Sinking of the RMS Lusitania

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When Senator Robert M. La Follette suggested in 1917 a conspiracy where Wilson was warned that the ship carried 6 million rounds of ammunition, the New York authorities responded by providing him with the correct number. It is true that due to wartime censorship, issues of war materials were not to be freely discussed in the British press, though Germany's communications with the US were printed in British newspapers. However, official denial of the presence of "munitions" or "special ammunition" at the time really related to a denial of the possibility that the ship was carrying cargo dangerous to the passengers (hence statements like "she had on board 4200 cases of cartridges they certainly do not come under the classification of ammunition"), or a denial that the ship was an armed warship ("equipped with masked guns, supplied with trained gunners and special ammunition"). The position taken by the British and Americans was not that there was no war materiel, but rather that what was present aboard the ship did not remove the passengers' right to safety, which is inherently endangered when attacked the way the ship was.

1040:, which was acknowledged by a coastal wireless station. Shortly afterward he transmitted the ship's position, 10 nautical miles (19 km) south of the Old Head of Kinsale. At 14:14, electrical power failed, plunging the cavernous interior of the ship into darkness. Radio signals continued on emergency batteries, but electric lifts failed, trapping crew members in the forward cargo hold who had been preparing luggage to go ashore at Liverpool later that evening; it was these seamen precisely who were to report to muster stations to launch lifeboats in the event of a sinking; bulkhead doors, that were closed as a precaution before the attack, could not be reopened to release trapped men. The rudder became inoperable with the loss of power as well, meaning the ship could not be steered to counteract the list or to beach herself. Few testimonies report passengers trapped in the two central elevators, though one saloon passenger claimed to have seen the lifts stuck between the boat deck and the deck below while passing through the First Class entrance. 2006: 2622: 2034: 2887: 661:. Shortly after departure three German-speaking men were found on board hiding in a steward's pantry. Detective Inspector William Pierpoint of the Liverpool police, who was travelling in the guise of a first-class passenger, interrogated them before locking them in the cells for further questioning when the ship reached Liverpool. Also among the crew was an Englishman, Neal Leach, who had been working as a tutor in Germany before the war. Leach had been interned but later released by Germany. The German embassy in Washington was notified about Leach's arrival in America, where he met known German agents. Leach and the three German stowaways went down with the ship. They were found with photographic equipment and thus probably had been tasked with spying on the ship. Most probably, Pierpoint, who survived the sinking, would already have been informed about Leach. 3270:

U-boats when possible, but "if a submarine comes up suddenly close ahead of you with obvious hostile intention, steer straight for her at your utmost speed... she will probably dive, in which case you will have ensured your safety..." Further instructions ten days later advised armed steamers to open fire on a submarine that is "obviously pursuing with hostile intentions", even if it had not yet fired. Private individuals offered bounties for submarines sunk. Given the vulnerability of a submarine to ramming or even small-calibre shellfire, a U-boat that surfaced and gave warning against a merchantman which had been given such instructions was putting itself in significant danger. The Germans knew of these, even though they were intended to be secret, copies having been obtained from captured ships and from wireless intercepts. Bailey and Ryan in their book

672:, she had 1,960 people aboard. In addition to her crew of 693 and three stowaways, she carried 1,264 passengers, mostly British nationals as well as a large number of Canadians, along with 159 Americans. 124 of the passengers were children. Her First Class accommodations, for which she was well regarded on the North Atlantic run, were booked at just over half capacity at 290. Second Class was severely overbooked with 601 passengers, far exceeding the maximum capacity of 460. While a large number of small children and infants helped reduce the squeeze into the limited number of two- and four-berth cabins, the situation was rectified by allowing some Second Class passengers to occupy empty First Class cabins. In Third Class, the situation was considered to be the norm for an eastbound crossing, with only 370 travelling in accommodations designed for 1,186. 3459:

explode, Leading Fireman Albert Martin later testified he thought the torpedo entered the boiler room and exploded between a group of boilers. Though this account was a physical impossibility, many others did place the torpedo strike in the general vicinity of the boiler rooms. It is also known the forward boiler room filled with steam, and steam pressure feeding the turbines dropped dramatically following the second explosion. These point toward a failure, of one sort or another, in the ship's steam-generating plant. It is possible the failure came, not directly from one of the boilers, but rather in the high-pressure steam lines to the turbines. Witnesses reported explosions many minutes after the attack from the flooded parts of the ship, which suggests at least some of the boilers did explode.

3279: 681: 41: 3450:. Ballard, believing initially that the explosion was due to contraband, tried to confirm John Light's findings of a large hole on the port side of the wreck. Instead he found no hole, and when he inspected the whole exposed area of the cargo hold he found it "clearly undamaged". He thus concluded no cargo explosion took place. During his investigation, Ballard noted a large quantity of coal on the sea bed near the wreck, and after consulting an explosives expert advanced the theory of a coal dust explosion. He believed dust in depleted coal bunkers would have been thrown into the air by the torpedo detonation; the resulting cloud would have been ignited by a spark, causing the second explosion. Critics of the theory say 2592: 758:, and the intelligence department had been undertaking a program of misinformation to convince Germany to expect an attack on her northern coast. As part of this, ordinary cross-channel traffic to the Netherlands was halted from 19 April and false reports were leaked about troop ship movements from ports on Britain's western and southern coasts. This led to a demand from the German army for offensive action against the expected troop movements and consequently, a surge in German submarine activity on the British west coast. The fleet was warned to expect additional submarines, but this warning was not passed on to those sections of the navy dealing with merchant vessels. The return of the battleship 2223: 2570: 3416: 3228: 3600: 1314: 2492:, who advised the Kaiser on the danger a break with the Americans would pose. The Kaiser thus ordered on 6 June that secret directives be sent that rescinded Bachmann's order to deliberately target enemy passenger vessels and stated that deliberate attacks on large ocean liners would cease. The admirals had also counted on "accidentally" sinking a few neutral ships to deter the others, but now, if the nationality of a ship is in doubt, attacks should be aborted. Tirpitz and Bachmann offered their resignations, but they were rejected by the Kaiser. To preserve the prestige of the German military, not even Ambassador Bernstorff was told. 877:. By 06:00, heavy fog had arrived and extra lookouts were posted. Upon entering the war zone, Captain Turner had 22 lifeboats swung out as a precaution so they could be launched more quickly if needed. As the ship came closer to Ireland, Captain Turner ordered depth soundings to be made and at 08:00 for speed to be reduced to eighteen knots, then to 15 knots and for the foghorn to be sounded. Some of the passengers were disturbed that the ship appeared to be advertising her presence. By 10:00, the fog began to lift, by noon it had been replaced by bright sunshine over a clear smooth sea and speed increased to 18 knots. 644: 1962: 1768:

suggested to him it would help the case if two torpedoes had struck the ship, rather than the one which he described. Giving evidence to the tribunal he was not asked about torpedoes. Other witnesses who claimed that only one torpedo had been involved were refused permission to testify. In contrast to his statement at the inquest, Captain Turner stated that two torpedoes had struck the ship, not one. In an interview in 1933, Turner reverted to his original statement that there had been only one torpedo. Most witnesses said there had been two, but a couple said three, possibly involving a second submarine.

3220:, governed the seizure of vessels at sea during wartime. Although changes in technology such as radio and the submarine would eventually make parts of them irrelevant, they were generally acknowledged at the start of the war. Merchant ships were to be warned by warships, and their passengers and crew allowed to abandon ship before they were sunk, unless the ship resisted or tried to escape, or was in a convoy protected by warships. Limited armament on a merchant ship, such as one or two guns, did not necessarily affect the ship's immunity to attack without warning, and neither did a cargo of munitions or 165: 2351: 2018: 3258:(1) The waters around Great Britain and Ireland, including the whole of the English Channel, are hereby declared to be a War Zone. From February 18 onwards every enemy merchant vessel encountered in this zone will be destroyed, nor will it always be possible to avert the danger thereby threatened to the crew and passengers. (2) Neutral vessels also will run a risk in the War Zone, because in view of the hazards of sea warfare and the British authorization of January 31 of the misuse of neutral flags, it may not always be possible to prevent attacks on enemy ships from harming neutral ships. 1866: 1155: 912: 994:

in approximate agreement, as witnesses reported a plume of water which knocked Lifeboat No. 5 off its davits and a geyser of steel plating, coal smoke, cinders, and debris high above the deck, and crew working in the boilers claimed they were inundated immediately. This would accord with Schwieger's description. "It sounded like a million-ton hammer hitting a steam boiler a hundred feet high", one passenger said. A second explosion followed, ringing throughout the ship, and thick grey smoke began to pour out of the funnels and ventilator cowls that led deep into the boiler rooms.

2313: 1697:. He stated that he had received other instructions from the Admiralty which he had carried out but was not permitted to discuss. The coroner brought in a verdict that the deceased had drowned following an attack on an unarmed non-combatant vessel contrary to international law. Half an hour after the inquest had concluded and its results given to the press, the Crown Solicitor for Cork, Harry Wynne, arrived with instructions to halt it. Captain Turner was not to give evidence and no statements should be made about any instructions given to shipping about avoiding submarines. 2717: 847: 2607: 1137: 923: 1193: 2343:, the issue was about principle, not facts. All that mattered was the German responsibility for the safety of the unresisting crew and passengers of the ship. Once it was confirmed that the ship was not armed and was attacked by surprise, no warning or strategic justification can allow the violation of "the principles of law and humanity". The US was already committed to this approach, had never previously warned passengers to not travel on British ships and saying so now would be an abandonment of the government's responsibility to protect its citizens. 3404:, shell casings and fuses, all of which were listed on the ship's two-page manifest, filed with US Customs after she departed. The small arms ammunition were known to be non-explosive in bulk, and were clearly marked as such. It was perfectly legal under American shipping regulations for the liner to carry these; experts agreed they were not to blame for the second explosion. The inquiry at the time of the sinking found that there were no other explosives on board, though there has been a long history (starting from German propagandists) of people 7310:"It is most important to attract neutral shipping to our shores, in the hope especially of embroiling the U.S. with Germany. The German formal announcement of indiscriminate submarining has been made to the United States to produce a deterrent effect on traffic. For our part we want the traffic—the more the better & if some of it gets into trouble better still. Therefore do please furbish up at once your insurance offer to neutrals trading with us after February 18th. The more that come, the greater our safety & the German embarrassment." 884:: "U-boats active in southern part of Irish Channel. Last heard of twenty miles south of Coningbeg Light Vessel." Booth and all of Liverpool had received news of the sinkings, which the Admiralty had known about by at least 3:00 that morning. Turner adjusted his heading northeast, not knowing that this report related to events of the previous day and apparently thinking submarines would be more likely to keep to the open sea, or that a sinking would be safer in shallower water. At 13:00 another message was received, "Submarine five miles south of 1899: 1353: 1986: 1776: 1077: 2496: 1175: 1874:

room at the rear of the ship where he had been seated. Information about Marechal's background was sought out by the British government and then distorted and leaked to the press so as to discredit him. The rifle cartridges Marichal alluded to were mentioned during the case, with Lord Mersey stating that "the 5,000 cases of ammunition on board were 50 yards away from where the torpedo struck the ship, there were no other explosives on board". All had agreed they could not have caused the second explosion.

2539:, rendered these arrangements moot by giving an order on his own authority: all U-boats operating in the English Channel and off the west coast of the United Kingdom were recalled, and the U-boat war would continue only in the North sea, where it would be conducted under the Prize Law rules. Thus, Pohl's U-boat experiment was called off entirely. This would be the situation until the end of the following February, where a brief intensification of U-boat commerce attacks would lead to the attack on the 2373:) affirmed the right of Americans to travel as passengers on merchant ships of any nationality, reaffirmed the doctrine of strict accountability. As the Germans were claiming that it was impossible to conduct submarine warfare against merchant vessels "without disregarding those rules of fairness, reason, justice, and humanity which all modern opinion regards as imperative", "manifestly, submarines cannot be used against merchantmen". Bryan discredited himself when he told Austro-Hungarian ambassador 1090:

with people from in the water. Lifeboats 9 (5 people on board) and 11 (7 people on board) managed to reach the water safely with a few people, but both later picked up many swimmers. Lifeboats 13 and 15 also safely reached the water, overloaded with around 150 people. Finally, Lifeboat 21 (52 people on board) reached the water safely and cleared the ship moments before her final plunge. A few of her collapsible lifeboats washed off her decks as she sank and provided flotation for some survivors.

5806:"This government has already taken occasion to inform the Imperial German government that it cannot admit the adoption of such measures or such a warning of danger to operate as in any degree an abbreviation of the rights of American shipmasters or of American citizens bound on lawful errands as passengers on merchant ships of belligerent nationality; and that it must hold the Imperial German government to a strict accountability for any infringement of those rights, intentional or incidental." 609: 1843:

the Admiralty warning of "submarine activity 20 miles south of Coningbeg" effectively overrode other Admiralty advice to keep to 'mid channel', which was where he believed the submarines to be. He had, therefore, approached the Head of Kinsale to obtain a bearing, intending to bring the ship closer to land and then take a course north of the reported submarine a mere half mile away from shore. It was while steering a straight course to obtain this bearing that the attack came.

1826: 2928: 14268: 14251: 2068:"carried contraband of war" and also because she "was classed as an auxiliary cruiser" Germany had had a right to destroy her regardless of any passengers aboard. Dernburg further said that the warnings given by the German Embassy before her sailing, plus the 18 February note declaring the existence of "war zones" relieved Germany of any responsibility for the deaths of the American citizens aboard. He referred to the ammunition and military goods declared on 14263: 14243: 3587:

anti-interventionalist Secretary of State Bryan reacted to the sinking by advising President Wilson to instead simply prohibit passenger ships from carrying ammunition. In 1916, after the Germans were pressured into restricting their submarine campaign, relations between the US and Germany actually improved even as tonnage of ships sunk grew. Meanwhile, relations with the British became markedly worse, with some even suggesting that America join the war

3365: 515:, head of the German Admiralty Staff, sent a memo to the Kaiser. This detailed the woefully small number of ships sunk so far, and Bachmann argued this showed that the submarine war can only really be effective if U-boats were completely unrestricted, and so could attack without determining the identity and nationality of ships. With the encouragement of Tirpitz, the Kaiser sent out secret instructions on 2 April to discourage the common tactic of 1847: 2813: 3702:

appropriate. In addition Turner is blamed for the poor preparedness of the ship, including the poor quality of lifeboat drilling, and allowing many portholes to be open. While most would agree that running into the submarine was ultimately a matter of bad luck, with the more modern understanding that the ship may have sunk from torpedo damage alone, the degree to which Turner may have exacerbated the loss of life gains greater significance.

395: 2129:, stated: "The sinking of the giant English steamship is a success of moral significance which is still greater than material success. With joyful pride we contemplate this latest deed of our Navy. It will not be the last. The English wish to abandon the German people to death by starvation. We are more humane. We simply sank an English ship with passengers who, at their own risk and responsibility, entered the zone of operations." The 1706: 2762: 1693:. Most of the survivors (and dead) had been taken to Queenstown instead of Kinsale, which was closer. On 10 May Captain Turner gave evidence as to the events of the sinking where he described that the ship had been struck by one torpedo between the third and fourth funnels. This had been followed immediately by a second explosion. He acknowledged receiving general warnings about submarines, but had not been informed of the sinking of 3669:

despite public protests from Germany. They conclude that sending secret, illegal explosives in a passenger ship is unlikely given the availability of other dedicated cargo ships. They and other authors also note the contradiction of some authors suggesting that the ship was carrying essential war cargo, and yet simultaneously arguing the British were conspiring to get her sunk. The presence or absence of munitions being carried by

3715: 1598: 3408:. Patrick O'Sullivan agrees that the shells were empty (to be filled with explosives on arrival) and the fuses non-explosive, using sworn testimony from the manufacturer in a later case and an analysis of the shells' listed weight. He asserts that a consignment of fine aluminium powder, possibly disturbed during the first explosion, may be responsible. In experiments though, the explosion of aluminum powder or guncotton ( 2621: 3490: 556: 2466: 172: 3634:, could carry almost 3000 tons of materials despite being a tenth the size. It also may be noted that the British War Office considered the majority of US-manufactured ammunition in this period to be of poor quality and so "suitable for emergency use only", and in any case incapable of supplying consumption of over 5 million rounds per day. American ammunition contracts were cancelled in 1916. 3473:

degree list of the ship, indicate that the torpedo struck in between boiler rooms 1 and 2. This was an especially vulnerable location, allowing immediate flooding from both boiler rooms' bunkers, and led to a secondary explosion from the boilers or steam apparatus within that likely did not cause much additional critical damage. The speed of the sinking was thus due to the poor ability of

5877:"It is manifestly possible, therefore, to lift the whole practice of submarine attack above the criticism which it has aroused and remove the chief causes of offence. Repetition by the commanders of German naval vessels of acts in contravention of those rights must be regarded by the Government of the United States, when they affect American citizens, as deliberately unfriendly." 567:, who had long had concerns about the legality of the February submarine campaign, and believing the Americans to be underestimating the dangers, consulted a group of representatives of other German administrative departments, and decided to issue a general warning to the American press. This notice was to appear in 50 American newspapers, including those in New York: 1886:

Ryan are of the opinion that Mersey decided to "whitewash" Turner, having indicated suspicion of mismanagement from Turner and Cunard in his questioning. Admiral Inglefield had suggested he blame Turner for disobeying Admiralty orders, but Mersey had responded that this may help strengthen Germany's case. When the verdict came, it was met with anger and surprise from

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North Sea was now a "military area", and issued orders restricting the passage of neutral shipping into and through the North Sea to special channels where supervision would be possible (the other approaches having been mined). Taking advantage of this and the British Admiralty's order of 31 January 1915 that British merchant ships should fly neutral colours as a

3412:) (a suggested hidden explosive) did not appear to match the properties observed at the time. The presence of other secret explosives has never been proven. Eyewitness reports, including accounts by the U-boat captain and onlookers who saw a specific lifeboat destroyed, also tend to place the position of the initial torpedo strike far back from the cargo hold. 3468:

portholes which had been left open for ventilation. In 1997, naval architects at JMS argued this point, noting that once the ship lost steam pressure, systems like automatic watertight doors would no longer function, allowing the ship in their simulations to sink as fast as it did without any additional damage. In 2012, explosives researchers at

1918:, where he had ruled in favour of the shipping company. Mayer was a conservative who was considered a safe pair of hands with matters of national interest, and whose favourite remark to lawyers was to "come to the point". The case was to be heard without a jury. The two sides agreed beforehand that no question would be raised regarding whether 1941:

occurred between the first and second funnel, or third and fourth. The nature of the official cargo was considered, but experts considered that under no conditions could the cargo have exploded. A record exists that Crewman Jack Roper wrote to Cunard in 1919 requesting expenses for his testimony in accord with the line indicated by Cunard.

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sliding down towards the bridge. This has been disputed by passenger and crew testimony. Some untrained crewmen would lose their grip on handheld ropes used to lower the lifeboats while trying to lower the boats into the ocean, spilling their occupants into the sea. Others tipped on launch as some panicking people jumped into the boat.

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Germans convinced themselves that Americans were toothless. "The policy of the American Government is dominated by the one thought of not becoming involved in any complications whatsoever. 'We want to stay out of everything' is the single rule." In late April/early May there were German attacks on two additional American vessels, the

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unreliable at this time anyway. Churchill was speaking to Runciman in the context of offering insurance to neutral merchant shipping that Germany hoped to deter from trading with Britain. His statements did not apply to a British liner – indeed, his "embroilment" was meant to create "safety" for Allied ships like the

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noted for expressing much sympathy for his victims. A few survivor accounts also noted that they saw the submarine surfacing as the ship was sinking, some offering the criticism that the sub did not offer aid. While this is an unrealistic demand, it has been suggested that this surfacing did genuinely happen.

2816: 2673:, the British did not want US military help, but they felt America "falls short morally" in insufficiently condemning German methods and character. America thus should at least break relations with German temporarily. British propaganda was thus also aimed at America, with the sinking concurrent with the 1009: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2814: 3614:

was officially carrying among her cargo 4200 cases of rifle/machine-gun ammunition, 1,250 cases of empty shrapnel artillery shells, and the artillery fuzes for those shells stored separately. This comprised a total of 173 tons. In September 2008, .303 cartridges were recovered from the wreck by diver

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At the post-sinking inquiry, Captain Turner refused to answer certain questions on the grounds of war-time secrecy imperatives. The British government continues to keep secret certain documents relating to the final days of the voyage, including certain of the signals passed between the Admiralty and

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quickly without a second substantial explosion, and are strengthened by recent research that found that this blast would be enough to cause, on its own, serious off-centre flooding. The deficiencies of the ship's original watertight bulkhead design would then exacerbate the situation, as did the many

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International reaction was negative, with many considering the announcement a bluff. Most considered cruiser rules to be still valid, even beyond the end of the war. Nevertheless, in response, the British Admiralty issued orders on 10 February 1915 which directed merchant ships to escape from hostile

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The Bavarian government, alarmed at the strong worldwide reaction to Goetz's work, suppressed further production of the original medal and ordered confiscation in April 1917. After the war Goetz expressed his regret that his work had been the cause of increasing anti-German feelings, but it remains a

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was sunk on 19 August. The ship was sailing outward from Britain, and so clearly not transporting contraband of any sort, further angering the Americans. With increasing evidence of the ineffectiveness of the U-boat campaign, which was originally promised to force the British to the negotiating table

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could not have been targeted specifically, and that it was "obviously sound policy to refrain as far as possible from any attack on passenger ships". Bernstorff saw his role as preserving diplomatic relations with the US "under all circumstances", and frequently acted without instruction from Berlin.

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urged compromise and restraint. The US, he believed, should try to persuade the British to abandon their interdiction of foodstuffs and limit their mine-laying operations at the same time as the Germans were persuaded to curtail their submarine campaign. He also suggested that the US government issue

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She had aboard 4,200 cases of cartridges, but they were cartridges for small arms, packed in separate cases... they certainly do not come under the classification of ammunition. The United States authorities would not permit us to carry ammunition, classified as such by the military authorities, on a

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An additional hearing took place on 1 July, at the insistence of Joseph Marichal, who was threatening to sue Cunard for their poor handling of the disaster. He testified that the second explosion had sounded to him like the rattling of machine gun fire and appeared to be below the second class dining

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had slowed to 15 knots at one point because of fog, but had otherwise maintained 18 knots passing Ireland. 18 knots was faster than all but nine other ships in the British merchant fleet could achieve and was comfortably faster than the submarine. At the time, no ship had been torpedoed travelling at

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It was during the closed hearings that the Admiralty tried to lay the blame on Captain Turner, their intended line being that Turner had been negligent. The roots of this view began in the first reports about the sinking from Vice-Admiral Coke commanding the Navy at Queenstown. He reported that "ship

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sank in only 18 minutes, at a distance of 11.5 nautical miles (21 km) off the Old Head of Kinsale. Despite being relatively close to shore, it took several hours for help to arrive from the Irish coast. By the time help arrived, however, many in the 52 °F (11 °C) water had succumbed to

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when a wave swept upward towards the bridge and the rest of the ship's forward superstructure, knocking him overboard into the sea. He managed to swim and find a chair floating in the water which he clung to. He survived, having been pulled unconscious from the water after spending three hours there.

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s severe starboard list complicated the launch of her lifeboats. Ten minutes after the torpedo struck, when she had slowed enough to start putting boats in the water, the lifeboats on the starboard side swung out too far to step aboard safely. While it was still possible to board the lifeboats on the

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surfaced again at 12:45 as visibility was now excellent. At 13:20, something was sighted and Schwieger was summoned to the conning tower: at first it appeared to be several ships because of the number of funnels and masts, but this resolved into one large steamer appearing over the horizon. At 13:25,

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was low on fuel and had only three torpedoes left. That morning, visibility was poor and Schwieger decided to head for home. He submerged at 11:00 after sighting a fishing boat which he believed might be a British patrol and shortly after was passed while still submerged by a ship at high speed. This

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and her operation in view of the threat. She was ordered not to fly any flags in the war zone; a number of warnings, plus advice, were sent to the ship's commander to help him decide how to best protect his ship against the new threat and it also seems that her funnels were most likely painted a dark

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remained in commercial service; although bookings aboard her were by no means strong during that autumn and winter, demand was strong enough to keep her in civilian service. Economizing measures were taken, however. One of these was the shutting down of her No. 4 boiler room to conserve coal and crew

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Many of the large liners were laid up over the autumn and winter of 1914–1915, in part due to falling demand for passenger travel across the Atlantic, and in part to protect them from damage due to mines or other dangers. Among the most recognizable of these liners, some were eventually used as troop

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Many authors have suggested some sort of cover-up from the British or American authorities regarding the presence of the munitions. Yet the presence of the materiel was well known at the time, being made public in newspapers, raised in the official British inquiry, and presented to President Wilson.

