179:
eastern segment of the
Huashan Fault, and to the north by a fault along the southern edge of the Zhongtiao range, the South Zhongtiaoshan Fault. The Sanmenxia Basin shares a similar history with the Weihe Basin, containing a thick sequence of continental clastic sedimentary rocks, with the oldest part of the succession being of Eocene age. Despite their similarities the two basins appear to have remained separate until at least the late Pliocene, when they were connected by the
20:
209:
This SW–NE trending basin is 148 km (92 mi)m in length and about 42 km (26 mi) in width, with a total area of 6,200 km (2,400 sq mi). It is bounded to the northwest by the
Jiaocheng Fault and the southeast by the Taigu Fault. It is markedly asymmetric with a maximum
127:
The west–east trending Weihe Basin has a mainly half-graben geometry, thickening southwards into the large normal faults that form the boundary on its southern side with the mountains of the
Qinling orogenic belt. The two main faults are the North Qinling Fault, which runs from the western end of the
218:
Also known as the
Xinzhou–Dingxian Basin, this SW–NE trending half-graben has its main faulted boundary on its southeastern margin as the Xizhoushan Fault against the Xizhouan range. The sedimentary fill of this basin reaches a maximum of about 1.8 km (1.1 mi). In some descriptions of the
219:
Shanxi Rift System, this basin name has been used to cover three sub-basins, the
Dingxiang, Yuanping and Daixian. The Daixian sub-basin has a half-graben geometry and is bounded to the southeast by the Wutaishan Fault. It has a maximum sedimentary infill of about 1,800 m of Pliocene to recent age.
93:
The Shanxi Rift System is named for the province of Shanxi as that defines the extent of the rift zone, apart from the Weihe Basin, which is in
Shaanxi province. The combined Weihe and Shanxi rift systems are sometimes referred to as the Weihe-Shanxi Rift System. The alternative name, the Fen-Wei
227:
Subsidence in the Datong Basin is controlled by the SW–NE trending, SE-dipping
Kouquan Fault and the WSW–ENE trending, NNW-dipping Liulengshan Piedmont and Hengshan Piedmont faults. Other smaller basins form part of the northern sector of the rift system south and east of the Datong Basin. These
178:
to the north. The basin is 120 km (75 mi) long and 20 to 30 km (12 to 19 mi) wide, with a maximum fill of about 4 km (2.5 mi). It is continuous with the Weihe Basin to the west. Tectonically it is bound to the south by the
Sanmenxia-Lingbao Fault, which links to the
110:
The rift system runs for over 900 km (560 mi) between the
Qinling orogenic belt in the south to the Yinshan-Yanshan orogenic belt in the north, varying in width from 40 to 120 km (25 to 75 mi). It has an overall S-shaped geometry, trending WSW–ENE to SW-NE at its southern and
200:
The Linfen Basin lies to the north of the
Yuncheng Basin, from which it is separated by the E'mei highlands. It has the opposite polarity, that is the boundary fault that controls the half-graben, the Louyunshan Fault, in this case lies on the northwest side of the basin, against the Luoyunshan
191:
This SW–NE trending basin is a strongly asymmetric half-graben with southeastward thickening into the large normal fault along the northwestern side of the Zhongtiao range, the North Zhongtiaoshan Fault. It contains a maximum thickness of over 5 km (3.1 mi) of sedimentary rocks, which
228:
include the Yangyuan Basin (controlled by the Liulengshan Fault), the Hunyuan Basin (controlled by the Hengshan Fault), the Yu-Guang Basin (controlled by the South Yu-Guang Basin Fault) and the Lingqiu Basin (controlled by the Taibaiweishan Fault), all of which have a half-graben geometry.
236:
The rift system is one of the most seismically active areas in northern China. There have been many major (M>6) earthquakes with epicentres in or close to the rift system, with 16 such events since 1300. The sequence of large earthquakes has been explained as mainly a result of
210:
thickness developed against the Jiaocheng Fault to the northwest of about 3.8 km (2.4 mi), with a sedimentary fill ranging in age from Pliocene to recent. The thickness in this basin reduces to less than 1 km (0.62 mi) on its southeastern edge.
714:
Liu, J.; Chen, X.; Shi, W.; Chen, P.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, J.; Dong, S.; Li, T. (2019). "Tectonically controlled evolution of the Yellow River drainage system in the Weihe region, North China: Constraints from sedimentation, mineralogy and geochemistry".
306:
Shi, W.; Cen, M.; Chen, L.; Wang, L.; Chen, X.; Li, J.; Chen, P. (2015). "Evolution of the late Cenozoic tectonic stress regime in the Shanxi Rift, central North China Plate inferred from new fault kinematic analysis".
