1825:
1801:
36:
104:
819:
2058:
in parts of Puerto Rico, Honduras, and
Venezuela. A similar sound characterized as a "voiceless apico-or corono-post-dental slit fricative" has been observed in Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Colombia, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela; In these places, ceceo is a largely rural pronunciation and is often
1708:
By the early 1700s the six sibilant phonemes of medieval
Spanish had all merged into three phonemes in the dialects with this distinction and two phonemes elsewhere, but spelling still reflected the older pronunciation system. From 1726 to 1815 the RAE reformed spelling, resulting in a modern Spanish
2631:
Rabanal (1967) caracterizaba el seseo en el español de
Galicia como rasgo típico del occidente marinero, de Pontevedra y La Coruña, y observó que "los, más o menos numerosos y más o menos cultos y vulgares, gallegos que todavia sesean al hablar su lengua propia, o idioma regional gallego, sesean y
2668:[For its part, seseo occurs in a broad geographical area, among which are the two Castiles, Madrid, some Catalan-speaking areas, Asturias, Cantabria and the Basque Country stand out, as well as other countries and communities where Spanish is spoken (including those of Latin America).]
1217:. Subsequent changes to the sound system of Spanish retained the contrasts while enhancing the segments by increasing articulatory distance amongst their rather subtle acoustic contrasts, an appropriate step due to the high productivity of these phonemes in differentiating frequently used
2634:[Rabanal (1967) characterized seseo in Galician Spanish as a typical feature of the seafaring West, of Pontevedra and La Coruña, and observed that "the more or less numerous and more or less cultured and vulgar Galicians who speak with the seseo when speaking their own language, or
2338:) within the space of a few minutes. In fact, sociolinguistic variation is typically highly structured in terms of how often each variant will appear given various social and linguistic independent variables. The Spanish spoken by the inhabitants of the Canary Islands is exclusively
2665:
Por su parte, el seseo se da en una amplia extensión geográfica entre las que destacan las dos
Castillas, Madrid, algunas zonas catalano-hablantes, Asturias, Cantabria y el País Vasco, así como otros países y comunidades donde se habla español (incluidas las de
1447:
variety was the pronunciation that most impacted Latin
America, as many emigrants to the Americas were from Andalusian and Canarian ports. In addition, several generations of Spanish speakers had lived and grown in the Americas before
841:
are considered contrasting), more than any current dialect. During the 16th and early 17th centuries these phonemes merged differently as they evolved into those of the different modern dialects. There were four pairs of
715:
attributes the presence of the dental fricative to a
Spanish king with a lisp, the various realizations of these coronal fricatives are actually a result of historical processes that date to the 15th century.
2981:
2042:, and historically in two villages of southeastern Murcia. That said, Hualde reports that there is some evidence of the phenomenon in parts of Central America. A publication of the
1895:('hunt') would be pronounced with the same sound. This can result in ambiguity but can usually be interpreted depending on the context of which the sentence is spoken.
1709:
orthography which reflects the system with distinction. This distinction is universal in
Central and Northern parts of Spain, except for some bilingual speakers of
2922:
Brogan, Franny D.; Bolyanatz, Mariška A. (July 2018). "A sociophonetic account of onset /s/ weakening in
Salvadoran Spanish: Instrumental and segmental analyses".
3278:
2990:
1385:
gave rise to new fricatives that were indistinguishable from the existing ones. The process of increasing articulatory distance still applied, however, and
627:
588:
1602:(which split off from Castilian and other Peninsular varieties in the 15th century) was more conservative, resulting in a system closer to that of
2638:, also speak with the seseo for the same reason when speaking common Spanish: 'dose', 'lus', 'disir', 'conoser', 'rasión', 'empasar' (27).]
