4618:'s story is highly irritating from a perspective of cultural hegemony. The Injun elder does not only willingly share their spirituality with the white intruder but, in fact, must come to the conclusion that this intruder is as good an Indian as they are themselves. Regarding Indian spirituality, the Plastic Shaman even out-Indians the actual ones. The messianic element, which Plastic Shamanism financially draws on, is installed in the Yoda-like elder themselves. They are the ones â while melodramatically parting from their spiritual offshoot â who urge the Plastic Shaman to share their gift with the rest of the world. Thus Plastic Shamans wipe their hands clean of any megalomaniac or missionizing undertones. Licensed by the authority of an Indian elder, they now have every right to spread their wisdom, and if they make (quite more than) a buck with it, then so be it.--The neocolonial ideology attached to this scenario leaves less room for cynicism."
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claimed to be cured by gifting, flattering, threatening, or wrestling the disease-spirit (sometimes trying all these, sequentially), and which may be completed by displaying a supposedly extracted token of the disease-spirit (displaying this, even if "fraudulent", is supposed to impress the disease-spirit that it has been, or is in the process of being, defeated so that it will retreat and stay out of the patient's body), or else mental (including psychosomatic) afflictionsâsuch as persistent terror, which is likewise believed to be cured by similar methods. In most languages a different term other than the one translated "shaman" is usually applied to a religious official leading sacrificial rites ("priest"), or to a raconteur ("sage") of traditional lore; there may be more of an overlap in functions (with that of a shaman), however, in the case of an interpreter of omens or of dreams.
4072:, Singh argues that humans search for ways of influencing uncertain events, such as healing illness, controlling rain, or attracting animals. As specialists compete to help their clients control these outcomes, they drive the evolution of psychologically compelling magic, producing traditions adapted to people's cognitive biases. Shamanism, Singh argues, is the culmination of this cultural evolutionary processâa psychologically appealing method for controlling uncertainty. For example, some shamanic practices exploit our intuitions about humanness: Practitioners use trance and dramatic initiations to seemingly become entities distinct from normal humans and thus more apparently capable of interacting with the invisible forces believed to oversee important outcomes. Influential cognitive and anthropological scientists, such as
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not be accurately represented by a single concept. Billy-Ray
Belcourt, an author and award-winning scholar from the Driftpile Cree Nation in Canada, argues that using language with the intention of simplifying culture that is diverse, such as Shamanism, as it is prevalent in communities around the world and is made up of many complex components, works to conceal the complexities of the social and political violence that Indigenous communities have experienced at the hands of settlers. Belcourt argues that language used to imply âsimplicityâ in regards to Indigenous culture, is a tool used to belittle Indigenous cultures, as it views Indigenous communities solely as a result of a history embroiled in violence, that leaves Indigenous communities only capable of simplicity and plainness.
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4178:, theoretical approaches to shamanism, and examples of "mutually opposing symbols" in academic studies of Siberian lore, distinguishing a "white" shaman who contacts sky spirits for good aims by day, from a "black" shaman who contacts evil spirits for bad aims by night. (Series of such opposing symbols referred to a world-view behind them. Analogously to the way grammar arranges words to express meanings and convey a world, also this formed a cognitive map). Shaman's lore is rooted in the folklore of the community, which provides a "mythological mental map."
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community. This is particularly evident in shamanism, where the shaman addresses not only physical symptoms but also the spiritual and communal aspects of illness. The shaman's role is to restore harmony within the individual and the community, reinforcing the social bonds believed to influence health. Joralemon emphasizes that in both traditional and modern medical practices, disease is not merely a biological fact but a social phenomenon, shaped by the cultural and societal contexts in which it occurs .
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post-1990/post-communist
Mongolia. This process has also been documented by Swiss anthropologist Judith Hangartner in her landmark study of Darhad shamans in Mongolia. Historian Karena Kollmar-Polenz argues that the social construction and reification of shamanism as a religious "other" actually began with the 18th-century writings of Tibetan Buddhist monks in Mongolia and later "probably influenced the formation of European discourse on Shamanism".
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local shaman-hood. Although the shaman is often believed and trusted precisely because they "accommodate" to the beliefs of the community, several parts of the knowledge related to the local shamanhood consist of personal experiences of the shaman, or root in their family life, thus, those are lost with their death. Besides that, in many cultures, the entire traditional belief system has become endangered (often together with a partial or total
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these contexts is multifaceted, encompassing physical, social, and cultural dimensions. Anthropologists Nancy
Scheper-Hughes and Margaret Lock expand on this by introducing the idea of "the three bodies": the "individual body," relating to personal health experiences; the "social body," connecting health to social and cultural values; and the "body politic," reflecting the influence of power structures on health outcomes.
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are given by his partner spirit. Since it obliges the shaman to use his gift and to work regularly in this capacity, the spirit rewards him with the goods that it receives. These goods, however, are only "welcome addenda". They are not enough to enable a full-time shaman. Shamans live like any other member of the group, as a hunter or housewife. Due to the popularity of
2779:'." Shamanism encompasses the premise that shamans are intermediaries or messengers between the human world and the spirit worlds. Shamans are said to treat ailments and illnesses by mending the soul. Alleviating traumas affecting the soul or spirit are believed to restore the physical body of the individual to balance and wholeness. Shamans also claim to enter
3620:. The spirit guide energizes the shamans, enabling them to enter the spiritual dimension. Shamans claim to heal within the communities and the spiritual dimension by returning lost parts of the human soul from wherever they have gone. Shamans also claim to cleanse excess negative energies, which are said to confuse or pollute the soul. Shamans act as
2865:. She argues that these expression are unique to each culture that uses them and that such practices cannot be generalized easily, accurately, or usefully into a global religion of shamanism. Because of this, Kehoe is also highly critical of the hypothesis that shamanism is an ancient, unchanged, and surviving religion from the Paleolithic period.
3372:. Beliefs related to spirits can explain many different phenomena. For example, the importance of storytelling, or acting as a singer, can be understood better if the whole belief system is examined. A person who can memorize long texts or songs, and play an instrument, may be regarded as the beneficiary of contact with the spirits (e.g.
4257:), with the other people of the community remembering the associated beliefs and practices (or the language at all) grew old or died, many folklore memories, songs, and texts were forgottenâwhich may threaten even such peoples who could preserve their isolation until the middle of the 20th century, like the
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Shamanism, religious phenomenon centred on the shaman, a person believed to achieve various powers through trance or ecstatic religious experience. Although shamans' repertoires vary from one culture to the next, they are typically thought to have the ability to heal the sick, to communicate with the
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also mentions that, despite really astonishing similarities, there is no unity in shamanism. The various, fragmented shamanistic practices and beliefs coexist with other beliefs everywhere. There is no record of pure shamanistic societies (although their existence is not impossible). Norwegian social
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to obtain solutions to problems afflicting the community. Shamans claim to visit other worlds or dimensions to bring guidance to misguided souls and to ameliorate illnesses of the human soul caused by foreign elements. Shamans operate primarily within the spiritual world, which, they believe, in turn
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After exemplifying the general decline even in the most remote areas, there are revitalizations or tradition-preserving efforts as a response. Besides collecting the memories, there are also tradition-preserving and even revitalization efforts, led by authentic former shamans (for example among the
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There are two major frameworks among cognitive and evolutionary scientists for explaining shamanism. The first, proposed by anthropologist
Michael Winkelman, is known as the "neurotheological theory". According to Winkelman, shamanism develops reliably in human societies because it provides valuable
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Shamanism is based on the premise that the visible world is pervaded by invisible forces or spirits which affect the lives of the living. Although the causes of disease lie in the spiritual realm, inspired by malicious spirits, both spiritual and physical methods are used to heal. Commonly, a shaman
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of other parts of Asia, Africa, Australasia and even completely unrelated parts of the
Americas, as they believed these practices to be similar to one another. While the term has been incorrectly applied by cultural outsiders to many Indigenous spiritual practices, the words âshamanâ and âshamanismâ
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In many societies where shamanism is practiced, the understanding and treatment of illness are closely tied to social and cultural processes. Disease is often seen not just as a biological condition but as a disruption in the balance of spiritual and social relationships. The concept of the body in
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is used by shamans of several peoples in
Siberia. The beating of the drum allows the shaman to achieve an altered state of consciousness or to travel on a journey between the physical and spiritual worlds. Much fascination surrounds the role that the acoustics of the drum play to the shaman. Shaman
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The term has been criticized for its perceived colonial roots, and as a tool to perpetuate perceived contemporary linguistic colonialism. By
Western scholars, the term "shamanism" is used to refer to a variety of different cultures and practices around the world, which can vary dramatically and may
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There is no single agreed-upon definition for the word "shamanism" among anthropologists. Thomas
Downson suggests three shared elements of shamanism: practitioners consistently alter consciousness, the community regards altering consciousness as an important ritual practice, and the knowledge about
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epic text details the wonderful deeds of the ancient "first shaman" Kara-GĂŒrgĂ€n: he could even compete with God, create life, steal back the soul of the sick from God without his consent. A subsequent text laments that shamans of older times were stronger, possessing capabilities like omnividence,
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According to anthropologist Donald
Joralemon, the practice of medicine is inherently a social process, both in shamanistic societies and contemporary biomedicine. Joralemon argues that healing rituals, diagnoses, and treatments are deeply embedded in the cultural norms and social expectations of a
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were 50 complete tortoise shells, a human foot, and certain body parts from animals such as a cow tail and eagle wings. Other animal remains came from a boar, leopard, and two martens. "It seems that the woman ⊠was perceived as being in a close relationship with these animal spirits", researchers
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The way shamans get sustenance and take part in everyday life varies across cultures. In many Inuit groups, they provide services for the community and get a "due payment", and believe the payment is given to the helping spirits. An account states that the gifts and payments that a shaman receives
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Many shamans have expert knowledge of medicinal plants native to their area, and an herbal treatment is often prescribed. In many places shamans learn directly from the plants, harnessing their effects and healing properties, after obtaining permission from the indwelling or patron spirits. In the
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Despite structural implications of colonialism and imperialism that have limited the ability of
Indigenous peoples to practice traditional spiritualities, many communities are undergoing resurgence through self-determination and the reclamation of dynamic traditions. Other groups have been able to
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In most affected areas, shamanic practices ceased to exist, with authentic shamans dying and their personal experiences dying with them. The loss of memories is not always lessened by the fact the shaman is not always the only person in a community who knows the beliefs and motives related to the
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The neurotheological theory contrasts with the "by-product" or "subjective" model of shamanism developed by Harvard anthropologist Manvir Singh. According to Singh, shamanism is a cultural technology that adapts to (or hacks) our psychological biases to convince us that a specialist can influence
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The responsibilities of a shaman may include either guiding to their proper abode the souls of the dead (which may be guided either one-at-a-time or in a group, depending on the culture), and the curing of ailments. The ailments may be either purely physical afflictionsâsuch as disease, which are
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Where a Shaman is present within a community - the group determines whether an individual is true Shaman or not. The group also determines whether an individual is sick and doomed by sorcery, this is where a Shaman is given the role to dispel an illness. The Shaman does not become a great Shaman
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Furthermore, due to the predominant number of female shamans over males, shamanism was and continues to be an integral part of womenâs economic liberation. Shamanism often serves as an economic resource due to the requirement of payment for service. This economic revenue was vital for female
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in Latin America, exists in many societies. Other societies assert all shamans have the power to both cure and kill. Those with shamanic knowledge usually enjoy great power and prestige in the community, but they may also be regarded suspiciously or fearfully as potentially harmful to others.
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shamans, especially those living during the Chosun Dynasty in Korea (A.D. 1392â1910). In a culture that disapproved of female economic autonomy, the practice of shamanism allowed women to advance themselves financially and independently, in a way that had not been possible for them before.
4192:, or "ethnohermeneutics", interpretation. HoppĂĄl extended the term to include not only the interpretation of oral and written texts, but that of "visual texts as well (including motions, gestures and more complex rituals, and ceremonies performed, for instance, by shamans)". Revealing the
2934:(with an estimated population of 3000 people surviving from this tribe). Tuva is one of the most isolated Asiatic tribes in Russia where the art of shamanism has been preserved until today due to its isolated existence, allowing it to be free from the influences of other major religions.
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Dulam Bumochir has affirmed the above critiques of "shamanism" as a Western construct created for comparative purposes and, in an extensive article, has documented the role of Mongols themselves, particularly "the partnership of scholars and shamans in the reconstruction of shamanism" in
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benefits to the practitioner, their group, and individual clients. In particular, the trance states induced by dancing, hallucinogens, and other triggers are hypothesized to have an "integrative" effect on cognition, allowing communication among mental systems that specialize in
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and for avoiding resource depletion through overhunting. This system is conceptualized mythologically and symbolically by the belief that breaking hunting restrictions may cause illness. The shaman is able to "release" game animals, or their souls, from their hidden abodes. The
7999:. Actes du colloque « Aux origines du monothĂ©isme et du scepticisme religieux » organisĂ© Ă Louvain-la-Neuve les 7 et 8 juin 2013 par le Centre d'histoire des Religions Cardinal Julien Ries , Turnhout, Brepols, coll. Homo Religiosus sĂ©rie II, 14, 2015, pp. 247â60.
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were once a widespread (and very diverse) phenomenon, but today is rarely practiced, as well as already having been in decline among many groups, even while the first major ethnological research was being done, e.g. among Inuit, at the end of the 19th century, Sagloq, the last
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in their cultures. Shamans claim to communicate with the spirits on behalf of the community, including the spirits of the deceased. Shamans believe they can communicate with both living and dead to alleviate unrest, unsettled issues, and to deliver gifts to the spirits.
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questions this connection on linguistic grounds: "The possibility cannot be completely rejected, but neither should it be accepted without reservation since the assumed derivational relationship is phonologically irregular (note especially the vowel quantities)."
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also discusses whether the term "shamanism" is appropriate. He notes that for many readers, "-ism" implies a particular dogma, like Buddhism, Catholicism or Judaism. He recommends using the term "shamanhood" or "shamanship" (a term used in old Russian and German
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Beliefs and practices categorized as "shamanic" have attracted the interest of scholars from a variety of disciplines, including anthropologists, archeologists, historians, religious studies scholars, philosophers and psychologists. Hundreds of books and
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reports at the beginning of the 20th century) for stressing the diversity and the specific features of the discussed cultures. He believes that this places more stress on the local variations and emphasizes that shamanism is not a religion of sacred
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may prescribe the behavior of people towards game, so that the souls of the animals do not feel angry or hurt, or the pleased soul of the already killed prey can tell the other, still living animals, that they can allow themselves to be caught and
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that is perceived as one of the earliest-known shaman burials. The elderly woman had been arranged on her side, with her legs apart and folded inward at the knee. Ten large stones were placed on the head, pelvis, and arms. Among her unusual
2764:-speaking peoples. Upon observing more religious traditions around the world, some Western anthropologists began to also use the term in a very broad sense. The term was used to describe unrelated magicoreligious practices found within the
2557:", "spiritual healers" or "prophets," by claiming that shamans undertake some particular technique not used by the others. (Problematically, scholars advocating the third view have failed to agree on what the defining technique should be.)
3651:, a distinct kind of shaman acts as a psychopomp. Other specialized shamans may be distinguished according to the type of spirits, or realms of the spirit world, with which the shaman most commonly interacts. These roles vary among the
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In many areas, former shamans ceased to fulfill the functions in the community they used to, as they felt mocked by their own community, or regarded their own past as deprecated and were unwilling to talk about it to ethnographers.
3616:, who they believe guide and direct them in their travels in the spirit world. These spirit guides are always thought to be present within the shaman, although others are said to encounter them only when the shaman is in a
4167:. According to this view, the shaman uses (and the audience understands) multiple codes, expressing meanings in many ways: verbally, musically, artistically, and in dance. Meanings may be manifested in objects such as
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Gabus, Jean: A karibu eszkimĂłk. Gondolat KiadĂł, Budapest, 1970. (Hungarian translation of the original: Vie et coutumes des Esquimaux Caribous, Libraire Payot Lausanne, 1944.) It describes the life of Caribou Eskimo
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The isolated location of Nganasan people allowed shamanism to be a living phenomenon among them even at the beginning of the 20th century, the last notable Nganasan shaman's ceremonies were recorded on film in the
4300:, (aka "plastic medicine people"). He adds, "One may assume that anyone claiming to be a Cherokee 'shaman, spiritual healer, or pipe-carrier', is equivalent to a modern day medicine show and snake-oil vendor."
3772:, social intelligence, and natural history. With this cognitive integration, the shaman can better predict the movement of animals, resolve group conflicts, plan migrations, and provide other useful services.
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Spirits are invisible entities that only shamans can see. They are seen as persons that can assume a human or animal body. Some animals in their physical forms are also seen as spirits such as the case of the
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because they cure a person, it is because they are known by the group as great Shamans. Community members known as dreamers also listen in on private conversations to convey an individualâs known sickness.
