Socialist Republic of Croatia

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state entered into economic chaos. The peasantry that provided goods to all the conflicting sides in the war was devastated and human losses were also high. The damage to industry in Yugoslavia was the worst in Europe, while the SR Croatia was among the most damaged republics of Yugoslavia, along with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. The communist authority needed to act in order to prevent hunger, disorder and chaos. Yugoslavia lacked qualified workers, so the economy's renewal was mostly based on mass volunteer work. The recruitment for volunteer work was conducted with propaganda promising a better communist future, especially for members of Yugoslav partisans and youth. Another segment of these labourers were those who feared persecution, mainly opponents of the communist regime and Nazi collaborators. They entered volunteer labour in order to escape persecution. A third segment of the work force consisted of prisoners of war, who worked the hardest jobs.

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the SR Croatia, it was decided that its industrial production needed to be increased by 452%. The fast development in industry required a high number of workers, so from 461,000 workers in 1945, in 1949 there were 1,990,000 workers. On 17 January 1947, Kardelj stated to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Croatia that Yugoslavia would be industrially stronger than Austria and Czechoslovakia. Both Kardelj and Bakarić advocated development of light industry, instead of Hebrang's idea for industry that would serve agriculture. The Five-Year Plan was indeed exaggerated; this plan did not have qualified personnel, market (placement) and capital; even so, the state continued with its implementation.

2379: 161: 2337: 2352: 2367: 752: 145: 738: 235: 2160:. In such a manner, the state introduced forced collectivization of villages. This collectivization soon disappointed the poor peasants who got their land for free in the process of dispossession of wealthy peasants. Even though the communists thought that collectivization would solve the problem with food, on the contrary, the collectivization created the so-called "Bread Crisis" in 1949. The process of dispossession in Yugoslavia lasted from the middle of 1945 until the end of 1949. It was the fastest process of dispossession, even compared to East European communist states. 2391: 766: 2116: 861: 847: 833: 819: 2152:

segment of society was satisfied by it, the large majority of the population was resistant and ready to revolt. Just like in the Soviet Union, the state controlled the entire economy, while free trade was forbidden in favour of central planning. Because of this, the state started rational distribution of necessities for living, which were distributed among the population based on remittances, while consumers gained a certain amount of certificates each month for buying a certain amount of certain goods, including food, clothes and shoes.

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thus Yugoslavia become a strictly centralized state. Moreover, the liquidation of the private sector, cleansing of the state apparatus and high officials and their replacement by half-educated partisans, drastic reduction of the gap between payments of ministers and workers (3:1), and emigration and deaths of the bourgeois class led to the disappearance of the middle class in the social structure, which had a negative effect on social life.

1455: 1303: 805: 1644: 2178: 2205:, he was the most influential person in Yugoslavia. As a chief of the whole economy, Hebrang finished his Five-Year Plan in winter 1946–47 which was approved by the government in spring 1947. Because of the lack of knowledge, the Plan copied the Soviet model. The factories which were built faster were factories that were in the sector of heavy and military industry, of which the most known in SR Croatia were " 690: 1910:, a Bosnian Croat who at the time was the Croatian head of government, said that Croatia would lose around $ 800 million because of that law. Marković became the last head of government of Yugoslavia in 1989 and spent two years implementing various economic and political reforms. His government's efforts were initially successful, but ultimately failed due to the incurable political instability of the SFRY. 1552:. Croatia was the last of the republics to make its own constitution, which was mostly the same as the federal and other republic constitutions. The Constitution of the People's Republic of Croatia was adopted by the Constituent Parliament of the People's Republic of Croatia on January 18, 1947. In their constitutions, all republics were deprived of gaining independence. 1906:

Croatia concerning the need to help poor and less developed regions became more frequent, as Croatia and Slovenia contributed about 60 percent of those funds. The debt crisis, together with soaring inflation, forced the federal government to introduce measures such as the foreign currency law for earnings of export firms.

1845:: people would elect councillors and members of parliaments. However, the real power was in the hands of executive organs. Representative organs (the Parliament and various councils on local and district levels) only served to give legitimacy to their decisions. The party that ruled the SR Croatia was the branch of the 2124:

was above 35 acres was taken from its owners. Nearly half of taken lands were transformed to agricultural areas (state property), while the other half was given to poor peasants. This reform also included the colonization in the SR Croatia where people from the so-called depressed areas moved to areas from which the

2103:, an American aid agency formed as a branch of the United Nations. They distributed food, clothes and shoes, which helped the country avoid mass starvation. Between 1945 and 1946, the UNRRA deployed 2.5 million tons of goods, mostly food, worth US$ 415 million. This amount was equal to twice the imports of the 1613:. However, communists had the majority in parliament and control over the army, leaving the opposition without any real power. Šubašić had his own supporters within the HSS and he tried to unite the party once again, believing that, once united, it would be a major political factor in the country. The 2192:

Industrialization was the most significant process in the economic development of the SR Croatia, as communists promoted industrialization as the main factor in fast development. After the process of renewal, the process of industrialization and electrification started based on the Soviet model. The

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The People's Republic of Croatia adopted its first Constitution in 1947. In 1953 followed "The Constitutional Law on the Basics of Social and Political Organization and on Republican Organs of Authority", actually a completely new constitution. The second (technically third) Constitution was adopted

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All across the country, the state built the sites, and all projects of industrialization and electrification were made with propaganda that the population would have lower poverty and unemployment. The unemployment was indeed reduced, however, new employees were not educated for their jobs, so many

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In the Five-Year Plan, Hebrang wanted to increase the industrial production by five times and agricultural production by 1.5 times, increase the GDP per capita by 1.8 times and the national revenues by 1.8 times. The plan also included the increase of qualified workers, from 350,000 to 750,000. For

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For this process, the state needed a large number of officials who were members of the Communist Party, receiving orders from the Politburo, thus leaving the Yugoslav republic without any power in the economy. The economy of one republic was depending on decisions made by the Politburo in Belgrade,

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At the same time as the persecution of political enemies, communist authorities conducted the Agrarian Reform, a reform made on 23 August 1945. This process included dispossession of wealthy citizens and peasants. Agrarian Reform changed the ownership relations of agricultural properties. Land that

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In the SR Croatia, material damage and losses were high. In the war, the SR Croatia lost 298,000 people, 7.8% of its total population. Because of the 4-year partisan war, bombings, over-exploitation of raw materials and agricultural resources, and destruction of roads and industrial facilities, the

1905:

In 1980, Josip Broz Tito died. Political and economic difficulties started to mount and the federal government began to crumble. The federal government realised that it was unable to service the interest on its loans and started negotiations with the IMF that continued for years. Public polemics in

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The distribution of food and material needed for industry depended on quick rebuilding of damaged roads. The Zagreb-Belgrade railway had been in reconstruction day and night, so the first train to travel this railway after the war, did it by the end of June 1945. Minefields also had to be cleared.