162:. During the Paleogene the basin initiated as a result of NW–SE directed extension. After a brief period of NE–SW directed extension in the Pleistocene, the current tectonic setting, NNW–SSE directed extension began.
241:
by each earthquake. Modelling of stress changes starting with the 1303 Hongdong earthquake, have estimated that three-quarters of M≥6.5 events in the rift system occurred in areas of stress increase.
955:
Yang, C.; Zhang, Q.; Zhao, C.; Wang, Q.; Ji, L. (2014). "Monitoring land subsidence and fault deformation using the small baseline subset InSAR technique: A case study in the Datong Basin, China".
49:
in northern China. The zone extends for at least 900 km (560 mi) and runs south-southwest to north-northeast. The individual rift basins that make up the rift system have an overall
585:
Sun, J. (2005). "Long-term fluvial archives in the Fen Wei Graben, central China, and their bearing on the tectonic history of the India–Asia collision system during the Quaternary".
57:
age, which ranges from 2.0 to 3.8 km (1.2 to 2.4 mi) in thickness. The rift system is continuous with the Weihe Basin to the southwest, which became active during the
139:
The maximum thickness of Cenozoic sedimentary fill in the basin is estimated to be in the range 4 to 6 km (2.5 to 3.7 mi). The oldest unit is thought to be of
192:
extend back in age to the Late Miocene. The sequence thins northwards to a few hundred metres, with pre-Cenozoic basement rock locally exposed in the E'mei highlands.
489:
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
431:
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
119:
The main individual rift basins that make up the rift system, from south to north, are the Weihe, Sanmenxia, Yuncheng, Linfen, Taiyuan, Xinding and Datong basins.
992:"A test of the oblique-rifting model for transfer zone deformation in the northern Fen-Wei Rift: Implications from the 1989 M 6.1 Datong-Yanggao earthquake swarm"
384:
1041:"Coulomb stress evolution in the Shanxi rift system, North China, since 1303 associated with coseismic, post-seismic and interseismic deformation"
519:"Coulomb stress evolution in the Shanxi rift system, North China, since 1303 associated with coseismic, post-seismic and interseismic deformation"
53:
geometry, consistent with a right lateral sense of strike-slip displacement across the zone. The basins contain a thick sedimentary sequence of
344:"The CE 1303 Hongdong Earthquake and the Huoshan Piedmont Fault, Shanxi Graben: Implications for Magnitude Limits of Normal Fault Earthquakes"
201:
range. The maximum thickness of the upper Miocene to recent sedimentary fill is in the range 1.8 to 2.2 km (1.1 to 1.4 mi).
132:. To the east the main basin-bounding fault steps to the north in the form of the Huashan Fault, which continues eastward to near
385:"Late Quaternary Activity of the Huashan Piedmont Fault and Associated Hazards in the Southeastern Weihe Graben, Central China"
622:"Geomorphology and Paleoseismology of the Weinan Fault, Shaanxi, Central China, and the Source of the 1556 Huaxian Earthquake"
675:"Contemporary kinematics of the Ordos block, North China and its adjacent rift systems constrained by dense GPS observations"
258:
Peltzer, G.; Tapponier, P.; Zhitao, Z.; Qin, X.Z. (1985). "Neogene and Quaternary faulting in and along the Qinling Shan".
1083:
550:
Yueqiao, Z.; Yinsheng, M.; Nong, Y.; Wei, S.; Shuwen, D. (2003). "Cenozoic extensional stress evolution in North China".
65:
that bound the Weihe and Shanxi rift basins has caused many large and damaging historical earthquakes, including the
422:
799:
Shi, W.; Dong, S.; Hu, J. (2020). "Neotectonics around the Ordos Block, North China: A review and new insights".
484:
760:"Dynamic Divide Migration as a Response to Asymmetric Uplift: An Example from the Zhongtiao Shan, North China"
426:
143:
age, dating the onset of rifting in this basin to the Eocene. The sequence consists of continental clastic
469:
621:
1078:
163:
460:
174:
The Sanmenxia Basin trends WSW–ENE and lies between the Qinling orogenic belt to the south and the
66:
238:
159:
74:
70:
849:
Clinkscales, C.; Kapp, P.; Thomson, S.; Wang, H.; Laskowski, A.; Orme, D.A.; Pullen, A. (2021).
