4013:
3936:
3916:
3857:
3609:
3479:
3424:
3364:
3249:
3182:
3100:
3095:
3030:
2890:
2729:
2686:
2595:
2567:
2512:
2422:
2410:
2352:
2325:
2181:
2171:
1968:
1865:
1433:
1378:
1185:
1145:
977:
947:
932:
882:
852:
787:
727:
687:
609:
599:
499:
243:
233:
31:
8691:
8648:"Tasks of Working-Class Governments under the Socialist-oriented Market Economy"
7423:
6800:"Tasks of Working-Class Governments under the Socialist-oriented Market Economy"
6101:, many socialist groups—including reformists, orthodox Marxist currents such as
4513:
3514:
10391:
9956:
8496:
7543:
7517:
7491:
7462:
6367:
6319:
6268:
6125:
6067:
5926:
5848:
5844:
5596:
5541:
5408:
5361:
5310:
4548:
4533:
4483:
4448:
4363:
4353:
4328:
4183:
3664:
3624:
3614:
3594:
3554:
3544:
3499:
3464:
3359:
3354:
3344:
3229:
3202:
2914:
2811:
2803:
2614:
2613:
countries which have been democratically governed by socialist parties such as
2579:
2413:
2330:
2261:
2166:
1999:
1913:
1393:
1285:
1255:
1245:
1170:
1140:
1135:
1125:
1012:
992:
952:
922:
862:
802:
777:
717:
404:
213:
9583:
8966:
Routledge History of International Organizations: From 1815 to the Present Day
5636:, while the realization of a socialist economy is held as the long-term goal.
3569:
3534:
2716:
in Eastern and Central Europe which adhered to Marxism–Leninism, Soviet-style
1290:
10533:
10471:
10225:
9981:
9892:
9771:
8549:
Freeden, Michael; Sargent, Lyman Tower; Stears, Marc, eds. (15 August 2013).
8382:
8365:
6962:
6922:
6850:
6185:
6137:
5890:
5746:
4867:
4608:
4583:
4543:
4508:
4458:
4333:
4290:
4242:
4163:
4002:
3932:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3679:
3579:
3504:
3469:
3449:
3439:
3281:
3192:
3177:
2217:
2112:
2014:
2004:
1845:
1418:
1413:
1280:
1230:
1210:
1205:
1180:
1155:
1052:
957:
877:
797:
772:
697:
634:
469:
268:
38:. For constitutional references to socialism in multi-party democracies, see
8001:
7747:"Lessons from the Nationalization Nation: State-Owned Enterprises in France"
4488:
702:
27:
Sovereign state constitutionally dedicated to the establishment of socialism
10476:
10365:
10345:
9887:
9653:
9455:
9404:. Translated by Cooke, Dorian. New York City: Harcourt, Brace & World.
7342:
6379:
6355:
6249:
6245:
6193:
6025:
5979:
5949:
5930:
5882:
5856:
5553:
5383:
5032:
4972:
4765:
4743:
4568:
4478:
4383:
4227:
4017:
3974:
3684:
3654:
3559:
3549:
3494:
3474:
3419:
3409:
3374:
3167:
3052:
2709:
2610:
2532:
2427:
2266:
2193:
2187:
2161:
2156:
2132:
2122:
2059:
1948:
1768:
1692:
1160:
1110:
1105:
1090:
1047:
1032:
1002:
927:
912:
887:
847:
807:
782:
747:
662:
9348:
8716:
7890:. Turcologica Series. Vol. 81. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 21.
7833:
Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States
5920:
5904:
Lenin argued that as socialism is replaced by communism, the state would "
1150:
10205:
10190:
9837:
8692:"Theses on the Role of the Communist Party in the Proletarian Revolution"
6358:'s analysis of pre-restoration Soviet Union as a workers' state that had
6347:
6276:
6145:
6017:
5705:
5529:
5376:
5366:
5027:
5007:
4827:
4817:
4733:
4588:
4498:
4473:
4438:
4373:
4232:
3634:
3589:
3574:
3539:
3519:
3454:
3434:
3404:
3266:
3162:
2774:
2756:
2733:
2606:
2456:
2271:
2256:
2198:
2069:
1933:
1732:
1727:
1707:
1697:
1687:
1383:
1265:
1100:
1062:
1042:
982:
942:
907:
842:
832:
812:
767:
682:
652:
614:
509:
352:
282:
148:
9461:
The Revolution Betrayed: What is the Soviet Union and Where is it Going?
8937:
Markets in the name of Socialism: The Left-Wing origins of Neoliberalism
6415:
6390:
promoted capitalists from within the party and outside their countries.
6132:
because of the claim that the exchange of commodities would occur under
5440:
3852:
2347:
9715:
9691:
9092:
9068:
8771:
7733:
7382:"Juche is Third Position ideology built on Marx – Not Marxist-Leninism"
6943:
McKay, Iain, ed. (2012). "What would an anarchist society look like?".
6351:
6299:
6106:
6038:
to contrast it with their own form of socialism, which involves either
5973:
5868:
5287:
5272:
4802:
4598:
4558:
4338:
3644:
3399:
3271:
3219:
3147:
3142:
2842:
2556:
2481:
2276:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2208:
2049:
1840:
1722:
1717:
1581:
1353:
1260:
997:
827:
529:
484:
8435:
The Immanent Utopia: From Marxism on the State to the State of Marxism
6903:
McKay, Iain, ed. (2012). "Why do anarchists oppose state socialism?".
9746:
9294:"The Collapse of Stalinism and the Class Nature of the Russian State"
9067:
Ramana, R. (June 1983). "Reviewed Work: China's Socialist Economy by
8398:"Withering Away of the State". In Kurian, George Thomas, ed. (2011).
8253:
Black Earth, Red Star: A History of Soviet Security Policy, 1917–1991
7637:(641). Socialist Party of Great Britain. January 1958. Archived from
6831:
McKay, Iain, ed. (2008). "Isn't libertarian socialism an oxymoron?".
6335:
6327:
6209:
6205:
6189:
6094:
6029:
5894:
5822:
5773:
5691:
5525:
5371:
5356:
4503:
4305:
4265:
3982:
3817:
3805:
3629:
3324:
3207:
3197:
3127:
3105:
2846:
2818:
2520:
2501:
2497:
2447:
2431:
2417:
2079:
1973:
1963:
1958:
1943:
1938:
1928:
1802:
1763:
1752:
1747:
1737:
1702:
1670:
1614:
1609:
1348:
1190:
1022:
732:
569:
554:
444:
424:
414:
59:
9280:
9084:
6062:
is antithetical to true socialism, the goal of which is the eyes of
4008:
The socialist policies practiced by parties such as the Singaporean
9907:
8233:"The Problem of Transition: Development, Socialism and Lenin's NEP"
7223:
Comparative Political Systems: Policy Performance and Social Change
7146:
Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy, Volume 3
6213:
6181:
5953:
5834:
5617:
5560:
and North Korea also became a people's republic. During the 1960s,
5517:
5277:
4760:
4578:
4280:
4275:
3948:
3015:
2536:
2505:
2151:
1712:
1682:
1625:
7210:
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
10220:
6177:
6059:
5695:
5169:
5114:
4463:
4310:
3276:
3035:
2605:
and democratic socialist states, with the first representing the
2524:
2477:
1953:
1790:
1780:
1080:
559:
539:
9431:
Fall of the New Class: A History of Communism's Self-Destruction
8181:
The Routledge Companion to Central and Eastern Europe Since 1919
7917:. Vol. 8: Mongolia–Nepal. Marshall Cavendish. p. 413.
7446:"Cuba ditches aim of building communism from draft constitution"
6298:
socialism and that socialism will emerge spontaneously from the
6263:
to mean the lower-state of communism was popularized during the
6184:, but rather, a composite ideology which socialist leaders like
9996:
9788:
8184:. Routledge Companions to History. Routledge. pp. 80, 88.
7237:"The Constitution of North Korea: Its Changes and Implications"
4295:
3838:
2943:
2806:, and where social distinction and hierarchy are promoted over
2618:
2516:
2511:
The idea of a socialist state stems from the broader notion of
2485:
2117:
1085:
7071:"From Sweden to Socialism: A Small Symposium on Big Questions"
6703:
Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
6585:
Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society, revised edition
6429:
6164:
of the means of production is a form of state capitalism; the
5452:
3866:
1525:
1496:
10210:
10180:
9709:. "Chapter 5". Socialist Alternative. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
9041:
7764:
Driven by Growth: Political Change in the Asia-Pacific Region
6248:
had reached the lower stage of communism and argued that the
4940:
3951:
of Britain's capitalist society, making the following point:
2765:
2622:
2493:
2489:
897:
9569:. Ernest Mandel Internet Archive. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
9377:(paperback ed.). San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
9183:
Stalin's Economist: The Economic Contributions of Jenö Varga
7293:
Ethnic Nationalism in Korea: Genealogy, Politics, and Legacy
6120:
Critical of the economy and government of socialist states,
2841:
states that Vietnam only entered a transition stage between
2773:
was declared to be fully distinct by his son and successor,
2562:
A socialist state is to be distinguished from a multi-party
10195:
10119:
10061:
8055:
Legal Reform in Post-Communist Europe: The View from Within
6625:
Constitution of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
6545:
Rosser, Mariana V.; Rosser, J. Barkley Jr. (23 July 2003).
5893:'s power, leading to the emergence of Marxism–Leninism and
4992:
4977:
4950:
4126:
330:
9675:"The Colonial Revolution and the Deformed Workers' States"
7911:
Macdonald, Fiona; Stacey, Gillian; Steele, Philip (2004).
6604:
from communist, often with supporting definitions such as
6220:
This is coherent with Marx and Engels, who used the terms
5556:. In Asia, China became a people's republic following the
8525:. Marxists Internert Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
7374:
7168:
7166:
6483:
The Economics of Socialism after World War Two: 1945–1990
5540:. Many of these sprang up in the territory of the former
2885:
bearing on the structure and guidance of these country's
2873:
9664:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
9628:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
9609:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
9228:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
8925:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
8906:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
8810:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
8680:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
8424:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
7991:
6677:
Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
6160:
also dismissed it as a type of state capitalism because
5588:
used both terms in its official name from 1976 to 1991.
2921:
philosophy adopted by specific regimes, such as that of
2777:, and was adopted as the official state ideology in the
2769:. Originally regarded as a variant of Marxism–Leninism,
2698:
22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
9556:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
9543:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
8893:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
8764:
History for the IB Diploma: Communism in Crisis 1976–89
8464:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
6786:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
6740:. Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
6002:
9567:"Why The Soviet Bureaucracy is not a New Ruling Class"
8387:
The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Political Thought
7228:
7163:
5548:. Additional people's republics emerged following the
5496:
Because most existing socialist states operated along
2559:, which would have no function in a socialist system.
34:. For a list of self-proclaimed socialist states, see
9554:"The Theory of Bureaucratic Collectivism: A Critique"
7910:
7477:"Slovenia 1991 (Rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute"
7384:. Free Media Productions – Editorials. 30 August 2009
6547:
Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy
2590:
with the long-term goal of building up the country's
9279:
Committee for a Workers' International (June 1992).
7631:"The Managerial Society Part Three — Fabian Version"
7586:"Hungary 2011 (Rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute"
7363:
p.13. Washington, DC.: Brookings Institution Press.
6397:
6204:
Although most Marxist–Leninists distinguish between
2781:. Further developed throughout the 1980s and 1990s,
9464:(paperback ed.). Detroit: Labor Publications.
