2596:
Program of Action (PoA) was developed by the end of the ICPD and was approved and adopted by 179 countries. The PoA affirmed sexual and reproductive health as a universal human right and outlined global goals and objectives for improving reproductive heath based around central themes of free choice, women's empowerment, and viewing sexual and reproductive health in terms of physical and emotional well-being. The PoA outlined a series of goals, based on a central mission of achieving universal access to reproductive health worldwide, that were aimed to be accomplished by 2015. In 2000, the
465:
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42:
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defines sexual health as: "Sexual health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. It requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion,
2595:
in Cairo, Egypt marked a significant shift in perspective in regards to reproductive health and is considered to be the birth of the modern SRHR movement. Over the course of the conference, debates surrounding family planning shifted from that of economics to that of public health and human rights. A
2651:
A significant shift occurred in the
Association's history when in 1997, the World Congress of Sexology issued the Valencia Declaration of Sexual Rights. This was a visionary move on the part of MarĂa PĂ©rez Conchillo and Juan JosĂ© Borrás Valls (congress presidents) that shifted WAS to more of an
2562:
Distinctions between these four fields are not always made. Sexual health and reproductive health are sometimes treated as synonymous to each other, as are sexual rights and reproductive rights. In some cases, sexual rights are included in the term sexual health, or vice versa. Not only do different
2813:
could provide couples with the best chance of having a healthy infant. On the other hand, individuals do face inequalities in reproductive health services. Inequalities vary based on socioeconomic status, education level, age, ethnicity, religion, and resources available in their environment. It is
2647:
established that human rights include the right of women freely and without coercion, violence or discrimination, to have control over and make decisions concerning their own sexuality, including their own sexual and reproductive health. This paragraph has been interpreted by some countries as the
2850:
Reproductive rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive
2875:
Despite frequent changes to frameworks, overall goals for SRHR remain little changed. As first stipulated at the ICPD, universal reproductive health care remains the ultimate objective, and with each new framework, targets are developed to progress towards this. In the original ICPD Program of
2888:
developed a series of fundamental rights for adolescents including the right to comprehensive sex education, the right to decide all matters related to their sexuality, and access to sexual and reproductive health services without discrimination (including safe abortions wherever legal).
2883:
Special goals and targets were also created to address adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs. Adolescents are often the most vulnerable to risks associated with sexual activity, including HIV, due to personal and social issues such as feelings of isolation, child marriage, and
2866:
The area of sexual and reproductive rights is influenced by contextual cultural and social norms, socioeconomic factors and existing laws and regulations. The social-structural climate may affect both the access to and quality of sexual and reproductive health care and interventions.
2652:
advocacy organization championing sexual rights as fundamental to the promotion of sexual health and the field of sexology. A press conference was held during the
Congress to publicize the adoption of the Valencia Declaration and received world-wide attention.
2876:
Action, the primary call was for universal access to healthcare, including reproductive healthcare, family planning and sexual health. Over time, these have expanded to include the right to access education regarding sexual and reproductive health, an end to
2662:
Subsequently, WAS made some revisions to the
Valencia Declaration and proposed a WAS Declaration of Sexual Rights which was approved by the General Assembly at the 14th World Congress of Sexology (Hong Kong, 1999). The WAS adopted the
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Government-run family planning programs first began in the 1950s. However, the main objectives of these programs were often centered around population control for economic growth and development. In 1994, the
2648:
applicable definition of women's sexual rights. The UN Commission on Human Rights has established that if women had more power, their ability to protect themselves against violence would be strengthened.
2600:
were developed, and although reproductive health was not explicitly stated as one of the goals, it became an important component to Goals 3, 4, and 5. In 2010, the original PoA was revisited by the
2604:
and updated to reflect their objective of achieving universal reproductive health care by 2015. When the MDGs and ICPD PoA phased out in 2015, the next objectives for SRHR were folded into the
2575:
660:
2629:
Unlike the other three aspects of SRHR, the struggle for sexual rights include, and focus on, sexual pleasure and emotional sexual expression. One platform for this struggle is the WAS
2814:
possible for example, that low income individuals lack the resources for appropriate health services and the knowledge to know what is appropriate for maintaining reproductive health.