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Another theory is that in fact only one explosion took place, with the "first explosion" merely the physical impact of the torpedo on the hull, though this faces the problem that torpedoes of the time used were fused to explode immediately on impact. In any case, explanations like this and the steam

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put much emphasis on these orders, pointing out that though the directives were "definitely designed to save shipping", attempting to ram or even merely to evade could be argued to make attacking the ship legitimate. In their opinion, this, rather than the munitions, the nonexistent armament, or any

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At the end of January 1917 the German Government announced it would now conduct full unrestricted submarine warfare, deliberately breaking its prior promises. Once again, Woodrow Wilson was furious and on 6 April 1917 the United States Congress followed Wilson's request to declare war on Germany. US

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When Germany began its submarine campaign against Britain, Wilson had warned that the US would hold the German government strictly accountable for any violations of American rights. On 1 May, in response to Bernstorff's advert, he had stated that "no warning that an unlawful and inhumane act will be

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had been fitted with gun mounts as part of government loan requirements during her construction, enabling rapid conversion into an Armed Merchant Cruiser (AMC), and was listed officially as a "Royal Naval Reserve Merchant Cruiser", the guns themselves were never fitted. The great majority of British

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no merchant ships zig-zagged. Turner had argued that maintaining a steady course for 30 minutes was necessary to take a four-point bearing and precisely confirm the ship's position, but on this point he received less support, with other captains arguing a two-point bearing could have been taken

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In the end, Captain Turner, the Cunard Company, and the Royal Navy were absolved of any negligence, and all blame was placed on the German government. Lord Mersey found that Turner did deviate from Admiralty instructions which may have saved the ship, but such instructions were suggestions more than

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Although the Admiralty instructed ships to keep well offshore, it was also not clear how far this meant. The Admiralty claimed that Turner had only been 8 nautical miles (15 km) away, while his actual distance when hit was thirteen nautical miles (24 km). Both were still substantially more

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Though Schwieger states the torpedo hit behind the bridge, and thus in the vicinity of the first funnel, survivor testimony, including that of Captain Turner, gave a number of different locations: some stated it was between the first and second funnels, others between the third and fourth. Most were

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Torpedo hits starboard side right behind the bridge. An unusually heavy detonation takes place with a very strong explosive cloud. The explosion of the torpedo must have been followed by a second one ... The ship stops immediately and heels over to starboard very quickly, immersing simultaneously at

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and New York City. Captain Turner, known as "Bowler Bill" for his favourite shoreside headgear, tried to calm the passengers by explaining that the ship's speed made her safe from attack by submarine. Even at her reduced speed, the ship far exceeded the speed of an U-boat (16 knots on the surface, 9

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and emphasize the danger in doing so. This created what historian Arthur Link terms "an operational twilight zone" in which mistakes would be more easily made. There was no improvement in the number of ships sunk following this instruction, but 6 out of the 17 vessels sunk in April were neutral. The

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directed captains secretly to target passenger craft, as it was thought that this would deter other shipping. As Germany started the campaign with only 21 submarines, many of which were not operational, many did not take the threat seriously. The US government warned the Germans that they would face

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With apparent dangers evaporating, the ship's disguised paint scheme was also dropped and she was returned to civilian colours. Her name was picked out in gilt, her funnels were repainted in their usual Cunard livery, and her superstructure was painted white again. One alteration was the addition of

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Overall, these supplies represented around a third to a half (depending on what is counted) of the declared financial value of the cargo aboard the ship, but a relatively small volume of cargo on the ship. The passenger ship was also not an efficient cargo carrier, as much smaller dedicated vessels

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Most historians conclude that such a conspiracy is unlikely. The flow of Room 40 intelligence to merchant shipping, even if it could have been useful, had always been hampered by the overriding goal of protecting the secrecy of the source. Nevertheless, the ship had been repeatedly warned about the

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In 2007, marine forensic investigators considered that an explosion in the ship's steam-generating plant could be a plausible explanation for the second explosion. Though accounts from the few survivors who managed to escape from the forward two boiler rooms reported that the ship's boilers did not

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s sinking, and has been the subject of debate since the disaster, with the situation of the wreck (lying on top of the site of the torpedo hit) making obtaining definitive answers difficult. At the time, official inquiries attributed it to a second torpedo attack from the U-boat, as was recalled by

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In his communications with Germany, President Wilson adhered strictly to cruiser rules, claiming that only 'actual resistance' by the ship would in his view make the attack legitimate, and that if a ship cannot be attacked safely and legally, then she should simply not be attacked. In argument with

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in New York with her parents, three siblings, and two nurses – and due to her age had no first hand recollection of the disaster. She and her brother Stuart (age 5) were saved by their British nursemaid Alice Maud Lines, then 18 years old, who jumped off the boat deck and escaped in a lifeboat. Her

2769:

The last survivor was Audrey Warren Lawson-Johnston (née Pearl), who was born in New York City on 15 February 1915. She was the fourth of six children (the youngest two born after the disaster) born to Major Frederic "Frank" Warren Pearl (1869–1952) and Amy Lea (née Duncan; 1880–1964). She was only

2393:

The Government of the United States is contending for something much greater than mere rights of property or privileges of commerce. It is contending for nothing less high and sacred than the rights of humanity, which every Government honors itself in respecting and which no Government is justified

2005: 1885:

case was a damned, dirty business!" While a public report was presented to Parliament and reported on by the British press, Simpson suggests the existence of a fuller, secret report, which might exist amongst Lord Mersey's private papers after his death, but has since proved untraceable. Bailey and

1842:

to miss the submarine. However, Turner had been intent on bringing the ship far closer. Turner stated that he had discussed the matter of what course the ship should take with his two most senior officers, Captain Anderson and Chief Officer Piper, neither of whom survived. The three had agreed that

1125:

Surviving passengers on the port side of the deck, however, paint a calmer picture. Many, including author Charles Lauriat, who published his account of the disaster, stated that a few passengers climbed into the early portside lifeboats before being ordered out by Staff Captain James Anderson, who

1020:

At 14:12, Captain Turner had Quartermaster Johnston stationed at the ship's wheel to steer "hard-a-starboard" towards the Irish coast, which Johnston confirmed, but the ship could not be steadied and rapidly ceased to respond to the wheel. Turner signalled for the engines to be reversed to halt the

837:

was still 750 nautical miles (1,390 km) west of southern Ireland. However, Captain Turner was given two warning messages that evening. One at 7:52 pm repeated the information that submarines were active off the south coast of Ireland (in the mistaken belief that multiple submarines were in the

579:

intending to embark on the Atlantic voyage are reminded that a state of war exists between Germany and her allies and Great Britain and her allies; that the zone of war includes the waters adjacent to the British Isles; that, in accordance with formal notice given by the Imperial German Government,

491:

by radio, but did not have the codes used to communicate with merchant ships, and so communicated in the clear. As doing this would put his ship under substantial risk, Captain Dow refused to give his own position except in code. He gave his position significantly far away from his actual position,

281:

The contemporary investigations in both the United Kingdom and the United States into the precise causes of the ship's loss were obstructed by the needs of wartime secrecy and a propaganda campaign to ensure all blame fell upon Germany. At time of her sinking the primarily passenger-carrying vessel

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agreed, arguing that their experiments and evidence from the wreck showed that the torpedo itself caused the catastrophic sinking, with the second explosion having little impact. Historian J. Kent Layton reviewed 86 survivor accounts in 2016, and believed that these, together with the immediate 15

3235:

Debates between the German Admiralty and the German government over unrestricted submarine warfare had been ongoing since 1914, with senior naval figures proposing that it would swiftly and easily win the war. In November 1914 the British announced that due to German placement of mines, the entire

2213:

Goetz had put an incorrect date for the sinking on the medal, an error he later blamed on a mistake in a newspaper story about the sinking: instead of 7 May, he had put "5. Mai", two days before the actual sinking. Not realising his error, Goetz made copies of the medal and sold them in Munich and

1944:

The decision was rendered on 23 August 1918. Mayer's judgement was that "the cause of the sinking was the illegal act of the Imperial German Government", that two torpedoes had been involved, that the captain had acted properly and emergency procedures had been up to the standard then expected. He

1821:

s last arrival in New York, and started distribution on 13 May, after she sank, though Turner's response indicated that he had received some earlier specific instructions on 16 April. Turner expressed that his interpretation of the advice he did receive was to zig-zag once submarines were sighted,

1800:

noted: "I consider the Admiralty's case against Turner should be pressed by a skilful counsel and that Captain Webb should attend as a witness, if not employed as an assessor. We will pursue the captain without check". In the event, both Churchill and Fisher were replaced in their positions before

1093:

Two lifeboats on the port side cleared the ship as well. Lifeboat 14 (11 people on board) was lowered and launched safely, but because the boat plug was not in place, it filled with seawater and sank almost immediately after reaching the water. Later, Lifeboat 2 floated away from the ship with new

1089:

had 48 lifeboats, more than enough for all the crew and passengers, but only 6 were successfully lowered, all from the starboard side. Lifeboat 1 overturned as it was being lowered, spilling its original occupants into the sea, but it managed to right itself shortly afterwards and was later filled

1084:

Many lifeboats overturned while loading or lowering, spilling passengers into the sea and others were overturned by the ship's motion when they hit the water. It has been claimed that some boats, because of the negligence of some officers, crashed down onto the deck, crushing other passengers, and

738:

in the Admiralty, the activities of the decoding department were considered so secret that they were unknown even to the normal intelligence division which tracked enemy ships or to the trade division responsible for warning merchant vessels. Only the very highest officers in the Admiralty saw the

3697:

exercises in 1948, which used the wreck as a target at a time when it's historical value was not considered important. Layton notes that the wreck was sold for a mere £1000, and that despite the bombardment, the state of the wreck was such that expeditions in 1993 and 2011 could verify the intact

1931:

Captain Turner gave evidence in Britain and now gave a more spirited defence of his actions. He argued that up until the time of the sinking he had no reason to think that zig-zagging in a fast ship would help. Indeed, that he had since commanded another ship which was sunk while zig-zagging. His

946:

turned away, Schwieger feared he had lost his target, but she turned again, this time onto a near ideal course to bring her into position for an attack. At 14:10, with the target at 700 m range he ordered one gyroscopic torpedo to be fired, set to run at a depth of three metres. According to

742:

On 27 March, Room 40 had intercepted a message which clearly demonstrated that the Germans had broken the code used to pass messages to British merchant ships. Cruisers protecting merchant ships were warned not to use the code to give directions to shipping because it could just as easily attract

3705:

It is also suggested that there may have been some cover-up on the German end. This centers around the typewritten nature of Schwieger's logs, which implies a lost, handwritten version. One suggestion is that Schwieger's log was edited to "humanise" his account, the commander being otherwise not

3668:

Bailey and Ryan discuss this in detail, noting that it was common knowledge that "dozens of ships" left New York with similar or larger cargoes of small arms ammunition and other military supplies. Earlier that year, Turner captained another Cunard liner that transported 15 inch naval artillery,

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Only her actual resistance to capture or refusal to stop when ordered to do so for the purpose of visit could have afforded the commander of the submarine any justification for so much as putting the lives of those on board the ship in jeopardy. This principle the Government of the United States

2346:

Despite being sympathetic to Bryan's antiwar feelings, Wilson found Lansing's arguments "unanswerable". Thus he resolved to insist that the German government must apologise for the sinking, compensate US victims, and promise to avoid any similar occurrence in the future. Wilson made his position

1767:

Statements were collected from all the crew. These were all written out for presentation to the inquiry on standard forms in identical handwriting with similar phrasing. Quartermaster Johnston later described that pressure had been placed upon him to be loyal to the company, and that it had been

3578:

was faster and less vulnerable than those that were available. There would be very little guarantee of a successful attack even with perfect information, as the slow speed of a submerged submarine would require the ship to pass within a few hundred yards of the attacker and torpedo attacks were

2415:

In the third note, of 21 July, in reply to a more conciliatory German note on 12 July, Wilson (advised by Lansing) made clear that the US considered British transgressions of neutral rights to be more minor in degree, and issued an ultimatum to the effect that the US would regard any subsequent

2389:

The fact that more than one hundred American citizens were among those who perished made it the duty of the Government of the United States to speak of these things and once more, with solemn emphasis, to call the attention of the Imperial German Government to the grave responsibility which the

2299:

carried also 1,250 cases of empty shells, and 18 cases of non-explosive fuses, all of which were listed in her manifest. However, US law revolved around the safety cargo posed to passengers and not Germany's strategic needs. Thus Winter's statement was in the context of US testing of small arms

1940:

Many witnesses testified that portholes across the ship had been open at the time of the sinking, and an expert witness confirmed that such a porthole three feet under water would let in four tons of water per minute. Testimony varied on how many torpedoes there had been, and whether the strike

323:

consumed enormous quantities of coal (910 tons/day, or 37.6 tons/hour) and became a serious drain on the Admiralty's fuel reserves, so express liners were deemed inappropriate for the role when smaller cruisers would do. They were also very distinctive; so smaller liners were used as transports

5262:

Justification of the sinking of the liner Lusitania by German submarines as a man of war was advanced today by Dr. Bernhard Dernburg, former German Colonial Secretary and regarded as the Kaiser's official mouthpiece in the United States. Dr. Dernburg gave out a statement at the Hollenden Hotel

2385:

Whatever be the other facts regarding the Lusitania, the principle fact is that a great steamer, primarily and chiefly a conveyance for passengers, and carrying more than a thousand souls who had no part or lot in the conduct of the war, was torpedoed and sunk without so much as a challenge or

1922:

had been armed or carrying troops or ammunition. Thirty-three witnesses who could not travel to the US gave statements in England to Commissioner R. V. Wynne. Evidence produced in open court for the Mersey investigation was considered, but evidence from the British closed sessions was not. The

1259:

had been lost, including 94 children and ~128 Americans (though the official toll at the time gave slightly different numbers). In the days following the disaster, the Cunard line offered local fishermen and sea merchants a cash reward for the bodies floating all throughout the Irish Sea, some

3673:, while raised by early German propaganda, would not have affected the Germans' intention to target her, or the arguments both in favour and against the legitimacy of her sinking. It was in fact initially concocted as a measure by German Admiral von Tirpitz to "incite public opinion at home". 1813:

However, Turner could have also accomplished his desired arrival time at high speed by zig-zagging, albeit at a higher cost in fuel. Naval instructions about zig-zagging were read to the captain, who confirmed that he had received them, though later added that they did not appear to be as he

1857:

At one point in the proceedings, Smith attempted to press a point he was making, by quoting from a signal sent to British ships. Lord Mersey queried which message this was, and it transpired that the message in question existed in the version of evidence given to Smith by the Board of Trade

613: 3701:

Another debated topic is the degree of blame that can be placed on Captain Turner. This was the centre of the wartime inquiries, which raised the issue of whether he had disobeyed Admiralty instructions. While he was exonerated at the time, modern historians disagree as to whether this was

1787:

was especially warned that submarines were active on south coast and to keep mid-channel course avoiding headlands also position of submarine off Cape Clear at 10:00 was communicated by W/T to her". Captain Webb, Director of the Trade Division, began to prepare a dossier of signals sent to

969:, thinking the bubbles came from two projectiles, not one. Schwieger's log entries attest that he launched only one torpedo. Some doubt the validity of this claim, contending that the German government subsequently altered the published fair copy of Schwieger's log, but accounts from other 1239:

s stern rose out of the water, enough for her propellers to be seen, and went under. As the tips of Lusitania's four, 70-foot-tall funnels dipped beneath the surface, they formed whirlpools which dragged nearby swimmers down with the ship. Her masts and rigging were the last to disappear.

3693:". Similar observations were made by other explorers, such as the 1993 Ballard expedition. Conspiracy theorists have suggested this was part of a plot to destroy evidence of British deception, such as the presence of undeclared explosives. Instead, historians suggest this was due to NATO 1961: 3393:, Schwieger even commenting in his war diary that firing a second torpedo was impossible due to the crowd of frenzied passengers who dived into the ocean in panic. It is possible that a second torpedo, or even a second submarine was present and was covered up, though this is unlikely. 2064:. Described by the New York Times as "the Kaiser's official mouthpiece", Dernburg was in fact acting as a private citizen with no official role in the German Foreign office, but had organised a New York "Press Bureau" to spread German propaganda since 1914. Dernburg said that because 2190:(1875–1950). The latter privately struck a small run of medals as a limited-circulation satirical attack (fewer than 500 were struck) on the Cunard Line for trying to continue business as usual during wartime. Goetz blamed both the British government and the Cunard Line for allowing 3586:

There was also little advantage to the US joining the war at this time, nor was American reaction certain – German submarine captains had, after all, been given deliberate orders to target passenger vessels believing this would produce a useful deterrent effect on shipping, and the

2281:

had been inspected before her departure and no guns were found, mounted or unmounted. Malone stated that no merchant ship would have been allowed to arm itself in the Port and leave the harbour. Assistant Manager of the Cunard Line, Herman Winter, denied the charge that she carried

1231:

at the moment of the sinking. This was accurate enough to locate the wreck after the war. The ship travelled about two nautical miles (4 km) from the time of the torpedoing to her final resting place, leaving a trail of debris and people behind. After her bow sank completely,

1795:

noted on one document submitted by Webb for review: "As the Cunard company would not have employed an incompetent man its a certainty that Captain Turner is not a fool but a knave. I hope that Turner will be arrested immediately after the enquiry whatever the verdict". First Lord

902:

returning to Queenstown, zig-zagging at her fastest sustainable speed of 16 knots having received warning of submarine activity off Queenstown at 07:45. The Admiralty considered these old cruisers highly vulnerable to submarines, and indeed Schwieger attempted to target the ship.

2411:

Bryan considered the second note too provocative and refused to sign, and so resigned as Secretary of State. He was replaced by Lansing. Lansing later said in his memoirs that due to the tragedy he always had the "conviction that we would ultimately become the ally of Britain".

1810:

more than 15 knots. Although he might have achieved 21 knots and had given orders to raise steam ready to do so, he was also under orders to time his arrival at Liverpool for high tide so that the ship would not have to wait to enter port. Thus, he chose to travel more slowly.

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was characterised by confusion. At sea en route to Liverpool at the time of the announcement, Captain Daniel Dow flew the US flag to dissuade attack, at the urging of his American passengers. This led to a storm of controversy from the American authorities and Germany.

2300:

ammunition that found them to be "non-explosive in bulk", leading to a 1911 ruling that such ammunition can be transported without restriction on passenger ships, unlike explosives "likely to endanger the health or lives of the passengers or the safety of the vessel."

2380:

In the second note, in a reply to the German response, Wilson flatly rejected the German defenses. The vessel was not armed, the cargo was legal under American law, and all these questions were immaterial as to the core issue – the means of the ship's destruction.

797:, narrowly missing by a few feet. At 22:30 on 5 May, the Royal Navy sent an uncoded warning to all ships – "Submarines active off the south coast of Ireland" – and at midnight an addition was made to the regular nightly warnings, "submarine off Fastnet". On 6 May 3524:, the President of the Board of Trade, on 12 February shortly after the German announcement, focusing on a line where he states it's "most important to attract neutral shipping to our shores, in the hope especially of embroiling the United States with Germany." 832:

The specific mention of a submarine was dropped from the midnight broadcast on 6–7 May as news of the new sinkings had not yet reached the navy at Queenstown, and it was correctly assumed that there was no longer a submarine at Fastnet. On the morning of 6 May,

842:

was now 370 miles west of Fastnet. Turner would subsequently be accused of disregarding these instructions. That evening a Seamen's Charities fund concert took place throughout the ship and the captain was obliged to attend the event in the first-class lounge.

2398:

understands the explicit instructions issued on August 3, 1914, by the Imperial German Admiralty to its commanders at sea to have recognized and embodied, as do the naval codes of all other nations, and upon it every traveler and seaman had a right to depend.

2708:

was premeditated, rather than just being incident to Germany's larger plan to sink any ship in a combat zone without warning. The head of the Lusitania Souvenir Medal Committee later estimated that 250,000 were sold, proceeds being given to the Red Cross and

2416:

sinkings as "deliberately unfriendly". The note however indicated that Wilson would accept submarine warfare if it followed the "accepted practice of regulated warfare", observing that much of German submarine attacks had been conducted under the established

2488:. Tirpitz, who saw the Americans as no threat, had pushed for the official German line on the munitions issue, focusing on inciting German public opinion at the expense of the relationship with the US. The Chancellor enlisted the help of Army Chief of Staff 594:

sailed, appearing in some cases adjacent to an advertisement for the return voyage. The juxtaposition was a coincidence, but the warning led to some agitation in the press, annoyance from the American government, and worried the ship's passengers and crew.

3454:

would have been too damp to have been stirred into the air by the torpedo impact in explosive concentrations, or that the coal bunker where the torpedo struck would have been flooded almost immediately by seawater flowing through the damaged hull plates.

1804:

Part of the proceedings turned on the question of proper evasive tactics against submarines. It was put to Captain Turner that he had failed to comply with Admiralty instructions to travel at high speed, maintain a zig-zag course and keep away from shore.

2700:, in charge of Propaganda at the Foreign Office in 1916. The replica medals were produced in an attractive case and were sold for a shilling apiece. On the cases it was stated that the medals had been distributed in Germany "to commemorate the sinking of 345:

and other great liners ran high. During the ship's first eastbound crossing after the war started, she was painted in a drab grey colour scheme in an attempt to mask her identity and make her more difficult to detect visually. When it turned out that the

414:(submarines). At first, the Germans used them only to attack naval vessels, and they achieved only occasional—but sometimes spectacular—successes. U-boats then began to attack merchant vessels at times, although almost always in accordance with the old 3094:, for string orchestra, to commemorate the loss of the ship. It premiered by the New Queen's Hall Orchestra, conducted by Bridge, on 15 September, at the 1915 Proms, as part of a programme of "Popular Italian music", the rest of which was conducted by 2519:

in six weeks, Bethmann Hollweg petitioned the Kaiser to publicly forbid attacks without warning against all passenger ships. He said the Germans should work with the Americans, pledging to limit submarines to cruiser rules if the British adopt the

2089:"was naturally armed with guns, as were recently most of the English mercantile steamers" and that "as is well known here, she had large quantities of war material in her cargo". This would be the official German line for the immediate aftermath. 7159: 2033: 528:, the former (29 April) an air attack that caused no loss of life, and the latter (1 May) a submarine attack on a tanker where three died. President Wilson had not made a formal response to any of these incidents before events overtook him. 1043:

About one minute after the electrical power failed, Captain Turner gave the order to abandon ship. Water had flooded the ship's starboard longitudinal compartments, causing a 15-degree list to starboard. Within six minutes of the attack,

2531:

to endorse the Chancellor's solution. Bachmann was forced to resign, Tirpitz lost direct access to the Kaiser, and the end of unrestricted submarine warfare against passenger ships was made public to the Americans on 1 September.

3573:

s previous sinkings. Indeed, Turner claimed later in life that he felt overwhelmed by the number of warnings he got, imagining that there were perhaps six submarines waiting for him. Escorts were also limited in availability and

1757:

inquiry, was retained to represent Cunard. A total of 36 witnesses were called, Lord Mersey querying why more of the survivors would not be giving evidence. Most of the sessions were public but two on 15 and 18 June were held

12715: 6526: 4008: 1927:

was invoked so that British witnesses could not give evidence on any subject it covered. Statements had been collected in Queenstown after the sinking by the American Consul, Wesley Frost, but these were not produced.

580:

vessels flying the flag of Great Britain, or any of her allies, are liable to destruction in those waters and that travellers sailing in the war zone on the ships of Great Britain or her allies do so at their own risk.

270:’s area. In the end, there were only 763 survivors (39%) out of the 1,960 passengers, crew and stowaways aboard, and ~128 of the dead were American citizens. The sinking turned public opinion in many countries against 3657:, a company that also manufactured explosives, though such furs were reported to have washed ashore in Ireland. Other authors have suggested that the shells were in fact live, which would mean that around 5 tonnes of 1858:

Solicitor, Sir Ellis Cunliffe, but not in versions given to others. Cunliffe explained the discrepancy by saying that different versions of the papers had been prepared for use, depending whether the enquiry had been

947:

Schwieger, he did not know the identity of the ship before he attacked, only that it was a large passenger ship. In his career, he launched several attacks without identifying his target, including a later attack on

3737:

side at an approximately 30-degree angle in 305 feet (93 metres) of sea water. She is severely collapsed onto her starboard side as a result of the force with which she slammed into the sea floor, and over decades,

2243:

calling it "a deed for which a Hun would blush, a Turk be ashamed, and a Barbary pirate apologize". Dernburg's comments heightened public indignation, leading to German ambassador Bernstorff to advise him to leave.

3355:

crisis, Admiral Bachmann argued that they did not want Britain to adhere to the Declaration of London, as it was more important to be able to continue the submarine attacks and British actions helped justify that.

612: 1094:

occupants (its previous ones having been spilled into the sea when they upset the boat) after they removed a rope and one of the ship's "tentacle-like" funnel stays. They rowed away shortly before the ship sank.

500:

grey to help make her less visible to enemy submarines. There was no hope of disguising her actual identity, since her profile was so well known, and no attempt was made to paint out the ship's name at the prow.

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coast. Only 289 bodies were recovered, 65 of which were never identified. The bodies of many of the victims were buried at either Queenstown, where 148 bodies were interred in the Old Church Cemetery, or the

654:

Departure out of New York on the return voyage to Liverpool was at noon on 1 May, two hours behind schedule, because of a last-minute transfer of forty-one passengers and crew from the recently requisitioned

3034:

The historical fiction alternates between a group of people on board, including Alfred Vanderbilt and Charles Frohman, and in a secret room in Whitehall in London, where coded messages are being intercepted.

531:

Captain Dow, apparently suffering from stress from operating his ship in the war zone, left the ship; Cunard later explained that he was "tired and really ill." He was replaced with a new commander, Captain

13663: 1298:

s electrician at the time of the torpedoing, not the quartermaster. Despite seemingly putting an end to this rumor, Voegele's alleged hesitation was depicted in the torpedoing scene of the 2007 docudrama

1112:(the torpedo missed). Subsequently, the submarine traveled North up the West coast of Ireland, and proceeded to Wilhelmshaven. Schwieger would eventually be killed on 5 September 1917, when his submarine 942:

the submarine submerged to periscope depth of 11 metres and set a course to intercept the liner at her maximum submerged speed of 9 knots. When the ships had closed to 2 nautical miles (3.7 km)

3869:

The official figures give 1195 lost out of 1959, excluding three stowaways who also were lost. The figures here eliminate some repetitions from the list and people subsequently known not to be on board.

7150: 282:

had in her hold around 173 tons of war supplies, comprising 4.2 million rounds of rifle ammunition, almost 5,000 shrapnel-filled artillery shell casings and 3,240 brass percussion fuses. Debates on the

3661:

was on board, a notion that contradicts the fact that the declared weight of the shells corresponds to ones empty of explosive fill. No evidence of additional secret explosives has so far been found.

2729:

created a counterblast to the Goetz medal. The Baudichon medal is in bronze, 54 millimetres (2.1 in) diameter and weighs 79.51 grams (2.805 oz). The obverse shows Liberty as depicted on the

511:

on the surface. Eyewitnesses reported the submarine gave the ship only around 10 minutes to evacuate before torpedoing the vessel, resulting in the first American dead of the war. On 1 April, Admiral

3516:

was deliberately placed in danger by the British authorities, so as to entice a U-boat attack and thereby drag the US into the war on the side of Britain. Simpson and later authors point to a letter

1280:

gave the order to fire, his quartermaster, Charles Voegele, would not take part in an attack on women and children, and refused to pass on the order to the torpedo room – a decision for which he was

1136: 3607:

ammunition of the type acknowledged to be on the ship. Britain domestically produced the vast majority of its WWI ammunition though imports to supplement supplies were being considered at this time.

1174: 3300:

notes though that even by 1916, the majority of sinkings were still conducted with warning by U-boat deck guns, for they were far more effective than limited and inaccurate torpedoes. Days before,

13686: 1130:’s portside ballast tanks with seawater to even the ship's trim so the lifeboats could be lowered safely. As a result, few boats on the port side were launched, none under Anderson's supervision. 12720: 2817: 3615:

Eoin McGarry. Additional declared material could be used for military purposes. The cargo included 50 barrels and 94 cases of aluminium (making 46 tons), an unknown quantity of which was in the

2229:

article expressed the immediate recognition of the serious implications of the sinking, this lead story on 8 May having a section (below what is pictured here) titled "Nation's Course in Doubt".

