Settler colonialism

500: 813: 22: 397:, the archipelago was subject to a settler colonial process involving systematic enslavement, mass murder, and deportation of the Guanches, who were replaced with Spanish settlers, in a process foreshadowing the Iberian colonisation of the Americas that followed shortly thereafter. Also like in the Americas, Spanish colonialists in the Canaries quickly turned to the importation of slaves from mainland Africa as a source of labour due to the decimation of the already small Guanche population by a combination of war, disease, and brutal forced labour. Historian 347: 640: 420: 777: 1124: 3661:

give up your colonization, for without an armed force which will render physically impossible any attempt to destroy or prevent this colonization, colonization is impossible, not difficult, not dangerous, but IMPOSSIBLE!... Zionism is a colonization adventure and therefore it stands or falls by the question of armed force. It is important... to speak Hebrew, but, unfortunately, it is even more important to be able to shoot – or else I am through with playing at colonizing.

651: 186: 102:. Settlement endeavours were seen as taking place in empty areas, downplaying the Indigenous inhabitants. Later on in the 1970s and 1980s, settler colonialism was seen as bringing high living standards in contrast to the failed political systems associated with classical colonialism. Beginning in the mid-1990s, the field of settler colonial studies was established distinct but connected to 1037: 702:, ultimately this came about through agitation by settler society in order to gain access to Indigenous land. Especially in the US South, such land acquisition built plantation society and expanded the practice of slavery. Settler colonialism participated in the formation of US cultures and lasted past the conquest, removal, or extermination of Indigenous people. In 1928, 1159:. Some indigenous scholars believe that settler colonialism as a methodology can lead to overlooking indigenous responses to colonialism; however, other practitioners of indigenous studies believe that settler colonialism has important insights that are applicable to their work. Settler colonialism as a theory has also been criticized from the standpoint of 4449: 1196:, political scientist Adam Dahl states that while it has often been recognized that "American democratic thought and identity arose out of the distinct pattern by which English settlers colonized the new world", histories are missing the "constitutive role of colonial dispossession in shaping democratic values and ideals". 1372:

Settler colonialism is a relationship. It is related to colonialism but also inherently distinct from it. As a system defined by unequal relationships (like colonialism) where an exogenous collective aims to locally and permanently replace indigenous ones (unlike colonialism), settler colonialism has

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The key phrases Wolfe coined here – that invasion is a 'structure not an event'; that settler colonial structures have a 'logic of elimination' of Indigenous peoples; that 'settlers come to stay' and that they 'destroy to replace' – have been taken up as the defining precepts of the field and are now

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spoke admiringly of the impact of white settler colonialism on the Natives, stating the US had "gunned down the millions of Redskins to a few hundred thousand, and now keep the modest remnant under observation in a cage". The practice of writing the Indigenous out of history perpetrated a forgetting

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Frederick Jackson Turner, the father of the "frontier thesis" of American history, noted in 1901: "Our colonial system did not start with Spanish War; the U.S. had had a colonial history from the beginning...hidden under the phraseology of 'interstate migration' and territorial organization'". While

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A voluntary reconciliation with the Arabs is out of the question either now or in the future. If you wish to colonize a land in which people are already living, you must provide a garrison for the land, or find some rich man or benefactor who will provide a garrison on your behalf. Or else-or else,

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In colonial America, colonial powers created economic dependency and imbalance of trade, incorporating Indigenous nations into spheres of influence and controlling them indirectly with the use of Christian missionaries and alcohol. With the emergence of an independent United States, desire for land

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Settler colonialism is a logic and structure, and not a mere occurrence. Settler colonialism takes claim of environments for replacing existing conditions and members of that environment with those of the settlement and settlers. Intrinsically connected to this is the displacement or elimination of

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Settler-colonialism describes the logic and operation of power when colonizers arrive and settle on lands already inhabited by another group. Importantly, settler colonialism operates through a logic of elimination, seeking to eradicate the original inhabitants through violence and other genocidal

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is credited with originating the field. He theorized settler colonialism as a structure (rather than an event) premised on the elimination rather than exploitation of the native population, thus distinguishing it from classical colonialism. Wolfe argued that settler colonialism was centered on the

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as a colonial state and writes that Jewish settlers could expel the British in 1948 only because they had their own colonial relationships inside and outside Israel's new borders. Veracini believes the possibility of an Israeli disengagement is always latent and this relationship could be severed,

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writes, "Immigrants are unarmed; settlers come armed with both weapons and a nationalist agenda. Immigrants come in search of a homeland, not a state; for settlers, there can be no homeland without a state." Nevertheless, the difference is often elided by settlers who minimize the voluntariness of

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Though often conflated with colonialism more generally, settler colonialism is a distinct imperial formation. Both colonialism and settler colonialism are premised on exogenous domination, but only settler colonialism seeks to replace the original population of the colonized territory with a new

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was set up at the Cape, and imported large numbers of slaves from Africa and Asia during the mid-seventeenth century. The Dutch East India Company established a refreshment station for ships sailing between Europe and the east. The initial plan by Dutch East India Company officer

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publicly endorsed and funded the project. Between 1822 and the early 20th century, around 15,000 African Americans colonized Liberia on lands acquired from the region's indigenous African population. The African American elite monopolized the government and established

4086:: "The domination of Latin America, North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the Asian part of the Soviet Union by European powers all involved the migration of permanent settlers from the European country to the colonies. These places were colonized." 2344: 3682:

Colonisation can have only one aim, and Palestine Arabs cannot accept this aim. It lies in the very nature of things, and in this particular regard nature cannot be changed...Zionist colonisation must either stop, or else proceed regardless of the native

592:. This settlement scheme stemmed from fears that free African Americans would assist slaves in escaping, as well as the widespread belief among White Americans that African Americans were inherently inferior and should thus be relocated. U.S. presidents 519:

was to maintain a small community around the new fort, but the community continued to spread and settle further than originally planned. There was a historic struggle to achieve the intended British sovereignty that was achieved in other parts of the

998:, seeking to reestablish a Jewish political entity in their historical territory. Zionism, Lissak argues, was both a national movement and a settlement movement at the same time, so it was not, by definition, a colonial settlement movement. 1167:

has been criticized on the basis that it does not provide a special status for indigenous claims, and in response settler colonial theory has been criticized for potentially contributing to the marginalization of racialized immigrants.

690:, American settlers poured into southern Ohio, such that by 1810 it had a population of 230,760. The defeat of the confederacies in the Great Lakes paved the way for large land loss in the region, via treaties such as the 2260: 110:

stated that "I didn't invent Settler Colonial Studies. Natives have been experts in the field for centuries." Additionally, Wolfe's work was preceded by others that have been influential in the field, such as

4554: 4156: 1377:... It can happen at any time, and everyone is a settler if they are part of a collective and sovereign displacement that moves to stay, that moves to establish a permanent homeland by way of displacement. 1175:

suggested that settlers could never succeed in their effort to become native, and therefore the only way to end settler colonialism was to erase the political significance of the settler–native dichotomy.

1139:. The Indigenous Australian population was estimated at 795,000 at the time of European settlement. The population declined steeply for 150 years following settlement from 1788, due to casualties from 547:

minority over non-whites, politically, socially and economically. As of 2014, the South African government has re-opened the period for land claims under the Restitution of Land Rights Amendment Act.

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Weinberg, T (2015). "The Griqua Past and the Limits of South African History, 1902–1994; Settler Colonialism and Land Rights in South Africa: Possession and Dispossession on the Orange River".

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Taiwan, an island whose indigenous inhabitants are Austronesian, has been a de facto settler colony due to large-scale Han migration from China to Taiwan beginning in the seventeenth century.

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in the "Post Colonial Colony: time, space and bodies in Palestine/Israel in the persistence of the Palestinian Question" have included Israel in their global analysis of settler societies.

90:, which are close to the complete, prototypical form of settler colonialism. However, settler colonialism is not restricted to any specific culture and has been practised by non-Europeans. 169:

Therefore colonial settling has been called an invasion or occupation, emphazising the violent reality of colonization and its settling, instead of the more domestic meaning of settling.

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and the perceived threat of permanent Indigenous political and spatial structures led to violent relocation of many Indigenous tribes to the American West, in what is known as the

2793: 975:. His approach was defining for the field, but has been challenged by other scholars on the basis that many situations involve a combination of elimination and exploitation. 565:

Liberia is often regarded by scholars as a unique example of settler colonialism and the only known instance of Black settler colonialism. It is frequently described as an

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Van Sant, Levi; Milligan, Richard; Mollett, Sharlene (2021). "Political Ecologies of Race: Settler Colonialism and Environmental Racism in the United States and Canada".