2773:, addresses the reproductive processes, functions and system at all stages of life. Reproductive health, therefore, implies that people are able to have a responsible, satisfying and
572:
3483:
2884:
stigmatization. Governments realized the importance of investing in the health of adolescents as a means of establishing future well-being for their societies. As a result, the
3455:"Human Rights Resolution E/CN.4/RES/2005/84: The protection of human rights in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)"
2543:. It is a combination of four fields that in some contexts are more or less distinct from each other, but less so or not at all in other contexts. These four fields are
2728:(which were launched as a set of international principles relating to sexual orientation and gender identity on 26 March 2007), especially on the idea of each person's
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The right to the highest attainable standard of health, including sexual health; with the possibility of pleasurable, satisfying, and safe sexual experiences
577:
234:
2667:, which originally included 11 sexual rights. It was heavily revised and expanded in March 2014 by the WAS Advisory Council to include 16 sexual rights:
2655:
This declaration has had world-wide impact in the recognition of the importance of sexual rights as human rights. Besides the tremendous impact on
3841:
3017:
694:
3775:"Twenty years after International Conference on Population and Development: where are we with adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights?"
2012:
1843:
17:
1391:
2567:(NGOs) and governments organisations use different terminologies, but different terminologies are often used within the same organization.
3589:"Determinants of and disparities in reproductive health service use among adolescent and young adult women in the United States, 2002-2008"
3162:
Glasier A, GĂĽlmezoglu AM, Schmid GP, Moreno CG, Van Look PF (November 2006). "Sexual and reproductive health: a matter of life and death".
3043:
2571:
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In 2015, the U.S. government said it would begin using the term "sexual rights" in discussions of human rights and global development.
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677:
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The right to decide whether to have children, the number and spacing of children, and to have the information and the means to do so
3860:
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
2885:
2582:- formerly known as World Association for Sexology), the Center for Health and Gender Equity, and International HIV/AIDS Alliance.
1336:
689:
249:
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3894:
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1821:
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The right to enter, form, and dissolve marriage and similar types of relationships based on equality and full and free consent
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190:
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1654:
667:
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812:
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3310:
Sachs JD, McArthur JW (January 2005). "The
Millennium Project: a plan for meeting the Millennium Development Goals".
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2379:
2347:
1329:
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99:
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1109:
3213:
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as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,
2644:
2640:(WAS) was founded in 1978 by a multidisciplinary, world-wide group of NGOs to promote the field of sexology.
1784:
1346:
612:
431:
3079:
Visaria L, Jejeebhoy S, Merrick T (1999). "From Family
Planning to Reproductive Health: Challenges Facing India".
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66:
56:
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3723:"Adolescent sexual and reproductive health in developing countries: an overview of trends and interventions"
3350:"Accelerating health equity: the key role of universal health coverage in the Sustainable Development Goals"
905:
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1408:
1401:
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71:
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3522:"The Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity"
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if, when and how often to do so. One interpretation of this implies that men and women ought to be
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1255:
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Cook RJ, Fathalla MF (September 1996). "Advancing
Reproductive Rights Beyond Cairo and Beijing".
2570:
Some of the notable global NGOs that fight for sexual and reproductive health and rights include
2256:
2216:
1907:
1900:
1858:
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829:
2559:. In the concept of SRHR, these four fields are treated as separate but inherently intertwined.
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3047:
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1971:
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1634:
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Parker, Willie J. (2020). "The moral imperative of reproductive rights, health, and justice".
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4024:
4014:
3979:
3773:
Chandra-Mouli V, Svanemyr J, Amin A, Fogstad H, Say L, Girard F, Temmerman M (January 2015).
2851:
health. They also include the right of all to make decisions concerning reproduction free of
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2022:
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990:
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125:
2608:, the next iteration of the MDGs which outline objectives to combat poverty through 2030.
8:
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3914:
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3420:. United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women. September 1995.
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2823:
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2659:, our declaration provoked IPPF to issue its own declaration of Sexual Rights in 2008.
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2017:
1981:
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4128:
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4009:
3796:
3786:
3734:
3645:
3608:
3600:
3470:"Human Rights Resolution E/CN.4/RES/2005/41: Elimination of violence against women"
3371:
3361:
3319:
3282:
3272:
3171:
3123:
3088:
2966:
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2196:
2124:
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1944:
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1030:
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929:
841:
795:
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310:
305:
207:
3698:"Sexual health and its linkages to reproductive health: an operational approach"
2880:, and increased women's empowerment in social, political, and cultural spheres.