1985: 888:

proceeding west when sighted at 10:00 am". This report was inaccurate as no submarine had been at that location, but gave the impression that at least one submarine had been safely passed.

13676: 3423:

reported striking behind, No. 5 boat witnesses reported seeing destroyed, coal bunker, and the boiler rooms. The boiler rooms also have smaller coal bunkers running along the side of the ship.

1021:

ship, but although the signal was received in the engine room, nothing could be done. Steam pressure had collapsed from 195 psi before the explosion, to 50 psi and falling afterwards, meaning

3248:, commander of the German High Seas Fleet and outgoing Chief of the Admiralty, acted outside of the normal protocols and declared an abandonment of cruiser rules, publishing a warning in the 2017: 7436: 3316:

was a much larger and faster ship, with a better chance of evading or ramming, though commercial vessels only successfully sunk a submarine through ramming once during the war (in 1918 the

2677:

on German atrocities. One over-enthusiastic propagandist's fabricated story was circulated that in some regions of Germany, schoolchildren were given a holiday to celebrate the sinking of

2591: 2569: 2899: 2457:

himself had privately concluded that the campaign was of questionable legality and against Germany's best interests. Contrary to Germany's official defenses, Bernstorff believed that the

1878:

orders. Thus, the captain had "exercised his judgment for the best" and that the blame for the disaster "must rest solely with those who plotted and with those who committed the crime".

13076: 838:

area). The other, sent out at noon but only received at 8:05 pm gave instructions: "... Avoid headlands; pass harbours at full speed; steer mid-channel course. Submarines off Fastnet."

1862:

or not, but the message quoted appeared never to have existed. Lord Mersey observed that it was his job to get at the truth, and thereafter became more critical of Admiralty evidence.

2635:, the British copies were of diecast iron and were of poorer quality. The English version was altered to read 'May' rather than 'Mai', and originals usually have "KGoetz" on the edge. 1907: 5274:

The Germans fabricated a non-existent Parliamentary declaration that "practically all British merchant vessels armed and provided with hand grenades" Bailey & Ryan, 1975. p. 244

1729:

on 17 July. Lord Mersey had a background in commercial rather than maritime law but had presided over a number of important maritime investigations, including that into the loss of

8343:

Peifer, Douglas. (2015) "The Sinking of the Lusitania, Wilson's Response, and Paths Not Taken: Historical Revisionism, the Nye Committee, and the Ghost of William Jennings Bryan."

3380:

report that a second explosion took place either immediately or a few seconds afterwards, some suggesting it felt more severe. This explosion has been used to explain the speed of

2259:

The phrase "too proud to fight" then became mocked by pro-war and pro-Entente groups, as well as factions in Germany who believed there was no real threat of America going to war.

13271: 11823: 10213: 2214:

also to some numismatic dealers with whom he conducted business. This led to conspiracy theories. Realising his mistake, Goetz issued a corrected medal with the date of "7. Mai".

6534: 11889: 10228: 1126:

proclaimed, "This ship will not sink" and reassured those nearby that the liner had "touched bottom" and would stay afloat. In reality, he had ordered the crew to wait and fill

965:, Leslie Morton, an eighteen-year-old lookout at the bow, had spotted thin lines of foam racing toward the ship. He shouted, "Torpedoes coming on the starboard side!" through a 3689:-based technical diver, Des Quigley, who dived on the wreck in the 1990s, reported that the wreck is "like Swiss cheese" and the seabed around her "is littered with unexploded 10412: 2527:), who had no interest in the Declaration if it would prevent them from using submarines fully. On 27 August, Falkenhayn and anxious messages from Bernstorff persuaded Kaiser 1223:

exploded and the ship returned briefly to an even keel. Turner's last navigational fix had been only two minutes before the torpedoing, and he was able to remember the ship's

3649:(gun cotton). Another theory suggests 90 tons of butter and lard (un-refrigerated due to a lack of space and allegedly destined to a "Royal Navy Weapons Testing Facility" in 2555:

in March 1918, which at first went well for the Germans with the Allies barely holding the lines, was reversed with the arrival by April 1918 of two million American troops.

1154: 426:. On 4 February 1915, he declared the seas around the British Isles a war zone: from 18 February, Allied ships in the area could be sunk without warning. This was not wholly 2255:

There is such a thing as a man being too proud to fight. There is such a thing as a nation being so right that it does not need to convince others by force that it is right.

13634: 12316: 3785:

with the ropes still intact, pieces of the ruined promenade deck, some portholes, the prow and the remaining propeller. Recent expeditions to the wreck have revealed that

2377:

that the American protest was only for the benefit of US public opinion and its sharp tone should be disregarded. As a result, a defensive German response came on 28 May.

371:

costs; this reduced her maximum speed from over 25 to 21 knots (46 to 39 km/h). Even so, she was the fastest first-class passenger liner left in commercial service.

1772:, representing the seamen's union, attempted to introduce evidence about which watertight compartments had been involved but was prevented from doing so by Lord Mersey. 2118: 12311: 2713:. Many popular magazines and newspapers ran photographs of the replica or the original, and it was falsely claimed that it had been awarded to the crew of the U-boat. 11651: 590:

The notice was intended to appear on the Saturdays of 24 April, 1 May, and 8 May, but due to technical difficulties did not appear until 30 April, the day before the

13623: 10310: 7894:

In particular, in reference to the German contention that otherwise, the ship could have been sunk without endangering the passengers. Bailey & Ryan 1975, p. 253

6495: 2180: 1073:, and as the lifeboats were lowered they dragged on the inch-high rivets, which threatened to seriously damage or capsize the boats before they landed in the water. 418:. Desperate to gain an advantage on the Atlantic and define a role for the Navy, and heavily overestimating the effectiveness of the new weapon, the Admiralty under 2745:

correctly depicted sinking bow first. In the foreground there is a capsized lifeboat. The upper field shows a child drowning, head, hands and feet above the water;

12194: 12120: 11805: 11165: 9947: 9771: 9111: 7777:

Government papers released in 2014, and recent dives on the wreck, have confirmed that the Germans were right all along: the ship was indeed carrying war material.

4203:

Germany's second submarine campaign against the Allies during the First World War was unrestricted in scope, as was submarine warfare during the Second World War.

3531:

at risk in the hope that even an abortive attack on her would bring the United States into the war. Such a conspiracy could not have been put into effect without

2390:

Government of the United States conceives that it has incurred in this tragic occurrence, and to the indisputable principle upon which that responsibility rests.

92: 14360: 10389: 1251:

had been rescued and landed at Queenstown, though 4 died shortly after. The final death toll for the disaster came to a catastrophic number. Of the 1,960 aboard

3527:

Beesly concludes: "unless and until fresh information comes to light, I am reluctantly driven to the conclusion that there was a conspiracy deliberately to put

12705: 10417: 8924: 450:

was scheduled to arrive in Liverpool on 6 March 1915. The Admiralty issued her specific instructions on how to avoid submarines. Despite a severe shortage of

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of the general danger of voyaging into the area in a British ship, but the attack itself came without warning. From a submerged position 700m to starboard,

10712: 2704:" and they came with a propaganda leaflet which denounced the Germans and used the medal's incorrect date (5 May) to incorrectly claim that the sinking of 2011:

Original Goetz propaganda medal. Lusitania is shown with exaggerated armaments, including aircraft and cannon on board. The wrong date of "5 Mai" is given.

880:

At about 11:52 on 7 May, the ship received another warning from the Admiralty, probably as a result of a request by Alfred Booth, who was concerned about

12058: 11811: 10620: 10375: 3217: 3112:. In the piece, Ives recalls his experience of waiting for a train in New York City as news reports of the sinking come through. The waiting crowd sing " 2606: 11853: 4009:"The Lusitania Disaster | Articles & Essays | Newspaper Pictorials: World War I Rotogravures, 1914–1919 | Digital Collections | Library of Congress" 3427:

In the 1960s, American diver John Light dived repeatedly to the site of the shipwreck in efforts to prove the existence of contraband explosives aboard

13508: 12323: 11907: 11195: 11100: 10615: 10305: 10256: 10171: 1219:

s bow slammed into the bottom about 100 metres (330 ft) below at a shallow angle because of her forward momentum as she sank. Along the way, some

12171: 12168: 12164: 11781: 11757: 10459: 3521: 7764: 13534: 12281: 12254: 11190: 954:

where he broke orders prohibiting attacking passenger vessels. Schwieger also misjudged the ship's speed to be 20 knots, but unfortunately for the

308:

was built, her construction and operating expenses were subsidized by the British government, with the provision that she could be converted to an

13342: 6389: 3583:. Any secrecy could also be explained in terms of avoiding embarrassment at ineffectual and disorganised British anti-submarine warfare measures. 2775:

parents also survived, but her sisters Amy (age 3) and Susan (age 14 months) died. Pearl married Hugh de Beauchamp Lawson-Johnston, second son of

12882: 11883: 11060: 10847: 10300: 9658: 7790: 3262:

Despite wrangling in the German government to limit the scope of the navy's proposed strategy, privately, directives went further, with Admiral

1838:

distant than the 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) distant course ships would have taken during peacetime, which ironically also would have caused

870:

reached a point 120 nautical miles (220 km) west-southwest of Fastnet Rock (off the southern tip of Ireland), where she met the patrolling

13681: 11943: 11859: 11745: 3802: 2453:

While outwardly Germany conducted a propaganda skirmish, internally there had long been a faction opposed to the new submarine war. Ambassador

2420:

anyway. Thus, while the American public and leadership were not ready for war, a line in the sand had been drawn as a result of the sinking of

2194:

to sail despite the German embassy's warnings. Popular demand led to many unauthorised copies being made. One side of the popular medal showed

185: 9089: 4855: 3543:. Some authors also claim that the records that are available are often missing critical pages, and assert a number of other disputed claims: 13997: 13549: 13482: 12583: 12269: 11228: 11035: 9151: 2911: 1689:

John Hogan opened an inquest in Kinsale into the deaths of two males and three females whose bodies had been brought ashore by a local boat,

1430: 164: 3131:

on 29 May 1915 as "One of the most interesting of the songs that have made their appearance in the commemoration of the Lusitania disaster."

13493: 12933: 12602: 11090: 10360: 10290: 9929: 9141: 9052: 12730: 11769: 5520: 2733:

but holding a raised sword and rising from a stormy sea. Behind her the sun is breaking through clouds and six ships are steaming. Signed

14305: 13529: 12125: 12115: 10384: 9275: 8729: 7683: 7599: 4944: 2328:

an explicit warning against US citizens travelling on any belligerent ships, and ban contraband from being carried on passenger vessels.

813:, because although she kept a straight course the liner was too fast, but then sank another 6,000-ton British cargo ship flying no flag, 478: 12260: 11913: 5489:"A NEW THEORY OF THE LUSITANIA SINKING.; The Evidence of the German Medal Dated May 5 and the Report of the Explosive "Cigars" on Board" 12810: 12598: 10902: 8952: 2075:

s manifest and said that "vessels of that kind" could be seized and destroyed under the Hague rules without any respect to a war zone.

1945:

ruled that further claims for compensation should be addressed to the German government (which eventually paid $ 2.5 million in 1925).

11739: 3275:

other suggested reason, is the best legal justification for the Germans' actions, though Berlin never made an "emphatic" point of it.

1005:, viewed the destruction through the vessel's periscope and would recall only that the explosion of the torpedo was unusually severe. 14330: 14157: 13498: 13263: 12299: 12189: 11919: 11627: 9282: 6675: 2918:

as well as a real-time sinking simulation, with an emphasis on historical accuracy, working directly with historians and researchers.

958:, this offset another error he had made in the angle of attack. The torpedo was now on course to strike the ship in around a minute. 6206: 11733: 11537: 8934: 4363: 2977:

A lifeboat davit and some other artefacts are displayed at the Lusitania Museum & Old Head Signal Tower on Old Head of Kinsale.

10610: 7875: 7501:"Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, The Lansing Papers, 1914–1920, Volume I – Office of the Historian" 6581: 3231:

Germany's declared "war zone". From 18 February 1915, all Allied ships within would be liable to attack, possibly without warning.

12573: 10542: 10380: 10367: 10324: 10233: 9959: 9761: 9668: 9570: 9328: 8975: 5249:"Sinking Justified, Says Dr. Dernburg; Lusitania a "War Vessel", Known to be Carrying Contraband, Hence Search Was Not Necessary" 2858: 2853:(1918). At 12 minutes, it was the longest animated film on record at the time. It was also the earliest-known dramatic animation. 2137:

means an extraordinary success. Its destruction demolished the last fable with which the people of England consoled themselves."

1746: 1301: 12341: 8539: 14340: 14108: 12960: 12416: 11989: 11799: 10734: 10724: 10592: 4586: 4190: 3278: 2776: 1738: 11949: 8555: 1906:

In the United States, 67 claims for compensation were lodged against Cunard, which were all heard together in 1918 before the

487:

by telephoning Cunard, who refused to give out any information and referred him to the Admiralty. At sea, the ships contacted

14320: 13746: 13618: 13610: 13246: 12667: 12634: 12329: 12293: 12019: 11639: 11070: 11009: 10506: 10440: 10277: 10156: 9829: 8848: 8704: 8512: 8498: 8433: 8414: 8386: 8327: 8292: 8264: 8245: 8223: 8202: 8072: 7677: 7632: 7446: 7350: 6954: 6917: 6733: 6640: 6439: 6315: 6299: 6153: 6128: 6103: 6070: 6013: 5992: 5944: 5779: 5727: 5650: 5560: 5166: 4929: 4896: 4817: 4545: 4470: 4170: 4123: 3982: 2870: 2340: 12230: 8274: 7395: 7356: 2401:

It is upon this principle of humanity as well as upon the law founded upon this principle that the United States must stand.

766:

to Scotland was delayed until 4 May and she was given orders to stay 100 nautical miles (190 km) from the Irish coast.

13554: 13539: 13324: 12762: 12287: 11835: 11120: 10681: 10101: 8886: 6470: 4186: 2960:

sinking. In 1982 one of the ship's four-bladed propellers was raised from the wreck; it is now on permanent display at the

2277:

Thus, Dudley Field Malone, Collector of the Port of New York, issued an official denial to the German charges, saying that

383:

The British established a naval blockade of Germany on the outbreak of war in August 1914, issuing a comprehensive list of

11751: 6503: 14335: 14300: 13519: 12904: 12871: 12541: 11847: 10877: 10840: 10452: 9776: 9404: 8909: 5600: 2078:

The following day the German government issued an official communication regarding the sinking in which it said that the

1850: 1750: 1648: 747:) was not given this warning and continued to give directions in the compromised code, which was not changed until after 319:

The Admiralty then cancelled their earlier decision and decided not to use her as an AMC after all; large liners such as

225: 10666: 13811: 13629: 13544: 12695: 12639: 12046: 11787: 10651: 9941: 9343: 9101: 5461: 4993:

In: Marine-Nachrichtenblatt. Das Veröffentlichungsblatt des Arbeitskreises Krieg zur See 1914–18. 3/2012 № 8 pp. 55–60.

3509: 3213: 2107: 818: 224:

against the ships of the United Kingdom had been announced by Germany following the Allied powers' implementation of a

12411: 12248: 680: 354:, and their commerce threat almost entirely evaporated, it very soon seemed that the Atlantic was safe for ships like 262:

liner. After the torpedo struck, a second explosion occurred inside the ship, which then sank in only 18 minutes. The

14295: 14205: 13990: 13639: 13153: 12594: 12457: 11901: 11775: 11221: 11155: 10526: 10220: 10036: 9308: 8779: 8367: 8147: 4978: 3500:. Churchill is commonly pointed to as the main culprit, with others in the Admiralty perhaps assisting in a cover up. 1779: 1644: 1399: 2386:

warning, and that men, women and children were sent to their death in circumstances unparalleled in modern warfare.

278:

two years later; images of the stricken liner were used heavily in US propaganda and military recruiting campaigns.

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and thus loosen the blockade. There was once again disagreement over this move from the navy's admirals (headed by

2335:

advised Wilson to adhere to the "strict accountability" line. He first doubted that information about the cargo of

1814:

recollected. This was unsurprising, since the general regulations quoted had been approved only on 25 April, after

1714: 40: 13370: 7259: 5435: 3750:

has an "unusual curvature", in a boomerang shape, which may be related to a lack of strength from the loss of her

14325: 14271: 14267: 13847: 13768: 13470: 13118: 12865: 12837: 12462: 12440: 12347: 11645: 11014: 10777: 10582: 10562: 10349: 10285: 10108: 9977: 8881: 8801: 8739: 4757: 2992: 754:

s sinking. At this time, the Royal Navy was significantly involved with operations leading up to the landings at

431: 275: 13198: 9442: 5987:; The Lusitania Disaster and Its Influence on the Course of World War I pp. 200–201, Casemate Publications (US) 1427:

Kathleen Kaye, 16. Returning alone to England from New York. Assumed charge of a lifeboat following the sinking.

973:

crew members corroborate it. The entries were also consistent with intercepted radio reports sent to Germany by

14365: 14012: 13737: 13465: 12662: 12558: 11589: 11312: 10979: 10974: 10833: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10557: 10251: 8896: 8871: 8769: 8651: 7151:"British 'Not to Blame' for Rapid Sinking and Loss of Life on Liner RMS Lusitania, Find Underwater Researchers" 6287: 2454: 825:

in the early afternoon of the 6th would be the last reported position of the submarine until the attack on the

564: 427: 221: 7475:

Indeed, US officials discussed the "disturbing possibilities" of Germany provoking war for its own advantage.

6121:

Falsehood in War Time: Containing an Assortment of Lies Circulated Throughout the Nations During the Great War

3293:. Usage of such guns accounted for the majority of early sinkings and were considered more acceptable legally. 2323:

During the weeks after the sinking, the issue was hotly debated within the administration. Secretary of State

2222: 13651: 13564: 13425: 13415: 13334: 11388: 11135: 11115: 10994: 10552: 10547: 10511: 10445: 10337: 10183: 9766: 9618: 9156: 9084: 9015: 8784: 8754: 8749: 6979: 3497: 3469: 3266:

directing submarine captains to attack passenger vessels, so as to obtain a shock effect and deter shipping.

2697: 2481: 2039:

An unsympathetic later medal, also by Gies. Shows ship as a monster packed with weapons, mouth full of coins.

1924: 1792: 6248: 5263:

following his arrival in Cleveland to address the City Club at noon on Germany's attitude in the present war

3419:

Side plan view of Lusitania. Locations relevant to sinking are highlighted, specifically cargo hold, bridge

2339:

had actually been communicated to the submarine making the attack. But to Lansing, who had helped found the

1547:, 58. American theatre impresario and one of four American "men of world wide prominence" named in the film 14345: 14315: 13983: 13791: 13751: 13559: 13036: 13003: 12998: 12877: 12755: 12445: 12013: 11763: 11342: 11214: 11095: 10999: 10969: 10943: 10938: 10882: 10501: 10128: 10068: 9965: 9870: 9633: 9123: 8962: 8861: 8672: 3227: 2961: 2849: 2831: 2788: 1613: 316:

considered her for requisition as an armed merchant cruiser, and she was put on the official list of AMCs.

85: 20: 8571: 3146:

Herbert Stuart (otherwise known as Albert Wiederhold) and with orchestra accompaniment, as an 80 rpm disc.

3127:

and F. Henri Klickmann was published by C. K. Root & Co. of Chicago and New York. It was described by

2535:

As the German government was pondering other orders, on 18 September the new head of the Admiralty Staff,

2152:

was universally approved, and even men like Von Gwinner, head of the German Bank, say they will treat the

2123: 2116:. However much of the rest of the press approved of the sinking. One Catholic Centre Party newspaper, the 1065:

port side, lowering them presented a different problem. As was typical for the period, the hull plates of

785:, examined her papers, then ordered her crew to leave before sinking the schooner with gunfire. On 6 May, 13955: 13928: 13589: 13584: 13512: 13359: 12948: 12909: 12710: 12563: 11980: 11937: 11550: 11546: 11509: 11246: 11125: 11045: 10739: 10176: 10161: 10019: 9971: 9736: 9287: 9161: 9074: 9069: 8838: 8826: 8821: 8526: 8030: 7754: 6905: 6171: 5669: 5618: 5488: 5322: 5248: 4859: 4086: 3599: 1625: 1372: 734:

from the south. Although the submarine's departure, destination, and expected arrival time were known to

13445: 12052: 9348: 6746: 5879: 5852: 5808: 4447:"Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, The Lansing Papers, 1914–1920, Volume I" 3415: 559:

The official warning issued by the Imperial German Embassy about travel to the UK, appearing on 30 April

14310: 14254: 14250: 14246: 14242: 14238: 13801: 13503: 12938: 11607: 11160: 11105: 11065: 11055: 11050: 10907: 10719: 10676: 9953: 9711: 9696: 9598: 9467: 9035: 8947: 8904: 7218: 2949: 2936: 2904: 2877:(2012) describes an expedition investigating the wreck made by Greg Bemis and a crew of divers in 2011. 2185: 821:

light ship, around 70 miles east of the eventual attack. According to Room 40 archives, the sinking of

11721: 11542: 7798: 5714:

Rich Man's War, Poor Man's Fight: Race, Class, and Power in the Rural South during the First World War

5040: 2692:

Another ploy was the reproduction of the Goetz medal, which was done by department store entrepreneur

2267:

merchant ships were not armed, and indeed ships that were called up as Auxiliary Cruisers such as the

13647: 13299: 13046: 12988: 12750: 12037: 11972: 11817: 11663: 11494: 11418: 11150: 11075: 10928: 10872: 10661: 10429: 10013: 10001: 9756: 9741: 9462: 9353: 9047: 9025: 8774: 8764: 8697: 7850: 7462: 3771: 3282: 3048:

It is a fictional account from a passenger's perspective, and weaves in with storylines told in 2013.

2796: 2049: 1914:, presided over the case: he had previously presided over the case brought following the loss of the 1641:, 53. American engineer and entrepreneur. His wife, Mabel Ward Pearson, also perished in the sinking. 1570: 1477: 1415: 1313: 916: 503:

Unknown to all, the submarine war was about to get more dangerous. On 28 March, during the so-called

220:, Ireland. The attack took place in the declared maritime war-zone around the UK, three months after 9608: 8507:; The Lusitania Disaster and Its Influence on the Course of World War I, Casemate Publications (US) 8177: 7824: 7500: 7477: 6780: 5756: 4446: 3653:) may have been something else. Additional speculation centered on a consignment of furs, sent from 483:

to patrol Liverpool Bay. One of the destroyers' commanders attempted to discover the whereabouts of

14350: 14290: 13741: 13347: 13031: 12925: 12830: 12767: 12578: 12467: 12435: 12305: 12081: 11865: 11657: 11440: 11423: 11145: 10989: 10964: 10636: 10123: 10113: 10042: 9995: 9983: 9923: 9731: 9726: 9648: 9057: 9030: 8734: 5017: 3504:

There has long been a theory, expressed by historian and former British naval intelligence officer

3120:. Their voices can be heard at the start of the piece, and the hymn tune itself appears at the end. 2648: 2536: 1722: 1718: 1654: 1601: 1522: 1516: 1471:

Marguerite, Lady Allan, 42. Montreal socialite, philanthropist and patron of the arts, wife of Sir

6044: 13885: 13879: 13579: 13455: 13066: 13061: 13041: 12955: 12624: 12568: 12534: 12423: 11995: 11871: 11519: 11372: 11297: 11173: 11169: 11085: 10887: 10707: 10699: 10641: 10401: 10096: 9859: 9686: 9681: 9613: 9472: 9457: 9452: 9432: 9313: 9190: 8588: 5388: 4399: 2552: 1713:

The formal Board of Trade investigation into the sinking was presided over by Wreck Commissioner

1638: 1459: 1097:

According to Schwieger, he observed panic and disorder on the starboard side of the deck through

711: 46: 13975: 11925: 11829: 9653: 7065: 6556: 6421: 4483: 2350: 691:

As the liner steamed across the ocean, the British Admiralty had been tracking the movements of

640:

knots submerged), requiring the ship to pass extremely near a waiting submarine to be attacked.

328:

remained on the official AMC list and was listed as an auxiliary cruiser in the 1914 edition of

14355: 14023: 13923: 13786: 12656: 12546: 12529: 11877: 11793: 11727: 11633: 11568: 11398: 11130: 11080: 11040: 11030: 10892: 10825: 10474: 10198: 10133: 9989: 9716: 9643: 9593: 9578: 9560: 9533: 9447: 9414: 9079: 9040: 9020: 8831: 8724: 8598: 7086: 6909: 6291: 6095: 5512: 3719: 3694: 3165: 3113: 2693: 2666:, the sinking was a decisive turning point in the collective English attitude towards Germany. 2324: 1911: 1555: 1499: 871: 643: 12983: 7667: 7580: 6632: 6193: 5719: 5291: 5062: 4921: 4627: 2685:, the US ambassador to Germany, recounted it being told in his memoir of his time in Germany, 1932:

position was supported by evidence from other captains, who said that prior to the sinking of

1468:, 24. World-famous Welsh tenor, one of the 16 soloists of Vaughan Williams' Serenade to Music. 375:

a bronze/gold coloured band around the base of the superstructure just above the black paint.

14215: 13395: 13251: 12914: 12619: 12614: 12553: 12519: 12335: 12177: 12031: 12001: 11841: 11621: 11615: 11110: 10984: 10933: 10464: 10118: 10007: 9783: 9746: 9676: 9623: 9545: 9513: 9487: 9437: 9368: 9270: 9223: 9007: 8876: 8759: 7855: 7728: 6877:

Mallison, Sally V.; Mallison, W. Thomas (1991). "Naval targeting: lawful objects of attack".

4856:"Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry – The torpedoing of the ship – The launching of the life-boats" 3619:

used to produce explosives at Woolwich Arsenal, as well as other metals, leather and rubber.

2985: 2528: 2520: 2153: 1336: 1196: 1146: 911: 533: 334: 12275: 8451: 7518: 6407: 6228: 6087: 5711: 5552: 5546: 5186: 4913: 4888: 4882: 2144:

reported that due to the highly effective propaganda efforts of the Admiralty press bureau:

1865: 1737:, Lieutenant Commander Hearn and two merchant navy captains, D. Davies and J. Spedding. The 1525:, 62. Mining entrepreneur who was returning to London from Mexico. His body was never found. 13837: 13832: 13722: 13460: 13314: 13256: 13223: 13008: 12646: 12609: 12386: 12239: 11393: 10814: 10729: 9409: 9383: 9333: 8690: 7759: 7183:

Robert Ballard's Lusitania : probing the mysteries of the sinking that changed history

3015: 2996: 2974:

Another salvaged propeller from the ship was melted down to create golf clubs in the 1980s.