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Shamans often claim to have been called through dreams or signs. However, some say their powers are inherited. In traditional societies shamanic training varies in length, but generally takes years.
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As Alice Kehoe notes, Eliade's conceptualization of shamans produces a universalist image of Indigenous cultures, which perpetuates notions of the dead (or dying) Indian as well as the noble savage.
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for a shamanic trial and journey. This process is important to young shamans. They undergo a type of sickness that pushes them to the brink of death. This is said to happen for two reasons:
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who was believed to be able to travel to the sky and under the sea diedâand many other former shamanic capacities were lost during that time as well, like ventriloquism and sleight of hand.
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that the "first prophecies were the words of an oak", and that those who lived at that time found it rewarding enough to "listen to an oak or a stone, so long as it was telling the truth".
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for shamans-to-be, commonly involving physical illness or psychological crisis. The significant role of initiatory illnesses in the calling of a shaman can be found in the case history of
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Summary of the cultural evolutionary and cognitive foundations of shamanism; published with commentaries by 25 scholars (including anthropologists, philosophers, and psychologists).
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as definitive of shamanism ignores the fact that they exist outside of what is defined as shamanism and even play similar roles in nonshamanic cultures, for example chanting in the
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and modern Western forms of shamanism, which, according to Kehoe, misrepresent or dilute Indigenous practices. Kehoe also believes that the term reinforces racist ideas such as the
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Traditional, Indigenous shamanism is believed to be declining around the world. Whalers who frequently interacted with Inuit groups are one source of this decline in that region.
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4171:. If the shaman knows the culture of their community well, and acts accordingly, their audience will know the used symbols and meanings and therefore trust the shamanic worker.
3674:, or "second spirit") knows many things about the associated beliefs. He or she accompanies the rituals and interprets the behaviors of the shaman. Despite these functions, the
7551:. Iconography of religions, section VIII, "Arctic Peoples", fascicle 2. Leiden, The Netherlands: Institute of Religious Iconography âą State University Groningen. E.J. Brill.
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may be based closely on the soul concepts of the belief system of the people served by the shaman. It may consist of the supposed retrieving the lost soul of the ill person.
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do not accurately describe the variety and complexity that is Indigenous spirituality. Each nation and tribe has its own way of life, and uses terms in their own languages.
2269:, exploitation and misrepresentation when outside observers have tried to practice the ceremonies of, or represent, centuries-old cultures to which they do not belong.
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period. The earliest known undisputed burial of a shaman (and by extension the earliest undisputed evidence of shamans and shamanic practices) dates back to the early
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The shaman must become sick to understand sickness. When the shaman overcomes their own sickness, they believe that they will hold the cure to heal all that suffer.
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Just like shamanism itself, music and songs related to it in various cultures are diverse. In several instances, songs related to shamanism are intended to imitate
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proposes that all of the world's mythologies, and also the concepts and practices of shamans, can be traced to the migrations of two prehistoric populations: the "
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The shaman crosses over to the underworld. This happens so the shaman can venture to its depths to bring back vital information for the sick and the tribe.
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There are many variations of shamanism throughout the world, but several common beliefs are shared by all forms of shamanism. Common beliefs identified by
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A debated etymology of the word "shaman" is "one who knows", implying, among other things, that the shaman is an expert in keeping together the multiple
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The title means: "Uralic peoples. Culture and traditions of our linguistic relatives"; the chapter means "Linguistical background of the relationship".
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relates these concepts to developments in the ways that modern science (systems theory, ecology, new approaches in anthropology and archeology) treats
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MenovĆĄÄikov, G.A. (= Đ. Đ. ĐĐ”ĐœĐŸĐČŃĐžĐșĐŸĐČ) (1968). "Popular Conceptions, Religious Beliefs and Rites of the Asiatic Eskimoes". In DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (ed.).
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views in shamanism, but also their relevance to the contemporary world, where ecological problems have validated paradigms of balance and protection.
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The second definition limits the term to refer to those who contact a spirit world while in an altered state of consciousness at the behest of others.
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of Siberia and neighboring parts of Asia. According to the Golomt Center for Shamanic Studies, a Mongolian organization of shamans, the Evenk word
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Znamensky, Andrei A. (2005). "Az ĆsisĂ©g szĂ©psĂ©ge: altĂĄji török sĂĄmĂĄnok a szibĂ©riai regionĂĄlis gondolkodĂĄsban (1860â1920)". In MolnĂĄr, ĂdĂĄm (ed.).
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8162:, an organization devoted to alerting seekers about fraudulent teachers, and helping them avoid being exploited or participating in exploitation
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2837:'s work on shamanism as an invention synthesized from various sources unsupported by more direct research. To Kehoe, citing practices such as
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movements, which usually differ from traditional shamanistic practice and beliefs in significant ways, and often have more connection to the
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The third definition attempts to distinguish shamans from other magico-religious specialists who are believed to contact spirits, such as "
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By engaging in their work, a shaman is exposed to significant personal risk as shamanic plant materials can be toxic or fatal if misused.
4080:, have endorsed Singh's approach, although other researchers have criticized Singh's dismissal of individual- and group-level benefits.
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are commonly used in an attempt to protect against these dangers, and the use of more dangerous plants is often very highly ritualized.
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Europe's Indians, Indians in Europe: European Perceptions and Appropriations of Native American Cultures from Pocahontas to the Present
2451:, published in 1698 his account of a Russian embassy to China; a translation of his book, published the same year, introduced the word
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HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2006a). "SĂĄmĂĄnok, kultĂșrĂĄk Ă©s kutatĂłk az ezredfordulĂłn". In HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly; SzathmĂĄri, Botond; TakĂĄcs, AndrĂĄs (eds.).
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Oosten, Jarich; Laugrand, Frédéric; Remie, Cornelius (Summer 2006). "Perceptions of Decline: Inuit Shamanism in the Canadian Arctic".
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do not call their traditional spiritual ways "shamanism." However, according to Richard L. Allen, research and policy analyst for the
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anthropologist Hakan Rydving has likewise argued for the abandonment of the terms "shaman" and "shamanism" as "scientific illusions."
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Besides personal communications of former shamans, folklore texts may narrate directly about a deterioration process. For example, a
2893:, but linked to the everyday life in a practical way. Following similar thoughts, he also conjectures a contemporary paradigm shift.
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may serve other functions not necessarily related to shamanism: practical goals such as luring game in the hunt; or entertainment (
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of the society, and that to be effective, shamans must maintain a comprehensive view in their mind which gives them certainty of
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LĂ©vi-Strauss, C., 2016. The sorcerer and his magic. In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology (pp. 197-203). Routledge.
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LĂ©vi-Strauss, C., 2016. The sorcerer and his magic. In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology (pp. 197-203). Routledge.
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LĂ©vi-Strauss, C., 2016. The sorcerer and his magic. In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology (pp. 197-203). Routledge.
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LĂ©vi-Strauss, C., 2016. The sorcerer and his magic. In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology (pp. 197-203). Routledge.
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Oosten, Jarich; Laugrand, Frederic; Remie, Cornelius (2006). "Perceptions of Decline: Inuit Shamanism in the Canadian Arctic".
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shamanism: former authentic shamans have begun to practice again, and young apprentices are being educated in an organized way.
2737:" and may have roots that extend back in time at least two millennia. The term was introduced to the west after Russian forces
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8198:â A charitable, non-for-profit NGO for preserving Mongolian traditional Shamanic practices and rituals, operating in Mongolia.
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The first of these uses the term to refer to "anybody who contacts a spirit world while in an altered state of consciousness".
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writes, "A first definition of this complex phenomenon, and perhaps the least hazardous, will be: shamanism = 'technique of
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In November 2008, researchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem announced the discovery of a 12,000-year-old site in
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noted that by the dawn of the 21st century, there were four separate definitions of the term which appeared to be in use:
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The chapter title means "Shamans, cultures and researchers in the millenary", the book title means "Shamans and cultures".
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Tedlock, Barbara. 2005. The Woman in the Shaman's Body: Reclaiming the Feminine in Religion and Medicine. New York: Bantam
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7316:. Nationalmuseets skrifter, Etnografisk RĂŠkke (Ethnographical series), VIII. Copenhagen: The National Museum of Denmark.
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generally, and there can be no doubt that they have come to be applied to a large number of different classes of people.
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in South America, there are practitioners in areas frequented by backpackers who make a living from leading ceremonies.
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drums are generally constructed of an animal-skin stretched over a bent wooden hoop, with a handle across the hoop.
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3245:"enters the body" of the patient to confront the spiritual infirmity and heals by banishing the infectious spirit.
3161:
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of hunted game can be solved by "releasing" the souls of the animals from their hidden abodes. Besides that, many
2290:, 17th century. Witsen called him a "priest of the Devil" and drew clawed feet for the supposed demonic qualities.
2232:
on the subject have been produced, with a peer-reviewed academic journal being devoted to the study of shamanism.
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The title means "The belief system of Hungarians when they entered the Pannonian Basin, and their shamanism".
3779:
3051:
2480:, explorers, soldiers and colonial administrators with whom the people had increasing contact for centuries.
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2126:
1293:
1253:
1099:
727:
272:
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Kollmar-Paulenz, Karenina (2012). "The Invention of "Shamanism" in 18th Century Mongolian Elite Discourse".
10463:
9587:
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19 (1917): 361â71 and Bremmer J., "Travelling souls? Greek shamanism reconsidered", in Bremmer J.N. (ed.),
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2063:
1988:
1968:
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207:
7642:. Vol. 6. Seoul KR: è„żæ±ć€§ćžæ Ą ćźæçĄç©¶æ (SĆgang Taehakkyo Chonggyo YĆn'guso). pp. 135â62. Archived from
2458:
Anthropologist and archeologist Silvia Tomaskova argued that by the mid-1600s, many Europeans applied the
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10049:
9820:
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8486:
8476:
6308:"Why is there shamanism? Developing the cultural evolutionary theory and addressing alternative accounts"
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Bumochir, Dulam (2014). "Institutionalization of Mongolian shamanism: from primitivism to civilization".
4320:
3605:
3154:
3056:
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A tableau presenting figures from various cultures described as "shamans" in Western academic literature.
2788:
affects the human world. The restoration of balance is said to result in the elimination of the ailment.
2374:, designating a wandering monastic or holy figure, has spread to many Central Asian languages along with
2229:
2198:
2013:
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1548:
1431:
11690:
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10487:
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7606:. Musiques & musiciens du monde / Musics & musicians of the world. Montreal: Research Group in
5567:
4069:
1553:
1372:
1298:
8140:
4151:, but is said to be unlike any other among the Epipaleolithic Natufians or in the Paleolithic period.
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9180:
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6521:
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948:
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Humphrey, Nicholas (2018). "Shamans as healers: When magical structure becomes practical function".
3628:
Shamans perform a variety of functions depending upon their respective cultures; healing, leading a
11805:
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11134:
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9049:
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7774:"Shamanism in Northern and Southern Eurasia: their distinctive methods and change of consciousness"
6355:"Modern shamans: Financial managers, political pundits and others who help tame life's uncertainty"
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3647:
There are distinct types of shamans who perform more specialized functions. For example, among the
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2101:
1268:
697:
549:
162:
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17:
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The title means "Shamans in Eurasia", the book is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish.
3604:
Shamans have been conceptualized as those who are able to gain knowledge and power to heal in the
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is not a shaman. For this interpretative assistant, it would be unwelcome to fall into a trance.
2922:, have the power to heal the sick, communicate with spirits, and escort souls of the dead to the
2476:
may have entered the various Tungus dialects as a corruption of this term, and then been told to
1817:
1775:
1703:
1583:
1218:
880:
830:
611:
444:
232:
31:
7917:. (contains first-hand accounts of the Nepalese jhankri tradition) Oxford: Signal Books, 2011.
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5378:
4095:
in a less linear fashion. He also suggests a cooperation of modern science and Indigenous lore.
3261:
to evoke spirits. Before a spirit can be summoned it must teach the shaman its song. The use of
12122:
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11197:
10725:
10709:
10699:
10658:
10653:
10511:
10503:
9092:
8911:
8528:
8523:
8232:
6379:
Boyer, Pascal (2018). "Missing links: The psychology and epidemiology of shamanistic beliefs".
5873:
4865:', are in general use to denote any persons of the Native professional class among the heathen
4036:
2819:
2477:
2266:
1758:
1748:
1643:
825:
657:
652:
247:
11478:
2733:, and "nothing seems to contradict the assumption that the meaning 'shaman' also derives from
2468:(meaning "devil") to the non-Christian practices and beliefs of Indigenous peoples beyond the
514:
11413:
11377:
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10993:
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10134:
9890:
9863:
9803:
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9582:
9520:
9510:
8849:
8713:
8558:
8548:
8533:
8481:
7910:
7243:. Translated by Anita Rajkay BabĂł (from Hungarian). Oosterhout: Anthropological Publications.
6260:
Winkelman, Michael (1986). "Trance states: A theoretical model and cross-cultural analysis".
5688:
Curanderismo Soul Retrieval: Ancient Shamanic Wisdom to Restore the Sacred Energy of the Soul
4412:
3609:
3128:
3061:
2990:
2930:
avoid some of these structural impediments by virtue of their isolation, such as the nomadic
2878:
2444:
2136:
1743:
1673:
1513:
1313:
1178:
1058:
840:
677:
569:
564:
519:
489:
2926:. The origins of Shamanism stem from indigenous peoples of far northern Europe and Siberia.
12247:
12139:
11324:
11317:
10988:
10859:
10854:
10577:
10572:
10369:
9729:
9704:
9617:
9062:
8994:
8937:
8921:
8906:
8886:
8844:
8718:
8563:
8553:
8538:
8503:
8498:
8466:
7599:
6146:
5614:
Animism beyond the Soul: Ontology, Reflexivity, and the Making of Anthropological Knowledge
4397:
4012:
3787:
3440:
3091:
3019:
2701:. According to Juha Janhunen, "the word is attested in all of the Tungusic idioms" such as
2561:
2217:
2210:
2106:
1835:
1618:
1481:
1409:
1357:
1278:
1185:
1130:
1107:
987:
712:
597:
559:
157:
107:
9260:
5292:"Using the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Litigation",
4812:
3395:
and enter the "spirit world" by effecting a transition of consciousness, entering into an
8:
12134:
11631:
11520:
11483:
11458:
11261:
11112:
10745:
10730:
10471:
10431:
10086:
10071:
9873:
9768:
9763:
9739:
9681:
9602:
9303:
9175:
9054:
8723:
8646:
8636:
8513:
8397:
8392:
5132:"Le chamanisme aujourd'hui: constructions et deconstructions d'une illusion scientifique"
4332:
4022:
3278:
3189:
Spirits exist and they play important roles both in individual lives and in human society
3029:
2974:
2946:
2862:
2784:
2761:
2432:
2389:
2252:
2213:
1753:
1538:
1451:
1228:
1054:
894:
672:
604:
494:
8055:
KIM, ANDREW EUNGI. (2000). "Christianity, Shamanism, and Modernization in South Korea".
7726:
Religious or Spiritual Problem. A Culturally Sensitive Diagnostic Category in the DSM-IV
7670:, J. Hitchcock & R. Jones (eds.), New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, pp. 12â20.
7175:. Die MĂ€rchen der Weltliteratur (in German). DĂŒsseldorf âą Köln: Eugen Diederichs Verlag.
6491:
6466:
4179:
12318:
12287:
11800:
11780:
11770:
11643:
11581:
11538:
11352:
11224:
11184:
11139:
11054:
11039:
10937:
10932:
10622:
10554:
9798:
9592:
9550:
9460:
9425:
9200:
9165:
9067:
9009:
8971:
8966:
8802:
8792:
8596:
8568:
8518:
8309:
8269:
8171:
8074:
7796:
7712:
7526:
7503:
7290:
7197:
The title means "The faces of culture. Mosaics from the area of cultural anthropology".
6504:
6447:
6404:
6335:
6242:
6174:
5810:
5509:
5488:
In Darkness and Secrecy: The Anthropology of Assault Sorcery and Witchcraft in Amazonia
5267:
5180:
4516:
4143:
noted. The grave was one of at least 28 graves at the site, located in a cave in lower
3952:
3817:
3686:
As the primary teacher of tribal symbolism, the shaman may have a leading role in this
3581:
3407:
or ritual performances. The methods employed are diverse, and are often used together.
3296:
3113:
2911:
2910:
Shamanism is a system of religious practice. Historically, it is often associated with
2734:
2504:
2236:
2121:
2096:
2033:
1731:
1558:
1466:
1446:
1426:
1352:
860:
751:
509:
284:
147:
9355:
9308:
7724:
Turner, Robert P.; Lukoff, David; Barnhouse, Ruth Tiffany & Lu, Francis G. (1995)
7666:
Reinhard, Johan (1976) "Shamanism and Spirit Possession: The Definition Problem." In
6547:
5861:
5486:
Wilbert, Johannes; Vidal, Silvia M. (2004). Whitehead, Neil L.; Wright, Robin (eds.).