989:), keeping their phonemic distinction, while in the south they were homorganic. The first step away from that system was the deaffrication of
973:) was that, in the north, the dental/alveolar continuants were more retracted than the affricates (the former pair can be represented as
2253:). However, as, for instance, in the case of the variation between the standard velar nasal and alveolar pronunciation of the nasal in
1749:
3313:
1788:, as found in the rest of Peninsular Spanish, is native to the very northeastern regions of Almería, Granada and Jaén, to northern
1236:, also losing its former sibilance, all in all resulting in the three-way distinction of modern Standard Peninsular pronunciation:
969:
before the year 1500. The main difference between the prestige dialect of north central Spain and dialects to the south (such as
543:
1727:
581:
3240:
2142:
of
Andalusian and other dialects. The following table gives an example of the three pronunciation patterns discussed so far:
2408:
2274:
variation that inconsistent use has elicited evaluative comments by some traditional
Spanish dialectologists. For instance,
2419:
396:
146:
3079:
689:
174:
3217:
3068:
2859:
2658:
2624:
2310:
to refer to these "mixed" patterns, and notes surprise at a speaker who produced all four possible pronunciations of
2029:
798:
The misnomer "Castilian lisp" is used occasionally to refer to the presence of in Peninsular pronunciation (in both
574:
79:
57:
50:
646:
is one of the most prominent features distinguishing various dialect regions. The main three realizations are the
2367:
1972:
1174:
609:
155:
3144:
2878:
2372:
636:
519:
257:
2228:
1789:
1225:, losing its former sibilance in the process (which increased its acoustic distance to the remaining sibilant
3303:
3148:
202:
2119:
1901:
is the most widespread pronunciation among Spanish speakers worldwide and occurs in nearly all speakers in
1824:
1662:
822:
Historical development of the Spanish sibilants. Text is in Spanish; Roman numerals represent centuries AD.
671:
2871:
Hablar en español: la cortesía verbal, la pronunciación estandar del español, las formas de expresión oral
2578:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2173:
2101:
2018:
2014:
1842:
1838:
1785:
1781:
1761:
1757:
1745:
1741:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1550:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1449:
1408:
1404:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1233:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1136:
1121:
1117:
1094:
1078:
1060:
1045:
1029:
1025:
998:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
966:
962:
940:
936:
932:
924:
920:
912:
900:
888:
865:
861:
838:
834:
780:
776:
764:
734:
695:
655:
651:
623:
619:
2127:
2081:
2060:
1876:
1812:), while such contrast is absent in Latin America, the Canary Islands, and some parts of southern Spain (
1657:
2914:
Sociophonetically-based phonology: An Optimality Theoretic account of /s/ lenition in Salvadoran Spanish
1773:
3308:
2073:
1735:
1691:
1686:
1001:
in the prestige dialect of north central Spain, though it was a complete merger for southern dialects.
2889:
783:
that characterizes Standard Peninsular pronunciation. For example, a lisp would lead one to pronounce
3298:
2632:
por lo mismo al hablar el español común: 'dose', 'lus', 'disir', 'conoser', 'rasión', 'empesar" (27).
2596:
2125:
2117:
2079:
2071:
1847:
1733:
1725:
1689:
1660:
687:
669:
214:
3273:
1437:), perceptually similar to the apicoalveolar used by Standard Peninsular speakers for orthographic
742:
3140:
301:
44:
2268:), the switching may be entirely unconscious. It is perhaps evidence of the saliency of three-way
2100:'all' (singular)). Salvadoran Spanish occasionally weakens, but almost never completely deletes,
1800:
524:
246:
219:
1956:
1912:
908:
605:
61:
1948:
1765:
750:
2590:
1853:
1721:, as well as some bilingual speakers of Galician whose dialect has this trait (but not all).
994:
795:('hundred') the same (as ) whereas in standard peninsular Spanish they are pronounced and .
662:
557:
336:
17:
1975:, as well as among some first-language Catalan-speakers. Traditional dialect atlases (e.g.,
2352:
is quite rare in mainland Spain – even in areas, such as Seville, listed as being majority
2043:
403:
231:
169:
2989:(in Spanish), Hispanoteca, Institut für Romanistik, Universität Innsbruck., archived from
8:
2951:
Dalbor, John B. (1980). "Observations on Present-Day Seseo and Ceceo in Southern Spain".
2105:
1960:
1940:
1769:
1603:
562:
408:
361:
316:
241:
192:
141:
3279:
An explanation of the development of Mediæval Spanish sibilants in Castile and Andalusia
1952:
1400:
3229:
3206:
3192:
3129:
3047:
2968:
2939:
2109:
2067:
2039:
1805:
1777:
1426:
970:
855:
433:
418:
391:
381:
376:
371:
366:
341:
331:
266:
226:
2116:, this is the result of a gestural undershoot. It is on an acoustic continuum between
1197:
previously. This sound contrasted with two acoustically similar sounds: dentoalveolar
3236:
3213:
3064:
3039:
2943:
2874:
2855:
2696:
2654:
2635:
2620:
2377:
1668:
1430:
1407:
developed into a non-sibilant apico-dental , perceptually similar to the interdental
847:
640:
428:
326:
311:
296:
276:
134:
129:
111:
3284:
A recording of the sibilants as they would have been pronounced in medieval Spanish
3283:
3184:
3121:
3096:
3091:
3029:
2960:
2931:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2306:
2293:
2005:
1936:
1902:
1871:
1710:
1672:
1615:
1433:), the resulting phoneme developed a predorsal alveolar realization (like English
851:
754:
423:
386:
346:
291:
286:
281:
209:
95:
2280:
and ] and the use of intermediate sounds impossible to determine with precision".