2835:(1918), at the time the longest animated film, and the oldest existing animated documentary 2716: 2489: 2148:

As to Germany’s war methods, they have the full approval of the people; the sinking of the

1830: 1734: 1447: 1363: 1266: 1228: 707: 391:

to be a "military area", with any ships entering the North Sea doing so at their own risk.

347: 206: 9358: 6278:

Theisen, Earl (1967) . "The History of the Animated Cartoon". In Fielding, Raymond (ed.).

3110:

From Hanover Square North, at the End of a Tragic Day, the Voice of the People Again Arose

2312: 1192: 8: 14139: 13796: 12847: 12524: 12381: 12376: 12093: 11931: 11669: 11308: 11004: 10796: 9935: 9799: 9751: 9628: 9588: 9583: 9528: 9211: 9205: 9106: 8639: 5483: 4841: 4669: 2130: 1590: 1538: 1441: 846: 782: 656: 465: 217: 77: 10749: 6703: 6607: 5306: 4371: 4002:

The exact number varies across sources. 128 is the official number. Hoehling gives 124,

2765:

Young Barbara McDermott, second-to-last survivor, with Assistant Purser William Harkness

977:

once she had returned to the North Sea, before any possibility of an official cover-up.

922: 14146: 14128: 14090: 14049: 14028: 13891: 13732: 13123: 12629: 11484: 10756: 10671: 10030: 9894: 9876: 9841: 9805: 9638: 9603: 9555: 9540: 9427: 9378: 9217: 9176: 8856: 8213: 7860: 7622: 7549: 6898: 6859: 6821: 6625: 6364: 6280: 6233: 5640: 5256: 3150: 2656: 2524: 2112: 1976: 1972: 1668: 1611:, 48. Playwright and one of four American "men of world wide prominence" named in film 1411: 1379: 1288:

until the end of the war. This rumour persisted from 1972, when the French daily paper

755: 13364: 13071: 699: 247: 14039: 13435: 13405: 12993: 12851: 12782: 12514: 11403: 11237: 10959: 10789: 10783: 10744: 10646: 10479: 10062: 9917: 9900: 9701: 9523: 9503: 9338: 9323: 9253: 9241: 8942: 8919: 8866: 8547: 8508: 8494: 8429: 8410: 8382: 8363: 8323: 8288: 8260: 8241: 8219: 8198: 8156: 8143: 8068: 7673: 7628: 7442: 7385: 7346: 6950: 6913: 6764: 6729: 6636: 6295: 6149: 6124: 6099: 6088: 6066: 6009: 5988: 5940: 5775: 5723: 5712: 5646: 5556: 5285: 5162: 4974: 4925: 4914: 4892: 4813: 4541: 4466: 4166: 4119: 3978: 3839: 3832: 3690: 3654: 3631: 3532: 3517: 3493: 3463:

lines theory propose that torpedo damage alone, striking near the boiler rooms, sunk

2799:

in 2004 in memory of her mother. Audrey Johnston died on 11 January 2011, at age 95.

2741:(America avenger of right). The reverse shows a view of the starboard quarter of the 2730: 2710: 2670: 2643:

The British press highlighted the savagery of the Germans, condemning Schwieger as a

2476:

commenting on German Foreign Office-led restrictions on submarine warfare, 1915–1916.

2347:

clear in three notes to the German government issued on 13 May, 9 June, and 21 July.

2203: 2045: 1898: 1797: 1658: 1563: 1465: 1352: 1033: 885: 730:

and Ireland, and then along the western and southern coasts of Ireland, to enter the

703: 692: 504: 313: 309: 251: 240: 131: 11291: 7669:

Popular Controversies in World History: Investigating History's Intriguing Questions

7104: 2726: 2287:

passenger liner. For years we have been sending small-arms cartridges abroad on the

1775: 1076: 552:

left Liverpool on her 201st transatlantic voyage, arriving in New York on 24 April.

14069: 13906: 13524: 13319: 13056: 13051: 12842: 12825: 12805: 12700: 12450: 11477: 11413: 11304: 11140: 9847: 9817: 9811: 9721: 9550: 9518: 9508: 9247: 9171: 9166: 9094: 8914: 8814: 8128: 7663: 6851: 4068: 3872: 3650: 3638: 3616: 3558:

The authorities deliberately and maliciously refused to provide a destroyer escort.

3139: 3135: 3069: 3044:, rotates narrators and time periods. One of the storylines takes place aboard the 3041: 2577: 2511: 2448: 2425: 2374: 1632: 1583:

founder, and one of four American "men of world wide prominence" named in the film

1559: 1472: 1395: 1002: 806: 459: 8531: 6447: 3547:

The British authorities were aware (thanks to the secret decryption activities of

2198:

sinking laden with guns (incorrectly depicted sinking stern first) with the motto

1829:

Lighthouse at the Old Head of Kinsale. Turner had approached this point to obtain

1108:

and headed out to sea. Later that day, he attempted to torpedo an American tanker

492:

and leaving the warships unable to locate him, continued to Liverpool unescorted.

13896: 13827: 13806: 13594: 13574: 13304: 13203: 13018: 12087: 12007: 11895: 11527: 11472: 10656: 10496: 9835: 9388: 9363: 9062: 8970: 8809: 8404: 8338:

Choosing war: presidential decisions in the Maine, Lusitania, and Panay incidents

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Choosing War: Presidential Decisions in the Maine, Lusitania, and Panay Incidents

3755: 3637:

Some authors speculate on the presence of undeclared explosive munitions. Author

3344: 3317: 3263: 3010: 2682: 2495: 2485: 2141: 2097: 1769: 1661:, and one of four American "men of world wide prominence" named in the 1918 film 1544: 1367: 896: 650:

departing New York, 1 May, in the last known photograph of her before her sinking

631:

While many British passenger ships had been called into duty for the war effort,

512: 295: 286:

of the way she was sunk have raged back and forth throughout the war and beyond.

213: 12159: 7196: 4006:

s passenger manifest suggests many more, and the Library of Congress gives 123.

3564:

Such a big ship cannot be expected to sink quickly from a single torpedo strike.

14163: 13950: 13918: 13913: 13309: 12894: 12742: 12428: 12406: 11955: 11367: 11347: 10489: 10469: 10140: 9853: 9691: 9482: 9373: 9229: 9133: 9116: 8477: 7876:"The German Excuse; Blame officially put on Great Britain; Cargo of Contraband" 7794: 6728:

Kirkpatrick, John (1973). Charles E. Ives: Memos. London: Calder & Boyars.

6680: 6179: 5677: 5626: 4947:

or ("Lusitania: Murder on the Atlantic") puts this at 14:30, two minutes after

4243: 3751: 3646: 3561:

The ship was ordered to reduce speed in the war zone to make it an easy target.

3505: 3435: 3297: 3239: 3124: 3058: 2968: 2907: 2725:

celebrated propaganda act. After the war, in around 1920, the French medallist

2332: 2316: 2248: 2093: 1576: 1532: 1208: 763: 387:

that included even foodstuffs, and in early November 1914 Britain declared the

229: 8666: 8483: 6143: 3908:"The Lusitania Resource: Lusitania Passengers & Crew, Facts & History" 1388:, 12. A friend of Ian Holbourn, who inspired his bestselling children's book, 1145:. View of casualties and survivors in the water and in lifeboats. Painting by 14284: 14080: 14059: 13842: 13213: 12978: 12481: 11707: 11357: 11352: 10600: 9888: 9882: 9318: 9235: 9146: 8587: 8169: 3825: 3759: 3624: 3245: 3209: 3205: 3172: 3055:(1982) is a fictionalised account of the sinking and events leading up to it. 2935:

that were salvaged from the wreck in 1982 is now on display as a memorial at

2544: 2433: 2417: 2237:, over a hundred lost their lives, and there was massive outrage in America, 1742: 1608: 1503: 1485: 1281: 948: 516: 435:"strict accountability" for any American deaths as a result of the campaign. 419: 415: 363: 299: 271: 236: 199: 107: 94: 12857: 8317: 6343: 5469: 3714: 3480: 1979:

ensign is shown Grand Admiral Tirpitz, major proponent of submarine warfare.

1187:

race to the rescue. In fact, the launching of the lifeboats was more chaotic

1025:

could not be steered or stopped to counteract the list or to beach herself.

743:

enemy submarines as steering ships away from them. However, Queenstown (now

430:, since efforts would be taken to avoid sinking neutral ships. However, the 19:

This article is about the historical event. For the 1918 animated film, see

13960: 13604: 13188: 13163: 13143: 12970: 12899: 12889: 12815: 12790: 12737: 12588: 12110: 11578: 11560: 11499: 11322: 10050: 9477: 8676: 8134:

Bernier, Michelle. "Did these Stories Really Happen?". (2010). Createspace

8026: 6802: 4079: 3682: 3604: 3401: 3117: 3101: 3087: 2844: 2826: 2784: 2674: 2644: 2473: 2110:, and also by Captain Persius, an outspoken naval critic who wrote for the 1528: 1453: 1421: 1405: 1385: 1356: 1119: 794: 455: 146:

1,197 of the 1,960 people aboard (61%) killed (including 4 after the event)

12476: 7421: 7237: 5692: 5641:

Doswald-Beck, Louise; International Institute of Humanitarian Law (1995).

2268: 13943: 12943: 12795: 12199: 11573: 11504: 11428: 11275: 10857: 10261: 10166: 9864: 9292: 8713: 5643:

San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea

3327: 3320: 3201: 3161: 2780: 2169: 2079: 2024: 1726: 1671:, 59. American genealogist, historian and book editor, and famous singer. 1495: 1491: 1481: 7553: 7537: 6422:"R.M.S. Lusitania: a Limited Edition set of Lusitania Legacy golf clubs" 5003: 2927: 2651:, matters relating to the ship's cargo were censored. References to the 2102: 13933: 13761: 13756: 13228: 12800: 12401: 12396: 12218: 11555: 11317: 11285: 8095: 8085: 7267: 6944: 6863: 6839: 6085: 5934: 3763: 3179: 3095: 2506:

ripping apart Germany's promises to "abandon ruthless submarine policy"

2503: 2239: 1995:

is depicted incorrectly as being on the surface and thus is spotted by

1825: 1434: 1080:

1914 picture showing additional collapsible lifeboats added to the ship

1052: 451: 384: 351: 73: 11206: 8075: 6980:"Copy of instructions to merchant captains as issued by the Admiralty" 5156: 4072: 3364: 2886: 1846: 1008: 410:

By early 1915, a new threat to British shipping began to materialise:

14224: 14195: 14173: 13938: 13778: 13671: 13281: 13133: 11583: 11408: 11337: 11327: 10897: 10056: 9823: 7880: 7129: 7127: 7125: 6707: 6527:"Propeller from RMS Lusitania on display at Hilton Anatole in Dallas" 6390:"Propeller from RMS Lusitania on display at Hilton Anatole in Dallas" 6256: 3816: 3807: 3734: 3489: 3451: 3409: 3385:

multiple witnesses. However, testimony and radio communications from

2940: 2663: 2540: 2176: 2057: 2053: 1760: 1621: 1184: 1105: 966: 793:, a British steamer originating from Cuba flying a neutral flag, off 739:

information and passed on warnings only when they felt it essential.

731: 723: 719: 636: 388: 283: 6855: 2761: 1705: 1273:, but the bodies of the remaining 885 victims were never recovered. 1203:

Captain Turner was on the deck near the bridge clutching the ship's

555: 394: 358:, if the bookings justified the expense of keeping them in service. 13387: 11435: 11332: 10316: 8532:

1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War

8115:

Doubleday, F.N. (January 1908). "A Trip on the Two Largest Ships".

3782: 3337: 3221: 3143: 2480:

Within Germany there was a fierce debate between German Chancellor

2092:

The sinking was severely criticised by and met with disapproval in

1822:

which would be useless in the case of a surprise submerged attack.

1580: 1480:, 32. Sailor and crew member that survived both the sinking of the 1290: 1276:

One story—an urban legend—states that when Lieutenant Schwieger of

1070: 774: 727: 8405:

Sauder, Eric; Ken Marschall, Audrey Pearl Lawson Johnston (2009).

8102:

The Lusitania Disaster: An Episode in Modern Warfare and Diplomacy

8090:

Bailey, Thomas A. "German Documents Relating to the 'Lusitania'",

7438:

Winston Churchill, Myth and Reality: What he actually did and said

7122: 6045:"The Ambassador in Great Britain (Page) to the Secretary of State" 4304:

The Lusitania Disaster: An Episode in Modern Warfare and Diplomacy

2631:

medal. Unlike the original Goetz medals which were sand-cast from

2510:

Nevertheless, passenger ships continued to be attacked. The liner

2309:

committed" could be accepted as a legitimate excuse for that act.

1908:

United States District Court for the Southern District of New York

1597: 14101: 14005: 12486: 12472: 11712: 11532: 11362: 6945:

Potter, Elmer Belmont; Roger Fredland, Henry Hitch Adams (1981).

6627:

H.P. Lovecraft and Lovecraft Criticism: An Annotated Bibliography

6144:

Besly, Edward; National Museums & Galleries of Wales (1997).

6086:

Cull, Nicholas John; David Holbrook Culbert, David Welch (2003).

5548:

Crucible of Power: A History of U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1897

4578: 3658: 3548: 2890:

A publicity still from the forthcoming virtual museum experience

2866:

and the political and military decisions that led to the sinking.

1753:. Butler Aspinall, who had represented the Board of Trade at the 1686: 1593:, 53. Author and woman's rights activist, wife of Elbert Hubbard. 1270: 1204: 1113: 735: 669: 411: 255: 10855: 7921: 7648:

Ministry of Munitions (1922). "Part VI: Small arms ammunition".

3907: 3698:

state of the cargo hold, including "neatly stacked" ammunition.

3434:

cargo hold, which had been ignited by the torpedo. In 1993, Dr.

1881:

According to Simpson, Lord Mersey later told his children: "The

989:

the bow... the name Lusitania becomes visible in golden letters.

13727: 12651: 8398:

The Sword and the Scepter vol III: The tragedy of statesmanship

7945: 7560: 6844:

University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register

5703: 4221: 3686: 3569:

general presence of submarines in the area, and informed about

2953: 2632: 2173: 2085:"was yesterday torpedoed by a German submarine and sank", that 2027:, 1915. Shows Lusitania packed with people, lowering lifeboats. 1801:

the enquiry because of the failures of the Gallipoli campaign.

1220: 715: 475: 259: 216:

on 7 May 1915, about 11 nautical miles (20 kilometres) off the

209: 128: 8682: 8160:

Echoes of Distant Thunder: Life in the United States 1914–1918

7987: 7909: 6998: 5389:"The Ambassador in Germany (Gerard) to the Secretary of State" 2655:

appeared heavily in propaganda, and helped motivate the later

2465: 2394:

in resigning on behalf of those under its care and authority.

2262:

US authorities rebutted German claims. While it was true that

2168:

Propaganda medals were made by a number of artists, including

1764:

when evidence regarding navigation of the ship was presented.

1665:– last seen fastening a life vest onto a woman holding a baby. 205:

was a British-registered ocean liner that was torpedoed by an

13901: 13599: 11280: 10484: 8446:, 13 October 1972, p. 58. Excerpts from Colin Simpson's 8232:

Lauriat, Charles E. Jr. (1915). "The Lusitania's Last Voyage"

8195:

Lusitania: Triumph, Tragedy and the End of the Edwardian Age}

7650:

History of the Ministry of Munitions: The Supply of Munitions

5915: 5913: 5832: 5830: 5581: 5569: 5217: 5117: 4768: 4601: 3767: 1261: 1224: 858:

prior to the sinking of the former. Marked are ships sunk by

423: 8340:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190939601 8065:

Commemoration of Death: the medals of the Lusitania murders.

7320: 4702: 4700: 4160: 3770:

damaged from the removal of three of the four propellers by

2140:

In a 13 July report on conditions in Germany, US Ambassador

1635:, 68. British theologian, author, and convert to Catholicism 1506:. There is no claim to show this man was on all three ships. 8623: 8607: 8305:. Dublin: The History Press Ireland. ISBN 978 1 84588 854 1 7705: 7220:

Lusitania: An Illustrated Biography of the Ship of Splendor

5229: 5038: 4506:

Lusitania: an illustrated biography of the Ship of Splendor

4427: 3747: 3396:

A debated theory assigns the blame for the second blast on

3195: 2847:

spent nearly two years animating the disaster for his film

2551:

buildup of participation was at first slow, but during the

1937:

in five minutes and would have been sufficiently accurate.

1709:

Lord Mersey, wreck commissioner presiding over the inquiry.

1437:

and daughter of D. A. Thomas. Later 2nd Viscountess Rhondda

1294:

published a letter to the editor. However, Voegele was the

1285: 805:. It then failed to get off a shot at the 16,000-ton liner 744: 507:, a German submarine stopped a British passenger ship, the 399: 8608:"Passenger and crew lists, biographies, and deck plans of 7933: 7831: 6926: 5965: 5935:

Gardiner, Robert; Randal Gray, Przemyslaw Budzbon (1985).

5910: 5898: 5827: 5815: 5788: 3065:(published in Wales), a poem on the sinking of the vessel. 1199:, photographed on 11 May 1915, four days after the sinking 8162:(Kodansha Globe, 1996). Chapter 14 covers the sinking of 7825:"The Secretary of State to President Wilson, May 9, 1915" 7294: 7292: 6282:

A Technological History of Motion Pictures and television

5402: 5138: 4780: 4697: 4670:"Lusitania and Mauretania: Cunard's Revolutionary Liners" 4643: 4641: 3822:– Cross-channel ferry attacked in 1916, triggering crisis 3555:, but decided to not to divert the ship to a safer route. 3138:

and Nat Vincent was published by Leo Feist, in New York.

2914:. The project includes a virtual walkthrough tour of the 2251:

urged restraint. He said at Philadelphia on 10 May 1915:

2100:, while in the German press, the sinking was deplored by 1247:

the cold. By the days' end, 767 passengers and crew from

1037: 862:

on 6 and 7 May and key geographic points. Based on and .

8322:. Barnsley, Yorkshire: Leo Coope (Pen and Sword books). 7279: 7277: 6031:

British propaganda: Its impact on America in World War I

5953: 5157:

Peeke, Mitch; Steven Jones, Kevin Walsh-Johnson (2002).

5018:"Miss Kathleen Kaye (Hannah Ermine Kathleen Kirschbaum)" 4065:

International law, German submarines and American policy

3389:

makes clear that only one torpedo was fired towards the

3090:, a pacifist horrified by the First World War, composed 2779:, on 18 July 1946. They had three children and lived in 2060:, Ohio, in which he attempted to justify the sinking of 1791:

which Turner may have failed to observe. First Sea Lord

341:

At the outbreak of hostilities, fears for the safety of

312:

if need be. At the outbreak of the First World War, the

8318:

Mitch Peeke; Steven Jones, Kevin Walsh-Johnson (2002).

8166:, survivors' personal memories and political response. 7962: 7960: 7519:"Sinking RMS Lusitania: A Long-Lived Conspiracy Theory" 7342:

Conspiracies and Secret Societies: The Complete Dossier

6658:"How the sinking of the Lusitania inspired my new book" 5853:"Second U.S. Protest over the Sinking of the Lusitania" 5205: 4335: 4323: 3123:

A popular song, "As the Lusitania Went Down" (1915) by

980:

Next, in Schwieger's own words, recorded in the log of

7897: 7805: 7289: 7019: 5886: 5880:"Third U.S. Protest over the Sinking of the Lusitania" 5859: 5308:

The Iron Ration: Three Years in Warring Central Europe

5193: 4911: 4638: 4044: 3372:

being torpedoed, showing now-debunked "second torpedo"

3312:

while first allowing the crew to escape in boats. The

2361:

The first note, (citing attacks on 3 other ships: the

1624:, 39. Renowned Irish art collector and founder of the 7647: 7274: 6986: 2484:, and pro-submarine naval officials like Tirpitz and 2319:

would become US Secretary of State due to the crisis.

1971:. The torpedo is incorrectly depicted as hitting the 1721:

from 15 to 18 June 1915 with further sessions at the

8470:"Is The Riddle of The Lusitania About to be Solved?" 8107:

Ballard, Robert D., & Dunmore, Spencer. (1995).

7957: 7789:

Sides, Hampton; Goodwin Sides, Anne (January 2009).

7434: 5513:"Lusitania Sunk by a Submarine, Probably 1,260 Dead" 4971:

Seven Days to Disaster: The Sinking of the Lusitania

4810:

The Folly of War: American Foreign Policy, 1898–2004

4267: 4067:(Master of Arts thesis). Portland State University. 3766:

is the most prominent portion of the wreck with the

3446:, conducted an in-depth exploration of the wreck of 3149:

The song "Lusitania" from American black metal band

266:

s mission was to torpedo warships and liners in the

12685: 8423: 8354:. Waterville: Thorndike Press. Preston p. 384 6747:"Lest We Forget Part 2: As The Lusitania Went Down" 6207:"Bedfordshire Lusitania survivor keeps story alive" 4414: 4035: 3218:

London Declaration concerning the Laws of Naval War

2598:

The Freedom of the Seas. From the Hun Point of View

1390:

The Child of the Moat, A Story for Girls, 1557 A.D.