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11117:
11028:
11022:
10983:
10971:
10844:
10251:
10081:
9885:
9734:
9652:
9648:
9530:
9515:
9185:
9132:
9112:
9014:
9004:
8931:
8760:
8750:
8543:
8331:
8251:
8113:
8066:
8021:
8007:
7979:
7965:
7950:
7933:
7918:
7901:
7887:
7863:
7824:
7800:
7757:
7737:
7716:
7704:
7684:
7621:
7580:
7552:
7533:
7532:. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology. Cambridge University Press.
7510:
7509:. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology. Cambridge University Press.
7480:
7461:
7441:
7410:
7390:
7370:
7350:
7331:
7325:
7298:
7275:
7255:
7212:
7211:. preface by Marett, R.R. Somerville College, University of Oxford; Clarendon Press.
7186:
6870:
6829:
6508:
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6408:
6396:
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6307:
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6207:
6197:
6178:
6166:
6116:
5824:
5814:
5692:
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5617:
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5499:
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5408:
5305:
5203:
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4908:
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4520:
4508:
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3714:
3454:
Turner and colleagues mention a phenomenon called "shamanistic initiatory crisis", a
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1906:
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1471:
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316:
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469:
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10334:
10054:
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9858:
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9388:
9378:
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9255:
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8797:
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8451:
8422:
8361:
8299:
8121:
8105:
8082:
8044:
8036:
7788:
7696:
7177:
The title means: "Eskimo tales", the series means: "The tales of world literature".
6933:
6862:
6821:
6486:
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6431:
6388:
6319:
6273:
6269:
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5441:
5333:
5297:
5200:
The Constitution and Contestation of Darhad Shamans' Power in Contemporary Mongolia
5172:
5143:
5063:
5018:
4854:
4500:
4148:
3872:
3852:
3842:
3812:
3522:
Shamans may employ varying materials in spiritual practice in different cultures.
3034:
3024:
2915:
2742:
2702:
2647:
2618:
2581:
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and could be the ultimate origin of the word shaman. The word has been reported in
2343:
2303:
2248:
1921:
1683:
1543:
1330:
1012:
771:
756:
707:
539:
11685:
8109:
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6735:
4945:
12242:
11790:
11388:
11163:
11106:
10788:
10144:
10044:
9940:
9562:
9545:
9500:
9490:
9435:
9408:
9345:
9340:
9325:
9250:
8986:
8976:
8611:
8601:
8402:
8279:
8094:
LAUREL KENDALL (September 1996). "Korean Shamans and the Spirits of Capitalism".
7945:
7816:
7673:
7607:
7429:
7120:
5301:
5176:
4842:
4819:
4293:
4258:
4007:
3967:
3633:
3463:
3455:
2765:
2726:
2694:
2673:) is someone who is regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of
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2333:
2329:
2287:
2262:
2091:
2048:
1633:
1623:
1498:
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1399:
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1335:
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1007:
997:
820:
641:
504:
459:
414:
404:
202:
192:
117:
10329:
7613:
7206:
7202:
5983:
4981:
Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia/ Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne,
4216:
12222:
12217:
11715:
11543:
11493:
11418:
11242:
11079:
10998:
10374:
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9535:
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9465:
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9245:
9170:
9127:
9107:
8896:
8772:
8733:
8427:
8417:
8412:
8336:
7575:
Nagy, Beåta Boglårka (1998). "Az északi szamojédok". In Csepregi, Mårta (ed.).
7321:
7227:
5756:
4615:
4588:
Shamans and religion : an anthropological exploration in critical thinking
4392:
4372:
4297:
4269:
4254:
4119:
3769:
3561:
3494:
3470:
3426:
3416:
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2894:
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2710:
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2295:
2068:
1941:
1708:
1693:
1608:
1528:
1523:
1017:
992:
865:
424:
419:
8143:
A charitable organization protecting traditional cultures in northern Thailand
7700:
7241:
Tracing shamans in Siberia. The story of an ethnographical research expedition
6937:
6482:
6435:
6392:
6323:
6238:
6211:
5422:
5405:
INCONVENIENT INDIAN : a curious account of native people in north america
5337:
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3750:
3612:
that convey certain messages. Shamans may claim to have or have acquired many
2515:
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484:
12312:
12117:
11994:
11967:
11663:
11572:
11505:
11473:
11428:
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11146:
11129:
10874:
10364:
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10289:
10169:
9744:
9505:
9430:
9313:
9293:
9205:
9160:
8371:
8150:
8117:
8070:
8057:
7792:
7660:
7633:"Chuonnasuan (Meng Jin Fu), The Last Shaman of the Oroqen of Northeast China"
6874:
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6162:
5242:
4742:
4649:
4535:
4434:
3962:
3887:
3700:
3691:
3667:
3660:
3652:
3613:
3317:
3219:
3182:
3086:
2834:
2772:
2749:
2730:
2722:
2706:
2536:
2353:
2346:
2003:
1978:
1886:
1876:
1688:
1603:
1518:
1441:
1404:
1347:
1325:
1213:
1163:
870:
687:
645:
554:
544:
529:
524:
474:
368:
66:
8186:
by Aado Lintrop, Folk Belief and Media Group of the Estonian Literary Museum
8125:
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8048:
4677:
4249:
fortune-telling even for decades in the future, moving as fast as a bullet.
3640:("guide of souls"). A single shaman may fulfill several of these functions.
3533:
2560:
The fourth definition identified by Hutton uses "shamanism" to refer to the
2427:. It was brought to Western Europe twenty years later by the Dutch traveler
2419:
The term was adopted by Russians interacting with the indigenous peoples in
12144:
11785:
11528:
11468:
11408:
11180:
11074:
11049:
11044:
11010:
10839:
10495:
10447:
10231:
10184:
10179:
10139:
9900:
9783:
9450:
9440:
9403:
9393:
9383:
9275:
9190:
9122:
9019:
8683:
8407:
8356:
7988:
7877:
7708:
7628:
7617:
7579:. PanorĂĄma (in Hungarian). Budapest: Medicina KönyvkiadĂł. pp. 221â34.
6500:
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6400:
6331:
5828:
5802:
4512:
4424:
4357:
4304:
4189:
4073:
3656:
3648:
3585:
3529:
3430:
3308:
3212:
3206:
3081:
2997:
2850:
2827:
2797:
2554:
2520:
2257:
2058:
2028:
1901:
1780:
1668:
1593:
1493:
1488:
1394:
1389:
1340:
1303:
1248:
1233:
855:
788:
534:
464:
227:
222:
132:
8040:
7898:
Shamans and Religion: An Anthropological Exploration in Critical Thinking.
6825:
5862:"The Tinguian; Social, Religious, and Economic life of a Philippine tribe"
5495:
3795:
3320:
can generally explain more, seemingly unassociated phenomena in shamanism:
2367:
973:
12211:
12196:
12129:
11972:
11957:
11947:
11900:
11858:
11850:
11680:
11453:
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11069:
11034:
10415:
10359:
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10199:
10164:
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9853:
9470:
9455:
9335:
9330:
8876:
8809:
8728:
8693:
8673:
8341:
8201:
7946:
The Self Possessed: Deity and Spirit Possession in South Asian Literature
7528:
The Palm and the Pleiades. Initiation and Cosmology in Northwest Amazonia
7505:
From the Milk River: Spatial and Temporal Processes in Northwest Amazonia
7385:
HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (1998). "A honfoglalĂłk hitvilĂĄga Ă©s a magyar samanizmus".
7345:
HajdĂș, PĂ©ter (1975). "A rokonsĂĄg nyelvi hĂĄttere". In HajdĂș, PĂ©ter (ed.).
7286:
The title means: "Remnants of shamanistic beliefs in Hungarian folklore".
6851:"The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology"
6625:
4614:. University Press of America, 2007: p.132. "What happens further in the
4552:
otherworld, and often to escort the souls of the dead to that otherworld.
4429:
4418:
4377:
4352:
4139:
4104:
4002:
3927:
3917:
3857:
3847:
3106:
3096:
2885:
2816:
Shamans and Religion: An Anthropological Exploration in Critical Thinking
2811:
2313:
2286:
The earliest known depiction of a Siberian shaman, by the Dutch explorer
2018:
1936:
1648:
1573:
1568:
1508:
1288:
1258:
1208:
1203:
1168:
968:
914:
845:
800:
449:
363:
346:
242:
212:
172:
10344:
8262:
8078:
7728:. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol.183, No. 7, pp. 435â44
7295:
Boundaries and Passages: Rule and Ritual in Yup'ik Eskimo Oral Tradition
7208:
Shamanism in Siberia. Aboriginal Siberia. A study in social anthropology
5984:"Shamanism in Siberia: Part III. Religion: Chapter IX. Types of Shamans"
5148:
5131:
3287:
12206:
12057:
11982:
11952:
11932:
11927:
11890:
11880:
11873:
11868:
11854:
11822:
11515:
11438:
11156:
11096:
11091:
10966:
10783:
10587:
10246:
10189:
10174:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10014:
9999:
9979:
9778:
9708:
9673:
9398:
9195:
9117:
9102:
8891:
8861:
8824:
8782:
8777:
8708:
8346:
8184:
Studies in Siberian Shamanism and Religions of the Finno-Ugrian Peoples
7479:. Bibliotheca Shamanistica. Budapest: AkadĂ©miai KiadĂł. pp. 17â26.
7460:. Bibliotheca Shamanistica. Budapest: AkadĂ©miai KiadĂł. pp. 11â16.
4264:
Some areas could enjoy a prolonged resistance due to their remoteness.
3932:
3892:
3882:
3877:
3862:
3637:
3565:
3392:
3230:
3133:
3101:
2954:
2919:
2854:
2780:
2698:
2686:
2550:
2221:
2116:
1613:
1598:
1588:
1476:
1223:
1173:
958:
454:
358:
187:
182:
167:
152:
142:
137:
112:
102:
7995: », in RenĂ© Lebrun, Julien De Vos et Ă. Van Quickelberghe (Ă©ds),
7884:
Dream Catchers: How Mainstream America Discovered Native Spirituality.
7848:
7768:
Major work on the evolutionary and psychological origins of shamanism.
2336:. The etymology of the word is sometimes connected to the Tungus root
692:
12257:
12047:
11942:
11775:
11760:
11611:
11151:
10279:
10061:
9989:
9984:
9962:
9540:
9265:
9087:
8881:
8866:
8829:
8246:
8192:
by Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff Amazonian Indigenous peoples and ecology
5472:
5294:
Reflections on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
4866:
4444:
4175:
4164:
4108:
4092:
3972:
3897:
3867:
3731:
3629:
3621:
3474:
3404:
3251:
2923:
2846:
2674:
2261:
or the neoshamanic movement. It has affected the development of many
1998:
1973:
1678:
1638:
1503:
1031:
933:
919:
850:
815:
795:
776:
761:
306:
127:
87:
11383:
9835:
8183:
7855:, New Series, Vol. 63, No. 5, Part 1. (Oct. 1961), pp. 1088â90.
7677:
The roots Seekers: Shamanism and Ethnicity Among the Mongol Buryats.
5436:
Ellingson, Ter (January 16, 2001), "The Ecologically Noble Savage",
4449:
2752:
anthropologists as outside observers of the ancient religion of the
2448:
2282:
1115:
331:
12191:
12042:
11937:
11885:
11817:
11673:
11621:
11510:
11084:
11015:
10870:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
10793:
10536:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
10354:
10236:
10154:
9994:
9957:
9773:
9607:
9597:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9024:
8871:
8787:
8755:
8668:
8660:
8351:
8326:
8294:
8289:
7423:
Site of publisher with short description on the book (in Hungarian)
7254:. Ălet Ă©s TudomĂĄny KiskönyvtĂĄr (in Hungarian). Budapest: Gondolat.
7002:
5052:, Bollingen Series LXXVI, Princeton University Press 1972, pp. 3â7.
4342:
4274:
4127:
4123:
4107:, predating all organized religions, and certainly as early as the
3709:
3339:
2375:
2357:
1951:
1859:
1698:
1152:
1002:
953:
943:
909:
904:
899:
887:
810:
741:
734:
722:
341:
301:
296:
11742:
10890:
9793:
7860:
Carlos Castaneda: Academic Opportunism and the Psychedelic Sixties
7736:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Universitas KönyvkiadĂł. pp. 41â45.
7274:(in Hungarian) (1st reprint ed.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
7249:
7001:
Omnividence: A word created by Edwin A. Abbott in his book titled
4407:
12067:
12062:
12037:
12002:
11977:
11922:
11765:
11737:
11725:
11668:
10921:
10339:
10269:
10159:
9920:
9895:
8856:
8767:
8688:
8678:
8321:
8274:
7930:
The Spirits are Drunk: Comparative Approaches to Chinese Religion
7748:
The chapter discusses the etymology and meaning of word "shaman".
7389:(in Hungarian). Budapest: SzĂ©phalom KönyvmƱhely. pp. 40â45.
6958:
6956:
6621:
5859:
5216:
4862:
4308:
4245:
4193:
4144:
3982:
3922:
3687:
3596:
3504:
3328:
3266:
2858:
2823:
2802:
2757:
2690:
2464:
2424:
2420:
2244:
2043:
1961:
1926:
1916:
1658:
1043:
1024:
980:
875:
766:
92:
70:
62:
7734:
VilĂĄgnak kezdetĂ©tĆl fogva. TörtĂ©neti folklorisztikai tanulmĂĄnyok
7591:
The chapter means "Northern Samoyedic peoples", the title means
6194:
Shamanism : the neural ecology of consciousness and healing
3690:
management, actively restricting hunting and fishing. Among the
12156:
12072:
12052:
12032:
11730:
11695:
11636:
11064:
11059:
10349:
10304:
10274:
10226:
10221:
10216:
10129:
10112:
10107:
10034:
8926:
8819:
8698:
8018:
The Beauty of the Primitive: Shamanism and Western Imagination.
8004:
Shamanism in Siberia: Russian Records of Siberian Spirituality.
7659:. It describes the life of Chuonnasuan, the last shaman of the
7097:
4870:
4759:
4439:
4387:
4362:
4233:
4224:
4168:
4017:
3977:
3754:
3617:
3510:
3373:
3365:
3202:
2931:
2682:
2678:
2240:
2206:
2131:
1956:
1911:
1578:
963:
717:
702:
682:
336:
197:
177:
97:
7932:, Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1995.
7475:
HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2007c). "Eco-Animism of Siberian Shamanhood".
6953:
3462:, who was one of the last shamans among the Tungus peoples in
12262:
12232:
12201:
12112:
12094:
12027:
12022:
11907:
11705:
11658:
11616:
11604:
11599:
11594:
11589:
10976:
10879:
10319:
10314:
10294:
10284:
10211:
10122:
10117:
10066:
9974:
9952:
9947:
9878:
8703:
8256:
6620:"Earliest known shaman grave site found: study", reported by
5136:Ătudes Mongoles et Siberiennes, Centrasiatiques et TibĂ©taines
4367:
4337:
4296:, they are regularly overwhelmed with inquiries by and about
4229:
4217:
Decline and revitalization and tradition-preserving movements
3907:
3704:
3590:
3499:
3361:
3357:
3343:
3273:
3262:
3257:
2981:
2918:, and involves belief that shamans, with a connection to the
2890:
2842:
2590:
2431:, who reported his stay and journeys among the Tungusic- and
2423:. It is found in the memoirs of the exiled Russian churchman
2008:
1983:
1864:
1414:
938:
926:
662:
321:
311:
237:
7183:
A kultĂșra arcai. Mozaikok a kulturĂĄlis antropolĂłgia köreibĆl
5352:"Mongolia's Lost Secrets in Pictures: The Last Tuvan Shaman"
4533:
55:
12237:
12079:
11912:
11795:
11710:
11653:
10309:
10241:
10009:
9967:
8284:
4803:, London 1698; see Laufer B., "Origin of the Word Shaman,"
4232:, 2005. Attempts are being made to preserve and revitalize
4160:
4083:
3569:
3544:
3234:
3223:
2838:
2662:
2656:
2633:
2596:
1993:
1847:
667:
326:
8159:
7754:
Shamanism: The neural ecology of consciousness and healing
7234:. The Magazine for Traditional Music Throughout the World.