4148:
4073:
4029:
3399:
3065:
2852:
2785:
of and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of
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1709:
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1289:
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1528:
1523:
1433:
1175:
1138:
763:
758:
330:
120:
3439:
3432:"Sweden's international policy on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights"
2801:
and implementation of health education programs to stress the importance of
464:
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4083:
3974:
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3819:
3810:
3801:
3756:
3622:
3385:
3331:
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3183:
3143:
2978:
2532:
1789:
1719:
1583:
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1473:
1423:
1180:
1099:
1077:
978:
853:
726:
279:
274:
239:
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165:
150:
80:
3277:
2696:
The right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its application
3954:
3489:. Worldsexology.org. 2014-03-01. Archived from the original on 2018-03-29
2832:
2702:
The right to education and the right to comprehensive sexuality education
1192:
983:
3748:
3959:
3657:
3135:
3100:
2810:
1749:
1734:
1428:
3939:
2806:
2774:
2729:
2536:
1729:
1724:
802:
3739:
3722:
3649:
3127:
3092:
4201:
4039:
2860:
2856:
1503:
1371:
934:
456:
2959:
Best
Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
41:
4004:
3949:
3934:
3919:
1165:
3772:
3114:
Ledbetter R (1984). "Thirty years of family planning in India".
2758:
33:
3467:
3452:
3544:"US government says it will now use the term 'sexual rights'"
3161:
2593:
International
Conference on Population and Development (ICPD)
3727:
International
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
2711:
The right to the freedom of thought, opinion, and expression
2687:
The right to be free from all forms of violence and coercion
3347:
3018:"IPPF Charter on Sexual and Reproductive Rights Guidelines"
3343:
3341:
2714:
The right to freedom of association and peaceful assembly
3214:"International Conference on Population and Development"
3418:"Beijing Platform for Action, paragraphs 92, 93 and 96"
3338:
3078:
2777:
and that they have the capability to reproduce and the
2717:
The right to participation in public and political life
3246:
International
Conference on Population and Development
3768:
3766:
2720:
The right to access to justice, remedies, and redress
2674:
The right to life, liberty and security of the person
3348:
Tangcharoensathien V, Mills A, Palu T (April 2015).
4212:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
3763:
3586:
3258:
3259:Abrejo FG, Shaikh BT, Saleem S (September 2008).
3046:. International HIV/AIDS Alliance. Archived from
4244:
3468:The Commission on Human Rights (20 April 2005).
3453:The Commission on Human Rights (21 April 2005).
3261:"ICPD to MDGs: Missing links and common grounds"
3587:Hall KS, Moreau C, Trussell J (February 2012).
2578:(International Lesbian and Gay Alliance), WAS (
2574:(International Planned Parenthood Federation),
3672:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3835:
3309:
3107:
2680:The right to be free from torture and cruel,
2505:
425:
3849:
3720:
3635:
2671:The right to equality and non-discrimination
3880:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
3714:
3682:. World Health Organization. Archived from
3252:
3198:
3150:
3072:
3842:
3828:
3638:International Family Planning Perspectives
3081:International Family Planning Perspectives
2677:The right to autonomy and bodily integrity
2512:
2498:
1392:African-American women's suffrage movement
432:
418:
3800:
3790:
3738:
3629:
3612:
3375:
3365:
3286:
3276:
3113:
2525:Sexual and reproductive health and rights
3020:. IPPF. 22 November 2011. Archived from
2886:Commission on Population and Development
2847:defines reproductive rights as follows:
1337:Discrimination against transgender women
4094:Right to an adequate standard of living
3233:
3231:
3211:
2870:
14:
4245:
3895:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
2956:
2817:
2742:
3823:
3541:
3228:
2919:LGBT rights by country or territory
2638:World Association for Sexual Health
2598:Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
2580:World Association for Sexual Health
24:
3721:Hindin MJ, Fatusi AO (June 2009).