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views Zionism as the return of an indigenous population to its historic homeland, distinct from imperial expansion. Most Jews oppose the paradigm, saying it denies their

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activism and campus protests. However, this viewpoint faces substantial criticism from scholars and is largely rejected by many Jews due to its perceived denial of the

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occurs through removal of the settler population or (more debatably) through reforms to colonial structures, settler-indigenous compacts and reconciliation processes.

2845:"Mixed Reviews for Morocco as Fourth Committee Hears Petitioners on Western Sahara, Amid Continuing Decolonization Debate | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases" 6620: 162:

Depending on the definition, it may be enacted by a variety of means, including mass killing of the previous inhabitants, removal of the previous inhabitants and/or

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their departure, claiming that settlers are mere migrants, and some pro-indigenous positions which militantly simplify, claiming that all migrants are settlers.

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Kauanui, J. Kēhaulani (3 April 2021). "False dilemmas and settler colonial studies: response to Lorenzo Veracini: 'Is Settler Colonial Studies Even Useful?'".

1865: 6451: 874: 123: 3816: 1619: 2480: 6615: 1251: 928: 924: 3024:"Colonialism, Postcolonialism, and the Drive for Social Justice: A Historical Analysis of Identity Based Conflicts in the First Republic of Liberia" 466: 140:

existing residents, particularly through destruction of their environment and society. As such settler colonialism has been identified as a form of

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The Apocalypse of Settler Colonialism: The Roots of Slavery, White Supremacy, and Capitalism in Seventeenth-Century North America and the Caribbean

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Moshe Lissak, "'Critical' Sociology and 'Establishment' Sociology in the Israeli Academic Community: Ideological Struggles or Academic Discourse?"

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Connolly, S. (2017). Settler colonialism in Ireland from the English conquest to the nineteenth century. In E. Cavanagh, & L. Veracini (Eds.),

686:, both eventually lost, thereby paving the way for American control over the region. Settlement into conquered land was rapid. Following the 1795 3271:

Semerdjian, Elyse (17 July 2024). "Gazafication and Genocide by Attrition in Artsakh/Nagorno Karabakh and the Occupied Palestinian Territories".

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acts and to replace the existing spiritual, epistemological, political, social, and ecological systems with those of the settler society.

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The Dawning of the Apocalypse: The Roots of Slavery, White Supremacy, Settler Colonialism, and Capitalism in the Long Sixteenth Century.

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refers to enslaved Africans transported against their will, and to refugees forced into the Americas due to the effects of imperialism.

6581: 6566: 6238: 643: 3803: 2801: 151:, considering settler colonialism to entail the elimination of existing peoples and cultures, and not only their displacement (see 4371: 3862:"Genocide and settler colonialism: can a Lemkin-inspired genocide perspective aid our understanding of the Palestinian situation?" 3762: 6292: 1484: 1031: 55:, which maintains a connection or control to the territory through the settler's colonialism. Settler colonialism contrasts with 4194:

Page, A.; Petray, T. (2015). "Agency and Structural Constraints: Indigenous Peoples and the Settler-State in North Queensland".

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Fourie, J (2014). "Settler Skills and Colonial Development: The Huguenot Wine-Makers in Eighteenth-Century Dutch South Africa".

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in the 20th century. The Soviet policy also sometimes included the deportation of the native population, as in the case of the

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not only is genocide necessarily settler colonial (even though settler colonialism is not always genocidal or even successful)

1516: 6270: 6000: 5382: 4634: 4592: 4520: 4497: 4479: 4435: 4407: 4360: 4286: 4240: 3972: 3844: 3770: 3653: 3180: 2944: 2878: 2736: 2707: 1782: 1754: 1365: 1007: 622: 3023: 2345:"Eastward Ho! Japanese Settler Colonialism in Hokkaido and the Making of Japanese Migration to the American West, 1869–1888" 6670: 3790:, NY, (2006) and "The Pre-Occupation of Post-Colonial Studies" ed. Fawzia Afzal-Khan and Kalpana Rahita Seshadri. (Durham: 947:, has stated, "Israel was created by a settler-colonial movement of Jewish immigrants". Damien Short has accused Israel of 5906: 3224:

Education and the Racial Dynamics of Settler Colonialism in Early America: Georgia and South Carolina, ca. 1700 - ca. 1820

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Under international law, the transfer of Moroccan citizens into the occupied territory constitutes a direct violation of

333: 2824: 796:, and other parts of the imperial frontier. To accomplish this goal they began a policy of settler colonialism by which 71:. As settler colonialism entails the creation of a new society on the conquered territory, it lasts indefinitely unless 6052: 5052: 3993: 3236: 2601: 2412: 1744: 155:, "the intentional destruction of a people in whole or in part"). However, the opposite argument has also been made by 3135: 1097:'s contemporary population is largely the result of Chinese settler colonialism beginning in the seventeenth century. 1052:, during which it displaced and resettled Indigenous peoples, while practicing settler colonialism. The annexation of 6698: 6523: 6418: 4696: 4615: 4462: 3579: 2676: 2446:"State-building, migration and economic development on the frontiers of northern Afghanistan and southern Tajikistan" 1983: 1072: 971:

control of land, that it continued after the closing of the frontier, and that continued to exist today, classifying

79: 6518: 3786:"Post Colonial Colony: time, space and bodies in Palestine/Israel in the persistence of the Palestinian Question", 1019: 956: 866: 172:

Settler colonialism is distinct from migration because immigrants aim to join an existing society, not replace it.

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often committed atrocities against them. During the Cold War, new forms of Indigenous repression were practiced.

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The settler colonial paradigm has been applied to a wide variety of conflicts around the world, including the

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Troen, S. Ilan (2007). "De-Judaizing the Homeland: Academic Politics in Rewriting the History of Palestine".

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Troen, S. Ilan (2007). "De-Judaizing the Homeland: Academic Politics in Rewriting the History of Palestine".

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Clarke, Michael (16 February 2021). "Settler Colonialism and the Path toward Cultural Genocide in Xinjiang".

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Bartels, Dennis; Bartels, Alice L. (2006). "Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North and Cold War Ideology".

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Sunderland, Willard (2000). "The 'Colonization Question': Visions of Colonization in Late Imperial Russia".

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because it was able to establish a number of colonial relationships within and without the borders of 1948."

2540:"Farmers to the Frontier: Settler Colonialism in the Eastern Prussian Provinces and German Southwest Africa" 613:

elite such as the Grebo Revolt in 1909–1910 and Kru Revolt in 1915 were quelled with U.S. military support.

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invade and occupy territory to permanently replace the existing society with the society of the colonizers.

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has labelled the conquest of the Canary Islands as the first overseas European settler colonial genocide.

6758: 6753: 6686: 6609: 6287: 6228: 6121: 5158: 3207: 2728: 2450: 1235: 1045: 1015: 4666: 4157:"The Australian Settler State, Indigenous Agency, and the Indigenous Sector in the Twenty First Century" 6408: 6370: 6304: 6183: 4561: 4512: 4488: 4278: 3964: 3257: 2699: 1205: 889: 698:

the United States government and local state governments directly aided this dispossession through the

609:, they felt superior to the natives, whom they dominated and oppressed. Indigenous revolts against the 341: 3095: 6558: 6335: 6248: 6079: 5227: 4791: 2867:

Settler colonialism and land rights in South Africa: Possession and dispossession on the Orange River

2618: 2500:"Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Return of Internally Displaced Persons to Northern Afghanistan" 2297:"'We will memorise our home': exploring settler colonialism as an interpretive framework for Kashmir" 2296: 2163: 2011: 1773:(2021). "Colonialism, Frontiers, Genocide: Civilian-Driven Violence in Settler Colonial Situations". 1394: 675: 4297: 4180: 2539: 2007:"Europe's First Settler Colonial Incursion into Africa: The Genocide of Aboriginal Canary Islanders" 2006: 990:. Moses Lissak asserted that the settler-colonial thesis denies the idea that Zionism is the modern 510:

In 1652, the arrival of Europeans sparked the beginning of settler colonialism in South Africa. The

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Decolonizing Israel. Ilan Pappé on Viewing Israel-Palestine Through the Lens of Settler-Colonialism

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has sponsored settlement schemes that have encouraged several thousand Moroccan citizens to settle

301: 297: 56: 3731: 2256:"Of Rivers and Human Rights: The Northern Areas, Pakistan's forgotten colony in Jammu and Kashmir" 978:

Critics of the paradigm argue that Zionism does not fit the traditional framework of colonialism.