4642:
Shamans: Siberian Spirituality and the Western Imagination
3205:
inducing techniques to incite visionary ecstasy and go on
3198:
The shaman can treat sickness caused by malevolent spirits
2693:. The word "shaman" probably originates from the Tungusic
2653:
2624:
2587:
2265:
practices, as well as faced a backlash and accusations of
2239:
Westerners involved in countercultural movements, such as
30:"Shaman" and "Shamans" redirect here. For other uses, see
12089:
12084:
12017:
12012:
11648:
8366:
7823:
1959; reprint, New York and London: Penguin Books, 1976.
7456:
HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2007b). "Is Shamanism a Folk Religion?".
7185:. TĂRStudomĂĄny (in Hungarian). Budapest: NapvilĂĄg KiadĂł.
6225:
Winkelman, Michael. "Shamanism and cognitive evolution".
4907:(in Hungarian). Budapest: MolnĂĄr KiadĂł. pp. 117â34.
3746:
3713:(shamans) fetch the souls of game from remote places, or
3703:
have ecological concerns related to shamanism. Among the
3369:
2627:
781:
4905:
Csodaszarvas. ĆstörtĂ©net, vallĂĄs Ă©s nĂ©phagyomĂĄny. Vol. I
3762:
2337:
2319:
6713:
6147:"Shamanism and Its Emancipatory Power for Korean Women"
5866:
Field Museum of Natural History: Anthropological Series
4841:
Chadwick, Hector Munro; Chadwick, Nora Kershaw (1968).
3588:
in the Philippines renewing an offering to the spirit (
1946:
8195:
7330:. Cleveland âą New York: The World Publishing Company.
4154:
4064:
important but uncontrollable outcomes. Citing work on
3237:, throw bones, and sometimes foretell of future events
2189:
is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (
7842:
The Don Juan Papers: Further Castaneda Controversies.
2760:, as well as those of the neighbouring Tungusic- and
2665:
2636:
2608:
2599:
8172:
Shamanism and the Image of the Teutonic Deity, ĂĂ°inn
7835:
The Way of the Shaman: A Guide to Power and Healing,
7347:
UrĂĄli nĂ©pek. Nyelvrokonaink kultĂșrĂĄja Ă©s hagyomĂĄnyai
5440:, University of California Press, pp. 342â358,
5093:, abstract online in second half of second paragraph
5055:
3211:
The shaman's spirit can leave the body to enter the
2220:
into the physical world for the purpose of healing,
6992:: 76 (Chpt 3 about obtaining shamanic capabilities)
6923:
6759:
6757:
6755:
5323:
4719:
4717:
3632:, preserving traditions by storytelling and songs,
3517:
2659:
2650:
2630:
2621:
2593:
2584:
8054:
7732:Voigt, MiklĂłs (2000). "SĂĄmĂĄn â a szĂł Ă©s Ă©rtelme".
7525:
7502:
7493:Janhunen, Juha. Siberian shamanistic terminology.
7314:Waiwai. Religion and society of an Amazonian tribe
7297:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
7094:HoppĂĄl 2005: 111, 117â19, 128, 132, 133â34, 252â63
6848:
6809:
6807:
6805:
6790:
6644:
6642:
6464:
4199:
4115:(c. 30,000 BP) in what is now the Czech Republic.
3717:to ask for game from mythological beings like the
8153:of Northeast China, by Richard Noll and Kun Shi (
7568:Popular beliefs and folklore tradition in Siberia
6849:ScheperâHughes, Nancy; Lock, Margaret M. (1987).
6730:
6728:
4979:Juha Janhunen, Siberian shamanistic terminology,
4662:Juha Janhunan, Siberian shamanistic terminology,
4103:Shamanic practices may originate as early as the
2399:
2393:
12310:
7604:Inuit Games and Songs / Chants et Jeux des Inuit
6752:
5607:
5605:
4840:
4770:Written before 1676, first printed in 1861; see
4714:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4575:
3192:The shaman can communicate with the spirit world
2818:. Part of this criticism involves the notion of
2568:would more accurately be translated as "priest".
2491:, which is not an actual Tungus term but simply
2328:â possibly from the southwestern dialect of the
7546:
6802:
6639:
6634:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5561:
5559:
5222:
4534:Mircea Eliade; Vilmos DiĂłszegi (May 12, 2020).
3265:items such as rocks with special powers and an
2251:practices influenced by their ideas of various
10393:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
8093:
7878:International Society for Shamanistic Research
7844:Santa Barbara, California: Ross-Erikson, 1980.
7289:
6725:
6021:
6019:
5612:Swancutt, Katherine; Mazard, Mireille (2018).
5611:
2411:
2383:
2361:
2332:spoken by the Sym Evenki peoples, or from the
11339:The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction
10906:
10480:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
9689:
8217:
8168:by Tatyana Sem, Russian Museum of Ethnography
7381:The title means "Shamans, souls and symbols".
7272:A såmånhit emlékei a magyar népi mƱveltségben
7016:
6670:
6668:
6666:
6129:
6002:
6000:
5602:
5402:
4963:"Definition of Shaman by Oxford Dictionaries"
4572:
4118:Sanskrit scholar and comparative mythologist
4044:
3229:The shaman can perform other varied forms of
3162:
2405:
2307:
2163:
1076:
8006:Dordrech and Boston: Kluwer/Springer, 2003.
6983:
6110:
5894:
5892:
5642:
5556:
5485:
5102:HoppĂĄl & SzathmĂĄri & TakĂĄcs 2006: 14
4482:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4126:" type (of circa 65,000 years ago) and the "
3272:Such practices are presumably very ancient.
2224:, or to aid human beings in some other way.
8030:
7872:Ă
ke Hultkrantz (Honorary Editor in Chief):
7610:, Faculty of Music, University of Montreal.
7565:
7409:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
6115:. Berlin: LIT Verlag MĂŒnster. p. 206.
6016:
5906:
5904:
5592:
4889:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
3302:
3285:Belief in witchcraft and sorcery, known as
10913:
10899:
9696:
9682:
8231:
8224:
8210:
7976:Wayward Shamans: the prehistory of an idea
7523:
7500:
7150:
6663:
6528:. The Ecologist, Vol. 29 No. 4, July 1999.
5997:
5949:
5860:Fay-Cooper Cole & Albert Gale (1922).
5197:
4604:
4590:. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press.
4051:
4037:
3794:
3608:or dimension. Most shamans have dreams or
3446:
3169:
3155:
2961:
2748:The term "shamanism" was first applied by
2170:
2156:
1239:Association for Research and Enlightenment
1083:
1069:
9623:Relationship between religion and science
8020:New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
7886:New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
7751:
7369:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Helikon KiadĂł.
7349:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Corvina KiadĂł.
7225:
7200:
6995:
6813:
6490:
6259:
6191:
6097:
6095:
5889:
5684:
5616:. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 102.
5446:10.1525/california/9780520222687.003.0023
5435:
5376:
5147:
5086:
5084:
4902:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4473:
2814:criticizes the term "shaman" in her book
9703:
7978:, University of California Press, 2013.
7668:Spirit Possession in the Nepal Himalayas
7320:
7269:
7247:
7238:
7070:
6571:
6567:
6565:
6537:
6465:Watson-Jones, Rachel E.; Legare (2018).
6421:
5901:
5880:
5544:
5520:
5162:
5061:
5050:Shamanism, Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy
5044:
5042:
5040:
4675:
4223:
4084:Ecological approaches and systems theory
3745:
3575:
3556:
3524:
2801:
2791:
2514:
2281:
591:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
7495:Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne,
7435:
7170:
7061:
6974:
5801:
5742:
5740:
5466:
5464:
5129:
4992:
4311:communities than traditional cultures.
4188:Armin Geertz coined and introduced the
3195:Spirits can be benevolent or malevolent
14:
12311:
10799:List of people executed for witchcraft
8549:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
8149:(Meng Jin Fu), The Last Shaman of the
7821:The Masks of God: Primitive Mythology.
7771:
7384:
7364:
7180:
7007:
6677:
6286:
6092:
6056:
6040:
6038:
5931:
5574:
5081:
4957:
4955:
4884:
4741:
4696:
4664:Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne
4639:
4563:
4314:
2483:A female shaman is sometimes called a
2342:, meaning "to know". However, Finnish
11267:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
10894:
10768:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
9677:
8205:
7731:
7685:"The cultural evolution of shamanism"
7682:
7440:. Budapest: Gondolat. pp. 9â25.
7344:
7114:"The Plastic Medicine People Circle."
6944:
6686:
6562:
6515:
6378:
6352:
6305:
6224:
5749:
5657:
5490:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
5062:Belcourt, Billy-Ray (July 19, 2018).
5037:
4585:
4489:"The cultural evolution of shamanism"
4486:
4290:Native Americans in the United States
4098:
3763:Cognitive and evolutionary approaches
7837:Harper & Row Publishers, NY 1980
7756:. Westport, CT: Bergen & Gavey.
7640:éććźæçĄç©¶ (Journal of Korean Religions)
7574:
7311:
7052:
6814:Joralemon, Donald (March 16, 2017).
6736:Nature worship in Siberian shamanism
5853:
5737:
5705:
5461:
4997:. Farnham: Ashgate. pp. 73â79.
4847:. The University Press. p. 13.
4811:London: Routledge, 2002, pp. 7â40. (
4130:" type (of circa 40,000 years ago).
3694:, a sophisticated system exists for
3681:
280:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
10920:
7598:
7137:"Pseudo Shamans Cherokee Statement"
7129:
6578:Britannica online encyclopedia 2008
6467:"The social functions of shamanism"
6144:
6035:
5377:Jardine, Bradley; Kupfer, Matthew.
4952:
4809:The Rise and Fall of the Afterlife,
4155:Semiotic and hermeneutic approaches
3249:Peruvian Amazon Basin, shamans and
3218:The shaman evokes animal images as
2318:, which itself comes from the word
24:
12228:LGBT themes in speculative fiction
11554:Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien
10865:Left-hand path and right-hand path
10440:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
8160:New Age Frauds and Plastic Shamans
7809:
5589:Kleivan & Sonne 1985: 7, 19â21
3696:environmental resources management
3488:
3410:
2209:. The goal of this is usually to
410:Archaeology of religion and ritual
54:
25:
12355:
8134:
7993:Shamanism and proto-consciousness
7679:Yokohama, Japan: Shumpusha, 2014.
6289:"The mystery of the medicine man"
5685:Buenaflor, Erika (May 28, 2019).
5470:
4568:. Berlin: Lit Verlag Dr. W. Hopf.
3741:
3437:Sound mimesis in various cultures
2675:benevolent and malevolent spirits
1309:Chiropractic treatment techniques
12293:
12292:
12282:
9658:
9657:
9647:
8031:Chongho Kim (January 18, 2018),
7964:, U. of New Mexico Press, 1992.
7862:, Millennia Press, Canada, 1993
7547:Kleivan, Inge; B. Sonne (1985).
7458:Shamans and Traditions (Vol. 13)
7106:
7088:
7079:
7043:
7034:
7025:
6965:
6917:
6908:
6899:
6890:
6881:
6842:
6781:
6769:
6740:
6704:
6695:
6651:
6614:
6605:
6596:
6531:
6227:Cambridge Archaeological Journal
5570:. Russian Museum of Ethnography.
5475:. National Geographic Adventure.
4831:Tomaskova, 2013, 76â78, 104â105.
3518:Items used in spiritual practice
3421:Imitation of sounds in shamanism
3391:Generally, shamans traverse the
2646:
2617:
2580:
2255:, creating what has been termed
2112:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
1114:
12283:
11238:Ballantine Adult Fantasy series
7689:Behavioral & Brain Sciences
7477:Shamans and Traditions (Vol 13)
6458:
6415:
6372:
6346:
6299:
6280:
6253:
6218:
6185:
6138:
6111:Oelschlaegel, Anett C. (2016).
6104:
6083:
6074:
6065:
6047:
5976:
5967:
5958:
5940:
5922:
5913:
5844:
5835:
5795:
5779:
5770:
5678:
5658:McCoy, V. R. (March 30, 2018).
5651:
5630:
5583:
5565:
5532:
5479:
5429:
5396:
5370:
5344:
5317:
5285:
5260:
5235:
5191:
5156:
5123:
5114:
5105:
5096:
5011:
4995:Shamanism, Discourse, Modernity
4986:
4973:
4934:
4922:
4878:
4834:
4825:
4789:
4777:
4764:
4753:
4735:
4726:
4200:Medical anthropology approaches
3823:Psychological theories of magic
2203:altered states of consciousness
1148:Alternative veterinary medicine
123:Evolutionary origin of religion
10563:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
10424:Summis desiderantes affectibus
8180:â photographs by Standa Krupar
7900:2000. London: Waveland Press.
7501:Hugh-Jones, Christine (1980).
6855:Medical Anthropology Quarterly
6817:Exploring Medical Anthropology
6274:10.1525/eth.1986.14.2.02a00040
5379:"Welcome to the Tuva Republic"
4676:Crossley, Pamela Kyle (1996).
4669:
4656:
4633:
4621:
4557:
4527:
2677:, who typically enters into a
2510:
2272:
1771:Water fluoridation controversy
1727:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
278:Treatise on the Apparitions of
13:
1:
8110:10.1525/AA.1996.98.3.02A00060
7949:. Columbia University Press,
7549:Eskimos: Greenland and Canada
7266:The title means: "Shamanism".
6867:10.1525/maq.1987.1.1.02a00020
6471:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
6424:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
6381:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
6353:Singh, Manvir (May 2, 2019).
6312:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
6030:online: Internet Archive copy
6011:online: Internet Archive copy
5790:online: Internet Archive copy
4493:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
4461:
2822:. This includes criticism of
2437:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
2142:Wilson's temperature syndrome
2127:Multiple chemical sensitivity
1254:Biological terrain assessment
728:Traditional African religions
273:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
10568:accusations against children
10464:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
9588:Desacralization of knowledge
7943:Smith, Frederick M. (2006).
7570:. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
7524:Hugh-Jones, Stephen (1980).
6135:Kleivan & Sonne 1985: 24
6113:Plural World Interpretations
5850:Kleivan & Sonne 1985: 25
5438:The Myth of the Noble Savage
5302:10.5040/9781472565358.ch-005
5177:10.1080/14631369.2014.939331
4797:Driejaarige Reize naar China
4760:https://gandhari.org/1áčŁamana
4749:. Arkana Books. p. 495.
4466:
4455:Spirit (supernatural entity)
3724:
2833:Kehoe is highly critical of
2532:the practice is controlled.
2277:
7:
11256:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
9000:Best of all possible worlds
8957:Eschatological verification
8514:Fine-tuning of the universe
7752:Winkelman, Michael (2000).
7627:
7474:
7455:
7367:Såmånok, lelkek és jelképek
6796:
6763:
6746:
6719:
6692:HoppĂĄl 2005: 13â15, 58, 197
6192:Winkelman, Michael (2000).
6025:
6006:
5785:
5636:
5407:. UNIV OF MINNESOTA Press.
5202:. Leiden: Global Oriental.
5198:Hangartner, Judith (2011).
4325:
4321:Regional forms of shamanism
3568:ritual involving children,
3380:
3215:world to search for answers
2412:
2368:
2314:
1803:Alternative medical systems
1432:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
1198:Fringe medicine and science
10:
12360:
10488:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
8190:A View from the Headwaters
8155:Internet Archive copy from
7962:Time and the Highland Maya
7781:Social Science Information
7404:
7270:DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (1998) .
7163:
6989:
6775:
6657:
6526:A View from the Headwaters
6145:Lee, Jonghyun (May 2009).
6089:Kleivan & Sonne: 27â28
5807:Shaman: The Wounded Healer
5568:"Shamanic Healing Rituals"
5550:
5538:
5526:
4928:
4799:, Amsterdam 1698; transl.
4783:
4771:
4627:
4586:Kehoe, Alice Beck (2000).
4318:
4286:Sakha people and Tuvans).
3414:
3384:
3306:
3255:use medicine songs called
3185:(1972) are the following:
3139:in the early modern period
2937:
2905:
2795:
1813:Biologically based therapy
1373:Dental amalgam controversy
29:
12278:
12184:
12103:
11993:
11831:
11751:
11580:
11571:
11501:
11492:
11401:
11369:
11307:
11294:List of story collections
11223:
11179:
11172:
11135:Occult detective fictionâ
10956:
10928:
10832:
10811:
10776:
10760:
10718:
10667:
10636:
10605:
10596:
10553:
10546:
10520:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
10383:
10260:
10100:
9913:
9846:
9722:
9715:
9643:
9575:
9479:
9364:
9284:
9219:
9141:
9048:
9033:
8985:
8947:
8659:
8584:
8459:
8450:
8380:
8317:
8308:
8239:
7701:10.1017/S0140525X17001893
7248:DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (1962).
7239:DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (1968).
7226:DeschĂȘnes, Bruno (2002).
7124:Sonoma Free County Press.
6938:10.1215/00141801-2006-001
6820:(4 ed.). Routledge.