82:
78:
42:
1003:
964:
911:
862:
808:
771:
724:
686:
636:
594:
559:
396:
358:
316:
267:
851:"Regional Exhumation and Tectonic History of the Shanxi Rift and Taihangshan, North China"
8:
175:
156:
1007:
968:
915:
866:
812:
775:
728:
690:
640:
620:
Feng, X.; Ma, J.; Zhou, Y.; England, P.; Parsons, B.; Rizza, M.A.; Walker, R.T. (2020).
598:
563:
400:
362:
320:
271:
1021:
932:
899:
880:
824:
740:
652:
283:
1025:
937:
884:
828:
744:
656:
342:
Xu, Yueren; He, Honglin; Deng, Qidong; Allen, Mark B.; Sun, Haoyue; Bi, Lisi (2018),
152:
820:
606:
1052:
1011:
972:
927:
919:
870:
816:
779:
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602:
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530:
492:
434:
404:
366:
324:
287:
275:
144:
736:
699:
674:
328:
923:
1016:
991:
976:
571:
1072:
408:
941:
180:
133:
62:
39:
673:
Zhao, B.; Zhang, C.; Wang, D.; Huan, Y.; Tan, K.; Du, R.; Liu, J. (2017).
1057:
1040:
875:
850:
648:
535:
518:
370:
343:
140:
46:
24:
111:
northern ends and trending SSW–NNE in the main part of the rift system.
784:
759:
50:
496:
438:
279:
99:
95:
58:
148:
129:
54:
482:
421:
136:, where it forms the southern boundary to the Sanmenxia Basin.
23:
Map of the Shanxi Rift System along the eastern margin of the
19:
383:
Du, Jianjun; Li, Dunpeng; Wang, Yufang; Ma, Yinsheng (2017).
900:"A probabilistic method for mapping earth fissure hazards"
848:
257:
166:
data are unable to constrain current displacement rates.
844:
842:
840:
838:
990:
Zhou, Y.-Q.; Guo, Y.; Bornyakov, S.A.; Ma, J. (2019).
549:
835:
989:
954:
672:
668:
666:
619:
1070:
1038:
543:
516:
251:
458:
301:
299:
297:
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891:
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663:
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510:
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305:
897:
792:
707:
341:
1032:
898:Zang, M.; Peng, J.; Xu, N.; Jia, Z. (2021).
751:
629:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
351:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
294:
758:Su, Q.; Wang, ZX.; Lu, H.; Xie, H. (2020).
757:
503:
102:which drain through most of the rift zone.
382:
1056:
1039:Li, B.; Sørensen, B.; Atakan, K. (2015).
1015:
931:
874:
798:
783:
698:
534:
517:Li, B.; Sørensen, B.; Atakan, K. (2015).
485:"Significant Earthquake Information 1815"
483:National Geophysical Data Center (1972).
427:"Significant Earthquake Information 1626"
578:
476:
415:
18:
1071:
452:
45:that forms the eastern margin of the
584:
13:
335:
169:
14:
1095:
1045:Geophysical Journal International
523:Geophysical Journal International
186:
996:Geodynamics & Tectonophysics
423:National Geophysical Data Center
239:modification of the stress field
213:
204:
821:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102969
717:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
679:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
607:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.08.018
309:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
222:
195:
88:
376:
122:
94:Rift System, derives from the
1:
459:Pradeep Talwani (2015). "5".
244:
231:
737:10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.05.008
700:10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.12.045
329:10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.04.044
85:(>13,000 deaths) events.
7:
16:Geological feature in China
10:
1100:
1084:Cenozoic rifts and grabens
924:10.1038/s41598-021-87995-1
587:Quaternary Science Reviews
470:Cambridge University Press
1017:10.5800/GT-2019-10-1-0403
977:10.1016/j.jog.2014.02.002
572:10.1016/j.jog.2003.08.001
114:
105:
160:sedimentary environments
81:(>52,600 deaths) and
409:10.1111/1755-6724.13064
61:. Rupture of the major
957:Journal of Geodynamics
552:Journal of Geodynamics
462:Intraplate Earthquakes
69:(>200,000 deaths),
27:
801:Earth-Science Reviews
389:Acta Geologica Sinica
128:basin to just beyond
43:extensional tectonics
22:
876:10.1029/2020TC006416
649:10.1029/2019JB017848
593:(10–11): 1279–1286.
