1727:
485:(WPAS) in Ireland services in the 27.600 to 27.995 MHz portion, AM and FM mode, with two overlapping sets of 40 channels (27.60125 to 27.99125 MHz in 10 kHz steps, and 27.605 to 27.995 MHz in 10 kHz steps). These transmissions are usually rebroadcasts of church services and can sometimes be heard hundreds or even thousands of km (miles). Part of the 11 m/27 MHz band was also allocated in many countries for early-model
1737:
1716:
1747:
231:
1 and 3, the segment 7.1–7.2 MHz is reserved for amateur radio use and there are no new broadcasting allocations in this portion of the band. 7.35–7.4 MHz is newly allocated; in
Regions 1 and 3, 7.4–7.45 MHz was also allocated effective March 29, 2009. In Region 2, 7.2–7.3 MHz is
497:
In the US and Canada, as well as the
Americas (ITU Region 2) as a whole, there are no pre-designated HF allocations for military use. Similar rules exist in Europe, where it has become necessary for European amateurs to police the bands due to overcrowding. Most military HF band incursions into the
502:
specific military HF allocations have gradually disappeared from the HF bands, except for Africa and some parts of Asia. In
Australia, the military shares the HF bands with civilian users; this is mainly due to low population density and relative under-use of the HF bands. The military in the
533:. The industrial use of the frequency suggested the use of the 11 m band for CB radio. About a dozen narrow ("sliver") allocations for ISM exist throughout the radio spectrum. These allocations are among the smallest in the HF band, with respect to national HF allocations.
392:(CB) allocation in most countries, is slightly higher in frequency than the broadcasting 11m band. There are reports of pirate CB radio users operating equipment on frequencies as low as 25.615 MHz. In the United States, this band is also shared with
440:
is a communications service, educational tool and hobby. It is particularly useful in providing emergency communication where standard telecommunications infrastructure is compromised or nonexistent, such as a disaster area or remote region of the globe.
469:
and most cordless-phone use is at UHF or higher. Some segments of the HF spectrum are allocated for fixed services, providing point-to-point communication between sites with no access to wired communications.
473:
Illegal "freeband" CB activity can be heard from 25 to 28 MHz, steps with operators generally using AM below 26.965 (US and
European CB channel 1) and SSB above 27.405 (US and European CB channel 40).
449:
Designated bands in the shortwave spectrum are used for ships, aircraft, and land vehicles. Shortwave (HF radio) is used by transoceanic aircraft for communications with air-traffic control centers out of
357:
Erratic daytime reception, with very little night reception. Similar to 11 metres, but long-distance daytime broadcasting (best on north–south paths) keeps this band active in the Asia-Pacific region.
482:
402:
Particularly in the United States and at frequencies under 10 MHz, shortwave broadcasters may operate in between those bands, with the 60-meter band extending as high as
227:
Reception varies by region—reasonably good night reception, but few transmitters in this band target North
America. According to the WRC-03 Decisions on HF broadcasting, in
78:
These bands are used by powerful long range AM radio stations, many operated by governments, which broadcast to multiple countries. Most international broadcasters use
94:, allocates bands for various services in periodic conferences. The most recent WRC took place in 2012. At WRC-97 in 1997, the following bands were allocated for
148:
Mostly used locally in tropical regions, with limited long-distance reception at night. A notable example of a station using this band is
Canadian time station
251:
Most heavily used band. Good year-round night band; seasonal during the day, with best reception in winter. Time stations are clustered around 10 MHz.
991:
587:
Accessed 2011-10-20. (Archived by WebCite at https://www.webcitation.org/62aCbliW6?url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/terrestrial/broadcast/hf/wrc-03/index.html
454:. Most countries with HF citizens'-band allocations use 40 or 80 channels between approximately 26.5 MHz and 27.9 MHz, in 10 kHz steps.
589:
1699:
1671:
1666:
691:
228:
372:
Seldom used. Daytime reception is poor in the low solar cycle, but potentially excellent when the solar cycle (generally indicated by the
38:
in these frequency ranges can be used for very long distance (transcontinental) communication because they can reflect off layers of
478:
can be heard from 27.60125 to 27.99125 MHz in 10 kHz steps as well as the lower 26.965 to 27.405 MHz allocation.