8080:Bailey, Thomas A. "The Sinking of the Lusitania", 7979:Layton, J Kent (2016). "Destroying the Evidence". 7951: 7788: 7726: 7311: 7149: 6897: 6624: 6279: 4575:Some Original Documents from the British Admiralty 4451:Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute 3746:because of the corrosion in the winter tides. The 3134:The song "When the Lusitania Went Down" (1915) by 3040:(2019), written by Karen White, Lauren Willig and 2689:(1918), though without vouching for its validity. 2355:"A letter from the president of the United States" 1745:, represented the Board of Trade, assisted by the 1554:Mary Picton Stevens Hammond, 26. Granddaughter of 235:The passengers had been notified before departing 5937:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 5455: 5453: 4991:Die Legende von Karl Vögeles "Meuterei" auf U 20. 2424:. Later key crises related to the sinking of the 1733:. He was assisted by four assessors, Admiral Sir 1456:, 59. British former MP (later Viscount Rhondda). 474:, and took the further precaution of sending the 398:The German pre-war submarine fleet at harbour in 14282: 8474:Linda and Gary Cargill "Those Who Dream By Day" 8183: 8084:, Vol. 41, No. 1 (October 1935), pp. 54–73 7566: 7463:"The Lusitania Resource: Conspiracy or Foul-Up?" 7260:"Animations & Simulations/ R.M.S. Lusitania" 6876: 5809:"U.S. Protest over the Sinking of the Lusitania" 5505: 4758:"English Translation of His Majesty's Submarine 4306:. New York/London: Free Press/Collier Macmillan. 4161:Tucker, Spencer; Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005). 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 2967:A propeller from the wreck is on display at the 2711:St Dunstan's Blinded Soldiers and Sailors Hostel 2133:wrote: "For the Germany Navy the sinking of the 1647:, 64. Montreal socialite and wife of politician 1370:whose sketches of the sinking were published in 152:Temporary end of unrestricted submarine warfare. 9659:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 7422:"Lusitania Controversy: Warning and conspiracy" 7045:Layton, J Kent (2016). "The Second Explosion". 6800: 6344:"Lusitania: The Greyhound's Wake – HFX Studios" 6028: 5634: 5601:"SS Orduna in dazzle camouflage, diorama model" 4887:. Saddleback Educational Publications. p. 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3793:, as her hull has already started to collapse. 3645:was also secretly carrying a large quantity of 3092:Lament (for Catherine, aged 9 "Lusitania" 1915) 2202:("NO CONTRABAND!"), while the reverse showed a 1869:A survivor of the sinking. Pictured 25 May 1915 1700: 1424:, 30. French-American stage and screen actress. 1016:s torpedo, including water plume from explosion 548:in the years before the war. On 17 April 1915, 14361:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I 8308: 8140:Room 40: British Naval Intelligence, 1914–1918 8094:, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Sep. 1936), pp. 320–337 7927: 7339:Steiger, Brad; Steiger, Sherry Hansen (2006). 7338: 7133: 6837: 6744: 6003: 5709: 5450: 4353:Testimony of A.A. Booth at the Mersey Inquiry. 4284: 4282: 4087:"Remembering the Sinking of the RMS Lusitania" 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3803:List of ships sunk by submarines by death toll 3789:is in surprisingly poor condition compared to 3762:missing, presumably due to deterioration. The 3254:(Imperial German Gazette) on 4 February 1915: 2791:in 1961. Johnston gifted an inshore lifeboat, 2274:had to at times be fitted with fake weaponry. 14006:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in May 1915 13991: 11696: 11462: 11222: 10841: 8698: 8428:. Redondo Beach, CA: Trans-Atlantic Designs. 8254: 8215:Dead Wake: The Last Crossing of the Lusitania 7538:"Putting Out the "Embers of This Resentment"" 7415: 7413: 7144: 7142: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7034: 6895: 6833: 6831: 6471:"Toronto's Lusitania model bound for Halifax" 5375:Wilson: The Struggle for Neutrality 1914–1915 5039:Mr. William Brodrick-Cloete (5 August 2011). 4740:log entry transcript. Log first published in 4393: 4391: 4389: 4187:"Memorandum to War Cabinet on trade blockade" 3891: 3623:could carry far more cargo. For example, the 3551:) that a German submarine was in the path of 3178:The song "Lusitania" from post-hardcore band 3171:The song "Dead Wake" from post-hardcore band 3164:. The song features vocals by Annie Clark of 2952:in Liverpool, which was the home port of the 1893: 1782:, director of the Trade Division at the time. 1160:The second explosion made passengers believe 149:Turned international opinion against Germany. 13662: 7478:"The Secretary of State to President Wilson" 7384:. Waterville: Thorndike Press. p. 384. 7264:JMS Naval Architects & Salvage Engineers 7097: 7060: 7058: 7056: 5774:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 24–25. 5757:"The Secretary of State to President Wilson" 5693:"Lusitania Controversy – Armament and Cargo" 5287:The Literary Digest History of the World War 5180: 5178: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4484:"Detective-Inspector William John Pierpoint" 4109: 4107: 3925: 3249: 3237: 3160:"Lusitania" from American singer-songwriter 2303: 1657:, 37. Sportsman, millionaire, member of the 1450:, 48. American architect and philanthropist. 627:s departure from New York on her last voyage 10149: 8426:RMS Lusitania: Triumph of the Edwardian Age 8360:Wilful Murder: The sinking of the Lusitania 7972: 7578: 7081: 7079: 5847: 5845: 5645:. Cambridge University Press. p. 124. 4945:The Sinking of the Lusitania: Terror at Sea 4464:The Lusitania Saga & Myth: 100 Years On 4279: 4031: 4029: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3975:Wilful Murder. The Sinking of the Lusitania 3856: 3742:has deteriorated significantly faster than 2984:, repainted after the sinking to represent 1444:, 55. 1st Baronet and Canadian businessman. 1414:, 38. Automobile manufacturer. Head of the 718:on 30 April, heading north-west across the 13998: 13984: 12217: 11229: 11215: 10848: 10834: 8705: 8691: 8257:The Edwardian Superliners: a trio of trios 8192: 8142:. Long Acre, London: Hamish Hamilton Ltd. 8021: 8019: 8017: 8008:Conspiracies at Sea: Titanic and Lusitania 7993: 7981:Conspiracies at Sea: Titanic and Lusitania 7939: 7915: 7837: 7598:(1). Archaeological Institute of America. 7535: 7410: 7232: 7230: 7139: 7105:"Shipwreck of the Cunard Line – Lusitania" 7087:"RMS Lusitania | Sinking and Inquiry" 7047:Conspiracies at Sea: Titanic and Lusitania 7031: 7004: 6828: 6123:. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 124–125. 5587: 5575: 5540: 5538: 5277: 5235: 5223: 5144: 5123: 4839: 4786: 4774: 4706: 4647: 4607: 4433: 4397: 4386: 4320:, by J. Kent Layton (2010, Amberley Books) 4301: 4050: 2881: 563:In the middle of April, German ambassador 8362:. London: Corgi (Transworld publishers). 8114: 7314:Politicians at War: July 1914 to May 1915 7053: 6840:"Modern Developments of the Law of Prize" 6524: 6056: 6054: 6037: 5664: 5662: 5339: 5304: 5175: 4826: 4302:Bailey, Thomas A.; Ryan, Paul B. (1975). 4264:by J. Kent Layton (2010, Amberley Books). 4104: 3512:and Donald E. Schmidt among others, that 2442: 1948: 1321:Sinking, the Greatest of Ocean Tragedies" 12366: 9948:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 8311:The Lusitania: Unravelling the Mysteries 8303:RMS Lusitania, It Wasn't & It Didn't 7854: 7614: 7579:Mullally, Erin (January–February 2009). 7377: 7076: 6801:McCarron, Charles; Vincent, Nat (1915). 6655: 6316:"TV show to reveal secrets of Lusitania" 6227: 6148:. National Museum of Wales. p. 55. 6118: 6008:. Oxford University Press. p. 196. 5930: 5928: 5842: 5486:appeared in the New York Times in 1917. 5321: 5211: 4880: 4752: 4750: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4398:Bernstorff, Johann Heinrich von (1920). 4026: 3991: 3713: 3598: 3488: 3481:British Government deliberately putting 3414: 3363: 3277: 3226: 3196:Cruiser rules and Admiralty instructions 2926: 2885: 2811: 2760: 2715: 2494: 2464: 2349: 2311: 2221: 1897: 1864: 1845: 1824: 1774: 1704: 1651:; with her perished her infant grandson. 1596: 1531:, 42. Belgian nurse and wife of surgeon 1351: 1312: 1191: 1075: 1007: 921: 910: 845: 679: 642: 607: 554: 438:The reaction to the announcement by the 393: 12147: 11236: 10325:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 8459: 8357: 8184:Hoehling, A.A.; Hoehling, Mary (1956). 8118:The World's Work: A History of Our Time 8014: 7966: 7811: 7419: 7298: 7227: 7197:"Lost Liners – Lusitania, paragraph 10" 7180: 6938: 6745:Kalafus, Jim; Poirier, Michael (2005). 6656:Morpurgo, Michael (24 September 2014). 6631:. Kent State University Press. p. 6468: 6277: 6196:on the Royal Museums Greenwich website. 5763: 5718:. U. of North Carolina Press. pp. 5535: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5342:The World War and American isolationism 5199: 4807: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4316:New photographic evidence presented in 4238: 4236: 4212: 4179: 4040:. Oxford University Press. p. 269. 3972: 3813:– Italian passenger ship sunk by U-boat 3359: 2859:Sinking of the Lusitania: Terror at Sea 1579:, 58. American philosopher, writer and 1541:, 39. American novelist and playwright. 1433:(Lady Humphrey Mackworth), 31. British 1302:Sinking of the Lusitania: Terror at Sea 1255:at the time of her sinking, 1,197 1104:periscope, and by 14:25 he dropped the 14283: 8540:"British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry" 8407:RMS Lusitania: The Ship and Her Record 8395: 8376: 8282: 8235: 8211: 8137: 8025: 8005: 7978: 7903: 7662: 7620: 7326: 7283: 7044: 7025: 6992: 6949:. Naval Institute Press. p. 223. 6932: 6676:"Pianists Celebrate Wartime Composers" 6605: 6051: 6022: 5971: 5919: 5904: 5892: 5865: 5836: 5821: 5794: 5769: 5659: 5283: 4912:Schapiro, Amy; Thomas H. Kean (2003). 4848: 4535: 4273: 4227: 4113: 4062: 3676: 2862:(2007) depicts the last voyage of the 2777:George Lawson Johnston, 1st Baron Luke 2206:selling Cunard tickets with the motto 1680: 635:remained on her regular route between 13979: 13868: 13711: 13097: 12684: 12503: 12365: 12216: 12146: 11695: 11606: 11461: 11257: 11210: 10829: 10278:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 9614:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 8686: 8576:– An in depth account of the sinking" 8067:(2012), full color bleed, 194 pages, 7864:. 27 November 1914. pp. 10135–6. 7767:from the original on 24 February 2017 7602:from the original on 20 February 2014 6622: 6525:Marceleno, Tatiana (19 August 2012). 6169: 6060: 5925: 5544: 5464:The Lusitania Medal and its Varieties 5459: 5329:. Concord Pub. Co., Inc. p. 242. 5311:. Harper & Brothers. p. 314. 5187:"Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report" 4920:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 4747: 4613: 3781:include her still-legible name, some 3685:or attacked with Hedgehog mortars. A 3535:'s express permission and approval." 3438:, the famous explorer who discovered 2931:One of the three propellers from the 2739:Ultrix America Juris, 1917 U.S.A 1918 2341:American Society of International Law 2295:In addition to the rifle cartridges, 1675: 1418:following his father's death in 1910. 1308: 675: 330:Jane's All the World's Fighting Ships 10682:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 8424:Sauder, Eric; Ken Marschall (1991). 8100:Bailey, Thomas A. and Paul B. Ryan. 8006:Layton, J Kent (2016). "Surfacing". 7238:"Lusitania Controversy: The Sinking" 7162:from the original on 12 January 2022 5959: 5551:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 5468:. LusitaniaMedal.com. Archived from 5372: 5361: 4858:. titanicinquiry.org. Archived from 4563: 4341: 4329: 4233: 3351:German political leaders during the 3068:The sinking was the inspiration for 2839:There is no footage of the sinking. 1991:Another German propaganda postcard. 1569:Albert L. Hopkins, 44. President of 171: 12872:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 11518: 10611:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 9405:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 8238:Lusitania: an illustrated biography 8180:. Episode in long-term perspective. 4808:Schmidt, Donald E. (29 June 2005). 4628:"The Culpability of Captain Turner" 4318:Lusitania: An Illustrated Biography 4262:Lusitania: An Illustrated Biography 4149:Lusitania: An Illustrated Biography 4036:Douglas Carl Peifer (1 June 2016). 3846:– Passenger ship sunk early in WWII 3063:The Crime of Crimes: Lusitania 1915 2681:. This story was so effective that 2357:. Contemporary US political cartoon 1519:, 53. Irish composer and conductor. 1494:, 59. Claimed to have survived the 13: 14306:Atlantic operations of World War I 13630:Springfield, Ohio, cat-eating hoax 9344:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 8556:"Historic film footage related to 8193:King, Greg; Wilson, Penny (2015). 8172:"A Liner, a U-Boat … and History. 8056: 7727:Simpson, Colin (13 October 1972). 6896:O'Connell, Daniel Patrick (1975). 6819: 5184: 4540:. Cork: Mercier Press. p. 8. 3831:– Another passenger liner sunk by 3777:Some of the prominent features on 3405: 3214:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 2922: 2802: 2770:three months old when she boarded 2615:, First World War propaganda stamp 2108:Social Democratic Party of Germany 1408:, 42. Oxford professor and writer. 726:and proceeded around the north of 45:Painting of the sinking, from the 14: 14377: 13272:Western-backed Iranian Revolution 13154:Finger-pinching conspiracy theory 13004:Proposed "Islamo-leftism" inquiry 8519: 7755:"Did Britain doom the Lusitania?" 6900:The influence of law on sea power 6469:Moloney, Paul (30 January 2010). 6006:International Relations 1914–1995 4812:. Algora Publishing. p. 70. 4292:. New York: Walker & Company. 4116:Atlantic convoys and Nazi raiders 3402:.303 rifle/machine-gun cartridges 2547:to adhere only to cruiser rules. 2158:in the same way if she comes out. 2052:and representative of the German 1400:United States Ambassador to Spain 1382:, 27. Musical actress and singer. 850:Map showing the movements of RMS 14331:International maritime incidents 14266: 14261: 14249: 14241: 12731:Gas chambers for Poles in Warsaw 12668:Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning 12026:South African Airways Flight 295 9707:Second Battle of the Piave River 9329:Russian invasion of East Prussia 8493:. Riverside, Conn: 7 C's Press. 8186:The Last Voyage of the Lusitania 8076:Available on Createspace e-store 7999: 7888: 7868: 7843: 7817: 7782: 7747: 7720: 7698: 7686:from the original on 3 July 2023 7656: 7641: 7572: 7529: 7511: 7493: 7484: 7469: 7455: 7428: 7398:from the original on 3 July 2023 7371: 7359:from the original on 3 July 2023 7332: 7304: 7252: 7211: 7189: 7174: 7010: 6972: 6963: 6889: 6870: 6813: 6794: 6773: 6757: 6738: 6722: 6696: 6668: 6649: 6616: 6599: 6574: 6549: 6518: 6488: 6462: 6432: 6414: 6400: 6382: 6357: 6336: 6308: 6271: 6241: 6221: 6199: 6187: 6163: 6137: 6112: 6079: 5997: 5977: 5871: 5800: 5749: 5736: 5685: 5523:from the original on 9 June 2019 5284:Halsey, Francis Whiting (1919). 3594: 3368:Contemporary British drawing of 3190: 2980:The original builder's model of 2956:line, has a large exhibit about 2756: 2620: 2605: 2590: 2568: 2032: 2016: 2004: 1984: 1960: 1173: 1153: 1135: 684:Walther Schwieger, commander of 362:transports, while others became 170: 163: 39: 13315:Petrograd Military Organization 12838:International Jewish conspiracy 12686:Race, religion and/or ethnicity 12348:Denial of the 7 October attacks 12172:California drought manipulation 10778:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 9978:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 8712: 8273:Ljungström, Henrik. Lusitania. 6496:"Lusitania propeller in Dallas" 6004:Rea, Tony; John Wright (1997). 5611: 5593: 5476: 5420: 5395: 5381: 5348: 5333: 5315: 5305:Schreiner, George Abel (1918). 5298: 5290:. Funk & Wagnalls. p. 5268: 5241: 5150: 5129: 5108: 5099: 5090: 5081: 5055: 5032: 5010: 4996: 4983: 4963: 4954: 4938: 4905: 4874: 4801: 4792: 4730: 4721: 4712: 4688: 4662: 4653: 4592: 4554: 4529: 4520: 4511: 4498: 4476: 4457: 4439: 4408: 4356: 4347: 4310: 4295: 4250: 4206: 4197: 4154: 4141: 4132: 3873:"Passenger and Crew Statistics" 3400:s cargo. This included tons of 2993:Maritime Museum of the Atlantic 2900:Lusitania: The Greyhound's Wake 2613:Remember Always, Nothing German 1118:struck a British mine north of 915:Illustration of the sinking by 598: 586:Washington, D.C. 22 April 1915 432:German Imperial Admiralty Staff 13264:Israel-related animal theories 10601:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 10460:Deportations from East Prussia 10257:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 8381:. London: Chatham Publishing. 8336:Peifer, Douglas Carl. (2016). 8218:. New York: Crown Publishing. 8082:The American Historical Review 7952:Sides & Goodwin Sides 2009 6822:"When the Lusitania Went Down" 6803:"When the Lusitania went down" 6288:University of California Press 6237:. 28 March 1961. p. 2345. 6090:Propaganda and Mass Persuasion 4364:"Commander Daniel Dow RD, RNR" 4165:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 836–837. 4063:Manson, Janet Marilyn (1977). 4056: 3116:", picking up the tune from a 3030:(2017) takes place aboard the 3019:are set off by the sinking of 2892:Lustania: The Greyhound's Wake 2829:spent nearly two years making 2720:Reverse of the Baudichon medal 2581:, a UK propaganda poster with 2233:Of the 159 US citizens aboard 2023:German commemorative medal by 1967:German propaganda postcard of 1902:Judge Julius Mayer, presiding. 565:Johann Heinrich von Bernstorff 495:Some alterations were made to 428:unrestricted submarine warfare 424:step up its submarine campaign 222:unrestricted submarine warfare 1: 14341:Maritime incidents in Ireland 13426:First Catilinarian conspiracy 12468:Ideology in incel communities 10512:Ukrainian Canadian internment 8593:, British Cunard liner" 8505:The Day the World was Shocked 8409:. London: The History Press. 8092:The Journal of Modern History 7435:Richard M. Langworth (2017). 6824:– via Internet Archive. 6160:(Original propaganda leaflet) 5985:The Day the World was Shocked 4244:"The Lusitania Resource: War" 3850: 3709: 3470:Lawrence Livermore Laboratory 3108:ends with a movement titled, 3003: 2875:Dark Secrets of the Lusitania 2627:British replica of the Goetz 2482:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg 2163:James W. Gerard, 13 July 1915 2106:, the daily newspaper of the 1122:and was lost with all hands. 289: 274:. It also contributed to the 16:World War I maritime disaster 14321:German Empire in World War I 13869: 13792:Freeman on the land movement 13682:Maricopa County ballot audit 13640:"Vast right-wing conspiracy" 13098: 12059:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 11343:Global catastrophe scenarios 11258: 10667:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 9966:Estonian War of Independence 9634:Southern Palestine offensive 8668:The Sinking of the Lusitania 8400:. University of Miami Press. 8309:O'Sullivan, Patrick (2000). 7567:Hoehling & Hoehling 1956 7542:Journal of the Civil War Era 6781:"As the Lusitania Went Down" 6704:"Proms Seasons: 1915 Season" 6170:White, Horace (5 May 1916). 5323:Schrader, Frederick Franklin 4213:Tirpitz, Alfred von (1926). 3977:. London : Black Swan. 3061:'s first published book was 2850:The Sinking of the Lusitania 2832:The Sinking of the Lusitania 2470:Now remember what I told you 1701:Board of Trade investigation 1663:The Sinking of the Lusitania 1614:The Sinking of the Lusitania 1585:The Sinking of the Lusitania 1549:The Sinking of the Lusitania 1398:, 45. Politician and future 1260:floating as far away as the 722:. On 2 May, she had reached 603: 22:The Sinking of the Lusitania 7: 13956:Science by press conference 13929:Online youth radicalization 13848:Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme 13535:CIA assistance to bin Laden 13178:(outside the United States) 12342:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 12288:Mozambican presidential jet 12020:United Air Lines Flight 553 11551:Interdimensional hypothesis 11247:List of conspiracy theories 10621:USA against Austria-Hungary 10020:Turkish War of Independence 9972:Latvian War of Independence 9697:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 9288:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 8345:Journal of Military History 8313:. New York: Sheridan House. 8285:Lusitania, an Irish Tragedy 7775:– via History Extra. 7652:. Vol. 11. p. 38. 7312:Cameron Hazlehurst (1971). 7181:Ballard, Robert D. (2007). 6906:Manchester University Press 6769:. F.K. Root & Co. 1915. 4581:, regarding the sinking of 4538:Lusitania, an Irish Tragedy 3796: 3142:issued a recording sung by 2687:Face to Face with Kaiserism 2669:According to US Ambassador 2217: 1685:On 8 May, the local county 1626:Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery 1373:The Illustrated London News 1325: 817:, all in the region of the 801:sank the 6,000 ton steamer 517:surfacing to attack vessels 276:American entry into the War 10: 14382: 14336:Maritime incidents in 1915 14301:1910s disasters in Ireland 13240:Middle East / North Africa 12640:oral polio AIDS hypothesis 12504: 10704:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 10252:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 9712:Second Battle of the Marne 9599:Second battle of the Aisne 9468:Second Battle of Champagne 9309:German invasion of Belgium 8352:Lusitania: An Epic Tragedy 8347:79, no. 4 (2015): 1025–45. 8188:. Maryland: Madison Books. 8111:. New York: Warner Books. 7381:Lusitania: An Epic Tragedy 7240:. Gwpda.org. 17 April 1999 6947:Sea Power: A Naval History 6766:As the Lusitania went down 6065:. Rodopi. pp. 54–55. 6061:Quinn, Patrick J. (2001). 5770:Zieger, Robert H. (1972). 5605:National Museums Liverpool 5063:"Mr. Albert Lloyd Hopkins" 4969:Des Hickey and Gus Smith, 4290:Lusitania: An Epic Tragedy 4215:Politische Dokumente vol 2 2950:Merseyside Maritime Museum 2937:Merseyside Maritime Museum 2558: 2543:on 24 March 1916, and the 2446: 1975:side of ship. Next to the 1894:American court proceedings 1649:George Washington Stephens 1183:is shown sinking as Irish 906: 293: 18: 14236: 14185: 14011: 13875: 13864: 13820: 13777: 13718: 13712: 13707: 13481: 13380: 13333: 13292: 13239: 13174: 13108: 13104: 13093: 13017: 12969: 12923: 12781: 12691: 12680: 12510: 12499: 12372: 12361: 12226: 12212: 12155: 12142: 12103: 12068: 11965: 11706: 11702: 11697:Deaths and disappearances 11691: 11562:Estimate of the Situation 11468: 11463:Astronomy and outer space 11457: 11381: 11268: 11264: 11253: 11244: 11183: 11023: 10952: 10921: 10865: 10810: 10769: 10690: 10629: 10591: 10535: 10524: 10485:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 10428: 10400: 10348: 10270: 10244: 10196: 10089: 10082: 10014:Irish War of Independence 9910: 9792: 9757:Armistice of Villa Giusti 9742:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 9667: 9569: 9496: 9397: 9354:First Battle of the Marne 9301: 9263: 9198: 9189: 9132: 9006: 8995: 8961: 8933: 8895: 8847: 8800: 8793: 8720: 8525:Medlock, Chelsea Autumn: 8486:, The Lusitania Resource. 8480:, The Lusitania Resource. 8468:The Sunday Times, (2008) 8301:Martin, Michael. (2014). 7851:Defence of the Realm Acts 7672:. ABC-CLIO. p. 114. 7441:. McFarland. p. 69. 6879:International Law Studies 6119:Ponsonby, Arthur (2005). 5519:. 8 May 1915. p. 1. 5260:. 9 May 1915. p. 4. 4973:, 1981, William Collins, 4415:Imperial German Embassy. 4401:My Three Years in America 4230:, pp. 74–82, 91–101. 3772:Oceaneering International 3026:A majority of Kim Izzo's 2797:New Quay Lifeboat Station 2600:British propaganda poster 2502:, 1917 cartoon depicting 2304:Wilson, Lansing and Bryan 2050:German Colonial Secretary 1953: 1833:before his ship was sunk. 1645:Frances McIntosh Stephens 1571:Newport News Shipbuilding 1416:Thomas B. Jeffery Company 1339:, 59. Captain of the RMS 350:was kept in check by the 228:against it and the other 139: 123: 84: 69: 61: 53: 38: 14296:1915 disasters in Europe 13769:Shakespearean authorship 13747:Shadow government claims 13550:Election denial movement 13446:Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet 11890:Diana, Princess of Wales 11441:Psychological projection 11424:Mass psychogenic illness 10637:Constantinople Agreement 9930:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 9793:Co-belligerent conflicts 9762:Second Romanian campaign 9732:Third Transjordan attack 9443:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 9349:Battle of Grand Couronné 8503:Protasio, John. (2011). 8396:Ritter, Gerhard (1972). 8350:Preston, Diana. (2002). 8287:. Mercier. p. 192. 8236:Layton, J. Kent (2010). 8138:Beesly, Patrick (1982). 7378:Preston, Diana (2002a). 7217:Layton, J. Kent (2007). 6029:Robert V. Banks (1969). 5983:Protasio, John. (2011). 5373:Link, Arthur S. (1960). 5041:"The Lusitania Resource" 4881:Linnihan, Ellen (2005). 4260:, by Diana Preston, and 4118:. Greenwood. p. 9. 3376:Many survivors from the 3251:Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 3153:, on their second album 3080: 2649:Defence of the Realm Act 2537:Henning von Holtzendorff 2210:("Business Above All"). 2172:and in August 1915, the 1925:Defence of the Realm Act 1723:Westminster Palace Hotel 1719:Westminster Central Hall 1655:Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt 1602:Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt 1523:William Broderick Cloete 13886:Conspiracy Encyclopedia 13880:Argument from ignorance 13580:Philadelphia Experiment 13199:Avro Arrow cancellation 13024:Denial of mass killings 12706:COVID-19 and xenophobia 12190:Free energy suppression 11373:Urban legends and myths 11298:power behind the throne 10700:Modus vivendi of Acroma 10652:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 9960:Greater Poland Uprising 9860:National Protection War 9737:Meuse–Argonne offensive 9687:German spring offensive 9682:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 9458:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 9433:Second Battle of Artois 9314:Battle of the Frontiers 8464:. Book club associates. 8460:Simpson, Colin (1972). 8379:Lusitania Saga and Myth 8358:Preston, Diana (2002). 8259:. Amberley Publishing. 8109:Exploring the Lusitania 8039:Advanced Diver Magazine 6838:F. Cyril James (1927). 6531:The Dallas Morning News 5939:. Conway. p. 137. 5710:Jeanette Keith (2004). 5670:"Lusitania was Unarmed" 5619:"Lusitania was unarmed" 2882:Software and multimedia 2807: 2789:Sheriff of Bedfordshire 2553:German spring offensive 2472:. Newspaper cartoon by 2331:In contrast, Counselor 2181:Karl Goetz (Medailleur) 1639:Frederick Stark Pearson 1510: 1055:had begun to submerge. 