9351:. International Communist Current. 30 December 2004
9133:
Soviet Marxism–Leninism: The Decline of an Ideology
8711:
8709:
7941:
Democratisation and Institutional Reform in Albania
7049:"Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy: A Symposium"
6638:
Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
6572:
6570:
5572:in their official name, replacing it with the term
2637:, established in 1917. In 1922, it merged with the
2416:constitutionally dedicated to the establishment of
9489:
9375:The New Class: An Analysis of the Communist System
8250:
6651:Constitution of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana
6578:
6217:before it has "developed on its own foundations".
5576:as a mark of their ongoing political development.
9694:. United Socialist Party. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
9620:"The USSR and Problems of the Transitional Epoch"
8824:. Open Court Publishing Company. pp. 44–45.
8138:Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs
8051:
7806:How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy
7780:. Rotary Club of Wellington North. Archived from
7198:. New York City: St. Martin's Press. p. 238.
7065:
7063:
7061:
5978:Following Stalin's consolidation of power in the
5967:
5520:movements in the 19th century such as the German
10531:
8740:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 160–161.
8706:
8614:
8501:Selected Writings Of Eduard Bernstein, 1920–1921
8211:(2nd ed.). St. Martin's Press. p. 56.
8109:Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country
8052:Frankowski, Stanisław; Stephan, Paul B. (1995).
6714:Article 3, Section 1 of the Constitution of the
6567:
6152:was more effective than a vanguard organized by
2929:. Examples of countries directly using the term
2643:Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic
9016:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism
8574:"The Workers' State, Thermidor and Bonapartism"
7463:"Preamble to the 1976 Constitution of Portugal"
7087:
7085:
7083:
7043:
7041:
7039:
6974:
6972:
6758:. Marxists Internet Archive. p. 293. Quoted by
5828:
2455:. Additionally, a number of countries that are
8456:"On the 20th Anniversary of the Paris Commune"
7856:
7694:
7692:
7361:Chapter 2: "The Power and Poverty of Ideology"
7058:
7010:
7008:
7006:
5680:
2934:France, Russia, and Spain use the varied term
2464:references to socialism in their constitutions
9731:
9496:Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society
8617:An Outline on the History of Economic Thought
8615:Screpanti, Ernesto; Zamagni, Stefano (2005).
8476:"The Civil War in France (1891 Introduction)"
7968:Bulgaria in British Foreign Policy, 1943–1949
7435:and the progress toward a communist society".
6862:
6860:
6826:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6778:
6776:
6748:
6746:
6726:
6724:
5477:
5245:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
3892:
2880:Socialism in liberal democratic constitutions
2370:
1550:
40:Socialism in liberal democratic constitutions
9221:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder
9106:McCarthy, Greg (1985). Brugger, Bill (ed.).
8904:"Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR"
8410:
8408:
8154:North Korea: The Politics of Regime Survival
7424:"Constitution of the Republic of Cuba, 1992"
7355:Oh, Kongdan Oh and Hassig, Ralph C. (2000)
7225:. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe. pp. 24–25.
7080:
7036:
6969:
6794:
6792:
6544:
6032:state apparatus outright. They use the term
3977:. In the 1980s, the government of President
2635:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
9401:The Unperfect Society: Beyond the New Class
9160:. Princeton University Press. p. 210.
8555:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 371.
8552:The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies
8112:. Cambridge University Press. p. 233.
7883:
7689:
7003:
6252:still operated within a socialist economy.
6236:. For Bordiga, both stages of socialist or
5628:with the goal of building up the country's
5552:victory in World War II, mainly within the
2950:, has been described as a socialist state.
2736:) as "bureaucratic-authoritarian systems."
2669:as a single-party state, ostensibly with a
9738:
9724:
9046:. Cambridge University Press. p. 58.
8672:
8670:
8668:
7117:
7115:
7113:
7103:. "Sweden, Great Britain, and France have
6866:
6857:
6817:
6773:
6743:
6721:
6701:Article Preamble, Section Preamble of the
6662:Article Preamble, Section Preamble of the
6649:Article Preamble, Section Preamble of the
6636:Article Preamble, Section Preamble of the
6623:Article Preamble, Section Preamble of the
6480:
6286:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
6228:interchangeably. Like Lenin, Bordiga used
5999:workers' states and not socialist states.
5484:
5470:
4644:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
3899:
3885:
2377:
2363:
1557:
1543:
9283:. Marxist.net. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
8939:. Stanford University Press. p. 20.
8605:(227). p. 153. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
8595:"The 'Eight Hours' and the Demonstration"
8405:
8151:Kihl, Young Whan; Kim, Hong Nack (2014).
7270:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 159.
7212:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 657–662.
6938:
6936:
6934:
6932:
6898:
6896:
6894:
6892:
6789:
6690:Constitution of the Republic of Nicaragua
5200:Communist Party of the Russian Federation
3993:economy among its members. Nevertheless,
2946:, which operates under the principles of
2751:(North Korea) used to adhere to orthodox
1594:List of countries by system of government
9745:
9484:
9105:
9018:. Oxford University Press. p. 126.
8963:
8204:
8078:
8031:. Kluwer Law International. p. 27.
7964:
7601:"Rojava: a beacon of hope fighting Isis"
7541:
7515:
7489:
6576:
6540:
6538:
6508:
6506:
6292:
6007:
5767:
3960:Although, as in the rest of Europe, the
2905:In these cases, the intended meaning of
9454:
9434:(hardcover ed.). Alfred A. Knopf.
9155:
8988:
8934:
8872:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190695545.001.0001
8717:"State capitalism" in the Soviet Union"
8665:
8523:"Chapter I. Bourgeois and Proletarians"
8511:
8509:
8150:
7937:
7829:
7686:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 106.
7349:
7234:
7193:
7110:
6978:
6513:Steele, David Ramsay (September 1999).
5624:economy structured upon state-directed
5225:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
3725:International Trade Union Confederation
2649:into a single federal union called the
14:
10532:
9270:. New York: Pioneer Publishers. p. 55.
9180:
9066:
8819:
8515:Marx, Karl; Engels, Friedrich (1848).
8473:
8321:"The Development of Utopian Socialism"
8318:
8303:
8288:
8248:
7802:
7698:
7325:Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs
7047:Barrett, William, ed. (1 April 1978).
6929:
6889:
6752:Lenin, Vladimir (February—July 1918).
6512:
6376:Committee for a Workers' International
6212:, Bordiga, who did consider himself a
6188:used to expediently determine what is
5306:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
4632:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
4301:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
3730:International Union of Socialist Youth
2874:Constitutional references to socialism
2639:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
9719:
9424:
9397:
9369:
9307:"The Fall of Stalinism: Ten Years On"
9130:
9013:
8766:. Cambridge University Press. p. 16.
8619:(2nd ed.). Oxford. p. 295.
8400:The Encyclopedia of Political Science
8257:. Cornell University Press. pp.
8105:
8024:
7573:Preamble to the Constitution of India
7357:North Korea Through the Looking Glass
7330:
7266:Seth, Michael J. (18 December 2019).
7142:
7093:Sociology in Our Time: The Essentials
7069:Heilbroner, Robert L. (Winter 1991).
6947:. Vol. II. Edinburgh: AK Press.
6942:
6907:. Vol. II. Edinburgh: AK Press.
6902:
6830:
6664:Constitution of the Republic of India
6535:
6503:
5675:
4808:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
4729:Industrialization in the Soviet Union
4664:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung
4132:Intensification of the class struggle
2749:Democratic People's Republic of Korea
2712:was a political and economic bloc of
2689:practiced a form of democracy called
1326:International socialist organizations
274:To each according to his contribution
9044:Socialist Law in Socialist East Asia
8646:Pena, David S. (21 September 2007).
8506:
8177:
8140:. United States Department of State.
7775:
7598:
7290:
7265:
6798:Pena, David S. (21 September 2007).
6310:. Libertarian communists, including
6192:and what is not communism among the
6003:Criticism within left-wing movements
5863:of workers' deputies. Following the
5500:principles of governance, the terms
5250:Sandinista National Liberation Front
4724:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
9638:"The ABC of Materialist Dialectics"
8689:
8474:Engels, Friedrich (18 March 1891).
7403:"VN Embassy – Constitution of 1992"
7321:"The Political Philosophy of Juche"
7313:
6869:Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy
6835:. Vol. I. Stirling: AK Press.
6587:. Oxford University Press. p.
6386:. Other socialists argued that the
5205:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3755:Network of Social Democracy in Asia
2667:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2651:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
2647:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
24:
9328:"Theories of Stalinism's Collapse"
9239:"Session of the All-Russia C.E.C."
9158:Stalin and the Soviet Science Wars
9110:. M. E. Sharpe. pp. 142–143.
8787:. University of California Press.
8381:"Withering away of the state". In
7996:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 62.
7809:. Peterson Institute. p. 12.
6485:. Aldine Transaction. p. 21.
6020:socialists, including anarchists,
5404:State ideology of the Soviet Union
4637:The History of the Communist Party
3935:, Minister of Health in the first
2913:was often used in reference to an
2633:The first socialist state was the
2426:is often used synonymously in the
25:
10566:
9536:Socialism: Utopian and Scientific
9251:Lenin, Vladimir (21 April 1921).
9237:Lenin, Vladimir (29 April 1918).
9205:Lenin, Vladimir (21 April 1921).
8437:. Transaction Publishers. p. 71.
8325:Socialism: Utopian and Scientific
7778:"Optimism for the New Millennium"
7766:. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe.
7241:Fordham International Law Journal
7095:. Cengage Learning. pp. 125–127.
6979:Fleming, Richard Fleming (1989).
6871:. Harper Perennial. p. 169.
5851:and organizational principles of
5610:commanding heights of the economy
5337:Criticism of communist party rule
4669:President Ho Chi Minh's Testament
4107:Commanding heights of the economy
3947:which stood in opposition to the
3021:Internationalist–defencist schism
2430:, specifically when referring to
9697:
9684:
9667:
9647:
9631:
9612:
9597:
9572:
9559:
9546:
9527:
9478:
9448:
9418:
9391:
9363:
9341:
9320:
9299:
9286:
9273:
9258:
9245:
9231:
9212:
9199:
9174:
9149:
9124:
9099:
9060:
9035:
9007:
8982:
8957:
8928:
8909:
8896:
8877:
8851:The Oxford Handbook of Karl Marx
8842:
8813:
8794:
8777:
8756:
8743:
8134:"The Chinese Revolution of 1949"
8058:. Martinus Nijhoff. p. 23.
7176:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
6444:Legislatures in communist states
6428:
6414:
6400:
5942:
5919:
5912:which he forecast would follow.
5872:promoting economic development.
5451:
5439:
5427:
5230:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
4654:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism
4639:of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
4053:
3865:
3851:
3837:
2977:
2831:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
2823:Lao People's Democratic Republic
2817:Similarly, direct references to
2779:1972 constitution of North Korea
2346:
1524:
1512:
1495:
66:
10555:Dictatorship of the proletariat
9185:. Routledge. pp. 203–213.
8753:. Taylor & Francis. p. 245.
8730:
8683:
8640:
8627:
8608:
8587:
8566:
8543:
8528:
8503:. New Jersey: Humanities Press.
8490:
8467:
8448:
8427:
8392:
8375:
8359:
8343:
8312:
8297:
8282:
8242:
8225:
8198:
8171:
8144:
8126:
8099:
8072:
8045:
8018:
7985:
7958:
7931:
7904:
7877:
7850:
7823:
7796:
7776:Kerr, Roger (9 December 1999).
7769:
7756:
7739:
7722:
7701:"The State of the State Sector"
7676:
7653:
7623:
7592:
7578:
7565:
7535:
7509:
7483:
7469:
7455:
7438:
7417:
7396:
7284:
7259:
7215:
7202:
7187:
7136:
6708:
6695:
6682:
6166:dictatorship of the proletariat
5718:dictatorship of the proletariat
5714:dictatorship of the bourgeoisie
5694:and subsequent thinkers in the
4223:Theory of the productive forces
3058:Reformist–revolutionary dispute
2714:Soviet-aligned socialist states
2683:dissolution of the Soviet Union
2594:while simultaneously promoting
10244:Azerbaijan People's Government
9311:International Socialist Review
9305:Anthony Arnove (Winter 2000).