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The first process of nationalization started on 24 November 1944, when Yugoslav Partisans dispossessed their enemies of their assets. The first victims of the confiscation were occupiers and war criminals. However, not long after, the assets of 199,541 Germans, the whole German minority, including

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which would allow for the army to take control of the country. Serbian and Serb-dominated representatives (Montenegro, Vojvodina and Kosovo) already in agreement with the army, voted for the proposal, but as representatives of Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia and Bosnia voted against, the plot failed.

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When he took power, Tito knew that the greatest threat to the development of communism in Yugoslavia was nationalism. Because of that, the communists would crush even the slightest form of nationalism by repression. The communists made the most effort to crush nationalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina

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and others. Communists also had a number of major and minor show trials in order to deal with the fascist regime of the NDH. Also, local leaders of the civic parties would often "disappear" without any witness. Communists not only cleansed the officials who were working for the NDH, but also those

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in 1963; it changed the name of the People's Republic of Croatia (NRH) into the Socialist Republic of Croatia (SRH). Major constitutional amendments were approved in 1971, and in 1974 followed a new Constitution of the SR Croatia which emphasized Croatian statehood as a constituent republic of the

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were the only ways to avoid economic breakdown and that without the state ownership and administrative control it would be impossible to accumulate vast resources, material and human, for economic development. Since every undeveloped country needs vast resources in order to start developing, and

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of the large assets of the bourgeoise. On 28 April 1948, when small shops and the majority of crafts had been nationalized, the private sector in the SR Croatia was liquidated to the end; out of 5,395 private shops, only 5 remained active. This decision was a double-edged sword: while the poor

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In the election campaign, the opposition parties wanted to unite with the Serbian Radical Party and other parties; however, communist activities, using various wiles, ruined their plan. On August 20, 1945, Grol resigned and accused the communists of breaking the Tito–Šubašić agreement. Šubašić

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The communists also introduced a new way of distribution of agricultural products. In order to supply the people who lived in towns and cities, they introduced the redemption of those products. The policy of distribution was based on the idea that the working segment of society should have an

1505:. Croatian partisans had autonomy along with the Slovene and Macedonian partisans. However, on 1 March 1945 they were put under the command of the Supreme Command of the Yugoslav Army, thus losing their autonomy. Partisans of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina did not have such autonomy. 224: 223: 212: 221: 222: 217: 207: 201: 213: 210: 209: 205: 202: 219: 208: 206: 204: 218: 216: 211: 220: 203: 1884:

The only major civic party in Croatia, the Croatian Republican Peasant Party, was active only a few years after the election, but as a satellite of the Communist Party. The clash with the civic anti-communist forces stimulated the Communist Party's centralism and

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as the leader of Serbia, and everything else that followed provoked a very negative reaction in Croatia. The fifty-year-old rift was starting to resurface, and the Croats increasingly began to show their own national feelings and express opposition towards the

2066:, Yugoslav communists thought that the Soviet way to socialism was the only option to create a socialist state. In the early years of the SFR Yugoslavia, Communist members suppressed critics towards the Soviet Union and harbored sympathies towards it. 1629:

himself was also soon forced to resign at the end of October as he also disassociated himself from Tito. Soon, the communists won the election. They won an absolute majority in the parliament which enabled them to create their own form of Yugoslavia.

1672:, the Parliament made various constitutional changes and dropped the prefix "socialist" from the official name, so the "Socialist Republic of Croatia" became simply the "Republic of Croatia" (RH). On 22 December 1990, the Parliament rejected the 2074:

Yugoslavia was among them, communists thought that this was the only way to save the economy of Yugoslavia. Also, their ideology included elimination of the private sector, as they thought that such an economic system was historically wasteful.

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was the leader of the opposition; as the leading figure of the opposition he opposed the idea of a federal state, denied the right for Montenegrins and Macedonians to have their republics, and held that an agreement between Tito and

1978:(that some Croats claimed was disproportionate). Memories from the Second World War were evoked by the rhetoric coming from the Belgrade administration. As Milošević and his clique rode the wave of Serbian nationalism across 1973:

Ethnic Serbs, who constituted 12% of the population of Croatia, rejected the notion of separation from Yugoslavia. Serb politicians feared the loss of influence they previously had through their membership of the

1380:, DFJ), was not a constitutionally socialist state, or even a republic, in anticipation of the conclusion of the war, when these issues were settled. On November 29, 1945, Democratic Federal Yugoslavia became the 1841:) made of around ten persons. Its members were assigned to certain fields: one controlled the armed forces, another the development of the state, a third the economy etc. Ostensibly, the system of government was 2017:

The dying country had yet to see a few more Serb leadership's attempts to push the plan for centralizing the power in Belgrade, but because of resistance in all other republics, the crisis only deteriorated.

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In the spring of 1949, the state introduced high taxes on private farmer's economies which farmers were unable to pay. This forced them to enter into the peasant labour unions, formed based on the Soviet

1950:

of Croatia", was taken to heart by the fans on the location and many more elsewhere because of the expressed patriotism. On October 26, parliament declared All Saints Day (November 1) a public holiday.

1482:. However, in 1943 Croats started to join the partisans in larger numbers. In 1943, the number of Croat partisans in Croatia increased, so in 1944 they made up 61% of the partisans in the territory of 198: 199: 2140:. The confiscation of property was also conducted; people who were trading during the war were declared war profiteers and by this, the state gained factories, banks and large shops. 2062:

The economy of the SFR Yugoslavia and thus of the Socialist Republic of Croatia was initially influenced by the Soviet Union. As the Communist Party of Yugoslavia was a member of the

1853:(KPH). Even though the party had a Croatian name, its membership was only 57% Croats, along with 43% Serb. The majority of members were peasants and the majority was half-educated. 2083:

68,781 ha of land, were confiscated as well. Until the end of the war, the state controlled 55% of industry, 70% of mining, 90% of ferrous metallurgy and 100% of the oil industry.

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city square. In light of the changing political circumstances, their song "Mojoj majci" ("To my mother"), where the songwriter hailed the mother in the song as "the last

2225:, as a link between the ministries and the Party's leadership. By their implementation, the state gained even greater control over the economy. The companies had their 1897:, but even so, their greatest supporters in this process were local Serbs. Soon, the Serbs were overrepresented in the Croatian and Bosnian state and party leadership. 1548:. Not long after, the Communist Party started to prosecute those who opposed the communist one-party system. On January 30, 1946, the Constituent Assembly ratified the 2221:

objects were built slowly and many of them were not built at all. Following the current views of the Communist Party, the role of leading the economy was given to the

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during World War II were arrested after the end of World War II amid conflicts between the Catholic Church and the Allied Powers, including the Archbishop of Zagreb,

2351: 2197:. As President of the Economy Council and President of the Planning Commission, Hebrang was in charge of all ministries that dealt with the economy. Alongside Tito, 1860:

in order to compromise them to the general public. On 6 June 1946, the Supreme Court of the SR Croatia sentenced some of the leading officials of the NDH, including

1501:(National Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Croatia), a legislative body of the future Croatian republic within Yugoslavia. Its first president was 1958:

led by Milošević insisted on replacing the 1974 constitutional policy that empowered the republics with a policy of "one person, one vote", which would benefit the

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On November 29, 1945, the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly held a session where it was decided that Croatia would be joined by five other republics in Yugoslavia:

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was held on April 22 and May 6, 1990. After the first multi-party elections, the creation of a constituent republic based on democratic institutions occurred.