712:radio direction finding 583:Imperial German Embassy 378: 47:German Federal Archives 14326:History of County Cork 13924:Historical negationism 13353:Operation Sledgehammer 13119:Cow vigilante violence 12811:during the Black Death 11990:Great Kantō earthquake 11860:GEC-Marconi scientists 11806:Martin Luther King Jr. 11569:Lake Michigan Triangle 11538:Black Knight satellite 11399:Communal reinforcement 11313:Political conspiracies 10725:Paris Peace Conference 10713:Ukraine–Central Powers 10507:Massacres of Albanians 10475:Late Ottoman genocides 10282:Bulgarian occupations 9990:Third Anglo-Afghan War 9954:Hungarian–Romanian War 9772:Naval Victory Bulletin 9767:Armistice with Germany 9717:Hundred Days Offensive 9644:Battle of La Malmaison 9594:Second battle of Arras 9561:Battle of Transylvania 9415:Second Battle of Ypres 9283:Sarajevo assassination 9172:South African Republic 8624:"The Home Port of RMS 8599:Encyclopedia Americana 8377:Ramsay, David (2001). 8283:Molony, Senan (2004). 8276:The Great Ocean Liners 8255:J Kent Layton (2010). 7994:Bailey & Ryan 1975 7940:King & Wilson 2015 7916:Bailey & Ryan 1975 7838:Bailey & Ryan 1975 7706:"The Home Port of RMS 7070:The Lusitania Resource 7066:"The Second Explosion" 7005:Bailey & Ryan 1975 6788:The Music Trade Review 6606:Butler, David (1982). 6172:"More Schrectlichkeit" 6063:The Conning of America 5545:Jones, Howard (2001). 5224:Bailey & Ryan 1975 5145:Bailey & Ryan 1975 5124:Bailey & Ryan 1975 5067:The Lusitania Resource 4787:Bailey & Ryan 1975 4775:Bailey & Ryan 1975 4707:Bailey & Ryan 1975 4648:Bailey & Ryan 1975 4632:The Lusitania Resource 4608:Bailey & Ryan 1975 4536:Molony, Senan (2004). 4434:Bailey & Ryan 1975 4417:"Notice to travellers" 4151:(2010, Amberley Books) 4114:Watson, Bruce (2006). 4051:King & Wilson 2015 3877:The Lusitania Resource 3726: 3695:anti-submarine warfare 3608: 3501: 3424: 3373: 3294: 3272:The Lusitania Disaster 3260: 3250: 3238: 3232: 3212:and influenced by the 3129:The Music Trade Review 3114:In The Sweet By and By 2991:, is displayed at the 2944: 2894: 2836: 2766: 2721: 2694:Harry Gordon Selfridge 2507: 2477: 2443:German policy reversal 2409: 2358: 2325:William Jennings Bryan 2320: 2293: 2257: 2230: 2166: 2119:Kölnische Volkszeitung 2056:, made a statement in 1949:International reaction 1903: 1870: 1854: 1834: 1783: 1717:and took place in the 1710: 1604: 1556:Edwin Augustus Stevens 1500:RMS Empress of Ireland 1462:, 34. Mining engineer. 1359: 1322: 1200: 1143:The track of Lusitania 1081: 1036:sent out an immediate 1017: 991: 935: 919: 863: 688: 651: 628: 588: 560: 407: 310:Armed Merchant Cruiser 14366:Shipwrecks of Ireland 13652:Stab-in-the-back myth 13456:Clockwork Orange plot 12984:Bihar human sacrifice 12915:Stab-in-the-back myth 12738:German POWs post-WWII 12620:Germ theory denialism 12615:Electronic harassment 12336:Smolensk air disaster 12300:Oklahoma City bombing 12178:Climate change denial 11966:Accidents / disasters 11902:Nepalese royal family 11389:Attitude polarization 10860:by region and country 10735:Treaty of St. Germain 10708:Russia–Central Powers 10662:Sykes–Picot Agreement 10490:Pontic Greek genocide 10465:Destruction of Kalisz 10441:Eastern Mediterranean 10002:Polish–Lithuanian War 9784:Armistice of Belgrade 9747:Armistice of Salonica 9677:Operation Faustschlag 9624:Third Battle of Oituz 9546:Baranovichi offensive 9514:Lake Naroch offensive 9488:Battle of Robat Karim 9463:Vistula–Bug offensive 9438:Battles of the Isonzo 9369:First Battle of Ypres 8580:Encyclopedia Titanica 8572:"Lest We Forget: The 8564:European Film Gateway 8527:Lusitania, Sinking of 8489:Droste, C.L. (1972). 8453:The Lusitania Sinking 8212:Larson, Erik (2015). 7849:Regulation 18 of the 7621:Larson, Erik (2015). 7523:The Churchill Project 6751:Encyclopedia Titanica 6408:"Lusitania Propeller" 6365:"Lusitania Propeller" 4587:The National Archives 4191:The National Archives 3774:in 1982 for display. 3717: 3602: 3492: 3477:to contain flooding. 3418: 3367: 3326:, sister ship to the 3281: 3256: 3246:Admiral Hugo von Pohl 3230: 3184:Tropics and Meridians 3051:David Butler's novel 2930: 2889: 2824: 2764: 2751:Lusitania May 7, 1915 2719: 2521:Declaration of London 2498: 2468: 2383: 2353: 2315: 2284: 2253: 2225: 2208:"Geschäft Über Alles" 2146: 1901: 1868: 1849: 1828: 1778: 1708: 1600: 1517:Thomas O'Brien Butler 1355: 1337:William Thomas Turner 1316: 1195: 1147:William Lionel Wyllie 1079: 1011: 986: 925: 914: 849: 714:. The submarine left 683: 646: 619: 569: 558: 534:William Thomas Turner 397: 13723:Dead Internet theory 13224:Daktari Ranch affair 13009:Trojan Horse scandal 12387:anti-gender movement 12367:Gender and sexuality 12324:Madrid train bombing 12270:Lufthansa Flight 615 11950:Sushant Singh Rajput 11490:Apollo Moon landings 11394:Cognitive dissonance 10730:Treaty of Versailles 10446:Mount Lebanon famine 10361:in the United States 10329:Russian occupations 10043:Turkish–Armenian War 9984:Polish–Ukrainian War 9924:Ukrainian–Soviet War 9871:Central Asian Revolt 9654:Armistice of Focșani 9384:Battle of Sarikamish 9334:Battle of Tannenberg 8730:Military engagements 8673:Animated documentary 8652:"The Sinking of the 8640:"RMS Lusitania Home" 7760:BBC History Magazine 7525:. 24 September 2020. 7109:cunardshipwrecks.com 7016:Ritter, pp. 123, 173 6623:Joshi, S.T. (1981). 6561:HarperCollins Canada 6506:on 24 September 2015 6444:oldheadofkinsale.com 6094:. ABC-CLIO. p. 5004:"The Lusitania Case" 4989:Bernd Langensiepen: 4842:"RMS Lusitania Home" 4676:. The Great Big Move 4589:in Kew, Richmond, UK 3758:is reduced with the 3360:The second explosion 3106:Orchestral Set No. 2 3016:The Secret Adversary 2997:Halifax, Nova Scotia 2825:American cartoonist 2490:Erich von Falkenhayn 1853:, solicitor general. 1735:Frederick Inglefield 1448:Theodate Pope Riddle 1364:Oliver Percy Bernard 1267:Church of St Multose 536:, who had commanded 446:In the next voyage, 207:Imperial German Navy 186:class=notpageimage| 127:Torpedoed by German 14346:Mass murder in 1915 14316:Conspiracy theories 13797:Redemption movement 13565:Georgia Guidestones 12848:Cultural Bolshevism 12487:Soy and masculinity 12149:Energy, environment 12053:EgyptAir Flight 990 11794:Lal Bahadur Shastri 11764:Subhas Chandra Bose 11238:Conspiracy theories 10797:They shall not pass 10720:Treaty of Bucharest 10677:Treaty of Bucharest 10616:USA against Germany 10593:Declarations of war 10297:German occupations 10210:British casualties 10069:Soviet–Georgian War 9996:Egyptian Revolution 9936:Armeno-Georgian War 9800:Somaliland campaign 9752:Armistice of Mudros 9629:Battle of Caporetto 9619:Battle of Mărășești 9589:Zimmermann telegram 9584:February Revolution 9529:Battle of the Somme 9453:Bug-Narew Offensive 9428:Battle of Gallipoli 9420:Sinking of the RMS 9212:Scramble for Africa 9206:Franco-Prussian War 8862:Sinai and Palestine 8656:: Original reports" 8320:The Lusitania story 7996:, pp. 158–161. 7918:, pp. 102–113. 7536:Nimrod Tal (2018). 7185:. pp. 194–195. 7156:The Daily Telegraph 7136:, pp. 130–139. 7007:, pp. 53, 330. 6935:, pp. 126–129. 6807:Library of Congress 6557:"Seven Days in May" 5974:, pp. 166–173. 5962:, pp. 580–585. 5922:, pp. 147–150. 5907:, pp. 132–133. 5882:. 28 November 2010. 5855:. 28 November 2010. 5839:, pp. 124–125. 5824:, pp. 114–115. 5811:. 28 November 2010. 5797:, pp. 110–125. 5772:America's Great War 5590:, pp. 143–144. 5578:, pp. 140–147. 5484:Emile Henry Lacombe 5377:. pp. 398–399. 5358:(1994) pp. 157–158 5159:The Lusitania Story 5126:, pp. 210–212. 5043:. Rmslusitania.info 4777:, pp. 150–161. 4610:, pp. 135–142. 4585:: PhotoCopies from 4404:. pp. 136–140. 4288:Preston, D. (2002) 4013:Library of Congress 3973:Preston, D (2003). 3677:Other controversies 2910:being developed by 2871:National Geographic 2131:Frankfurter Zeitung 1681:Cork county coroner 1591:Alice Moore Hubbard 1539:Justus Miles Forman 1442:Frederick Orr-Lewis 1001:s torpedo officer, 866:By 05:00 on 7 May, 789:fired a torpedo at 783:Old Head of Kinsale 773:stopped a merchant 708:wireless intercepts 406:is second from left 218:Old Head of Kinsale 193:on a map of Ireland 104: / 78:Old Head of Kinsale 35: 31:Sinking of the RMS 13892:Conspiracy fiction 13802:Sovereign citizens 13555:FBI secret society 13540:Clinton body count 13360:Gezi Park protests 13325:Ukraine bioweapons 13124:Greater Bangladesh 12866:Judeo-Masonic plot 12663:Water fluoridation 12630:HIV/AIDS denialism 12377:Alpha / beta males 12276:Widerøe Flight 933 11746:Władysław Sikorski 11485:Ancient astronauts 10757:Treaty of Lausanne 10672:Paris Economy Pact 10606:UK against Germany 10536:Entry into the war 10502:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 10221:Ottoman casualties 10031:Franco-Turkish War 9911:Post-War conflicts 9895:Russian Revolution 9877:Invasion of Darfur 9842:Kelantan rebellion 9830:Kurdish rebellions 9806:Mexican Revolution 9639:October Revolution 9604:Kerensky offensive 9579:Capture of Baghdad 9556:Monastir offensive 9541:Brusilov offensive 9379:Battle of Kolubara 9218:Russo-Japanese War 8544:TitanicInquiry.org 8491:The Lusitania Case 8240:. Amberley Books. 7861:The London Gazette 7791:"Lusitania Rising" 7316:. pp. 188–89. 6234:The London Gazette 5517:The New York Times 5460:Burns, G. (2003). 5403:"Karl Xaver Goetz" 5257:The New York Times 5226:, p. 217-221. 5135:Ramsay pp. 147–149 5114:Ramsay pp. 140–146 5087:Ramsay pp. 126–128 4736:Beesly pp. 84–85 ( 4659:Beesly pp. 104–105 4598:Beesly pp. 103–104 4368:Dow Family History 4344:, p. 366–367. 4332:, p. 355–357. 3879:. 12 December 2010 3727: 3630:, involved in the 3609: 3603:Workers producing 3502: 3425: 3406:claiming otherwise 3374: 3295: 3233: 3074:Listen to the Moon 2945: 2895: 2843:Animation pioneer 2837: 2767: 2749:monogram. Legend: 2722: 2525:Alfred von Tirpitz 2508: 2478: 2359: 2321: 2231: 2227:The New York Times 2113:Berliner Tageblatt 1977:Kaiserliche Marine 1904: 1871: 1855: 1835: 1784: 1711: 1676:Official inquiries 1669:Lothrop Withington 1605: 1431:Margaret Mackworth 1412:Charles T. Jeffery 1380:Josephine Brandell 1360: 1323: 1309:Notable passengers 1284:and imprisoned at 1201: 1082: 1018: 936: 920: 864: 689: 676:Submarine activity 652: 629: 561: 408: 254:launched a single 30: 14311:Conflicts in 1915 14278: 14277: 13973: 13972: 13969: 13968: 13860: 13859: 13856: 13855: 13838:Birds Aren't Real 13703: 13702: 13699: 13698: 13695: 13694: 13525:Black helicopters 13436:Mano Negra affair 13406:Itavia Flight 870 13343:2016 coup attempt 13247:In the Arab world 13179: 13089: 13088: 13085: 13084: 13077:Serbs during WWII 12994:Great Replacement 12852:Jewish Bolshevism 12768:War against Islam 12747:Product labeling 12716:French Revolution 12676: 12675: 12515:5G misinformation 12495: 12494: 12357: 12356: 12312:advance knowledge 12294:Pan Am Flight 103 12208: 12207: 12138: 12137: 12134: 12133: 12082:Yemenite children 11812:Robert F. Kennedy 11788:Lee Harvey Oswald 11770:Johnny Stompanato 11687: 11686: 11683: 11682: 11679: 11678: 11640:Aztec, New Mexico 11543:Cryptoterrestrial 11453: 11452: 11449: 11448: 11404:Confirmation bias 11204: 11203: 10913:Southern Rhodesia 10908:South West Africa 10823: 10822: 10806: 10805: 10790:The Golden Virgin 10784:Mutilated victory 10765: 10764: 10745:Treaty of Trianon 10740:Treaty of Neuilly 10647:Damascus Protocol 10520: 10519: 10480:Armenian genocide 10437:Allied blockades 10409:Belgian refugees 10192: 10191: 10102:Strategic bombing 10078: 10077: 10063:Franco-Syrian War 10037:Greco-Turkish War 10025:Anglo-Turkish War 10008:Polish–Soviet War 9942:German Revolution 9918:Russian Civil War 9901:Finnish Civil War 9727:Battle of Megiddo 9702:Battle of Goychay 9649:Battle of Cambrai 9609:Battle of Mărăști 9524:Battle of Jutland 9504:Erzurum offensive 9359:Siege of Przemyśl 9339:Siege of Tsingtao 9324:Battle of Galicia 9254:Second Balkan War 9242:Italo-Turkish War 9199:Pre-War conflicts 9185: 9184: 9075:Portuguese Empire 8991: 8990: 8953:German New Guinea 8935:Asian and Pacific 8616:RMSLusitania.info 8550:on 30 April 2007. 8513:978-1-935149-45-3 8499:978-0-85059-097-5 8484:Facts and Figures 8435:978-0-9633946-0-6 8416:978-0-7524-5203-6 8388:978-1-86176-170-5 8329:978-0-85052-902-9 8294:978-1-85635-452-3 8266:978-1-84868-835-3 8247:978-1-84868-834-6 8225:978-0-307-40886-0 8204:978-1-250-05254-4 8174:American Heritage 8073:978-1-4791-1573-0 7930:, pp. 94–95. 7679:978-1-59884-078-0 7634:978-0-307-40886-0 7505:history.state.gov 7448:978-1-4766-6583-2 7352:978-0-7808-0921-5 7270:on 10 March 2009. 6956:978-0-87021-607-7 6919:978-0-7190-0615-9 6820:Stuart, Herbert. 6734:978-0-7145-0953-2 6642:978-0-87338-248-9 6582:"The Glass Ocean" 6500:The Southern Star 6396:. 19 August 2012. 6301:978-0-520-00411-5 6209:. BBC. 6 May 2010 6155:978-0-7200-0444-1 6130:978-1-4179-2421-9 6105:978-1-57607-820-4 6072:978-90-420-1475-6 6015:978-0-19-917167-5 5993:978-1-935149-45-3 5946:978-0-85177-245-5 5781:978-0-8476-9645-1 5729:978-0-8078-7589-6 5652:978-0-521-55864-8 5562:978-0-8420-2918-6 5344:. pp. 205–6. 5238:, pp. 36–57. 5168:978-0-85052-902-9 4931:978-0-8135-3231-8 4916:Millicent Fenwick 4898:978-1-56254-830-8 4819:978-0-87586-383-2 4547:978-1-85635-452-3 4526:Beesly pp. 99–100 4504:Layton, J. Kent: 4471:978-1-473-82176-7 4436:, pp. 70–71. 4172:978-1-85109-420-2 4147:Layton, J. Kent. 4125:978-0-275-98827-2 4073:10.15760/etd.2489 3984:978-0-552-99886-4 3912:rmslusitania.info 3655:Dupont de Nemours 3632:Halifax explosion 3533:Winston Churchill 3518:Winston Churchill 3304:herself had sunk 3028:Seven Days in May 2971:in Dallas, Texas. 2822: 2731:Statue of Liberty 2696:at the behest of 2671:Walter Hines Page 2585:in the background 2200:"KEINE BANNWARE!" 2046:Bernhard Dernburg 1798:Winston Churchill 1747:Solicitor General 1659:Vanderbilt family 1564:Millicent Fenwick 1466:Gwynn Parry Jones 1034:wireless operator 926:The fishing boat 704:Walther Schwieger 617: 505:Thrasher incident 314:British Admiralty 252:Walther Schwieger 159: 158: 14373: 14270: 14265: 14253: 14245: 14229: 14219: 14209: 14199: 14178: 14168: 14152: 14134: 14123: 14113: 14096: 14085: 14075: 14054: 14044: 14034: 14000: 13993: 13986: 13977: 13976: 13907:pseudoskepticism 13866: 13865: 13775: 13774: 13709: 13708: 13660: 13659: 13545:Cultural Marxism 13177: 13106: 13105: 13095: 13094: 12895:Killing of Jesus 12843:Committee of 300 12826:Holocaust denial 12779: 12778: 12763:Tartarian Empire 12733: 12724: 12701:CERN ritual hoax 12696:Bhagwa Love Trap 12682: 12681: 12635:origins theories 12520:Anti-vaccination 12501: 12500: 12451:Transvestigation 12363: 12362: 12214: 12213: 12144: 12143: 12104:Body double hoax 11938:Alejandro Castro 11836:Pope John Paul I 11818:Salvador Allende 11752:Benito Mussolini 11704: 11703: 11693: 11692: 11646:Southern England 11604: 11603: 11547:Extraterrestrial 11516: 11515: 11478:Nibiru cataclysm 11459: 11458: 11414:Locus of control 11368:Secret societies 11266: 11265: 11255: 11254: 11231: 11224: 11217: 11208: 11207: 10850: 10843: 10836: 10827: 10826: 10750:Treaty of Sèvres 10642:Treaty of London 10533: 10532: 10311:Northeast France 10242: 10241: 10214:Parliamentarians 10147: 10146: 10109:Chemical weapons 10087: 10086: 9848:Senussi campaign 9818:Muscat rebellion 9812:Maritz rebellion 9780: 9722:Vardar offensive 9551:Battle of Romani 9519:Battle of Asiago 9509:Battle of Verdun 9473:Kosovo offensive 9248:First Balkan War 9196: 9195: 9095:Russian Republic 9004: 9003: 8798: 8797: 8740:Economic history 8707: 8700: 8693: 8684: 8683: 8663: 8647: 8635: 8619: 8603: 8595: 8583: 8567: 8551: 8546:. Archived from 8465: 8442:Simpson, Colin. 8439: 8420: 8401: 8392: 8373: 8333: 8314: 8298: 8270: 8251: 8229: 8208: 8189: 8176:(June 1954) 6#3 8157:Ellis, Edward R. 8153: 8129:Internet Archive 8126: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8023: 8012: 8011: 8003: 7997: 7991: 7985: 7984: 7976: 7970: 7964: 7955: 7949: 7943: 7937: 7931: 7925: 7919: 7913: 7907: 7901: 7895: 7892: 7886: 7885: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7847: 7841: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7821: 7815: 7809: 7803: 7802: 7797:. Archived from 7786: 7780: 7779: 7774: 7772: 7751: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7740: 7724: 7718: 7717: 7702: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7664:Danver, Steven L 7660: 7654: 7653: 7645: 7639: 7638: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7587: 7576: 7570: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7497: 7491: 7488: 7482: 7481: 7473: 7467: 7466: 7465:. 26 March 2011. 7459: 7453: 7452: 7432: 7426: 7425: 7417: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7403: 7375: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7345:. OMNIGRAPHICS. 7336: 7330: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7308: 7302: 7296: 7287: 7281: 7272: 7271: 7266:. Archived from 7256: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7234: 7225: 7215: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7153: 7146: 7137: 7131: 7120: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7091:titanicandco.com 7083: 7074: 7073: 7072:. 26 March 2011. 7062: 7051: 7050: 7042: 7029: 7023: 7017: 7014: 7008: 7002: 6996: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6976: 6970: 6967: 6961: 6960: 6942: 6936: 6930: 6924: 6923: 6903: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6835: 6826: 6825: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6798: 6792: 6791: 6785: 6777: 6771: 6770: 6761: 6755: 6754: 6753:. Gare Maritime. 6742: 6736: 6726: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6672: 6666: 6665: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6630: 6620: 6614: 6613: 6603: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6533:. Archived from 6522: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6502:. Archived from 6492: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6481: 6466: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6446:. Archived from 6436: 6430: 6429: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6404: 6398: 6397: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6340: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6285: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6259:on 22 March 2016 6255:. Archived from 6245: 6239: 6238: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6203: 6197: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6176: 6167: 6161: 6159: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6093: 6083: 6077: 6076: 6058: 6049: 6048: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6001: 5995: 5981: 5975: 5969: 5963: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5932: 5923: 5917: 5908: 5902: 5896: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5849: 5840: 5834: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5804: 5798: 5792: 5786: 5785: 5767: 5761: 5760: 5753: 5747: 5742:Gilbert, Martin 5740: 5734: 5733: 5717: 5707: 5701: 5700: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5674: 5666: 5657: 5656: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5623: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5573: 5567: 5566: 5542: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5493: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5472:on 3 March 2012. 5457: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5434:. Archived from 5424: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5370: 5359: 5354:Gilbert, Martin 5352: 5346: 5345: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5281: 5275: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5253: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5182: 5173: 5172: 5154: 5148: 5142: 5136: 5133: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5112: 5106: 5103: 5097: 5094: 5088: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5059: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5000: 4994: 4987: 4981: 4967: 4961: 4958: 4952: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4919: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4840:J. Kent Layton. 4837: 4824: 4823: 4805: 4799: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4754: 4745: 4734: 4728: 4725: 4719: 4716: 4710: 4704: 4695: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4666: 4660: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4636: 4635: 4634:. 26 March 2011. 4624: 4611: 4605: 4599: 4596: 4590: 4572: 4561: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4518: 4515: 4509: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4480: 4474: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4395: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4370:. Archived from 4360: 4354: 4351: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4299: 4293: 4286: 4277: 4271: 4265: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4246:. 26 March 2011. 4240: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4158: 4152: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4033: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4000: 3989: 3988: 3970: 3923: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3904: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3867: 3722:on the wreck of 3720:ship's telegraph 3639:Steven L. Danver 3433: 3318:White Star Liner 3253: 3243: 3140:Columbia Records 3136:Charles McCarron 3070:Michael Morpurgo 3042:Beatriz Williams 2823: 2647:. Thanks to the 2624: 2609: 2594: 2578:Sword of Justice 2572: 2449:SS Arabic (1902) 2407: 2406:President Wilson 2375:Konstantin Dumba 2189: 2164: 2127: 2074: 2036: 2020: 2008: 1988: 1964: 1820: 1739:Attorney General 1633:Basil W. Maturin 1562:, and mother of 1560:Ogden H. Hammond 1478:George Beauchamp 1473:H. Montagu Allan 1396:Ogden H. Hammond 1258: 1238: 1218: 1177: 1157: 1139: 1103: 1063: 1050: 1031: 1003:Raimund Weisbach 1000: 917:Norman Wilkinson 895:was the cruiser 753: 626: 618: 584: 578: 573: 174: 173: 167: 119: 118: 116: 115: 114: 109: 108:51.417°N 8.550°W 105: 102: 101: 100: 97: 43: 36: 29: 14381: 14380: 14376: 14375: 14374: 14372: 14371: 14370: 14351:May 1915 events 14291:1915 in Ireland 14281: 14280: 14279: 14274: 14257: 14232: 14222: 14212: 14202: 14192: 14186:Other incidents 14181: 14171: 14155: 14137: 14126: 14116: 14099: 14088: 14078: 14057: 14047: 14037: 14020: 14007: 14004: 13974: 13965: 13897:Conspirituality 13871: 13852: 13816: 13807:Strawman theory 13773: 13714: 13691: 13658: 13619:Saddam–al-Qaeda 13595:Project Azorian 13575:Montauk Project 13477: 13461:Elm Guest House 13422:Roman Republic 13376: 13365:Sèvres syndrome 13329: 13288: 13235: 13204:Leuchter report 13176: 13170: 13100: 13081: 13022: 13019:Genocide denial 13013: 12965: 12919: 12905:New World Order 12777: 12729: 12718: 12687: 12672: 12542:in chiropractic 12506: 12491: 12458:Finger pinching 12446:litter box hoax 12412:HIV/AIDS stigma 12368: 12353: 12330:London bombings 12222: 12204: 12151: 12150: 12130: 12099: 12064: 12008:Lost Cosmonauts 11961: 11944:Jeffrey Epstein 11920:Osama bin Laden 11896:Alois Estermann 11782:John F. Kennedy 11728:Louis Le Prince 11711: 11698: 11675: 11602: 11528:Alien abduction 11514: 11473:2012 phenomenon 11464: 11445: 11377: 11260: 11249: 11240: 11235: 11205: 11200: 11179: 11036:Austria-Hungary 11019: 10948: 10917: 10861: 10854: 10824: 10819: 10802: 10761: 10693: 10686: 10657:Treaty of Darin 10625: 10587: 10543:Austria-Hungary 10529: 10516: 10497:Rape of Belgium 10424: 10396: 10344: 10338:Western Armenia 10333:Eastern Galicia 10266: 10240: 10204: 10203:Civilian impact 10202: 10188: 10145: 10074: 9906: 9836:Ovambo Uprising 9788: 9774: 9663: 9565: 9492: 9410:Battle of Łomża 9393: 9389:Christmas truce 9364:Race to the Sea 9297: 9259: 9181: 9152:Austria-Hungary 9128: 9063:Empire of Japan 9000: 8998: 8987: 8971:U-boat campaign 8957: 8929: 8891: 8843: 8789: 8770:Popular culture 8716: 8711: 8650: 8644:Atlantic Liners 8638: 8622: 8606: 8586: 8570: 8554: 8538: 8522: 8517: 8436: 8417: 8389: 8370: 8330: 8295: 8267: 8248: 8226: 8205: 8170:Handlin, Oscar. 8150: 8059: 8057:Further reading 8054: 8044: 8042: 8024: 8015: 8004: 8000: 7992: 7988: 7977: 7973: 7965: 7958: 7950: 7946: 7938: 7934: 7928:O'Sullivan 2000 7926: 7922: 7914: 7910: 7902: 7898: 7893: 7889: 7874: 7873: 7869: 7848: 7844: 7836: 7832: 7823: 7822: 7818: 7810: 7806: 7801:on 31 May 2009. 7787: 7783: 7770: 7768: 7753: 7752: 7748: 7738: 7736: 7725: 7721: 7704: 7703: 7699: 7689: 7687: 7680: 7661: 7657: 7646: 7642: 7635: 7619: 7615: 7605: 7603: 7588:s Secret Cargo" 7585: 7577: 7573: 7565: 7561: 7534: 7530: 7517: 7516: 7512: 7499: 7498: 7494: 7490:Tirpitz, p. 308 7489: 7485: 7480:. 3 April 1915. 7476: 7474: 7470: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7449: 7433: 7429: 7418: 7411: 7401: 7399: 7392: 7376: 7372: 7362: 7360: 7353: 7337: 7333: 7325: 7321: 7309: 7305: 7297: 7290: 7282: 7275: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7243: 7241: 7236: 7235: 7228: 7216: 7212: 7202: 7200: 7195: 7194: 7190: 7179: 7175: 7165: 7163: 7158:. 1 July 2012. 7148: 7147: 7140: 7134:O'Sullivan 2000 7132: 7123: 7113: 7111: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7085: 7084: 7077: 7064: 7063: 7054: 7043: 7032: 7028:, pp. 161. 7024: 7020: 7015: 7011: 7003: 6999: 6991: 6987: 6978: 6977: 6973: 6968: 6964: 6957: 6943: 6939: 6931: 6927: 6920: 6894: 6890: 6875: 6871: 6856:10.2307/3307534 6836: 6829: 6818: 6814: 6799: 6795: 6783: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6743: 6739: 6727: 6723: 6713: 6711: 6702: 6701: 6697: 6687: 6685: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6621: 6617: 6604: 6600: 6590: 6588: 6580: 6579: 6575: 6565: 6563: 6555: 6554: 6550: 6540: 6538: 6537:on 4 March 2016 6523: 6519: 6509: 6507: 6494: 6493: 6489: 6479: 6477: 6467: 6463: 6453: 6451: 6450:on 14 June 2021 6438: 6437: 6433: 6420: 6419: 6415: 6410:. 10 June 2013. 6406: 6405: 6401: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6373: 6371: 6363: 6362: 6358: 6348: 6346: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6327: 6325: 6321:The Independent 6314: 6313: 6309: 6302: 6276: 6272: 6262: 6260: 6247: 6246: 6242: 6226: 6222: 6212: 6210: 6205: 6204: 6200: 6194:Catalogue entry 6192: 6188: 6174: 6168: 6164: 6156: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6117: 6113: 6106: 6084: 6080: 6073: 6059: 6052: 6043: 6042: 6038: 6027: 6023: 6016: 6002: 5998: 5982: 5978: 5970: 5966: 5958: 5954: 5947: 5933: 5926: 5918: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5895:, pp. 121. 5891: 5887: 5878: 5876: 5872: 5864: 5860: 5851: 5850: 5843: 5835: 5828: 5820: 5816: 5807: 5805: 5801: 5793: 5789: 5782: 5768: 5764: 5755: 5754: 5750: 5744:First World War 5741: 5737: 5730: 5708: 5704: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5660: 5653: 5639: 5635: 5621: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5588:Bernstorff 1920 5586: 5582: 5576:Bernstorff 1920 5574: 5570: 5563: 5543: 5536: 5526: 5524: 5511: 5510: 5506: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5487: 5481: 5477: 5458: 5451: 5441: 5439: 5438:on 25 July 2015 5426: 5425: 5421: 5411: 5409: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5391:. 13 July 1915. 5387: 5386: 5382: 5371: 5362: 5356:First World War 5353: 5349: 5340:Ernest K. May. 5338: 5334: 5320: 5316: 5303: 5299: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5251: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5236:Bernstorff 1920 5234: 5230: 5222: 5218: 5210: 5206: 5198: 5194: 5183: 5176: 5169: 5155: 5151: 5143: 5139: 5134: 5130: 5122: 5118: 5113: 5109: 5104: 5100: 5095: 5091: 5086: 5082: 5072: 5070: 5061: 5060: 5056: 5046: 5044: 5037: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5016: 5015: 5011: 5002: 5001: 4997: 4988: 4984: 4968: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4943: 4939: 4932: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4884:Stranded at Sea 4879: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4854: 4853: 4849: 4838: 4827: 4820: 4806: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4789:, pp. 148. 