Leninism - Knowledge

3258: 3551: 3498:. The soviets comprised representative committees from the factories and the trade unions but excluded the capitalist social class to establish a proletarian government by and for the working class and the peasants. Concerning the political disenfranchisement of the capitalist social class in Bolshevik Russia, Lenin said that "depriving the exploiters of the franchise is a purely Russian question, and not a question of the dictatorship of the proletariat, in general. ... In which countries ...democracy for the exploiters will be, in one or another form, restricted ...is a question of the specific national features of this or that capitalism." In chapter five of 4528: 5004: 3470: 10915: 4212: 9727: 3009: 633: 929: 657: 10927: 88: 5036:“enemies of the party", "had worked with Lenin during his life”. He also contrasted the “severe methods” used by Lenin in the “most necessary cases” as a “struggle for survival” during the Civil War with the extreme methods and mass repressions used by Stalin even when the Revolution was “already victorious”. In his memoirs, Khrushchev argued that Stalin's widespread purges of the "most advanced nucleus of people" among the 44: 9739: 3033: 645: 4882: 3021: 3244:—Uneven economic and political development is an absolute law of capitalism. Hence the victory of socialism is possible, first in several, or even in one capitalist country taken separately. The victorious proletariat of that country, having expropriated the capitalists and organised its own socialist production, would stand up against the rest of the world, the capitalist world. 4920:, argue that "one could list the various measures carried out by Stalin that were actually a continuation of anti-democratic trends and measures implemented under Lenin", but that "in so many ways, Stalin acted, not in line with Lenin's clear instructions, but in defiance of them." In doing so, some historians have tried to distance Stalinism from Leninism to undermine the 3281:

groups or types of bourgeoisie within the various countries, and also by taking advantage of any, even the smallest, opportunity of winning a mass ally, even though this ally is temporary, vacillating, unstable, unreliable and conditional. Those who do not understand this reveal a failure to understand even the smallest grain of Marxism, of modern

7561:"While Trotsky was strongly biased toward industrial development, there is little basis to suppose that he would have adopted Stalin’s forcible collectivization, slapdash economic planning, anti expert campaigns, or cultural know-nothingism. Neither Trotsky nor Bukharin would have pursued anything like Stalin’s pseudo-revolutionary “ 3257: 3326:

understanding the lines of march, the conditions, and the ultimate general results of the proletarian movement. The immediate aim of the Communists is the same as that of all other proletarian parties: Formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy, conquest of political power by the proletariat.

3364:(1902), Lenin said that a revolutionary vanguard party, recruited from the working class, should lead the political campaign because only in that way would the proletariat successfully realise their revolution; unlike the economic campaign of trade-union-struggle advocated by other socialist political parties and the 3522:, a form of government opposite to the dictatorship of capital (privately owned means of production) practised in bourgeois democracies. Under soviet constitutionalism, the Leninist vanguard party would be one of many political parties competing for election to government power. Nevertheless, because of the 5244:) is today the basis of party activity. The party follows revolutionary tradition and experiences in this work during these periods of revolutionary reflux and the proliferation of opportunist theories, which had as their violent and inflexible opponents Marx, Engels, Lenin, and the Italian Left." In 4367:

othing holds up the development and strengthening of proletarian class solidarity so much as national injustice; "offended" nationals are not sensitive to anything, so much as to the feeling of equality, and the violation of this equality, if only through negligence or jest – to the violation of that

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We fight against the privileges and violence of the oppressor nation, and do not in any way condone strivings for privileges on the part of the oppressed nation. :... The bourgeois nationalism of any oppressed nation has a general democratic content that is directed against oppression, and it is

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the organisation of the vanguard of the oppressed as the ruling class for the purpose of crushing the oppressors. ... An immense expansion of democracy, which, for the first time, becomes democracy for the poor, democracy for the people, and not democracy for the rich ... and suppression by

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stated that "Under Lenin, the freedom to express a real variety of opinions existed in the party, and in carrying out political decisions, consideration was given to the positions of not only the majority, but a minority in the party". He compared this practice with subsequent leadership blocs which

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Conversely, Trotsky held that socialism in one country would economically constrain the industrial development of the Soviet Union and thus required assistance from the new socialist countries in the developed world—which was essential for maintaining soviet democracy—in 1924, much undermined by the

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determined the nature of political power in Russia. As epitomised in the slogan "For a Democratic Dictatorship of the Proletariat and Peasantry", a proletarian revolution in underdeveloped Russia required a united proletariat (peasants and industrial workers) to assume government power in the cities

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The Communists, therefore, are, on the one hand, practically the most advanced and resolute section of the working-class parties of every country, that section which pushes forward all others; on the other hand, theoretically, they have over the great mass of the proletariat the advantage of clearly

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of workers and peasants could not occur in capitalist countries whilst the imperialist global-finance system remained in place. The first proletarian revolution would have to occur in an underdeveloped country, such as Imperial Russia, the politically weakest country in the capitalist global-finance

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which relied on personal persuasion and recommended the removal of Stalin from the position of General Secretary. Khrushchev contrasted this with the “despotism” of Stalin which require absolute submission to his position and he also highlighted that many of the people who were later annihilated as

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in the countryside and destroying them as a social class. Initially, the Stalinists also rejected the national industrialisation of Russia but then pursued it in full, sometimes brutally. In both cases, the Left Opposition denounced the regressive nature of Stalin's policy towards the wealthy kulak

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The more powerful enemy can be vanquished only by exerting the utmost effort, and by the most thorough, careful, attentive, skillful and obligatory use of any, even the smallest, rift between the enemies, any conflict of interests among the bourgeoisie of the various countries and among the various

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To that end followed proposals reducing the administrative powers of party posts to reduce bureaucratic influence upon the policies of the Communist Party. Lenin advised Trotsky to emphasise Stalin's recent bureaucratic alignment in such matters (e.g. undermining the anti-bureaucratic workers' and

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that the capitalist ruling class manipulates in order to divide the working classes and the peasant classes politically. To overcome that barrier to establishing socialism, Lenin said that acknowledging nationalism, as a people's right of self-determination and right of secession, naturally would

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Of course, the application of this principle in practice will sometimes give rise to disputes and misunderstandings; but only on the basis of this principle can all disputes and all misunderstandings be settled honourably for the Party. ... The principle of democratic centralism and autonomy for

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vanguard party; wherein free political speech was recognised as legitimate until policy consensus; afterwards, every member of the party was expected to abide by the agreed policy. Democratic debate was Bolshevik practice, even after Lenin banned factions among the Party in 1921. Despite being a

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A similar analysis is present in more recent works such as those of Graeme Gill, who argues that " not a natural flow-on of earlier developments; sharp break resulting from conscious decisions by leading political actors." However, Gill notes that "difficulties with the use of the term reflect

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régimes and establish socialist democracies that would not pass through a capitalist stage of development and government. Hence, revolutionary workers should ally politically with peasant political organisations, not capitalist political parties. In contrast, Stalin and his allies proposed that

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Civil War. The NEP nationalisation of the economy then would facilitate the industrialisation of Russia, politically strengthen the working class, and raise the standards of living for all Russians. Lenin said that the appearance of new socialist states was necessary for strengthening Russia's

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in general. Those who have not proved in practice, over a fairly considerable period of time and in fairly varied political situations, their ability to apply this truth in practice have not yet learned to help the revolutionary class in its struggle to emancipate all toiling humanity from the

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The Bolshevik government nationalised industry and established a foreign-trade monopoly to allow the productive coordination of the national economy and so prevent Russian national industries from competing against each other. To feed the populaces of town and country, Lenin instituted

4275:(NEP, 1921–1929) allowed limited local capitalism (private commerce and internal free trade) and replaced grain requisitions with an agricultural tax managed by state banks. The NEP was meant to resolve food-shortage riots by the peasantry and allowed limited private enterprise; the 4809:

and other Bolshevik leaders. Liebman also argued that the banning of parties under Lenin did not have the same repressive character as later bans enforced under the Stalinist regime. Several scholars have highlighted the socially progressive nature of Lenin's policies such as

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counter-revolution, the Bolshevik government banned all other political parties, which left the Leninist vanguard party as the only political party in Russia. Lenin said that such political suppression was not philosophically inherent to the dictatorship of the proletariat.

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peasants' Inspection) and argued to depose Stalin as General Secretary. Despite advice to refuse "any rotten compromise", he did not heed Lenin's advice and General Secretary Stalin retained power over the Communist Party and the bureaucracy of the Soviet government.

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Some scholars have had a differing view and attributed the establishment of the one-party system in the Soviet Union to the wartime conditions imposed on Lenin's government and others have highlighted the initial attempts to form a coalition government with the

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of the opposing faction. Until shortly before his death, Lenin countered Stalin's disproportionate political influence in the Communist Party and the bureaucracy of the Soviet government, partly because of abuses he had committed against the populace of

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local Party organisations implies universal and full freedom to criticise, so long as this does not disturb the unity of a definite action; it rules out all criticism which disrupts or makes difficult the unity of an action decided on by the Party.

4550:. Lenin himself never mentioned the concept of "Trotskyism" after Trotsky became a member of the Bolshevik party but the term was employed by Stalin and the troika to present Trotsky's views as factional and anathematical to Leninist thought. 3372:

for increased wages and work concessions) that featured diffused plural leadership; and the "political campaign" (socialist changes to society), which required the decisive, revolutionary leadership of the Bolshevik vanguard party.

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and then by himself) and so determined soviet government policy from 1924 onwards. The ruling blocs continually denied Stalin's opponents the right to organise as an opposition faction within the party—thus, the reinstatement of

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Some Marxist theoreticians have disputed the view that the Stalinist dictatorship was a natural outgrowth of the Bolsheviks' actions as most of the original central committee members from 1917 were later eliminated by Stalin.

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have been held by some scholars as representing political alternatives to Stalinism despite their shared beliefs in Leninism due to their policy platforms which were at variance with Stalin. This ranged from areas related to

6464: 4988:, whilst critical of the Soviet era, acknowledge that Lenin had actively sought to counter the growing influence of Stalin through a number of actions such as his alliance with Trotsky in 1922–23, opposition to Stalin on 4850:

which had been criticized by Lenin as expressions of "Great Russian chauvinism". Daniels also regarded Stalinism to represent an abrupt break with the Leninist period in terms of economic policies in which a deliberated,

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notes that "institutionally and ideologically Lenin laid the foundations for a Stalin ... but the passage from Leninism to the worse terrors of Stalinism was not smooth and inevitable." Historian and Stalin biographer

3170:(7–8 November 1917), Lenin proposed that the Russian revolution was not an isolated national event but a fundamentally international event—the first socialist revolution in the world. Lenin's practical application of 6434: 4485:. Lenin warned the Party that Stalin had "unlimited authority concentrated in his hands, and I am not sure whether he will always be capable of using that authority with sufficient caution" and formed a faction with 5160:

estates to the peasant communes; and the right of self-determination of every national people of the Russias. That the strategic (geopolitical) mistakes of the Bolsheviks would create significant dangers for the

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this content that we unconditionally support. At the same time, we strictly distinguish it from the tendency towards national exclusiveness. ... Can a nation be free if it oppresses other nations? It cannot.

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Concerning the disenfranchisement from democracy of the capitalist social class, Lenin said: "Democracy for the vast majority of the people, and suppression by force, i.e. exclusion from democracy, of the

5175:(1920), Lenin dismissed the political and ideological complaints of the anti-Bolshevik critics, who claimed ideologically correct stances that were to the political left of Lenin. In Marxist philosophy, 5318:(PAP) featured internal democracy and initiated single-party dominance in the government and politics of Singapore. In the event, the practical application of Maoism to the socio-economic conditions of 5306:

revolution of Leninism became the ideological basis of the communist parties in the socialist political spectrum. In the People's Republic of China, the Chinese Communist Party organised itself with

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force, i.e. exclusion from democracy, for the exploiters and oppressors of the people—this is the change which democracy undergoes during the 'transition' from capitalism to communism.

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and oppressors of the people—this is the change democracy undergoes during the transition from capitalism to communism." The dictatorship of the proletariat was effected with soviet

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due to a number of reasons. They cited the outdated voter-rolls which did not acknowledge the split among the Socialist Revolutionary party and the assemblies conflict with the

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tradition, begun by the Dutch-German leftists, also is critical of Leninism. Contemporary left-communist organisations, such as the Internationalist Communist Tendency and the

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says that, on being faced with the evidence, "only the blind and the deaf could be unaware of the contrast between Stalinism and Leninism." According to Stalin's secretary,

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encouraged farmers to produce the crops required to feed town and country; and to economically re-establish the urban working class, who had lost many workers to fight the

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guiding political influence, Lenin did not exercise absolute power and continually debated to have his points of view accepted as a course of revolutionary action. In

439: 5986:(1965) . "The New Economic Policy and the Tasks of the Political Education Departments. Report to the Second All-Russia Congress of Political Education Departments". 4618:

alliances with capitalist political parties were essential to realising a revolution where communists were too few. Said Stalinist practice failed, especially in the

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social class and the brutality of forced industrialisation. Trotsky described Stalinist vacillation as a symptom of the undemocratic nature of a ruling bureaucracy.

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in a predominantly agrarian society. Moreover, because industrialisation was financed chiefly with foreign capital, Imperial Russia did not possess a revolutionary

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as "the most advanced and resolute section of the working class parties of every country; that section which pushes forward all others." As the vanguard party, the

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problems with the concept of Stalinism itself. The major difficulty is a lack of agreement about what should constitute Stalinism." Revisionist historians such as

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After Lenin's death (21 January 1924), Trotsky ideologically battled the influence of Stalin, who formed ruling blocs within the Russian Communist Party (with

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which was constructed around Stalin whereas Lenin stressed “the role of the people as the creator of history”. He also emphasized that Lenin favored a

4691:, expulsions, exile (internal and external), and imprisonment. The anti-Trotsky campaign culminated in the executions (official and unofficial) of the 3636: 6904: 3178:

to the social, political, and economic conditions of agrarian Russia motivated and impelled the "revolutionary nationalism of the poor" to depose the

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have criticized the focus on the upper levels of society and the use of Cold War concepts such as totalitarianism, obscuring the system's reality.