1792:, not including the provincial capital, and to a small region of northern Huelva.
2582:
2423:
2412:
2250:
1944:
1714:
1643:
1622:) refers to the differentiated pronunciation of the two Spanish phonemes written
1599:
1230:
944:
413:
356:
351:
306:
183:
1837:
In most Spanish-speaking regions and countries the phonemic distinction between
791:
785:
1928:
499:
271:
2935:
2416:
2405:
2092:'all' (plural) as , more usually pronounced or (the latter homophonous with
702:
680:
3292:
3043:
2052:
can be found in Argentina and Chile. Other linguists have noticed the use of
480:
321:
236:
197:
3034:
3017:
2912:
2341:
1891:
1885:
2653:(in Spanish). Universidad de Cádiz, Servicio de Publicaciones. p. 45.
1985:
is considered "more socially acceptable or perhaps 'less substandard' than
1218:
745:
to the rest of the population. This myth has been discredited by scholars.
730:
712:
442:
3120:(3), American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese: 368–373,
3139:
2702:
2602:
1845:
does not exist. These varieties of Spanish are sometimes said to exhibit
164:
103:
3183:(1). American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese: 60–67.
3051:
2009:(sometimes transcribed in English sources according to pronunciation as
504:
2959:(1). American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese: 5–19.
534:
3196:
3133:
2972:
2108:
positions, and this allophone is more common in onset positions than
818:
2022:
2013:) is a phenomenon found in a few dialects of southern Spain in which
1968:
1932:
885:
858:
843:
643:
552:
529:
509:
2384:
471:
466:
456:
3188:
3125:
2964:
1964:
827:
615:
514:
3112:
Lundeberg, Olav K. (1947), "What Is Ceceo? Inquiry and Proposal",
1979:) show one variant or another used in adjacent regions. In Spain,
2025:
993:
in the first quarter of the 16th century. Because of a differing
830:
647:
489:
833:: seven by some accounts, eight by others (depending on whether
3263:
3257:
2575:
494:
27:
Phonemic distinction between /θ/ and /s/ historically and today
2792:
3175:
Obaid, Antonio H. (1973). "The Vagaries of the Spanish 'S'".
2708:
2078:-like fricative in the syllable instead of the usual glottal
826:
In the 15th century, Spanish had developed a large number of
461:
1740:. That said, in most regions of Andalusia which distinguish
763:). However, Peter reigned in the 14th century and the sound
737:
in Spanish can be traced to a Spanish king who spoke with a
686:), or, less commonly, the presence of only a denti-alveolar
1221:. The dentoalveolar one was moved "forward" to interdental
772:
738:
875:
775:
would not give rise to the systematic distinction between
2780:
2603:
Navarro Tomás, Espinosa & Rodríguez-Castellano (1933)
2231:
in usage. In some cases, this variation may arise when a
2032:, a sibilant sounding somewhat like , but not identical.
1393:
in the south just as it did in the north. In a number of
1381:
In the south, the devoicing process and deaffrication of
2545:
2492:
1905:. While it is a minority pronunciation in Spain itself,
1724:
In most of Spain, this distinction is between an apical
3235:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2619:(in Spanish). Georgetown University Press. p. 72.
2511:
2509:
2507:
2458:
2456:
2756:
2744:
2533:
1425:
areas (particularly in the westernmost provinces like
1411:
used by Standard Peninsular speakers for orthographic
2768:
2468:
1883:
with both being realized as . For example, the words
3018:"El español de Honduras a través de su bibliografía"
2979:
2804:
2684:
2557:
2521:
2504:
2480:
2453:
2441:
2021:
are not distinguished and there is only one coronal
1399:
areas (particularly the southernmost provinces like
1209:, too, had deaffricated and merged with the earlier
614:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2828:
2816:
2672:
2132:, representing an intermediate degree of lenition.
749:traces the origins of the legend to a chronicle of
3228:
3205:
2732:
2720:
2429:
1229:), and the prepalatal one was moved "backward" to
2243:speaker more or less consciously attempts to use
109:
3290:
3063:. Cambridge, UK/NY: Cambridge University Press.
2868:
2714:
2648:
1951:also notes the existence of seseo in pockets in
1189:remained contrastive with its new pronunciation
628:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
2921:
2798:
2278:discussed it as "sporadic or chaotic switching
3080:"Sobre el Ceceo y el Seseo en Hispanoamérica"
2917:(PhD). University of California, Los Angeles.