25:
4274:
4015:Right to refuse medical treatment
3593:American Journal of Public Health
2643:The Platform for Action from the
3792:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.015
3779:The Journal of Adolescent Health
3680:"Sexual and reproductive health"
2929:Global Information Society Watch
2645:1995 Beijing Conference on Women
2624:
2611:
2481:
2013:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1347:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
463:
40:
3690:
3580:
3560:
3535:
3514:
3484:"Declaration of sexual rights'"
3476:
3461:
3446:
3424:
3410:
3392:
3303:
2682:inhuman, or degrading treatment
67:Natural rights and legal rights
57:Claim rights and liberty rights
4227:Sexual and reproductive health
4124:Right to a healthy environment
3054:
3036:
3010:
2985:
2950:
2621:discrimination and violence."
2565:non-governmental organisations
2445:Women's suffrage organizations
18:Sexual and reproductive rights
13:
1:
4144:Right to public participation
3324:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)70201-4
3176:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69478-6
2971:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.07.006
2944:
2909:Disability and women's health
2789:; also access to appropriate
2606:Sustainable Development Goals
95:Economic, social and cultural
4164:Right to science and culture
3218:Environmental Policy and Law
2939:Sex Workers' Rights Movement
2753:Within the framework of the
2724:This Declaration influenced
2665:Declaration of Sexual Rights
2631:Declaration of Sexual Rights
2430:Suffragists and suffragettes
2360:American feminist literature
391:Self-determination of people
72:Negative and positive rights
7:
3990:Right to keep and bear arms
3900:Freedom from discrimination
2892:
1670:Views on transgender topics
1660:Views on sexual orientation
62:Individual and group rights
10:
4279:
3568:"WHO: Reproductive health"
3064:. EuroNGOs. Archived from
2821:
2746:
2732:, and right to sexual and
2585:
4187:
4154:Right to rest and leisure
4060:
3865:
3858:
3542:Anna, Cara (2015-09-18).
3506:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3404:World Health Organization
3367:10.1186/s12916-015-0342-3
2899:Abortion-rights movements
2878:female genital mutilation
2845:World Health Organization
2835:and freedoms relating to
2755:World Health Organization
2726:The Yogyakarta Principles
2618:World Health Organization
2461:Women's rights by country
1367:Female genital mutilation
4169:Right to social security
4134:Right to Internet access
4079:Equal pay for equal work
3965:Presumption of innocence
3605:10.2105/ajph.2011.300380
3529:Yogyakartaprinciples.org
3248:. Cairo. September 1994.
2904:Disability and sexuality
2699:The right to information
2466:Feminists by nationality
2440:Women's studies journals
2435:Women's rights activists
1153:Movements and ideologies
49:Theoretical distinctions
4045:right to be a candidate
3875:Equality before the law
2757:'s (WHO) definition of
1854:International relations
715:Intersectional variants
27:Concept in human rights
3905:Freedom of information
3890:Freedom of association
2380:Conservative feminisms
1635:Bicycling and feminism
1611:Women in the workforce
1579:Violence against women
1554:Sexual objectification
1514:Opposition to feminism
771:Vegetarian ecofeminism
288:Other groups of rights
4217:Intersex human rights
4025:Right of self-defense
3980:Right to a fair trial
3686:on December 21, 2002.
3472:. The United Nations.
3457:. The United Nations.
3278:10.1186/1742-4755-5-4
3239:"Programme of Action"
3062:"Members of EuroNGOs"
2799:reproductive medicine
2410:Feminist rhetoricians
2400:Feminist philosophers
1952:Revisionist mythology
1655:Views on prostitution
1640:Criticism of marriage
1330:Children's literature
108:Rights by beneficiary
4104:Right to development
3985:Right to family life
3935:Freedom from torture
3920:Freedom from slavery
2871:Goals and objectives
2791:health care services
2690:The right to privacy
2390:Feminist art critics
2365:Feminist comic books
2322:Lists and categories
2001:By continent/country
1832:Pathways perspective
1715:Gender mainstreaming
1650:Views on pornography
1559:Substantive equality
1539:Reproductive justice
1489:Matriarchal religion
1342:Diversity (politics)
1278:Political lesbianism
588:Other women's rights
406:Water and sanitation
4258:Reproductive rights
3915:Freedom of religion
3910:Freedom of movement
3885:Freedom of assembly
3867:Civil and political
3531:. 10 November 2017.