8593:William Morris (17 May 1890).
8389:(3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
8370:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
8354:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
8231:Atkins, C. J. (1 April 2009).
7599:Wall, Derek (25 August 2014).
6669:
6656:
6643:
6630:
6617:
5968:Trotskyist theory of the state
5732:Influenced by the pre-Marxist
4649:A Critique of Soviet Economics
4023:
2787:significant ideological breaks
2055:Intergovernmental organisation
2010:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
9658:"Evolution of Eastern Europe"
9541:"III: Historical Materialism"
9218:Lenin, Vladimir (June 1920).
8922:Critique of the Gotha Program
8886:Critique of the Gotha Program
8856:"Marx's Concept of Socialism"
8736:Lichtenstein, Nelson (2011).
8402:. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.
8372:. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
8356:. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
8306:Die Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe
8291:Die Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe
8208:Heads of State and Government
7884:Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2009).
7857:Tunçer-Kılavuz, Idil (2014).
7699:Batson, Andrew (March 2017).
6755:Lenin Collected Works Vol. 27
6464:
6341:
6283:and then confirmed it in the
6232:to mean what Marx called the
4090:Soviet-type economic planning
4070:Administrative-command system
3320:Socialism of the 21st century
2953:
2839:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
2726:administrative-command system
2566:governed by a self-described
2434:socialist states governed by
2401:, sometimes referred to as a
159:Critique of political economy
9706:Imperialism and the Gulf War
9644:. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
9338:. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
9317:. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
9296:. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
8478:. Marxists Internert Archive
8433:Van Den Berg, Axel (2018) .
7336:Myers, Brian (January 2006)
7196:Khrushchev: A Political Life
7194:Tompson, William J. (1997).
6867:Schumpeter, Joseph (2008) .
6814:. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
6688:Article 5, Section 1 of the
6675:Article 4, Section 1 of the
6070:, who wrote as follows in a
5829:Leninist theory of the state
5749:, Marx cautiously argued in
5558:Chinese Communist Revolution
5195:Communist Party of Kampuchea
4838:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
4169:Proletarian internationalism
3735:Party of European Socialists
3188:Negative and positive rights
2865:states that the role of the
2609:and the latter representing
2586:economy with state-directed
2451:nor as having implemented a
1852:(socio-political ideologies)
1429:Socialist calculation debate
1399:List of socialist economists
1374:Economic calculation problem
259:Socialist mode of production
116:Socialist calculation debate
7:
10284:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad
9281:"The Collapse of Stalinism"
8858:. Oxford University Press.
8715:Howard, M. C.; King, J. E.
7965:Stankova, Marietta (2014).
7745:Cohen, Paul (Winter 2010).
7659:Crosland, Anthony (2006) .
7414:its internationalist duty."
7221:Andrai, Charles F. (1994).
7149:. Routledge. p. 1461.
7143:Jones, R. J. Barry (2002).
6716:United Republic of Tanzania
6393:
6281:Soviet Constitution of 1936
6199:
6168:is a form of democracy and
5681:Marxist theory of the state
5612:are nationalized and under
5220:Indochinese Communist Party
4238:Wars of national liberation
3987:European Economic Community
2893:. The preamble to the 1976
2628:
1920:(socio-economic ideologies)
1590:List of forms of government
10:
10571:
9533:Engels, Friedrich (1880).
8993:. Routledge. p. 412.
8989:Laidler, Harry W. (2013).
8968:. Routledge. p. 765.
8454:Engels, Friedrich (1891).
8319:Engels, Friedrich (1880).
7994:Cabinets in Eastern Europe
7887:Mongolic Elements in Tuvan
7836:. Routledge. p. 296.
7753:. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
7452:. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
7319:Lee, Grace (Spring 2003))
7172:Furtak, Robert K. (1986).
6577:Williams, Raymond (1983).
6517:. Open Court. p. 45.
6255:Marx did not use the term
6240:—with stages referring to
5971:
5839:Whereas Marx, Engels, and
5832:
5687:Marx's theory of the state
5684:
5347:Marxist schools of thought
5240:Party of Labour of Albania
5210:Communist Party of Vietnam
4027:
3937:post-war Labour government
2877:
2855:Communist Party of Vietnam
2741:People's Republic of China
29:
10518:
10379:
10311:
10236:
10143:
10112:
10026:
10015:
9944:
9923:
9754:
9681:. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
9326:Walter Daum (Fall 2002).
9131:Evans, Alfred B. (1993).
8935:Bockman, Johanna (2011).
8749:Ishay, Micheline (2007).
8694:. Communist International
8249:Nation, R. Craig (1992).
8239:. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
8205:Da Graça, John V (2000).
7762:Morley, James W. (1993).
7297:Stanford University Press
6549:. MIT Press. p. 14.
6364:bureaucratic dictatorship
5772:Socialists that embraced
3964:still operated fully and
3939:and the architect of the
3750:Young European Socialists
2706:communism in twenty years
2679:official guiding ideology
2665:. It was governed by the
2041:(geo-cultural ideologies)
1424:Socialism and LGBT rights
368:Socialist-oriented market
316:Socialist planned economy
219:Material balance planning
9625:The Transitional Program
9135:. ABC-CLIO. p. 48.
8803:The State and Revolution
8800:Lenin, Vladimir (1917).
8676:Bordiga, Amadeo (1952).
8658:5 September 2008 at the
8633:Lenin, Vladimir (1921).
8537:The State and Revolution
8534:Lenin, Vladimir (1917).
8458:. In Marx, Karl (1871).
8157:. Routledge. p. 8.
8079:Paquette, Laure (2001).
7944:. Springer. p. 21.
7665:. Constable. pp. 9, 89.
7444:Reuters (22 July 2018).
6810:5 September 2008 at the
6782:Lenin, Vladimir (1921).
6733:The State and Revolution
6730:Lenin, Vladimir (1917).
6384:deformed workers' states
6372:deformed workers' states
6370:and Eastern Europe were
5984:workers' self-management
5956:and a key figure in the
5899:socialism in one country
5878:The State and Revolution
5786:revolutionary socialists
5632:and promoting worldwide
5190:Communist Party of India
4189:Socialism in one country
4144:Marxist–Leninist atheism
3138:Environmental protection
2948:democratic confederalism
2925:and that of the various
2895:Constitution of Portugal
2825:are not included in its
363:Socialist market economy
288:Workers' self-management
254:Socialism in one country
101:Age of the Enlightenment
36:List of socialist states
10294:North Korea (1947–1948)
10289:North Korea (1946–1947)
9690:Jayasuriya, Siritunga.
9606:The Revolution Betrayed
9565:Mandel, Ernest (1979).
9398:Đilas, Milovan (1969).
9156:Pollock, Ethan (2006).
8902:Stalin, Joseph (1951).
8723:2 November 2018 at the
8518:The Communist Manifesto
8461:The Civil War in France
8417:The Civil War in France
8106:Lampe, John R. (2000).
8002:10.1057/9781403905215_6
7938:Gjevori, Elvin (2018).
7914:Peoples of Eastern Asia
7830:Minahan, James (2013).
7803:Åslund, Anders (2009).
7682:Bevan, Aneurin (1952).
7662:The Future of Socialism
7544:"Poland – Constitution"
7125:. Springer. pp. 60–69.
7091:Kendall, Diana (2011).
6481:Wilczynski, J. (2008).
6156:. The American Marxist
6142:Communist International
6091:domination by one class
5805:The Communist Manifesto
5752:The Civil War in France
5626:accumulation of capital
5568:ceased to use the term
5503:Marxist–Leninist regime
5399:State ideology of China
5325:under communist regimes
5323:Crimes against humanity
5283:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
5255:Workers' Party of Korea
5185:Communist Party of Cuba
5180:Chinese Communist Party
4848:Portuguese Colonial War
4674:The Governance of China
4627:Foundations of Leninism
4174:Protracted people's war
4122:Dialectical materialism
3945:National Health Service
3941:National Health Service
3745:Socialist International
3215:Revolutionary socialism
2887:machinery of government
2867:Communist Party of Cuba
2761:Workers' Party of Korea
2603:authoritarian socialist
2576:machinery of government
2304:Administrative division
2248:International relations
1364:Criticism of capitalism
375:Participatory economics
209:Labour-time calculation
10016:Current and historical
9618:Trotsky, Leon (1938).
9603:Trotsky, Leon (1936).
9578:Taaffe, Peter (1995).
9332:Proletarian Revolution
9264:Serge, Victor (1937).
9181:Mommen, André (2011).
8964:Reinalda, Bob (2009).
8820:Steele, David (1992).
8783:Piccone, Paul (1983).
8678:"Dialogue With Stalin"
8572:Trotsky, Leon (1935).
8350:"Henri de Saint-Simon"
8025:Hajdú, József (2011).
7492:"Croatia Constitution"
7291:Shin, Gi-wook (2006).
7235:Dae-Kyu, Yoon (2003).
6242:historical materialism
6064:libertarian socialists
5933:and the leader of the
5815:
5795:
5670:workers' and peasants'
5509:Marxist–Leninist state
5215:French Communist Party
5125:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4434:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
4349:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
3991:free-market capitalist
3989:because it demanded a
3958:
3927:politician and author
3310:Evolutionary socialism
2849:after the country was
2833:. The preamble to the
2553:libertarian socialists
1369:Criticism of socialism
321:Decentralized planning
224:Peer‑to‑peer economics
9642:In Defense of Marxism
9349:"4. State Capitalism"
9014:Smith, S. A. (2014).
8178:Webb, Adrian (2008).
8028:Labour Law in Hungary
7706:. Gavekal Dragonomics
7029:18 March 2004 at the
7015:Lenin Collected Works
6766:18 March 2004 at the
6293:Libertarian socialism
6234:lower-phase communism
6172:is undemocratic; and
6154:democratic centralism
6140:organisations by the
6008:Anarchism and Marxism
5853:democratic centralism
5810:
5790:
5768:Reform and revolution
5235:Nepal Communist Party
4858:Nicaraguan Revolution
4494:Mengistu Haile Mariam
4112:Democratic centralism
4102:Collective leadership
4010:People's Action Party
3953:
3235:Social market economy
3173:Left-wing nationalism
3001:Frankfurt Declaration
2691:democratic centralism
2671:democratic centralism
2314:Democratic transition
2177:Self-governing colony
1774:Military dictatorship
10521:History of socialism
9703:Walsh, Lynn (1991).
9662:Fourth International
9580:The Rise of Militant
9552:Cliff, Tony (1948).
9267:From Lenin to Stalin
8762:Todd, Allan (2012).
8085:. Nova. p. 55.
7542:Tschentscher, Axel.
7516:Tschentscher, Axel.
7490:Tschentscher, Axel.
6610:democratic socialist
6124:such as the Italian
6099:revolution in Russia
6089:, which is based on
6056:centralized planning
6040:collective ownership
5738:Henri de Saint-Simon
5634:socialist revolution
5580:also added the term
5458:Socialism portal
5434:Communism portal
4853:Black power movement
4823:Non-Aligned Movement
4194:Socialist patriotism
3925:British Labour Party
3872:Socialism portal
3844:Economics portal
3740:Progressive Alliance
3300:Democratic socialism
2996:Age of Enlightenment
2588:capital accumulation
1519:Communism portal
1502:Socialism portal
194:Industrial democracy
144:Collective ownership
10457:Estonia (1918–1919)
10351:Hungary (1949–1989)
9679:The Unbroken Thread
9673:Grant, Ted (1978).