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were resettled on the frontier. This policy was renewed by the People's Republic of China, led by

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From Politics Past to Politics Future: An Integrated Analysis of Current and Emergent Paradigms

1215: 1136: 869:. This academic framework has also been embraced by leftist groups and individuals involved in 245: 3409: 3334: 1958: 1950: 1866:"Discovery, settlement or invasion? The power of language in Australia's historical narrative" 1044:

Some scholars describe Russia as a settler colonial state, particularly in its expansion into

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of the full dimensions and significance of colonialism at both the national and local levels.

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Statistics compiled by Ørsted-Jensen for Frontier History Revisited (Brisbane 2011), page 15.

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Whyte, Kyle (1 September 2018). "Settler Colonialism, Ecology, and Environmental Injustice".

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was introduced South Africa in order to segregate the races and ensure the domination of the

525: 163: 68: 21: 5945: 2619:"Yehuda Bauer, the Concepts of Holocaust and Genocide, and the Issue of Settler Colonialism" 1349: 921:

accommodation of a Palestinian Israeli autonomy within the institutions of the Israeli state

6655: 6571: 6548: 6243: 6150: 5980: 5950: 5825: 5756: 5727: 5646: 4980: 4818: 4808: 4454: 3335:"Urbanizing Minority Minzu in the PRC: Insights from the Literature on Settler Colonialism" 2695:

The Ethnography of Vietnam's Central Highlanders: A Historical Contextualization, 1850–1990

1709: 1557: 1284: 1106: 743: 699: 687: 141: 5930: 4275:

Empire of the People: Settler Colonialism and the Foundations of Modern Democratic Thought

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Englert, Sai (2020). "Settlers, Workers, and the Logic of Accumulation by Dispossession".

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Empire of the People: Settler Colonialism and the Foundations of Modern Democratic Thought

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Replenishing the earth: the settler revolution and the rise of the Anglo-world, 1783–1939

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Unsettling Settler Societies: Articulations of Gender, Race, Ethnicity and Class, Vol. 11

3296:"(Un)Tethering Indigeneity: The Colonized, Settlerized, Nationalized, and Something Else" 3096:"Black Imperialism: Americo-Liberian Rule over the African Peoples of Liberia, 1841–1964" 3044: 2668: 2518:"Paying for the Taliban's Crimes: Abuses Against Ethnic Pashtuns in Northern Afghanistan" 1280:"Thinking with and beyond settler colonial studies: new histories after the postcolonial" 1210: 1160: 1023: 944: 885: 257: 190: 5558: 5548: 3674: 1713: 1561: 98:

During the 1960s, settlement and colonization were perceived as separate phenomena from

6708: 5955: 5935: 5918: 5869: 5734: 5543: 5494: 5427: 5345: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5232: 5202: 5094: 4992: 4860: 4835: 4607: 4317: 4066: 4005: 3939: 3899: 3584: 3545: 3516: 3447: 3364: 2979: 2913: 2870: 2638: 2559: 2524: 2481:"From 'Slavers' to 'Warlords': Descriptions of Afghanistan's Uzbeks in Western Writing" 2426: 2418: 2364: 2318: 2277: 2229: 2183: 2127: 2088: 2028: 1934: 1846: 1682: 1583: 1548: 1423: 1321: 1156: 1140: 987: 920: 862: 825: 821: 721: 474: 436: 423:

Marches of 7 November (in green) and military action of 31 October (in red) during the

366: 201: 103: 6591: 6505: 6403: 6252: 6064: 5960: 5896: 5891: 5820: 5717: 5432: 5360: 5355: 5197: 5126: 5109: 5104: 5099: 4899: 4850: 4630: 4611: 4588: 4516: 4493: 4475: 4458: 4431: 4403: 4356: 4321: 4282: 4236: 3968: 3903: 3861: 3840: 3774: 3766: 3649: 3589: 3550: 3520: 3451: 3439: 3405: 3397: 3368: 3356: 3315: 3232: 3176: 3117: 2983: 2940: 2917: 2874: 2732: 2703: 2672: 2642: 2597: 2563: 2430: 2408: 2368: 2322: 2233: 2187: 2119: 2092: 2032: 1979: 1975:

The Conquest of the Desert: Argentina's Indigenous Peoples and the Battle for History

1954: 1850: 1838: 1778: 1750: 1725: 1686: 1674: 1587: 1465: 1427: 1415: 1361: 1325: 1313: 731: 691: 602: 577: 566: 556: 459: 458:

after having received a signal from King Hassan II. As of 2015, it is estimated that

410: 4349:

Civilian-Driven Violence and the Genocide of Indigenous Peoples in Settler Societies

3958: 3616:"Campus Radicals and Leftist Groups Have Embraced the Idea of 'Settler Colonialism'" 2844: 1775:

Civilian-Driven Violence and the Genocide of Indigenous Peoples in Settler Societies

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has been characterized by some scholars as a form of settler colonialism concerning

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In response to American encroachment on native land in the Great Lakes region, the

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Eastward to Empire: Exploration and Conquest on the Russian Open Frontier to 1750

3643: 3140: 2975: 2591: 2555: 1172: 904: 626: 606: 585: 451: 233: 205: 173: 5553: 2464: 2445: 639: 588:-run organization, to relocate free African Americans to Africa, as part of the 6665: 6601: 6586: 6510: 6500: 6480: 6207: 6203: 6074: 6069: 6032: 6007: 5990: 5901: 5886: 5857: 5815: 5663: 5623: 5618: 5573: 5499: 5459: 5449: 5439: 5254: 5133: 5027: 4894: 4776: 3435: 3384:

Settler Colonialism, Primitive Accumulation, and Biopolitics in Xinjiang, China

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no geographical, cultural or chronological bounds. It is culturally nonspecific

660: 455: 439: 265: 229: 225: 221: 72: 3895: 3512: 3311: 2360: 1833: 1814: 419: 389:

on 1 May 1402 and ending with the surrender of the last Guanche resistance on

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Re-conceptualizing Taiwan: Settler Colonial Criticism and Cultural Production

4098:"The Deportation of the Crimean Tatars in the Context of Settler Colonialism" 3593: 3554: 3443: 3401: 3360: 3352: 3319: 3121: 2774:

Re-conceptualizing Taiwan: Settler Colonial Criticism and Cultural Production

2123: 1842: 1810: 1729: 1678: 1469: 1461: 1419: 1317: 1084: 1027: 979: 967: 932: 893: 833: 597: 570: 394: 370: 289: 273: 253: 217: 197: 107: 5583: 5563: 4540: 4116: 4009: 2909: 2772: 2422: 2390: 936: 776: 6650: 6485: 6443: 6386: 6262: 6199: 6047: 5788: 5778: 5744: 5673: 5668: 5595: 5385: 5367: 5328: 5323: 5303: 5298: 5170: 5163: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5037: 4975: 4956: 4941: 4877: 4467: 4444: 4097: 3474: 3172: 2829: 1392:

McKay, Dwanna L.; Vinyeta, Kirsten; Norgaard, Kari Marie (September 2020).

1068: 952: 897: 870: 781: 747: 703: 533: 374: 317: 313: 112: 106:. Although often credited with originating the field, Australian historian 37: 3765:, Nira Yuval-Davis (Editor), Daiva K Stasiulis (Editor), Paperback 352pp, 2225: 1123: 6413: 6398: 6358: 5766: 5751: 5600: 5313: 5222: 5212: 5138: 4786: 4781: 4652: 4399: 4001: 3820: 3749: 3392: 2825:"Western Sahara's stranded refugees consider renewal of Morocco conflict" 2404: 2164:"'Terra promessa': migration and settler colonialism in Libya, 1911–1970" 991: 797: 447: 424: 414: 281: 99: 87: 52: 4070: 3943: 2281: 2131: 2107: 2053:

Barclay, Fiona; Chopin, Charlotte Ann; Evans, Martin (12 January 2017).

1578: 6471: 5793: 5610: 5484: 5444: 5377: 3730:"Israel could celebrate its anticolonial/anti-British struggle exactly 3700: 2255: 1721: 1569: 1411: 1308: 1164: 896:, described the Zionist project as "something colonial" in a letter to 667: 650: 486: 2209: 2083: 450:

took place, during which about 350,000 Moroccan citizens crossed into

5683: 5454: 5338: 5308: 5089: 4963: 4754: 4573: 4352: 4062: 3787: 3228: 3070:

The American Colonization Society: 200 Years of the “Colonizing Trick

2149: 1357: 1180: 829: 544: 540: 494: 386: 337: 269: 213: 209: 148: 83: 6198: 3222: 3136:"Liberia: The African-American settler colony that parallels Israel" 1350:"Introduction: Settler colonialism as a distinct mode of domination" 844:

today. However, this notion has also received significant criticism.