3265:Reproductive Health
3212:Fincher RA (1994).
3050:on 6 December 2013.
3024:on 23 December 2018
2934:Sex workers' rights
2841:reproductive health
2829:Reproductive rights
2824:Reproductive rights
2818:Reproductive rights
2763:reproductive health
2749:Reproductive health
2743:Reproductive health
2734:reproductive health
2557:reproductive rights
2553:reproductive health
2488:Feminism portal
2395:Feminist economists
2385:Ecofeminist authors
2190:Trinidad and Tobago
2130:Republic of Ireland
1822:Composition studies
1589:Women's empowerment
1544:Sex workers' rights
1469:Feminist capitalism
1449:Internalized sexism
1382:Feminism in culture
490:History of feminism
90:Civil and political
4232:Right to sexuality
4109:Right to education
4035:Security of person
3930:Freedom of thought
3170:(9547): 1595–607.
2924:Right to sexuality
2803:women to go safely
2531:is the concept of
1800:Literary criticism
1665:Views on sexuality
1352:Effects on society
1320:Complementarianism
1295:Women's liberation
1050:Religious variants
1024:trans-exclusionary
742:Radical lesbianism
4240:
4239:
4139:Right to property
4099:Right to clothing
4084:Fair remuneration
4052:Right to homeland
4000:Right to petition
3925:Freedom of speech
3785:(1 Suppl): S1-6.
3436:www.regeringen.se
2914:Freedom of choice
2779:freedom to decide
2522:
2521:
2473:
2472:
1992:
1991:
1982:womanist theology
1925:Political ecology
1756:Écriture féminine
1683:
1682:
1574:Triple oppression
1564:Toxic masculinity
1549:Sexual harassment
1409:Feminist stripper
1387:Feminist movement
943:
942:
874:Africana womanism
705:
704:
442:
441:
100:Three generations
16:(Redirected from
4270:
4129:Right to housing
4063:Economic, social
4010:Right to protest
4005:Right to privacy
3844:
3837:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3814:
3804:
3794:
3770:
3761:
3760:
3742:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3702:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3616:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3526:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3505:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3488:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3438:. Archived from
3428:
3422:
3421:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3379:
3369:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3318:(9456): 347–53.
3307:
3301:
3300:
3290:
3280:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3243:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3209:
3196:
3195:
3159:
3148:
3147:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3068:on 16 June 2011.
3058:
3052:
3051:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2995:. Archived from
2989:
2983:
2982:
2954:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2425:Feminist parties
2420:Muslim feminists
2415:Jewish feminists
2326:
2325:
2307:History of women
1930:Political theory
1698:
1697:
1628:
1627:
1601:
1594:Women-only space
1479:Likeability trap
1444:Invisible labour
1362:Female education
1171:Anti-pornography
1026:
1025:
1021:
737:Lesbian of color
720:
719:
597:Women's suffrage
573:Muslim countries
568:Women's suffrage
485:Feminist history
478:
477:
467:
444:
443:
434:
427:
420:
381:Rest and leisure
44:
30:
29:
21:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4263:Right to health
4253:Sex and the law
4243:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4207:Family planning
4192:
4183:
4159:Right of return
4119:Right to health
4067:
4064:
4056:
4020:Right to resist
3970:Right of asylum
3861:
3854:
3848:
3818:
3802:1854/LU-7021625
3771:
3764:
3740:10.1363/3505809
3719:
3715:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3650:10.2307/2950752
3634:
3630:
3585:
3581:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3552:
3550:
3540:
3536:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3499:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3466:
3462:
3451:
3447:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3400:"Sexual health"
3398:
3397:
3393:
3346:
3339:
3308:
3304:
3257:
3253:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3210:
3199:
3160:
3151:
3128:10.2307/2644186
3112:
3108:
3093:10.2307/2991871
3077:
3073:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3002:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2895:
2873:
2826:
2820:
2751:
2745:
2627:
2614:
2588:
2518:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2376:
2323:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2222:Northern Cyprus
2002:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1810:Science fiction
1761:
1740:Women's studies
1705:Feminist method
1695:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1625:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1599:
1509:Oedipus complex
1499:Men in feminism
1464:Language reform
1439:Ideal womanhood
1419:Gender equality
1414:Formal equality
1377:Feminationalism
1315:Cognitive labor
1309:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1256:Post-structural
1155:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1052:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1023:
1020:Gender-critical
1019:
1018:
969:Femonationalism
953:
945:
944:
939:
918:Native American
858:
813:Critical theory
775:
717:
707:
706:
701:
656:Second Republic
584:
554:
521:
495:Women's history
475:
438:
311:Civil liberties
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4276:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4198:
4196:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4174:Right to water
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4149:Right of reply
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4074:Digital rights
4070:
4068:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4037:
4032:
4030:Right to truth
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3824:
3817:
3816:
3762:
3713:
3689:
3671:
3628:
3579:
3559:
3534:
3513:
3475:
3460:
3445:
3442:on 2014-05-09.