1918: 4154: 2475: 4139: 2253:

and communist Yugoslav officials, no new Catholic bishops were appointed in the People's Republic of Croatia until 1960. This left the dioceses of

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advantage in quantity and diversity of goods over the non-working, parasitic segment. This led to development of black markets and speculation.

1533: 2258: 4169: 2378: 2012:(an eight-member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces) in an attempt to get them to declare a 1638: 1216: 3307: 3257: 1331: 1048: 2099:

Even though relations between the Western countries and Yugoslavia were tense, significant help to the people of Yugoslavia came from the

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whole economy, the creation of a system and the formulation of the strategy of development in the Five-Year Plan, was in the charge of

1381: 4085: 3242: 1821:(actually President of the Presidium of the Parliament of the People's Republic of Croatia), who was, during the war, Chairman of the 3741: 1696:

a national state of the Croatian people, the state of the Serbian people in Croatia and the state of other nationalities living in it

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at the end of November 1943. At that session, the Yugoslav communist leadership decided to reestablish Yugoslavia as federal state.

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without bishops for several years. From the mid-1950s, there were only four seated bishops in Croatia in three dioceses:

2274: 2262: 1625:. Šubašić knew that this would put the HSS under control of the communists and ended the negotiations about unification. 1208: 3719: 3617: 2038:

After the first free elections, in July 1990, the prefix "socialist" was dropped, and thereafter Croatia was named the

1846: 1537: 961: 757: 4057: 3953: 3863: 3592: 3457: 3377: 3228: 3206: 3185: 3161: 1545: 1106: 1474:

in Croatia did not have considerable support from Croats, with an exception of the Croats in the Croatian region of

4149: 3777: 3322: 1559:. The Communist Party's officials were, at the same time, state officials, while the Party's Central Committee was 1529: 1324: 2553: 4031: 3398: 3312: 2137: 1850: 1838: 1833:, post-war Yugoslavia was strictly centralized. The main organ was the Politburo of the Central Committee of the 1555:

Republics had only formal autonomy; initially, communist Yugoslavia was a highly centralized state, based on the

1053: 2107:

in 1938, or 135% of its tax revenues. It is generally thought that UNRRA fed and clothed some 5 million people.

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According to the Art. 1.2 of the 1974 Croatian Constitution, the Socialist Republic of Croatia was defined as "

1541: 1091: 144: 4129: 3812: 3487: 2531: 2270: 1622: 1567:. The governments of the republics were only part of the mechanism which executed the Politburo's decisions. 1373: 1149: 743: 559: 2357: 3878: 3787: 3736: 3612: 3541: 3524: 3357: 3285: 2452: 1970:, respectively) to leave the Congress in protest and marked a culmination in the rift of the ruling party. 1857: 1590:

In post-war Yugoslavia, communists had a struggle for power with the opposition that supported King Peter.

1483: 1293: 1277: 1238: 1096: 954: 624: 2229:; however, they did not have operational autonomy, since they were, as state organs, under state control. 3978: 3836: 3497: 1913:

Ethnic tensions were on the increase and would result in the demise of Yugoslavia. The growing crisis in

1513: 1345: 1317: 1184: 993: 3948: 3692: 3607: 3597: 3551: 3519: 3272: 2317: 1954:

In January 1990, during the 14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the delegation of

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to sixteen years' imprisonment, but in December 1951, he was released to house arrest at his home in

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Map showing the economic development of the Yugoslav republics in 1947 (average development is 100%).

2005: 1038: 977: 854: 785: 3802: 3602: 3587: 2763: 2194: 2181: 2009: 1975: 1842: 462: 334: 2899: 2732: 1687:. It was under this Constitution that independence would be proclaimed on 25 June 1991 (after the 4026: 3996: 3906: 3853: 3697: 3680: 3658: 3536: 3425: 3350: 2412: 2246: 2046: 2026: 1922: 1684: 1423: 1272: 969: 901: 679: 654: 611: 585: 166: 123: 96: 66: 40: 3986: 3216: 2871: 182: 4016: 3792: 3685: 2342: 1600: 1599:

guaranteed that the opposition needed to have half of the ministers in the new government. The

1583: 2254: 2202: 3991: 3963: 3873: 3807: 3668: 3627: 3507: 3420: 3153: 2278: 2104: 1412: 1388:, FNRJ), a socialist People's Republic. Accordingly, the Federal State of Croatia became the 3146: 2499:

Cultural Perspectives on Youth Justice: Connecting Theory, Policy and International Practice

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In 1990, the government dismantled the single-party system of government – installed by the

953:). By territory and population, it was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia, after the 3858: 3822: 3797: 3731: 3663: 3575: 2305: 884: 826: 639: 251: 2900:"Odluka o proglašenju Amandmana LXIV. do LXXV. na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske" 2872:"Odluka o proglašenju Amandmana LIV. do LXIII. na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske" 2733:"Odluka o proglašenju Amandmana LXIV. do LXXV. na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske" 2115: 1938: 1856:

Soon after they gained power, the Communists started to persecute former officials of the

1596: 1579: 8: 3938: 3883: 3782: 3714: 3641: 3512: 2222: 2039: 1657: 1222: 1174: 1169: 1121: 1043: 491: 291: 2001:

In February 1990, SR Croatia changed its constitutional system to a multi-party system.

1826: 1810: 414: 4050: 4021: 3898: 3817: 3755: 3492: 3482: 3385: 2447: 2013: 1962:

Serb population. This caused first the Slovenian and then Croatian delegations (led by

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Franjo Tuđman was elected president and his government embarked on a path toward the

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was adopted, under which the Socialist Republic of Croatia was simply renamed as the

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On April 7, 1963, the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) was renamed the

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Referred to in the 1974 Constitution as the "Croatian Literary Language" and as the "

282: 2290: 2249:, with a small number of other religions. Due to strained relationships between the 1990:. The availability of mass media allowed for propaganda to be spread fast and spark 1865: 4066: 3958: 3943: 3921: 3888: 3415: 2242: 2133: 1886: 1861: 1676: 1603:(HSS), part of the opposition, had divided into three branches: one supporting the 1556: 1479: 1086: 771: 302: 3274:

Republics and autonomous provinces of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