8915:Marx, Karl (1875).
8883:Marx, Karl (1875).
8422:"The Paris Commune"
8414:Marx, Karl (1871).
7430:9 July 2011 at the
7409:9 July 2011 at the
6304:evolutionary manner
6052:means of production
6044:worker cooperatives
5989:orthodox Trotskyist
5813:of the proletariat.
5762:Franco-Prussian War
5658:people's republican
5652:people's democratic
5646:national-democratic
5446:Politics portal
5352:National Bolshevism
5342:Cult of personality
4878:Revolutions of 1989
4873:Naxalite insurgency
4863:Cultural Revolution
4749:Great Patriotic War
4604:Wojciech Jaruzelski
4564:Nur Muhammad Taraki
4271:Ho Chi Minh Thought
3979:François Mitterrand
3923:. In 1956, leading
3858:Politics portal
3605:Liebknecht (father)
3262:Structural violence
3153:Institutional abuse
3068:Revolutions of 1848
2724:in the form of the
2673:organization, with
2529:Ho Chi Minh Thought
2353:Politics portal
2238:Supranational union
2147:Dependent territory
2060:National government
1404:Market abolitionism
1389:Left-libertarianism
326:Inclusive Democracy
293:Workplace democracy
139:Calculation in kind
121:Socialist economics
111:Revolutions of 1848
18:Socialist countries
10422:Byelorussia (1919)
9292:Ted Grant (1996).
7635:Socialist Standard
6350:following on from
6265:Russian Revolution
6150:organic centralism
6146:political vanguard
6087:Marxist definition
5958:October Revolution
5865:October Revolution
5676:Political theories
5664:socialist-oriented
5582:socialist republic
5574:socialist republic
5546:October Revolution
5538:people's republics
5536:called themselves
4883:Nepalese Civil War
4843:Great Leap Forward
4771:Chinese Revolution
4444:Kaysone Phomvihane
4159:People's democracy
4097:Collective farming
3966:private enterprise
3962:laws of capitalism
3913:post-war consensus
3823:Types of socialism
3812:The Internationale
3225:Social corporatism
3078:Welfare capitalism
2923:Gamal Abdel Nasser
2857:in 1976. The 1992
2827:founding documents
2474:socialist republic
2395:socialist republic
1409:Marxist philosophy
229:Production for use
199:Input–output model
164:Economic democracy
10527:
10526:
10514:
10513:
10510:
10509:
10307:
10306:
10049:Congo-Brazzaville
9945:Regional variants
9656:(November 1951).
9486:Williams, Raymond
9253:"The Tax in Kind"
9207:"The Tax in Kind"
8946:978-0-8047-7566-3
8831:978-0-87548-449-5
8690:Bordiga, Amadeo.
8652:Political Affairs
8635:"The Tax in Kind"
8578:New International
8237:Political Affairs
8218:978-1-56159-269-2
8011:978-1-349-41148-1
7611:on 5 January 2016
7021:: 293. Quoted by
6954:978-1-902593-90-6
6914:978-1-902593-90-6
6878:978-0-06-156161-0
6842:978-1-902593-90-6
6804:Political Affairs
6784:"The Tax in Kind"
6598:978-0-19-520469-8
6308:stateless society
6238:communist society
6170:single-party rule
6158:Raya Dunayevskaya
6103:council communism
5952:, founder of the
5929:, founder of the
5887:Russian Civil War
5841:classical Marxist
5797:According to the
5776:, exemplified by
5734:utopian socialist
5726:private ownership
5630:productive forces
5606:productive forces
5601:communist parties
5570:people's republic
5522:Völkisch movement
5514:people's republic
5494:
5493:
4833:Sino-Soviet split
4739:Spanish Civil War
4659:Guerrilla Warfare
4621:Theoretical works
4539:Władysław Gomułka
4519:Nicolae Ceaușescu
4469:Nikos Zachariadis
4389:Nikita Khrushchev
4369:Palmiro Togliatti
4139:Labor aristocracy
4117:Dialectical logic
3999:capital formation
3921:socialist economy
3909:
3908:
3315:Liberal socialism
3305:Ethical socialism
3073:Utopian socialism
3011:Godesberg Program
3006:French Revolution
2940:autonomous region
2808:classless society
2745:1982 constitution
2722:economic planning
2702:Nikita Khrushchev
2663:1977 constitution
2661:and a subsequent
2659:1936 constitution
2655:socialist economy
2592:productive forces
2564:liberal democracy
2469:people's republic
2460:capitalist states
2453:communist society
2439:communist parties
2407:workers' republic
2399:socialist country
2387:
2386:
2338:
2337:
2309:Democracy indices
2284:
2283:
2087:
2086:
1896:Semi-presidential
1821:
1820:
1567:
1566:
1359:Communist society
1331:Socialist parties
590:Saint-Simonianism
179:Equal opportunity
169:Economic planning
106:French Revolution
16:(Redirected from
10562:
10550:Socialist states
10377:
10376:
10234:
10233:
10024:
10023:
10019:socialist states
9898:African-American
9740:
9733:
9726:
9717:
9716:
9710:
9701:
9695:
9688:
9682:
9671:
9665:
9651:
9645:
9635:
9629:
9616:
9610:
9601:
9595:
9576:
9570:
9563:
9557:
9550:
9544:
9531:
9525:
9524:
9518:
9516:
9493:
9482:
9476:
9475:
9452:
9446:
9445:
9422:
9416:
9415:
9395:
9389:
9388:
9367:
9361:
9360:
9358:
9356:
9345:
9339:
9324:
9318:
9303:
9297:
9290:
9284:
9277:
9271:
9262:
9256:
9249:
9243:
9235:
9229:
9216:
9210:
9203:
9197:
9196:
9178:
9172:
9171:
9153:
9147:
9146:
9128:
9122:
9121:
9103:
9097:
9096:
9073:Social Scientist
9064:
9058:
9057:
9039:
9033:
9032:
9011:
9005:
9004:
8986:
8980:
8979:
8961:
8955:
8954:
8932:
8926:
8913:
8907:
8900:
8894:
8881:
8875:
8846:
8840:
8839:
8817:
8811:
8798:
8792:
8781:
8775:
8760:
8754:
8747:
8741:
8734:
8728:
8713:
8704:
8703:
8701:
8699:
8687:
8681:
8674:
8663:
8644:
8638:
8631:
8625:
8624:
8612:
8606:
8591:
8585:
8570:
8564:
8547:
8541:
8532:
8526:
8513:
8504:
8494:
8488:
8487:
8485:
8483:
8471:
8465:
8452:
8446:
8431:
8425:
8412:
8403:
8396:
8390:
8379:
8373:
8363:
8357:
8347:
8341:
8340:
8334:
8332:
8316:
8310:
8309:
8301:
8295:
8294:
8286:
8280:
8279:
8277:
8275:
8256:
8246:
8240:
8229:
8223:
8222:
8202:
8196:
8195:
8175:
8169:
8168:
8148:
8142:
8141:
8130:
8124:
8123:
8103:
8097:
8096:
8076:
8070:
8069:
8049:
8043:
8042:
8022:
8016:
8015:
7989:
7983:
7982:
7962:
7956:
7955:
7935:
7929:
7928:
7908:
7902:
7901:
7881:
7875:
7874:
7854:
7848:
7847:
7827:
7821:
7820:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7789:
7773:
7767:
7760:
7754:
7743:
7737:
7726:
7720:
7719:
7713:
7711:
7705:
7696:
7687:
7684:In Place of Fear
7680:
7674:
7657:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7646:
7627:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7616:
7607:. Archived from
7596:
7590:
7589:
7582:
7576:
7569:
7563:
7562:
7556:
7554:
7539:
7533:
7532:
7530:
7528:
7513:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7502:
7487:
7481:
7480:
7473:
7467:
7459:
7453:
7442:
7436:
7421:
7415:
7400:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7378:
7372:
7353:
7347:
7334:
7328:
7317:
7311:
7310:
7288:
7282:
7281:
7263:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7252:
7232:
7226:
7219:
7213:
7206:
7200:
7199:
7191:
7185:
7170:
7161:
7160:
7140:
7134:
7119:
7108:
7089:
7078:
7067:
7056:
7045:
7034:
7012:
7001:
7000:
6998:
6996:
6976:
6967:
6966:
6945:An Anarchist FAQ
6940:
6927:
6926:
6905:An Anarchist FAQ
6900:
6887:
6886:
6864:
6855:
6854:
6833:An Anarchist FAQ
6828:
6815:
6796:
6787:
6780:
6771:
6750:
6741:
6728:
6719:
6712:
6706:
6699:
6693:
6686:
6680:
6673:
6667:
6660:
6654:
6647:
6641:
6634:
6628:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6582:
6574:
6565:
6564:
6542:
6533:
6532:
6510:
6501:
6500:
6478:
6454:Soviet (council)
6449:Soviet democracy
6438:
6436:Socialism portal
6433:
6432:
6424:
6419:
6418:
6410:
6408:Communism portal
6405:
6404:
6403:
6275:, interest, and
6174:Marxism–Leninism
6093:. Preceding the
6048:common ownership
6042:(in the form of
5946:
5923:
5819:Fabian socialist
5799:orthodox Marxist
5778:Eduard Bernstein
5742:Friedrich Engels
5722:social ownership
5710:capitalist state
5641:communist states
5622:state capitalist
5498:Marxist–Leninist
5486:
5479:
5472:
5456:
5455:
5444:
5443:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5389:State capitalism
4813:De-Stalinization
4594:Gennady Zyuganov
4574:Rohana Wijeweera
4429:Klement Gottwald
4424:Valko Chervenkov
4409:Lazar Kaganovich
4085:Central planning
4080:Anti-revisionism
4075:Anti-imperialism
4057:
4047:Marxism–Leninism
4034:
4033:
3995:public ownership
3981:aimed to expand
3971:Nordic countries
3929:Anthony Crosland
3901:
3894:
3887:
3870:
3869:
3856:
3855:
3842:
3841:
3610:Liebknecht (son)
3370:Batlle y Ordóñez
3257:Structural abuse
3158:Internationalism
3133:Environmentalism
2981:
2971:Social democracy
2958:
2957:
2863:Republic of Cuba
2763:(WPK), known as
2753:Marxism–Leninism
2675:Marxism–Leninism
2584:state capitalist
2572:political system
2436:Marxist–Leninist
2379:
2372:
2365:
2351:
2350:
2298:
2297:
2142:Associated state
2100:
2099:
2075:Internationalism
2065:World government
2042:
1921:
1853:
1834:
1833:
1808:Free association
1795:
1756:
1675:
1618:
1606:
1605:
1569:
1568:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1531:Organized Labour
1529:
1528:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1500:
1499:
1444:Workers' council
1081:Gracchi Brothers
605:Social democracy
348:Market socialism
336:Project Cybersyn
264:Soviet democracy
249:Social ownership
204:Internationalism
184:Free association
154:Common ownership
70:
47:
46:
21:
10570:
10569:
10565:
10564:
10563:
10561:
10560:
10559:
10530:
10529:
10528:
10523:
10506:
10487:Slovakia (1919)
10387:Alsace-Lorraine
10375:
10303:
10232:
10139:
10108:
10017:
10011:
9940:
9919:
9750:
9744:
9714:
9713:
9702:
9698:
9689:
9685:
9672:
9668:
9652:
9648:
9636:
9632:
9617:
9613:
9602:
9598:
9577:
9573:
9564:
9560:
9551:
9547:
9532:
9528:
9514:
9512:
9510:
9483:
9479:
9472:
9453:
9449:
9442:
9423:
9419:
9412:
9396:
9392:
9385:
9368:
9364:
9354:
9352:
9347:
9346:
9342:
9325:
9321:
9304:
9300:
9291:
9287:
9278:
9274:
9263:
9259:
9250:
9246:
9236:
9232:
9217:
9213:
9204:
9200:
9193:
9179:
9175:
9168:
9154:
9150:
9143:
9129:
9125:
9118:
9104:
9100:
9085:10.2307/3516910
9065:
9061:
9054:
9040:
9036:
9026:
9012:
9008:
9001:
8987:
8983:
8976:
8962:
8958:
8947:
8933:
8929:
8914:
8910:
8901:
8897:
8882:
8878:
8847:
8843:
8832:
8818:
8814:
8799:
8795:
8785:Italian Marxism
8782:
8778:
8761:
8757:
8748:
8744:
8735:
8731:
8725:Wayback Machine
8714:
8707:
8697:
8695:
8688:
8684:
8675:
8666:
8660:Wayback Machine
8645:
8641:
8632:
8628:
8613:
8609:
8592:
8588:
8571:
8567:
8548:
8544:
8533:
8529:
8514:
8507:
8497:Steger, Manfred
8495:
8491:
8481:
8479:
8472:
8468:
8453:
8449:
8432:
8428:
8413:
8406:
8397:
8393:
8380:
8376:
8364:
8360:
8348:
8344:
8330:
8328:
8317:
8313:
8302:
8298:
8287:
8283:
8273:
8271:
8269:
8247:
8243:
8230:
8226:
8219:
8203:
8199:
8192:
8176:
8172:
8165:
8149:
8145:
8132:
8131:
8127:
8120:
8104:
8100:
8093:
8077:
8073:
8066:
8050:
8046:
8039:
8023:
8019:
8012:
7990:
7986:
7979:
7963:
7959:
7952:
7936:
7932:
7925:
7909:
7905:
7898:
7882:
7878:
7871:
7855:
7851:
7844:
7828:
7824:
7817:
7801:
7797:
7787:
7785:
7784:on 7 March 2006
7774:
7770:
7761:
7757:
7744:
7740:
7727:
7723:
7709:
7707:
7703:
7697:
7690:
7681:
7677:
7658:
7654:
7644:
7642:
7641:on 3 March 2016
7629:
7628:
7624:
7614:
7612:
7597:
7593:
7584:
7583:
7579:
7570:
7566:
7552:
7550:
7548:Servat.unibe.ch
7540:
7536:
7526:
7524:
7522:Servat.unibe.ch
7518:"Hungary Index"
7514:
7510:
7500:
7498:
7496:Servat.unibe.ch
7488:
7484:
7475:
7474:
7470:
7460:
7456:
7443:
7439:
7432:Wayback Machine
7422:
7418:
7411:Wayback Machine
7401:
7397:
7387:
7385:
7380:
7379:
7375:
7354:
7350:
7335:
7331:
7318:
7314:
7307:
7289:
7285:
7278:
7264:
7260:
7250:
7248:
7233:
7229:
7220:
7216:
7207:
7203:
7192:
7188:
7171:
7164:
7157:
7141:
7137:
7121:Li, He (2015).