4785: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4756: 4755: 4748: 4735: 4731: 4726: 4722: 4717: 4713: 4709:, pp. 225. 4705: 4698: 4693: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4658: 4654: 4646: 4639: 4626: 4625: 4614: 4606: 4602: 4597: 4593: 4573: 4564: 4559: 4555: 4548: 4534: 4530: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4512: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4462: 4458: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4432: 4428: 4413: 4409: 4396: 4387: 4377: 4375: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4340: 4336: 4328: 4324: 4315: 4311: 4300: 4296: 4287: 4280: 4272: 4268: 4256:Referred to in 4255: 4251: 4242: 4241: 4234: 4226: 4222: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4173: 4159: 4155: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4112: 4105: 4095: 4093: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4061: 4057: 4049: 4045: 4034: 4027: 4017: 4015: 4007: 4001: 3992: 3985: 3971: 3926: 3916: 3914: 3906: 3905: 3892: 3882: 3880: 3871: 3868: 3857: 3853: 3799: 3712: 3679: 3597: 3522:Walter Runciman 3487: 3431: 3362: 3345:English Channel 3264:Gustav Bachmann 3198: 3193: 3182:from the album 3083: 3038:The Glass Ocean 3011:Agatha Christie 3006: 2925: 2923:Wreck artefacts 2903:is an upcoming 2884: 2812: 2810: 2805: 2803:Cultural legacy 2759: 2683:James W. Gerard 2662:. According to 2641: 2640: 2639: 2636: 2625: 2616: 2610: 2601: 2595: 2586: 2573: 2561: 2486:Gustav Bachmann 2451: 2445: 2408: 2405: 2306: 2220: 2183: 2165: 2162: 2142:James W. Gerard 2121: 2098:Austria-Hungary 2072: 2040: 2037: 2028: 2021: 2012: 2009: 2000: 1989: 1980: 1965: 1956: 1951: 1896: 1818: 1770:Clement Edwards 1703: 1683: 1678: 1545:Charles Frohman 1513: 1368:Scenic designer 1328: 1311: 1282:court-martialed 1256: 1236: 1216: 1188: 1178: 1169: 1158: 1149: 1140: 1101: 1061: 1048: 1029: 998: 909: 872:boarding vessel 751: 700:Kapitänleutnant 697:, commanded by 678: 664:Thus, when the 624: 608: 606: 601: 585: 582: 581: 576: 575: 571: 513:Gustav Bachmann 381: 302: 296:U-boat campaign 292: 248:Kapitänleutnant 214:First World War 196: 195: 194: 189:Sinking of RMS 188: 182: 181: 180: 179: 175: 155: 112: 110: 106: 103: 98: 95: 93: 91: 90: 49: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14379: 14369: 14368: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14276: 14275: 14237: 14234: 14233: 14231: 14230: 14220: 14210: 14200: 14189: 14187: 14183: 14182: 14180: 14179: 14169: 14153: 14149:Princess Irene 14135: 14124: 14114: 14110:Peleng-i Derya 14097: 14086: 14076: 14055: 14045: 14035: 14017: 14015: 14009: 14008: 14003: 14002: 13995: 13988: 13980: 13971: 13970: 13967: 13966: 13964: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13951:Radicalization 13948: 13947: 13946: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13919:Fringe science 13916: 13914:Falsifiability 13911: 13910: 13909: 13899: 13894: 13889: 13882: 13876: 13873: 13872: 13862: 13861: 13858: 13857: 13854: 13853: 13851: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13824: 13822: 13818: 13817: 13815: 13814: 13812:Tax protesters 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13783: 13781: 13772: 13771: 13766: 13765: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13744: 13742:New chronology 13735: 13730: 13725: 13719: 13716: 13715: 13705: 13704: 13701: 13700: 13697: 13696: 13693: 13692: 13690: 13689: 13687:Stop the Steal 13684: 13679: 13674: 13668: 13666: 13657: 13656: 13655: 13654: 13642: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13621: 13616: 13615: 13614: 13607: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13516: 13515: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13487: 13485: 13479: 13478: 13476: 13475: 13474: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13450: 13449: 13448: 13440: 13439: 13438: 13430: 13429: 13428: 13420: 13419: 13418: 13410: 13409: 13408: 13400: 13399: 13398: 13390: 13384: 13382: 13381:Other European 13378: 13377: 13375: 13374: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13356: 13355: 13350: 13339: 13337: 13331: 13330: 13328: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13310:Golden billion 13307: 13302: 13300:Alaska payment 13296: 13294: 13290: 13289: 13287: 13286: 13285: 13284: 13276: 13275: 13274: 13266: 13261: 13260: 13259: 13254: 13243: 13241: 13237: 13236: 13234: 13233: 13232: 13231: 13226: 13218: 13217: 13216: 13208: 13207: 13206: 13201: 13193: 13192: 13191: 13182: 13180: 13172: 13171: 13169: 13168: 13167: 13166: 13158: 13157: 13156: 13148: 13147: 13146: 13138: 13137: 13136: 13128: 13127: 13126: 13121: 13112: 13110: 13102: 13101: 13091: 13090: 13087: 13086: 13083: 13082: 13080: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13028: 13026: 13015: 13014: 13012: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12975: 12973: 12967: 12966: 12964: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12952: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12930: 12928: 12926:Anti-Christian 12921: 12920: 12918: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12886: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12868: 12863: 12862: 12861: 12845: 12835: 12834: 12833: 12831:Trivialization 12823: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12787: 12785: 12776: 12775: 12773:White genocide 12770: 12765: 12760: 12759: 12758: 12753: 12745: 12743:Priory of Sion 12740: 12735: 12727: 12726: 12725: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12692: 12689: 12688: 12678: 12677: 12674: 12673: 12671: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12643: 12642: 12637: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12606: 12605: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12550: 12549: 12547:misinformation 12544: 12539: 12538: 12537: 12532: 12517: 12511: 12508: 12507: 12497: 12496: 12493: 12492: 12490: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12454: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12432: 12431: 12429:Lavender scare 12421: 12420: 12419: 12409: 12407:gay Nazis myth 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12379: 12373: 12370: 12369: 12359: 12358: 12355: 12354: 12352: 12351: 12345: 12339: 12333: 12327: 12321: 12320: 12319: 12314: 12303: 12297: 12291: 12285: 12282:KAL Flight 007 12279: 12273: 12267: 12258: 12252: 12249:Reichstag fire 12246: 12237: 12227: 12224: 12223: 12210: 12209: 12206: 12205: 12203: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12186: 12185: 12183:false theories 12167: 12166: 12162: 12156: 12153: 12152: 12148: 12140: 12139: 12136: 12135: 12132: 12131: 12129: 12128: 12123: 12121:Vladimir Putin 12118: 12113: 12111:Paul McCartney 12107: 12105: 12101: 12100: 12098: 12097: 12091: 12085: 12079: 12072: 12070: 12066: 12065: 12063: 12062: 12056: 12050: 12047:TWA Flight 800 12044: 12035: 12029: 12023: 12017: 12014:JAT Flight 367 12011: 12005: 11999: 11996:Lynmouth Flood 11993: 11987: 11978: 11969: 11967: 11963: 11962: 11960: 11959: 11953: 11947: 11941: 11935: 11929: 11923: 11917: 11914:Benazir Bhutto 11911: 11905: 11899: 11893: 11887: 11881: 11875: 11869: 11863: 11857: 11851: 11845: 11839: 11833: 11830:Renny Ottolina 11827: 11821: 11815: 11809: 11803: 11797: 11791: 11785: 11779: 11776:Marilyn Monroe 11773: 11767: 11761: 11755: 11749: 11743: 11737: 11734:Lord Kitchener 11731: 11725: 11722:Zachary Taylor 11718: 11716: 11700: 11699: 11689: 11688: 11685: 11684: 11681: 11680: 11677: 11676: 11674: 11673: 11667: 11661: 11655: 11649: 11643: 11637: 11631: 11625: 11619: 11612: 11610: 11601: 11600: 11595: 11594: 11593: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11558: 11553: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11524: 11522: 11513: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11481: 11480: 11469: 11466: 11465: 11455: 11454: 11451: 11450: 11447: 11446: 11444: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11432: 11431: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11385: 11383: 11379: 11378: 11376: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11348:Hidden message 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11302: 11301: 11300: 11295: 11292:éminence grise 11288: 11278: 11272: 11270: 11262: 11261: 11251: 11250: 11245: 11242: 11241: 11234: 11233: 11226: 11219: 11211: 11202: 11201: 11199: 11198: 11193: 11187: 11185: 11181: 11180: 11178: 11177: 11166:United Kingdom 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11116:Ottoman Empire 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11027: 11025: 11021: 11020: 11018: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10995:Ottoman Empire 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10956: 10954: 10950: 10949: 10947: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10925: 10923: 10919: 10918: 10916: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10869: 10867: 10863: 10862: 10853: 10852: 10845: 10838: 10830: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10817: 10811: 10808: 10807: 10804: 10803: 10801: 10800: 10793: 10786: 10781: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10766: 10763: 10762: 10760: 10759: 10754: 10753: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10722: 10717: 10716: 10715: 10710: 10702: 10696: 10694: 10692:Peace treaties 10691: 10688: 10687: 10685: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10633: 10631: 10627: 10626: 10624: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10597: 10595: 10589: 10588: 10586: 10585: 10580: 10578:United Kingdom 10575: 10570: 10568:Ottoman Empire 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10539: 10537: 10530: 10525: 10522: 10521: 10518: 10517: 10515: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10493: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10472: 10470:Sack of Dinant 10467: 10462: 10457: 10456: 10455: 10450: 10449: 10448: 10434: 10432: 10426: 10425: 10423: 10422: 10421: 10420: 10418:United Kingdom 10415: 10406: 10404: 10398: 10397: 10395: 10394: 10393: 10392: 10387: 10378: 10372:POW locations 10370: 10365: 10364: 10363: 10354: 10352: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10342: 10341: 10340: 10335: 10327: 10322: 10321: 10320: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10295: 10294: 10293: 10288: 10280: 10274: 10272: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10248: 10246: 10239: 10238: 10237: 10236: 10231: 10223: 10218: 10217: 10216: 10207: 10205: 10197: 10194: 10193: 10190: 10189: 10187: 10186: 10181: 10180: 10179: 10172:United Kingdom 10169: 10167:Ottoman Empire 10164: 10159: 10153: 10151: 10144: 10143: 10141:Trench warfare 10138: 10137: 10136: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10105: 10104: 10093: 10091: 10084: 10080: 10079: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10072: 10066: 10060: 10054: 10048: 10047: 10046: 10040: 10034: 10028: 10017: 10011: 10005: 9999: 9993: 9987: 9981: 9975: 9969: 9963: 9957: 9951: 9945: 9939: 9933: 9927: 9921: 9914: 9912: 9908: 9907: 9905: 9904: 9898: 9892: 9886: 9880: 9874: 9868: 9862: 9857: 9854:Volta-Bani War 9851: 9845: 9839: 9833: 9827: 9821: 9815: 9809: 9803: 9796: 9794: 9790: 9789: 9787: 9786: 9781: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9692:Zeebrugge Raid 9689: 9684: 9679: 9673: 9671: 9665: 9664: 9662: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9575: 9573: 9567: 9566: 9564: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9537: 9536: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9500: 9498: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9490: 9485: 9483:Battle of Loos 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9401: 9399: 9395: 9394: 9392: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9374:Black Sea raid 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9305: 9303: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9279: 9278: 9276:Historiography 9267: 9265: 9261: 9260: 9258: 9257: 9251: 9245: 9239: 9233: 9230:Bosnian Crisis 9227: 9224:Tangier Crisis 9221: 9215: 9209: 9202: 9200: 9193: 9187: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9157:Ottoman Empire 9154: 9149: 9144: 9138: 9136: 9134:Central Powers 9130: 9129: 9127: 9126: 9121: 9120: 9119: 9117:British Empire 9112:United Kingdom 9109: 9104: 9099: 9098: 9097: 9092: 9090:Russian Empire 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9066: 9065: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9044: 9043: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9012: 9010: 9008:Entente Powers 9001: 8996: 8993: 8992: 8989: 8988: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8979: 8978: 8976:North Atlantic 8967: 8965: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8939: 8937: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8901: 8899: 8893: 8892: 8890: 8889: 8887:Central Arabia 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8853: 8851: 8849:Middle Eastern 8845: 8844: 8842: 8841: 8836: 8835: 8834: 8824: 8819: 8818: 8817: 8806: 8804: 8795: 8791: 8790: 8788: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8750:Historiography 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8721: 8718: 8717: 8710: 8709: 8702: 8695: 8687: 8681: 8680: 8664: 8648: 8636: 8620: 8604: 8584: 8568: 8552: 8536: 8521: 8520:External links 8518: 8516: 8515: 8501: 8487: 8481: 8475: 8472: 8466: 8457: 8440: 8434: 8421: 8415: 8402: 8393: 8387: 8374: 8368: 8355: 8348: 8341: 8334: 8328: 8315: 8306: 8299: 8293: 8280: 8271: 8265: 8252: 8246: 8233: 8230: 8224: 8209: 8203: 8190: 8181: 8167: 8154: 8148: 8135: 8132: 8127:(available at 8112: 8105: 8098: 8088: 8078: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8052: 8013: 7998: 7986: 7971: 7956: 7944: 7942:, p. 299. 7932: 7920: 7908: 7906:, p. 142. 7896: 7887: 7884:. 10 May 1915. 7867: 7842: 7840:, p. 319. 7830: 7816: 7804: 7781: 7746: 7719: 7697: 7678: 7655: 7640: 7633: 7613: 7571: 7559: 7528: 7510: 7492: 7483: 7468: 7454: 7447: 7427: 7409: 7390: 7370: 7351: 7331: 7319: 7303: 7288: 7273: 7251: 7226: 7210: 7188: 7173: 7138: 7121: 7096: 7075: 7052: 7030: 7018: 7009: 6997: 6985: 6971: 6969:Ritter, p. 132 6962: 6955: 6937: 6925: 6918: 6888: 6869: 6850:(6): 505–526. 6827: 6812: 6793: 6790:. 29 May 1915. 6772: 6756: 6737: 6721: 6695: 6681:Canberra Times 6667: 6648: 6641: 6615: 6598: 6573: 6548: 6517: 6487: 6461: 6431: 6428:. 13 May 2015. 6413: 6399: 6394:dallasnews.com 6381: 6356: 6335: 6324:. 15 July 2012 6307: 6300: 6270: 6240: 6220: 6198: 6186: 6180:New York Times 6162: 6154: 6136: 6129: 6111: 6104: 6078: 6071: 6050: 6047:. 11 May 1915. 6036: 6021: 6014: 5996: 5976: 5964: 5952: 5945: 5924: 5909: 5897: 5885: 5870: 5868:, p. 130. 5858: 5841: 5826: 5814: 5799: 5787: 5780: 5762: 5759:. 10 May 1915. 5748: 5746:(1994) p. 157 5735: 5728: 5702: 5684: 5681:. 10 May 1915. 5678:New York Times 5658: 5651: 5633: 5630:. 10 May 1915. 5627:New York Times 5610: 5592: 5580: 5568: 5561: 5534: 5504: 5475: 5462:"Excerpt from 5449: 5432:NZ Army Museum 5428:"Kiwis at War" 5419: 5394: 5380: 5360: 5347: 5332: 5314: 5297: 5276: 5267: 5240: 5228: 5216: 5214:, p. 314. 5204: 5202:, p. 241. 5192: 5174: 5167: 5161:. Leo Cooper. 5149: 5147:, p. 217. 5137: 5128: 5116: 5107: 5098: 5089: 5080: 5069:. 25 July 2011 5054: 5031: 5020:. 27 June 2011 5009: 4995: 4982: 4962: 4960:Molony, p. 123 4953: 4937: 4930: 4904: 4897: 4873: 4862:on 8 July 2006 4847: 4825: 4818: 4800: 4791: 4779: 4767: 4746: 4742:L'illustration 4729: 4720: 4711: 4696: 4687: 4661: 4652: 4637: 4612: 4600: 4591: 4562: 4553: 4546: 4528: 4519: 4517:Beesly, p. 101 4510: 4497: 4486:. 27 June 2011 4475: 4456: 4438: 4426: 4407: 4385: 4374:on 16 May 2011 4355: 4346: 4334: 4322: 4309: 4294: 4278: 4266: 4249: 4232: 4220: 4217:. p. 308. 4205: 4196: 4178: 4171: 4153: 4140: 4131: 4124: 4103: 4078: 4055: 4043: 4025: 3990: 3983: 3924: 3890: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3837: 3823: 3814: 3805: 3798: 3795: 3752:superstructure 3711: 3708: 3691:hedgehog mines 3681:The wreck was 3678: 3675: 3647:nitrocellulose 3596: 3593: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3506:Patrick Beesly 3486: 3479: 3436:Robert Ballard 3361: 3358: 3306:Earl of Lathom 3298:Gerhard Ritter 3289:s sister ship 3283:105mm deck gun 3240:ruse de guerre 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3187: 3176: 3169: 3158: 3155:Nihilistischen 3147: 3132: 3125:Arthur J. Lamb 3121: 3099: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3077: 3066: 3059:H.P. Lovecraft 3056: 3049: 3035: 3024: 3013:'s 1922 novel 3009:The events of 3005: 3002: 3001: 3000: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969:Hilton Anatole 2965: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2919: 2908:virtual museum 2883: 2880: 2879: 2878: 2867: 2856:The docudrama 2854: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2758: 2755: 2727:René Baudichon 2638: 2637: 2626: 2619: 2617: 2611: 2604: 2602: 2596: 2589: 2587: 2574: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2500:Just like that 2444: 2441: 2403: 2333:Robert Lansing 2317:Robert Lansing 2305: 2302: 2249:Woodrow Wilson 2219: 2216: 2160: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2031: 2029: 2022: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2003: 2001: 1990: 1983: 1981: 1966: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1895: 1892: 1725:on 1 July and 1702: 1699: 1695:Earl of Lathom 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1666: 1652: 1642: 1636: 1629: 1618: 1595: 1594: 1588: 1577:Elbert Hubbard 1574: 1567: 1552: 1542: 1536: 1533:Antoine Depage 1526: 1520: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1489: 1475: 1469: 1463: 1457: 1451: 1445: 1438: 1428: 1425: 1419: 1409: 1403: 1393: 1383: 1377: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1324: 1310: 1307: 1197:Captain Turner 1190: 1189: 1179: 1172: 1170: 1164:had torpedoed 1159: 1152: 1150: 1141: 1134: 1012:The effect of 908: 905: 779:Earl of Lathom 764:HMNB Devonport 677: 674: 605: 602: 600: 597: 380: 377: 364:hospital ships 291: 288: 230:Central Powers 226:naval blockade 184: 183: 177: 176: 169: 168: 162: 161: 160: 157: 156: 154: 153: 150: 147: 143: 141: 137: 136: 125: 121: 120: 113:51.417; -8.550 88: 82: 81: 71: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 44: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14378: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14356:RMS Lusitania 14354: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14334: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14288: 14286: 14273: 14269: 14264: 14260: 14256: 14252: 14248: 14244: 14240: 14235: 14228: 14227: 14221: 14218: 14217: 14211: 14208: 14207: 14206:Vasco da Gama 14201: 14198: 14197: 14191: 14190: 14188: 14184: 14177: 14176: 14170: 14167: 14166: 14161: 14160: 14154: 14151: 14150: 14144: 14143: 14136: 14133: 14132: 14125: 14122: 14121: 14115: 14112: 14111: 14106: 14105: 14098: 14095: 14094: 14087: 14084: 14083: 14077: 14074: 14073: 14067: 14063: 14062: 14056: 14053: 14052: 14046: 14043: 14042: 14036: 14033: 14032: 14026: 14025: 14019: 14018: 14016: 14014: 14010: 14001: 13996: 13994: 13989: 13987: 13982: 13981: 13978: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13945: 13942: 13941: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13908: 13905: 13904: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13888: 13887: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13877: 13874: 13867: 13863: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13825: 13823: 13819: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13787:Admiralty law 13785: 13784: 13782: 13780: 13776: 13770: 13767: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13749: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13728:NESARA/GESARA 13726: 13724: 13721: 13720: 13717: 13710: 13706: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13669: 13667: 13665: 13664:2020 election 13661: 13653: 13649: 13648:POW/MIA issue 13646: 13645: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13635:Trump–Ukraine 13633: 13631: 13628: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13613: 13612: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13602: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13520:Biden–Ukraine 13518: 13514: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13491: 13490:Barack Obama 13489: 13488: 13486: 13484: 13483:United States 13480: 13472: 13471:Voting pencil 13469: 13467: 13466:Harold Wilson 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13453: 13451: 13447: 13444: 13443: 13441: 13437: 13434: 13433: 13431: 13427: 13424: 13423: 13421: 13417: 13414: 13413: 13411: 13407: 13404: 13403: 13401: 13397: 13394: 13393: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13385: 13383: 13379: 13373: 13372: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13345: 13344: 13341: 13340: 13338: 13336: 13332: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13297: 13295: 13291: 13283: 13280: 13279: 13277: 13273: 13270: 13269: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13249: 13248: 13245: 13244: 13242: 13238: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13221: 13219: 13215: 13214:Casa Matusita 13212: 13211: 13209: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13196: 13194: 13190: 13187: 13186: 13184: 13183: 13181: 13173: 13165: 13162: 13161: 13159: 13155: 13152: 13151: 13149: 13145: 13142: 13141: 13139: 13135: 13132: 13131: 13129: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13116: 13114: 13113: 13111: 13107: 13103: 13096: 13092: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13052:The Holocaust 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13029: 13027: 13025: 13020: 13016: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12979:Counter-jihad 12977: 12976: 12974: 12972: 12968: 12962: 12961:Giuseppe Siri 12959: 12957: 12954: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12936: 12935: 12934:Anti-Catholic 12932: 12931: 12929: 12927: 12922: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12873: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12860: 12859: 12855: 12854: 12853: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12840: 12839: 12836: 12832: 12829: 12828: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12806:Doctors' plot 12804: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12788: 12786: 12784: 12780: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12748: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12732: 12728: 12722: 12717: 12714: 12713: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12693: 12690: 12683: 12679: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12632: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12604: 12603:United States 12600: 12596: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12571: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12527: 12526: 12523: 12522: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12512: 12509: 12502: 12498: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12482:Satanic panic 12480: 12478: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12430: 12427: 12426: 12425: 12422: 12418: 12417:United States 12415: 12414: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12384: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12374: 12371: 12364: 12360: 12349: 12346: 12343: 12340: 12337: 12334: 12331: 12328: 12325: 12322: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12301: 12298: 12295: 12292: 12289: 12286: 12283: 12280: 12277: 12274: 12271: 12268: 12265: 12264: 12259: 12256: 12253: 12250: 12247: 12244: 12243: 12238: 12235: 12234: 12229: 12228: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12211: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12184: 12181: 12180: 12179: 12176: 12175: 12174: 12173: 12169: 12165: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12157: 12154: 12145: 12141: 12127: 12126:Melania Trump 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12116:Avril Lavigne 12114: 12112: 12109: 12108: 12106: 12102: 12095: 12092: 12089: 12088:Elvis Presley 12086: 12083: 12080: 12077: 12074: 12073: 12071: 12067: 12060: 12057: 12054: 12051: 12048: 12045: 12042: 12041: 12036: 12033: 12030: 12027: 12024: 12021: 12018: 12015: 12012: 12009: 12006: 12003: 12000: 11997: 11994: 11991: 11988: 11985: 11984: 11979: 11976: 11975: 11971: 11970: 11968: 11964: 11957: 11954: 11951: 11948: 11945: 11942: 11939: 11936: 11933: 11930: 11927: 11924: 11921: 11918: 11915: 11912: 11909: 11908:Yasser Arafat 11906: 11903: 11900: 11897: 11894: 11891: 11888: 11885: 11884:Yitzhak Rabin 11882: 11879: 11876: 11873: 11870: 11867: 11864: 11861: 11858: 11855: 11852: 11849: 11846: 11843: 11840: 11837: 11834: 11831: 11828: 11825: 11822: 11819: 11816: 11813: 11810: 11807: 11804: 11801: 11798: 11795: 11792: 11789: 11786: 11783: 11780: 11777: 11774: 11771: 11768: 11765: 11762: 11759: 11756: 11753: 11750: 11747: 11744: 11741: 11738: 11735: 11732: 11729: 11726: 11723: 11720: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11709: 11708:Assassination 11705: 11701: 11694: 11690: 11671: 11668: 11665: 11664:Alien autopsy 11662: 11659: 11656: 11653: 11650: 11647: 11644: 11641: 11638: 11635: 11632: 11629: 11626: 11623: 11620: 11617: 11614: 11613: 11611: 11609: 11605: 11599: 11598:Project Serpo 11596: 11592: 11591: 11587: 11586: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11564: 11563: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11548: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11525: 11523: 11521: 11517: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11479: 11476: 11475: 11474: 11471: 11470: 11467: 11460: 11456: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11430: 11427: 11426: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11386: 11384: 11380: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11358:Pseudoscience 11356: 11354: 11353:Pseudohistory 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11323:Crisis actors 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11310: 11306: 11303: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11293: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11283: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11267: 11263: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11243: 11239: 11232: 11227: 11225: 11220: 11218: 11213: 11212: 11209: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11188: 11186: 11182: 11175: 11171: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11096:Liechtenstein 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11022: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10957: 10955: 10951: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10939:United States 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10926: 10924: 10920: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10870: 10868: 10864: 10859: 10851: 10846: 10844: 