2651:Español coloquial: pragmática de lo cotidiano
2382:
2353:
2347:
2339:
2298:
2285:
2269:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2222:
2216:
2158:
2150:
2137:
2094:
2087:
2053:
2047:
2033:
1999:
1986:
1980:
1922:
1916:
1906:
1896:
1865:
1828:
1479:
1471:
1442:
1420:
1394:
1255:
805:
799:
758:
582:
2983:Ceceo y seseo – Origen y evolución histórica
2852:Atlas lingüístico y etnográfico de Andalucía
1911:is considered standard in all varieties of
3015:
2890:"Historia del ceceo y del seseo españoles"
2869:Alvarez Menéndez, Alfredo Ignacio (2005).
2762:
1780:, while the distinction between an apical
767:began to develop in the 16th century (see
589:
575:
3212:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3111:
3095:
3033:
2614:
2249:in response to sociolinguistic pressure (
1880:
768:
746:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
2617:El español en contacto con otras lenguas
2038:is found primarily in some varieties of
1823:
1799:
817:
733:claims that the prevalence of the sound
43:This article includes a list of general
813:
14:
3291:
3077:
3058:
3006:
2950:
2910:
2887:
2822:
2810:
2786:
2774:
2750:
2738:
2726:
2690:
2678:
2527:
2515:
2498:
2486:
2462:
2447:
2275:
2133:
2113:
1947:). Victoriano Gaviño Rodríguez of the
1795:
1718:
1193:, because there had been no voiceless
3226:
3203:
3174:
2849:
2834:
2649:Gaviño Rodríguez, Victoriano (2008).
2615:Klee, Carol A; Lynch, Andrew (2009).
2563:
2551:
2539:
2474:
2435:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2305:
2292:
2281:
2004:
1976:
1870:
1753:
3022:Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica
2980:Fernández López, Justo (1999–2007),
1756:, the distinction between a laminal
1598:The development of the sibilants in
618:. For the distinction between ,
29:
3147:; Rodríguez-Castellano, L. (1933).
1177:of voiced sibilants. In the north,
724:
24:
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3325:
3270:Diccionario panhispánico de dudas
3250:
3231:A History of the Spanish Language
2587:Diccionario panhispánico de dudas
2210:
2030:voiceless denti-alveolar sibilant
1875:is a lack of distinction between
1851:('neutralization') as opposed to
741:, whose pronunciation spread via
668:), the presence of only alveolar
2086:, , or phonetic zero, rendering
1213:that had already developed from
102:
34:
3314:History of the Spanish language
3208:Variation and change in Spanish
3145:Espinosa, Aurelio Macedonio Jr.
2642:
2608:
2569:
2368:History of the Spanish language
1927:in parts of Spain (e.g. in the
1037:before ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩; ⟨j⟩ elsewhere
610:International Phonetic Alphabet
3097:10.5195/reviberoamer.1956.1679
2398:
2373:Spanish dialects and varieties
2284:proposes the synonymous terms
1609:
923:; and postalveolar fricatives
13:
1:
3156:Revista de Filología Española
3059:Hualde, Jose Ignacio (2005).
3016:Herranz H., Atanasio (1990).
2924:Language Variation and Change
2799:Brogan & Bolyanatz (2018)
2392:
1748:, the distinction involves a
1111:voiced affricate → fricative
1019:voiced affricate → fricative
997:, this still contrasted with
965:deaffricated and merged with
961:elsewhere. It is likely that
2605:, pp. 227–229, 258–260.
1135:
1116:
1093:
1077:
1059:
1044:
1024:
903:(intervocalic only, spelled
7:
2361:
1943:, and the western coast of
1935:, historically in southern
1658:voiceless alveolar sibilant
1102:in syllable onset or coda;
10:
3330:
2911:Brogan, Franny D. (2018).
2843:
2636:Galician regional language
1808:dialects have / contrast (
1687:voiceless dental fricative
719:
3149:"La frontera del andaluz"
2936:10.1017/S0954394518000066
2873:. Universidad de Oviedo.
2229:sociolinguistic variation
2201:
2189:
2136:identifies this with the
1574:
1569:
1560:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1352:
1343:
1329:
1320:
1113:
1074:
1021:
3204:Penny, Ralph J. (2000).
2897:Centro Virtual Cervantes
1994:
1860:
1458:Original 6-way contrast
1242:Original 6-way contrast
1173:The second step was the
3078:Lapesa, Rafael (1969).
3035:10.24201/nrfh.v38i1.773
3011:. Cambridge: MIT Press.
2854:. Madrid: Arco Libros.
2715:Alvarez Menéndez (2005)
2227:dialects in Spain show
1452:appeared in Castilian.