7120:
7111:
7105:mixed economies
7090:
7081:
7068:
7059:
7046:
7037:
7031:Wayback Machine
7013:
7004:
6994:
6992:
6977:
6970:
6955:
6941:
6930:
6915:
6901:
6890:
6879:
6865:
6858:
6843:
6829:
6818:
6812:Wayback Machine
6797:
6790:
6781:
6774:
6768:Wayback Machine
6751:
6744:
6729:
6722:
6713:
6709:
6700:
6696:
6687:
6683:
6674:
6670:
6661:
6657:
6648:
6644:
6635:
6631:
6622:
6618:
6606:social democrat
6599:
6575:
6568:
6557:
6543:
6536:
6525:
6511:
6504:
6493:
6479:
6472:
6467:
6459:Soviet republic
6434:
6427:
6422:Politics portal
6420:
6413:
6406:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6344:
6295:
6202:
6162:state ownership
6122:left communists
6115:nationalization
6035:state socialism
6010:
6005:
5976:
5970:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5947:
5939:
5938:
5935:Bolshevik party
5924:
5867:in Russia, the
5837:
5831:
5770:
5701:sovereign state
5689:
5683:
5678:
5614:state ownership
5593:socialist state
5490:
5450:
5438:
5428:
5426:
5419:
5418:
5414:Totalitarianism
5394:State socialism
5324:
5301:
5293:
5292:
5268:
5260:
5259:
5165:
5157:
5156:
4896:
4888:
4887:
4756:Greek Civil War
4687:
4679:
4678:
4638:
4622:
4614:
4613:
4554:Mathieu Kérékou
4454:Leonid Brezhnev
4419:Bolesław Bierut
4414:Georgi Dimitrov
4399:Josip Broz Tito
4394:Walter Ulbricht
4324:
4316:
4315:
4256:
4248:
4247:
4149:One-party state
4134:under socialism
4133:
4065:
4032:
4030:Communist state
4026:
4014:socialist party
3917:nationalization
3905:
3864:
3850:
3836:
3828:
3827:
3801:
3793:
3792:
3768:
3760:
3759:
3720:
3710:
3709:
3340:
3330:
3329:
3295:
3287:
3286:
3240:Socialist state
3183:Nationalization
3101:Critical theory
3096:Civil liberties
3091:
3083:
3082:
2991:
2956:
2891:economic system
2882:
2876:
2730:command economy
2687:communist party
2631:
2596:world communism
2568:socialist party
2513:state socialism
2423:communist state
2391:socialist state
2383:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2326:Democratisation
2319:Autocratization
2295:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2242:
2203:
2182:Tributary state
2172:Satellite state
2127:
2097:
2096:Power structure
2089:
2088:
2040:
2039:
2021:
1992:
1978:
1969:Totalitarianism
1919:
1918:
1900:
1851:
1850:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1793:
1785:
1750:
1742:
1673:
1665:
1612:
1603:
1602:Source of power
1580:Basic forms of
1574:Politics series
1563:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1439:Socialist state
1434:Socialist Party
1379:Economic system
1344:
1336:
1335:
1321:
1311:
1310:
1076:
1068:
1067:
648:
640:
639:
455:Democratic road
390:
380:
379:
306:
298:
297:
244:Social dividend
234:Sharing economy
134:
126:
125:
96:
88:
43:
32:Communist state
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10568:
10558:
10557:
10552:
10547:
10542:
10525:
10524:
10519:
10516:
10515:
10512:
10511:
10508:
10507:
10505:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10467:Hungary (1919)
10464:
10459:
10454:
10453:
10452:
10447:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10413:
10412:
10407:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10383:
10381:
10374:
10373:
10368:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10342:
10341:
10336:
10334:Czech Republic
10329:Czechoslovakia
10326:
10321:
10315:
10313:
10309:
10308:
10305:
10304:
10302:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10269:Inner Mongolia
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10249:East Turkestan
10246:
10240:
10238:
10231:
10230:
10229:
10228:
10218:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10177:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10158:
10153:
10147:
10145:
10141:
10140:
10138:
10137:
10132:
10127:
10122:
10116:
10114:
10110:
10109:
10107:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10070:
10069:
10064:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10030:
10028:
10021:
10013:
10012:
10010:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9948:
9946:
9942:
9941:
9939:
9938:
9933:
9931:United Kingdom
9927:
9925:
9921:
9920:
9918:
9917:
9912:
9911:
9910:
9902:
9901:
9900:
9890:
9888:United Kingdom
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9824:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9812:
9811:
9798:
9793:
9792:
9791:
9781:
9776:
9775:
9774:
9764:
9758:
9756:
9752:
9751:
9743:
9742:
9735:
9728:
9720:
9712:
9711:
9696:
9683:
9666:
9646:
9630:
9611:
9596:
9592:978-0906582473
9571:
9558:
9545:
9526:
9508:
9477:
9470:
9447:
9440:
9426:Đilas, Milovan
9417:
9410:
9390:
9383:
9371:Đilas, Milovan
9362:
9340:
9319:
9298:
9285:
9272:
9257:
9244:
9230:
9211:
9198:
9191:
9173:
9166:
9148:
9141:
9123:
9116:
9098:
9059:
9052:
9034:
9024:
9006:
8999:
8981:
8974:
8956:
8945:
8927:
8908:
8895:
8876:
8864:978-0190695545
8841:
8830:
8812:
8793:
8776:
8755:
8742:
8729:
8705:
8682:
8664:
8639:
8626:
8607:
8586:
8565:
8542:
8527:
8505:
8489:
8466:
8447:
8426:
8404:
8391:
8383:Scruton, Roger
8374:
8358:
8342:
8327:. Marxists.org
8311:
8296:
8281:
8268:978-0801480072
8267:
8241:
8224:
8217:
8197:
8190:
8170:
8163:
8143:
8125:
8118:
8098:
8091:
8071:
8064:
8044:
8037:
8017:
8010:
7984:
7977:
7957:
7950:
7930:
7923:
7903:
7896:
7876:
7869:
7849:
7842:
7822:
7815:
7795:
7768:
7755:
7738:
7721:
7688:
7675:
7671:978-1845294854
7652:
7622:
7591:
7577:
7564:
7534:
7508:
7482:
7468:
7454:
7437:
7416:
7395:
7373:
7348:
7329:
7312:
7305:
7299:. p. 94.