1983: 1907: 965: 429: 381: 3767: 3467: 3196: 3175: 2497: 2397: 2238: 2148: 1673: 1101: 1081: 927: 572: 324: 321: 308: 305: 150: 2556:[Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (1974), Article 138] 2206: 1610: 4071: 3462: 2904: 2876: 2768: 2737: 2561: 2434: 2321: 2198: 1818: 1502: 1307: 1179: 366: 277: 1967: 1963: 1415:

in 1948. In 1963 the People's Republic of Croatia also accordingly became the

477: 4118: 4100: 4087: 3926: 3408: 3171: 2125: 1058: 949:

after the war. It had four full official names during its 48-year existence (

709: 1806: 1486:, while Serbs made up 28%; all other ethnicities made up the remaining 11%. 3911: 3403: 2313: 2226: 1987: 1982:, talking about battles to be fought for Serbdom, emerging Croatian leader 1563:, the highest organ of the party; however, main decisions were made by the 1063: 942: 3566: 1817:

The first post-war head of state of the Socialist Republic of Croatia was

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Because of partisan victories and increased territory held by partisans,

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and Croatia and tried to suppress the hatred between Croats, Serbs and

1830: 1591: 964:– and adopted a multi-party democracy. The newly elected government of 2471: 3450: 3440: 2063: 1564: 1454: 1408: 973: 1617:, a party split from the HSS, wanted to enter the People's Front, a 1605: 1582:, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia in exile and prominent member of the 1490: 941:

Along with five other Yugoslav republics, Croatia was formed during

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who supported the Croatian Peasant Party and the Catholic Church.

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held a major concert before almost 250,000 people in the central

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Croatia became part of the Yugoslav federation in 1943 after the

935: 798: 318: 3848: 2304:. Aloysius Stepinac was arrested on 16 September 1946. He was 2157: 2147:

The next step in the implementation of the Agrarian Reform was

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had been expelled. In the SR Croatia, colonization occurred in

1955: 1943: 1930: 1914: 1823:

State Antifascist Council of the People's Liberation of Croatia

1822: 1609:, the other supporting the communists and the third supporting 1575: 1498: 1407:(SFRY). Yugoslavia (and therefore Croatia) gradually abandoned 1369: 1349: 546: 267: 3050: 3048: 2496:

Dolezal, Dalibor (2016). Arnull, Elaine; Fox, Darrell (eds.).

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In the CPY, it was generally thought that state ownership and

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used during World War II and early post-war period (1943–47)

2345:

used during World War II and early post-war period (1943–47)

2100: 1517: 1509: 1478:. The majority of partisans on the territory of Croatia were 2920: 1670:

first multi-party parliamentary elections held in April 1990

3045: 3004: 3002: 2989: 2987: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2830: 2828: 2815: 2813: 2788: 2786: 1995: 1947: 1656:. All the constitutions and amendments were adopted by the 1653: 1550:

Constitution of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia

1494: 3089: 3087: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2675: 2673: 2648: 2646: 2554:"Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske (1974), Član 138" 2296:

Many priests accused of collaboration with the Ustaše and

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Traditional translation, one more accurate would be the

3122: 3084: 3060: 3033: 3014: 2965: 2709: 2697: 2685: 2670: 2643: 2607: 2631: 2619: 1919:

memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts

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from Yugoslavia in 1991 and thereby contributing to

909: 115: 88: 58: 32: 2528:

Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011

3145: 2588: 2476:Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (Croatia) 2411:Coat of arms used in 1990, before adoption of the 2132:, while colonists were the poor peasants, mostly 1825:(ZAVNOH), while the first head of government was 1813:, the first head of government of the SR Croatia. 4116: 1180:Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia 841:SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia 2524:"Population by ethnicity, 1971 – 2011 censuses" 1437:The republic is commonly referred to simply as 1986:reciprocated with talk about making Croatia a 1829:. Ironically, even though communists promoted 1430:. It was under this constitution that Croatia 4160:States and territories disestablished in 1991 3358: 3258: 2752: 2316:, where he died in 1960. Stepinac was made a 2241:and approximately 12% of the population were 2020: 1639:Politics of the Socialist Republic of Croatia 1325: 2057: 1368:) on May 9, 1944, at the 3rd session of the 3334:* in order of population and territory size 2864: 2289:, Franjo Salis-Seewiss, Mihovil Pušić, and 2186:Secretary of the Communist Party of Croatia 1460:All in the fight for the freedom of Croatia 4155:States and territories established in 1943 3365: 3351: 3265: 3251: 2892: 2396:Flag used in 1990, before adoption of the 1632: 1332: 1318: 233: 3215: 3180:. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 3170: 3105: 3078: 3008: 2993: 2959: 2938: 2926: 2846: 2834: 2819: 2804: 2792: 2721: 2664: 2613: 2086: 2077: 1386:Federativna Narodna Republika Jugoslavija 16:Federated state of Yugoslavia (1943–1991) 4140:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 3194: 3128: 3093: 3066: 3054: 3039: 3027: 2978: 2715: 2703: 2691: 2679: 2652: 2637: 2625: 2599:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCohen1996 ( 2176: 2114: 1805: 1642: 1574: 1453: 1405:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 932:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 2502:. New York City: Springer. p. 87. 2495: 2474:[State symbols] (in Croatian). 1382:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 649:56,594 km (21,851 sq mi) 4145:Administrative divisions of Yugoslavia 4117: 3198:Povijest Jugoslavije: (1918–1991–2003) 3143: 2858: 1366:Federalna Država Hrvatska, FD Hrvatska 3346: 3246: 3148:Croatia : a nation forged in war 2758: 2727: 2594: 1900: 4170:1991 disestablishments in Yugoslavia 3372: 2167: 2033:1990 Croatian parliamentary election 1936:On October 17, 1989, the rock group 1029:History of Croatia before the Croats 3152:(2nd ed.). New Haven; London: 1470:In the first years of the war, the 1378:Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija 1356:. It was officially founded as the 1348:and through the resolutions of the 13: 3201:. Zagreb: Naklada P.I.P. Pavičić. 2110: 934:. By its constitution, modern-day 14: 4186: 4165:1943 establishments in Yugoslavia 3238: 3223:(in Croatian). Golden marketing. 2188:, a creator of the Five-Year Plan 2172: 1615:Croatian Republican Peasant Party 1497:, Croatian partisans founded the 911:Социјалистичка Република Хрватска 906:Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska 879: 90:Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska 3565: 2880:(in Croatian). February 14, 1990 2427: 2404: 2389: 2384:Emblem of SR Croatia (1947–1990) 2377: 2365: 2350: 2335: 1689:Croatian independence referendum 1444: 1301: 1012: 859: 845: 831: 817: 803: 778: 764: 750: 736: 689: 688: 196: 159: 143: 3111: 2237:The majority of residents were 1976:League of Communists in Croatia 1839:League of Communists of Croatia 1621:organization controlled by the 1449: 2576: 2546: 2516: 2489: 2464: 2372:Flag of SR Croatia (1945–1990) 1801: 1721:Organs of state administration 77:Socialist Republic of Croatia 1: 4125:Socialist Republic of Croatia 2532:Croatian Bureau of Statistics 2458: 2331: 1847:Communist Party of Yugoslavia 1758:Presidency of the Parliament 1623:Communist Party of Yugoslavia 1417:Socialist Republic of Croatia 1374:Democratic Federal Yugoslavia 1255:Socialist Republic of Croatia 1150:Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) 898:Socialist Republic of Croatia 744:Democratic Federal Yugoslavia 49:People's Republic of Croatia 3778:Gross domestic product (GDP) 3118:Catholic Dioceses in Croatia 2908:(in Croatian). July 25, 1990 2453:Timeline of Croatian history 1858:Independent State of Croatia 1730:Presidium of the Parliament 1484:Independent State of Croatia 1422:On December 22, 1990, a new 1390:People's Republic of Croatia 1239:Independent State of Croatia 955:Socialist Republic of Serbia 938:is its direct continuation. 7: 3473:Personal union with Hungary 2420: 2232: 1791: 1775:Presidency of the Republic 1774: 1763: 1757: 1746: 1740: 1732: 1729: 1719: 1714: 1570: 1523: 1346:Second Session of the AVNOJ 1185:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 968:moved the republic towards 914:), commonly abbreviated as 522:Chamber of Representatives 10: 4191: 4175:Former socialist republics 3708:Chief of the General Staff 3137: 2764:"Ustav Republike Hrvatske" 2584:Federated State of Croatia 2327: 2052: 2024: 2021:Transition to independence 1998:, creating a war climate. 1851:Communist Party of Croatia 1835:Communist Party of Croatia 1706: 1636: 1394:Narodna Republika Hrvatska 1372:. Yugoslavia, then called 1244: 1155:Croatian Military Frontier 950: 918:and referred to as simply 630:March 1991 – November 1995 60:Narodna Republika Hrvatska 4044: 3977: 3897: 3844: 3835: 3763: 3754: 3742:Security and intelligence 3649: 3640: 3583: 3574: 3563: 3498:Austrio-Hungarian kingdom 3384: 3331: 3281: 3221:Hrvatska moderna povijest 3195:Matković, Hrvoje (2003). 2058:Economic model and theory 1794: 1788: 1780: 1777: 1771: 1760: 1754: 1743: 1726: 1716:Organs of state authority 1711: 1466:poster from World War II. 910: 875: 786:Free Territory of Trieste 715: 703: 678: 674: 664: 660: 653: 645: 638: 634: 621: 608: 595: 586:Last Constitution adopted 582: 569: 556: 543: 539: 529: 513: 497: 487: 483: 468: 453: 449: 439: 435: 420: 405: 401: 391: 387: 372: 357: 353: 343: 290: 273: 263: 247: 232: 189: 177: 139: 134: 34:Federalna Država Hrvatska 23:Federal State of Croatia 21: 3654:Administrative divisions 2010:Presidency of Yugoslavia 1843:representative democracy 1781:Republic Administration 1764:Republic Administration 1747:Republic Administration 1358:Federal State of Croatia 1245:Federal State of Croatia 983: 190:"Our Beautiful Homeland" 4150:20th century in Croatia 3144:Tanner, Marcus (2001). 2064:Communist International 2047:independence of Croatia 2027:Independence of Croatia 1685:Constitution of Croatia 1647:Coat of arms SR Croatia 1633:Politics and government 878: 599:Independence referendum 338:constitutional republic 239:Location of Croatia in 3308:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2189: 2120: 2087:Renewal of the economy 2078:Economy during the war 2006:Yugoslav People's Army 1814: 1691:held on 19 May 1991). 