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This article is about political theory developed originally by Lenin. For the political theory and state ideology developed by Joseph Stalin, see

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with a slightly higher standard of living than most workers, ensuring peaceful labour–capital relations in the capitalist homeland. Therefore, a

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was a cultural obstacle to establishing the dictatorship of the proletariat in every territory of the deposed Russian Empire (1721–1917). In

950: 864:, Leninism originally was neither a proper philosophy nor a discrete political theory. Leninism comprises politico-economic developments of 9829: 5724: 5323: 4794: 4683:

During the 1920s and the 1930s, Stalin fought and defeated the political influence of Trotsky and the Trotskyists in Russia using slander,

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said that Stalinism was the logical development of Leninism and not an ideological deviation from Lenin's policies, which resulted in

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as evidence that he intended Trotsky to be his successor as head of government. In his biography of Trotsky, Polish-British historian

3321:(1848), Marx and Engels present the communist party as the political vanguard solely qualified to lead the proletariat in revolution: 10593: 10488: 10360: 10146: 9057: 8991: 7839: 7749: 5347: 5341: 5169:

that would arise to administrate the large country that was Bolshevik Russia. In defence of the expedient revolutionary practice, in

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view that the negative facets of Stalin were inherent in communism from the start. Critics include anti-Stalinist communists such as

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Until exiled from Russia in 1929, Trotsky developed and led the Left Opposition (and the later Joint Opposition) with members of the

3592: 3063: 535: 515: 490: 7918: 7565:” foreign policy and his connivance in the advent of Hitler, another product of his political manoeuvring against the Bukharinists". 7233: 10498: 10415: 10308: 9503: 8808: 8640: 7722: 6271: 4806: 4169: 4134: 3864: 3602: 10961: 10438: 10245: 10112: 9451: 6958: 6931: 5183:'s ideology as the revolutionary vanguard. Ideologically, left communists present their perspectives and approaches as authentic 4667:

The Trotskyist demands countered Stalin's political dominance of the Communist Party, which was officially characterised by the "

4184: 4174: 3844: 3693: 813:(1921–1928) – the revolutionary régime suppressed most political opposition, including Marxists who opposed Lenin's actions, the 332: 3464: 730: 10136: 9981: 9052: 5311: 5028: 3918: 3760: 1889: 1871: 1300: 434: 4222: 900:'s vocabulary and doctrine around 1922, and in January 1923, despite objections from Lenin, it entered the public vocabulary. 10623: 10124: 10090: 10078: 10073: 9964: 9627: 8544: 8370: 7582: 7546: 7509: 7451: 7398: 7352: 7299: 7268: 7243: 7186: 7159: 7132: 7105: 7043: 6968: 6941: 6914: 6884: 6840: 6813: 6783: 6758: 6714: 6541: 6514: 6377: 6335: 6308: 6281: 6254: 5541: 5388: 4789:, Lenin's wartime measures such as banning opposition parties was prompted by the fact that several political parties either 4235: 2784: 2711: 1160: 10550: 7871: 7515: 7095: 5863: 2261: 10660: 10428: 9037: 7958: 7812: 7457: 7122: 7029: 4724:

as the natural consequence of Leninism, that Stalin "faithfully implemented Lenin's domestic and foreign policy programs".

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abides Bordiga's strict Leninism. Ideologically aligned with the Dutch-German left, among the ideologists of contemporary

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said that the proletarian leadership of the revolution would ensure truly socialist and democratic socio-economic change.

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upon Russia's economic foundations (and support socialist revolutions elsewhere). In a 1936 interview with journalist

10840: 10791: 10724: 10535: 10263: 9865: 9769: 9581: 8518: 8420: 8392: 8336: 8311: 8285: 8259: 8236: 8210: 6681: 5575: 4928:, who pointed out that Lenin attempted to persuade the Russian Communist Party to remove Stalin from his post as its 3901: 3597: 1529: 1185: 1135: 352: 10870: 10858: 10682: 10672: 10628: 10443: 10119: 10068: 9951: 9602: 9032: 7671:

Ojeili, Chamsy (2001). "The 'Advance Without Authority': Post-modernism, Libertarian Socialism and Intellectuals".

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stated that the development of the socialist workers' culture should not be "hamstrung from above" and opposed the

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The role of the Leninist vanguard party was to politically educate the workers and peasants to dispel the societal

4154: 4090: 3913: 3787: 3494:(elected councils of workers), which Lenin said was the "democratic dictatorship of the proletariat" postulated in 3086: 2842: 2789: 1454: 1100: 547: 7369: 5378: 5256:, view Lenin as an essential and influential theorist but remain critical of Leninism as political praxis for the 10875: 10863: 10719: 10704: 10618: 10520: 10102: 9922: 9042: 8863: 8560: 8493: 5478: 5253: 5231: 5069: 4579: 4024: 3733: 3335: 3122: 2296: 1846: 1544: 1422: 1125: 1025: 980: 9375: 6857: 4470:

and partly because the autocratic Stalin had accumulated administrative power disproportionate to his office of

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Speeches Delivered at the Fifth Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, September-October, 1950

6217: 6085:(1972) . "The Right of Nations to Self-determination, Chapter 4: 4. "Practicality" in The National Question". 4656:, the scholarly consensus was that Stalin appropriated the position of the Left Opposition on such matters as 1444: 876:

agrarian society of Imperial Russia in the early 20th century. As a political-science term, Lenin's theory of

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government and then transfer government power to the working class; that change of the ruling class—from the

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The Crimes Of The Stalin Era, Special Report To The 20th Congress Of The Communist Party Of The Soviet Union

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argued the Bolshevik-Left Socialist Revolutionary coalition government dissolved the democratically elected

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exploiters. And this applies equally to the period before and after the proletariat has won political power.

10483: 10158: 10053: 9854: 9762: 9696: 9612: 9554: 9493: 8914: 8823: 7014: 5829: 5149: 5065: 4648:, the expansion of democratic centralism in the Communist Party, national industrialisation, international 4110: 3542: 3241: 2266: 2146: 1320: 1235: 1080: 794: 782:, which sanctioned political commitment to the successful overthrow of capitalism, and then to instituting 190: 8660: 5023:, Stalin's successor, argued that Stalin's regime differed profusely from the leadership of Lenin in his " 4601:

and stated that “We never had such plans and intentions” and that “The export of revolution is nonsense”.

928: 10981: 10764: 10746: 10512: 10370: 10331: 10298: 9988: 9976: 9892: 9794: 9632: 9350: 8848: 8610: 6561: 6531: 5352: 4964:, Stalin was jubilant over Lenin's death while “publicly putting on the mask of grief”. French historian 4527: 4079: 4039: 4014: 3854: 2774: 2576: 2046: 1180: 1105: 1000: 873: 753:, and revolution. The function of the Leninist vanguard party is to provide the working classes with the 786:; and, as the revolutionary national government, to realise the socio-economic transition by all means. 10966: 10759: 10736: 10709: 7985: 7704: 7493: 7285: 6122: 4725: 4328: 4100: 3550: 2546: 2521: 2446: 1809: 1607: 1050: 872:

synthesis for practical application to the actual conditions (political, social, economic) of the post-

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Trotsky: a biographer's problems. In The Trotsky reappraisal. Brotherstone, Terence; Dukes, Paul,(eds)

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remained Leninist. Bordiga said: "All this work of demolishing opportunism and 'deviationism' (Lenin:

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with political and economic influence upon the workers and the peasants, as had been the case in the

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Stalin: The First In-depth Biography Based on Explosive New Documents from Russia's Secret Archives

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believes that Stalin was a genuine follower of Lenin, exactly as he claimed himself. Proponents of

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economy in establishing Russian socialism. Lenin's socio-economic perspective was supported by the

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of 1936–1938. According to Rogovin, 80-90% of the members of the Central Committee elected at the

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As a form of Marxism, revolutionary Leninism was criticised as an undemocratic interpretation of

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had been replaced with a hasty version of planning with unrealistic targets, bureaucratic waste,

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in 1921, a move that enabled Stalin to get rid of his rivals easily after Lenin's death and cite

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is a range of left-wing political perspectives among communists. Left communism criticizes the

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also viewed the Stalinist period as a counter-revolution in Soviet cultural life which revived

4835: 4641: 4462: 4393: 3515: 3431: 3368:. Like Marx, Lenin distinguished between the aspects of a revolution, the "economic campaign" ( 3229: 3217: 3175: 3106:, a workers' revolution first would occur in the industrialised countries. In Germany, Marxist 2872: 2196: 1602: 1534: 1524: 1512: 877: 6706: 3391:(IWA, International Workingmen's Association, 1864–1876), Lenin organised the Bolsheviks as a 10930: 9902: 9637: 9456: 8944: 8793: 8773: 8412: 8251: 8180: 7673: 7574: 6492:. Information Bulletin of the Embassy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. p. 76. 5567: 5032: 5012:, Warsaw, March 1956, first edition of the Secret Speech, published for the inner use in the 4909: 4675:. The Stalinist economic policy vacillated between appeasing the capitalist interests of the 4567: 4510: 3392: 3382: 2016: 1861: 1437: 1245: 1165: 1110: 590: 160: 155: 7207: 5947: 4267:(1918–1921) as a necessary condition—adequate supplies of food and weapons—for fighting the 3145:, the task of democratic revolution fell to the urban, industrial working class as the only 3125:— facilitated rapid and intensive industrialisation, which produced a united, working-class 10692: 10555: 10375: 10173: 9887: 9586: 9576: 9513: 9508: 9405: 9385: 9006: 8996: 8978: 8783: 8594: 5997: 5240: 5153: 4968:

disputed the historical assessments of the early Soviet Union by modern historians such as

4933: 4852: 4815: 4649: 4610: 4450: 4438: 4424: 3947: 3360: 3282: 3095: 2929: 2882: 2877: 2862: 2852: 2819: 2794: 2681: 2656: 2556: 2271: 1841: 1656: 1612: 1417: 1382: 1332: 1274: 1120: 995: 985: 938: 342: 112: 31: 10779: 7759: 1726: 1230: 741:. Lenin's ideological contributions to the Marxist ideology relate to his theories on the 8: 10919: 10648: 10453: 10382: 10190: 10039: 9917: 9839: 9812: 9691: 9607: 9536: 9523: 9498: 9471: 9461: 9380: 9265: 9140: 9067: 9027: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8937: 8922: 8818: 8763: 6213: 6183: 6092: 6033: 5993: 5774: 5730: 5661: 5299:. In light of the tenets of socialism, Leninism was a right-wing deviation from Marxism. 5117: 4668: 4623: 4619: 4534:

was exiled from Russia after losing to Stalin in the factional politics of the Bolsheviks

4506: 4378: 4344: 4272: 4216: 4044: 3723: 3443: 3388: 3365: 2988: 2939: 2641: 2461: 1951: 1592: 1572: 1567: 1459: 1449: 1397: 1387: 1305: 1285: 1140: 1060: 955: 810: 525: 468: 8637: 8155: 7726: 4737:

cite a variety of contributory factors, in that it was Lenin, rather than Stalin, whose

4613:

proposed that socialist revolutions in underdeveloped countries would further dismantle

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allow socialist states to transcend the political limitations of nationalism to form a

4305: 4280: 4105: 3415: 3225: 3167: 3001: 2983: 2961: 2887: 2824: 2814: 2769: 2764: 2721: 2426: 2151: 2121: 1986: 1956: 1816: 1642: 1622: 1562: 1310: 1213: 1175: 1035: 790: 595: 580: 565: 473: 463: 288: 283: 205: 58: 9370: 3526:(1917–1924) and the anti-Bolshevik terrorism of opposing political parties aiding the 3469: 3220:

of the natives and the exploitation of the natural resources of their countries. Such

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had improved. Various historians have cited Lenin's proposal to appoint Trotsky as a

4856: 4839: 4802: 4774: 4766: 4738: 4657: 4606: 4571: 4467: 4382: 4348: 4268: 4054: 3523: 3519: 3209: 3179: 3138: 3134: 3025: 2954: 2914: 2892: 2621: 2606: 2586: 2176: 2096: 2021: 1831: 1762: 1736: 1688: 1617: 1597: 1469: 1432: 1412: 1402: 1392: 1365: 1327: 1270: 830: 793:

in 1917, Leninism was the dominant version of Marxism in Russia. In establishing the

495: 446: 175: 69: 9320: 9295: 9160: 2416: 2321: 2256: 2206: 2071: 9743: 9731: 9622: 9430: 9330: 9225: 9170: 9125: 9115: 9100: 8986: 8889: 8858: 8618: 8506: 8354: 7682: 7611: 7497: 7344: 6665: 5600: 5533: 5490: 5357: 5335: 5292: 5216: 5108: 4913: 4798: 4746: 4730: 4661: 4645: 4598: 4562: 4554: 3973: 3942: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3439: 3204:(1916), Lenin's economic analyses indicated that capitalism would transform into a 3183: 3107: 3081: 3037: 3013: 2949: 2934: 2726: 2661: 2561: 2496: 2471: 2421: 2386: 2346: 2181: 2141: 2106: 1996: 1976: 1926: 1921: 1901: 1856: 1826: 1772: 1721: 1716: 1683: 1582: 1539: 1484: 1427: 1030: 912: 885: 865: 861: 846: 704: 649: 637: 612: 268: 253: 225: 215: 150: 122: 5591:

Tomasic, D. (December 1953). "The Impact of Russian Culture on Soviet Communism".

4822:. Conversely, Stalin's regime reversed Lenin's policies on social matters such as 4292:

and general strikes of 1920, and worker wage-riots in the UK, France, and the US.