7283:
7276:
7258:
7247:(4): 1289–1305
7227:
7214:
7201:
7186:
7182:978-0745000480
7162:
7155:
7135:
7109:
7079:
7057:
7035:
7002:
6968:
6953:
6928:
6913:
6888:
6877:
6856:
6841:
6816:
6788:
6772:
6742:
6720:
6707:
6694:
6681:
6668:
6655:
6642:
6629:
6616:
6597:
6566:
6556:978-0262182348
6555:
6534:
6524:978-0875484495
6523:
6502:
6492:978-0202362281
6491:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6425:
6411:
6395:
6392:
6388:neo-Ba'athists
6343:
6340:
6294:
6291:
6269:exchange-value
6201:
6198:
6126:Amadeo Bordiga
6068:William Morris
6054:without state
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5972:Main article:
5969:
5966:
5948:
5941:
5940:
5927:Vladimir Lenin
5925:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5914:
5910:workers' state
5849:vanguard party
5845:Vladimir Lenin
5833:Main article:
5830:
5827:
5769:
5766:
5685:Main article:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5597:vanguard party
5578:Czechoslovakia
5544:following the
5542:Russian Empire
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5481:
5474:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5448:
5436:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5409:Third-Worldism
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5369:
5364:
5362:Post-communism
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5311:Anti-communism
5308:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5269:
5267:Related topics
5266:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4956:Czechoslovakia
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4549:Thomas Sankara
4546:
4541:
4536:
4534:Erich Honecker
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4484:Agostinho Neto
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4449:Khalid Bakdash
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4379:Võ Nguyên Giáp
4376:
4371:
4366:
4364:Maurice Thorez
4361:
4356:
4354:Ehmetjan Qasim
4351:
4346:
4344:Ernst Thälmann
4341:
4336:
4331:
4329:Vladimir Lenin
4325:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4191:
4186:
4184:Social fascism
4181:
4179:Self-criticism
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4050:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4025:
4022:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3861:
3847:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3783:United Kingdom
3780:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3237:
3232:
3230:Social justice
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3121:Representative
3118:
3113:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3033:
3031:Labor movement
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2974:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2955:
2952:
2927:Ba'ath parties
2915:Arab socialist
2875:
2872:
2812:egalitarianism
2804:class struggle
2796:family lineage
2677:remaining its
2630:
2627:
2580:vanguard party
2403:workers' state
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2331:Hybrid regimes
2328:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2311:
2306:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2262:Regional power
2259:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2212:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Puppet monarch
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2002:
2000:State religion
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1871:Constitutional
1868:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1832:
1830:Power ideology
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1797:
1796:
1794:(rule by none)
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1766:
1758:
1757:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1646:Representative
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1619:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1576:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1394:Libertarianism
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1343:Related topics
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
638:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
372:
371:
370:
365:
360:
355:
345:
344:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
313:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
290:
285:
280:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
214:Labour voucher
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
124:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:
87:
86:
81:
75:
72:
71:
63:
62:
56:
55:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10567:
10556:
10553:
10551:
10548:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10540:Republicanism
10538:
10537:
10535:
10522:
10517:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10443:
10442:
10440:
10438:
10437:Crimea (1919)
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10402:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10384:
10382:
10378:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10331:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10316:
10314:
10310:
10300:
10299:South Vietnam
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10241:
10239:
10235:
10227:
10226:North Vietnam
10224:
10223:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10161:
10159:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10148:
10146:
10142:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10117:
10115:
10111:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10059:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10031:
10029:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10014:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9949:
9947:
9943:
9937:
9936:United States
9934:
9932:
9929:
9928:
9926:
9922:
9916:
9913:
9909:
9906:
9905:
9903:
9899:
9896:
9895:
9894:
9893:United States
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9810:
9807:
9806:
9805:
9802:
9801:
9799:
9797:
9794:
9790:
9787:
9786:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9773:
9772:New Australia
9770:
9769:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9759:
9757:
9753:
9748:
9741:
9736:
9734:
9729:
9727:
9722:
9721:
9718:
9708:
9707:
9700:
9693:
9687:
9680:
9676:
9670:
9663:
9659:
9655:
9654:Frank, Pierre
9650:
9643:
9639:
9634:
9627:
9626:
9621:
9615:
9608:
9607:
9600:
9593:
9589:
9585:
9581:
9575:
9568:
9562:
9555:
9549:
9542:
9538:
9537:
9530:
9523:
9511:
9509:9780195204698
9505:
9501:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9481:
9473:
9471:0-929087-48-8
9467:
9463:
9462:
9457:
9456:Trotsky, Leon
9451:
9443:
9441:0-679-43325-2
9437:
9433:
9432:
9427:
9421:
9413:
9411:0-15-693125-7
9407:
9403:
9402:
9394:
9386:
9384:0-15-665489-X
9380:
9376:
9372:
9366:
9350:
9344:
9337:
9333:
9329:
9323:
9316:
9312:
9308:
9302:
9295:
9289:
9282:
9276:
9269:
9268:
9261:
9254:
9248:
9240:
9234:
9227:
9223:
9222:
9215:
9208:
9202:
9194:
9192:9781136793455
9188:
9184:
9177:
9169:
9167:9780691124674
9163:
9159:
9152:
9144:
9142:9780275947637
9138:
9134:
9127:
9119:
9113:
9109:
9102:
9094:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9070:
9063:
9055:
9053:9781108424813
9049:
9045:
9038:
9031:
9027:
9025:9780191667527
9021:
9017:
9010:
9002:
9000:9781136231438
8996:
8992:
8985:
8977:
8975:9781134024056
8971:
8967:
8960:
8953:
8948:
8942:
8938:
8931:
8924:
8923:
8918:
8912:
8905:
8899:
8892:
8888:
8887:
8880:
8873:
8869:
8865:
8861:
8857:
8853:
8852:
8845:
8838:
8833:
8827:
8823:
8816:
8809:
8805:
8804:
8797:
8790:
8786:
8780:
8773:
8769:
8765:
8759:
8752:
8746:
8739:
8733:
8726:
8722:
8718:
8712:
8710:
8693:
8686:
8679:
8673:
8671:
8669:
8661:
8657:
8653:
8649:
8643:
8636:
8630:
8623:
8618:
8611:
8604:
8600:
8596:
8590:
8583:
8579:
8575:
8569:
8562:
8561:9780199585977
8558:
8554:
8553:
8546:
8539:
8538:
8531:
8524:
8520:
8519:
8512:
8510:
8502:
8498:
8493:
8477:
8470:
8463:
8462:
8457:
8451:
8444:
8443:9781412837330
8440:
8436:
8430:
8423:
8419:
8418:
8411:
8409:
8401:
8395:
8388:
8384:
8378:
8371:
8367:
8362:
8355:
8351:
8346:
8339:
8326:
8322:
8315:
8307:
8300:
8292:
8285:
8270:
8264:
8260:
8255:
8254:
8245:
8238:
8234:
8228:
8220:
8214:
8210:
8209:
8201:
8193:
8191:9781134065219
8187:
8183:
8182:
8174:
8166:
8164:9781317463764
8160:
8156:
8155:
8147:
8139:
8135:
8129:
8121:
8119:9780521774017
8115:
8111:
8110:
8102:
8094:
8092:9781560729693
8088:
8084:
8083:
8075:
8067:
8065:9780792332183
8061:
8057:
8056:
8048:
8040:
8038:9789041137920
8034:
8030:
8029:
8021:
8013:
8007:
8003:
7999:
7995:
7988:
7980:
7978:9781783082353
7974:
7970:
7969:
7961:
7953:
7951:9783319730714
7947:
7943:
7942:
7934:
7926:
7924:9780761475477
7920:
7916:
7915:
7907:
7899:
7897:9783447060950
7893:
7889:
7888:
7880:
7872:
7870:9781317805113
7866:
7862:
7861:
7853:
7845:
7843:9781135940102
7839:
7835:
7834:
7826:
7818:
7816:9780881325461
7812:
7808:
7807:
7799:
7783:
7779:
7772:
7765:
7759:
7752:
7748:
7742:
7735:
7731:
7725:
7718:
7702:
7695:
7693:
7685:
7679:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7663:
7656:
7640:
7636:
7632:
7626:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7595:
7587:
7581:
7574:
7568:
7561:
7549:
7545:
7538:
7523:
7519:
7512:
7497:
7493:
7486:
7478:
7472:
7464:
7458:
7451:
7447:
7441:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7420:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7399:
7383:
7377:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7352:
7345:
7344:
7339:
7333:
7326:
7322:
7316:
7308:
7306:9780804754088
7302:
7298:
7294:
7287:
7279:
7277:9781538129050
7273:
7269:
7262:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7231:
7224:
7218:
7211:
7205:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7169:
7167:
7158:
7156:9781136927393
7152:
7148:
7147:
7139:
7132:
7131:9781137427816
7128:
7124:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7106:
7102:
7101:9781111305505
7098:
7094:
7088:
7086:
7084:
7076:
7072:
7066:
7064:
7062:
7054:
7050:
7044:
7042:
7040:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7011:
7009:
7007:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6975:
6973:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6950:
6946:
6939:
6937:
6935:
6933:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6910:
6906:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6885:
6880:
6874:
6870:
6863:
6861:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6838:
6834:
6827:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6813:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6795:
6793:
6785:
6779:
6777:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6756:
6749:
6747:
6739:
6735:
6734:
6727:
6725:
6717:
6711:
6704:
6698:
6691:
6685:
6678:
6672:
6665:
6659:
6652:
6646:
6639:
6633:
6626:
6620:
6613:
6611:
6607:
6600:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6581:
6573:
6571:
6563:
6558:
6552:
6548:
6541:
6539:
6531:
6526:
6520:
6516:
6509:
6507:
6499:
6494:
6488:
6484:
6477:
6475:
6470:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6431:
6426:
6423:
6417:
6412:
6409:
6398:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6339:
6337:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6282:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6223:
6218:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6186:Joseph Stalin
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6148:organized by
6147:
6144:; and that a
6143:
6139:
6138:popular front
6136:; the use of
6135:
6131:
6127:
6123:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5985:
5981:
5975:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5945:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5922:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5891:Joseph Stalin
5888:
5884:
5880:
5879:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5836:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5814:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5800:
5794:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5765:
5763:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5747:Paris Commune
5743:
5739:
5735:
5730:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5688:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5665:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5534:its aftermath
5531:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5487:
5482:
5480:
5475:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5330:Mass killings
5328:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5317:
5316:Mass killings
5314:
5313:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5164:Organizations
5161:
5160:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4868:Prague Spring
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4610:
4609:Todor Zhivkov
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4584:Harry Pollitt
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Samora Machel
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4509:Hardial Bains
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:Deng Xiaoping
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4404:Mátyás Rákosi
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4334:Joseph Stalin
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4291:Khrushchevism
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4243:Unified power
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:Popular front
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4004:
4003:neoliberalism
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3933:Aneurin Bevan
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3902:
3897:
3895:
3890:
3888:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3789:
3788:United States
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3718:Organizations
3714:
3713:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3283:
3282:Welfare state
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:Progressivism
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3178:Mixed economy
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2291:
2290:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:Confederation
2216:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Unitary state
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2092:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2016:
2015:State atheism
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:Secular state
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Authoritarian
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:Parliamentary
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1674:(rule by few)
1672:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1462:Related lists
1460:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:Progressivism
1417:
1415:
1414:Nanosocialism
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:Organizations
1315:
1314:
1307:
1306:Ocasio-Cortez
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:van der Lubbe
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
763:Chernyshevsky
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
647:Intellectuals
644:
643:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
580:Revolutionary
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
515:Laissez-faire
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
420:Authoritarian
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
389:
384:
383:
376:
373:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
349:
346:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
302:
301:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
275:
272:
270:
269:Strike action
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
174:Equal liberty
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
130:
129:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
98:
92:
91:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
74:
73:
69:
65:
64:
61:
58:
57:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
10397:Baranya–Baja
10366:Soviet Union
10346:East Germany
10044:Burkina Faso
10018:
9705:
9699:
9686:
9678:
9669:
9661:
9649:
9641:
9633:
9623:
9614:
9605:
9599:
9579:
9574:
9561:
9548:
9534:
9529:
9520:
9513:. Retrieved
9495:
9491:"Capitalism"
9480:
9460:
9450:
9430:
9420:
9400:
9393:
9374:
9365:
9353:. Retrieved
9343:
9335:
9331:
9322:
9314:
9310:
9301:
9288:
9275:
9266:
9260:
9247:
9233:
9219:
9214:
9201:
9182:
9176:
9157:
9151:
9132:
9126:
9107:
9101:
9079:(6): 68–74.
9076:
9072:
9062:
9043:
9037:
9029:
9015:
9009:
8990:
8984:
8965:
8959:
8950:
8936:
8930:
8920:
8911:
8898:
8884:
8879:
8850:
8844:
8835:
8821:
8815:
8808:"Chapther 5"
8801:
8796:
8784:
8779:
8763:
8758:
8750:
8745:
8737:
8732:
8696:. Retrieved
8685:
8651:
8642:
8629:
8620:
8616:
8610:
8602:
8598:
8589:
8581:
8577:
8568:
8551:
8545:
8535:
8530:
8516:
8500:
8492:
8480:. Retrieved
8469:
8460:
8450:
8434:
8429:
8415:
8399:
8394:
8386:
8377:
8369:
8361:
8353:
8345:
8336:
8329:. Retrieved
8324:
8314:
8305:
8299:
8290:
8284:
8272:. Retrieved
8252:
8244:
8236:
8227:
8207:
8200:
8180:
8173:
8153:
8146:
8137:
8128:
8108:
8101:
8081:
8074:
8054:
8047:
8027:
8020:
7993:
7987:
7967:
7960:
7940:
7933:
7913:
7906:
7886:
7879:
7859:
7852:
7832:
7825:
7805:
7798:
7786:. Retrieved
7782:the original
7771:
7763:
7758:
7750:
7741:
7724:
7715:
7708:. Retrieved
7683:
7678:
7660:
7655:
7643:. Retrieved
7639:the original
7634:
7625:
7613:. Retrieved
7609:the original
7605:Morning Star
7604:
7594:
7580:
7567:
7558:
7551:. Retrieved
7547:
7537:
7525:. Retrieved
7521:
7511:
7499:. Retrieved
7495:
7485:
7471:
7457:
7450:The Guardian
7449:
7440:
7419:
7398:
7386:. Retrieved
7376:
7356:
7351:
7343:Acta Koreana
7341:
7332:
7324:
7323:. v.3, n.1.