606:phonetic transcriptions
110:
64:more precise citations.
3274:Real Academia Española
3084:Revista Iberoamericana
3007:Harris, James (1969).
2888:Alonso, Amado (1951).
2850:Alvar, Manuel (1991).
2383:
2354:
2348:
2340:
2299:
2286:
2271:ceceo-seseo-distinción
2270:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2223:
2217:
2159:
2151:
2138:
2095:
2088:
2070:, some speakers use a
2054:
2048:
2034:
2000:
1987:
1981:
1923:
1917:
1913:Latin American Spanish
1907:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1866:
1852:
1846:
1834:
1829:
1821:
1619:
1480:
1472:
1443:
1421:
1395:
1256:
823:
806:
800:
790:
784:
759:
701:
679:
661:
603:This article contains
535:Palenquero or Palenque
530:Chavacano or Chabacano
3227:Penny, Ralph (2002).
3061:The Sounds of Spanish
2591:Royal Spanish Academy
1827:
1803:
1764:is native to most of
1251:Deaffrication 2
1245:Deaffrication 1
995:place of articulation
821:
639:, the realization of
3304:Fricative consonants
3141:Navarro Tomás, Tomás
2044:University of Oviedo
1133:voiceless affricate
1091:voiceless fricative
1057:voiceless affricate
1042:voiceless fricative
814:Historical evolution
771:). Moreover, a true
650:distinction between
637:Spanish dialectology
108:A manuscript of the
2789:, pp. 104–105.
2703:Navarro Tomás et al
2554:, pp. 213–214.
2501:, pp. 216–217.
2335:[saɾaˈɣoθa]
2329:[θaɾaˈɣosa]
2323:[saɾaˈɣosa]
2317:[θaɾaˈɣoθa]
2112:ones. According to
1961:Community of Madrid
1949:University of Cádiz
1915:. It coexists with
1833:in European Spanish
1796:Lack of distinction
895:when intervocalic,
884:); dental/alveolar
757:"lisped a little" (
751:Pero López de Ayala
694:that is similar to
563:Instituto Cervantes
2581:2021-09-26 at the
2422:2014-07-13 at the
2411:2014-08-30 at the
2040:Andalusian Spanish
1957:Castilla–La Mancha
1835:
1822:
1806:Peninsular Spanish
1698:⟨th⟩
1671:as in English, or
1201:and apicoalveolar
1104:⟨ss⟩
1066:⟨ch⟩
981:and the latter as
971:Andalusian Spanish
917:⟨ch⟩
893:⟨ss⟩
824:
743:prestige borrowing
3309:Spanish phonology
3242:978-0-521-01184-6
3009:Spanish Phonology
2763:Herranz H. (1990)
2542:, pp. 27–28.
2477:, pp. 86–87.
2404:See for instance
2378:Spanish phonology
2215:Many speakers of
2208:
2207:
1683:⟨c⟩
1679:⟨z⟩
1654:⟨s⟩
1646:⟨c⟩
1640:⟨i⟩
1636:⟨e⟩
1632:⟨c⟩
1628:⟨z⟩
1624:⟨s⟩
1596:
1595:
1590:⟨i⟩
1586:⟨e⟩
1582:⟨g⟩
1578:⟨j⟩
1544:⟨s⟩
1540:⟨i⟩
1536:⟨e⟩
1532:⟨c⟩
1528:⟨z⟩
1439:⟨s⟩
1435:⟨s⟩
1417:⟨z⟩
1413:⟨c⟩
1379:
1378:
1373:⟨i⟩
1369:⟨e⟩
1365:⟨g⟩
1361:⟨j⟩
1338:⟨s⟩
1314:⟨i⟩
1310:⟨e⟩
1306:⟨c⟩
1302:⟨z⟩
1227:⟨s⟩
1171:
1170:
1166:⟨u⟩
1162:⟨o⟩
1158:⟨a⟩
1154:⟨ç⟩
1150:⟨i⟩
1146:⟨e⟩
1142:⟨c⟩
1127:⟨z⟩
1100:⟨s⟩
1085:⟨s⟩
1072:voiced fricative
1051:⟨x⟩
1035:⟨g⟩
959:⟨j⟩
954:⟨i⟩
950:⟨e⟩
946:⟨g⟩
929:⟨x⟩
905:⟨s⟩
897:⟨s⟩
882:⟨z⟩
870:⟨c⟩
760:"ceceaba un poco"
599:
598:
112:Cantar de mio Cid
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
3321:
3299:Spanish dialects
3246:
3234:
3223:
3211:
3200:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3153:
3136:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3074:
3055:
3037:
3012:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2995:
2988:
2976:
2947:
2918:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2894:
2884:
2865:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2753:, pp. 5–19.