3423:
3409:
3391:
3337:
3302:
3251:
3227:
3197:
3149:
3106:
3071:
3053:
3044:"SRHR and HIV"
3035:
3009:
2984:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2894:
2891:
2872:
2869:
2853:discrimination
2822:Main article:
2819:
2816:
2775:safer sex life
2747:Main article:
2744:
2741:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2626:
2623:
2613:
2610:
2602:United Nations
2587:
2584:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:Feminist poets
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2375:
2374:
2372:Feminist songs
2369:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2348:by nationality
2340:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2297:United Kingdom
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1908:Existentialism
1905:
1904:
1903:
1901:Justice ethics
1893:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1859:Constructivism
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:Areas of study
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1710:Gender studies
1707:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1675:SCUM Manifesto
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1606:Women's rights
1603:
1600:Women's health
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1484:Male privilege
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1453:International
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1290:Technofeminism
1287:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1229:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
993:
988:
987:
986:
976:
971:
966:
961:
955:
954:
952:Other variants
951:
950:
947:
946:
941:
940:
938:
937:
932:
927:
922:
921:
920:
910:
909:
908:
898:
897:
896:
891:
886:
876:
870:
867:
866:
860:
859:
857:
856:
851:
850:
849:
844:
834:
833:
832:
822:
821:
820:
815:
805:
800:
799:
798:
787:
784:
783:
777:
776:
774:
773:
768:
767:
766:
756:
751:
750:
749:
744:
739:
729:
723:
718:
713:
712:
709:
708:
703:
702:
700:
699:
698:
697:
687:
686:
685:
680:
678:Cayman Islands
673:United Kingdom
670:
665:
664:
663:
658:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
604:
601:
600:
593:
592:
591:
590:
583:
582:
581:
580:
575:
564:
561:
560:
556:
555:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
531:
528:
527:
523:
522:
520:
519:
518:
517:
512:
507:
502:
492:
487:
481:
476:
473:
472:
469:
468:
460:
459:
453:
452:
440:
439:
437:
436:
429:
422:
414:
411:
410:
409:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
336:Free migration
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
290:
289:
285:
284:
283:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
226:
225:
220:
210:
205:
200:
199:
198:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
110:
109:
105:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
84:
83:
77:
76:
75:
74:
69:
64:
59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4275:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4179:Right to work
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4114:Right to food
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4059:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3995:Right to life
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3831:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3767:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3699:
3693:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3632:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3599:(2): 359–67.
3598:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3569:
3563:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3530:
3523:
3517:
3509:
3503:
3485:
3479:
3471:
3464:
3456:
3449:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3419:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3342:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3247:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3122:(7): 736–58.