2736: 10806: 10019: 9971: 9877: 9255: 9195: 9185: 9180: 9110: 8879: 8853: 8828: 8788: 8778: 8753: 8688: 8644: 8470: 8402: 7875: 7568: 7487: 7437: 7388: 7202: 6803: 6325: 6298: 6142: 5942: 5857: 5807: 5557: 5180: 5112: 5089: 4993: 4957: 4823: 4819: 4762: 4575: 4340: 2966: 2857: 2809: 2804: 2716: 2651: 2631: 2571: 2466: 2441: 2406: 2401: 2391: 2361: 2316: 2306: 2171: 2111: 2066: 2031: 2011: 1971: 1946: 1792: 1711: 1407: 1337: 1075: 771: 661: 575: 303: 210: 7954: 7889: 5276: 4477:

The counter-action against Stalin aligned with Lenin's advocacy of the right of

2376: 10826: 10754: 10034: 10024: 9571: 9425: 9365: 9335: 9220: 9215: 9135: 9130: 9105: 8758: 8656: 8574: 8536: 8475: 8430: 8295: 8198: 7777: 7754: 6201: 6082: 6023: 5983: 5760: 5720: 5643: 5303: 5204: 5176: 5145: 5121: 5037: 5000:

and recruitment of 50–100 ordinary workers into the lower organs of the party.

4981: 4961: 4847: 4786: 4482: 4332: 3331: 3118: 2971: 2799: 2701: 2636: 2626: 2616: 2611: 2531: 2511: 2501: 2491: 2481: 2451: 2431: 2371: 2366: 2351: 2336: 2326: 2246: 2216: 2211: 2201: 2126: 2101: 2091: 2086: 2061: 2051: 2026: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1906: 1587: 1519: 1474: 1250: 1095: 802: 726: 600: 293: 243: 180: 54: 47: 7979: 7686: 7539:

Was There an Alternative? 1923-1927: Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years

4980:

to present the notion of ideological continuity and reinforce the position of

2226: 757:(education and organisation) and revolutionary leadership necessary to depose 10945: 10687: 9706: 9420: 9400: 9390: 9315: 9270: 9250: 9240: 9165: 9145: 8346: 8321: 8269: 7646:"The Nationalities Question in the Russian Revolution (Rosa Luxemburg, 1918)" 7623: 7501: 7479: 7072: 6611: 6577: 5839: 5272: 5208: 5093: 5084: 5056:

stressed the initial efforts by the Bolsheviks to form a government with the

5053: 4989: 4985: 4949: 4898: 4843: 4717: 4700: 4692: 4594: 4547: 4336: 4309: 4289: 4276: 4264: 4194: 4069: 3965: 3369: 3339: 3091: 2666: 2536: 2526: 2436: 2311: 2191: 2166: 2161: 2131: 2056: 1961: 1911: 1836: 1821: 1767: 1741: 1499: 1280: 849:

was an external and internal war which transformed Bolshevik Russia into the

806: 505: 313: 308: 278: 263: 8624: 8358: 8174: 8030:

Deepening Democracy?: The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru

7745: 7600:"The Blackmail of the Single Alternative: Bukharin, Trotsky and Perestrojka" 5224: 4457:

that claimed legitimate ideological descent from Leninism; thus, within the

10570: 10391: 9785: 9617: 9410: 9360: 9355: 9345: 9325: 9280: 9275: 9260: 9150: 9085: 8884: 8843: 8698: 8651:"An excerpt on Leninism and State Capitalism from the work of Noam Chomsky" 8488: 8220: 7950: 7803: 7750:"The Struggle Against Fascism: Begins with the Struggle Against Bolshevism" 7562: 7291: 6984: 6900: 6673: 6591: 6393: 5657: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5296: 5288: 5212: 4965: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4684: 4543: 4539: 4531: 4486: 3452: 3448: 3162: 3146: 3090:(1848), in which they called for the political unification of the European 2909: 2731: 2706: 2671: 2601: 2596: 2581: 2566: 2516: 2506: 2356: 2341: 2331: 2281: 2251: 2236: 2221: 2186: 2006: 1966: 1916: 1866: 1787: 1731: 854: 530: 273: 248: 5088:

violated party tradition, ignored proposals of opponents and expelled the

10433: 10395: 10387: 10009: 9993: 9907: 9849: 9701: 9435: 9415: 9290: 9285: 9245: 9230: 9175: 9080: 8666: 8303: 8228: 7035: 7006: 6992: 5913: 5319: 5188: 4696: 4558: 4389: 4301: 4139: 3979: 3351: 3347: 3342:'s support. The communist party would lead the popular deposition of the 3310: 3221: 3213: 3154: 3150: 3130: 3126: 2746: 2691: 2646: 2541: 2486: 2411: 2241: 2231: 2136: 2116: 2076: 2001: 1991: 1981: 1782: 1479: 1352: 1040: 975: 869: 742: 734: 298: 258: 220: 8814:"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" 7631: 7599: 5494: 5397: 5060:

and bring other parties such as the Mensheviks into political legality.

4671:", the rejection of permanent revolution, and advocated the doctrine of 656: 10423: 9305: 9300: 9210: 9205: 7615: 7414: 7080: 7060: 5890: 5280: 5061: 4977: 4941: 4863: 4742: 4688: 4626: 4502: 4446: 4402: 4356: 4189: 3527: 3427: 3419: 3103: 2741: 2551: 2381: 2291: 2286: 2276: 2156: 2081: 2041: 2036: 1876: 1676: 1651: 1347: 970: 834: 818: 814: 775: 758: 617: 607: 510: 451: 170: 127: 102: 35: 9754: 5612: 10643: 10638: 10460: 10353: 10183: 9844: 9681: 9395: 9340: 9095: 8904: 8739: 8498: 6832:

After the Vote Was Won: The Later Achievements of Fifteen Suffragists

5264: 5137: 4996:

and proposed party reforms which included the democratisation of the

4973: 4875: 4860: 4770: 4721: 4622:

portion of the Chinese Revolution (1926–1928), which resulted in the

4614: 4590: 4454: 4434: 4420: 3960: 3435: 3355: 3142: 3099: 3077: 2976: 2919: 2867: 2847: 2676: 2301: 1896: 1851: 1661: 783: 738: 132: 117: 51: 6506:

Autopsy for an Empire: The Seven Leaders who Built the Soviet Regime

4881: 10633: 9912: 9872: 9652: 9647: 9541: 8156:"What was Done an extended review of Lars Lih's Lenin Rediscovered" 7419:"Revolution Besieged. The Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly)" 6751:

Was There an Alternative? Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years

6370:

Was There an Alternative? Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years

5604: 5479:"The canon and the mushroom Lenin, sacredness, and Soviet collapse" 5125: 5041: 4886: 4831: 4827: 3986: 2902: 2897: 2696: 718: 500: 4585:

In instituting government policy, Stalin promoted the doctrine of

4489:

to remove Stalin as the General Secretary of the Communist Party.

10525: 10029: 8927: 6876:

Lenin: A Political Life: Volume 1: The Strengths of Contradiction

5184: 4890: 4867: 4777:: "We stand for organized terror—this should be frankly stated." 4304:

among oppressed peoples, Lenin advocated their national right to

3667: 3343: 3187: 3171: 1671: 920: 722: 585: 87: 43: 8408:

The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century

5563:

The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century

3504:(1917), Lenin describes the dictatorship of the proletariat as: 9075: 5322:

countries produced revolutionary vanguard parties, such as the

5307: 5157: 3098:; and proposed that because the socio-economic organisation of 1666: 9738: 8682: 7181:. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall. p. 162. 5092:

from the party on falsified charges which culminated with the

3117:

In the early 20th century, the socio-economic backwardness of

3032: 1201:

Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice

644: 10448: 10326: 8345: 7287:

A people's tragedy : a history of the Russian Revolution

4676: 4144: 8708: 6644:"Lenin: Individual and Politics in the October Revolution". 6616:

Stalin's Terror of 1937–1938: Political Genocide in the USSR

6178: 6176: 5885: 5883: 5881: 4406:(1917–1925) organisational control of the national culture. 3442:)—which would fail because the bourgeoisie's control of the 868:

and Lenin's interpretations of Marxism, which function as a

10560: 10336: 8676: 7981:

Chomsky on Lenin, Trotsky, Socialism & the Soviet Union

5013: 4894: 4574:

within the Communist Party were key arguments of Trotsky's

3423: 1171:

An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital

8661:"Organizational Questions of the Russian Social Democracy" 7337:

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich; Khrushchev, Serge_ (2004).

6859:

Lenin's Plan for Building Socialism in the USSR, 1917–1925

6829:

Adams, Katherine H.; Keene, Michael L. (10 January 2014).

10545: 10365: 8094:"Left-Wing" Childishness and the Petty Bourgois Mentality 6173: 5878: 4589:(adopted 1925), wherein the Soviet Union would establish 3418:, despite supporting moderate political reform—including 5802: 5800: 5203:(1920) congresses. Proponents of left communism include 991:

The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State

853:(RSFSR), the core and largest republic that founded the 8439:

Lenin 2017: Remembering, Repeating, and Working Through

6797: 6795: 6778:(Reprinted ed.). Penguin books. pp. 111–112. 6026:(1972) . "The Right of Nations to Self-Determination". 5862:. Moscow: Novosti Press Ajency Publishing House. 1974. 5693:

The New Penguin Dictionary of Modern History: 1789–1945

4652:

and socialist internationalism. According to historian

8511:

Lenin: The Man, the Dictator, and the Master of Terror

8363:

Non-Leninist Marxism: Writings on the Workers Councils

8141:

The Russian Revolution From Lenin to Stalin: 1917–1929

8088:

The Tasks of the Proletariat in the Present Revolution

8064:

The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism

7836:"The Significance of the Russian Revolution for Today" 6457:"Socialism in One Country versus Permanent Revolution" 6188:

The Russian Revolution From Lenin to Stalin: 1917–1929

6133:'Last Testament' Letters to the Congress", from Lenin 5895:

The Russian Revolution From Lenin to Stalin: 1917–1929

5380:

The Palgrave Handbook of Leninist Political Philosophy

5234:

has been most critical of Lenin and Leninism, yet the

4609:

of White Army counter-revolution. Trotsky's theory of

8168: 8058:

What Is To Be Done? Burning Questions of Our Movement

8000:

The Chinese Communist Party as Organizational Emperor

7489:

Beyond Totalitarianism: Stalinism and Nazism Compared

5797: 5723:(1965) . "Freedom to Criticise and Unity of Action". 5599:(4). Western Political Science Association: 808–809. 5148:

criticised the Bolsheviks for the suppression of the

4753:

and who established the autocratic system within the

712: 8365:. St Petersburg, Florida: Red and Black Publishers. 7486:(2009). Geyer, Michael; Fitzpatrick, Sheila (eds.). 7336: 6862:. Novosti Press Agency Publishing House. p. 48. 6792: 5142:

The Nationalities Question in the Russian Revolution

778:

viewed history through the theoretical framework of

7701:"Herman Gorter, Open Letter to Comrade Lenin, 1920" 3137:(1789–1799) in the 18th century. Although Russia's 383:

The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky

7206: 6899: 6698: 6154:Central Committee, "On Proletcult Organisations", 5946: 5530:Lenin Rediscovered: What is to be Done? in Context 5423: 5421: 5377:Rockmore, Tom; Levine, Norman (19 December 2018). 4481:for the national and ethnic groups of the deposed 4396:of peasants and workers. Influenced by Lenin, the 4361:The Question of Nationalities, or 'Autonomisation' 3458: 880:entered common usage at the fifth congress of the 833:(1917–1922), which included the fight against the 8625:"First Conference of the Communist International" 7124:Molotov and Soviet Government: Sovnarkom, 1930-41 6123:"The Question of Nationalities or 'Autonomisation 5937: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5927: 4972:in which he argued had falsely equated Leninism, 4948:as soon as the economic and social conditions of 4711: 4523:Stalin: An Appraisal of the Man and His Influence 4414: 3315:In Chapter II, "Proletarians and Communists", of 3261:First edition Russian cover of Lenin's 1917 book 737:as the political prelude to the establishment of 10943: 10634:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences 7478: 7021: 4392:to the proletariat to facilitate their economic 4381:of religion and nationalism that constitute the 3224:allows wealthy countries to maintain a domestic 764:Leninist revolutionary leadership is based upon 7263:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 19, 20. 5992:. Vol. 33 (2nd English ed.). Moscow: 5418: 4749:; that it was Lenin who developed the infamous 4308:and so opposed Russian chauvinism because such 413:Leninism: Introduction to the Study of Leninism 8329:: A Study in the Writing and Acting of History 7315: 7313: 7311: 6431:"When the Soviet Union Entered World Politics" 5924: 5376: 5048:fields had "undoubtedly" weakened the nation. 4295: 3153:and democratisation, in view that the Russian 9770: 8724: 7894:"The Renegade Kautsky and his Disciple Lenin" 7058: 6533:Stalin. Vol II, Waiting for Hitler, 1928-1941 5972:. New York: Peter Bedrick Books. p. 205. 5908: 5906: 5904: 5027:", delivered in 1956. He was critical of the 4243: 3208:, by which industrialised countries exported 3114:, inspiring Russian Marxists, such as Lenin. 3057: 951:The Condition of the Working Class in England 681: 8604:Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism 8076:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 8015:Economic growth and development in Singapore 7370:"Top 10 lies about the Bolshevik Revolution" 7174: 6776:The Bolshevik revolution 1917 - 1923. Vol. 1 5412:The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought 5172:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder 5007: 3273:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder 3201:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 946:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 851:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic 393:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder 363:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 27:Political theory developed by Vladimir Lenin 7308: 6903:; Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E. (15 April 2008). 6556: 5434:. Vol. 7 (15th ed.). p. 265. 3264:Imperialism, the Newest Stage of Capitalism 9777: 9763: 8731: 8717: 8527: 8455: 8429: 8176:Lenin Reloaded: Toward a Politics of Truth 8153: 8100:Left-Wing Communism: an Infantile Disorder 8070:The Right of Nations to Self-Determination 7319: 6828: 6502: 6323: 6300:The Soviet Colossus: History and Aftermath 6206:"'Last Testament' Letters to the Congress" 5901: 5705:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5653:Left-Wing Communism: an Infantile Disorder 5438: 4315:The Right of Nations to Self-determination 4250: 4236: 3330:The revolutionary purpose of the Leninist 3064: 3050: 1091:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses 966:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 843:left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks 688: 674: 50:, whose policies and politics allowed the 8505: 7816:. Vol. 2, no. 1. Archived from 7758:. Vol. 4, no. 8. Archived from 7717: 7201: 7147: 7027: 6856:Ugri͡umov, Aleksandr Leontʹevich (1976). 6855: 6664: 6658: 6536:. London : Allen Lane. p. 125. 6485: 6269: 5941: 5859:Marx Engels Lenin on Scientific Socialism 5806: 5414:(Third ed.). 1999. pp. 476–477. 5348:National delimitation in the Soviet Union 5342:He who does not work neither shall he eat 4335:and a people's transcending nationalism, 3473:1970 French edition of Lenin's 1917 book 3409: 3233:system in the early 20th century. In the 3182:of the three-hundred-year dynasty of the 8379: 8219: 8169:Budgen, Sebastian; Kouvelakis, Stathis; 8106:"Last Testament" Letters to the Congress 7997: 7570:The Rise and Fall of Communism in Russia 7231: 7209:Trotsky: The Prophet Unarmed (1921–1929) 7154:. New York, Vintage Books. p. 135. 7097:The Rise and Fall of Communism in Russia 7061:"We Are Starting to Learn about Trotsky" 6983: 6242: 5949:Trotsky: The Prophet Unarmed (1921-1929) 5324:Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland 5279:criticised Leninism as a "by-product of 5072:as an alternative democratic structure. 5002: 4984:. Other revisionist historians, such as 4880: 4757:. Proponents also note that Lenin put a 4526: 4472:General Secretary of the Communist Party 4398:Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party 4331:of Marxism and Bolshevism is based upon 3468: 3434:, not with gradual reforms—from within ( 3398:Freedom to Criticise and Unity of Action 3376: 3256: 3123:combined and uneven economic development 903: 570: 42: 9784: 8638:"Marcel Liebman on Lenin and democracy" 8469: 8387:. Humanities Press International, Inc. 8300:Notes on Dialectics: Hegel, Marx, Lenin 8245: 8197: 8052:The Development of Capitalism in Russia 8027: 7949: 7802: 7776: 7566: 7536: 7151:The prophet unarmed: Trotsky, 1921-1929 7093: 7059:Danilov, Victor; Porter, Cathy (1990). 6956: 6929: 6872: 6801: 6748: 6729: 6610: 6590: 6503:Volkogonov, Dmitriĭ Antonovich (1998). 6486:Vyshinsky, Andrey Yanuaryevich (1950). 6392: 6367: 6324:Volkogonov, Dmitriĭ Antonovich (1996). 6062: 5690: 5590: 5476: 4368:equality by their proletarian comrades. 892:to denote "vanguard-party revolution." 729:that proposes the establishment of the 333:The Development of Capitalism in Russia 14: 10944: 9803:Index of Soviet Union–related articles 8487: 8401: 8320: 8268: 8127:The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky 1921–1929 8012: 7961:from the original on 24 September 2015 7872:"Have we become 'Leninists'? – part 1" 7670: 7386: 7320:Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich (1956). 7258: 7120: 7100:. Yale University Press. p. 438. 6909:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 197. 6529: 6273:The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky 1921-1929 5584: 5556: 5312:socialism with Chinese characteristics 5131: 5009:O kulcie jednostki i jego następstwach 4897:(centre) and Trotsky (right) in early 4597:, Stalin articulated his rejection of 4461:, each ideological faction denied the 4409: 3451:aspirations of much of the peasantry, 3166:(1917), the political strategy of the 1872:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 435:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party 9758: 9628:Mass killings under communist regimes 8712: 8294: 7931:from the original on 27 November 2018 7917:Miner, Steven Merritt (11 May 2003). 7916: 7888: 7744: 7567:Daniels, Robert V. (1 October 2008). 7367: 7283: 7094:Daniels, Robert V. (1 October 2008). 7031:The Prophet: The Life of Leon Trotsky 7005: 6696: 6690: 6437:from the original on 14 February 2020 6425: 6423: 6350: 6200: 6081: 6022: 5982: 5912: 5759: 5719: 5668:from the original on 29 February 2020 5642: 5509:from the original on 14 February 2021 5448:(Fifth ed.). 1994. p. 1558. 4453:) were the principal philosophies of 3447:successfully. Moreover, owing to the 3110:was the political perspective of the 2785:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory 1161:Change the World Without Taking Power 8120:The Prophet Armed: Trotsky 1879–1921 7813:International Council Correspondence 7652:from the original on 19 October 2018 7518:from the original on 6 February 2021 7435: 7232:Kuromiya, Hiroaki (16 August 2013). 6957:Daniels, Robert V. (November 2002). 6930:Daniels, Robert V. (November 2002). 6773: 6705:. Random House Publishing. pp. 6631:Three Whys of the Russian Revolution 6618:. Translated by Choate, Frederick S. 6467:from the original on 1 February 2017 6404:from the original on 3 December 2011 6354:"To L. D. Trotsky", 13 December 1922 6296: 6243:Mccauley, Martin (4 February 2014). 6182: 6168:Chambers Dictionary of World History 5967: 5889: 5866:from the original on 31 January 2020 5828: 5812:The Prophet Armed: Trotsky 1879–1921 5458: 4807:assassination attempts against Lenin 4761:within the party and introduced the 4695:(1936–1938), which were part of the 4372: 7955:"The Soviet Union Versus Socialism" 7597: 7541:. Mehring Books. pp. 494–495. 7028:Deutscher, Isaac (5 January 2015). 6960:The End of the Communist Revolution 6933:The End of the Communist Revolution 6749:Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (2021). 6732:The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police 6509:. Simon and Schuster. p. 125. 6461:Seventeen Moments in Soviet History 6368:Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (2021). 5527: 5521: 5483:HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 5248:(1935), Paul Mattick said that the 1116:Marxism and the Oppression of Women 1046:Theses on the Philosophy of History 855:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 24: 8040: 6420: 6398:"Platform of the Joint Opposition" 6327:Trotsky: The Eternal Revolutionary 6216:. pp. 593–611. Archived from 6095:. pp. 393–454. Archived from 6036:. pp. 393–454. Archived from 5777:. pp. 381–492. Archived from 5733:. pp. 442–443. Archived from 5477:Yurchak, Alexei (September 2017). 4830:, rights of sexual minorities and 4773:struggle against opponents in the 4519:The Stalin School of Falsification 3299: 3112:Social Democratic Party of Germany 3102:was of a higher form than that of 25: 10998: 9582:Criticism of communist party rule 8554: 8385:Lenin and the Revolutionary Party 7856:. 21 January 2015. Archived from 7782:"Fundamental Theses of the Party" 7460:from the original on 16 June 2013 7413: 6753:. Mehring Books. pp. 13–14. 6628: 5285:The Soviet Union Versus Socialism 4954:Vice-chairman of the Soviet Union 3490:was realised and effected by the 3304: 1136:Time, Labor and Social Domination 353:Materialism and Empirio-criticism 10926: 10925: 10913: 9737: 9725: 9603:21st-century communist theorists 8154:Blackledge, Paul (3 July 2006). 8046:Selected works by Vladimir Lenin 7838:. 6 October 2017. Archived from 7393:. Pathfinder. pp. 307–347. 6873:Service, Robert (24 June 1985). 6808:. Merlin Press. pp. 1–348. 6297:Kort, Michael G. (18 May 2015). 5996:. pp. 60–79. Archived from 5835:Lenin and the Russian Revolution 5150:All Russian Constituent Assembly 4210: 3549: 3087:Manifesto of the Communist Party 3031: 3019: 3007: 2843:21st-century communist theorists 1186:Towards Socialism or Capitalism? 1101:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa 1021:Essays on Marx's Theory of Value 927: 655: 643: 631: 86: 8864:Dictatorship of the proletariat 8494:History and Class Consciousness 8465:. Vol. 2. Clarendom Press. 8278:University Press of the Pacific 8021: 8006: 7991: 7973: 7943: 7910: 7882: 7864: 7846: 7828: 7820:on 26 October 2017 – via 7796: 7788:on 2 December 2017 – via 7770: 7738: 7729:on 26 October 2017 – via 7711: 7693: 7664: 7638: 7591: 7555: 7530: 7472: 7429: 7407: 7380: 7368:Grant, Alex (1 November 2017). 7361: 7330: 7277: 7252: 7225: 7195: 7178:Russia in the twentieth century 7168: 7141: 7114: 7087: 7052: 6999: 6977: 6950: 6923: 6893: 6866: 6849: 6822: 6767: 6742: 6723: 6637: 6622: 6604: 6584: 6550: 6523: 6496: 6479: 6449: 6433:. UC Press E-Books Collection. 6386: 6361: 6344: 6317: 6290: 6263: 6236: 6194: 6161: 6148: 6115: 6075: 6056: 6016: 5976: 5961: 5846: 5822: 5753: 5713: 5684: 5636: 5619: 5593:The Western Political Quarterly 5254:International Communist Current 5070:Russian Congress of the Soviets 4797:, or participated in sabotage, 3465:Dictatorship of the proletariat 3459:Dictatorship of the proletariat 3426:when opportune—Lenin said that 3336:dictatorship of the proletariat 3157:would suppress any revolution. 3121:(1721–1917) — characterized by 1545:Theory of historical trajectory 1423:Dictatorship of the proletariat 1126:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy 1026:History and Class Consciousness 981:Critique of the Gotha Programme 731:dictatorship of the proletariat 10962:Eponymous political ideologies 8225:Leninism and Western Socialism 7762:on 31 August 2017 – via 7121:Watson, Derek (27 July 2016). 6989:Leninism and Western Socialism 6372:. Mehring Books. p. 281. 6330:. HarperCollins. p. 242. 6065:The State in Socialist Society 5970:Dictionary of Historical Terms 5627:United States of Europe Slogan 5550: 5470: 5466:(Third ed.). p. 459. 5452: 5383:. Springer. pp. 313–531. 5370: 5187:and thus more oriented to the 5058:Left Socialist Revolutionaries 4783:Left Socialist Revolutionaries 4712:Debated influence on Stalinism 4415:Stalinism and Marxism–Leninism 4286:German Revolution of 1918–1919 3430:could only be overthrown with 3235:United States of Europe Slogan 3193: 1343:Socially necessary labour time 1241:Philosophy in the Soviet Union 1131:The Sublime Object of Ideology 1056:A Critique of Soviet Economics 827:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries 34:. For Trotsky's ideology, see 13: 1: 10466:Political abuse of psychiatry 10258:Congress of People's Deputies 8804:Critique of political economy 8738: 6963:. Routledge. pp. 90–92. 6936:. Routledge. pp. 90–94. 6906:A Companion to Gender History 6774:Carr, Edward Hallett (1977). 6145:. Retrieved 30 November 2011. 5363: 5310:(the Thought of Mao Zedong), 5269:International Communist Party 5104:were physically annihilated. 4496: 4300:In recognising and accepting 4165:Political abuse of psychiatry 3744:Congress of People's Deputies 1264:Critique of political economy 823:Socialist Revolutionary Party 548:Joseph Stalin's rise to power 9697:Socialist mode of production 9613:Anti-communist mass killings 9555:Workers of the world, unite! 8824:Proletarian internationalism 8580:Resources in other libraries 8028:Roberts, Kenneth M. (1988). 7648:. Libcom.org. 11 July 2006. 7340:Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev 7175:Dziewanowski, M. K. (2003). 7015:University of Michigan Press 6303:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 166. 