654:"Indian Land For Sale" by the U.S. Department of the Interior (1911) 185: 5084: 4867: 4825: 4764: 2392:

Brokers of Empire: Japanese Settler Colonialism in Korea, 1876–1945

1061: 789: 390: 382: 305: 241: 189:

Map of colonial empires throughout the world in 1754, prior to the

152: 60: 4544: 3082:

Oxford University Press’s Academic Insights for the Thinking World

3074:

Black Perspectives, African American Intellectual History Society,

2725:

The unimagined community: Imperialism and culture in South Vietnam

2663:

Rahman, Smita A.; Gordy, Katherine A.; Deylami, Shirin S. (2022).

1973: 1930:"New Caledonia set for 2nd referendum on independence from France" 1746:

Redefining Genocide: Settler Colonialism, Social Death and Ecocide

385:

people. Beginning with the start of the conquest of the island of

309: 6703: 4997: 4926: 4882: 4737: 2936: 2498:

Mundt, Alex; Schmeidl, Susanne; Ziai, Shafiqullah (1 June 2009).

1093:

According to a PhD thesis by Lin-chin Tsai, the ethnic makeup of

1053: 940: 888:, who said "Zionism is a colonization adventure." Founder of the 881: 858: 817: 432: 378: 277: 261: 48: 41: 4798: 3836:

Arab Minority Nationalism in Israel: The Politics of Indigeneity

3078:

The American Colonization Society’s plans for abolishing slavery

16:

Form of colonialism seeking population replacement with settlers

4830: 4705: 3804:

The Palestinian Enclaves Struggle: An Interview with Ilan Pappé

3470:"The Curious Rise of 'Settler Colonialism' and 'Turtle Island'" 1395:"Theorizing race and settler colonialism within U.S. sociology" 1094: 1036: 915: 837: 734:

has been described as settler colonialism targeting Armenians.

321: 237: 2593:

Destroying to Replace: Settler Genocides of Indigenous Peoples

907:

wrote an article later translated and published in English as

159:, who argues that all genocide is settler colonial in nature. 5464: 2210:"Italian Colonialism through a Settler Colonial Studies Lens" 793: 503: 2146:

The Routledge Handbook of the History of Settler Colonialism

1354:

The Routledge Handbook of the History of Settler Colonialism

377:

archipelago of the Canary Islands, located off the coast of

2778: 2596:. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. pp. 1–32. 995: 462:

constitute two-thirds of the population of Western Sahara.

4674: 4228:

The Transit of Empire: Indigenous Critiques of Colonialism

3580:"Who's a 'Colonizer'? How an Old Word Became a New Weapon" 1502:

society of settlers (usually from the colonial metropole).

884:

themselves described the project as colonization, such as

678:

emerged. Despite initial victories in both cases, such as

4536: 1900: 1898: 694:

which saw the loss of more than 4,000,000 acres of land.

1331:

cited by countless scholars across numerous disciplines.

836:, credited with originating the field, famously defined 4025:"Conquering Siberia: The Case for Genocide Recognition" 1815:"Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native" 1699: 4206: 4162:. Australian Political Studies Association Conference. 2472: 2055:"Introduction: settler colonialism and French Algeria" 1910: 1895: 1883: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1147:

and forced re-settlement and cultural disintegration.

943:

and Israel in similar terms. Scholar Amal Jamal, from

788:

Near the end of their rule the Qing tried to colonize

1620:"A Typology of Colonialism | Perspectives on History" 1135:

Europeans explored and settled Australia, displacing

78:

Settler colonial studies has often focused on former

3648:. Vol. 1: The False Messiah. SCB Distributors. 2754:"The Chams in Vietnam: a great unknown civilization" 2108:"Challenging U.S. Militarism in Hawai'i and Okinawa" 1391: 1183:

scholar Jodi Byrd, in contrast to settler, the term

3169:

An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States

2295:Mushtaq, Samreen; Mudasir, Amin (16 October 2021). 1594: 842:

most through example of a settler colonialist state

4249: 2662: 2510: 2261:International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 2052: 1515: 1393: 816:Scholars of settler colonialism generally see the 3333:Wang, Ju-Han Zoe; Roche, Gerald (16 March 2021). 2497: 1352:. In Cavanagh, Edward; Veracini, Lorenzo (eds.). 147:Some scholars describe the process as inherently 6740: 4649:Traces of History: Elementary Structures of Race 4584:Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat 4302:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 3988:Lantzeff, George V.; Pierce, Richard A. (1973). 3734:Lorenzo Veracini, Borderlands, vol 6 No 2, 2007. 3196:https://www.issuelab.org/resources/3973/3973.pdf 2582: 2580: 2443: 1997: 1995: 1278:Carey, Jane; Silverstein, Ben (2 January 2020). 1277: 2437: 1056:and the Far East to Russia was resisted by the 966:Writing in the 1990s, the Australian historian 475:Israeli settlers in the Palestinian territories 350:Comparison of Africa in the years 1880 and 1913 4560: 4048: 3987: 2796:[Hassan II launches the Green March]. 2294: 1951:"Indonesian Settler Colonialism in West Papua" 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1001: 973:Israel as a modern form of settler colonialism 6184: 4690: 3695:Gelber, Mark H.; Liska, Vivian, eds. (2012). 2577: 1992: 1137:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 726:Confiscation of Armenian properties in Turkey 635:Native American genocide in the United States 27:loss of Native American land to U.S. settlers 6147:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy 4570:Settler Colonialism in the Twentieth Century 4555:American Indian Culture and Research Journal 4298:"'Settler Colonialism': Career of a Concept" 3166: 2617:Browning, Christopher R. (8 February 2022). 2544:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 1476: 1067:This colonization continued even during the 506:family traveling by covered wagon circa 1900 4604:Settler Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview 3713:Rodinson, Maxime. "Israel, fait colonial?" 3694: 3300:Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies 2491: 2214:Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History 1794: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1234:Example reconciliation programmes include: 1155:Settler colonialism exists in tension with 1115:List of massacres of Indigenous Australians 824:as the archetype of the definition. Map of 6191: 6177: 4697: 4683: 4193: 3929: 3832: 3672: 3666: 3538: 3270: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 569:settler colony tasked with establishing a 467:Article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention 3877: 3875: 3866:The International Journal of Human Rights 3494: 3492: 3391: 3332: 3009:The SOAS Journal of Postgraduate Research 2463: 2082: 2072: 1832: 1617: 1577: 1307: 1297: 1129:Censuses, articles quoted in description. 875:historical Jewish connection to Palestine 134: 4624: 4601: 4506: 4343: 4295: 4212: 4083: 3743: 3539:Schuessler, Jennifer (22 January 2024). 3293: 2959: 2864: 2791: 2758:French Academic Network of Asian Studies 2751: 2691: 2616: 2586: 2207: 2001: 1916: 1889: 1769: 1639: 1605: 1517:"Settler Colonialism and Decolonisation" 1513: 1387: 1385: 1347: 1336: 1273: 1271: 1122: 1035: 811: 775: 649: 638: 498: 418: 393:on 29 September 1496 to the now-unified 345: 184: 20: 5971: 4485: 4393: 3956: 3573: 3571: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3021: 1948: 1904: 1656: 1545: 1532: 1032:Population transfer in the Soviet Union 532:(1961–1994) and finally the modern day 6741: 4416: 3872: 3613: 3489: 3467: 3463: 3461: 3421: 3381: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3039: 3037: 2999: 2995: 2993: 2924: 2893: 2860: 2858: 2822: 2722: 2478: 2388: 2161: 2105: 1971: 1863: 1736: 1443: 1441: 756:Southward expansion of the Han dynasty 491:Free Burghers in the Dutch Cape Colony 373:to subjugate under Castilian rule the 93: 6172: 4678: 4643: 4580: 4507:Manjapra, Kris (2020). "Settlement". 3881: 3859: 3673:Jabotinsky, Ze'ev (4 November 1923). 3577: 3498: 3220: 3093: 3076:December 22, 2016; Nicholas Guyatt, “ 2930: 2479:Bleuer, Christian (17 October 2014). 2253: 1809: 1749:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 69. 1742: 1447: 1382: 1268: 1008:Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states 715: 623:European colonization of the Americas 6671:Postcolonial international relations 4396:Settler Colonialism: An Introduction 4272: 4255: 4224: 4154: 4114: 4095: 4022: 3932:Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 3910: 3839:. Taylor & Francis. p. 48. 3641: 3568: 3527: 3294:Sargsyan, Nelli (22 November 2022). 3251: 2792:Hamdaoui, Neijma (31 October 2003). 2770: 2537: 1857: 1693: 1240:truth and reconciliation commissions 524:. State sovereignty belonged to the 6612:— Predecessors of sovereign states 4667:Articles on Settler Colonialism in 4023:Hill, Nathaniel (25 October 2021). 3960:A history of the peoples of Siberia 3645:Zionism: The Real Enemy of the Jews 3458: 3155: 3101:Canadian Journal of African Studies 3034: 2990: 2963:Journal of Southern African Studies 2887: 2855: 2112:Race, Poverty & the Environment 1618:Shoemaker, Nancy (1 October 2015). 1482: 1438: 605:over the locals. As they possessed 576:Liberia was founded as the private 471:Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus 334:White Africans of European ancestry 67:and gain a source of cheap or free 13: 4337: 4225:Byrd, Jodi A. (6 September 2011). 3717:, 1967. Republished in English as 3697:Theodor Herzl: From Europe to Zion 3468:Powell, Michael (5 January 2024). 2823:Shefte, Whitney (6 January 2015). 2342: 2162:Ertola, Emanuele (15 March 2016). 1978:. University of New Mexico Press. 1514:Veracini, Lorenzo (October 2007). 832:in 2020. The Australian historian 365:During the fifteenth century, the 14: 6770: 4660: 4509:Colonialism in Global Perspective 3719:Israel: A Colonial Settler-State? 3578:Cohen, Roger (10 December 2023). 2794:"Hassan II lance la Marche verte" 2623:The Journal of Holocaust Research 2208:Veracini, Lorenzo (Winter 2018). 984:historical connection to the land 909:Israel: A Colonial Settler-State? 354: 80:British colonies in North America 47:Settler colonialism is a form of 6633:Sovereign states formation dates 4102:International Crimes and History 3614:Kirsch, Adam (26 October 2023). 3541:"What Is 'Settler Colonialism'?" 3424:Global Responsibility to Protect 1949:McNamee, Lachlan (15 May 2020). 1127:"Areas of European settlement". 1020:Russian conquest of the Caucasus 880:Many of the founding fathers of 616: 381:and inhabited by the Indigenous 118:Zionist Colonialism in Palestine 4369: 4218: 4187: 4148: 4139: 4108: 4089: 4077: 4042: 4016: 3994:McGill-Queen's University Press 3981: 3950: 3923: 3860:Short, Damien (December 2012). 3853: 3826: 3809: 3797: 3780: 3756: 3737: 3724: 3707: 3688: 3635: 3607: 3415: 3375: 3326: 3287: 3264: 3245: 3214: 3200: 3189: 3128: 3087: 3062: 3015: 2953: 2837: 2816: 2785: 2764: 2752:Schweyer, Anne-Valérie (2019). 2745: 2716: 2685: 2656: 2610: 2538:Lerp, Dörte (11 October 2013). 2531: 2382: 2336: 2288: 2247: 2201: 2155: 2138: 2099: 2046: 1965: 1942: 1922: 1763: 1625:American Historical Association 1611: 1012:Expansion of Russia (1500–1800) 923:". Other commentators, such as 854:Palestinian genocide accusation 772:Qin campaign against the Baiyue 768:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 480: 6724:Decolonization of public space 4265: 3721:, New York, Monad Press, 1973. 3167:Dunbar-Ortiz, Roxanne (2014). 3114:10.1080/00083968.1973.10803695 3094:Akpan, M. B. (10 March 2014). 2397:Harvard University Asia Center 1507: 1228: 903:In 1967, the French historian 850:Zionism as settler colonialism 573:form of governance in Africa. 361:Conquest of the Canary Islands 1: 6539:Couronian (Polish-Lithuanian) 4543:, retrieved: March 17, 2021 ( 4541:Institute of European History 4537:EGO - European History Online 4233:University of Minnesota Press 3967:. pp. 201–228, 241–346. 3642:Hart, Alan (13 August 2010). 3281:10.1080/14623528.2024.2377871 2635:10.1080/25785648.2021.2012985 2315:10.1080/01436597.2021.1984877 2180:10.1080/2201473X.2016.1153251 2074:10.1080/2201473X.2016.1273862 2025:10.1080/17532523.2017.1336863 1864:Kilroy, Peter (22 May 2024). 1671:10.1080/13688790.2020.1857023 1299:10.1080/13688790.2020.1719569 1261: 1040:Expansion of Russia 1500–1900 959:since its inception within a 582:American Colonization Society 561:American Colonization Society 528:(1910–1961), followed by the 6719:Christianity and colonialism 4627:The Settler Colonial Present 4552:What is settler colonialism? 4492:. Harvard University Press. 4474:Monthly Review Press, 2020. 4314:10.1080/03086534.2013.768099 3273:Journal of Genocide Research 3221:Spady, James O'Neil (2020). 3208:"The 1819 Treaty of Saginaw" 3002:"From Victims to Colonizers" 2976:10.1080/03057070.2015.991591 2665:Globalizing Political Theory 2556:10.1080/03086534.2013.836361 2485:Afghanistan Analysts Network 2389:Uchida, Jun (3 March 2014). 2349:The Journal of Asian Studies 1972:Larson, Carolyne R. (2020). 1820:Journal of Genocide Research 1150: 1100: 1089:Taiwanese indigenous peoples 957:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 867:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 7: 6687:Decolonization of knowledge 6610:Wars of national liberation 4704: 4669:Western American Literature 4155:Page, A. (September 2015). 