1693:
457:
Due to antenna-length requirements and the band's long-distance propagation characteristics (undesirable in these cases), much
658:
604:
1688:
1678:
1658:
1460:
542:
91:
51:
825:
1750:
1683:
1529:
431:
87:
1455:
503:
Americas and
Australia has tended to use the civilian fixed, maritime mobile and aeronautical mobile allocations on an
1549:
380:
propagation. DRM has proposed that this band be used for local digital shortwave broadcasts, testing the concept in
1334:
882:
684:
1445:
436:
Amateur radio operators in many countries are allocated several shortwave bands for private, non-commercial use.
1440:
1465:
1740:
1501:
1398:
941:
736:
708:
125:
Mostly used locally in tropical regions, with time stations at 2.5 MHz. Although this is regarded as
1730:
1237:
677:
529:
equipment uses 27.12 MHz to heat bulk materials or adhesives for the purpose of drying or improving
1589:
1511:
1450:
1157:
95:
54:
for radio services such as maritime communications, international shortwave broadcasting and worldwide
586:
1361:
1322:
1167:
1067:
996:
929:
756:
66:
and possible communication distances vary depending on the time of day, the season and the level of
1720:
962:
897:
850:
810:
458:
1559:
1544:
1388:
1339:
1262:
1162:
840:
726:
721:
475:
1481:
1267:
1082:
1027:
1022:
835:
800:
339:
1383:
1187:
1152:
1072:
1052:
974:
862:
783:
716:
171:
after dark; not widely received in North and South
America. Shared with the North American
1297:
1257:
1227:
984:
919:
741:
605:
http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/consultations/cads_scheme/statement/statement.pdf
466:
79:
8:
1307:
1247:
1006:
968:
766:
751:
462:
389:
305:
149:
1771:
1534:
1491:
1422:
1292:
1222:
1197:
1132:
979:
700:
530:
393:
168:
1574:
1496:
1410:
1393:
1356:
1202:
1032:
1001:
867:
761:
451:
197:, especially Brazil, although widely usable at night. Time stations use 5 MHz.
63:
1242:
643:– Complete list of International Broadcasting Stations worldwide, frequently updated
1579:
1539:
1519:
1486:
1415:
1373:
1287:
1142:
1127:
1102:
1077:
1037:
887:
746:
731:
130:
39:
27:
1207:
1062:
830:
805:
793:
593:
525:, space research (FCC terminology) and standard- frequency-and-time services. RF
522:
481:
The UK and
Ireland both operate Community Audio Distribution (CADS) in the UK or
126:
83:
23:
1405:
1277:
1252:
1212:
1182:
1057:
892:
845:
820:
778:
562:
516:
510:
486:
285:
Substantially used in
Eurasia. Similar to the 19 m band; best in summer.
267:
31:
1765:
1554:
1327:
1317:
1232:
1122:
1117:
1107:
1092:
914:
773:
628:
437:
385:
233:
175:
172:
55:
666:– English and German languages monthly reports on HF amateur bands intruders
1432:
1272:
1217:
1147:
1112:
1047:
946:
936:
788:
377:
1632:
1282:
1192:
1177:
1137:
1097:
956:
381:
373:
323:
Day reception good; night reception varies seasonally, with summer best.
301:
67:
1637:
1344:
1042:
951:
907:
877:
855:
59:
43:
35:
1622:
1087:
902:
669:
526:
403:
655:– Easy to interrogate frequency schedules of short wave broadcasters
1617:
1607:
1524:
1349:
1172:
646:
499:
212:
Good year-round night band; daytime (long distance) reception poor
300:
Day reception good, night reception variable; best during summer.