6540:"Shamanism in Prehistory"
6522:Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff
6483:10.1017/S0140525X17002199
6436:10.1017/S0140525X17002084
6393:10.1017/S0140525X17002023
6324:10.1017/S0140525X17002230
6239:10.1017/S0959774302000045
5338:10.1215/00141801-2006-001
5296:, Hart Publishing, 2011,
5268:"Definition of Shamanism"
4505:10.1017/S0140525X17001893
4089:Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff
3594:) of a warrior's shield (
2575:Oxford English Dictionary
2406:
2362:
2308:
2235:In the 20th century, non-
1437:Facilitated communication
806:Armenian Apostolic Church
12324:Anthropology of religion
11559:World Fantasy Convention
10850:Christian views on magic
10528:The Discovery of Witches
10400:Directorium Inquisitorum
9229:Friedrich Schleiermacher
8815:Theories about religions
8617:Inconsistent revelations
8166:Shamanic Healing Rituals
7793:10.1177/0539018410391044
7772:Witzel, Michael (2011).
7201:Czaplicka, M.A. (1914).
6163:10.1177/0886109909331756
5661:Shaman-the Dawn's People
5225:Rocznik Orientalistyczny
4993:Alberts, Thomas (2015).
4844:The Growth of Literature
4805:American Anthropologist,
4682:. Blackwell Publishers.
4564:Gredig, Florian (2009).
4403:Reincarnation (Ho-Chunk)
3958:Christian views on magic
3552:
3303:Soul and spirit concepts
2495:plus the Russian suffix
2102:Candida hypersensitivity
1284:Fake COVID-19 treatments
1098:This article is part of
698:Native American religion
353:Revitalization movements
208:Sacredâprofane dichotomy
48:Anthropology of religion
11627:Fire-breathing monsters
10456:De praestigiis daemonum
10408:De maleficis mulieribus
8097:American Anthropologist
7853:American Anthropologist
7405:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2005).
7365:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (1994).
7171:BarĂŒske, Heinz (1969).
6196:. Bergin & Garvey.
6009:: 10, footnote 10 (see
5841:BarĂŒske 1969: 24, 50â51
5247:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
5130:Rydving, Hakan (2011).
4885:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (2005).
4801:A Journal of an Ambassy
4640:Hutton, Ronald (2001).
4566:Finding New Cosmologies
4540:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
4066:the psychology of magic
3447:Initiation and learning
3336:Scarcity of hunted game
2400:
2394:
2384:
2338:
2320:
2197:) interacting with the
1776:COVID-19 misinformation
1704:Young blood transfusion
1584:Orthomolecular medicine
1549:Mindâbody interventions
1219:Anthroposophic medicine
1159:Rise of modern medicine
612:The Journal of Religion
233:Theories about religion
32:Shaman (disambiguation)
11378:Dungeons & Dragons
10512:Compendium Maleficarum
10504:Magical Investigations
10395:(8thâ2nd centuries BC)
9093:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
8233:Philosophy of religion
7915:In the Shadow of Crows
7849:"Shamans as Neurotics"
7840:Richard de Mille, ed.
7683:Singh, Manvir (2018).
7228:"Inuit Throat-Singing"
7181:BoglĂĄr, Lajos (2001).
6574:"Prehistoric religion"
6306:Singh, Manvir (2018).
6287:Reuell, Peter (2018).
6044:Reichel-Dolmatoff 1997
5757:"Inuit Throat-Singing"
5691:. Simon and Schuster.
5403:KING, THOMAS. (2018).
5243:"Shamanism | religion"
5064:"Fatal Naming Rituals"
5019:"Fatal Naming Rituals"
4487:Singh, Manvir (2018).
4237:
3759:
3601:
3573:
3536:
3403:or through the use of
3201:The shaman can employ
2820:cultural appropriation
2807:
2535:The English historian
2528:
2497:
2478:Christian missionaries
2441:Noord en Oost Tataryen
2291:
2267:cultural appropriation
1808:Mindâbody intervention
1759:MMR vaccine and autism
1749:Vaccine misinformation
1644:Rapid prompting method
658:Alaska Native religion
653:Afro-American religion
248:Veneration of the dead
59:
11444:International Fantasy
10135:Cloak of invisibility
9891:Solitary practitioner
9804:Witch-cult hypothesis
9628:Faith and rationality
9583:Criticism of religion
9521:Robert Merrihew Adams
9511:Nicholas Wolterstorff
8714:Divine command theory
8041:10.4324/9781315198156
7911:David Charles Manners
7600:Nattiez, Jean Jacques
7156:Vitebsky 1996: 150â53
7126:Accessed 31 Jan 2013.
6826:10.4324/9781315470610
6674:HoppĂĄl 2005: 25â26,43
5776:Turner et al., p. 440
5496:10.1215/9780822385837
4942:"Circle of Tengerism"
4413:Shaking Tent Ceremony
4270:shamanism among Inuit
4227:
4147:and belonging to the
4113:Upper Paleolithic era
3749:
3579:
3560:
3532:shaman priest in his
3528:
3226:, and message-bearers
3129:Witch-cult hypothesis
3124:Witch as an archetype
2805:
2796:Further information:
2792:Criticism of the term
2518:
2455:to English speakers.
2285:
2137:Vertebral subluxation
2086:Alternative diagnoses
1674:Thought Field Therapy
1314:Vertebral subluxation
1059:cultural anthropology
678:Chinese folk religion
570:Anthony F. C. Wallace
565:Daniel Martin Varisco
490:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
392:of the Religious Life
58:
12344:Supernatural healing
12248:Supernatural fiction
11325:Fantastic Adventures
10855:Magical organization
10370:Witches of Benevento
9618:Religious philosophy
9098:Pico della Mirandola
9063:Anselm of Canterbury
8995:Augustinian theodicy
8907:Religious skepticism
8240:Concepts in religion
8178:Shamanism in Siberia
7858:Jay Courtney Fikes,
7312:Fock, Niels (1963).
7013:DiĂłszegi 1960: 88â89
6980:DiĂłszegi 1960: 37â39
6628:, November 4, 2008,
4948:on January 26, 2013.
4610:Wernitznig, Dagmar,
4398:Prehistoric medicine
4013:Magical organization
3666:The assistant of an
3441:Inuit throat singing
2855:spirit communication
2562:Indigenous religions
2472:. She suggests that
2398:, in Tocharian B as
2253:Indigenous religions
2107:Chronic Lyme disease
1836:Traditional medicine
1818:Manipulative methods
1619:Postural Integration
1482:Bach flower remedies
1358:Craniosacral therapy
1186:Therapeutic nihilism
1131:Alternative medicine
1108:Alternative medicine
713:Shamanism in Siberia
560:Edward Burnett Tylor
390:The Elementary Forms
158:Magic (supernatural)
108:Comparative religion
11549:Tolkien's influence
11262:Fantasy Masterworks
11215:Television programs
11023:Fairy tale parodies
10472:Newes from Scotland
10432:Malleus Maleficarum
9809:Anglo-Saxon England
9603:History of religion
9304:Friedrich Nietzsche
9181:Gottfried W Leibniz
9176:Nicolas Malebranche
9108:King James VI and I
8388:Abrahamic religions
7957:. pp. 195â202.
7663:of Northeast China.
7631:; Shi, Kun (2004).
7620:website curated by
7438:SĂĄmĂĄnok Ă©s kultĂșrĂĄk
7407:SĂĄmĂĄnok EurĂĄzsiĂĄban
7387:Folklór és közösség
7327:Book of the Eskimos
7291:Fienup-Riordan, Ann
7103:HoppĂĄl 2005: 257â58
6544:Bradshaw foundation
6026:Noll & Shi 2004
6007:Noll & Shi 2004
5811:Thames & Hudson
5786:Noll & Shi 2004
5272:Merriam-Webster.com
5149:10.4000/emscat.1815
4887:SĂĄmĂĄnok EurĂĄzsiĂĄban
4732:Januhnan, 1986: 98.
4315:Regional variations
4228:A shaman doctor of
4023:Western esotericism
2863:Abrahamic religions
2810:The anthropologist
2781:supernatural realms
1754:Vaccines and autism
1744:Anti-vaccinationism
1737:OPV AIDS hypothesis
1539:Megavitamin therapy
1452:Functional medicine
1229:Applied kinesiology
1125:General information
895:Hindu denominations
836:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
605:The Hibbert Journal
515:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
500:Fustel de Coulanges
42:Part of a series on
12339:Spiritual practice
12329:Indigenous culture
11771:Damsel in distress
11539:Mythopoeic Society
11140:Paranormal romance
11055:Historical fantasy
11040:Fantasy of manners
10994:Children's fantasy
10824:Witches in fiction
10812:In popular culture
10386:historic treatises
9613:Religious language
9593:Ethics in religion
9551:William Lane Craig
9426:Charles Hartshorne
9166:Desiderius Erasmus
9068:Augustine of Hippo
9010:Inconsistent triad
8972:Apophatic theology
8967:Logical positivism
8949:Religious language
8569:Watchmaker analogy
8534:Necessary existent
8310:Conceptions of God
8270:Intelligent design
8002:Andrei Znamenski,
7974:Silvia TomĂĄĆĄkovĂĄ,
7497:1986, 194: 97â117.
7428:2010-01-02 at the
7232:Musical Traditions
7119:2013-03-05 at the
6971:BoglĂĄr 2001: 19â20
6080:Vitebsky 1996: 108
6053:Vitebsky 1996: 107
5973:HoppĂĄl 2005: 87â95
5964:HoppĂĄl 2005: 61â64
5946:HoppĂĄl 2005: 34â35
5928:HoppĂĄl 2005: 28â33
5919:HoppĂĄl 2005: 27â28
4818:2013-12-02 at the
4298:fraudulent shamans
4238:
4184:"grammar of mind."
4099:Historical origins
3953:Magic and religion
3818:Magic and religion
3760:
3636:, and acting as a
3602:
3574:
3572:, Indonesia (1920)
3537:
3114:Magic and religion
2808:
2529:
2447:, a merchant from
2404:and in Chinese as
2292:
2218:spiritual energies
2122:Leaky gut syndrome
2097:Aerotoxic syndrome
2034:Prophetic medicine
1732:HIV/AIDS denialism
1559:Myofascial release
1467:Holistic dentistry
1447:Feldenkrais Method
1427:Estrogen dominance
1353:Conversion therapy
949:Non-denominational
861:Oriental Orthodoxy
415:Poles in mythology
148:Laying on of hands
60:
27:Religious practice
12306:
12305:
12180:
12179:
12105:Places and events
11567:
11566:
11397:
11396:
11118:Planetary romance
11029:Fairytale fantasy
10984:Alternate history
10972:Sword and sorcery
10963:Action-adventure
10888:
10887:
10845:Witch (archetype)
10807:
10806:
10756:
10755:
10082:Sympathetic magic
9909:
9908:
9671:
9670:
9571:
9570:
9531:Peter van Inwagen
9516:Richard Swinburne
9461:George I Mavrodes
9321:Vladimir Solovyov
9261:SĂžren Kierkegaard
9186:William Wollaston
9133:William of Ockham
9113:Marcion of Sinope
9015:Irenaean theodicy
9005:Euthyphro dilemma
8932:Transcendentalism
8761:Womanist theology
8751:Feminist theology
8655:
8654:
8446:
8445:
8332:Divine simplicity
8252:Euthyphro dilemma
8174:by A. Asbjorn Jon
8026:978-0-1951-7231-7
8016:Andrei Znamenski,
8012:978-1-4020-1740-7
7984:978-0-520-27532-4
7970:978-0-8263-1358-4
7960:Barbara Tedlock,
7955:978-0-231-13748-5
7938:978-0-7914-2315-8
7928:Jordan D. Paper,
7923:978-1-904955-92-4
7906:978-1-57766-162-7
7892:978-0-19-516115-1
7876:. Journal of the
7868:978-0-9696960-0-1
7847:George Devereux,
7833:Harner, Michael,
7829:978-0-14-019443-2
7763:978-963-9104-39-6
7743:978-963-9104-39-6
7649:on March 26, 2009
7622:Jerome Rothenberg
7608:Musical Semiotics
7593:Finno-Ugric guide
7586:978-963-243-813-9
7558:978-90-04-07160-5
7539:978-0-521-21952-5
7516:978-0-521-22544-1
7486:978-963-05-8521-7
7467:978-963-05-8521-7
7447:978-963-9450-28-8
7416:978-963-05-8295-7
7396:978-963-9028-14-2
7376:978-963-208-298-1
7356:978-963-13-0900-3
7337:978-0-449-30802-8
7304:978-0-585-12190-1
7281:978-963-05-7542-3
7261:978-963-9147-13-3
7218:978-1-60506-060-6
7203:"Types of shaman"
7192:978-963-9082-94-6
7112:Hagan, Helene E.
6835:978-1-315-47061-0
6710:HoppĂĄl 2006b: 175
6550:on April 30, 2008
6203:978-0-89789-704-4
6122:978-3-643-90788-2
5820:978-0-500-81029-3
5698:978-1-59143-341-5
5671:978-1-7321874-0-5
5623:978-1-78533-865-6
5505:978-0-8223-3333-3
5455:978-0-520-22268-7
5414:978-1-5179-0446-3
5358:. August 21, 2014
5311:978-1-84113-878-7
5209:978-1-906876-11-1
5120:Vitebsky 1996: 11
5091:ISSR, 2001 Summer
5004:978-1-4724-3986-4
4969:on April 2, 2017.
4914:978-963-218-200-1
4896:978-963-05-8295-7
4723:DiĂłszegi 1962: 13
4689:978-1-55786-560-1
4597:978-1-57766-162-7
4383:Neuroanthropology
4182:uses the concept
4078:Nicholas Humphrey
4061:
4060:
3913:Sympathetic magic
3732:ayahuasca tourism
3682:Ecological aspect
3387:Religious ecstasy
3179:
3178:
2777:religious ecstasy
2572:According to the
2326:Tungusic language
2302:derives from the
2247:, created modern
2180:
2179:
1907:Chinese herbology
1664:Scientific racism
1629:Psychodermatology
1534:Medical intuitive
1514:Lightning Process
1472:Hologram bracelet
1420:Therapeutic touch
1321:Christian Science
1294:Cancer treatments
1093:
1092:
881:Russian Orthodoxy
831:Eastern Orthodoxy
480:Arnold van Gennep
399:Purity and Danger
16:(Redirected from
12351:
12296:
12295:
12286:
12285:
12162:Enchanted forest
11806:Occult detective
11578:
11577:
11534:Lovecraft fandom
11499:
11498:
11203:highest-grossing
11177:
11176:
11164:Westâern fantasy
10915:
10908:
10901:
10892:
10891:
10819:Magic in fiction
10649:Northern Moravia
10603:
10602:
10583:Papua New Guinea
10551:
10550:
10335:Nine sorceresses
10087:Witches' Sabbath
9936:Ceremonial magic
9926:Apotropaic magic
9720:
9719:
9698:
9691:
9684:
9675:
9674:
9661:
9660:
9651:
9556:Ali Akbar Rashad
9419:Reinhold Niebuhr
9379:Bertrand Russell
9374:George Santayana
9271:Albrecht Ritschl
9256:Ludwig Feuerbach
9046:
9045:
9042:(by date active)
8902:Process theology
8647:Russell's teapot
8457:
8456:
8452:Existence of God
8362:Process theology
8315:
8314:
8300:Theological veto
8263:religious belief
8226:
8219:
8212:
8203:
8202:
8129:
8090:
8065:(1/2): 112â119.