3045:"Founding of Liberia, 1847" 2800:(in French). Archived from 2729:Manchester University Press 2465:10.1016/j.euras.2011.10.008 2451:Journal of Eurasian Studies 2343:Lu, Sidney Xu (June 2019). 1236:Reconciliation in Australia 1199: 1016:Russian conquest of Siberia 1002:Russia and the Soviet Union 180: 59:, where the imperial power 10: 6775: 4625:Veracini, Lorenzo (2015). 4602:Veracini, Lorenzo (2010). 4513:Cambridge University Press 4489:Neither Settler nor Native 4296:Veracini, Lorenzo (2013). 4279:University Press of Kansas 3965:Cambridge University Press 3806:, King's Review – Magazine 3746:Israel and Settler Society 3744:Veracini, Lorenzo (2006). 3436:10.1163/1875-984X-13010002 3258:Cambridge University Press 2700:University of Hawaii Press 2274:10.1163/157181104323383929 1348:Veracini, Lorenzo (2017). 1206:Pre-modern human migration 1104: 1082: 1005: 890:World Zionist Organization 847: 828:(magenta) in the occupied 741: 719: 620: 554: 550: 484: 446:. On 6 November 1975, the 408: 404: 358: 342:French conquest of Algeria 331: 6679: 6641: 6600: 6465: 6385: 6357: 6348: 6313: 6261: 6221: 6214: 6140: 6092: 5609: 5013: 4712: 4486:Mamdani, Mahmood (2020). 4029:www.genocidewatchblog.com 3896:10.1080/13537120701445372 3513:10.1080/13537120701445372 3382:Brooks, Jonathan (2021), 3312:10.1163/26670038-12342780 3000:Spence, David M. (2021). 2935:. Westport, Connecticut: 2444:Christian Bleuer (2012). 2361:10.1017/S0021911819000147 2012:African Historical Review 1834:10.1080/14623520601056240 1078: 807: 369:sponsored expeditions by 327: 4529:Marx, Christoph (2017). 4196:Settler Colonial Studies 4123:University of California 3353:10.1177/0097700421995135 3022:Parkins, Daniel (2019). 2723:Nguyen, Duy Lap (2019). 2692:Salemink, Oscar (2003). 2254:Raman, Anita D. (2004). 2168:Settler Colonial Studies 2060:Settler Colonial Studies 1489:oxfordbibliographies.com 1462:10.3167/ares.2018.090109 1221: 1145:Australian frontier wars 1119:Australian frontier wars 737: 534:Republic of South Africa 530:Republic of South Africa 512:Dutch East India Company 302:German South West Africa 57:exploitation colonialism 6628:Independence referendum 4550:Mikdashi, Maya (2013). 4428:Oxford University Press 4380:Oxford University Press 4115:Tsai, Lin-chin (2019). 3957:Forsyth, James (1992). 3621:The Wall Street Journal 3084:, December 22, 2016, /. 3049:Office of the Historian 2910:10.1111/1468-0289.12033 2897:Economic History Review 2771:Tsai, Lin-chin (2019). 2148:(pp. 49-64). Article 4 1450:Environment and Society 877:, among other reasons. 802:Chinese Communist Party 710: 644:U.S. westward expansion 590:Back-to-Africa movement 539:In 1948, the policy of 444:Western Sahara conflict 4175:Cite journal requires 3028:SIT Graduate Institute 1743:Short, Damien (2016). 1216:Transmigration program 1132: 1041: 845: 785: 700:use of military forces 676:Tecumseh's Confederacy 655: 647: 507: 428: 351: 193: 135:Definition and concept 30: 25:Graphic depicting the 6117:Medieval great powers 4394:Englert, Sai (2022). 4376:Oxford Bibliographies 4372:"Settler Colonialism" 3792:Duke University Press 2504:Brookings Institution 2302:Third World Quarterly 2226:10.1353/cch.2018.0023 1485:"Settler Colonialism" 1126: 1111:Cultural assimilation 1083:Further information: 1039: 949:carrying out genocide 815: 780:The expansion of the 779: 764:Migration to Xinjiang 760:Sinicization of Tibet 720:Further information: 672:Northwest Confederacy 670:confederacies of the 653: 642: 526:Union of South Africa 502: 422: 359:Further information: 349: 188: 164:cultural assimilation 24: 6656:Internal colonialism 6127:European colonialism 6112:Ancient great powers 4455:Monthly Review Press 4002:10.2307/j.ctt1w0dbpp 3963:. 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(1983). 4515:. pp. 43–70. 3585:The New York Times 3546:The New York Times 3068:Nicholas Guyatt, “ 2873:. pp. 10–16. 2871:Palgrave Macmillan 2869:. United Kingdom: 2525:Human Rights Watch 1722:10.1111/anti.12697 1570:10.1111/anti.12659 1412:10.1111/soc4.12821 1157:indigenous studies 1141:infectious disease 1133: 1058:Indigenous peoples 1042: 988:self-determination 846: 786: 722:Armenian highlands 716:Armenian Highlands 680:St. Clair's defeat 656: 648: 508: 433:Kingdom of Morocco 429: 367:Kingdom of Castile 352: 202:Western New Guinea 194: 124:Settler Capitalism 104:Indigenous studies 61:conquers territory 53:imperial authority 31: 6736: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6517:Overseas, minor: 6479:Overseas, major: 6344: 6343: 6281:European colonies 6166: 6165: 6088: 6087: 6053:Polish–Lithuanian 5228:Gurjara-Pratihara 4636:978-1-137-37247-5 4606:. Hampshire, UK: 4594:978-1-62963-037-3 4522:978-1-108-42526-1 4499:978-0-674-98732-6 4480:978-1-58367-875-6 4437:978-0-19-929727-6 4409:978-0-7453-4490-4 4362:978-1-000-41177-5 4345:Adhikari, Mohamed 4288:978-0-7006-2607-6 4242:978-1-4529-3317-7 3974:978-0-521-40311-5 3846:978-1-136-82412-8 3775:SAGE Publications 3771:978-0-8039-8694-7 3715:Les Temps Moderne 3655:978-0-932863-78-2 3182:978-0-8070-0040-3 2946:978-0-275-96151-0 2880:978-1-137-30577-0 2804:on 3 January 2006 2738:978-1-52614-398-3 2709:978-0-8248-2579-9 2588:Adhikari, Mohamed 2395:. Vol. 337. 2309:(12): 3012–3029. 2003:Adhikari, Mohamed 1938:. 3 October 2020. 1784:978-1-000-41177-5 1771:Veracini, Lorenzo 1756:978-1-84813-546-8 1491:. Tate A. LeFevre 1400:Sociology Compass 1367:978-0-415-74216-0 1130: 992:national movement 732:Karabakh conflict 692:Treaty of Saginaw 578:colony of Liberia 557:Colony of Liberia 460:Moroccan settlers 437:Moroccan-occupied 411:Moroccan settlers 65:natural resources 6766: 6680:Related concepts 6621:in South America 6529:Austro-Hungarian 6467:Colonial empires 6377:Age of Discovery 6367:Maritime history 6355: 6354: 6219: 6218: 6193: 6186: 6179: 6170: 6169: 5969: 5968: 5634:Austro-Hungarian 5334:Chagatai Khanate 4699: 4692: 4685: 4676: 4675: 4656: 4640: 4621: 4598: 4577: 4566:Elkins, Caroline 4532:Settler Colonies 4526: 4503: 4441: 4413: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4366: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4292: 4259: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4235:. pp. xix. 4222: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4178: 4173: 4171: 4163: 4161: 4152: 4146: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4131: 4129: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4063:10.2307/25605315 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4020: 4014: 4013: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3927: 3921: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3879: 3870: 3869: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3830: 3824: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3784: 3778: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3741: 3735: 3728: 3722: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3679: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3575: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3536: 3525: 3524: 3496: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3465: 3456: 3455: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3395: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3204: 3198: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3164: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3091: 3085: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3041: 3032: 3031: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3006: 2997: 2988: 2987: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2862: 2853: 2852: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2798:JeuneAfrique.com 2789: 2783: 2782: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2590:(25 July 2022). 2584: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2522: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2268:(1/2): 187–228. 2251: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2159: 2153: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2086: 2076: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2039: 1999: 1990: 1989: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1946: 1940: 1939: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1870:The Conversation 1861: 1855: 1854: 1836: 1807: 1792: 1791: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1740: 1734: 1733: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1654: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1615: 1609: 1603: 1592: 1591: 1581: 1556:(6): 1647–1666. 1543: 1530: 1529: 1519: 1511: 1505: 1504: 1498: 1496: 1480: 1474: 1473: 1445: 1436: 1435: 1397: 1389: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1345: 1334: 1333: 1311: 1301: 1275: 1255: 1232: 1128: 1050:Russian Far East 961:settler colonial 929:Nira Yuval-Davis 912:Lorenzo Veracini 818:Zionist movement 752:Dzungar genocide 684:siege of Detroit 631:Manifest destiny 611:Americo-Liberian 594:Thomas Jefferson 567:African American 517:Jan van Riebeeck 431:Since 1975, the 399:Mohamed Adhikari 250:Israel/Palestine 191:Seven Years' War 157:Lorenzo Veracini 6774: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6763: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6728: 6675: 6661:Nation-building 6643:Postcolonialism 6637: 6596: 6469: 6461: 6434:detribalization 6409:Interventionism 6381: 6350: 6340: 6309: 6257: 6210: 6197: 6167: 6162: 6151:American Empire 6136: 6132:African empires 6084: 5967: 5659:Central African 5605: 5423:Romano-Germanic 5009: 4743:Middle Assyrian 4716: 4708: 4703: 4663: 4637: 4618: 4610:. p. 182. 