1612:
1597:
815:
444:
194:
47:
1642:
1602:
924:
521:
Above 10 MHz there are numerous frequencies set aside for
1627:
1564:
872:
652:
498:
HF ham bands occur in Europe or Africa. Since the end of the
376:) is high. Nighttime reception nonexistent, except for local
663:
511:
Industrial/Scientific/Medical (ISM) and other HF allocations
1569:
620:
eng075 - UK Norfolk 11 mtr digital station sstv packet rtty
419:
415:
411:
407:
46:
and return to Earth beyond the horizon, a mechanism called
640:
422:
operated 90-meter stations at 3.185 and 3.195 MHz.
624:
585:
Introduction on digital technology in the HFBC bands
634:
619:
86:or reduced carrier single sideband modulation. The
82:with 5 kHz steps between channels; a few use
50:or “skip” propagation. They are allocated by the
1763:
396:(RPUs), from 25.87 to 26.1 MHz in FM mode.
73:
58:. The bands are conventionally named by their
631:and the body responsible for the ARRL Handbook
445:Marine, air, land mobile and fixed allocations
685:
229:International Telecommunication Union regions
22:are frequency allocations for use within the
62:in metres, for example the ‘20 meter band’.
1700:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
90:(WRC), organized under the auspices of the
1736:
692:
678:
414:and the 31-meter band extending as low as
637:– Canada's National Amateur Radio Society
1764:
699:
649:– Radio spectrum allocations reference
627:– the United States lobbying body for
16:List of shortwave radio spectrum bands
673:
543:World Administrative Radio Conference
92:International Telecommunication Union
1746:
432:Amateur radio frequency allocations
425:
88:World Radiocommunication Conference
13:
492:
268:the period before and after sunset
14:
1783:
613:
266:Generally best during summer and
1745:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1714:
1335:Free-space optical communication
664:IARU Region 1 Monitoring System
410:, the 41-meter band as high as
338:Lightly utilized; may become a
598:
579:
555:
483:Wireless Public Address System
1:
548:
74:International broadcast bands
1721:Telecommunication portal
1502:Telecommunications equipment
659:US Amateur Radio Bands chart
563:"Short wave broadcast bands"
406:, the 49-meter band down to
7:
1238:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
625:American Radio Relay League
536:
10:
1788:
942:Telecommunications history
514:
507:(non-interference) basis.
429:
232:part of the amateur radio
96:international broadcasting
1709:
1651:
1588:
1550:Public Switched Telephone
1510:
1474:
1431:
1372:
1362:telecommunication circuit
1323:Fiber-optic communication
1306:
1068:Francis Blake (telephone)
1015:
863:Optical telecommunication
707:
1461:Orbital angular-momentum
898:Satellite communications
737:Communications satellite
635:Radio Amateurs of Canada
1340:Molecular communication
1163:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
992:Undersea telegraph line
727:Cable protection system
418:. As recently as 2020,
193:Mostly used locally in
1482:Communication protocol
1268:Charles Sumner Tainter
1083:Walter Houser Brattain
1028:Edwin Howard Armstrong
836:Information revolution
461:activity has moved to
340:Digital Radio Mondiale
107:Frequency range (MHz)
1456:Polarization-division
1188:Narinder Singh Kapany
1153:Erna Schneider Hoover
1073:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1053:Alexander Graham Bell
784:online video platform
647:UnwantedEmissions.com
342:(DRM) band in future
1298:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1258:Almon Brown Strowger
1228:Charles Grafton Page
883:Prepaid mobile phone
811:Electrical telegraph
80:amplitude modulation
30:band and all of the
26:spectrum (the upper
1248:Johann Philipp Reis
1007:Wireless revolution
969:The Telephone Cases
826:Hydraulic telegraph
567:MonitoringTimes.com
394:remote pickup units
167:Mostly used in the
1446:Frequency-division
1423:Telephone exchange
1293:Charles Wheatstone
1223:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1198:Innocenzo Manzetti
1133:Reginald Fessenden
868:Optical telegraphy
701:Telecommunications
592:2008-04-15 at the
476:CB radio in the UK
374:number of sunspots
169:Eastern Hemisphere
152:on 3.33 MHz.