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2666:Hispanoamérica).
2646:
2640:
2639:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2402:
2388:
2357:
2351:
2346:, but exclusive
2345:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2309:
2307:[seˈθeo]
2304:
2296:
2294:[θeˈseo]
2291:
2279:
2273:
2266:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2226:
2220:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2175:
2162:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2131:
2123:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2085:
2077:
2057:
2051:
2046:also notes that
2037:
2028:realized as the
2020:
2016:
2008:
2006:[θeˈθeo]
2003:
1990:
1984:
1953:Castile and León
1926:
1920:
1910:
1903:Hispanic America
1900:
1874:
1872:[seˈseo]
1869:
1844:
1840:
1832:
1787:
1783:
1763:
1759:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1699:
1695:
1684:
1680:
1666:
1655:
1647:
1642:, the so-called
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1475:
1467:Deaffrication 2
1461:Deaffrication 1
1455:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1086:
1080:
1067:
1062:
1052:
1047:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1004:
1003:
1000:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
968:
964:
960:
955:
951:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
883:
879:
871:
867:
863:
840:
836:
809:
803:
782:
778:
766:
762:
755:Peter of Castile
753:which says that
747:Lundeberg (1947)
736:
725:Castilian 'lisp'
697:
693:
675:
657:
653:
625:
621:
591:
584:
577:
302:Central American
115:
106:
96:Spanish language
92:
91:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3289:
3288:
3253:
3243:
3220:
3165:
3163:
3151:
3102:
3100:
3090:(41): 409–416.
3071:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2901:
2899:
2892:
2881:
2862:
2846:
2841:
2833:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2809:
2805:
2797:
2793:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2661:
2647:
2643:
2627:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2583:Wayback Machine
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2514:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2473:
2469:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2424:Wayback Machine
2413:Wayback Machine
2403:
2399:
2395:
2364:
2264:
2251:hypercorrection
2213:
1997:
1863:
1798:
1776:, and northern
1752:. According to
1717:, according to
1697:
1682:
1678:
1653:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1612:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1438:
1434:
1416:
1412:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1337:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1226:
1185:were lost, but
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1126:
1106:between vowels
1103:
1099:
1084:
1065:
1050:
1034:
958:
953:
949:
945:
928:
916:
904:
899:otherwise) vs.
896:
892:
881:
873:
869:
816:
789:('I feel') and
727:
722:
633:
632:
631:
595:
525:Roquetas Pidgin
247:irregular verbs
117:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3327:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3252:
3251:External links
3249:
3248:
3247:
3241:
3224:
3218:
3201:
3189:10.2307/339038
3172:
3158:(in Spanish).
3137:
3126:10.2307/333415
3109:
3075:
3069:
3056:
3013:
3004:
2977:
2965:10.2307/340806
2948:
2930:(2): 203–230.
2919:
2908:
2885:
2879:
2866:
2860:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2827:
2815:
2803:
2801:, p. 204.
2791:
2779:
2777:, p. 154.
2767:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2683:
2671:
2659:
2641:
2625:
2607:
2595:
2568:
2566:, p. 120.
2556:
2544:
2532:
2530:, p. 214.
2520:
2518:, p. 210.
2503:
2491:
2489:, p. 209.
2479:
2467:
2465:, p. 213.
2452:
2450:, p. 208.
2440:
2428:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2363:
2360:
2212:
2211:Ceseo or seceo
2209:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2156:
2148:
1996:
1993:
1973:Basque Country
1929:Canary Islands
1889:('house') and
1862:
1859:
1848:neutralización
1797:
1794:
1706:
1705:
1676:
1611:
1608:
1594:
1593:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1547:
1546:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1377:
1376:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1318:
1317:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1169:
1168:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1076:
1075:apicoalveolar
1073:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1007:
815:
812:
726:
723:
721:
718:
626:⟩, see
602:
601:
600:
597:
596:
594:
593:
586:
579:
571:
568:
567:
566:
565:
560:
555:
547:
546:
540:
539:
538:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
500:Judaeo-Spanish
497:
492:
484:
483:
481:Interlanguages
477:
476:
475:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
446:
445:
439:
438:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
400:
399:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
261:
260:
254:
253:
252:
251:
250:
249:
244:
234:
229:
224:
223:
222:
217:
207:
206:
205:
195:
187:
186:
180:
179:
178:
177:
172:
167:
159:
158:
152:
151:
150:
149:
144:
139:
138:
137:
124:
123:
119:
118:
116:, 13th century
107:
99:
98:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3326:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3244:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3221:
3219:9780521780452
3215:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3070:0-521-54538-2
3066:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3005:
2996:on 2018-06-17
2992:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2909:
2898:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2861:9788476351062
2857:
2853:
2848:
2847:
2837:, p. 63.