8051:
8033:Korean Shamanism
7882:Philip Jenkins,
7804:
7778:
7767:
7747:
7720:
7674:Shimamura, Ippei
7658:
7656:
7654:
7648:
7637:
7614:available online
7612:. The songs are
7611:
7590:
7571:
7562:
7543:
7531:
7520:
7508:
7490:
7471:
7451:
7420:
7400:
7380:
7360:
7341:
7317:
7308:
7285:
7265:
7244:
7235:
7222:
7196:
7176:
7157:
7154:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7143:
7133:
7127:
7110:
7104:
7101:
7095:
7092:
7086:
7083:
7077:
7074:
7068:
7065:
7059:
7056:
7050:
7049:Merkur 1985: 134
7047:
7041:
7040:Merkur 1985: 132
7038:
7032:
7029:
7023:
7022:HoppĂĄl 2005: 224
7020:
7014:
7011:
7005:
6999:
6993:
6987:
6981:
6978:
6972:
6969:
6963:
6962:HoppĂĄl 2005: 259
6960:
6951:
6950:HoppĂĄl 2005: 117
6948:
6942:
6941:
6921:
6915:
6912:
6906:
6903:
6897:
6894:
6888:
6885:
6879:
6878:
6846:
6840:
6839:
6811:
6800:
6794:
6788:
6785:
6779:
6776:PentikÀinen 1995
6773:
6767:
6761:
6750:
6744:
6738:
6734:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly:
6732:
6723:
6717:
6711:
6708:
6702:
6701:HoppĂĄl 2006a: 11
6699:
6693:
6690:
6684:
6681:
6675:
6672:
6661:
6658:PentikÀinen 1995
6655:
6649:
6646:
6637:
6618:
6612:
6609:
6603:
6600:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6584:on April 9, 2008
6580:. Archived from
6569:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6546:. Archived from
6535:
6529:
6519:
6513:
6512:
6494:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6419:
6413:
6412:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6359:The Conversation
6350:
6344:
6343:
6303:
6297:
6296:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6257:
6251:
6250:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6189:
6183:
6182:
6142:
6136:
6133:
6127:
6126:
6108:
6102:
6099:
6090:
6087:
6081:
6078:
6072:
6069:
6063:
6060:
6054:
6051:
6045:
6042:
6033:
6023:
6014:
6004:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5990:
5980:
5974:
5971:
5965:
5962:
5956:
5953:
5947:
5944:
5938:
5935:
5929:
5926:
5920:
5917:
5911:
5908:
5899:
5896:
5887:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5857:
5851:
5848:
5842:
5839:
5833:
5832:
5799:
5793:
5783:
5777:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5753:
5747:
5744:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5725:on April 2, 2015
5724:
5718:. Archived from
5717:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5655:
5649:
5646:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5609:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5581:
5578:
5572:
5571:
5563:
5554:
5548:
5542:
5536:
5530:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5468:
5459:
5458:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5220:
5214:
5213:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5112:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5094:
5088:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5059:
5053:
5046:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5015:
5009:
5008:
4990:
4984:
4983:1986, 194: 97â98
4977:
4971:
4970:
4965:. Archived from
4959:
4950:
4949:
4944:. Archived from
4938:
4932:
4926:
4920:
4918:
4900:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4861:, 'shamaness', '
4838:
4832:
4829:
4823:
4793:
4787:
4781:
4775:
4768:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4739:
4733:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4712:
4709:
4694:
4693:
4673:
4667:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4637:
4631:
4625:
4619:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4583:
4570:
4569:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4484:
4180:Juha PentikÀinen
4149:Natufian culture
4053:
4046:
4039:
3853:Ceremonial magic
3843:Apotropaic magic
3813:History of magic
3798:
3775:
3774:
3495:Ecstatic dancing
3401:autohypnotically
3267:animating spirit
3171:
3164:
3157:
3000:
2993:
2984:
2977:
2965:
2942:
2941:
2916:tribal societies
2882:
2766:ethnic religions
2743:Khanate of Kazan
2741:the shamanistic
2685:, and practices
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2489:
2488:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2387:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2341:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2249:magico-religious
2172:
2165:
2158:
1922:Gill plate trade
1684:Vaginal steaming
1331:Colloidal silver
1299:Charcoal cleanse
1118:
1095:
1094:
1085:
1078:
1071:
826:Coptic Orthodoxy
540:Marshall Sahlins
382:Related articles
39:
38:
21:
12359:
12358:
12354:
12353:
12352:
12350:
12349:
12348:
12309:
12308:
12307:
12302:
12274:
12243:Science fiction
12176:
12099:
11989:
11896:Magical weapons
11827:
11791:Fairy godmother
11747:
11691:Talking animals
11563:
11488:
11414:British Fantasy
11393:
11365:
11346:Science Fantasy
11303:
11219:
11168:
11107:Science fantasy
10952:
10924:
10922:Fantasy fiction
10919:
10889:
10884:
10828:
10803:
10772:
10752:
10714:
10668:Northern Europe
10663:
10632:
10592:
10542:
10385:
10379:
10262:
10256:
10195:Magical weapons
10145:Flying ointment
10096:
9941:Magical formula
9905:
9842:
9789:Greece and Rome
9711:
9702:
9672:
9667:
9639:
9567:
9563:Alexander Pruss
9546:Jean-Luc Marion
9501:Alvin Plantinga
9496:Dewi Z Phillips
9483:
9481:
9475:
9446:Walter Kaufmann
9436:Frithjof Schuon
9409:Rudolf Bultmann
9366:
9360:
9356:Joseph Maréchal
9346:Pavel Florensky
9341:Sergei Bulgakov
9326:Ernst Troeltsch
9309:Harald HĂžffding
9286:
9280:
9251:William Whewell
9239:Georg W F Hegel
9234:Karl C F Krause
9221:
9215:
9211:Johann G Herder
9201:Baron d'Holbach
9151:Augustin Calmet
9137:
9053:
9041:
9040:
9037:
9029:
8987:Problem of evil
8981:
8977:Verificationism
8943:
8651:
8597:Atheist's Wager
8580:
8442:
8376:
8304:
8280:Problem of evil
8235:
8230:
8137:
8132:
7817:Joseph Campbell
7812:
7810:Further reading
7807:
7776:
7764:
7744:
7652:
7650:
7646:
7635:
7587:
7577:Finnugor kalauz
7559:
7540:
7517:
7487:
7468:
7448:
7430:Wayback Machine
7417:
7397:
7377:
7357:
7338:
7322:Freuchen, Peter
7305:
7282:
7262:
7219:
7193:
7166:
7161:
7160:
7155:
7151:
7141:
7139:
7135:
7134:
7130:
7121:Wayback Machine
7111:
7107:
7102:
7098:
7093:
7089:
7085:HoppĂĄl 2005: 93
7084:
7080:
7076:HoppĂĄl 2005: 88
7075:
7071:
7067:HoppĂĄl 1994: 62
7066:
7062:
7058:HoppĂĄl 2005: 92
7057:
7053:
7048:
7044:
7039:
7035:
7030:
7026:
7021:
7017:
7012:
7008:
7000:
6996:
6988:
6984:
6979:
6975:
6970:
6966:
6961:
6954:
6949:
6945:
6922:
6918:
6913:
6909:
6904:
6900:
6895:
6891:
6886:
6882:
6847:
6843:
6836:
6812:
6803:
6795:
6791:
6786:
6782:
6774:
6770:
6762:
6753:
6745:
6741:
6733:
6726:
6718:
6714:
6709:
6705:
6700:
6696:
6691:
6687:
6683:HoppĂĄl 2004: 14
6682:
6678:
6673:
6664:
6656:
6652:
6648:HoppĂĄl 2005: 14
6647:
6640:
6619:
6615:
6610:
6606:
6601:
6597:
6587:
6585:
6570:
6563:
6553:
6551:
6536:
6532:
6520:
6516:
6463:
6459:
6420:
6416:
6377:
6373:
6363:
6361:
6351:
6347:
6304:
6300:
6293:Harvard Gazette
6285:
6281:
6258:
6254:
6223:
6219:
6204:
6190:
6186:
6143:
6139:
6134:
6130:
6123:
6109:
6105:
6100:
6093:
6088:
6084:
6079:
6075:
6070:
6066:
6062:BoglĂĄr 2001: 26
6061:
6057:
6052:
6048:
6043:
6036:
6024:
6017:
6005:
5998:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5972:
5968:
5963:
5959:
5955:HoppĂĄl 2005: 36
5954:
5950:
5945:
5941:
5937:HoppĂĄl 2005: 37
5936:
5932:
5927:
5923:
5918:
5914:
5910:HoppĂĄl 2005: 25
5909:
5902:
5898:BoglĂĄr 2001: 24
5897:
5890:
5886:HoppĂĄl 2005: 45
5885:
5881:
5858:
5854:
5849:
5845:
5840:
5836:
5821:
5800:
5796:
5784:
5780:
5775:
5771:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5745:
5738:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5706:
5699:
5683:
5679:
5672:
5656:
5652:
5648:HoppĂĄl 2005: 99
5647:
5643:
5635:
5631:
5624:
5610:
5603:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5584:
5580:HoppĂĄl 2005: 27
5579:
5575:
5564:
5557:
5549:
5545:
5537:
5533:
5525:
5521:
5506:
5484:
5480:
5473:"Hell and Back"
5469:
5462:
5456:
5434:
5430:
5415:
5401:
5397:
5387:
5385:
5375:
5371:
5361:
5359:
5350:
5349:
5345:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5291:
5290:
5286:
5276:
5274:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5251:
5249:
5241:
5240:
5236:
5221:
5217:
5210:
5196:
5192:
5165:Asian Ethnicity
5161:
5157:
5128:
5124:
5119:
5115:
5111:HoppĂĄl 1998: 40
5110:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5089:
5082:
5072:
5070:
5060:
5056:
5048:Mircea Eliade,
5047:
5038:
5028:
5026:
5025:. July 19, 2018
5017:
5016:
5012:
5005:
4991:
4987:
4978:
4974:
4961:
4960:
4953:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4931:. pp. viiâviii.
4927:
4923:
4915:
4897:
4883:
4879:
4839:
4835:
4830:
4826:
4820:Wayback Machine
4794:
4790:
4782:
4778:
4769:
4765:
4758:
4754:
4740:
4736:
4731:
4727:
4722:
4715:
4711:HoppĂĄl 2005: 15
4710:
4697:
4690:
4674:
4670:
4661:
4657:
4638:
4634:
4626:
4622:
4609:
4605:
4598:
4584:
4573:
4562:
4558:
4544:
4542:
4532:
4528:
4485:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4303:There are also
4294:Cherokee Nation
4219:
4202:
4174:There are also
4157:
4101:
4086:
4057:
4028:
4027:
4008:Magical formula
3998:
3997:
3988:
3987:
3968:Islam and magic
3948:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3838:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3808:
3807:
3765:
3744:
3727:
3684:
3670:shaman (called
3634:fortune-telling
3606:spiritual world
3555:
3520:
3491:
3489:Other practices
3464:Northeast China
3456:rite of passage
3449:
3423:
3413:
3411:Music and songs
3399:trance, either
3389:
3383:
3311:
3305:
3175:
3146:
3145:
3077:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3015:
3014:
3005:
2996:
2989:
2980:
2973:
2940:
2908:
2876:
2872:Anthropologist
2800:
2794:
2695:Evenki language
2681:state during a
2649:
2645:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2583:
2579:
2513:
2486:
2485:
2429:Nicolaes Witsen
2356:noted that the
2334:Manchu language
2288:Nicolaes Witsen
2280:
2275:
2230:academic papers
2176:
2147:
2146:
2092:Adrenal fatigue
2087:
2079:
2078:
1853:Southern Africa
1838:
1828:
1827:
1798:
1796:Classifications
1788:
1787:
1764:in chiropractic
1722:
1714:
1713:
1634:Quantum healing
1624:Psychic surgery
1499:Ionized jewelry
1462:Herbal medicine
1410:Esoteric energy
1400:Energy medicine
1368:Cupping therapy
1363:Crystal healing
1336:Colon cleansing
1274:Bowen technique
1244:Auriculotherapy
1199:
1191:
1190:
1126:
1089:
1049:
1048:
841:Greek Orthodoxy
821:Catholic Church
637:
636:
625:
624:
585:
584:
575:
574:
550:Stanley Tambiah
505:Clifford Geertz
460:Joseph Campbell
445:Augustin Calmet
440:
439:
438:Major theorists
430:
429:
405:Myth and ritual
391:
384:
383:
374:
373:
279:
263:
262:
253:
252:
203:Sacred language
193:Rite of passage
118:Divine language
83:
82:
73:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12357:
12347:
12346:
12341:
12336:
12331:
12326:
12321:
12304:
12303:
12301:
12300:
12290:
12279:
12276:
12275:
12273:
12272:
12267:
12266:
12265:
12255:
12250:
12245:
12240:
12235:
12230:
12225:
12223:Horror fiction
12220:
12218:Gothic fiction
12215:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12188:
12186:
12182:
12181:
12178:
12177:
12175:
12174:
12169:
12167:Thieves' guild
12164:
12159:
12154:
12153:
12152:
12142:
12137:
12132:
12127:
12126:
12125:
12115:
12109:
12107:
12101:
12100:
12098:
12097:
12092:
12087:
12082:
12077:
12076:
12075:
12070:
12060:
12055:
12050:
12045:
12040:
12035:
12030:
12025:
12020:
12015:
12010:
12005:
11999:
11997:
11991:
11990:
11988:
11987:
11986:
11985:
11980:
11975:
11970:
11965:
11960:
11955:
11950:
11945:
11940:
11935:
11930:
11925:
11917:
11916:
11915:
11910:
11905:
11904:
11903:
11893:
11888:
11878:
11877:
11876:
11871:
11866:
11861:
11848:
11837:
11835:
11829:
11828:
11826:
11825:
11820:
11815:
11814:
11813:
11803:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11783:
11778:
11773:
11768:
11763:
11757:
11755:
11749:
11748:
11746:
11745:
11740:
11735:
11734:
11733:
11728:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11708:
11703:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11677:
11676:
11671:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11640:
11639:
11634:
11624:
11619:
11614:
11609:
11608:
11607:
11602:
11592:
11586:
11584:
11575:
11569:
11568:
11565:
11564:
11562:
11561:
11556:
11551:
11546:
11544:Tolkien fandom
11541:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11518:
11513:
11508:
11502:
11496:
11490:
11489:
11487:
11486:
11481:
11476:
11471:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11431:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11405:
11403:
11399:
11398:
11395:
11394:
11392:
11391:
11386:
11381:
11373:
11371:
11367:
11366:
11364:
11363:
11356:
11349:
11342:
11335:
11328:
11321:
11313:
11311:
11305:
11304:
11302:
11301:
11296:
11291:
11290:
11289:
11284:
11279:
11272:List of novels
11269:
11264:
11259:
11252:
11251:
11250:
11240:
11235:
11229:
11227:
11221:
11220:
11218:
11217:
11212:
11211:
11210:
11205:
11195:
11189:
11187:
11174:
11170:
11169:
11167:
11166:
11161:
11160:
11159:
11154:
11144:
11143:
11142:
11137:
11127:
11122:
11121:
11120:
11115:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11089:
11088:
11087:
11077:
11072:
11067:
11062:
11057:
11052:
11047:
11042:
11037:
11032:
11026:
11020:
11019:
11018:
11008:
11007:
11006:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10981:
10980:
10979:
10974:
10969:
10960:
10958:
10954:
10953:
10951:
10950:
10945:
10940:
10935:
10929:
10926:
10925:
10918:
10917:
10910:
10903:
10895:
10886:
10885:
10883:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10836:
10834:
10830:
10829:
10827:
10826:
10821:
10815:
10813:
10809:
10808:
10805:
10804:
10802:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10780:
10778:
10774:
10773:
10771:
10770:
10764:
10762:
10758:
10757:
10754:
10753:
10751:
10750:
10749:
10748:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10722:
10720:
10719:Western Europe
10716:
10715:
10713:
10712:
10707:
10702:
10697:
10692:
10687:
10682:
10677:
10671:
10669:
10665:
10664:
10662:
10661:
10656:
10651:
10646:
10640:
10638:
10637:Eastern Europe
10634:
10633:
10631:
10630:
10625:
10620:
10615:
10609:
10607:
10600:
10594:
10593:
10591:
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10580:
10575:
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10559:
10557:
10548:
10544:
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10524:
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10508:
10500:
10492:
10484:
10476:
10468:
10460:
10452:
10444:
10436:
10428:
10420:
10412:
10404:
10396:
10389:
10387:
10381:
10380:
10378:
10377:
10375:Witch of Endor
10372:
10367:
10362:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10342:
10337:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10266:
10264:
10258:
10257:
10255:
10254:
10252:Witch's ladder
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10203:
10202:
10192:
10187:
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10177:
10172:
10167:
10162:
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10147:
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10137:
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10098:
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10069:
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9577:
9576:Related topics
9573:
9572:
9569:
9568:
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9565:
9559:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9536:Daniel Dennett
9533:
9528:
9526:Ravi Zacharias
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9491:William L Rowe
9487:
9485:
9477:
9476:
9474:
9473:
9468:
9466:William Alston
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9422:
9421:
9416:
9414:Gabriel Marcel
9411:
9406:
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9386:
9381:
9376:
9370:
9368:
9362:
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9353:
9351:Ernst Cassirer
9348:
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9328:
9323:
9317:
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9288:
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9281:
9279:
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9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9246:Thomas Carlyle
9242:
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9225:
9223:
9217:
9216:
9214:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9171:Baruch Spinoza
9168:
9163:
9158:
9156:René Descartes
9153:
9147:
9145:
9139:
9138:
9136:
9135:
9130:
9128:Thomas Aquinas
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
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8909:
8904:
8899:
8897:Possibilianism
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8853:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8773:Fundamentalism
8770:
8765:
8764:
8763:
8758:
8748:
8747:
8746:
8741:
8734:Existentialism
8731:
8726:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8665:
8663:
8657:
8656:
8653:
8652:
8650:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8627:Noncognitivism
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8588:
8586:
8582:
8581:
8579:
8578:
8576:Transcendental
8573:
8572:
8571:
8566:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8544:Pascal's wager
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8495:
8494:
8489:
8479:
8474:
8472:Christological
8469:
8463:
8461:
8454:
8448:
8447:
8444:
8443:
8441:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8384:
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8378:
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8375:
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8369:
8364:
8359:
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8318:
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8306:
8305:
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8297:
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8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8266:
8265:
8254:
8249:
8243:
8241:
8237:
8236:
8229:
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8221:
8214:
8206:
8200:
8199:
8193:
8187:
8181:
8175:
8169:
8163:
8157:
8144:
8136:
8135:External links
8133:
8131:
8130:
8104:(3): 512â527.