4595: 4568:, eds. (2005). 4562:Pedersen, Susan 4523: 4500: 4438: 4430:. p. 573. 4410: 4384: 4382: 4363: 4340: 4338:Further reading 4335: 4326: 4324: 4289: 4268: 4263: 4262: 4254: 4250: 4243: 4223: 4219: 4211: 4207: 4192: 4188: 4176: 4174: 4165: 4164: 4159: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4140: 4127: 4125: 4113: 4109: 4094: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4021: 4017: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3955: 3951: 3928: 3924: 3915: 3911: 3880: 3873: 3858: 3854: 3847: 3831: 3827: 3814: 3810: 3802: 3798: 3785: 3781: 3761: 3757: 3742: 3738: 3729: 3725: 3712: 3708: 3693: 3689: 3677: 3675:"The Iron Wall" 3671: 3667: 3656: 3640: 3636: 3626: 3624: 3612: 3608: 3598: 3596: 3576: 3569: 3559: 3557: 3537: 3528: 3497: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3466: 3459: 3420: 3416: 3380: 3376: 3331: 3327: 3292: 3288: 3269: 3265: 3250: 3246: 3239: 3219: 3215: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3194: 3190: 3183: 3165: 3156: 3146: 3144: 3141:Middle East Eye 3134: 3133: 3129: 3092: 3088: 3067: 3063: 3053: 3051: 3043: 3042: 3035: 3020: 3016: 3004: 2998: 2991: 2958: 2954: 2947: 2929: 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848:Main articles: 810: 774: 740: 728: 718: 713: 637: 627:White Americans 621:Main articles: 619: 607:Western culture 580:in 1822 by the 563: 555:Main articles: 553: 497: 485:Main articles: 483: 452:Saguia al-Hamra 442:as part of the 417: 409:Main articles: 407: 363: 357: 344: 330: 234:Generalplan Ost 206:Andaman Islands 183: 174:Mahmood Mamdani 137: 96: 63:to exploit the 17: 12: 11: 5: 6772: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6734: 6733: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6689: 6683: 6681: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6673: 6668: 6666:Neocolonialism 6663: 6658: 6653: 6647: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6618: 6606: 6604: 6602:Decolonization 6598: 6597: 6595: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6514: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6476: 6474: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6391: 6389: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6363: 6361: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6317: 6315: 6314:Decolonization 6311: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6293:Southeast Asia 6285: 6284: 6283: 6273: 6267: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6225: 6223: 6216: 6212: 6211: 6208:neocolonialism 6204:decolonization 6196: 6195: 6188: 6181: 6173: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6144: 6142: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6096: 6094: 6090: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6061: 6060: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6004: 6003: 5998: 5988: 5983: 5977: 5975: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5933: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5916: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5889: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5877: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5771: 5770: 5769: 5764: 5754: 5749: 5748: 5747: 5742: 5732: 5731: 5730: 5725: 5715: 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3884:Israel Affairs 3871: 3852: 3845: 3825: 3823:, 5 April 2017 3808: 3796: 3779: 3773:, August 1995 3755: 3736: 3723: 3706: 3687: 3665: 3654: 3634: 3606: 3567: 3526: 3507:(4): 872–884. 3501:Israel Affairs 3488: 3457: 3414: 3374: 3347:(3): 593–616. 3325: 3286: 3263: 3244: 3238:978-0367437169 3237: 3213: 3199: 3188: 3181: 3154: 3127: 3108:(2): 217–236. 3086: 3061: 3033: 3014: 2989: 2952: 2945: 2939:. p. 52. 2923: 2904:(4): 932–963. 2886: 2879: 2854: 2849:United Nations 2836: 2815: 2784: 2763: 2744: 2737: 2715: 2708: 2684: 2677: 2655: 2609: 2603:978-1647920548 2602: 2576: 2550:(4): 567–583. 2530: 2509: 2490: 2471: 2436: 2414:978-0674492028 2413: 2381: 2355:(3): 521–547. 2335: 2287: 2246: 2200: 2174:(3): 340–353. 2154: 2137: 2098: 2067:(2): 115–130. 2045: 1991: 1984: 1964: 1941: 1921: 1909: 1907:, p. 253. 1894: 1882: 1856: 1827:(4): 387–409. 1811:Wolfe, Patrick 1793: 1783: 1762: 1755: 1735: 1708:(3): 629–642. 1692: 1665:(2): 290–296. 1638: 1610: 1593: 1531: 1506: 1475: 1456:(1): 125–144. 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4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4753: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4700: 4695: 4693: 4688: 4686: 4681: 4680: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4665: 4664: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4619: 4617:9780230284906 4613: 4609: 4605: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4491: 4490: 4484: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4468:Horne, Gerald 4466: 4464: 4463:9781583676639 4460: 4456: 4452: 4451: 4446: 4445:Horne, Gerald 4443: 4439: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4418:Belich, James 4415: 4411: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4370:Cox, Alicia. 4368: 4364: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4270: 4257: 4252: 4244: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4221: 4215:, p. 44. 4214: 4213:Veracini 2015 4209: 4201: 4197: 4190: 4182: 4169: 4158: 4151: 4142: 4135: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4111: 4103: 4099: 4092: 4085: 4084:Veracini 2013 4080: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4045: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3984: 3976: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3961: 3953: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3919: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3876: 3867: 3863: 3856: 3848: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3829: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3805: 3800: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3751: 3747: 3740: 3733: 3727: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3691: 3684: 3676: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3638: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3610: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3581: 3574: 3572: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3495: 3493: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3464: 3462: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3336: 3329: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3290: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3267: 3260:. p. 44. 3259: 3255: 3248: 3240: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3225: 3217: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3192: 3184: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3104:(in French). 3103: 3102: 3097: 3090: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3038: 3029: 3025: 3018: 3010: 3003: 2996: 2994: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2956: 2948: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2890: 2882: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2859: 2850: 2846: 2840: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2819: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2788: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2767: 2759: 2755: 2748: 2740: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2711: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2696: 2688: 2680: 2678:9781000788884 2674: 2670: 2666: 2659: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2613: 2605: 2599: 2595: 2594: 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April 2002. 2526: 2519: 2513: 2505: 2501: 2494: 2486: 2482: 2475: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2447: 2440: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2393: 2385: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2339: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2298: 2291: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2250: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2158: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2102: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2049: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2004: 1998: 1996: 1987: 1985:9780826362087 1981: 1977: 1976: 1968: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1945: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1925: 1919:, p. 35. 1918: 1917:Veracini 2015 1913: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1892:, p. 40. 1891: 1890:Veracini 2015 1886: 1871: 1867: 1860: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1790: 1786: 1780: 1777:. Routledge. 1776: 1772: 1766: 1758: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1739: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1696: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1627: 1626: 1621: 1614: 1607: 1606:Veracini 2013 1602: 1600: 1598: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1510: 1503: 1490: 1486: 1479: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1444: 1442: 1434: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1388: 1386: 1378: 1369: 1363: 1360:. p. 4. 