1665: 1648: 1601:Croatian Peasant Party 1587: 1584:Croatian Peasant Party 1534:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1467: 1365: 905: 885:Croat or Serb language 116: 89: 59: 33: 4101:45.81611°N 15.97417°E 3508:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 3421:Dalmatian city-states 3154:Yale University Press 2762:(December 22, 1990). 2398:current national flag 2180: 2118: 2105:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1809: 1658:Parliament of Croatia 1646: 1578: 1457: 1217:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1117:Republic of Dubrovnik 1054:Origins of the Croats 612:Independence declared 274:Common languages 4130:Communism in Croatia 3969:World Heritage Sites 2413:current coat of arms 2223:directorate-generals 1707:Government branches 1512:decided to hold the 1352:, Croatia's wartime 1267:Contemporary Croatia 962:League of Communists 924:constituent republic 827:SAO Western Slavonia 506:Chamber of Counties 252:Constituent republic 183:Lijepa naša domovino 106:Republic of Croatia 4097: / 3788:History of currency 3542:War of Independence 3525:'Independent State' 2472:"Državna obilježja" 2243:Orthodox Christians 2203:Aleksandar Ranković 2040:Republic of Croatia 2004:In March 1991, the 1921:, the emergence of 1489:On 13 June 1943 in 1428:Republic of Croatia 1278:War of independence 1223:Banovina of Croatia 1175:Kingdom of Dalmatia 1170:Kingdom of Slavonia 1122:Republic of Poljica 1044:Ostrogothic Kingdom 625:War of Independence 560:End of World War II 552:13 and 14 June 1943 4106:45.81611; 15.97417 3813:Telecommunications 3547:Croatia since 1995 3532:Socialist Republic 3493:Illyrian Provinces 3483:Republic of Ragusa 3177:Croatia: A History 3057:, p. 286-287. 2929:, p. 210-211. 2564:. 22 February 1974 2448:History of Croatia 2247:Serbian Patriarchy 2190: 2121: 2014:state of emergency 1923:Slobodan Milošević 1917:, the nationalist 1901:After Tito's death 1874:Mehmed Alajbegović 1815: 1778:Executive Council 1761:Executive Council 1744:Executive Council 1649: 1588: 1472:Yugoslav Partisans 1468: 1434:on June 25, 1991. 1432:became independent 1308:Croatia portal 1283:Croatia since 1995 1209:State of Slovenes, 1165:Kingdom of Illyria 1160:Illyrian Provinces 1145:Republic of Venice 1112:Union with Hungary 1107:Kingdom of Croatia 947:socialist republic 855:Dubrovnik Republic 758:Kingdom of Hungary 393:Head of government 325:socialist republic 309:socialist republic 117:Republika Hrvatska 4080: 4079: 4040: 4039: 3934:Croatian language 3831: 3830: 3750: 3749: 3737:Foreign relations 3727:Political parties 3636: 3635: 3478:Venetian Dalmatia 3399:Origins of Croats 3340: 3339: 3335: 2731:(July 25, 1990). 2509:978-1-13743-397-8 2302:Aloysius Stepinac 2287:Aloysius Stepinac 2168:Industrialization 1939:Prljavo kazalište 1872:, Ivan Perčević, 1870:Miroslav Navratil 1799: 1798: 1681:liberal democracy 1413:Tito–Stalin split 1354:deliberative body 1342: 1341: 1097:Southern Dalmatia 894: 893: 871: 870: 867: 866: 791: 790: 525: 509: 473: 470:• 1989–1990 458: 455:• 1943–1944 425: 422:• 1990–1991 410: 407:• 1945–1953 377: 374:• 1990–1991 362: 359:• 1943–1949 335:Semi-presidential 225: 193: 129: 111: 103: 82: 72: 54: 46: 28: 4182: 4135:Yugoslav Croatia 4112: 4111: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4093: 4090: 4060: 4053: 3842: 3841: 3761: 3760: 3647: 3646: 3581: 3580: 3569: 3488:Habsburg kingdom 3458:Medieval kingdom 3367: 3360: 3353: 3344: 3343: 3333: 3267: 3260: 3253: 3244: 3243: 3234: 3217:Bilandžić, Dušan 3212: 3191: 3167: 3151: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3012: 3006: 2997: 2991: 2982: 2976: 2963: 2957: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2823: 2817: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2777: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2746: 2725: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2641: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2559: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2468: 2437: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2408: 2393: 2381: 2369: 2354: 2339: 1887:authoritarianism 1862:Slavko Kvaternik 1827:Vladimir Bakarić 1811:Vladimir Bakarić 1701: 1700: 1677:one-party system 1334: 1327: 1320: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1247: 1241: 1225: 1211:Croats and Serbs 1087:Duchy of Croatia 1049:Byzantine Empire 1016: 1006: 988: 987: 913: 912: 882: 863: 862: 849: 848: 835: 834: 821: 820: 807: 806: 795: 794: 782: 781: 772:Kingdom of Italy 768: 767: 754: 753: 740: 739: 733: 732: 717: 716: 699: 698: 692: 691: 685: 591:22 December 1990 523: 507: 471: 456: 423: 415:Vladimir Bakarić 408: 375: 360: 332: 316: 303:Marxist–Leninist 300: 237: 227: 226: 191: 187: 163: 147: 128: 127: 119: 113: 110: 107: 102: 101: 100: 92: 85: 83: 81: 78: 71: 70: 62: 56: 53: 50: 45: 44: 36: 30: 27: 24: 19: 18: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4180: 4179: 4115: 4114: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4076: 4063: 4056: 4049: 4036: 3973: 3949:Public holidays 3893: 3827: 3746: 3693:Law enforcement 3632: 3618:Protected areas 3570: 3561: 3468:Ban of Slavonia 3380: 3371: 3341: 3336: 3327: 3277: 3271: 3241: 3231: 3209: 3188: 3164: 3140: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3116: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3092: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3046: 3038: 3034: 3026: 3015: 3007: 3000: 2992: 2985: 2977: 2966: 2958: 2945: 2937: 2933: 2925: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2833: 2826: 2818: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2791: 2784: 2775: 2773: 2757: 2753: 2744: 2742: 2726: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2671: 2663: 2659: 2651: 2644: 2636: 2632: 2624: 2620: 2612: 2608: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2567: 2565: 2560:(in Croatian). 2557: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2537: 2535: 2534:. 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points 3590: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3557:European Union 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3528: 3527: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3463:Ban of Croatia 3460: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3428: 3426:Lower Pannonia 3423: 3418: 3416:Medieval duchy 3413: 3412: 3411: 3406: 3396: 3390: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3370: 3369: 3362: 3355: 3347: 3338: 3337: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3299: 3298: 3293: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3270: 3269: 3262: 3255: 3247: 3240: 3239:External links 3237: 3236: 3235: 3229: 3213: 3207: 3192: 3186: 3172:Goldstein, Ivo 3168: 3162: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3133: 3131:, p. 284. 3121: 3110: 3108:, p. 225. 3106:Bilandžić 1999 3098: 3096:, p. 295. 3083: 3081:, p. 213. 3079:Bilandžić 1999 3071: 3069:, p. 287. 3059: 3044: 3042:, p. 294. 3032: 3030:, p. 286. 3013: 3011:, p. 224. 3009:Bilandžić 1999 2998: 2996:, p. 223. 2994:Bilandžić 1999 2983: 2981:, p. 293. 2964: 2962:, p. 212. 2960:Bilandžić 1999 2943: 2941:, p. 211. 2939:Bilandžić 1999 2931: 2927:Bilandžić 1999 2919: 2905:Narodne novine 2891: 2877:Narodne novine 2863: 2861:, p. 207. 