5066:Russian Constituent Assembly 4745:with its hostage-taking and 4703:who had led the Revolution. 4542:against the party's growing 3543:Politics of the Soviet Union 3534: 3242:Workers of the world, unite! 1301:Falling profit-rate tendency 1081:The Society of the Spectacle 795:socialist mode of production 191:Proletarian internationalism 7: 10629:Academy of Medical Sciences 9665:Marx's theory of alienation 8476:Soviet Marxism: An Analysis 8090:(The "April Theses"), 1917. 7919:"The Other Killing Machine" 6063:Harding, Neil, ed. (1984). 5695:. London. pp. 462–464. 5353:Wars of national liberation 5329: 5232:Dutch-German communist left 5040:and leading figures in the 4842:, the Tsarist programme of 4769:, who exclaimed during the 4538:In 1922, Lenin allied with 4296:National self-determination 3704:Central Executive Committee 2775:Capitalism Nature Socialism 1291:Concrete and abstract labor 1181:Capital in the Anthropocene 1106:Social Justice and the City 1001:The Accumulation of Capital 898:Russian Communist Party (b) 713: 10: 11003: 10977:Marxist schools of thought 7494:Cambridge University Press 6835:. McFarland. p. 109. 6246:The Soviet Union 1917-1991 5566:. New Haven, Connecticut: 4500: 4451:permanent world revolution 4418: 4329:socialist internationalism 3462: 3393:democratically centralised 3380: 3308: 3218:exploitation of the labour 1051:Dialectic of Enlightenment 536:Death and funeral of Lenin 29: 10907: 10851: 10825: 10745: 10668: 10659: 10604: 10511: 10474: 10414: 10317: 10279: 10199: 10061: 10052: 10002: 9950: 9941: 9793: 9720: 9595: 9564: 9522: 9444: 9066: 9015: 8977: 8913: 8872: 8746: 8643:27 September 2011 at the 8575:Resources in your library 8539:. London: HarperCollins. 8481:Columbia University Press 7822:Marxists Internet Archive 7790:Marxists Internet Archive 7764:Marxists Internet Archive 7731:Marxists Internet Archive 7687:10.1080/10855660120092294 7604:Studies in Soviet Thought 7537:Rogovin, Vadim Z (2021). 7423:Marxists Internet Archive 7238:. Routledge. p. 60. 7148:Deutscher, Isaac (1965). 6414:Marxists Internet Archive 6270:Deutscher, Isaac (2003). 6249:. Routledge. p. 59. 6230:Marxists Internet Archive 6158:No. 270, 1 December 1920. 6109:Marxists Internet Archive 6050:Marxists Internet Archive 6010:Marxists Internet Archive 5968:Cook, Chris, ed. (1983). 5791:Marxists Internet Archive 5747:Marxists Internet Archive 5678:Marxists Internet Archive 5534:Brill Academic Publishers 5446:The Columbia Encyclopedia 5191:than the Leninism of the 4946:Socialist Revolutionaries 4785:. According to historian 4706: 4515:New Course (Trotsky book) 4343:obstacles to progressive 4060:Material balance planning 3761:1989 Legislative election 1196:Literature and Revolution 1156:Late Victorian Holocausts 1086:Pedagogy of the Oppressed 1071:The Wretched of the Earth 708: 8849:Workers' self-management 8693:"Lenin as a Philosopher" 8612:The State and Revolution 8462:Main Currents of Marxism 8082:The State and Revolution 7998:Yongnian, Zheng (2009). 7598:Day, Richard B. (1990). 7502:10.1017/CBO9780511802652 7436:Gill, Graeme J. (1998). 7390:Democracy and Revolution 7127:. Springer. p. 25. 6879:. Springer. p. 98. 6802:Liebman, Marcel (1985). 6730:Leggett, George (1986). 6530:Kotkin, Stephen (2017). 6212:. Vol. 36. Moscow: 6137:Volume 36, pp. 593–611. 6091:. Vol. 20. Moscow: 6067:(2nd ed.). Oxford: 6032:. Vol. 20. Moscow: 5855:, vol. 25, pp. 461–462, 5773:. Vol. 25. Moscow: 5765:The State and Revolution 5729:. Vol. 10. Moscow: 4826:, legal restrictions on 4741:measures introduced the 4716:Some historians such as 4673:socialism in one country 4587:socialism in one country 4443:socialism in one country 4290:the Italian insurrection 3875:Administrator of Affairs 3501:The State and Revolution 3476:The State and Revolution 1146:The Origin of Capitalism 1016:The State and Revolution 896:was accepted as part of 789:In the aftermath of the 770:(1848), identifying the 481:History of Soviet Russia 373:The State and Revolution 10920:Soviet Union portal 9687:Revolutionary socialism 8895:Socialization (Marxism) 8589:Works by Vladimir Lenin 8274:Foundations of Leninism 8161:International Socialism 7387:Novack, George (1971). 7284:Figes, Orlando (1997). 7259:Broue., Pierre (1992). 7215:Oxford University Press 6736:Oxford University Press 6697:Pipes, Richard (2001). 6597:The Revolution Betrayed 6210:Lenin's Collected Works 6141:3 December 2011 at the 6088:Lenin's Collected Works 6029:Lenin's Collected Works 5989:Lenin's Collected Works 5955:Oxford University Press 5816:Oxford University Press 5770:Lenin's Collected Works 5726:Lenin's Collected Works 5431:Encyclopædia Britannica 5193:Communist International 4755:Russian Communist Party 4631:Chinese Communist Party 4217:Soviet Union portal 3729:Soviet of Nationalities 3318:The Communist Manifesto 3206:global financial system 1847:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 1490:Relations of production 1373:Base and superstructure 1226:Dialectical materialism 1191:The Revolution Betrayed 1011:Terrorism and Communism 1006:Philosophical Notebooks 961:The Communist Manifesto 882:Communist International 780:dialectical materialism 767:The Communist Manifesto 755:political consciousness 733:led by a revolutionary 521:Anti-religious campaign 403:Foundations of Leninism 201:Revolutionary situation 196:Revolutionary defeatism 166:Dialectical materialism 10812:Stalinist architecture 10566:Science and technology 10476:Ideological repression 10404:Soviet Airborne Forces 10342:Destruction battalions 8533:Lenin: A New Biography 8327:To the Finland Station 8246:Harding, Neil (1996). 8013:Wilson, Peter (2002). 7953:(Spring–Summer 1986). 7723:"Lenin As Philosopher" 7674:Democracy & Nature 7011:Lenin's Last Testament 6566:London Review of Books 5258:proletarian revolution 5236:Italian communist left 5102:Seventeenth Congresses 5029:cult of the individual 5017: 5008: 4916:historians, including 4906:Revisionist historians 4902: 4836:Robert Vincent Daniels 4832:protective legislation 4820:equal rights for women 4535: 4370: 4325: 4160:Ideological repression 4050:Science and technology 3511: 3479: 3432:proletarian revolution 3410:Proletarian revolution 3407: 3328: 3297: 3267: 3255: 3230:proletarian revolution 3176:proletarian revolution 2790:Historical Materialism 1535:Proletarian revolution 1530:Primitive accumulation 1525:Historical determinism 878:proletarian revolution 62: 10594:List of metro systems 10147:Collective leadership 9638:Intentional community 8774:Collective leadership 8413:Yale University Press 8252:Duke University Press 8181:Duke University Press 8139:Edward Hallett Carr. 8134:Lenin's Last Struggle 7575:Yale University Press 7374:In Defence of Marxism 6647:Modern History Review 6276:. Verso. p. 63. 6121:Lenin, V. I. (1923). 5918:Lenin's Last Struggle 5568:Yale University Press 5316:People's Action Party 5033:collective leadership 5006: 4884: 4859:that featured former 4568:democratic centralism 4546:and the influence of 4530: 4511:The Declaration of 46 4365: 4320: 4281:counter-revolutionary 4271:. In March 1921, the 3593:Collective leadership 3506: 3472: 3402: 3383:Democratic centralism 3377:Democratic centralism 3323: 3278: 3276:(1920), Lenin wrote: 3260: 3239: 3237:(1915), Lenin wrote: 3149:capable of effecting 3076:In the 19th century, 3026:Philosophy portal 2820:Science & Society 1438:Democratic centralism 1296:Factors of production 1166:Caliban and the Witch 1111:Women, Race and Class 904:Historical background 721:developed by Russian 516:National delimitation 491:Collective leadership 161:Democratic centralism 156:Collective leadership 46: 10556:Net material product 10499:Censorship of images 10416:Political repression 10376:Soviet Border Troops 10309:First Deputy Premier 9893:1965 economic reform 9888:Soviet space program 9744:Socialism portal 9732:Communism portal 9587:Criticism of Marxism 9577:Communist propaganda 9007:Fourth International 8997:Second International 8784:Communist revolution 8671:"Lenin's Philosophy" 8632:Other thematic links 8205:. The Merlin Press. 8203:Leninism Under Lenin 7294:. pp. 796–801. 6805:Leninism Under Lenin 6701:Communism: A History 6184:Carr, Edward Hallett 6069:St. Antony's College 5891:Carr, Edward Hallett 5691:Townson, D. (1994). 5314:. In Singapore, the 5152:(January 1918); the 4840:patriotic propaganda 4816:universal healthcare 4650:permanent revolution 4611:permanent revolution 4463:political legitimacy 4363:(1923), Lenin said: 4318:(1914), Lenin said: 4170:Political repression 4135:Censorship of images 3865:First Deputy Premier 3603:Presidential Council 3438:) and from without ( 3400:(1905), Lenin said: 3366:anarcho-syndicalists 3354:—makes establishing 3334:is to establish the 3283:scientific socialism 3096:communist revolution 3094:in order to achieve 3038:Socialism portal 3014:Communism portal 2883:History of communism 2878:Economic determinism 2863:Criticism of Marxism 2853:Creative destruction 1613:Marxism and religion 1333:Scientific socialism 1236:Philosophy of nature 1121:Imagined Communities 986:Dialectics of Nature 839:Entente intervention 809:(1918–1921) and the 650:Socialism portal 638:Communism portal 10624:Academy of Sciences 10439:Population transfer 10383:Soviet Armed Forces 10246:Congress of Soviets 10227:Presidium/Politburo 10191:Soviet anti-Zionism 10040:West Siberian Plain 9918:Revolutions of 1989 9855:Great Patriotic War 9840:New Economic Policy 9692:Socialist economics 9608:Anti anti-communism 9537:Red flag (politics) 9002:Third International 8992:First International 8819:Market abolitionism 8764:Class consciousness 8619:"The Lenin Archive" 8596:What Is To Be Done? 8032:. pp. 288–289. 7906:on 13 January 2017. 7878:on 2 December 2017. 7860:on 2 December 2017. 7842:on 2 December 2017. 7707:on 2 December 2017. 7484:Fitzpatrick, Sheila 6558:Fitzpatrick, Sheila 6214:Progress Publishers 6093:Progress Publishers 6034:Progress Publishers 5994:Progress Publishers 5775:Progress Publishers 5731:Progress Publishers 5662:Progress Publishers 5495:10.14318/hau7.2.021 5460:Kohn, George Childs 5241:What Is To Be Done? 5132:Left-wing criticism 4812:universal education 4642:Workers' Opposition 4629:'s massacre of the 4620:Northern Expedition 4507:Anti-Stalinist Left 4410:Leninism after 1924 4379:false consciousness 4345:class consciousness 4339:, and religion—the 4273:New Economic Policy 4185:Suppressed research 4175:Population transfer 4045:New Economic Policy 3724:Soviet of the Union 3694:Congress of Soviets 3444:means of production 3389:First International 3361:What Is To Be Done? 3216:and so realise the 2770:Capital & Class 1450:False consciousness 1398:Commodity fetishism 1388:Class consciousness 1306:Means of production 1141:The Age of Extremes 1061:The Long Revolution 996:What Is to Be Done? 956:The German Ideology 811:New Economic Policy 662:Politics portal 526:New Economic Policy 469:February Revolution 343:What Is to Be Done? 186:National liberation 10982:Types of socialism 10269:Military Collegium 10137:Capital punishment 10015:Caucasus Mountains 9928:Post-Soviet states 9808:Russian Revolution 9712:Worker cooperative 9670:National communism 9643:Left-wing politics 9548:The Internationale 8900:Economic democracy 8703:"The Lenin Legend" 8529:Volkogonov, Dmitri 8513:. Pantheon Books. 8457:Kolakowski, Leszek 8351:Pannekoek, Antonie 7957:. Our Generation. 7924:The New York Times 7808:"The Lenin Legend" 7616:10.1007/BF00818977 7444:Palgrave Macmillan 6463:. 27 August 2015. 6220:on 4 December 2011 6000:on 3 December 2011 5781:on 3 December 2011 5737:on 24 January 2021 5633:, vol. 18, p. 232. 5528:Lih, Lars (2005). 5464:Dictionary of Wars 5230:Historically, the 5163:Russian Revolution 5083:Russian historian 5078:Sheila Fitzpatrick 5018: 4938:opposition parties 4903: 4654:Sheila Fitzpatrick 4536: 4479:self-determination 4306:self-determination 3919:Procurator General 3907:Military Collegium 3480: 3416:October Revolution 3268: 3226:labour aristocracy 3168:October Revolution 2984:Worker cooperative 2962:Left-wing populism 2888:Left-wing politics 2825:Socialist Register 2815:Rethinking Marxism 1608:Literary criticism 1311:Mode of production 1176:Capitalist Realism 1036:The Black Jacobins 847:peasant rebellions 821:, factions of the 791:October Revolution 571:Anti-Leninist left 566:26 Baku Commissars 474:October Revolution 464:Russian Revolution 459:RSDLP (Bolsheviks) 284:Grigori Sokolnikov 206:Self-determination 97:Schools of thought 63: 59:October Revolution 10967:Far-left politics 10939: 10938: 10903: 10902: 10895:Hammer and sickle 10837:and their groups 10835:Soviet dissidents 10614:Communist Academy 10531:Economic planning 10507: 10506: 10400:Soviet Air Forces 10319:Security services 10239:General Secretary 10222:Central Committee 10164:Political parties 10096:Brezhnev Doctrine 10091:Foreign relations 10048: 10047: 9989:Autonomous okrugs 9903:Soviet–Afghan War 9883:Sino-Soviet split 9825:Russian Civil War 9752: 9751: 9532:Hammer and sickle 9023:Communist Parties 8839:Stateless society 8834:Social revolution 8799:Communist society 8769:Classless society 8683:"Leninist Ebooks" 8561:Library resources 8546:978-0-00-255123-6 8507:Sebestyen, Victor 8411:. New Haven, CT: 8372:978-0-9791813-6-8 8355:Pankhurst, Sylvia 8331:. Phoenix Press. 8125:Isaac Deutscher. 8118:Isaac Deutscher. 7584:978-0-300-13493-3 7548:978-1-893638-96-9 7511:978-0-521-72397-8 7453:978-0-312-17764-5 7400:978-0-87348-192-2 7354:978-0-271-02861-3 7301:978-0-670-85916-0 7270:978-0-7486-0317-6 7245:978-1-317-86780-7 7188:978-0-13-097852-3 7161:978-0-394-70747-1 7134:978-1-349-24848-3 7107:978-0-300-13493-3 7045:978-1-78168-721-5 6970:978-1-134-92607-7 6943:978-1-134-92607-7 6916:978-0-470-69282-0 6886:978-1-349-05591-3 6842:978-0-7864-5647-5 6815:978-0-85036-261-9 6785:978-0-14-020749-1 6760:978-1-893638-97-6 6716:978-0-8129-6864-4 6666:Radzinsky, Edvard 6654:(1): 16–19. 1990. 6633:. pp. 83–84. 6612:Rogovin, Vadim Z. 6560:(22 April 2010). 6543:978-0-7139-9945-7 6516:978-0-684-83420-7 6379:978-1-893638-97-6 6337:978-0-00-255272-1 6310:978-0-7656-2845-9 6283:978-1-85984-446-5 6256:978-1-317-90179-2 5842:. pp. 85–86. 5830:Hill, Christopher 5648:"No Compromises?" 