2836:
2831:
2824:
2823:Dalbor (1980)
2819:
2813:, p. 84.
2812:
2811:Brogan (2018)
2807:
2800:
2795:
2788:
2787:Brogan (2018)
2783:
2776:
2775:Hualde (2005)
2771:
2764:
2759:
2752:
2751:Dalbor (1980)
2747:
2740:
2739:Lapesa (1969)
2735:
2728:
2727:Alonso (1951)
2723:
2716:
2711:
2704:
2699:
2693:, p. 22.
2692:
2691:Dalbor (1980)
2687:
2680:
2679:Dalbor (1980)
2675:
2667:
2662:
2660:9788498282252
2656:
2652:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2626:9781589016088
2622:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2593:(in Spanish).
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2528:Harris (1969)
2524:
2517:
2516:Harris (1969)
2512:
2510:
2508:
2500:
2499:Harris (1969)
2495:
2488:
2487:Harris (1969)
2483:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2463:Harris (1969)
2459:
2457:
2449:
2448:Harris (1969)
2444:
2438:, p. 86.
2437:
2432:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2406:Linguist List
2401:
2397:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2276:Dalbor (1980)
2272:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2163:('the hunt')
2161:
2157:
2155:('the house')
2153:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2121:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1831:
1826:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1793:
1791:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1755:
1751:
1737:
1732:and a dental
1729:
1722:
1720:
1719:Hualde (2005)
1716:
1712:
1703:
1693:
1688:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1659:
1656:represents a
1652:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1634:(only before
1621:
1617:
1614:Distinction (
1607:
1605:
1601:
1576:
1559:
1549:
1548:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1445:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1402:
1397:
1389:retracted to
1359:
1357:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1319:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1220:
1219:minimal pairs
1176:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1125:
1110:
1109:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1083:intervocalic
1082:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1022:postalveolar
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:Pronunciation
1010:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1002:
996:
972:
956:
943:were spelled
910:
887:
877:
860:
857:
853:
849:
845:
832:
829:
820:
811:
808:
802:
796:
794:
793:
788:
787:
774:
770:
761:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
732:
729:A persistent
717:
714:
709:
707:
706:
705:
704:
691:
685:
684:
683:
682:
673:
667:
666:
665:
664:
649:
645:
642:
638:
629:
617:
613:
611:
607:
592:
587:
585:
580:
578:
573:
572:
570:
569:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
549:
548:
545:
542:
541:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
486:
485:
482:
479:
478:
473:
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2991:the original
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2896:
2870:
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2835:Obaid (1973)
2830:
2825:, p. 7.
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443:Dialectology
404:Puerto Rican
232:Prepositions
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2134:Brogan 2018
2114:Brogan 2018
2068:El Salvador
2061:stigmatized
1610:Distinction
1205:. By 1600,
911:affricates
850:sibilants:
409:Rioplatense
362:New Mexican
317:Costa Rican
242:conjugation
193:Determiners
142:Orthography
62:introducing
3293:Categories
3166:19 October
3000:2018-06-16
2880:3896577719
2393:References
2246:distinción
2203:/laˈkas̟a/
2169:Distinción
1971:, and the
1939:, western
1931:, much of
1918:distinción
1854:distinción
1830:Distinción
1810:distinción
1772:, most of
1768:, eastern
1620:distinción
1604:Portuguese
1464:Devoicing
1257:distinción
1248:Devoicing
886:fricatives
859:affricates
801:distinción
663:distinción
644:fricatives
434:Venezuelan
419:Salvadoran
392:Philippine
382:Peninsular
377:Panamanian
367:Nicaraguan