7315:
7292:
7286:
7267:
7261:
7249:. Retrieved
7244:
7240:
7230:
7222:
7217:
7209:
7204:
7195:
7189:
7173:
7145:
7138:
7122:
7092:
7074:
7052:
7018:
6993:. Retrieved
6988:
6984:
6944:
6904:
6882:
6868:
6832:
6803:
6754:
6731:
6710:
6697:
6684:
6671:
6658:
6645:
6632:
6619:
6602:
6584:
6560:
6546:
6528:
6514:
6496:
6482:
6380:nationalized
6356:Leon Trotsky
6345:
6332:
6316:councillists
6302:level in an
6296:
6284:
6260:
6256:
6254:
6250:law of value
6246:Soviet Union
6229:
6225:
6221:
6219:
6203:
6194:Eastern Bloc
6119:
6077:
6071:
6033:
6026:syndicalists
6011:
5991:theories as
5980:Soviet Union
5977:
5950:Leon Trotsky
5931:Soviet Union
5903:
5883:Leon Trotsky
5876:
5874:
5857:April Theses
5838:
5816:
5811:
5803:
5796:
5791:
5771:
5758:
5750:
5736:philosopher
5731:
5690:
5669:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5638:
5592:
5590:
5581:
5573:
5569:
5554:Eastern Bloc
5537:
5507:
5501:
5495:
5384:Second World
5098:Turkmenistan
5033:Soviet Union
4973:East Germany
4796:2002–present
4766:Eastern Bloc
4744:World War II
4692:Soviet Union
4569:Alfonso Cano
4524:Gustáv Husák
4514:Sanzō Nosaka
4479:Fidel Castro
4384:Earl Browder
4228:Third Period
4215:
4018:Lee Kuan Yew
4007:
3975:Nordic model
3959:
3954:
3910:
3863:
3849:
3835:
3239:
3168:Labor rights
3053:Nordic model
3026:Keynesianism
2936:social state
2935:
2930:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2883:
2859:constitution
2835:constitution
2816:
2791:
2782:
2770:
2764:
2738:
2710:Eastern Bloc
2695:
2632:
2611:Western Bloc
2600:
2561:
2533:hierarchical
2510:
2473:
2467:
2446:
2421:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2267:Middle power
2194:Vassal state
2188:Buffer state
2186:
2162:Puppet state
2157:Protectorate
2133:Client state
2123:Principality
1949:Distributism
1891:Presidential
1769:Dictatorship
1693:Gerontocracy
1615:rule by many
1588:
1572:Part of the
1438:
475:Evolutionary
395:21st-century
189:Freed market
44:
10380:Short-lived
10237:Short-lived
10206:South Yemen
10191:North Korea
10151:Afghanistan
9868:New Zealand
9863:Netherlands
8482:27 December
8366:"Socialism"
8274:19 December
7645:31 December
7615:25 December
7553:27 December
7527:27 December
7501:27 December
7426:. Cubanet.
7388:25 December
7340:, v.9, n.1
6995:27 December
6738:"Chapter 5"
6580:"Socialism"
6382:economy as
6360:degenerated
6348:Trotskyists
6330:" in 1989.
6277:wage labour
6196:countries.
6176:is neither
6018:libertarian
5993:degenerated
5906:wither away
5825:groupings.
5706:bourgeoisie
5530:World War I
5367:Red fascism
5028:South Yemen
5008:North Korea
4901:Afghanistan
4828:Vietnam War
4818:Warsaw Pact
4734:Great Purge
4719:Great Break
4589:Harpal Brar
4529:János Kádár
4499:Kim Il Sung
4474:Che Guevara
4439:Enver Hoxha
4374:Ho Chi Minh
4233:Vanguardism
4154:Partiinost'
4024:Terminology
3911:During the
3267:Trade union
3163:Land reform
3046:Revisionist
2919:nationalist
2800:nationalism
2775:Kim Jong Il
2757:Kim Il Sung
2734:Third World
2696:During the
2607:Soviet Bloc
2545:libertarian
2457:multi-party
2420:. The term
2272:Great power
2257:Small power
2199:Viceroyalty
2070:Nationalism
1934:Colonialism
1914:Libertarian
1876:Directorial
1753:rule by one
1733:Technocracy
1728:Stratocracy
1708:Meritocracy
1698:Kleptocracy
1688:Aristocracy
1506:WikiProject
1384:French Left
1176:Spiridonova
1075:Politicians
988:Castoriadis
668:Saint-Simon
620:Third World
615:Syndicalism
550:Nationalist
525:Libertarian
490:Free-market
353:Lange model
341:Soviet-type
311:Communalism
283:Vanguardism
239:Spontaneism
149:Cooperative
95:Development
10534:Categories
10492:Tarnobrzeg
10417:Bessarabia
10371:Yugoslavia
10094:Seychelles
10089:Mozambique
10084:Madagascar
10007:Vietnamese
10002:Venezuelan
9992:Nicaraguan
9987:Melanesian
9904:Venezuela
9816:Kuomintang
9809:since 1978
9779:Bangladesh
9755:By country
9749:by country
9692:"About Us"
9226:"Contents"
9117:0873323238
9069:Xue Muqiao
8772:B01B997S8W
8599:Commonweal
8331:12 January
7710:8 December
7369:0815764359
7053:Commentary
6465:References
6352:Tony Cliff
6342:Trotskyism
6312:anarchists
6300:grassroots
6130:capitalism
6107:Mensheviks
6105:, and the
6072:Commonweal
6022:mutualists
6014:democratic
5974:Trotskyism
5869:Bolsheviks
5724:displaces
5566:Yugoslavia
5288:Trotskyism
5273:Bolshevism
5140:Montenegro
5120:Yugoslavia
5108:Uzbekistan
5093:Tajikistan
5068:Kyrgyzstan
5063:Kazakhstan
5043:Azerbaijan
5003:Mozambique
4895:By country
4803:Korean War
4599:Xi Jinping
4559:Siad Barre
4489:Lúcio Lara
4339:Mao Zedong
4028:See also:
3525:Hilferding
3390:Betancourt
3380:Ben-Gurion
3272:Tripartism
3245:Capitalism
3220:Secularism
3148:Gradualism
3143:Fair trade
3116:Industrial
2954:Other uses
2878:See also:
2853:under the
2843:capitalism
2718:governance
2681:until the
2645:, and the
2557:capitalism
2551:Marxists,
2482:Bangladesh
2277:Superpower
2233:Superstate
2228:Federation
2223:Devolution
2209:Federalism
2050:City-state
1723:Plutocracy
1718:Particracy
1582:government
1477:Socialists
1472:By country
1354:Capitalism
1236:Mitterrand
1201:Gerhardsen
1146:Liebknecht
1131:Markievicz
1058:Varoufakis
1008:Fotopoulos
678:Saint-Just
673:Buonarroti
658:Campanella
595:Scientific
530:Marhaenism
485:Fourierism
470:Ecological
450:Democratic
10545:Socialism
10450:1939–1940
10405:1918–1919
10174:1982–1992
10169:1979–1992
10164:1975–1979
10160:Cambodia
10135:Nicaragua
10067:1987–1991
10062:1974–1987
10058:Ethiopia
9997:Tanzanian
9878:Sri Lanka
9821:Hong Kong
9804:Communist
9767:Australia
9762:Argentina
9747:Socialism
9584:"Preface"
9488:(1985) .
9458:(1991) .
9373:(1983) .
9242:victory."
7751:Dissident
7466:society."
7251:10 August
7075:Dissident
6963:182529204
6923:182529204
6851:182529204
6328:Stalinism
6261:socialism
6257:socialism
6230:socialism
6226:socialism
6222:communism
6210:socialism
6206:communism
6190:communism
6134:socialism
6095:Bolshevik
6079:Classical
6030:bourgeois
5895:Stalinism
5823:Menshevik
5774:reformism
5692:Karl Marx
5591:The term
5526:Narodniks
5372:Red Scare
5357:New class
5175:Comintern
5135:Macedonia
5078:Lithuania
4925:Cambodia
4791:1989–2002
4786:1976–1989
4781:1949–1976
4712:1982–1991
4707:1964–1982
4702:1953–1964
4697:1927–1953
4504:Chin Peng
4359:José Díaz
4306:Stalinism
4266:Guevarism
4261:Castroism
4216:Socialist
3983:dirigisme
3818:Socialism
3806:Communism
3767:By region
3705:Zhordania
3650:Plekhanov
3620:MacDonald
3615:Luxemburg
3500:Gaitskell
3460:Daszyński
3425:Callaghan
3385:Bernstein
3325:Third Way
3250:Socialism
3208:Socialism
3198:Reformism
3128:Dirigisme
3106:Democracy
3063:Socialism
2931:socialist
2911:socialism
2907:socialism
2900:socialist
2851:reunified
2847:socialism
2819:communism
2700:in 1961,
2541:classical
2521:Stalinism
2502:Sri Lanka
2498:Nicaragua
2448:communist
2443:socialism
2432:one-party
2418:socialism
2411:sovereign
2104:Unitarism
2080:Globalism
1986:Religious
1974:Tribalism
1964:Socialism
1959:Feudalism
1944:Despotism
1939:Communism
1929:Anarchism
1866:Communist
1813:Stateless
1803:Anarchism
1764:Despotism
1748:Autocracy
1738:Theocracy
1703:Kritarchy
1671:Oligarchy
1656:Socialist
1610:Democracy
1349:Anarchism
1271:Gorbachev
1121:Malatesta
1116:Bernstein
893:Pankhurst
873:Pannekoek
863:Luxemburg
818:Plekhanov
793:Carpenter
788:Kropotkin
585:Ricardian
575:Religious
570:Reformism
555:Nkrumaism
545:Municipal
445:Communism
440:Christian
425:Blanquism
415:Anarchism
358:Mutualism
60:Socialism
10502:Würzburg
10477:Naissaar
10441:Finland
10401:Bavaria
10339:Slovakia
10324:Bulgaria
10254:Far East
10201:Mongolia
10113:Americas
9977:European
9908:Chavismo
9873:Pakistan
9522:changed.
9515:30 April
9428:(1998).
8917:"Part I"
8891:"Part I"
8721:Archived
8698:25 March
8656:Archived
8499:(1996).
8385:(2007).
7428:Archived
7407:Archived
7027:Archived
7023:Aufheben
6808:Archived
6764:Archived
6760:Aufheben
6394:See also
6324:Marxists
6320:leftists
6214:Leninist
6200:Leninism
6182:Leninism
6111:planning
6083:orthodox
6066:such as
5997:deformed
5954:Red Army
5835:Leninism
5782:revision
5672:states.