2851: 2849:, p. 190. 2847:Goldstein 1999 2839: 2837:, p. 209. 2835:Bilandžić 1999 2824: 2822:, p. 235. 2820:Bilandžić 1999 2809: 2807:, p. 219. 2805:Bilandžić 1999 2797: 2795:, p. 218. 2793:Bilandžić 1999 2782: 2769:Narodne novine 2751: 2738:Narodne novine 2720: 2718:, p. 277. 2708: 2706:, p. 276. 2696: 2694:, p. 274. 2684: 2682:, p. 272. 2669: 2667:, p. 208. 2665:Bilandžić 1999 2657: 2655:, p. 281. 2642: 2640:, p. 280. 2630: 2628:, p. 257. 2618: 2616:, p. 215. 2614:Bilandžić 1999 2606: 2587: 2575: 2562:Narodne novine 2545: 2515: 2508: 2488: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2435:Croatia portal 2422: 2419: 2417: 2416: 2410: 2403: 2401: 2395: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2364: 2362: 2356: 2349: 2347: 2341: 2334: 2329: 2326: 2322:Pope Pious XII 2291:Josip Srebrnič 2271:Split-Makarska 2234: 2231: 2199:Edvard Kardelj 2174: 2173:Five-Year Plan 2171: 2169: 2166: 2112: 2109: 2088: 2085: 2079: 2076: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2025:Main article: 2022: 2019: 1902: 1899: 1866:Vladimir Košak 1819:Vladimir Nazor 1803: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1679:and adopted a 1637:Main article: 1634: 1631: 1619:suprapolitical 1572: 1569: 1525: 1522: 1514:second session 1503:Vladimir Nazor 1480:Croatian Serbs 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1340: 1339: 1337: 1336: 1329: 1322: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1297: 1296: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1250: 1249: 1236: 1234: 1227: 1226: 1219: 1214: 1207: 1205: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1092:Lower Pannonia 1089: 1084: 1082:Avar Khaganate 1078: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1039:Roman Dalmatia 1036: 1034:Roman Pannonia 1031: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1009: 1008: 999: 998: 991: 985: 982: 902:Serbo-Croatian 892: 891: 889: 888: 876: 873: 872: 869: 868: 865: 864: 857: 851: 850: 843: 837: 836: 829: 823: 822: 815: 809: 808: 801: 792: 789: 788: 783: 775: 774: 769: 761: 760: 755: 747: 746: 741: 729: 728: 723: 713: 712: 707: 701: 700: 686: 676: 675: 672: 671: 668: 665: 662: 661: 658: 657: 651: 650: 647: 643: 642: 636: 635: 632: 631: 628: 622: 619: 618: 615: 609: 606: 605: 602: 596: 593: 592: 589: 583: 580: 579: 576: 570: 567: 566: 563: 557: 554: 553: 550: 544: 541: 540: 537: 536: 531: 530:Historical era 527: 526: 520: 514: 511: 510: 504: 498: 495: 494: 489: 485: 484: 481: 480: 475: 469: 466: 465: 460: 454: 451: 450: 447: 446: 443: 437: 436: 433: 432: 427: 421: 418: 417: 412: 406: 403: 402: 399: 398: 395: 389: 388: 385: 384: 379: 373: 370: 369: 367:Vladimir Nazor 364: 358: 355: 354: 351: 350: 347: 341: 340: 294: 288: 287: 278:Croato-Serbian 275: 271: 270: 265: 261: 260: 249: 245: 244: 238: 230: 229: 195: 175: 174: 165: 158: 157: 149: 142: 141: 140: 137: 136: 132: 131: 124:Serbo-Croatian 97:Serbo-Croatian 67:Serbo-Croatian 41:Serbo-Croatian 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4187: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4113: 4110: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3896: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3864:Ethnic groups 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3803:Privatization 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3793:National Bank 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3713: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3703:General Staff 3701: 3700: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3639: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3521: 3518: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3410: 3409:White Croatia 3407: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3368: 3363: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3349: 3348: 3345: 3330: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3275: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3256: 3254: 3249: 3248: 3245: 3232: 3230:953-6168-50-2 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3208:953-6308-46-0 3204: 3200: 3199: 3193: 3189: 3187:1-85065-525-1 3183: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3163:0-300-09125-7 3159: 3155: 3150: 3149: 3142: 3141: 3130: 3129:Matković 2003 3125: 3119: 3114: 3107: 3102: 3095: 3094:Matković 2003 3090: 3088: 3080: 3075: 3068: 3067:Matković 2003 3063: 3056: 3055:Matković 2003 3051: 3049: 3041: 3040:Matković 2003 3036: 3029: 3028:Matković 2003 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3010: 3005: 3003: 2995: 2990: 2988: 2980: 2979:Matković 2003 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2961: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2940: 2935: 2928: 2923: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2895: 2879: 2878: 2873: 2867: 2860: 2855: 2848: 2843: 2836: 2831: 2829: 2821: 2816: 2814: 2806: 2801: 2794: 2789: 2787: 2772:(in Croatian) 2771: 2770: 2765: 2761: 2755: 2741:(in Croatian) 2740: 2739: 2734: 2730: 2724: 2717: 2716:Matković 2003 2712: 2705: 2704:Matković 2003 2700: 2693: 2692:Matković 2003 2688: 2681: 2680:Matković 2003 2676: 2674: 2666: 2661: 2654: 2653:Matković 2003 2649: 2647: 2639: 2638:Matković 2003 2634: 2627: 2626:Matković 2003 2622: 2615: 2610: 2602: 2597:, p. 95. 2596: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2563: 2555: 2549: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2519: 2511: 2505: 2501: 2500: 2492: 2477: 2473: 2467: 2463: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2425: 2414: 2407: 2402: 2399: 2392: 2387: 2380: 2375: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2333: 2332: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2259:Đakovo-Osijek 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2165: 2161: 2159: 2153: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2138:Bosnian Serbs 2135: 2131: 2127: 2126:Volksdeutsche 2117: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2084: 2075: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2050: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2036: 2034: 2028: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2008:met with the 2007: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1984:Franjo Tuđman 1981: 1977: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1908:Ante Marković 1898: 1896: 1890: 1888: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1812: 1808: 1785: 1784: 1768: 1767: 1751: 1750: 1737: 1736: 1725: 1722: 1717: 1710: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1668:). After the 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1645: 1640: 1630: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1607: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1445:Establishment 1442: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1335: 1330: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1263: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1246: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1131: 1130: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1073: 1072: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1059:White Croatia 