10839: 10837: 10832: 10831: 10828: 10816: 10813: 10812: 10809: 10799: 10798: 10794: 10792: 10791: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10779: 10775: 10774: 10772: 10768: 10758: 10755: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10727: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10705: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10697: 10695: 10689: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10634: 10632: 10628: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10598: 10596: 10594: 10590: 10584: 10583:United States 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10540: 10538: 10534: 10531: 10528: 10523: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10477: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10454: 10451: 10447: 10444: 10443: 10442: 10439: 10438: 10436: 10435: 10433: 10431: 10427: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10403: 10399: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10362: 10359: 10358: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10347: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10330: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10319: 10318: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10298: 10296: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10283: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10269: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10243: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10215: 10212: 10211: 10209: 10208: 10206: 10200: 10195: 10185: 10184:United States 10182: 10178: 10175: 10174: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10154: 10152: 10148: 10142: 10139: 10135: 10134:Convoy system 10132: 10131: 10130: 10129:Naval warfare 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10103: 10100: 10099: 10098: 10095: 10094: 10092: 10088: 10085: 10081: 10070: 10067: 10064: 10061: 10058: 10055: 10052: 10049: 10044: 10041: 10038: 10035: 10032: 10029: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10021: 10018: 10015: 10012: 10009: 10006: 10003: 10000: 9997: 9994: 9991: 9988: 9985: 9982: 9979: 9976: 9973: 9970: 9967: 9964: 9961: 9958: 9955: 9952: 9949: 9946: 9943: 9940: 9937: 9934: 9931: 9928: 9925: 9922: 9919: 9916: 9915: 9913: 9909: 9902: 9899: 9896: 9893: 9890: 9889:Kaocen revolt 9887: 9884: 9883:Easter Rising 9881: 9878: 9875: 9872: 9869: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9855: 9852: 9849: 9846: 9843: 9840: 9837: 9834: 9831: 9828: 9825: 9822: 9819: 9816: 9813: 9810: 9807: 9804: 9801: 9798: 9797: 9795: 9791: 9785: 9782: 9778: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9674: 9672: 9670: 9666: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9572: 9568: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9535: 9532: 9531: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9501: 9499: 9495: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9448:Great Retreat 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9423: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9396: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9319:Battle of Cer 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9300: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9277: 9274: 9273: 9272: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9262: 9255: 9252: 9249: 9246: 9243: 9240: 9237: 9236:Agadir Crisis 9234: 9231: 9228: 9225: 9222: 9219: 9216: 9213: 9210: 9207: 9204: 9203: 9201: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9188: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9131: 9125: 9124:United States 9122: 9118: 9115: 9114: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9087: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9042: 9041:French Empire 9039: 9038: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9013: 9011: 9009: 9005: 9002: 8994: 8984: 8983:Mediterranean 8981: 8977: 8974: 8973: 8972: 8969: 8968: 8966: 8964: 8963:Naval warfare 8960: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8936: 8932: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8898: 8894: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8850: 8846: 8840: 8839:Italian Front 8837: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8828: 8827:Eastern Front 8825: 8823: 8822:Western Front 8820: 8816: 8813: 8812: 8811: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8799: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8780:Puppet states 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8722: 8719: 8715: 8708: 8703: 8701: 8696: 8694: 8689: 8688: 8685: 8679:, at YouTube. 8678: 8674: 8670: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8655: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8632:Lusitania.net 8629: 8627: 8621: 8617: 8613: 8611: 8605: 8601: 8600: 8594: 8592: 8585: 8582:. 7 May 2013. 8581: 8577: 8575: 8569: 8565: 8561: 8559: 8553: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8533: 8528: 8524: 8523: 8514: 8510: 8506: 8502: 8500: 8496: 8492: 8488: 8485: 8482: 8479: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8467: 8463: 8458: 8456: 8454: 8449: 8448:The Lusitania 8445: 8444:Life Magazine 8441: 8437: 8431: 8427: 8422: 8418: 8412: 8408: 8403: 8399: 8394: 8390: 8384: 8380: 8375: 8371: 8369:0-552-99886-9 8365: 8361: 8356: 8353: 8349: 8346: 8342: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8325: 8321: 8316: 8312: 8307: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8290: 8286: 8281: 8278: 8277: 8272: 8268: 8262: 8258: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8239: 8234: 8231: 8227: 8221: 8217: 8216: 8210: 8206: 8200: 8197:. Macmillan. 8196: 8191: 8187: 8182: 8179: 8175: 8171: 8168: 8165: 8161: 8158: 8155: 8151: 8149:0-241-10864-0 8145: 8141: 8136: 8133: 8130: 8124: 8120: 8119: 8113: 8110: 8106: 8103: 8099: 8097: 8093: 8089: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8063:Burns, Greg, 8062: 8061: 8040: 8036: 8034: 8028: 8027:Bishop, Leigh 8022: 8020: 8018: 8009: 8002: 7995: 7990: 7982: 7975: 7968: 7963: 7961: 7953: 7948: 7941: 7936: 7929: 7924: 7917: 7912: 7905: 7900: 7891: 7883: 7882: 7877: 7871: 7863: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7846: 7839: 7834: 7826: 7820: 7814:, p. 11. 7813: 7808: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7785: 7778: 7766: 7762: 7761: 7756: 7750: 7734: 7733:Life Magazine 7730: 7723: 7715: 7714:Lusitania.net 7711: 7709: 7701: 7685: 7681: 7675: 7671: 7670: 7665: 7659: 7651: 7644: 7636: 7630: 7626: 7625: 7617: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7584: 7575: 7569:, p. 27. 7568: 7563: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7532: 7524: 7520: 7514: 7506: 7502: 7496: 7487: 7479: 7472: 7464: 7458: 7450: 7444: 7440: 7439: 7431: 7423: 7420:Keith Allen. 7416: 7414: 7397: 7393: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7374: 7358: 7354: 7348: 7344: 7343: 7335: 7328: 7323: 7315: 7307: 7301:, p. 71. 7300: 7295: 7293: 7286:, p. 90. 7285: 7280: 7278: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7255: 7239: 7233: 7231: 7223: 7221: 7214: 7198: 7192: 7184: 7177: 7161: 7157: 7152: 7145: 7143: 7135: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7110: 7106: 7100: 7092: 7088: 7082: 7080: 7071: 7067: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7048: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7027: 7022: 7013: 7006: 7001: 6995:, p. 94. 6994: 6989: 6981: 6975: 6966: 6958: 6952: 6948: 6941: 6934: 6929: 6921: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6902: 6901: 6892: 6884: 6880: 6873: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6834: 6832: 6823: 6816: 6808: 6804: 6797: 6789: 6782: 6776: 6768: 6767: 6760: 6752: 6748: 6741: 6735: 6731: 6725: 6709: 6705: 6699: 6683: 6682: 6677: 6671: 6663: 6659: 6652: 6644: 6638: 6634: 6629: 6628: 6619: 6611: 6610: 6602: 6587: 6586:HarperCollins 6583: 6577: 6562: 6558: 6552: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6521: 6505: 6501: 6497: 6491: 6476: 6472: 6465: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6427: 6423: 6417: 6409: 6403: 6395: 6391: 6385: 6370: 6366: 6360: 6345: 6339: 6323: 6322: 6317: 6311: 6303: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6284: 6283: 6274: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6244: 6236: 6235: 6230: 6224: 6208: 6202: 6195: 6190: 6183:. p. 10. 6182: 6181: 6173: 6166: 6157: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6132: 6126: 6122: 6115: 6107: 6101: 6097: 6092: 6091: 6082: 6074: 6068: 6064: 6057: 6055: 6046: 6040: 6032: 6025: 6017: 6011: 6007: 6000: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5980: 5973: 5968: 5961: 5956: 5948: 5942: 5938: 5931: 5929: 5921: 5916: 5914: 5906: 5901: 5894: 5889: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5854: 5848: 5846: 5838: 5833: 5831: 5823: 5818: 5810: 5803: 5796: 5791: 5783: 5777: 5773: 5766: 5758: 5752: 5745: 5739: 5731: 5725: 5721: 5716: 5715: 5706: 5698: 5694: 5688: 5680: 5679: 5671: 5665: 5663: 5654: 5648: 5644: 5637: 5629: 5628: 5620: 5614: 5606: 5602: 5596: 5589: 5584: 5577: 5572: 5564: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5541: 5539: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5508: 5490: 5485: 5479: 5471: 5467: 5465: 5456: 5454: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5423: 5408: 5407:KarlGoetz.com 5404: 5398: 5390: 5384: 5376: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5357: 5351: 5343: 5336: 5328: 5324: 5318: 5310: 5309: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5288: 5280: 5271: 5264: 5259: 5258: 5250: 5244: 5237: 5232: 5225: 5220: 5213: 5212:Schrader 1920 5208: 5201: 5196: 5188: 5181: 5179: 5170: 5164: 5160: 5153: 5146: 5141: 5132: 5125: 5120: 5111: 5102: 5096:Beesly p. 111 5093: 5084: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5042: 5035: 5019: 5013: 5005: 4999: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4979:0-00-216882-0 4976: 4972: 4966: 4957: 4950: 4946: 4941: 4933: 4927: 4923: 4918: 4917: 4908: 4900: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4877: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4843: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4821: 4815: 4811: 4804: 4795: 4788: 4783: 4776: 4771: 4763: 4761: 4753: 4751: 4743: 4739: 4733: 4727:Beesly p. 108 4724: 4715: 4708: 4703: 4701: 4694:Beesly p. 106 4691: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4656: 4649: 4644: 4642: 4633: 4629: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4609: 4604: 4595: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4560:Beesly p. 103 4557: 4549: 4543: 4539: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4507: 4501: 4485: 4479: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4460: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4435: 4430: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4403: 4402: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4350: 4343: 4338: 4331: 4326: 4319: 4313: 4305: 4298: 4291: 4285: 4283: 4276:, p. 95. 4275: 4270: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4245: 4239: 4237: 4229: 4224: 4216: 4209: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4174: 4168: 4164: 4157: 4150: 4144: 4138:Simpson p. 60 4135: 4127: 4121: 4117: 4110: 4108: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4059: 4052: 4047: 4039: 4032: 4030: 4014: 4010: 4005: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3986: 3980: 3976: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3913: 3909: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3878: 3874: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3838: 3836: 3835: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3736: 3732: 3729:The wreck of 3725: 3721: 3716: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3683:depth-charged 3674: 3672: 3666: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3641:alleges that 3640: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3628: 3620: 3618: 3617:powdered form 3613: 3606: 3601: 3595:War munitions 3592: 3590: 3584: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3510:Colin Simpson 3507: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3484: 3478: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3460: 3456: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3371: 3366: 3357: 3354: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3325: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3273: 3267: 3265: 3259: 3255: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3241: 3229: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3216:and the 1909 3215: 3211: 3210:customary law 3207: 3206:cruiser rules 3203: 3191:Controversies 3185: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3086:The composer 3085: 3084: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3017: 3012: 3008: 3007: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2989: 2983: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2929: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2896: 2893: 2888: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2763: 2757:Last survivor 2754: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2718: 2714: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2634: 2630: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2603: 2599: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2579: 2571: 2566: 2565: 2556: 2554: 2548: 2546: 2545:Sussex Pledge 2542: 2538: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2517: 2515: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2456: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2423: 2419: 2418:cruiser rules 2413: 2402: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2326: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2301: 2298: 2292: 2290: 2283: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2272: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2247:US President 2245: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2228: 2224: 2215: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2187: 2182: 2179:and sculptor 2178: 2175: 2171: 2159: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2145: 2143: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2048:, the former 2047: 2044:On 8 May Dr. 2035: 2030: 2026: 2019: 2014: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1963: 1958: 1957: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1929: 1926: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1900: 1891: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1867: 1863: 1861: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1832: 1827: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1808: 1802: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1771: 1765: 1763: 1762: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1743:Edward Carson 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1707: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1609:Charles Klein 1607: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1505: 1504:RMS Lusitania 1501: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1486:RMS Lusitania 1483: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1347: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1320: 1315: 1306: 1304: 1303: 1297: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1241: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1198: 1194: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1171: 1168:a second time 1167: 1163: 1156: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1129: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1060: 1056: 1054: 1047: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1028: 1024: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1004: 997: 990: 985: 983: 978: 976: 972: 968: 964: 961:On board the 959: 957: 953: 952: 945: 940: 933: 929: 924: 918: 913: 904: 901: 899: 893: 889: 887: 883: 878: 876: 873: 869: 861: 857: 853: 848: 844: 841: 836: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 810: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 767: 765: 761: 757: 750: 746: 740: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 702: 701: 696: 695: 687: 682: 673: 671: 667: 662: 660: 659: 649: 645: 641: 638: 634: 623: 620:Recording of 596: 593: 587: 568: 566: 557: 553: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 529: 527: 523: 518: 514: 510: 506: 501: 498: 493: 490: 486: 482: 481: 477: 473: 469: 468: 463: 462: 457: 453: 449: 444: 441: 436: 433: 429: 425: 421: 420:Hugo von Pohl 417: 416:cruiser rules 413: 405: 401: 396: 392: 390: 386: 376: 372: 369: 365: 359: 357: 353: 349: 344: 339: 337: 336: 332:, along with 331: 327: 322: 317: 315: 311: 307: 301: 300:RMS Lusitania 297: 287: 285: 279: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 250: 249: 245:commanded by 244: 243: 238: 233: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 208: 204: 203: 192: 187: 166: 151: 148: 145: 144: 142: 138: 135: 134: 130: 126: 122: 117: 89: 87: 83: 79: 75: 72: 68: 65:14:10 – 14:28 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 42: 37: 34: 28: 24: 23: 14225: 14214: 14204: 14194: 14174: 14164: 14158: 14148: 14141: 14130: 14119: 14109: 14103: 14092: 14081: 14071: 14065: 14060: 14050: 14040: 14030: 14022: 13961:Superstition 13884: 13740: / 13738:Phantom time 13677:"Pence Card" 13650: / 13644:Vietnam War 13609: 13570:Jade Helm 15 13511: / 13369: 13305:Dulles' Plan 13189:Andinia Plan 13164:Finland Plot 13150:South Korea 13144:Tallano gold 13140:Philippines 12971:Islamophobic 12924:Christian / 12900:Kalergi Plan 12890:Judeopolonia 12878:World War II 12870: 12856: 12850: / 12821:George Soros 12816:Epsilon Team 12791:Andinia Plan 12647:Lepers' plot 12601: / 12597: / 12589:turbo cancer 12475: / 12317:WTC collapse 12306:9/11 attacks 12262: 12255:Pearl Harbor 12241: 12232: 12170: 12039: 12032:Khamar-Daban 12002:Dyatlov Pass 11982: 11974:Mary Celeste 11973: 11872:Vince Foster 11758:Adolf Hitler 11622:Maury Island 11616:Dundy County 11588: 11579:Men in black 11561: 11549: / 11545: / 11500:Hollow Earth 11429:moral panics 11419:Manipulation 11311: / 11307: / 11290: 10903:South Africa 10795: 10788: 10776: 10383: / 10315: 10150:Conscription 10114:Cryptography 10051:Iraqi Revolt 9478:Siege of Kut 9421: 9419: 8999:participants 8948:German Samoa 8882:South Arabia 8677:Winsor McCay 8667: 8659: 8653: 8643: 8631: 8625: 8615: 8609: 8597: 8590: 8579: 8573: 8563: 8557: 8548:the original 8543: 8530: 8504: 8490: 8461: 8452: 8447: 8443: 8425: 8406: 8397: 8378: 8359: 8351: 8344: 8337: 8319: 8310: 8302: 8284: 8275: 8256: 8237: 8214: 8194: 8185: 8173: 8163: 8159: 8139: 8125:: 9803–9810. 8122: 8116: 8108: 8101: 8091: 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Retrieved 3876: 3844: (1922) 3841: 3833: 3827: 3818: 3809: 3790: 3786: 3778: 3776: 3743: 3739: 3733:lies on her 3730: 3728: 3723: 3704: 3700: 3680: 3670: 3667: 3663: 3651:Shoeburyness 3642: 3636: 3626: 3621: 3611: 3610: 3605:.303 British 3591:the Allies. 3588: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3567: 3552: 3540: 3537: 3528: 3526: 3513: 3508:and authors 3503: 3482: 3474: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3428: 3426: 3420: 3397: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3377: 3375: 3369: 3352: 3349: 3339: 3333: 3328: 3322: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3296: 3290: 3286: 3271: 3268: 3261: 3257: 3234: 3208:", based in 3199: 3183: 3154: 3128: 3118:barrel organ 3109: 3105: 3102:Charles Ives 3091: 3088:Frank Bridge 3073: 3062: 3052: 3045: 3037: 3031: 3027: 3020: 3014: 2987: 2981: 2957: 2932: 2915: 2905:first-person 2898: 2891: 2874: 2873:documentary 2863: 2857: 2848: 2845:Winsor McCay 2838: 2830: 2827:Winsor McCay 2792: 2785:Bedfordshire 2771: 2768: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2723: 2705: 2701: 2691: 2686: 2678: 2675:Bryce report 2668: 2657: 2652: 2645:war criminal 2642: 2628: 2612: 2597: 2582: 2576:Take Up the 2575: 2549: 2534: 2516: (1902) 2513: 2509: 2499: 2479: 2474:Oscar Cesare 2469: 2458: 2452: 2434: 2430: (1902) 2427: 2421: 2414: 2410: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2354: 2345: 2336: 2330: 2322: 2307: 2296: 2294: 2288: 2285: 2278: 2276: 2270: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2254: 2246: 2238: 2234: 2232: 2226: 2212: 2207: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2167: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2139: 2134: 2117: 2111: 2101: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2080:Cunard liner 2077: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2043: 1996: 1992: 1968: 1943: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1919: 1915: 1912:Julius Mayer 1905: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1859: 1856: 1839: 1836: 1815: 1812: 1806: 1803: 1788: 1785: 1780:Richard Webb 1766: 1759: 1754: 1730: 1712: 1694: 1690: 1684: 1662: 1612: 1584: 1548: 1529:Marie Depage 1460:Scott Turner 1454:D. A. Thomas 1422:Rita Jolivet 1406:Ian Holbourn 1389: 1386:Avis Dolphin 1371: 1357:Avis Dolphin 1340: 1318: 1300: 1295: 1289: 1277: 1275: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1242: 1233: 1213: 1202: 1180: 1165: 1161: 1142: 1127: 1124: 1120:Terschelling 1114: 1110:Narragansett 1109: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1086: 1083: 1066: 1058: 1057: 1045: 1042: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1013: 995: 992: 987: 981: 979: 974: 970: 962: 960: 955: 950: 943: 938: 937: 931: 927: 900: (1895) 897: 891: 890: 881: 879: 874: 867: 865: 859: 855: 851: 839: 834: 831: 826: 822: 814: 811: (1902) 808: 802: 798: 795:Fastnet Rock 790: 786: 778: 770: 768: 759: 748: 741: 698: 693: 690: 685: 665: 663: 657: 653: 647: 632: 630: 621: 599:Final voyage 591: 589: 570: 562: 549: 545: 541: 537: 530: 525: 521: 508: 502: 496: 494: 488: 484: 479: 471: 466: 460: 458:ordered HMS 456:Henry Oliver 447: 445: 439: 437: 409: 403: 382: 373: 367: 360: 355: 342: 340: 333: 329: 325: 320: 318: 305: 303: 280: 267: 263: 246: 241: 234: 201: 197: 190: 178:Sinking site 132: 32: 27: 21: 13944:hate speech 13530:CIA and JFK 13509:"Obamagate" 13494:citizenship 13396:German Plot 12944:Popish Plot 12910:Rothschilds 12796:Blood libel 12783:Antisemitic 12719: [ 12599:Philippines 12436:Recruitment 12221:allegations 12200:Red mercury 12076:Joan of Arc 12069:Other cases 12010:(1950s–60s) 11956:John McAfee 11926:Hugo Chávez 11878:Kurt Cobain 11866:Turgut Özal 11862:(1980s–90s) 11842:Airey Neave 11800:Harold Holt 11740:Tom Thomson 11658:Gulf Breeze 11652:Ilkley Moor 11505:Hollow Moon 11276:Antiscience 11269:Core topics 11196:New Zealand 11156:Switzerland 11106:Netherlands 10878:East Africa 10858:World War I 10856:History of 10413:Netherlands 10390:Switzerland 10271:Occupations 10262:Spanish flu 10039:(1919–1922) 10033:(1918–1921) 10027:(1918–1923) 10016:(1919–1921) 10010:(1919–1921) 10004:(1919–1920) 9980:(1918–1920) 9974:(1918–1920) 9968:(1918–1920) 9950:(1918–1920) 9932:(1918–1920) 9926:(1917–1921) 9920:(1917–1921) 9867:(1916-1918) 9865:Arab Revolt 9856:(1915–1917) 9850:(1915–1917) 9838:(1914-1917) 9832:(1914–1917) 9826:(1914–1921) 9820:(1913–1920) 9808:(1910–1920) 9802:(1900–1920) 9775: [ 9293:July Crisis 9214:(1880–1914) 8877:Mesopotamia 8755:Home fronts 8714:World War I 8031:"Return to 7904:Manson 1977 7856:"No. 28990" 7795:Men's Vogue 7771:23 February 7729:"Lusitania" 7606:25 February 7592:Archaeology 7327:Beesly 1982 7284:Beesly 1982 7114:15 February 7026:Manson 1977 6993:Beesly 1982 6933:Ritter 1972 6440:"The Davit" 6426:bonhams.com 6349:25 December 6290:. pp. 6263:25 February 6229:"No. 42314" 5972:Ritter 1972 5920:Ritter 1972 5905:Ritter 1972 5893:Manson 1977 5866:Manson 1977 5837:Manson 1977 5822:Manson 1977 5795:Manson 1977 5497:15 February 5024:9 September 4866:18 February 4490:15 February 4274:Beesly 1982 4228:Manson 1977 4163:World War I 4096:15 February 4091:history.com 4018:28 December 3917:14 February 3285:taken from 3202:prize rules 3166:St. Vincent 3162:Andrew Bird 3151:Minenwerfer 2962:Albert Dock 2912:HFX Studios 2787:. Hugh was 2781:Melchbourne 2735:R Baudichon 2698:Lord Newton 2184: [ 2170:Ludwig Gies 2122: [ 2025:Ludwig Gies 1890:survivors. 1851:F. E. Smith 1751:F. E. Smith 1727:Caxton Hall 1715:Lord Mersey 1496:RMS Titanic 1492:Frank Tower 1482:RMS Titanic 934:as she sank 791:Cayo Romano 422:decided to 348:German Navy 212:during the 111: / 86:Coordinates 14285:Categories 14259:April 1915 14051:Gul Djemal 14013:Shipwrecks 13934:Paranormal 13843:Li's field 13762:synarchism 13757:Illuminati 13752:Bilderberg 13624:Sandy Hook 13560:FEMA camps 13412:Lithuania 13257:Cairo fire 13229:Golpe Azul 13220:Venezuela 13185:Argentina 13037:Bangladesh 12999:Love jihad 12858:Żydokomuna 12801:Cohen Plan 12711:Freemasons 12574:Ivermectin 12564:Chemtrails 12559:Big Pharma 12535:Thiomersal 12402:gay agenda 12397:drag panic 12382:Anti-LGBTQ 12219:False flag 11854:Zia-ul-Haq 11848:Olof Palme 11670:Morristown 11634:Twin Falls 11590:Die Glocke 11556:Dulce Base 11510:Reptilians 11495:Flat Earth 11382:Psychology 11318:Conspiracy 11286:deep state 11101:Luxembourg 10630:Agreements 10430:War crimes 10306:Luxembourg 10199:Casualties 9070:Montenegro 8905:South West 8785:Technology 8775:Propaganda 8765:Opposition 7166:6 December 6369:iwm.org.uk 6213:16 October 4762:War Diary" 4378:19 January 4004:Lusitania' 3851:References 3710:Wreck site 3627:Mont-Blanc 3410:pyroxylene 3398:Lusitania' 3382:Lusitania' 3180:June of 44 3096:Henry Wood 3046:Lusitania. 3032:Lusitania. 3004:Literature 2988:Mauretania 2943:, England. 2737:. Legend: 2529:Wilhelm II 2504:Wilhelm II 2455:Bernstorff 2447:See also: 2369:, and the 2282:munitions: 2240:The Nation 2155:Mauretania 1628:in Dublin. 1558:, wife of 1435:suffragist 1348:Passengers 1053:forecastle 886:Cape Clear 781:, off the 769:On 5 May, 706:, through 577:Travellers 542:Mauretania 470:to escort 454:, Admiral 452:destroyers 385:contraband 352:Royal Navy 335:Mauretania 294:See also: 290:Background 284:legitimacy 74:Celtic Sea 57:7 May 1915 14272:June 1915 14196:Gulflight 14147:HMS 14140:HMS 14129:HMS 14091:HMS 14070:HMS 14061:Lusitania 14029:HMS 13939:Prejudice 13833:Bielefeld 13821:Satirical 13779:Pseudolaw 13672:Italygate 13611:incidents 13585:Pizzagate 13504:parentage 13416:Statesmen 13348:Ergenekon 13282:Pallywood 13252:10 agorot 13160:Thailand 13134:Jinnahpur 13130:Pakistan 13057:Holodomor 13047:Cambodian 12554:Aspartame 12463:GamerGate 12424:Homintern 12392:Chemicals 12242:Lusitania 12160:Agenda 21 12094:Jonestown 12084:(1948–54) 11932:Seth Rich 11824:Aldo Moro 11660:(1987–88) 11584:Nazi UFOs 11409:Denialism 11338:Espionage 11328:Deception 11191:Australia 11000:Palestine 10970:Hong Kong 10944:Venezuela 10527:Diplomacy 10234:Olympians 10157:Australia 10124:Logistics 10057:Vlora War 9986:(1918–19) 9962:(1918–19) 9956:(1918–19) 9944:(1918–19) 9891:(1916–17) 9873:(1916–17) 9824:Zaian War 9814:(1914–15) 9534:first day 9422:Lusitania 9250:(1912–13) 9244:(1911–12) 9232:(1908–09) 9226:(1905–06) 9208:(1870–71) 8997:Principal 8857:Gallipoli 8760:Memorials 8745:Geography 8735:Aftermath 8660:The Times 8654:Lusitania 8626:Lusitania 8610:Lusitania 8591:Lusitania 8574:Lusitania 8558:Lusitania 8462:Lusitania 8164:Lusitania 8033:Lusitania 7881:The Times 7708:Lusitania 7627:. 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