3121:
3117:
3110:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3023:
3019:
3013:
2999:on 2019-05-02
2998:
2994:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2949:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
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2825:
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2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
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2787:birth control
2784:
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2768:
2767:sexual health
2764:
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2719:
2716:
2713:
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2698:
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2692:
2689:
2686:
2684:or punishment
2683:
2679:
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2668:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2625:Sexual rights
2622:
2619:
2612:Sexual health
2609:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2549:sexual rights
2546:
2545:sexual health
2542:
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2534:
2530:
2526:
2515:
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2503:
2501:
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2302:United States
2300:
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2176:
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2168:
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2158:
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2150:Latin America
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2138:
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2133:
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2128:
2126:
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2026:
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2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1997:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1972:Technoscience
1970:
1968:
1965:
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1795:Art criticism
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1745:Men's studies
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1646:
1645:Views on BDSM
1643:
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1609:
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1569:Transmisogyny
1567:
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1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
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1529:Purplewashing
1527:
1525:
1524:Protofeminism
1522:
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1434:Honor killing
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1203:Individualist
1201:
1199:
1196:
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1187:
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1182:
1179:
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1177:
1176:Cyberfeminism
1174:
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959:Anti-abortion
957:
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864:Multicultural
862:
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847:Transnational
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797:
794:
793:
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789:
788:
786:
785:
782:
779:
778:
772:
769:
765:
764:Postgenderism
762:
761:
760:
759:Transfeminism
757:
755:
752:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
733:
730:
728:
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690:United States
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643:Liechtenstein
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107:
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68:
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55:
54:
53:
52:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
19:
4194:reproductive
4188:
4089:Labor rights
4065:and cultural
3975:Right to die
3852:human rights
3850:Substantive
3782:
3778:
3733:(2): 58–62.
3730:
3726:
3716:
3705:. Retrieved
3692:
3684:the original
3674:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3596:
3592:
3582:
3571:. Retrieved
3562:
3551:. Retrieved
3547:
3537:
3528:
3516:
3491:. Retrieved
3478:
3463:
3448:
3440:the original
3435:
3426:
3412:
3403:
3394:
3357:
3354:BMC Medicine
3353:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3268:
3264:
3254:
3245:
3221:
3217:
3167:
3163:
3119:
3116:Asian Survey
3115:
3109:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3066:the original
3056:
3048:the original
3038:
3026:. Retrieved
3022:the original
3012:
3001:. Retrieved
2997:the original
2987:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2882:
2874:
2865:
2849:
2837:reproduction
2833:legal rights
2828:
2827:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2738:
2723:
2661:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2615:
2589:
2569:
2561:
2541:reproduction
2533:human rights
2528:
2524:
2523:
2252:Saudi Arabia
2048:South Africa
1891:Epistemology
1866:Legal theory
1785:Architecture
1775:Anthropology
1754:
1720:Gynocentrism
1584:War on women
1519:Pro-feminism
1474:Gender-blind
1424:Gender quota
1397:Art movement
1166:Anti-fascist
1100:Dianic Wicca
979:Postfeminism
854:Xenofeminism
837:Postcolonial
754:Sex-positive
386:Self defense
376:Reproductive
81:Human rights
4222:LGBT rights
3955:Nationality
3945:LGBT rights
3703:. WHO. 2017
3087:: S44–S49.
2535:applied to
2257:South Korea
2237:Philippines
2217:New Zealand
2212:Netherlands
1935:Pornography
1913:Metaphysics
1827:Criminology
1805:Film theory
1780:Archaeology
1459:Women's Day
1251:Libertarian
1193:Ecofeminism
1110:Ecofeminist
991:Reactionary
984:Neofeminism
925:Multiracial
830:Ecofeminist
825:Materialist
668:Switzerland
648:New Zealand
361:Development
301:Association
196:Transgender
4247:Categories
3960:Personhood
3707:2019-02-25
3644:(3): 115.
3573:2008-08-19
3553:2021-07-25
3493:2017-11-28
3003:2019-05-02
2945:References
2811:childbirth
2453:Categories
2355:Literature
2065:Bangladesh
1940:Psychology
1886:Empiricism
1881:Aesthetics
1876:Philosophy
1750:Patriarchy
1735:Matriarchy
1455:Girl's Day
1429:Girl power
1402:In hip hop
1325:Literature
1283:Separatist
1261:Postmodern
1227:Difference
1161:Analytical
1105:Reclaiming
913:Indigenous
818:Standpoint
747:Separatist
599:by country
351:Linguistic
326:Fair trial
208:Minorities
176:Indigenous
3940:Legal aid
3666:147688303
2807:pregnancy
2730:integrity
2537:sexuality
2343:Feminists
2155:Argentina
2115:Indonesia
2105:Hong Kong
2060:Australia
1967:Sociology
1849:Geography
1839:Economics
1730:Male gaze
1725:Kyriarchy
1186:Networked
1068:Christian
803:Jineology
791:Anarchist
781:Socialist
661:Francoist
613:Australia
559:Timelines
396:Sexuality
321:Education
245:Prisoners
136:Creditors
131:Consumers
4202:Abortion
4040:Suffrage
3811:25528975
3757:19620089
3749:40233805
3623:22390451
3502:cite web
3386:25925656
3332:15664232
3297:18783600
3192:24712226
3184:17084760
3144:11616645
3028:14 April
2979:31540808
2965:: 3–10.