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1023:Early history 1020: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1001: 1000: 995: 990: 989: 981: 979: 975: 971: 967: 966:Franjo Tuđman 963: 958: 956: 952: 948: 945:and became a 944: 939: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 907: 903: 899: 886: 881: 877: 874: 858: 856: 853: 852: 844: 842: 839: 838: 830: 828: 825: 824: 816: 814: 811: 810: 802: 800: 797: 796: 793: 787: 784: 777: 776: 773: 770: 763: 762: 759: 756: 749: 748: 745: 742: 735: 734: 731: 730: 727: 724: 722: 719: 718: 714: 711: 708: 706: 705:ISO 3166 code 702: 687: 681: 677: 673: 669: 663: 659: 656: 652: 648: 644: 641: 637: 633: 629: 626: 620: 616: 613: 607: 603: 600: 594: 590: 587: 581: 577: 574: 568: 564: 561: 555: 551: 548: 542: 538: 535: 532: 528: 521: 518: 512: 505: 502: 496: 493: 490: 486: 482: 479: 476: 467: 464: 461: 452: 448: 444: 442: 438: 434: 431: 430:Josip Manolić 428: 419: 416: 413: 404: 400: 396: 394: 390: 386: 383: 382:Franjo Tuđman 380: 371: 368: 365: 356: 352: 348: 346: 345:Head of state 342: 339: 336: 331: 326: 323: 320: 315: 310: 307: 304: 299: 295: 293: 289: 284: 279: 276: 272: 269: 266: 262: 259: 258: 253: 250: 246: 242: 236: 231: 185:" (1972–1991) 184: 180: 176: 170: 162: 154: 146: 138: 133: 125: 118: 104: 98: 91: 73: 68: 61: 42: 35: 20: 4082: 3997:Coat of arms 3992:Checkerboard 3907:Architecture 3854:Demographics 3681:Human rights 3659:Constitution 3537:Independence 3531: 3520:World War II 3404:White Croats 3302: 3220: 3197: 3176: 3147: 3124: 3113: 3101: 3074: 3062: 3035: 2934: 2922: 2910:. Retrieved 2903: 2894: 2882:. Retrieved 2875: 2866: 2854: 2842: 2800: 2774:. Retrieved 2767: 2754: 2743:. Retrieved 2736: 2723: 2711: 2699: 2687: 2660: 2633: 2621: 2609: 2590: 2583: 2578: 2566:. Retrieved 2548: 2536:. Retrieved 2527: 2518: 2498: 2491: 2479:. Retrieved 2466: 2314:Jastrebarsko 2295: 2236: 2227:legal person 2219: 2215: 2191: 2162: 2154: 2146: 2142: 2122: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2081: 2068: 2061: 2044: 2037: 2030: 2003: 2000: 1988:nation state 1972: 1953: 1937: 1935: 1912: 1904: 1891: 1883: 1855: 1816: 1720: 1715: 1695: 1693: 1683:through the 1650: 1627: 1611:Vladko Maček 1604: 1597:Ivan Šubašić 1589: 1580:Ivan Šubašić 1560: 1557:Soviet model 1554: 1527: 1507: 1488: 1469: 1459: 1450:World War II 1438: 1436: 1427: 1424:Constitution 1421: 1416: 1402: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1377: 1357: 1343: 1273:Independence 1254: 1232:World War II 1197:20th century 1064:White Croats 970:independence 959: 943:World War II 940: 919: 915: 897: 895: 880: 726:Succeeded by 725: 720: 666:• 1991 617:25 June 1991 441:Party leader 329: 313: 297: 255: 178: 75: 48: 4104: / 4012:Decorations 3503:World War I 3431:Red Croatia 3394:Prehistoric 2859:Tanner 2001 2320:in 1953 by 2207:Rade Končar 1968:Ivica Račan 1964:Milan Kučan 1802:Tito period 1795:Government 1789:Parliament 1772:Parliament 1755:Parliament 1741:Parliament 1733:Government 1727:Parliament 1398:NR Hrvatska 1203:World War I 1076:Middle Ages 1003:History of 972:, formally 813:SAO Krajina 721:Preceded by 693: 0.672 604:19 May 1991 524:(1990–1991) 517:Lower house 508:(1990–1991) 501:Upper house 488:Legislature 478:Ivica Račan 169:(1947–1990) 153:(1947–1990) 109:(1990–1991) 80:(1963–1990) 52:(1946–1963) 26:(1943–1945) 4119:Categories 4092:15°58′27″E 4089:45°48′58″N 3964:Television 3939:Literature 3874:Healthcare 3715:Parliament 3669:Government 3628:Topography 3436:Narentines 3323:Montenegro 2776:2011-12-27 2745:2011-12-27 2595:Cohen 1996 2530:. Zagreb: 2459:References 2283:Poreč-Pula 2211:Prvomajska 2071:centralism 1980:Yugoslavia 1831:federalism 1792:President 1786:1990–1991 1769:1974–1990 1752:1971–1974 1738:1953–1971 1712:1947–1953 1592:Milan Grol 1538:Montenegro 1411:after the 916:SR Croatia 655:Population 565:8 May 1945 330:1990–1991: 314:1948–1990: 298:1945–1948: 292:Government 257:Yugoslavia 241:Yugoslavia 188:(English: 4022:Interlace 3879:Languages 3859:Education 3823:Transport 3732:Elections 3664:President 3613:Mountains 3576:Geography 3451:Kanalites 3441:Zachlumia 3313:Macedonia 3291:Vojvodina 2912:April 27, 2538:6 October 2306:sentenced 2275:Dubrovnik 1674:communist 1565:Politburo 1546:Macedonia 1409:Stalinism 1134:Modernity 951:see below 670:4,784,265 322:one-party 306:one-party 285:standard) 135:1943–1991 4067:Category 3884:Religion 3869:Genetics 3798:The euro 3783:Industry 3698:Military 3642:Politics 3513:Banovina 3446:Travunia 3378:articles 3318:Slovenia 3219:(1999). 3174:(1999). 2421:See also 2318:cardinal 2255:Križevci 2251:Holy See 2233:Religion 2158:kolhozes 2134:Croatian 2130:Slavonia 1992:jingoism 1960:majority 1928:Belgrade 1662:Croatian 1571:Election 1530:Slovenia 1524:Creation 1476:Dalmatia 1464:Partisan 1362:Croatian 1294:Timeline 994:a series 992:Part of 974:seceding 922:, was a 534:Cold War 283:Croatian 4051:Outline 4002:Costume 3979:Symbols 3922:Cuisine 3899:Culture 3837:Society 3818:Tourism 3756:Economy 3720:Speaker 3608:Mammals 3598:Islands 3588:Climate 3386:History 3374:Croatia 3303:Croatia 3138:Sources 2568:24 July 2481:25 July 2443:Croatia 2328:Symbols 2267:Šibenik 2245:of the 2209:" and " 2053:Economy 1895:Muslims 1704:Period 1561:de jure 1439:Croatia 1005:Croatia 936:Croatia 930:of the 920:Croatia 799:Croatia 623:• 610:• 597:• 584:• 571:• 558:• 545:• 515:• 499:• 457:(first) 409:(first) 361:(first) 319:Titoist 264:Capital 181: " 179:Anthem: 4072:Portal 3987:Anthem 3917:Cinema 3849:Croats 3773:Energy 3768:Brands 3623:Rivers 3376: 3296:Kosovo 3286:Serbia 3227: 3205: 3184: 3160: 2884:May 9, 2506: 2358:Emblem 2310:Krašić 2279:Rijeka 2184:, 4th 1956:Serbia 1944:Zagreb 1931:regime 1915:Kosovo 1849:, the 1606:Ustaše 1542:Serbia 1499:ZAVNOH 1491:Otočac 1370:ZAVNOH 1350:ZAVNOH 996:on the 697:medium 684:(1991) 682: 547:ZAVNOH 472:(last) 445: 424:(last) 397: 376:(last) 349: 268:Zagreb 248:Status 167:Emblem 120: 93: 63: 37: 4058:Index 4032:Names 4027:Motto 4017:Flags 4007:Crown 3959:Sport 3944:Music 3889:Women 3603:Lakes 2760:Sabor 2729:Sabor 2558:(PDF) 2312:near 2263:Zadar 2101:UNRRA 1666:Sabor 1518:Jajce 1510:AVNOJ 984:Names 640:Area 492:Sabor 3927:Wine 3686:LGBT 3552:NATO 3225:ISBN 3203:ISBN 3182:ISBN 3158:ISBN 2914:2009 2886:2009 2601:help 2570:2012 2540:2021 2504:ISBN 2483:2012 2343:Flag 2298:Axis 2281:and 2201:and 2136:and 2031:The 1996:fear 1994:and 1966:and 1948:rose 1654:SFRY 1544:and 1495:Lika 926:and 896:The 646:1991 578:1971 151:Flag 3912:Art 2213:". 1698:". 1516:in 1462:", 1400:). 680:HDI 254:of 4121:: 3156:. 3086:^ 3047:^ 3016:^ 3001:^ 2986:^ 2967:^ 2946:^ 2902:. 2874:. 2827:^ 2812:^ 2785:^ 2766:. 2735:. 2672:^ 2645:^ 2526:. 2324:. 2293:. 2277:, 2273:, 2269:, 2265:, 2261:, 2257:, 2049:. 2042:. 1933:. 1889:. 1876:, 1868:, 1864:, 1664:: 1540:, 1536:, 1532:, 1493:, 1441:. 1419:. 1396:, 1364:: 980:. 957:. 908:/ 904:: 710:HR 3366:e 3359:t 3352:v 3276:* 3266:e 3259:t 3252:v 3233:. 3211:. 3190:. 3166:. 2916:. 2888:. 2779:. 2748:. 2603:) 2572:. 2542:. 2512:. 2485:. 1660:( 1586:. 1458:" 1392:( 1384:( 1376:( 1360:( 1333:e 1326:t 1319:v 900:( 887:" 281:( 192:) 126:) 122:( 99:) 95:( 69:) 65:( 43:) 39:(

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