342:Guatemalan
332:Ecuadorian
267:Andalusian
227:Adjectives
175:Influences
45:references
3044:0185-0121
2944:149803757
2902:March 18,
2417:About.com
2191:/laˈkasa/
2179:/laˈkaθa/
2174:/laˈkasa/
2023:fricative
1969:Cantabria
1933:Andalusia
1681:and soft
1175:devoicing
927:(spelled
915:(spelled
891:(spelled
868:(spelled
844:voiceless
711:While an
553:Hispanism
510:Spanglish
429:Uruguayan
327:Dominican
312:Colombian
297:Caribbean
277:Argentine
70:June 2008
3177:Hispania
3114:Hispania
3052:40298986
2953:Hispania
2579:Archived
2420:Archived
2409:Archived
2362:See also
2355:seseante
2342:seseante
2312:Zaragoza
1965:Asturias
1667:(either
1584:(before
1534:(before
1503:– /s/ +
1367:(before
1308:(before
1114:coronal
878:⟩
874:⟨
856:alveolar
831:phonemes
828:sibilant
648:phonemic
620:/ /
616:Help:IPA
544:Teaching
515:Castrapo
505:Portuñol
424:Standard
387:Peruvian
372:Paraguay
347:Honduran
292:Canarian
287:Bolivian
282:Belizean
258:Dialects
215:personal
210:Pronouns
122:Overview
3272:of the
3268:in the
3103:May 14,
2844:Sources
2261:versus
2259:walking
2160:La caza
2152:La casa
2026:phoneme
2011:thetheo
1945:Galicia
1941:Badajoz
1790:Córdoba
1770:Granada
1766:Almería
1750:laminal
1711:Catalan
1669:laminal
1644:"soft"
1616:Spanish
1478:Modern
1470:Modern
1441:. This
1427:Seville
1254:Modern
1156:before
1144:before
948:before
935:. Both
846:versus
720:Origins
641:coronal
608:in the
520:Creoles
490:Llanito
414:Saharan
357:Murcian
352:Mexican
307:Chilean
184:Grammar
156:History
58:improve
3239:
3216:
3197:339038
3195:
3134:333415
3132:
3067:
3050:
3042:
2973:340806
2971:
2942:
2877:
2858:
2657:
2623:
2385:Yeísmo
2263:walkin
1959:, the
1937:Murcia
1778:Huelva
1715:Basque
1673:apical
1600:Ladino
1431:Huelva
1290:/t͡s̪/
1281:/t͡s̪/
1272:/t͡s̪/
1268:/d͡z̪/
1207:/t͡s̪/
1199:/t͡s̪/
1137:/t͡s̪/
1118:/d͡z̪/
991:/d͡z̪/
987:/d͡z̪/
983:/t͡s̪/
957:, and
931:) vs.
919:) vs.
852:dental
848:voiced
792:ciento
786:siento
624:
495:Jopara
472:Loísmo
467:Leísmo
457:Yeísmo
397:status
272:Andean
220:object
203:gender
170:Middle
135:stress
47:, but
3265:ceceo
3259:seseo
3193:JSTOR
3152:(PDF)
3130:JSTOR
3048:JSTOR
2994:(PDF)
2987:(PDF)
2969:JSTOR
2940:S2CID
2893:(PDF)
2576:Seseo
2349:seseo
2301:seceo
2288:ceseo
2265:'
2240:seseo
2234:ceceo
2224:seseo
2218:ceceo
2198:Ceceo
2186:Seseo
2139:ceceo
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2126:[
2122:]
2118:[
2106:onset
2089:todos
2084:]
2080:[
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2072:[
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2049:ceceo
2035:Ceceo
2001:Ceceo
1995:Ceceo
1988:ceceo
1982:seseo
1924:ceceo
1908:seseo
1898:Seseo
1867:Seseo
1861:Seseo
1818:ceceo
1814:seseo
1804:Most
1738:]
1734:[
1730:]
1726:[
1702:think
1696:(the
1496:/t͡s/
1492:/d͡z/
1481:ceceo
1473:seseo
1444:seseo
1422:seseo
1419:. In
1401:Cádiz
1396:ceceo
1383:/t͡s/
1231:velar
1061:/t͡ʃ/
963:/d͡ʒ/
937:/d͡ʒ/
921:/d͡ʒ/
913:/t͡ʃ/
866:/d͡z/
862:/t͡s/
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807:ceceo
769:below
703:ceceo
692:]
688:[
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674:]
670:[
612:(IPA)
462:Voseo
452:Seseo
322:Cuban
237:Verbs
198:Nouns
147:Names
18:Seseo
3262:and
3237:ISBN
3214:ISBN
3168:2022
3105:2016
3065:ISBN
3040:ISSN
2904:2016
2875:ISBN
2856:ISBN
2655:ISBN
2621:ISBN
2415:and
2332:and
2297:and
2255:-ing
2221:and
2124:and
2110:coda
2096:todo
2017:and
1921:and
1892:caza
1886:casa
1879:and
1841:and
1784:and
1774:Jaén
1760:and
1744:and
1713:and
1626:and
1514:/ts/
1505:/ts/
1429:and
1409:/θ̟/
1331:/s̺/
1326:/s̺/
1322:/z̺/
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1181:and
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939:and
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864:vs.
837:and
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779:and
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654:and
3185:doi
3122:doi
3092:doi
3030:doi
2961:doi
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2237:or
2104:in
2102:/s/
2066:In
2019:/θ/
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