1759:
1758:
1497:Store and forward
1492:Data transmission
1406:Network switching
1357:Transmission line
1203:Guglielmo Marconi
1168:Internet pioneers
1033:Mohamed M. Atalla
1002:Whistled language
459:land-mobile radio
400:
399:
308:use 15 MHz.
64:Radio propagation
40:charged particles
1779:
1749:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1590:Notable networks
1580:Wireless network
1520:Cellular network
1512:Types of network
1487:Computer network
1374:Network topology
1288:Thomas A. Watson
1143:Oliver Heaviside
1128:Philo Farnsworth
1103:Daniel Davis Jr.
1078:Charles Bourseul
1038:John Logie Baird
747:Data compression
742:Computer network
694:
687:
680:
671:
670:
607:
602:
596:
583:
577:
576:
574:
573:
559:
426:Amateur HF bands
195:tropical regions
101:
100:
28:medium frequency
1787:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1715:
1713:
1705:
1647:
1584:
1506:
1470:
1427:
1376:
1368:
1309:
1302:
1208:Robert Metcalfe
1063:Tim Berners-Lee
1011:
831:Information Age
703:
698:
653:short-wave.info
616:
611:
610:
603:
599:
594:Wayback Machine
584:
580:
571:
569:
561:
560:
556:
551:
539:
523:radio astronomy
519:
513:
495:
493:Military HF use
487:cordless phones
452:VHF radio range
447:
434:
428:
369:
364:
354:
349:
335:
330:
320:
315:
297:
292:
282:
277:
263:
258:
248:
243:
224:
219:
209:
204:
190:
185:
164:
159:
145:
140:
122:
117:
84:single sideband
76:
24:shortwave radio
20:Shortwave bands
17:
12:
11:
5:
1785:
1775:
1774:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1743:
1733:
1723:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1441:Space-division
1437:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1278:Camille Tissot
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1253:Claude Shannon
1250:
1245:
1243:Tivadar Puskás
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:Antonio Meucci
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1183:Charles K. Kao
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1158:Harold Hopkins
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1058:Emile Berliner
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
997:Videotelephony
994:
989:
988:
987:
982:
972:
965:
960:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
933:
932:
927:
922:
912:
911:
910:
900:
895:
893:Radiotelephone
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
859:
858:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
797:
796:
791:
786:
781:
779:Internet video
771:
770:
769:
764:
759:
754:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
713:
711:
705:
704:
697:
696:
689:
682:
674:
668:
667:
661:
656:
650:
644:
638:
632:
622:
615:
614:External links
612:
609:
608:
597:
578:
553:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
538:
535:
517:ISM radio band
512:
509:
494:
491:
446:
443:
430:Main article:
427:
424:
416:9.265 MHz
398:
397:
370:
367:
365:
362:
359:
358:
355:
352:
350:
347:
344:
343:
336:
333:
331:
328:
325:
324:
321:
318:
316:
313:
310:
309:
298:
295:
293:
290:
287:
286:
283:
280:
278:
275:
272:
271:
264:
261:
259:
256:
253:
252:
249:
246:
244:
241:
238:
237:
234:40 m band
225:
222:
220:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
205:
202:
199:
198:
191:
188:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:80 m band
165:
162:
160:
157:
154:
153:
146:
143:
141:
138:
135:
134:
123:
120:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
75:
72:
68:solar activity
32:high frequency
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1784:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1752:
1744:
1742:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1722:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1466:Code-division
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:Time-division
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:and switching
1375:
1371:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:optical fiber
1326:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:Coaxial cable
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:Radia Perlman
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1123:Lee de Forest
1121:
1119:
1118:Thomas Edison
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:Donald Davies
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:Claude Chappe
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
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986:
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948:
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938:
937:Smoke signals
935:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