8091:
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8000:
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7287:
7280:
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7236:
7223:
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7198:
7191:
7178:
7173:Eskimo MĂ€rchen
7167:
7165:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7149:
7128:
7105:
7096:
7087:
7078:
7069:
7060:
7051:
7042:
7033:
7031:Nagy 1998: 232
7024:
7015:
7006:
6994:
6982:
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6964:
6952:
6943:
6916:
6907:
6898:
6889:
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6834:
6801:
6789:
6787:Merkur 1985: v
6780:
6768:
6751:
6739:
6724:
6712:
6703:
6694:
6685:
6676:
6662:
6650:
6638:
6613:
6604:
6595:
6572:Karl J. Narr.
6561:
6538:Jean Clottes.
6530:
6514:
6457:
6414:
6371:
6345:
6298:
6279:
6268:(2): 174â203.
6252:
6217:
6202:
6184:
6157:(2): 186â198.
6137:
6128:
6121:
6103:
6101:Merkur 1985: 3
6091:
6082:
6073:
6071:Merkur 1985: 5
6064:
6055:
6046:
6034:
6015:
5996:
5975:
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5629:
5622:
5601:
5591:
5582:
5573:
5566:Sem, Tatyana.
5555:
5543:
5531:
5519:
5504:
5478:
5460:
5454:
5428:
5413:
5395:
5369:
5343:
5332:(3): 445â447.
5316:
5310:
5284:
5259:
5234:
5215:
5208:
5190:
5171:(4): 473â491.
5155:
5122:
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5080:
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5003:
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4951:
4933:
4921:
4913:
4895:
4877:
4857:feminine form
4833:
4824:
4788:
4776:
4763:
4752:
4743:Eliade, Mircea
4734:
4725:
4713:
4695:
4688:
4668:
4655:
4632:
4620:
4616:Plastic Shaman
4603:
4596:
4571:
4556:
4526:
4471:
4470:
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4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4457:
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4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4393:Plastic shaman
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4333:Divine madness
4329:
4327:
4324:
4319:Main article:
4316:
4313:
4305:neoshamanistic
4283:
4282:
4278:
4255:language shift
4218:
4215:
4201:
4198:
4156:
4153:
4120:Michael Witzel
4100:
4097:
4085:
4082:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4033:
4030:
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4026:
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4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3996:Related topics
3995:
3994:
3993:
3990:
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3965:
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3803:
3800:
3799:
3791:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3770:theory of mind
3764:
3761:
3743:
3742:Academic study
3740:
3726:
3723:
3683:
3680:
3562:South Moluccan
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3471:wounded healer
3448:
3445:
3427:natural sounds
3417:Shamanic music
3412:
3409:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3337:
3333:
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3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3075:Related topics
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3042:
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3027:
3022:
3016:
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3004:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2987:
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2970:
2967:
2966:
2958:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2939:
2936:
2907:
2904:
2895:Piers Vitebsky
2793:
2790:
2735:Proto-Tungusic
2570:
2569:
2558:
2547:
2544:
2525:Russian Empire
2512:
2509:
2470:Ural Mountains
2296:Modern English
2279:
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2271:
2178:
2177:
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2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Pressure point
1939:
1934:
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1924:
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1914:
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1857:
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1823:Energy therapy
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1709:Zero balancing
1706:
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1694:Vision therapy
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1609:Parapsychology
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1529:Manual therapy
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1378:Detoxification
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1155:(health fraud)
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866:Pentecostalism
863:
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833:
828:
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646:folk religions
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470:Ămile Durkheim
467:
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450:Akbar S. Ahmed
447:
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425:Elite religion
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420:Lived religion
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355:
354:
350:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
293:
292:
288:
287:
282:
275:
269:
268:
264:
260:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
84:
81:Basic concepts
80:
79:
78:
75:
74:
61:
51:
50:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12356:
12345:
12342:
12340:
12337:
12335:
12332:
12330:
12327:
12325:
12322:
12320:
12317:
12316:
12314:
12299:
12291:
12289:
12281:
12280:
12277:
12271:
12268:
12264:
12261:
12260:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12231:
12229:
12226:
12224:
12221:
12219:
12216:
12213:
12212:Ghost stories
12210:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12189:
12187:
12183:
12173:
12170:
12168:
12165:
12163:
12160:
12158:
12155:
12151:
12148:
12147:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12138:
12136:
12133:
12131:
12128:
12124:
12121:
12120:
12119:
12116:
12114:
12111:
12110:
12108:
12106:
12102:
12096:
12093:
12091:
12088:
12086:
12083:
12081:
12078:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12065:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12054:
12051:
12049:
12046:
12044:
12041:
12039:
12036:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12026:
12024:
12021:
12019:
12016:
12014:
12011:
12009:
12006:
12004:
12001:
12000:
11998:
11996:
11995:Fantasy races
11992:
11984:
11981:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11969:
11968:Shapeshifting
11966:
11964:
11961:
11959:
11956:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11944:
11941:
11939:
11936:
11934:
11931:
11929:
11926:
11924:
11921:
11920:
11918:
11914:
11911:
11909:
11906:
11902:
11899:
11898:
11897:
11894:
11892:
11889:
11887:
11884:
11883:
11882:
11879:
11875:
11872:
11870:
11867:
11865:
11862:
11860:
11856:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11843:
11842:
11841:Hard and soft
11839:
11838:
11836:
11834:
11830:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11816:
11812:
11809:
11808:
11807:
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11789:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11779:
11777:
11774:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11758:
11756:
11754:
11750:
11744:
11741:
11739:
11736:
11732:
11729:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11698:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11675:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11666:
11665:
11664:Shapeshifters
11662:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11630:
11629:
11628:
11625:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11598:
11597:
11596:
11593:
11591:
11588:
11587:
11585:
11583:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11570:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11523:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11504:
11503:
11500:
11497:
11495:
11491:
11485:
11484:World Fantasy
11482:
11480:
11479:TĂ€htifantasia
11477:
11475:
11472:
11470:
11467:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11449:Japan Fantasy
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11406:
11404:
11400:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11379:
11375:
11374:
11372:
11368:
11362:
11361:
11357:
11355:
11354:
11350:
11348:
11347:
11343:
11341:
11340:
11336:
11334:
11333:
11329:
11327:
11326:
11322:
11320:
11319:
11315:
11314:
11312:
11310:
11306:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11288:
11285:
11283:
11280:
11278:
11275:
11274:
11273:
11270:
11268:
11265:
11263:
11260:
11258:
11257:
11253:
11249:
11246:
11245:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11230:
11228:
11226:
11222:
11216:
11213:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11200:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11190:
11188:
11186:
11182:
11178:
11175:
11171:
11165:
11162:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11149:
11148:
11147:Weird fiction
11145:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11132:
11131:
11130:Urban fantasy
11128:
11126:
11123:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11086:
11083:
11082:
11081:
11078:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11068:
11066:
11063:
11061:
11058:
11056:
11053:
11051:
11048:
11046:
11043:
11041:
11038:
11036:
11033:
11030:
11027:
11024:
11021:
11017:
11014:
11013:
11012:
11009:
11005:
11002:
11001:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10964:
10962:
10961:
10959:
10955:
10949:
10946:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10936:
10934:
10931:
10930:
10927:
10923:
10916:
10911:
10909:
10904:
10902:
10897:
10896:
10893:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10875:Folk religion
10873:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10837:
10835:
10831:
10825:
10822:
10820:
10817:
10816:
10814:
10810:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10781:
10779:
10775:
10769:
10766:
10765:
10763:
10759:
10747:
10744:
10743:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10727:
10724:
10723:
10721:
10717:
10711:
10708:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10698:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10672:
10670:
10666:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10641:
10639:
10635:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10610:
10608:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10595:
10589:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10560:
10558:
10556:
10552:
10549:
10545:
10538:
10537:
10533:
10530:
10529:
10525:
10522:
10521:
10517:
10514:
10513:
10509:
10506:
10505:
10501:
10498:
10497:
10493:
10490:
10489:
10485:
10482:
10481:
10477:
10474:
10473:
10469:
10466:
10465:
10461:
10458:
10457:
10453:
10450:
10449:
10445:
10442:
10441:
10437:
10434:
10433:
10429:
10426:
10425:
10421:
10418:
10417:
10413:
10410:
10409:
10405:
10402:
10401:
10397:
10394:
10391:
10390:
10388:
10382:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10365:Three Witches
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10326:
10325:Morgan le Fay
10323:
10321:
10318:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10267:
10265:
10259:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10201:
10198:
10197:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10170:Kitchen witch
10168:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10124:
10121:
10120:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10105:
10103:
10099:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10042:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9955:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9942:
9939:
9938:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9918:
9916:
9912:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9880:
9877:
9876:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9851:
9849:
9845:
9837:
9834:
9833:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9821:Latin America
9819:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9766:
9765:
9762:
9758:
9755:
9754:
9753:
9750:
9746:
9745:Witch smeller
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9732:
9731:
9728:
9727:
9725:
9721:
9718:
9714:
9710:
9706:
9699:
9694:
9692:
9687:
9685:
9680:
9679:
9676:
9664:
9656:
9654:
9650:
9646:
9645:
9642:
9636:
9635:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9580:
9578:
9574:
9564:
9561:
9560:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9506:Anthony Kenny
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9478:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9431:Mircea Eliade
9429:
9427:
9424:
9423:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9371:
9369:
9363:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9318:
9315:
9314:William James
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9294:Ernst Haeckel
9292:
9291:
9289:
9283:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9226:
9224:
9218:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9206:Immanuel Kant
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9161:Blaise Pascal
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9144:
9140:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9060:
9058:
9056:
9051:
9047:
9044:
9039:
9032:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8992:
8990:
8988:
8984:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8962:Language game
8960:
8958:
8955:
8954:
8952:
8950:
8946:
8940:
8939:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8837:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8790:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8753:
8752:
8749:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8666:
8664:
8662:
8658:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8632:Occam's razor
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8589:
8587:
8583:
8577:
8574:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8561:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8484:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8477:Consciousness
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8464:
8462:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8449:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8379:
8373:
8372:Unmoved mover
8370:
8368:
8367:Supreme Being
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8319:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8307:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8264:
8260:
8259:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8244:
8242:
8238:
8234:
8227:
8222:
8220:
8215:
8213:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8197:
8196:Samgaldai NGO
8194:
8191:
8188:
8185:
8182:
8179:
8176:
8173:
8170:
8167:
8164:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8152:
8148:
8145:
8142:
8139:
8138:
8127:
8123:
8119:
8115:
8111:
8107:
8103:
8099:
8098:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8080:
8076:
8072:
8068:
8064:
8060:
8059:
8058:CrossCurrents
8053:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8038:
8034:
8029:
8027:
8023:
8019:
8015:
8013:
8009:
8005:
8001:
7998:
7994:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7981:
7977:
7973:
7971:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7947:
7942:
7939:
7935:
7931:
7927:
7924:
7920:
7916:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7903:
7899:
7896:Alice Kehoe,
7895:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7879:
7875:
7871:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7854:
7850:
7846:
7843:
7839:
7836:
7832:
7830:
7826:
7822:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7802:
7798:
7794:
7790:
7786:
7782:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7759:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7739:
7735:
7730:
7727:
7723:
7718:
7714:
7710:
7706:
7702:
7698:
7695:: e66, 1â61.
7694:
7690:
7686:
7681:
7678:
7675:
7672:
7669:
7665:
7662:
7645:
7641:
7634:
7630:
7629:Noll, Richard
7626:
7623:
7619:
7615:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7597:
7594:
7588:
7582:
7578:
7573:
7569:
7564:
7560:
7554:
7550:
7545:
7541:
7535:
7530:
7529:
7522:
7518:
7512:
7507:
7506:
7499:
7496:
7492:
7488:
7482:
7478:
7473:
7469:
7463:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7443:
7439:
7434:
7431:
7427:
7424:
7418:
7412:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7392:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7372:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7352:
7348:
7343:
7339:
7333:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7319:
7315:
7310:
7306:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7283:
7277:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7257:
7253:
7252:
7246:
7242:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7224:
7220:
7214:
7210:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7188:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7168:
7153:
7138:
7132:
7125:
7122:
7118:
7115:
7109:
7100:
7091:
7082:
7073:
7064:
7055:
7046:
7037:
7028:
7019:
7010:
7004:
6998:
6991:
6986:
6977:
6968:
6959:
6957:
6947:
6939:
6935:
6932:(3): 445â77.
6931:
6927:
6920:
6911:
6902:
6893:
6884:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6845:
6837:
6831:
6827:
6823:
6819:
6818:
6810:
6808:
6806:
6798:
6793:
6784:
6777:
6772:
6765:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6748:
6743:
6737:
6731:
6729:
6721:
6716:
6707:
6698:
6689:
6680:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6659:
6654:
6645:
6643:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6623:
6617:
6611:Witzel, 2011.
6608:
6599:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6568:
6566:
6549:
6545:
6541:
6534:
6527:
6523:
6518:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6461:
6453:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6418:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6382:
6375:
6360:
6356:
6349:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6302:
6294:
6290:
6283:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6256:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6233:(1): 71â101.
6232:
6228:
6221:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6199:
6195:
6188:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6152:
6148:
6141:
6132:
6124:
6118:
6114:
6107:
6098:
6096:
6086:
6077:
6068:
6059:
6050:
6041:
6039:
6031:
6027:
6022:
6020:
6012:
6008:
6003:
6001:
5985:
5979:
5970:
5961:
5952:
5943:
5934:
5925:
5916:
5907:
5905:
5895:
5893:
5883:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5856:
5847:
5838:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5803:Halifax, Joan
5798:
5791:
5787:
5782:
5773:
5758:
5752:
5743:
5741:
5721:
5714:
5713:"healthCheck"
5708:
5700:
5694:
5690:
5689:
5681:
5673:
5667:
5663:
5662:
5654:
5645:
5638:
5633:
5625:
5619:
5615:
5608:
5606:
5595:
5586:
5577:
5569:
5562:
5560:
5552:
5547:
5540:
5539:Vitebsky 1996
5535:
5528:
5523:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5482:
5474:
5471:Salak, Kira.
5467:
5465:
5457:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5432:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5406:
5399:
5384:
5380:
5373:
5357:
5356:Lonely Planet
5353:
5347:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5288:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5230:
5226:
5219:
5211:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5159:
5150:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5126:
5117:
5108:
5099:
5092:
5087:
5085:
5069:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5006:
5000:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4976:
4968:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4930:
4925:
4916:
4910:
4906:
4901:pp. 77, 287;
4898:
4892:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4837:
4828:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4785:
4780:
4773:
4767:
4761:
4756:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4729:
4720:
4718:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4691:
4685:
4681:
4680:
4672:
4666:1986, 194:97.
4665:
4659:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4624:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4599:
4593:
4589:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4541:
4537:
4530:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4499:: e66: 1â61.