2893:See also
2861:violence
2857:coercion
2805:through
2783:informed
2338:Articles
2277:Thailand
2232:Pakistan
2202:Malaysia
2185:Paraguay
2175:Honduras
2023:Ethiopia
1977:Theology
1962:Sexology
1957:Sex wars
1871:Pedagogy
1624:Outlooks
1504:Misogyny
1372:Femicide
1357:Equality
1308:Concepts
1273:Cultural
1232:Equality
1213:Stiletto
1208:Lipstick
1132:Orthodox
1095:Neopagan
1083:Womanist
1063:Buddhist
1011:Embedded
1006:Imperial
1001:Carceral
974:Maternal
935:Womanism
623:Colombia
510:Canadian
500:American
457:Feminism
449:a series
447:Part of
366:Property
356:Movement
296:Assembly
260:Students
235:Peasants
230:Patients
181:Intersex
146:Disabled
126:Children
3950:Liberty
3658:2950752
3614:3483992
3377:4415234
3360:: 101.
3288:2546384
3136:2644186
3101:2991871
2771:hygiene
2586:History
2292:Ukraine
2287:Vietnam
2197:Lebanon
2095:Germany
2085:Finland
2080:Denmark
2055:Albania
2043:Senegal
2038:Nigeria
1945:Therapy
1918:science
1817:Biology
1268:Radical
1222:Liberal
1198:Eugenic
1122:Islamic
1058:Atheist
906:Lesbian
901:Chicana
894:Ratchet
889:Lesbian
884:Hip hop
808:Marxist
732:Lesbian
608:Austria
505:British
474:History
346:Housing
316:Digital
275:Workers
265:Victims
223:Mothers
218:Fathers
213:Parents
166:Fetuses
161:Farmers
121:Animals
116:Accused
4189:Sexual
3809:
3755:
3747:
3664:
3656:
3621:
3611:
3384:
3374:
3330:
3312:Lancet
3295:
3285:
3190:
3182:
3164:Lancet
3142:
3134:
3099:
2993:"SRHR"
2977:
2843:. The
2795:sexual
2759:health
2282:Turkey
2272:Taiwan
2262:Sweden
2247:Russia
2242:Poland
2227:Norway
2180:Mexico
2160:Brazil
2135:Israel
2100:Greece
2090:France
2070:Canada
2008:Africa
1896:Ethics
1693:Theory
1534:Racism
1237:Social
1127:Jewish
1073:Mormon
1031:Victim
964:Equity
930:Romani
842:Global
695:states
652:Spain
638:Kuwait
618:Canada
550:Fourth
540:Second
515:German
401:Speech
371:Repair
341:Health
306:Asylum
255:States
250:Robots
240:Plants
171:Humans
156:Family
151:Elders
34:Rights
3745:JSTOR
3701:(PDF)
3662:S2CID
3654:JSTOR
3525:(PDF)
3487:(PDF)
3271:: 4.
3242:(PDF)
3188:S2CID
3132:JSTOR
3097:JSTOR
2765:, or
2329:Lists
2267:Syria
2207:Nepal
2170:Haiti
2165:Chile
2145:Japan
2140:Italy
2110:India
2075:China
2028:Ghana
2018:Egypt
1494:Media
1242:Labor
1117:Hindu
1088:Asian
1036:White
996:State
879:Black
796:Queer
683:Wales
633:Japan
628:India
545:Third
535:First
526:Waves
280:Youth
270:Women
186:Kings
3807:PMID
3753:PMID
3619:PMID
3508:link
3382:PMID
3328:PMID
3293:PMID
3224:(6).
3180:PMID
3140:PMID
3030:2013
2975:PMID
2859:and
2839:and
2831:are
2809:and
2636:The
2616:The
2576:ILGA
2572:IPPF
2555:and
2539:and
2529:SRHR
2125:Iraq
2120:Iran
2033:Mali
1844:FDPA
1457:and
1139:Sikh
331:Food
191:LGBT
141:Deaf
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