1359: 1355: 1351: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1274: 1272: 1267: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1231: 1227: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1197: 1195: 1194: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1179:According to 1177: 1174: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1125: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1098: 1096: 1090: 1086: 1085:Han Taiwanese 1076: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1038: 1033: 1029: 1028:Russification 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 999: 997: 996:Jewish people 993: 989: 985: 981: 980:S. Ilan Troen 976: 974: 969: 968:Patrick Wolfe 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 933:Joseph Massad 930: 926: 922: 917: 913: 910: 906: 901: 899: 895: 894:Theodor Herzl 891: 887: 883: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 855: 851: 843: 839: 835: 834:Patrick Wolfe 831: 827: 823: 819: 814: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 783: 778: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 735: 733: 727: 723: 708: 705: 701: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 664: 662: 652: 645: 641: 636: 632: 628: 624: 617:United States 614: 612: 608: 604: 603:minority rule 599: 598:James Madison 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 574: 572: 568: 562: 558: 548: 546: 542: 537: 535: 531: 527: 523: 518: 513: 505: 501: 496: 492: 488: 478: 476: 472: 468: 463: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 438: 434: 426: 421: 416: 412: 402: 400: 396: 395:Spanish crown 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 371:conquistadors 368: 362: 348: 343: 339: 335: 325: 323: 319: 318:South Vietnam 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 290:North America 287: 283: 279: 275: 274:Latin America 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 254:Italian Libya 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 218:British Kenya 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 198:New Caledonia 192: 187: 178: 175: 170: 167: 165: 160: 158: 154: 150: 145: 143: 132: 130: 129:Donald Denoon 126: 125: 120: 119: 114: 109: 108:Patrick Wolfe 105: 101: 91: 89: 85: 81: 76: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 45: 43: 39: 35: 28: 23: 19: 6691: 6651:Independence 6438: 6387:Colonization 6263:Colonization 6253:World oceans 6200:Colonization 5907:Contemporary 5757:Indo-Persian 5745:Nazi Germany 5689:Contemporary 5591:Vijayanagara 5490:Great Seljuk 5401:Thessalonica 5329:Golden Horde 4969:Carthaginian 4748:Neo-Assyrian 4733:Neo-Sumerian 4668: 4648: 4629:. Springer. 4626: 4603: 4587:. PM Press. 4582: 4569: 4557:37.2: 23–34. 4551: 4531: 4508: 4487: 4471: 4448: 4422: 4395: 4383:. Retrieved 4375: 4348: 4325:. Retrieved 4305: 4301: 4274: 4258:, p. 1. 4251: 4227: 4220: 4208: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4168:cite journal 4150: 4141: 4133: 4126:. Retrieved 4117: 4110: 4101: 4091: 4079: 4054: 4050: 4044: 4032:. Retrieved 4028: 4018: 4010:j.ctt1w0dbpp 3989: 3983: 3959: 3952: 3935: 3931: 3925: 3917: 3912: 3887: 3883: 3865: 3855: 3835: 3828: 3811: 3799: 3782: 3758: 3745: 3739: 3726: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3696: 3690: 3681: 3668: 3659: 3644: 3637: 3625:. Retrieved 3619: 3609: 3597:. Retrieved 3583: 3558:. Retrieved 3544: 3504: 3500: 3479:. Retrieved 3475:The Atlantic 3473: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3383: 3377: 3344: 3340:Modern China 3338: 3328: 3303: 3299: 3289: 3272: 3266: 3253: 3247: 3223: 3216: 3202: 3191: 3173:Beacon Press 3168: 3145:. Retrieved 3139: 3130: 3105: 3099: 3089: 3081: 3073: 3064: 3052:. Retrieved 3048: 3027: 3017: 3008: 2967: 2961: 2955: 2932: 2926: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2866: 2839: 2830:The Guardian 2828: 2818: 2806:. Retrieved 2802:the original 2797: 2787: 2773: 2766: 2757: 2747: 2724: 2718: 2694: 2687: 2664: 2658: 2646:. Retrieved 2629:(1): 30–38. 2626: 2622: 2612: 2592: 2567:. Retrieved 2547: 2543: 2533: 2512: 2493: 2474: 2455: 2449: 2439: 2423:j.ctt1x07x37 2391: 2384: 2372:. Retrieved 2352: 2348: 2338: 2326:. Retrieved 2306: 2300: 2290: 2265: 2259: 2249: 2237:. Retrieved 2217: 2213: 2203: 2191:. Retrieved 2171: 2167: 2157: 2145: 2140: 2118:(4/1): 8–9. 2115: 2111: 2101: 2064: 2058: 2048: 2036:. Retrieved 2016: 2010: 1974: 1967: 1944: 1933: 1924: 1912: 1905:Mamdani 2020 1885: 1873:. Retrieved 1869: 1859: 1824: 1818: 1788: 1774: 1765: 1745: 1738: 1705: 1701: 1695: 1662: 1658: 1629:. Retrieved 1623: 1613: 1579:1887/3220822 1553: 1547: 1525: 1521: 1509: 1500: 1493:. Retrieved 1488: 1478: 1453: 1449: 1431: 1403: 1399: 1371: 1353: 1329: 1289: 1283: 1252:South Africa 1230: 1191: 1190:In his book 1189: 1184: 1178: 1170: 1154: 1134: 1092: 1069:Soviet Union 1066: 1060:, while the 1043: 977: 965: 953:Palestinians 919:through an " 908: 902: 898:Cecil Rhodes 879: 857: 787: 782:Qing dynasty 748:Sinicization 729: 704:Adolf Hitler 696: 665: 657: 575: 564: 538: 522:Commonwealth 509: 481:South Africa 464: 430: 375:Macaronesian 364: 314:South Africa 298:West Prussia 195: 171: 168: 161: 146: 138: 122: 116: 113:Fayez Sayegh 97: 77: 46: 36:occurs when 33: 32: 18: 6549:New Zealand 6414:Colonialism 6399:Imperialism 6359:Exploration 6222:Exploration 5495:Khwarezmian 5428:Carolingian 5233:Rashtrakuta 4937:Shaishunaga 4836:Hellenistic 4819:New Kingdom 4809:Old Kingdom 4653:Verso Books 4400:Pluto Press 4266:Works cited 3821:Antiwar.com 3750:Pluto Press 3683:population. 3430:(1): 9–19. 3306:(1): 5–34. 2970:: 211–214. 2019:(1): 1–26. 1522:Borderlands 1309:1885/204080 1292:(1): 1–20. 955:during the 871:anti-Israel 798:Han Chinese 448:Green March 425:Green March 415:Green March 282:New Zealand 258:East Africa 100:colonialism 88:New Zealand 6743:Categories 6699:Plantation 6524:Australian 6506:Portuguese 6472:modern era 6419:chronology 6305:Antarctica 6249:Antarctica 6065:Portuguese 5946:Revival Le 5936:Vietnamese 5579:Later Tran 5549:Vietnamese 5445:Singhasari 5433:Holy Roman 5057:Bulgarian 4993:Satavahana 4964:Phoenician 4900:Achaemenid 4861:Indo-Greek 4841:Macedonian 4755:Babylonian 4426:. Oxford: 4385:21 January 3748:. London: 3701:De Gruyter 3171:. Boston: 2777:(Thesis). 2084:1893/25105 1935:Al Jazeera 1495:19 October 1262:References 1165:Antiracism 1105:See also: 963:context. 939:describes 937:Ilan Pappé 914:describes 742:See also: 668:Pan-Indian 487:Afrikaners 332:See also: 38:colonizers 6616:in Europe 6554:Norwegian 6457:Dependent 6450:Current: 6395:Antiquity 6215:By region 6058:Couronian 5696:Ethiopian 5684:Manchukuo 5639:Brazilian 5485:Ghaznavid 5455:Srivijaya 5406:Trebizond 5391:Byzantine 5373:North Sea 5368:Norwegian 5356:Almoravid 5339:Ilkhanate 5309:Majapahit 5282:Muromachi 5191:Solomonic 5176:Ethiopian 5090:Caliphate 5023:Aragonese 4851:Ptolemaic 4574:Routledge 4539:, Mainz: 4353:Routledge 4322:159666130 4256:Dahl 2018 3904:216148316 3788:Routledge 3594:0362-4331 3555:0362-4331 3521:216148316 3452:233974395 3444:1875-9858 3402:1556-5068 3369:233620981 3361:0097-7004 3320:2667-0038 3229:Routledge 3122:0008-3968 2984:144750398 2918:152735090 2643:246652960 2564:159707103 2458:: 69–79. 2431:259606289 2369:197847093 2323:244607271 2234:165512037 2188:164009698 2150:Routledge 2124:1532-2874 2093:151527670 2033:165086773 1875:14 August 1851:143873621 1843:1462-3528 1730:0066-4812 1687:233986432 1679:1368-8790 1588:225643194 1470:2150-6779 1428:225377069 1420:1751-9020 1358:Routledge 1326:214046615 1318:1368-8790 1181:Chickasaw 1151:Responses 1101:Australia 900:in 1902. 830:West Bank 822:Palestine 545:Afrikaner 541:Apartheid 495:Apartheid 387:Lanzarote 338:Pied-Noir 270:Manchukuo 214:Australia 210:Argentina 149:genocidal 84:Australia 49:exogenous 6577:Japanese 6567:American 6519:American 6371:European 6321:Americas 6271:Americas 6229:Americas 6038:Japanese 6001:Scottish 5981:American 5973:Colonial 5902:Imperial 5870:Moroccan 5806:Japanese 5784:Afsharid 5643:Burmese 5629:Austrian 5584:Later Le 5559:Early Le 5544:Venetian 5470:Tiwanaku 5383:Hellenic 5346:Moroccan 5277:Kamakura 5267:Japanese 5250:Saffarid 5203:Georgian 5117:Chalukya 5095:Rashidun 5085:Calakmul 5053:Bruneian 4932:Haryanka 4910:Sasanian 4905:Parthian 4856:Bactrian 4846:Seleucid 4826:Goguryeo 4804:Egyptian 4738:Assyrian 4728:Akkadian 4719:Colonies 4647:(2016). 4420:(2009). 4347:(2021). 4071:25605315 3944:41050526 3275:: 1–22. 2808:21 April 2648:30 April 2282:24675261 2132:41555279 1813:(2006). 1702:Antipode 1631:28 April 1549:Antipode 1200:See also 1185:arrivant 1062:Cossacks 1048:and the 951:against 865:and the 790:Xinjiang 784:of China 391:Tenerife 306:Rhodesia 242:Hokkaido 181:Examples 153:genocide 42:settlers 6704:Settler 6587:Russian 6582:Ottoman 6572:Chinese 6559:Swedish 6534:Belgian 6511:Spanish 6501:Italian 6481:British 6470:in the 6429:empires 6424:history 6349:General 6336:Oceania 6300:Oceania 6244:Oceania 6105:largest 6100:Empires 6080:Swedish 6075:Spanish 6070:Russian 6033:Italian 6008:Chinese 5996:English 5991:British 5986:Belgian 5961:Vietnam 5951:Tay son 5897:Tsarist 5892:Russian 5887:Ottoman 5853:Dzungar 5848:Khoshut 5821:Mexican 5816:Maratha 5799:Pahlavi 5779:Safavid 5774:Iranian 5701:Haitian 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