5543:978-90-04-13120-0 5390:978-1-137-51650-3 5263:Nonetheless, the 5250:council communist 5221:Antonie Pannekoek 5167:bureaucratisation 5021:Nikita Khrushchev 4998:Central Committee 4982:counter-communism 4970:Dmitri Volkogonov 4934:Lenin's Testament 4930:General Secretary 4893:of Lenin (left), 4857:economic planning 4853:scientific system 4846:and traditional, 4801:with the deposed 4795:Soviet government 4775:Russian Civil War 4767:Felix Dzerzhinsky 4658:industrialisation 4607:Russian Civil War 4544:bureaucratisation 4373:Socialist culture 4269:Russian Civil War 4260: 4259: 4202: 4201: 4055:Era of Stagnation 3997: 3996: 3882: 3881: 3770: 3769: 3676: 3675: 3647:General Secretary 3632:Central Committee 3524:Russian Civil War 3520:constitutionalism 3252:, vol. 18, p. 232 3222:superexploitation 3210:financial capital 3180:absolute monarchy 3141:was agrarian and 3139:political economy 3135:French Revolution 3074: 3073: 2915:Political ecology 2893:Marxian economics 1832:Council communism 1800: 1799: 1727:Neue Marx-Lektüre 1689:Regulation school 1578:Cultural analysis 1470:Lumpenproletariat 1413:Cultural hegemony 1403:Communist society 1393:Classless society 1328:Productive forces 1066:Guerrilla Warfare 939:Theoretical works 888:applied the term 860:As revolutionary 831:Russian Civil War 717:) is a political 698: 697: 447:Prague Conference 326:Theoretical works 176:Labor aristocracy 61:in Russia in 1917 16:(Redirected from 10994: 10957:Authoritarianism 10929: 10928: 10918: 10917: 10916: 10666: 10665: 10574: 10429:Collectivization 10174:Marxism–Leninism 10059: 10058: 9948: 9947: 9779: 9772: 9765: 9756: 9755: 9742: 9741: 9730: 9729: 9728: 9633:Internationalism 9623:Communitarianism 8987:Communist League 8890:Common ownership 8859:World revolution 8809:Free association 8733: 8726: 8719: 8710: 8709: 8677:"Cyber Leninism" 8550: 8535:. Translated by 8524: 8502: 8484: 8471:Marcuse, Herbert 8466: 8452: 8426: 8403:Gregor, A. James 8398: 8376: 8342: 8317: 8291: 8265: 8242: 8216: 8194: 8165: 8034: 8033: 8025: 8019: 8018: 8010: 8004: 8003: 7995: 7989: 7982: 7977: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7947: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7914: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7899:. Archived from 7898: 7886: 7880: 7879: 7874:. Archived from 7868: 7862: 7861: 7854:"Lenin's Legacy" 7850: 7844: 7843: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7800: 7794: 7793: 7784:. Archived from 7774: 7768: 7767: 7742: 7736: 7734: 7725:. Archived from 7719:Pannekoek, Anton 7715: 7709: 7708: 7703:. Archived from 7697: 7691: 7690: 7668: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7610:(1/3): 159–188. 7595: 7589: 7588: 7559: 7553: 7552: 7534: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7433: 7427: 7426: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7384: 7378: 7377: 7365: 7359: 7358: 7345:Penn State Press 7334: 7328: 7327: 7326:. pp. 1–65. 7317: 7306: 7305: 7290:. New York, NY: 7281: 7275: 7274: 7256: 7250: 7249: 7229: 7223: 7222: 7212: 7203:Deutscher, Isaac 7199: 7193: 7192: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7091: 7085: 7084: 7065:History Workshop 7056: 7050: 7049: 7025: 7019: 7018: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6981: 6975: 6974: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6901:Meade, Teresa A. 6897: 6891: 6890: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6826: 6820: 6819: 6799: 6790: 6789: 6771: 6765: 6764: 6746: 6740: 6739: 6727: 6721: 6720: 6704: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6662: 6656: 6655: 6641: 6635: 6634: 6629:Pipes, Richard. 6626: 6620: 6619: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6527: 6521: 6520: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6453: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6442: 6427: 6418: 6417: 6411: 6409: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6321: 6315: 6314: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6267: 6261: 6260: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6227: 6225: 6198: 6192: 6191: 6180: 6171: 6165: 6159: 6152: 6146: 6135:Collected Works, 6132: 6126: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6106: 6104: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6060: 6054: 6053: 6047: 6045: 6020: 6014: 6013: 6007: 6005: 5980: 5974: 5973: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5952: 5943:Deutscher, Isaac 5939: 5922: 5921: 5910: 5899: 5898: 5887: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5850: 5844: 5843: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5808:Deutscher, Isaac 5804: 5795: 5794: 5788: 5786: 5757: 5751: 5750: 5744: 5742: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5704: 5696: 5688: 5682: 5681: 5675: 5673: 5640: 5634: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5558:Gregor, A. James 5554: 5548: 5547: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5425: 5416: 5415: 5408: 5395: 5394: 5374: 5358:Yellow socialism 5336:Anti-imperialism 5295:enforced with a 5293:collectivisation 5246:The Lenin Legend 5217:Sylvia Pankhurst 5109:Right Opposition 5011: 4914:dissident Soviet 4793:against the new 4747:internment camps 4731:Edvard Radzinsky 4662:collectivisation 4646:soviet democracy 4599:world revolution 4580:Joint Opposition 4563:Nikolai Bukharin 4555:Grigory Zinoviev 4439:Marxism–Leninism 4425:Marxism–Leninism 4252: 4245: 4238: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4150:Collectivization 4010: 4009: 3974:De-Stalinization 3948:Marxism–Leninism 3943:Soviet democracy 3937: 3936: 3840:State Committees 3783: 3782: 3689: 3688: 3621: 3620: 3553: 3539: 3538: 3496:orthodox Marxism 3488:direct democracy 3486:, government by 3484:Bolshevik Russia 3440:social democracy 3295: 3294:, vol. 31, p. 23 3253: 3186:(1613–1917), as 3184:House of Romanov 3108:social democracy 3082:Friedrich Engels 3066: 3059: 3052: 3036: 3035: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3012: 3011: 3010: 2989:Workers' council 2810:Race & Class 1717:Frankfurt School 1684:Neo-Gramscianism 1657:Marxism–Leninism 1639: 1638: 1583:Cultural Studies 1540:World revolution 1485:Private property 1031:Prison Notebooks 931: 908: 907: 886:Grigory Zinoviev 866:orthodox Marxism 801:– with the 1917 716: 710: 690: 683: 676: 660: 659: 648: 647: 636: 635: 634: 613:Orthodox Marxism 418: 408: 398: 388: 378: 368: 358: 348: 338: 269:Grigory Zinoviev 254:Nikolai Bukharin 226:World revolution 216:Soviet democracy 151:Anti-imperialism 113:Marxism–Leninism 90: 80: 65: 64: 32:Marxism–Leninism 21: 11002: 11001: 10997: 10996: 10995: 10993: 10992: 10991: 10972:Linear theories 10942: 10941: 10940: 10935: 10914: 10912: 10899: 10847: 10821: 10741: 10655: 10600: 10572: 10546:Internet domain 10541:Five-year plans 10503: 10470: 10410: 10313: 10275: 10207:Communist Party 10195: 10154:Passport system 10044: 10020:European Russia 9998: 9937: 9878:Khrushchev Thaw 9857:(World War II) 9835:Creation treaty 9789: 9783: 9753: 9748: 9736: 9726: 9724: 9716: 9591: 9560: 9518: 9440: 9062: 9011: 8973: 8909: 8880:Planned economy 8868: 8854:World communism 8829:Labour movement 8789:Communist state 8779:Communist party 8754:Anti-capitalism 8742: 8737: 8689:Anton Pannekoek 8645:Wayback Machine 8586: 8585: 8584: 8569: 8568: 8564: 8557: 8547: 8537:Shukman, Harold 8521: 8449: 8423: 8415:. p. 133. 8395: 8373: 8339: 8314: 8288: 8262: 8239: 8213: 8199:Liebman, Marcel 8191: 8173:, eds. (2007). 8043: 8041:Further reading 8038: 8037: 8026: 8022: 8011: 8007: 7996: 7992: 7980: 7978: 7974: 7964: 7962: 7948: 7944: 7934: 7932: 7915: 7911: 7903: 7896: 7887: 7883: 7870: 7869: 7865: 7852: 7851: 7847: 7834: 7833: 7829: 7801: 7797: 7778:Bordiga, Amadeo 7775: 7771: 7743: 7739: 7716: 7712: 7699: 7698: 7694: 7669: 7665: 7655: 7653: 7644: 7643: 7639: 7596: 7592: 7585: 7577:. p. 396. 7560: 7556: 7549: 7535: 7531: 7521: 7519: 7512: 7477: 7473: 7463: 7461: 7454: 7434: 7430: 7412: 7408: 7401: 7385: 7381: 7366: 7362: 7355: 7347:. p. 156. 7335: 7331: 7318: 7309: 7302: 7282: 7278: 7271: 7257: 7253: 7246: 7230: 7226: 7200: 7196: 7189: 7173: 7169: 7162: 7146: 7142: 7135: 7119: 7115: 7108: 7092: 7088: 7067:(29): 136–146. 7057: 7053: 7046: 7038:. p. 528. 7026: 7022: 7004: 7000: 6982: 6978: 6971: 6955: 6951: 6944: 6928: 6924: 6917: 6898: 6894: 6887: 6871: 6867: 6854: 6850: 6843: 6827: 6823: 6816: 6800: 6793: 6786: 6772: 6768: 6761: 6747: 6743: 6728: 6724: 6717: 6695: 6691: 6684: 6663: 6659: 6643: 6642: 6638: 6627: 6623: 6609: 6605: 6589: 6585: 6555: 6551: 6544: 6528: 6524: 6517: 6501: 6497: 6484: 6480: 6470: 6468: 6455: 6454: 6450: 6440: 6438: 6429: 6428: 6421: 6407: 6405: 6391: 6387: 6380: 6366: 6362: 6349: 6345: 6338: 6322: 6318: 6311: 6295: 6291: 6284: 6268: 6264: 6257: 6241: 6237: 6223: 6221: 6199: 6195: 6181: 6174: 6166: 6162: 6153: 6149: 6143:Wayback Machine 6130: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6102: 6100: 6099:on 13 June 2021 6080: 6076: 6061: 6057: 6043: 6041: 6040:on 13 June 2021 6021: 6017: 6003: 6001: 5981: 5977: 5966: 5962: 5940: 5925: 5911: 5902: 5888: 5879: 5869: 5867: 5856: 5853:Collected Works 5851: 5847: 5827: 5823: 5805: 5798: 5784: 5782: 5758: 5754: 5740: 5738: 5718: 5714: 5698: 5697: 5689: 5685: 5671: 5669: 5644:Lenin, Vladimir 5641: 5637: 5631:Collected Works 5624: 5620: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5570:. p. 133. 5555: 5551: 5544: 5526: 5522: 5512: 5510: 5475: 5471: 5457: 5453: 5444: 5443: 5439: 5427: 5426: 5419: 5410: 5409: 5398: 5391: 5375: 5371: 5366: 5332: 5275:, the theorist 5181:Bolshevik Party 5134: 5113:Left Opposition 5100:through to the 4994:Georgian affair 4958:Isaac Deutscher 4824:sexual equality 4763:one-party state 4759:ban on factions 4714: 4709: 4576:Left Opposition 4525: 4501:Main articles: 4499: 4459:Communist Party 4437:application of 4427: 4419:Main articles: 4417: 4412: 4375: 4347:—which are the 4298: 4256: 4227: 4223:Other countries 4211: 4209: 4204: 4203: 4115: 4007: 3999: 3998: 3970: 3934: 3924: 3923: 3892: 3884: 3883: 3818: 3780: 3772: 3771: 3686: 3678: 3677: 3672: 3618: 3616:Communist Party 3608: 3607: 3566: 3537: 3467: 3461: 3422:elected to the 3412: 3387:Based upon the 3385: 3379: 3313: 3307: 3302: 3300:Leninist praxis 3296: 3292:Collected Works 3290: 3254: 3250:Collected Works 3248: 3196: 3119:Imperial Russia 3092:working classes 3070: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3008: 3006: 2994: 2993: 2967:Universal class 2858:Conflict theory 2838: 2830: 2829: 2805:New Left Review 2760: 2752: 2751: 1892: 1882: 1881: 1812: 1802: 1801: 1712:Budapest School 1636: 1635:Common variants 1628: 1627: 1558: 1550: 1549: 1515: 1505: 1504: 1408:Critical theory 1368: 1358: 1357: 1338:Surplus product 1266: 1256: 1255: 1216: 1206: 1205: 1076:Reading Capital 941: 906: 845:and widespread 772:communist party 694: 654: 642: 632: 630: 623: 622: 576:De-Leninization 561: 553: 552: 430: 422: 421: 416: 406: 396: 386: 376: 366: 356: 346: 336: 327: 319: 318: 304:Antonio Gramsci 239: 231: 230: 211:Socialist state 146: 138: 137: 123:Right communism 98: 78: 57:to realise the 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11000: 10990: 10989: 10987:Vladimir Lenin 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10933: 10923: 10908: 10905: 10904: 10901: 10900: 10898: 10897: 10892: 10891: 10890: 10880: 10879: 10878: 10868: 10867: 10866: 10855: 10853: 10849: 10848: 10846: 10845: 10844: 10843: 10831: 10829: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10783: 10782: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10751: 10749: 10743: 10742: 10740: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10728: 10727: 10722: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10701: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10680: 10675: 10669: 10663: 10657: 10656: 10654: 10653: 10652: 10651: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10610: 10608: 10602: 10601: 10599: 10598: 10597: 10596: 10591: 10589:Rail transport 10586: 10584:Railway system 10576: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10517: 10515: 10509: 10508: 10505: 10504: 10502: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10480: 10478: 10472: 10471: 10469: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10457: 10456: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10420: 10418: 10412: 10411: 10409: 10408: 10407: 10406: 10380: 10379: 10378: 10373: 10363: 10358: 10357: 10356: 10346: 10345: 10344: 10334: 10329: 10323: 10321: 10315: 10314: 10312: 10311: 10306: 10304:Deputy Premier 10301: 10296: 10295: 10294: 10287:Heads of state 10283: 10281: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10273: 10272: 10271: 10261: 10255: 10252:Supreme Soviet 10249: 10243: 10242: 10241: 10236: 10235: 10234: 10229: 10219: 10214: 10203: 10201: 10197: 10196: 10194: 10193: 10188: 10187: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10169:State ideology 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10150: 10149: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10128: 10127: 10117: 10116: 10115: 10105: 10100: 10099: 10098: 10088: 10083: 10082: 10081: 10076: 10065: 10063: 10056: 10050: 10049: 10046: 10045: 10043: 10042: 10037: 10035:Ural Mountains 10032: 10027: 10025:North Caucasus 10022: 10017: 10012: 10006: 10004: 10000: 9999: 9997: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9985: 9984: 9974: 9969: 9968: 9967: 9956: 9954: 9945: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9869: 9868: 9863: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9821: 9820: 9815: 9805: 9799: 9797: 9791: 9790: 9782: 9781: 9774: 9767: 9759: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9746: 9734: 9721: 9718: 9717: 9715: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9678: 9677: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9656: 9655: 9650: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9599: 9597: 9596:Related topics 9593: 9592: 9590: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9572:Anti-communism 9568: 9566: 9562: 9561: 9559: 9558: 9551: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9528: 9526: 9520: 9519: 9517: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9475: 9474: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9448: 9446: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9072: 9070: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9019: 9017: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8983: 8981: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8971: 8970: 8969: 8959: 8954: 8953: 8952: 8942: 8941: 8940: 8935: 8925: 8919: 8917: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8876: 8874: 8870: 8869: 8867: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8759:Class conflict 8756: 8750: 8748: 8744: 8743: 8736: 8735: 8728: 8721: 8713: 8707: 8706: 8696: 8686: 8680: 8674: 8664: 8657:Rosa Luxemburg 8654: 8648: 8629: 8628: 8622: 8616: 8608: 8600: 8583: 8582: 8577: 8571: 8570: 8559: 8558: 8556: 8555:External links 8553: 8552: 8551: 8545: 8525: 8519: 8503: 8485: 8467: 8453: 8448:978-1786631886 8447: 8427: 8421: 8399: 8393: 8381:Le Blanc, Paul 8377: 8371: 8347:Gorter, Herman 8343: 8337: 8322:Wilson, Edmund 8318: 8312: 8292: 8286: 8270:Stalin, Joseph 8266: 8260: 8243: 8237: 8217: 8211: 8195: 8190:978-0822339410 8189: 8166: 8164:. No. 11. 8145: 8144: 8137: 8130: 8123: 8110: 8109: 8103: 8097: 8091: 8085: 8079: 8073: 8067: 8061: 8055: 8042: 8039: 8036: 8035: 8020: 8005: 7990: 7972: 7942: 7909: 7881: 7863: 7845: 7827: 7795: 7769: 7755:Living Marxism 7737: 7710: 7692: 7681:(3): 391–413. 