371:10.1002/2017JB014928
77:(>5,200 deaths),
1008:2019GeTec..10...43Z
969:2014JGeo...75...34Y
916:2021NatSR..11.8841Z
867:2021Tecto..4006416C
813:2020ESRv..20002969S
776:2020RemS...12.4188S
729:2019JAESc.179..350L
691:2017JAESc.135..257Z
641:2020JGRB..12517848F
599:2005QSRv...24.1279S
564:2003JGeo...36..591Y
401:2017AcGlS..91...76D
363:2018JGRB..123.3098X
321:2015JAESc.114...54S
272:1985Natur.317..500P
176:Zhongtiao Mountains
36:Fen–Wei Rift System
1058:10.1093/gji/ggv384
904:Scientific Reports
785:10.3390/rs12244188
536:10.1093/gji/ggv384
73:(830,000 deaths),
32:Shanxi Rift System
28:
266:(6037): 500–505.
145:sedimentary rocks
1091:
1079:Geology of China
1063:
1062:
1060:
1051:(3): 1642–1664.
1036:
1030:
1029:
1019:
987:
981:
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952:
946:
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661:
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547:
541:
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529:(3): 1642–1664.
514:
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497:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
480:
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467:
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450:
449:
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357:(4): 3098–3121,
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280:10.1038/317500a0
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170:Sanmenxia Basin
147:, deposited in
125:
117:
108:
91:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1097:
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1031:
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947:
890:
834:
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764:Remote Sensing
750:
706:
662:
612:
577:
558:(5): 591–613.
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248:
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233:
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187:Yuncheng Basin
185:
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124:
121:
116:
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107:
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90:
87:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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214:Xinding Basin
211:
205:Taiyuan Basin
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68:
67:1303 Hongdong
64:
63:normal faults
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:
38:is a zone of
37:
33:
26:
21:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1002:(1): 43–51.
999:
995:
985:
963:(4): 34–40.
960:
956:
950:
907:
903:
893:
858:
854:
804:
800:
794:
770:(24): 4188.
767:
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632:
628:
615:
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442:. Retrieved
430:
417:
395:(1): 76–92.
392:
388:
378:
354:
350:
337:
315:(1): 54–72.
312:
308:
263:
259:
253:
235:
226:
223:Datong Basin
217:
208:
199:
196:Linfen Basin
190:
181:Yellow River
173:
138:
126:
118:
109:
92:
89:Nomenclature
75:1626 Lingqiu
71:1556 Shaanxi
35:
31:
29:
910:(1): 8841.
723:: 350–364.
685:: 257–267.
141:Late Eocene
123:Weihe Basin
83:1815 Pinglu
79:1695 Linfen
47:Ordos Block
25:Ordos Block
1073:Categories
807:: 102969.
444:2 December
245:References
232:Seismicity
157:lacustrine
100:Wei Rivers
51:en echelon
1026:223917668
885:234250600
855:Tectonics
829:210616833
745:164514749
657:228829854
59:Paleogene
942:33893365
425:(1972).
149:alluvial
98:and the
1004:Bibcode
965:Bibcode
933:8065142
912:Bibcode
863:Bibcode
809:Bibcode
772:Bibcode
725:Bibcode
687:Bibcode
637:Bibcode
595:Bibcode
560:Bibcode
397:Bibcode
359:Bibcode
317:Bibcode
288:4358604
268:Bibcode
153:fluvial
134:Lingbao
55:Neogene
1024:
940:
930:
883:
827:
743:
655:
635:(12).
286:
260:Nature
115:Basins
106:Extent
40:active
1022:S2CID
881:S2CID
861:(3).
825:S2CID
741:S2CID
653:S2CID
625:(PDF)
466:(PDF)
347:(PDF)
284:S2CID
130:Xi'an
938:PMID
446:2021
155:and
30:The
1053:doi
1049:203
1012:doi
973:doi
928:PMC
920:doi
871:doi
817:doi
805:200
780:doi
733:doi
721:179
695:doi
683:135
645:doi
633:125
603:doi
568:doi
531:doi
527:203
493:doi
435:doi
405:doi
367:doi
355:123
325:doi
313:114
276:doi
264:317
164:GPS
96:Fen
34:or
1075::
1047:.
1043:.
1020:.
1010:.
1000:10
998:.
994:.
971:.
961:75
959:.
936:.
926:.
918:.
908:11
906:.
902:.
879:.
869:.
859:40
857:.
853:.
837:^
823:.
815:.
803:.
778:.
768:12
766:.
762:.
739:.
731:.
719:.
693:.
681:.
677:.
665:^
651:.
643:.
631:.
627:.
601:.
591:24
589:.
566:.
556:36
554:.
525:.
521:.
505:^
491:.
487:.
468:.
433:.
429:.
403:.
393:91
391:.
387:.
365:,
353:,
349:,
323:.
311:.
296:^
282:.
274:.
262:.
183:.
151:,
1061:.
1055::
1028:.
1014::
1006::
979:.
975::
967::
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