5618:Leninist
5524:and the
5518:populist
5300:See also
5278:Leninism
5150:Slovenia
5048:Byelarus
4998:Mongolia
4978:Ethiopia
4966:Slovakia
4921:Bulgaria
4761:Cold War
4579:Gus Hall
4286:Kádárism
4281:Husakism
4276:Hoxhaism
4255:Variants
4204:Yugoslav
4064:Concepts
4039:a series
4037:Part of
3973:and the
3949:hedonism
3675:Stauning
3600:Lévesque
3585:Lassalle
3565:Kerensky
3555:Katayama
3545:Jumblatt
3510:González
3445:Crosland
3430:Cárdenas
3415:Branting
3345:Ambedkar
3294:Variants
3111:Economic
3090:Concepts
3041:Orthodox
3016:Humanism
2963:a series
2961:Part of
2629:Overview
2549:orthodox
2537:oxymoron
2506:Tanzania
2152:Dominion
1881:Legalist
1861:Absolute
1846:Republic
1841:Monarchy
1713:Noocracy
1683:Anocracy
1636:Economic
1626:Demarchy
1467:Category
1206:Erlander
1166:Kerensky
1136:Connolly
993:Thompson
978:Bookchin
968:Montseny
918:Vanzetti
883:Einstein
853:Landauer
758:Saltykov
753:Lassalle
713:Proudhon
495:Gandhian
480:Feminist
430:Buddhist
410:Agrarian
388:Variants
52:a series
50:Part of
10472:Ireland
10462:Galicia
10361:Romania
10319:Albania
10274:Jiangxi
10221:Vietnam
10125:Grenada
10099:Somalia
9982:Israeli
9972:Chinese
9967:Burmese
9962:British
9952:African
9924:History
9915:Vietnam
9883:Tunisia
9833:Finland
9828:Estonia
9355:25 June
9093:3516910
7734:3998375
6985:Forward
6368:Central
6362:into a
6178:Marxism
6060:statism
6050:of the
5861:soviets
5696:Marxist
5586:Albania
5562:Romania
5170:Comecon
5130:Croatia
5115:Vietnam
5103:Ukraine
5083:Moldova
5058:Georgia
5053:Estonia
5038:Armenia
5023:Somalia
5018:Romania
4988:Hungary
4983:Grenada
4961:Czechia
4934:1979–92
4929:1975–79
4906:Albania
4686:History
4464:Pol Pot
4311:Titoism
3800:Related
3778:Germany
3773:Austria
3695:Whitlam
3685:Den Uyl
3665:Sanders
3660:Russell
3625:Mandela
3560:Kautsky
3540:Jenkins
3515:Goulart
3470:Douglas
3365:Awolowo
3350:Allende
3277:Welfare
3036:Marxism
2989:History
2861:of the
2837:of the
2821:in the
2657:in its
2615:Britain
2525:Titoism
2478:Algeria
2409:, is a
2294:Related
1989:Secular
1954:Fascism
1791:Anarchy
1781:Tyranny
1641:Liberal
1301:Sánchez
1286:Sankara
1246:Mandela
1231:Kreisky
1221:Allende
1216:Senghor
1211:Douglas
1196:Durruti
1161:Trotsky
1053:Graeber
1033:Hampton
1003:Chomsky
948:Marcuse
933:Gramsci
923:Bordiga
913:Polanyi
868:Russell
858:Berkman
848:Goldman
838:Du Bois
808:Kautsky
803:Bellamy
768:Tolstoy
743:Wallace
728:Bakunin
718:Greeley
708:Blanqui
688:Fourier
635:Zionist
625:Utopian
565:Popular
560:Owenism
540:Marxism
520:Liberal
505:Islamic
465:Ethical
460:Digital
435:Chinese
400:African
84:Outline
79:History
10482:Saxony
10427:Bremen
10356:Poland
10312:Europe
10279:Kuwait
10259:Fujian
10074:Guinea
10034:Angola
10027:Africa
9843:Greece
9838:France
9800:China
9796:Canada
9789:Lulism
9784:Brazil
9590:
9506:
9468:
9438:
9408:
9381:
9189:
9164:
9139:
9114:
9091:
9050:
9022:
8997:
8972:
8943:
8862:
8828:
8789:p. 134
8770:
8559:
8441:
8265:
8215:
8188:
8161:
8116:
8089:
8062:
8035:
8008:
7975:
7948:
7921:
7894:
7867:
7840:
7813:
7788:10 May
7732:
7717:1990s.
7669:
7367:
7303:
7274:
7180:
7153:
7129:
7099:
6961:
6951:
6921:
6911:
6875:
6849:
6839:
6595:
6553:
6521:
6489:
6322:, and
6273:profit
6024:, and
5885:, the
5550:Allied
5377:Second
5145:Serbia
5088:Russia
5073:Latvia
5013:Poland
4911:Angola
4323:People
4296:Maoism
4199:Soviet
3700:Wilson
3680:Thomas
3670:Savage
3635:Myrdal
3590:Layton
3570:Kéthly
3550:Junmai
3535:Jaurès
3520:Hardie
3505:Gandhi
3495:Fraser
3490:Engels
3485:Ecevit
3455:Curtin
3450:Corbyn
3410:Brandt
3395:Bhutto
3360:Attlee
3355:Ardern
3338:People
2944:Rojava
2747:. The
2720:, and
2708:. The
2641:, the
2619:France
2547:, and
2517:Maoism
2486:Guyana
2118:Empire
2030:Global
1661:Others
1651:Social
1631:Direct
1296:Marcos
1291:Chávez
1281:Corbyn
1256:Manley
1251:Dubček
1241:Nasser
1181:Makhno
1171:Attlee
1156:Martov
1141:Gandhi
1096:Babeuf
1086:Mazdak
1048:Hedges
1028:Öcalan
1013:Newton
973:Sartre
963:Guérin
958:Orwell
908:Korsch
903:Lukács
888:Keller
878:Rocker
823:Ferrer
778:Morris
773:Michel
748:Lavrov
738:Engels
723:Herzen
698:Leroux
630:Yellow
535:Market
510:Jewish
305:Models
10497:Užice
10432:Bihać
10392:Banat
10264:Gilan
10211:Syria
10181:China
10156:Burma
10130:Chile
10104:Sudan
10079:Libya
10054:Egypt
10039:Benin
9858:Italy
9848:India
9622:. In
9089:JSTOR
7730:JSTOR
7704:(PDF)
6346:Some
6336:class
6097:-led
6046:) or
6012:Many
5712:as a
4946:Congo
4941:China
4916:Benin
4776:China
4211:State
3655:Prodi
3645:Palme
3640:Nehru
3595:Lenin
3580:Lagos
3530:İnönü
3480:Ebert
3475:Drees
3440:Craxi
3435:Clark
3420:Brown
3405:Blanc
3400:Blair
3375:Bebel
2802:over
2792:Juche
2785:made
2783:Juche
2771:Juche
2766:Juche
2623:Italy
2494:Nepal
2490:India
2462:make
2414:state
2397:, or
2035:Local
1482:Songs
1456:Lists
1261:Palme
1111:Bebel
1101:Blanc
1063:Saito
1038:Žižek
1018:Wolff
953:James
938:Sacco
928:Serge
898:Volin
843:Gorky
833:Wells
828:Dewey
813:Wilde
798:Sorel
783:Jones
693:Cabet
663:Paine
610:State
600:Sewer
500:Guild
278:needs
133:Ideas
10445:1918
10410:1919
10216:Tuva
10196:Laos
10186:Iraq
10144:Asia
10120:Cuba
9957:Arab
9853:Iran
9588:ISBN
9517:2017
9504:ISBN
9466:ISBN
9436:ISBN
9406:ISBN
9379:ISBN
9357:2019
9187:ISBN
9162:ISBN
9137:ISBN
9112:ISBN
9048:ISBN
9020:ISBN
8995:ISBN
8970:ISBN
8941:ISBN
8860:ISBN
8826:ISBN
8768:ASIN
8700:2019
8557:ISBN
8484:2019
8439:ISBN
8333:2016
8276:2014
8263:ISBN
8261:–6.
8213:ISBN
8186:ISBN
8159:ISBN
8114:ISBN
8087:ISBN
8060:ISBN
8033:ISBN
8006:ISBN
7973:ISBN
7946:ISBN
7919:ISBN
7892:ISBN
7865:ISBN
7838:ISBN
7811:ISBN
7790:2006
7712:2018
7667:ISBN
7647:2015
7617:2015
7555:2019
7529:2019
7503:2019
7461:The
7390:2015
7365:ISBN
7301:ISBN
7272:ISBN
7253:2020
7178:ISBN
7151:ISBN
7127:ISBN
7097:ISBN
6997:2015
6959:OCLC
6949:ISBN
6919:OCLC
6909:ISBN
6873:ISBN
6847:OCLC
6837:ISBN
6593:ISBN
6551:ISBN
6530:all.
6519:ISBN
6487:ISBN
6224:and
6208:and
6180:nor
6113:and
6081:and
6016:and
5821:and
5668:and
5564:and
5532:and
5506:and
4993:Laos
4951:Cuba
4127:Foco
3690:Webb
3630:Marx
3575:Kirk
3465:Debs
3203:Left
2889:and
2845:and
2810:and
2798:and
2739:The
2728:and
2574:and
2504:and
2428:West
1276:Lula
1191:Nagy
1186:Tito
1151:Blum
1126:Debs
1106:Hong
1091:Roux
1043:West
998:Ward
983:Zinn
733:Marx
683:Owen
653:More
405:Arab
331:OGAS
9081:doi
9071:".
8868:doi
7998:doi
6991:(1)
6608:or
6589:289
5995:or
2942:of
2598:.
2527:or
2472:or
2405:or
1266:Che
1023:Ali
943:Day
703:Sue
10536::
9677:.
9660:.
9582:.
9539:.
9519:.
9502:.
9500:52
9494:.
9336:65
9334:.
9330:.
9315:10
9313:.
9309:.
9224:.
9087:.
9077:11
9075:.
9028:.
8949:.
8919:.
8889:.
8866:.
8854:.
8834:.
8806:.
8719:.
8708:^
8667:^
8654:.
8650:.
8601:.
8597:.
8580:.
8576:.
8521:.
8508:^
8420:.
8407:^
8368:.
8352:.
8335:.
8323:.
8259:85
8235:.
8136:.
8004:.
7749:.
7714:.
7691:^
7633:.
7603:.
7557:.
7546:.
7520:.
7494:.
7448:.
7405:.
7359:.
7295:.
7245:27
7243:.
7239:.
7165:^
7112:^
7082:^
7073:.
7060:^
7051:.
7038:^
7025:.
7019:27
7017:.
7005:^
6987:.
6983:.
6971:^
6957:.
6931:^
6917:.
6891:^
6881:.
6859:^
6845:.
6819:^
6806:.
6802:.
6791:^
6775:^
6762:.
6745:^
6736:.
6723:^
6601:.
6591:.
6583:.
6569:^
6559:.
6537:^
6527:.
6505:^
6495:.
6473:^
6318:,
6314:,
6271:,
5901:.
5808::
5740:,
5661:,
5655:,
5649:,
4041:on
4005:.
3915:,
2965:on
2693:.
2621:,
2617:,
2543:,
2523:,
2519:,
2508:.
2500:,
2496:,
2492:,
2488:,
2484:,
2480:,
2393:,
2389:A
54:on
9739:e
9732:t
9725:v
9594:.
9474:.
9444:.
9414:.
9387:.
9359:.
9195:.
9170:.
9145:.
9120:.
9095:.
9083::
9056:.
9003:.
8978:.
8874:.
8870::
8791:.
8774:.
8727:.
8702:.
8662:.
8637:.
8603:6
8582:2
8563:.
8486:.
8445:.
8278:.
8221:.
8194:.
8167:.
8122:.
8095:.
8068:.
8041:.
8014:.
8000::
7981:.
7954:.
7927:.
7900:.
7873:.
7846:.
7819:.
7792:.
7736:.
7673:.
7649:.
7619:.
7588:.
7575:.
7531:.
7505:.
7479:.
7392:.
7309:.
7280:.
7255:.
7184:.
7159:.
7033:.
6999:.
6989:9
6965:.
6925:.
6853:.
6770:.
5960:.
5937:.
5666:,
5485:e
5478:t
5471:v
3900:e
3893:t
3886:v
3814:"
3810:"
2917:/
2378:e
2371:t
2364:v
1755:)
1751:(
1617:)
1613:(
1558:e
1551:t
1544:v
1508:)
1504:(
276:/
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.