7663: 7637: 7590: 7583: 7554: 7547: 7529: 7510: 7480:Geyer, Michael 7471: 7452: 7428: 7406: 7399: 7379: 7360: 7353: 7329: 7307: 7300: 7276: 7269: 7251: 7244: 7224: 7194: 7187: 7167: 7160: 7140: 7133: 7113: 7106: 7086: 7051: 7044: 7020: 6998: 6976: 6969: 6949: 6942: 6922: 6915: 6892: 6885: 6865: 6848: 6841: 6821: 6814: 6791: 6784: 6766: 6759: 6741: 6722: 6715: 6689: 6682: 6657: 6636: 6621: 6603: 6592:Trotsky, L. D. 6583: 6549: 6542: 6522: 6515: 6495: 6478: 6448: 6419: 6385: 6378: 6360: 6343: 6336: 6316: 6309: 6289: 6282: 6262: 6255: 6235: 6193: 6172: 6170:(2000) p. 837. 6160: 6147: 6114: 6074: 6071:. p. 189. 6055: 6015: 5975: 5960: 5923: 5900: 5877: 5845: 5821: 5796: 5752: 5712: 5683: 5635: 5625:Lenin, V. I., 5618: 5605:10.2307/443211 5583: 5576: 5549: 5542: 5520: 5489:(2): 165–198. 5469: 5462:, ed. (2007). 5451: 5437: 5417: 5396: 5389: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5338: 5331: 5328: 5304:vanguard-party 5205:Amadeo Bordiga 5177:left communism 5165:, such as the 5146:Rosa Luxemburg 5133: 5130: 5122:foreign policy 5038:Old Bolsheviks 4962:Boris Bazhanov 4912:and otherwise 4848:military ranks 4787:Marcel Liebman 4726:Robert Service 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4701:Old Bolsheviks 4578:and the later 4498: 4495: 4483:Tsarist Empire 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4388:taught by the 4374: 4371: 4333:class struggle 4297: 4294: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4247: 4240: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4219: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4199: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4124: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4075: 4074: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4040:Kosygin reform 4037: 4035:Five-Year Plan 4032: 4030:Consumer goods 4027: 4019: 4018: 4008: 4005: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3995: 3994: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3976: 3971: 3969: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3952: 3950: 3945: 3935: 3930: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3914:People's Court 3911: 3910: 3909: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3872: 3870:Deputy Premier 3867: 3859: 3858: 3850: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3829: 3828: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3799:Official names 3795: 3792: 3791: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3767: 3766: 3765: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3748: 3747: 3739: 3738: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3718: 3717: 3714:Supreme Soviet 3709: 3708: 3707: 3706: 3698: 3697: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3642: 3641: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3619: 3614: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3589: 3588: 3586:Vice President 3583: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3555: 3554: 3546: 3545: 3536: 3533: 3463:Main article: 3460: 3457: 3411: 3408: 3381:Main article: 3378: 3375: 3370:labour strikes 3332:vanguard party 3309:Main article: 3306: 3305:Vanguard party 3303: 3301: 3298: 3288: 3246: 3195: 3192: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3061: 3054: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3028: 3016: 3004: 2996: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2980: 2979: 2972:Vulgar Marxism 2969: 2964: 2959: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2839: 2837:Related topics 2836: 2835: 2832: 2831: 2828: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2800:Monthly Review 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2780:Constellations 2777: 2772: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1893: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1813: 1810:Other variants 1808: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1798: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1706: 1705: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1694:Third-worldist 1691: 1686: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1654: 1646: 1645: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1603:Historiography 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1520:Class struggle 1516: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1475:Metabolic rift 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1369: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1324: 1323: 1318: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1267: 1262: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1251:Marxist ethics 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1096:Ways of Seeing 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 942: 937: 936: 933: 932: 924: 923: 917: 916: 905: 902: 803:Decree on Land 735:vanguard party 727:Vladimir Lenin 725:revolutionary 696: 695: 693: 692: 685: 678: 670: 667: 666: 665: 664: 652: 640: 625: 624: 621: 620: 615: 610: 605: 604: 603: 601:Left communism 598: 593: 583: 578: 573: 568: 562: 560:Related topics 559: 558: 555: 554: 551: 550: 545: 540: 539: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 478: 477: 476: 471: 461: 456: 455: 454: 444: 443: 442: 431: 428: 427: 424: 423: 420: 419: 409: 399: 389: 379: 369: 359: 349: 339: 328: 325: 324: 321: 320: 317: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 294:Amadeo Bordiga 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 244:Vladimir Lenin 240: 237: 236: 233: 232: 229: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 181:Liquidationism 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 147: 144: 143: 140: 139: 136: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 99: 96: 95: 92: 91: 83: 82: 74: 73: 55:vanguard party 48:Vladimir Lenin 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10999: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10949: 10947: 10932: 10924: 10922: 10921: 10910: 10909: 10906: 10896: 10893: 10889: 10886: 10885: 10884: 10881: 10877: 10874: 10873: 10872: 10869: 10865: 10862: 10861: 10860: 10857: 10856: 10854: 10850: 10842: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10828: 10824: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10792:Printed media 10790: 10788: 10785: 10781: 10778: 10777: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10752: 10750: 10748: 10744: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10726: 10725:Cyrillisation 10723: 10721: 10718: 10717: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10693:Working class 10691: 10689: 10688:Soviet people 10686: 10685: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10670: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10658: 10650: 10647: 10646: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10611: 10609: 10607: 10603: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10581: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10536:Energy policy 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10518: 10516: 10514: 10510: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10481: 10479: 10477: 10473: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10455: 10452: 10451: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10417: 10413: 10405: 10401: 10397: 10393: 10389: 10386: 10385: 10384: 10381: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10368: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10355: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10347: 10343: 10340: 10339: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10324: 10322: 10320: 10316: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10293: 10290: 10289: 10288: 10285: 10284: 10282: 10278: 10270: 10267: 10266: 10265: 10264:Supreme Court 10262: 10259: 10256: 10253: 10250: 10247: 10244: 10240: 10237: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10224: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10209: 10208: 10205: 10204: 10202: 10198: 10192: 10189: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10171: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10148: 10145: 10144: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10126: 10123: 10122: 10121: 10118: 10114: 10111: 10110: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10097: 10094: 10093: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10071: 10070: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10051: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10007: 10005: 10001: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9983: 9980: 9979: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9966: 9963: 9962: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9940: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9867: 9866:The Holocaust 9864: 9862: 9859: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9810: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9792: 9787: 9780: 9775: 9773: 9768: 9766: 9761: 9760: 9757: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9733: 9723: 9722: 9719: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9707:War communism 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9676: 9673: 9672: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9645: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9594: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9569: 9567: 9563: 9556: 9552: 9549: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9521: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9473: 9470: 9469: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9449: 9447: 9443: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9431:Moufawad-Paul 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9069: 9065: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9020: 9018: 9016:Organisations 9014: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8976: 8968: 8965: 8964: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8946: 8943: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8920: 8918: 8916: 8912: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8871: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8734: 8729: 8727: 8722: 8720: 8715: 8714: 8711: 8704: 8700: 8697: 8694: 8690: 8687: 8684: 8681: 8678: 8675: 8672: 8668: 8665: 8662: 8658: 8655: 8652: 8649: 8646: 8642: 8639: 8636: 8635: 8634: 8633: 8626: 8623: 8620: 8617: 8614: 8613: 8609: 8606: 8605: 8601: 8598: 8597: 8593: 8592: 8591: 8590: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8548: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8520:9781101871638 8516: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8496: 8495: 8490: 8489:Lukacs, Georg 8486: 8482: 8478: 8477: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8463: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8435:Žižek, Slavoj 8432: 8428: 8424: 8422:0-300-07827-7 8418: 8414: 8410: 8409: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8394:0-391-03604-1 8390: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8374: 8368: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8338:0-7538-1800-0 8334: 8330: 8328: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8313:0-7453-2491-6 8309: 8305: 8301: 8297: 8296:James, C.L.R. 8293: 8289: 8287:0-89875-212-4 8283: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8261:0-8223-1867-9 8257: 8253: 8249: 8244: 8240: 8238:0-86091-739-8 8234: 8230: 8226: 8222: 8221:Medvedev, Roy 8218: 8214: 8212:0-85036-261-X 8208: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8177: 8172: 8171:Žižek, Slavoj 8167: 8163: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8151: 8150: 8149: 8148:Other authors 8142: 8138: 8135: 8132:Moshe Lewin. 8131: 8128: 8124: 8121: 8117: 8116: 8115: 8114: 8107: 8104: 8101: 8098: 8095: 8092: 8089: 8086: 8083: 8080: 8077: 8074: 8071: 8068: 8065: 8062: 8059: 8056: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8047: 8031: 8024: 8017:. p. 30. 8016: 8009: 8002:. p. 61. 8001: 7994: 7987: 7983: 7976: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7951:Chomsky, Noam 7946: 7930: 7926: 7925: 7920: 7913: 7902: 7895: 7891: 7890:Dauvé, Gilles 7885: 7877: 7873: 7867: 7859: 7855: 7849: 7841: 7837: 7831: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7814: 7809: 7805: 7804:Mattick, Paul 7799: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7773: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7756: 7751: 7747: 7741: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7714: 7706: 7702: 7696: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7675: 7667: 7651: 7647: 7641: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7594: 7586: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7571: 7564: 7558: 7550: 7544: 7540: 7533: 7517: 7513: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7481: 7475: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7446:. p. 1. 