915:Semiconductor
913:
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829:
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809:
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804:
802:
799:
795:
792:
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787:
785:
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774:Digital media
772:
768:
765:
763:
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758:
755:
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750:
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745:
743:
740:
738:
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723:
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695:
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683:
681:
676:
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654:
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648:
645:
642:
641:EiBi & DX
639:
636:
633:
630:
629:amateur radio
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
606:
601:
595:
591:
588:
582:
568:
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558:
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541:
540:
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532:
528:
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508:
506:
501:
490:
488:
484:
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477:
471:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
442:
439:
438:Amateur radio
433:
423:
421:
417:
413:
412:7.78 MHz
409:
405:
404:5.13 MHz
395:
391:
390:Citizens band
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
361:
360:
356:
351:
346:
345:
341:
337:
332:
327:
326:
322:
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312:
311:
307:
303:
302:Time stations
299:
294:
289:
288:
284:
279:
274:
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269:
265:
260:
255:
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245:
240:
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226:
221:
216:
215:
211:
206:
201:
200:
196:
192:
187:
182:
181:
177:
174:
173:amateur radio
170:
166:
161:
156:
155:
151:
147:
142:
137:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
114:
113:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:amateur radio
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1433:Multiplexing
1308:Transmission
1273:Nikola Tesla
1263:Henry Sutton
1218:Samuel Morse
1148:Robert Hooke
1113:Amos Dolbear
1048:John Bardeen
967:
947:Telautograph
851:Mobile phone
806:Edholm's law
789:social media
722:Broadcasting
600:
581:
570:. Retrieved
566:
557:
520:
504:
496:
480:
472:
456:
448:
435:
408:5.8 MHz
401:
77:
19:
18:
1633:NPL network
1345:Radio waves
1283:Alfred Vail
1193:Hedy Lamarr
1178:Dawon Kahng
1138:Elisha Gray
1098:Yogen Dalal
1023:Nasir Ahmed
957:Teleprinter
821:Heliographs
382:Mexico City
353:21.45–21.85
281:13.57–13.87
270:year-round
36:Radio waves
1679:Antarctica
1638:Toasternet
1560:Television
1043:Paul Baran
975:Television
959:(teletype)
952:Telegraphy
930:transistor
908:Phryctoria
878:Photophone
856:Smartphone
846:Mass media
572:2010-11-19
549:References
515:See also:
378:groundwave
368:25.67–26.1
334:18.9–19.02
319:17.48–17.9
296:15.1–15.83
189:4.75–4.995
129:, it is a
116:120 m
60:wavelength
44:ionosphere
1772:Bandplans
1663:Americas
1652:Locations
1623:Internet2
1384:Bandwidth
1088:Vint Cerf
985:streaming
963:Telephone
903:Semaphore
794:streaming
527:diathermy
363:11 m
348:13 m
329:15 m
314:16 m
291:19 m
276:22 m
262:11.6–12.1
257:25 m
242:31 m
218:41 m
203:49 m
184:60 m
158:75 m
139:90 m
127:shortwave
121:2.3–2.495
1766:Category
1731:Category
1618:Internet
1608:CYCLADES
1525:Ethernet
1475:Concepts
1399:terminal
1350:wireless
1173:Bob Kahn
1016:Pioneers
841:Internet
732:Cable TV
590:Archived
537:See also
500:Cold War
304:such as
223:7.2–7.45
110:Remarks
1751:Commons
1741:Outline
1694:Oceania
1613:FidoNet
1598:ARPANET
1411:circuit
980:digital
709:History
247:9.4–9.9
208:5.9–6.2
144:3.2–3.4
48:skywave
42:in the
34:band).
1689:Europe
1659:Africa
1643:Usenet
1603:BITNET
1540:Mobile
1416:packet
925:MOSFET
920:device
717:Beacon
531:curing
505:ad hoc
133:band.
1672:South
1667:North
1628:JANET
1565:Telex
1555:Radio
1394:Nodes
1389:Links
1310:media
888:Radio
873:Pager
801:Drums
767:video
762:image
752:audio
163:3.9–4
104:Band
1684:Asia
1570:UUCP
1530:ISDN
420:WWRB
386:2005
1575:WAN
1545:NGN
1535:LAN
816:Fax
757:DCT
467:UHF
465:or
463:VHF
384:in
306:WWV
150:CHU
52:ITU
1768::
565:.
489:.
388:.
236:.
178:.
131:MF
98::
70:.
1702:)
1698:(
693:e
686:t
679:v
575:.
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