4498:
4494:
4490:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4472:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4435:Spirit spouse
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4322:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4279:
4276:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4247:
4242:
4235:
4231:
4226:
4222:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4054:
4049:
4047:
4042:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3992:
3991:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3963:Folk religion
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3942:
3941:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3888:Natural magic
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3758:
3757:with his drum
3756:
3752:
3748:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3701:Piaroa people
3697:
3693:
3692:Tucano people
3689:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3614:spirit guides
3611:
3607:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3571:
3567:
3564:shaman in an
3563:
3559:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3276:wrote in his
3275:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3220:spirit guides
3217:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:vision quests
3204:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:Folk religion
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:North America
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3047:Latin America
3045:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3009:
3008:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2880:
2875:
2874:MihĂĄly HoppĂĄl
2870:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2835:Mircea Eliade
2831:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2804:
2799:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2773:Mircea Eliade
2770:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2641:
2614:
2613:
2604:
2577:
2576:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2555:witch doctors
2552:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:Ronald Hutton
2533:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2414:
2402:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2359:
2355:
2354:Mircea Eliade
2351:
2348:
2347:Juha Janhunen
2345:
2344:ethnolinguist
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2284:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:Faith healing
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:Bush medicine
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Balneotherapy
1875:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:Controversies
1718:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1689:Vegetotherapy
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:Ozone therapy
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Lymphotherapy
1517:
1515:
1512:
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1507:
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1497:
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1457:Hair analysis
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1443:
1442:FasciaBlaster
1440:
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1405:Correactology
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1348:Colorpuncture
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1326:Chromotherapy
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1214:Alkaline diet
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1195:
1194:
1187:
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1164:Pseudoscience
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871:Protestantism
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579:
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566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
555:Victor Turner
553:
551:
548:
546:
545:Melford Spiro
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
530:Roy Rappaport
528:
526:
525:Steven Ozment
523:
521:
520:Robert Marett
518:
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511:
508:
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475:Mircea Eliade
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369:Handsome Lake
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68:
67:Olkhon Island
64:
57:
53:
52:
49:
46:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
12270:Urban legend
12172:Magic school
12145:Astral plane
12140:Hollow Earth
11962:
11833:Magic system
11786:Dragonslayer
11681:Skin-walkers
11529:The Inklings
11522:Harry Potter
11521:
11376:
11358:
11351:
11344:
11337:
11330:
11323:
11316:
11254:
11075:Magical girl
11050:High fantasy
11045:Hard fantasy
11011:Dark fantasy
10989:Contemporary
10840:Witch (word)
10789:Witch's mark
10598:Early Modern
10534:
10526:
10518:
10510:
10502:
10496:Daemonologie
10494:
10486:
10478:
10470:
10462:
10454:
10448:Laienspiegel
10446:
10438:
10430:
10422:
10414:
10406:
10398:
10330:Muma PÄdurii
10261:Folklore and
10232:Sator Square
10185:Magic circle
10180:Magic carpet
10140:Crystal ball
10077:Spiritualism
10039:
9901:Witch doctor
9784:Cunning folk
9632:
9451:Martin Lings
9404:Emil Brunner
9394:Paul Tillich
9384:Martin Buber
9299:W K Clifford
9276:Afrikan Spir
9191:Thomas Chubb
9143:Early modern
9123:Adi Shankara
9036:Philosophers
9020:Natural evil
8936:
8916:
8912:Spiritualism
8887:Perennialism
8840:Metaphysical
8684:Antireligion
8559:Teleological
8482:Cosmological
8433:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
8398:Christianity
8357:Personal god
8101:
8095:
8062:
8056:
8032:
8017:
8003:
7996:
7989:Michel Weber
7975:
7961:
7944:
7929:
7914:
7897:
7883:
7859:
7841:
7834:
7820:
7787:(1): 39â61.
7784:
7780:
7753:
7733:
7725:
7692:
7688:
7676:
7667:
7651:. Retrieved
7644:the original
7639:
7618:ethnopoetics
7603:
7592:
7576:
7567:
7548:
7527:
7504:
7494:
7476:
7457:
7437:
7406:
7386:
7366:
7346:
7326:
7313:
7294:
7271:
7250:
7240:
7231:
7207:
7182:
7172:
7152:
7140:. Retrieved
7131:
7123:
7108:
7099:
7090:
7081:
7072:
7063:
7054:
7045:
7036:
7027:
7018:
7009:
6997:
6985:
6976:
6967:
6946:
6929:
6926:Ethnohistory
6925:
6919:
6910:
6901:
6892:
6883:
6858:
6854:
6844:
6816:
6797:HoppĂĄl 2007b
6792:
6783:
6771:
6764:HoppĂĄl 2007c
6747:HoppĂĄl 2007b
6742:
6720:HoppĂĄl 2007c
6715:
6706:
6697:
6688:
6679:
6653:
6633:
6616:
6607:
6598:
6586:. Retrieved
6582:the original
6577:
6552:. Retrieved
6548:the original
6543:
6533:
6517:
6474:
6470:
6460:
6427:
6423:
6417:
6384:
6380:
6374:
6362:. Retrieved
6358:
6348:
6315:
6311:
6301:
6292:
6282:
6265:
6261:
6255:
6230:
6226:
6220:
6193:
6187:
6154:
6150:
6140:
6131:
6112:
6106:
6085:
6076:
6067:
6058:
6049:
5987:. Retrieved
5978:
5969:
5960:
5951:
5942:
5933:
5924:
5915:
5882:
5869:
5865:
5855:
5846:
5837:
5806:
5797:
5781:
5772:
5760:. Retrieved
5751:
5727:. Retrieved
5720:the original
5707:
5687:
5680:
5664:. BookBaby.
5660:
5653:
5644:
5637:HoppĂĄl 2007c
5632:
5613:
5594:
5585:
5576:
5553:: 27, 30, 36
5546:
5541:: 11â14, 107
5534:
5522:
5487:
5481:
5437:
5431:
5404:
5398:
5386:. Retrieved
5383:The Diplomat
5382:
5372:
5360:. Retrieved
5355:
5346:
5329:
5326:Ethnohistory
5325:
5319:
5293:
5287:
5277:September 7,
5275:. Retrieved
5271:
5262:
5252:September 7,
5250:. Retrieved
5246:
5237:
5231:(1): 90â106.
5228:
5224:
5218:
5199:
5193:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5139:
5135:
5125:
5116:
5107:
5098:
5071:. Retrieved
5067:
5057:
5049:
5027:. Retrieved
5022:
5013:
4994:
4988:
4980:
4975:
4967:the original
4946:the original
4936:
4924:
4904:
4886:
4880:
4858:
4850:
4848:
4843:
4836:
4827:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4795:Adam Brand,
4791:
4779:
4766:
4755:
4746:
4737:
4728:
4678:
4671:
4663:
4658:
4641:
4635:
4623:
4611:
4606:
4587:
4565:
4559:
4550:
4543:. Retrieved
4539:
4529:
4496:
4492:
4425:Soul catcher
4417:
4358:White magick
4302:
4288:
4284:
4268:Variants of
4263:
4251:
4243:
4239:
4220:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4190:hermeneutics
4187:
4183:
4173:
4158:
4132:
4117:
4102:
4087:
4074:Pascal Boyer
4070:superstition
4062:
3902:
3766:
3753:
3736:
3728:
3708:
3685:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3649:Nanai people
3646:
3642:
3627:
3603:
3595:
3589:
3586:Itneg people
3540:
3521:
3509:
3468:
3453:
3450:
3435:
3431:onomatopoeia
3424:
3390:
3309:Soul dualism
3294:
3286:
3284:
3277:
3271:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3213:supernatural
3180:
3118:
3082:Cunning folk
2928:
2909:
2900:
2886:ethnographic
2871:
2867:
2851:hallucinogen
2832:
2828:noble savage
2815:
2809:
2798:Medicine man
2771:
2747:
2578:, a shaman (
2573:
2571:
2565:
2534:
2530:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2482:
2473:
2463:
2457:
2452:
2440:
2439:in his book
2418:
2352:
2299:
2293:
2258:neoshamanism
2256:
2234:
2226:
2199:spirit world
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2059:Thai massage
2038:
2029:Naftalan oil
1902:Blood stasis
1781:Turbo cancer
1669:ThetaHealing
1594:Osteomyology
1494:Hypnotherapy
1489:Hydrotherapy
1395:Ear candling
1390:Dry needling
1341:Coffee enema
1304:Chiropractic
1269:Bone-setting
1249:Bates method
1234:Aromatherapy
988:Conservative
856:Nestorianism
789:Christianity
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
535:Saba Mahmood
510:Robin Horton
495:James Frazer
465:Mary Douglas
397:
388:
285:Neo-Paganism
261:Case studies
228:Superstition
223:Soul dualism
217:
133:Great Spirit
36:
12197:Epic poetry
12058:Leprechauns
11973:Thaumaturgy
11948:Incantation
11901:Magic sword
11459:MĂ©liĂšs d'Or
11360:Weird Tales
11113:Dying Earth
11092:Mythopoeiaâ
11070:Low fantasy
11035:Fantastique
10547:Persecution
10416:Formicarius
10360:Spearfinger
10300:Elbow witch
10200:Magic sword
10165:Julleuchter
10150:Goofer dust
10092:White magic
10005:Incantation
9931:Black magic
9886:Renaissance
9854:Chaos magic
9826:Middle East
9757:Philippines
9471:Antony Flew
9456:Peter Geach
9389:René Guénon
9336:Lev Shestov
9331:Rudolf Otto
9038:of religion
8877:Panentheism
8810:Inclusivism
8729:Exclusivism
8724:Esotericism
8694:Creationism
8674:Agnosticism
8642:Poor design
8637:Omnipotence
8564:Natural law
8539:Ontological
8492:Contingency
8342:Holy Spirit
8147:Chuonnasuan
7997:Deus Unicus
6990:Eliade 2001
6861:(1): 6â41.
6626:Yahoo! News
6028:: 8â9 (see
5551:HoppĂĄl 2005
5527:Merkur 1985
5388:October 19,
5362:October 19,
4929:Hutton 2001
4855:Russianized
4784:Hutton 2001
4772:Hutton 2001
4679:The Manchus
4628:Hutton 2001
4536:"Shamanism"
4430:Soul flight
4419:Shaman King
4378:Mu (shaman)
4353:Folk healer
4140:grave goods
4105:Paleolithic
4003:Incantation
3928:White magic
3918:Thaumaturgy
3858:Chaos magic
3848:Black magic
3715:soul travel
3460:Chuonnasuan
3269:is common.
3052:Middle East
2877: [
2812:Alice Kehoe
2511:Definitions
2390:Tocharian A
2273:Terminology
2019:Mien Shiang
1937:Moxibustion
1649:Reflexology
1574:Oil pulling
1569:Naturopathy
1509:Jilly Juice
1289:Camel urine
1259:Black salve
1209:Acupuncture
1204:Acupressure
1169:Antiscience
1141:Terminology
915:Vaishnavism
846:Lutheranism
801:Anglicanism
485:René Girard
364:Ghost Dance
243:Transtheism
213:Sacred site
173:Nympholepsy
12313:Categories
12258:Tokusatsuâ
12207:Fairy tale
12150:Dreamworld
12048:Hobgoblins
11983:Witchcraft
11953:Necromancy
11933:Divination
11928:Demonology
11891:Magic ring
11881:Magic item
11864:Ceremonial
11753:Characters
11674:Werewolves
11612:Elementals
11516:Filk music
11464:Mythopoeic
11299:Publishers
11225:Literature
11185:television
11157:Weird West
11097:Omegaverse
10967:Lost world
10938:Literature
10860:Maleficium
10784:Witch-hunt
10588:Witch camp
10247:Witch ball
10190:Magic ring
10175:Love charm
10030:Necromancy
10025:Moon magic
10020:Mediumship
10015:Love magic
10000:Gray magic
9980:Divination
9779:Benandanti
9709:witchcraft
9441:J L Mackie
9399:Karl Barth
9196:David Hume
9118:Maimonides
9103:Heraclitus
8892:Polytheism
8862:Nondualism
8850:Humanistic
8835:Naturalism
8825:Monotheism
8783:Henotheism
8778:Gnosticism
8709:Demonology
8592:747 gambit
8509:Experience
8347:Misotheism
8126:Q116984704
8087:Q116984667
8049:Q116984658
7251:Samanizmus
6212:1026223037
5809:. London:
5746:Nattiez: 5
5423:1007305354
4849:The terms
4462:References
3933:Witchcraft
3893:Necromancy
3883:Invocation
3878:Gray magic
3863:Divination
3806:Background
3688:ecological
3676:jardalanin
3672:jardalanin
3638:psychopomp
3415:See also:
3405:entheogens
3393:axis mundi
3385:See also:
3307:See also:
3252:curanderos
3231:divination
3134:Witch hunt
2955:Witchcraft
2920:otherworld
2912:Indigenous
2841:, trance,
2785:dimensions
2699:North Asia
2687:divination
2445:Adam Brand
2435:-speaking
2237:Indigenous
2222:divination
2205:, such as
2117:Heavy legs
2074:Vietnamese
2054:Sri Lankan
1614:Phrenology
1599:Osteopathy
1589:Orthopathy
1477:Homeopathy
1383:Foot detox
1279:Breathwork
1224:Apitherapy
1179:Scientific
1174:Skepticism
1037:ĆvetÄmbara
673:Böö mörgöl
455:Talal Asad
359:Cargo cult
188:Polytheism
183:Pilgrimage
168:Monotheism
153:Liminality
143:Initiation
138:Henotheism
113:Divination
103:Communitas
65:shaman on
12319:Shamanism
12253:Superhero
12238:Mythology
12135:Lost city
12043:Halflings
11963:Shamanism
11958:Runecraft
11943:Evocation
11801:Magicians
11776:Dark lord
11761:Barbarian
11721:Skeletons
11644:Gargoyles
11622:Familiars
11582:Creatures
11318:Fantastic
11309:Magazines
11152:New weird
10957:Subgenres
10761:Classical
10280:Baba Yaga
10263:mythology
10072:Spiritism
10062:Sex magic
10040:Shamanism
10035:Occultism
9990:Evocation
9985:Entheogen
9963:Damnation
9914:Practices
9541:Loyal Rue
9266:Karl Marx
9088:Gaudapada
8917:Shamanism
8882:Pantheism
8867:Nontheism
8845:Religious
8830:Mysticism
8803:Christian
8793:Religious
8744:Atheistic
8739:Christian
8622:Nonbelief
8607:Free will
8423:Mormonism
8247:Afterlife
8118:0002-7294
8071:0011-1953
7991:, «
7801:144745844
7717:206264885
7616:, on the
6875:0745-5194
6630:archived.
6588:March 28,
6554:March 11,
6509:147706978
6452:147706046
6409:147706563
6340:147706275
6247:162355879
6179:144331213
6171:0886-1099
5514:146752685
5185:145329835
4867:Siberians
4774:. p. vii.
4747:Shamanism
4650:940167815
4521:206264885
4467:Citations
4445:Tlamatini
4194:animistic
4165:knowledge
4128:Laurasian
4109:Neolithic
4093:causality
3973:Mysticism
3903:Shamanism
3898:Sex magic
3868:Evocation
3725:Economics
3719:Sea Woman
3663:shamans.
3630:sacrifice
3622:mediators
3475:archetype
3119:Shamanism
3013:By region
2924:afterlife
2847:entheogen
2762:Samoyedic
2745:in 1552.
2739:conquered
2721:, Ilcha,
2433:Samoyedic
2300:shamanism
2278:Etymology
2183:Shamanism
2039:Shamanism
2024:Mongolian
1999:Kayakalpa
1974:Curandero
1892:Cambodian
1882:Brazilian
1679:Urophagia
1639:Radionics
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1504:Iridology
1032:Digambara
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954:Quranists
934:Ahmadiyya
920:Ayyavazhi
851:Methodism
816:Calvinism
796:Adventism
777:Vajrayana
762:Theravada
752:Pure Land
634:Religions
307:Bobohizan
218:Shamanism
128:Fetishism
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12298:Category
12192:Allegory
12068:Mermaids
12038:Gremlins
12003:Centaurs
11938:Egregore
11919:Schools
11886:Grimoire
11846:Elements
11818:Wild man
11738:Unicorns
11726:Vampires
11669:Werecats
11511:Fanspeak
11419:Crawford
11389:Podcasts
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11085:Mythpunk
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10613:Maryland
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8872:Pandeism
8788:Humanism
8756:Thealogy
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8669:Acosmism
8661:Theology
8529:Morality
8524:Miracles
8403:Hinduism
8393:Buddhism
8352:Pandeism
8327:Demiurge
8295:Theodicy
8122:Wikidata
8083:Wikidata
8079:24461237
8045:Wikidata
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7142:June 23,
7117:Archived
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6492:10401513
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4859:shamanka
4853:and the
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4630:. p. 32.
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4326:See also
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4176:semiotic
4124:Gondwana
3946:Religion
3780:a series
3778:Part of
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3566:exorcism
3397:ecstatic
3381:Practice
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3340:Scarcity
3288:brujerĂa
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2991:Feminist
2975:Neopagan
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2507:nouns).
2505:feminine
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2380:Gandhari
2376:Buddhism
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2243:and the
2201:through
2187:samanism
2009:Japanese
1952:San Jiao
1932:Meridian
1860:Ayurveda
1699:Vitalism
1264:Bodywork
1153:Quackery
1100:a series
1013:Orthodox
1003:Haymanot
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910:Smartism
905:Shaktism
900:Shaivism
888:Hinduism
811:Baptists
747:Nichiren
742:Mahayana
735:Buddhism
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598:Folklore
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342:Slametan
302:Babaylan
297:Angakkuq
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12334:Shamans
12288:Outline
12185:Related
12063:Merfolk
12053:Kobolds
12033:Goblins
12018:Treants
12008:Dwarves
11978:Theurgy
11923:Alchemy
11855:neutral
11823:Witches
11766:Caveman
11731:Zombies
11716:Mummies
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11617:Faeries
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11233:Authors
11208:S&S
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8428:Sikhism
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