7445: 7441: 7440: 7432: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7402: 7396: 7392: 7391: 7383: 7375: 7371: 7364: 7356: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7341: 7333: 7325: 7324: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7303: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7288: 7280: 7272: 7266: 7262: 7255: 7247: 7241: 7237: 7236: 7228: 7220: 7216: 7211: 7210: 7204: 7198: 7190: 7184: 7180: 7179: 7171: 7163: 7157: 7153: 7152: 7144: 7136: 7130: 7126: 7125: 7117: 7109: 7103: 7099: 7098: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7055: 7047: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7032: 7024: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7002: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6985:Medvedev, Roy 6980: 6972: 6966: 6962: 6961: 6953: 6945: 6939: 6935: 6934: 6926: 6918: 6912: 6908: 6907: 6902: 6896: 6888: 6882: 6878: 6877: 6869: 6861: 6860: 6852: 6844: 6838: 6834: 6833: 6825: 6817: 6811: 6807: 6806: 6798: 6796: 6787: 6781: 6777: 6770: 6762: 6756: 6752: 6745: 6737: 6733: 6726: 6718: 6712: 6708: 6703: 6702: 6693: 6685: 6683:0-385-47954-9 6679: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6661: 6653: 6649: 6648: 6640: 6632: 6625: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6587: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6562:"The Old Man" 6559: 6553: 6545: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6526: 6518: 6512: 6508: 6507: 6499: 6491: 6490: 6482: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6452: 6436: 6432: 6426: 6424: 6415: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6394:Trotsky, Leon 6389: 6381: 6375: 6371: 6364: 6356: 6355: 6347: 6339: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6320: 6312: 6306: 6302: 6301: 6293: 6285: 6279: 6275: 6274: 6266: 6258: 6252: 6248: 6247: 6239: 6231: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6189: 6185: 6179: 6177: 6169: 6164: 6157: 6151: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6128: 6118: 6110: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6089: 6084: 6078: 6070: 6066: 6059: 6051: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6019: 6011: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5979: 5971: 5964: 5956: 5951: 5950: 5944: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5919: 5915: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5896: 5892: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5854: 5849: 5841: 5840:Penguin Books 5837: 5836: 5831: 5825: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5803: 5801: 5792: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5762: 5756: 5748: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5727: 5722: 5716: 5708: 5702: 5694: 5687: 5679: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5587: 5579: 5577:0-300-07827-7 5573: 5569: 5565: 5564: 5559: 5553: 5545: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5524: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5473: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5447: 5441: 5433: 5432: 5424: 5422: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5392: 5386: 5382: 5381: 5373: 5369: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5273:communisation 5270: 5266: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5242: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5209:Herman Gorter 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5164: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5129: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5094:Moscow Trials 5091: 5086: 5085:Vadim Rogovin 5081: 5079: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5054:George Novack 5049: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5025:Secret Speech 5022: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5001: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4990:foreign trade 4987: 4986:Orlando Figes 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4950:Soviet Russia 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4910:post–Cold War 4907: 4900: 4899:Soviet Russia 4896: 4892: 4888: 4883: 4879: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4849: 4845: 4844:Russification 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4718:Richard Pipes 4704: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4693:Moscow Trials 4690: 4686: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4669:cult of Lenin 4665: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4595:Roy W. Howard 4592: 4588: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4548:Joseph Stalin 4545: 4541: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4494: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4431:Revolutionary 4426: 4422: 4407: 4405: 4404: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4386: 4380: 4369: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4353: 4352: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4337:ethnocentrism 4334: 4330: 4324: 4319: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4310:ethnocentrism 4307: 4303: 4293: 4291: 4287: 4282: 4278: 4277:profit motive 4274: 4270: 4266: 4265:war communism 4253: 4248: 4246: 4241: 4239: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4230: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4208: 4207: 4196: 4195:Soviet Empire 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4070:War communism 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4021: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4012: 4011: 4003: 4002: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3983: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3967: 3966:Khrushchevism 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3927: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3903: 3902:Supreme Court 3900: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3776: 3775: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3752: 3751: 3750: 3749: 3746: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3682: 3681: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3611: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3598:State Council 3596: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3532: 3529: 3528:White Armies' 3525: 3521: 3517: 3510: 3505: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3478: 3477: 3471: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3406: 3401: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3384: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3358:possible. In 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3340:working class 3337: 3333: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3319: 3312: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3266: 3265: 3259: 3251: 3245: 3243: 3238: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3164: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3067: 3062: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3027: 3017: 3015: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2997: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2945:Revolutionary 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2925:Authoritarian 2923: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2727:Moufawad-Paul 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1837:Eurocommunism 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1822:Austromarxism 1820: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1806: 1805: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1768:Communization 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1742:Praxis School 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1632: 1631: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1509: 1508: 1501: 1500:Working class 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1362: 1361: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1281:Crisis theory 1279: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1260: 1259: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1210: 1209: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 943: 940: 935: 934: 930: 926: 925: 922: 919: 918: 914: 910: 909: 901: 899: 895: 891: 887: 884:(1924), when 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 858: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 807:war communism 804: 800: 799:Soviet Russia 796: 792: 787: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 768: 762: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 715: 706: 702: 691: 686: 684: 679: 677: 672: 671: 669: 668: 663: 658: 653: 651: 646: 641: 639: 629: 628: 627: 626: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 588: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 563: 557: 556: 549: 546: 544: 541: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 506:War communism 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 483: 482: 479: 475: 472: 470: 467: 466: 465: 462: 460: 457: 453: 450: 449: 448: 445: 441: 438: 437: 436: 433: 432: 426: 425: 415: 414: 410: 405: 404: 400: 395: 394: 390: 385: 384: 380: 375: 374: 370: 365: 364: 360: 355: 354: 350: 345: 344: 340: 335: 334: 330: 329: 323: 322: 315: 314:Antonio Negri 312: 310: 309:Kwame Nkrumah 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 289:György Lukács 287: 285: 282: 280: 279:Andrei Bubnov 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 264:Joseph Stalin 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 241: 235: 234: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 148: 142: 141: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 100: 94: 93: 89: 85: 84: 81: 76: 75: 71: 67: 66: 60: 56: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 10911: 10683:Demographics 10673:Antisemitism 10526:Central Bank 10444:Forced labor 10392:Spetsnaz GRU 10212:organisation 10178: 10120:Human rights 10069:Constitution 9952:Subdivisions 9830:Russian SFSR 9786:Soviet Union 9618:Anti-fascism 9504:Soviet Union 8932: 8885:Gift economy 8844:Wage slavery 8699:Paul Mattick 8631: 8630: 8611: 8603: 8595: 8588: 8587: 8565: 8532: 8510: 8492: 8474: 8460: 8438: 8407: 8384: 8362: 8325: 8299: 8273: 8247: 8224: 8202: 8175: 8159: 8147: 8146: 8140: 8133: 8126: 8119: 8112: 8111: 8108:, 1923–1924. 8105: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8075: 8069: 8063: 8057: 8051: 8045: 8044: 8029: 8023: 8014: 8008: 7999: 7993: 7975: 7963:. Retrieved 7945: 7933:. Retrieved 7922: 7912: 7901:the original 7884: 7876:the original 7866: 7858:the original 7848: 7840:the original 7830: 7818:the original 7811: 7798: 7786:the original 7772: 7760:the original 7753: 7740: 7727:the original 7713: 7705:the original 7695: 7678: 7672: 7666: 7654:. Retrieved 7640: 7607: 7603: 7593: 7569: 7563:third period 7557: 7538: 7532: 7520:. Retrieved 7488: 7474: 7462:. Retrieved 7438: 7431: 7421:– via 7409: 7389: 7382: 7373: 7363: 7339: 7332: 7322: 7292:Viking Books 7286: 7279: 7260: 7254: 7234: 7227: 7208: 7197: 7177: 7170: 7150: 7143: 7123: 7116: 7096: 7089: 7064: 7054: 7030: 7023: 7010: 7007:Lewin, Moshe 7001: 6988: 6979: 6959: 6952: 6932: 6925: 6905: 6895: 6875: 6868: 6858: 6851: 6831: 6824: 6804: 6775: 6769: 6750: 6744: 6731: 6725: 6700: 6692: 6674:Anchor Books 6669: 6660: 6651: 6645: 6639: 6630: 6624: 6615: 6606: 6595: 6586: 6569: 6565: 6552: 6532: 6525: 6505: 6498: 6488: 6481: 6469:. Retrieved 6460: 6451: 6439:. Retrieved 6412:– via 6406:. Retrieved 6388: 6369: 6363: 6353: 6346: 6326: 6319: 6299: 6292: 6272: 6265: 6245: 6238: 6228:– via 6222:. Retrieved 6218:the original 6209: 6202:Lenin, V. I. 6196: 6187: 6167: 6163: 6155: 6150: 6134: 6117: 6107:– via 6101:. Retrieved 6097:the original 6087: 6083:Lenin, V. I. 6077: 6064: 6058: 6048:– via 6042:. Retrieved 6038:the original 6028: 6024:Lenin, V. I. 6018: 6008:– via 6002:. Retrieved 5998:the original 5988: 5984:Lenin, V. I. 5978: 5969: 5963: 5948: 5917: 5914:Lewin, Moshe 5894: 5868:. Retrieved 5858: 5852: 5848: 5834: 5824: 5811: 5789:– via 5783:. Retrieved 5779:the original 5769: 5761:Lenin, V. I. 5755: 5745:– via 5739:. Retrieved 5735:the original 5725: 5721:Lenin, V. I. 5715: 5692: 5686: 5676:– via 5670:. Retrieved 5658:Soviet Union 5652: 5638: 5630: 5626: 5621: 5596: 5592: 5586: 5562: 5552: 5529: 5523: 5511:. Retrieved 5486: 5482: 5472: 5463: 5454: 5445: 5440: 5429: 5428:"Leninism". 5411: 5379: 5372: 5301: 5297:police state 5289:Noam Chomsky 5284: 5277:Gilles Dauvé 5262: 5245: 5239: 5229: 5213:Paul Mattick 5170: 5154:partitioning 5141: 5135: 5106: 5082: 5074: 5050: 5019: 4966:Pierre Broue 4940:such as the 4926:Leon Trotsky 4922:totalitarian 4918:Roy Medvedev 4904: 4834:. Historian 4799:collaborated 4791:took up arms 4779: 4715: 4685:antisemitism 4682: 4666: 4639: 4603: 4584: 4561:, then with 4552: 4540:Leon Trotsky 4537: 4532:Leon Trotsky 4491: 4487:Leon Trotsky 4476: 4433:Russia, the 4428: 4401: 4394:exploitation 4384: 4376: 4366: 4360: 4350: 4341:intellectual 4326: 4321: 4313: 4299: 4261: 4155:Human rights 4145:Gulag system 4120: 4091:Demographics 4078: 4013: 3985: 3978: 3955: 3853: 3823: 3788:Constitution 3786: 3742: 3712: 3692: 3645: 3512: 3507: 3499: 3481: 3474: 3453:Leon Trotsky 3449:middle-class 3413: 3403: 3397: 3386: 3359: 3329: 3324: 3316: 3314: 3291: 3279: 3271: 3269: 3262: 3249: 3240: 3234: 3199: 3197: 3163:April Theses 3161: 3159: 3147:social class 3116: 3085: 3075: 2910:Municipalism 2722:Bhattacharya 1867:Situationist 1842:Instrumental 1777: 1495:State theory 1460:Immiseration 1455:Human nature 1445:Exploitation 1275:accumulation 893: 889: 874:emancipation 859: 788: 765: 763: 700: 699: 596:Luxemburgism 531:Soviet Union 440:2nd Congress 411: 401: 391: 381: 371: 361: 351: 341: 331: 274:Alexei Rykov 249:Leon Trotsky 77: 40: 10787:Phraseology 10732:Prohibition 10720:Linguistics 10705:Drug policy 10698:1989 census 10619:Cybernetics 10521:Agriculture 10434:Great Purge 10396:Soviet Navy 10388:Soviet Army 10260:(1989–1991) 10254:(1938–1991) 10248:(1922–1936) 10232:Secretariat 10103:Gun control 10010:Caspian Sea 9994:Closed city 9923:Dissolution 9908:Perestroika 9850:Great Purge 9702:Trade union 9660:LGBT rights 9494:Philippines 8945:Pre-Marxist 8938:Libertarian 8667:Karl Korsch 8431:Lenin, V.I. 8359:Rühle, Otto 8304:Pluto Press 8229:Verso Books 7935:19 February 7746:Rühle, Otto 7415:Cliff, Tony 7217:. pp. 7036:Verso Books 6993:Verso Books 6471:17 December 6441:17 December 6408:28 November 6351:V.L.Lenin. 6224:30 November 6103:30 November 6044:30 November 5785:30 November 5741:30 November 5320:Third World 5199:(1919) and 5189:proletariat 4872:bottlenecks 4697:Great Purge 4637:'s policy. 4572:free speech 4559:Lev Kamenev 4390:bourgeoisie 4302:nationalism 4140:Great Purge 4106:Phraseology 4025:Agriculture 3980:Perestroika 3855:Premiership 3685:Legislature 3663:Secretariat 3414:Before the 3352:proletariat 3348:bourgeoisie 3311:Vanguardism 3194:Imperialism 3190:of Russia. 3155:bourgeoisie 3151:land reform 3143:semi-feudal 3131:bourgeoisie 3127:proletariat 2873:Communalism 2272:Wallerstein 1862:Revisionist 1593:Film theory 1573:Criminology 1568:Archaeology 1480:Proletariat 1465:Imperialism 1378:Bourgeoisie 1353:Wage labour 1246:Reification 1041:On Practice 747:imperialism 591:Libertarian 299:Ho Chi Minh 259:Lev Kamenev 221:Vanguardism 10946:Categories 10827:Opposition 10817:Television 10797:Propaganda 10770:Literature 10644:Naukograds 10639:Sharashkas 10573:(currency) 10551:Inventions 10494:Censorship 10424:Red Terror 10108:Government 9982:Autonomous 9965:Autonomous 9898:Stagnation 9861:Evacuation 9311:Berlinguer 9201:Khrushchev 8179:. Durham: 6004:2 December 5838:. London: 5763:(1965) . 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Verso. 8113:Histories 7965:8 October 7656:2 January 7624:0039-3797 7522:7 October 7464:7 October 7439:Stalinism 7073:0309-2984 6578:0260-9592 6204:(1965) . 5701:cite book 5672:5 January 5503:149135486 5265:Bordigism 5195:at their 5138:socialism 5128:matters. 5118:economics 4974:Stalinism 4908:and some 4876:shortages 4861:Menshevik 4771:Bolshevik 4739:civil war 4722:Stalinism 4720:consider 4635:Comintern 4591:socialism 4455:communism 4435:Stalinist 4421:Stalinism 4383:cultural 4349:cultural 4096:Education 4065:Transport 3961:Stalinism 3891:Judiciary 3734:Presidium 3658:Politburo 3576:President 3535:Economics 3436:Fabianism 3356:socialism 3338:with the 3212:to their 3100:communism 3078:Karl Marx 2977:Economism 2940:Reformist 2920:Socialism 2868:Communism 2848:Anarchism 2702:Coulthard 2627:McDonnell 2587:Screpanti 2497:Rowbotham 2362:Harnecker 2172:Althusser 2112:Deutscher 1952:Kollontai 1942:Luxemburg 1922:Plekhanov 1852:Nkrumaism 1763:Classical 1737:Political 1662:Guevarism 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