Second Battle of Gaza

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the Gaza to Beersheba road at 08:30, forcing an artillery gun to withdraw. A member of the Signal Section twice successfully climbed telegraph poles and cut the line, before being killed during a third attempt by an artillery shell. The left section of the 10th Battalion London Regiment became completely isolated from the right section when a gap of 800 yards (730 m) formed between the two sections of the battalion. They had also advanced out of sight of the 156th Brigade (52nd Division) on their left, and although their exposed left flank on the Wadi Mukaddeme was partly covered by the advance of two machine gun sections, the left section of the 10th Battalion was "hopelessly exposed." Subsequently, the 52nd (Lowland) Division advanced their right to ease the situation, but the advanced group was eventually forced to withdraw back across the road when two Ottoman battalions counterattacked strongly. They were forced back another 600 yards (550 m) before supporting machine guns in the Wadi Mukaddeme stopped the counterattack. Meanwhile, the right half of the 10th Battalion London Regiment had kept touch with the 4th Battalion Northamptonshire Regiment, which was held up 500 yards (460 m) from Ottoman trenches. A small party from the Northamptonshire Regiment, including Lewis gunners, attacked a parapet, shooting Ottoman soldiers defenders at point blank range, "but this small party was eventually destroyed."

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Mounted Division), although the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigades was to be prepared for a mounted attack. As the New Zealanders advanced with four machine guns under cover of fire from the Ayrshire Battery, the right of the mounted brigade was being forced back by the machine gun fire of an Ottoman battalion on the ridge. The New Zealanders took the pressure off the 5th Mounted Brigade, supported at one point by effective fire from two and a half Horse Artillery Batteries. The Somerset and Ayrshire Batteries and all available machine guns concentrated fire on Sausage Ridge, while the Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment captured the southern end of the ridge. However, Ottoman fire from Hairpin redoubt at the northern end of Sausage Ridge near the Gaza to Beersheba road stopped their advance. At this stage, the Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment was ordered to reinforce the Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment and the 5th Mounted Brigade. At around noon, the remainder of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade advanced at the trot, with the Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment on the left. Although hostile aircraft bombed them and artillery fire also caused severe casualties, the machine guns were placed in positions between 1,000 to 1,600 yards (910 to 1,460 m) from the Hairpin redoubt to produce effective fire, with advancing Ottoman troops only 400 yards (370 m) away.

1767:, no more ground was gained during fighting, which saw the Hampshires also suffer very heavy losses. Meanwhile, at 09:00 the tank, followed by part of the 5th Battalion Norfolk Regiment on the right, entered a redoubt, capturing 20 prisoners and killing others of the hostile garrison. The fire from several hostile artillery batteries was concentrated on the redoubt, destroying the tank and killing most of the infantrymen. So many casualties were suffered by this battalion that they were unable to withstand a strong counterattack, during which the survivors were captured. The few who managed to escape were forced back to the ridge from which they had launched their attack. These three battalions lost 1,500 men, including two commanding officers and all twelve company commanders. At 13:00 the 161st (Essex) Brigade was ordered to reinforce the line held by the 163rd Brigade. Subsequently, the 5th Battalion 1531:(5th Mounted Brigade) cut the telegraph line between Hairpin and Hareira redoubts, taking out 100 yards (91 m) of line and removing the insulators. Meanwhile, the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade (Anzac Mounted Division) drove in an Ottoman outpost, during their advance towards Hareira. The Anzac Mounted Division, "watched the country to the south east", during the day while being frequently bombed. Field ambulances in the rear were also bombed. The Imperial Mounted Division remained at Desert Column headquarters at Tel el Jemmi. From noon, the New Zealanders held a line near Im Siri on the Shellal to Beersheba road, from where they saw a great deal of movement around Tel esh Sheria, and the Beersheba to Ramleh railway viaduct at Irgeig. At dusk the 22nd Mounted Brigade of yeomanry continued to hold the outpost line, while the remainder of the Anzac Mounted Division retired to Shellal to water. 1646:, but most of the officers and NCOs were casualties. By the time Samson Ridge was captured, a 2nd Lieutenant was in command of the battalion. They also captured 39 prisoners. Subsequently, the 159th Brigade captured Sheikh Ajlin on the coast without difficulty, while a counterattack on Samson Ridge against the 160th Brigade was unsuccessful. The division suffered 600 casualties, most of them during the fighting for Samson Ridge, but were unable to advance further until the 52nd (Lowland) Division came up to protect their right flank. The official British historian was critical of this division: "It appears that the men of the 53rd Division still felt the effects of their losses, disappointments and fatigue in the battle fought three weeks earlier, for their advance, even up to Samson Ridge, had been much slower than that of the other two divisions." 189: 1585:

their bombardment, firing high explosive shells for the remainder of the two hours. The 15th Heavy Battery shelled gun positions and trenches near Kh el Bir, the 10th Heavy Battery targeted the ridge east of Gaza to Fryer Hill, the 91st Heavy Battery fired on El Arish Redoubt, Magdhaba Trench, and hostile batteries west of Gaza, while the 6-inch howitzers of the 201st Siege Battery targeted Outpost Hill and Middlesex Hill on the Es Sire Ridge. The 8-inch howitzer fired on Green Hill and the southern Gaza defences. These guns were supplied with 500 rounds per 60-pdr and 6-inch howitzers, 400 rounds per 8-inch howitzer, 600 rounds per 4.5-inch howitzer, and 600 rounds per 18-pdr. Divisional commanders controlled the use of their divisional artilleries, excepting three brigades of 18-pdrs.

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make a dismounted attack towards Hareira on the extreme right of the battle line. Before noon, the 1st Light Horse Brigade had advanced to occupy Baiket es Sana. In the afternoon, while the Ottoman counterattacked the Eastern Force and the Imperial Mounted Division, on their left a hostile force marched out from Hareira to counterattack the 1st Light Horse Brigade. The light horsemen were also attacked on their flank by a regiment of the Ottoman 3rd Cavalry Division from Tel esh Sheria. They advanced to the attack between the Wadis esh Sheria and Imleih. Fire from the 1st Light Horse Brigade's Hotchkiss and Vickers machine guns, with the support of the Leicester Battery, stopped the counterattack.

1014:, also indicated a substantial victory and Murray was ordered to move on and capture Jerusalem. The British were in no position to attack Jerusalem as they had yet to break through the Ottoman defences at Gaza. However, the Australian official historian described the First Battle of Gaza quite differently. "In itself the engagement was a severe blow to the British Army, since it affected the troops on both sides to a degree out of all proportion to the casualties suffered, or to the negative victory gained by the Turks. There was not a single private in the British infantry, or a trooper in the mounted brigades, who did not believe that failure was due to staff bungling and to nothing else." 1172:

country to the east of the city was dominated by wired trenches situated on rising ground, while the line towards Beersheba was less strongly fortified. The German and Ottoman forces' well-prepared positions emphasised "the advantages of defence by areas as opposed to linear defence, at least by day and in clear weather." The well-sited redoubts covering wide gaps provided mutual support and facilitated a large reserve force outside the danger zone, which was available to take advantage of counterattack opportunities. The defences at Atawineh, Sausage Ridge, Hareira, and Teiaha supported each other as they overlooked an almost flat plain, making any attack against them almost impossible.

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Bir and Kh Sihan where a gap would be made for units of Desert Column to ride through. The deployments shown on the maps do not indicate any available mounted units. While this attack took place on the eastern side of Gaza, on the western side the 53rd (Welsh) Division was to capture the coastal defences in the sand dunes. Five tanks were attached to "Eastern Force" and two tanks attached to the 53rd (Welsh) Division, while the 74th (Yeomanry) Division would remain in reserve. The Anzac Mounted Division would extend the line eastwards from the Imperial Mounted Division, in preparation for an attack on the Atawineh redoubt, leaving the 22nd Mounted Brigade to defend the Shellal ford.

4036: 204: 1021:, the headquarters of Eastern Force, to enable "all available troops" to be deployed for battle. Water reservoirs for 76,000 gallons were built in the Wadi Ghuzzee and dumps of ammunition and supply were established nearby. The weather was "reasonably cool" and the health of the troops "was good." Morale had "recovered from the disappointment of the First Battle, in which victory had so narrowly eluded them." Up until 4 April, Eastern Force had been responsible for the southern sector of the Suez Canal Defence troops, 150 miles (240 km) away. This duty was transferred to the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, lightening Dobell's load. 1695:

area continued to target the 155th Brigade, and an hour after capturing Outpost Hill the 5th Battalion King's Own Scottish Borderers were forced to withdraw after being heavily counterattacked. After hand–to–hand fighting, Outpost Hill was recaptured by the 4th Battalion King's Own Scottish Borderers, reinforced by the 5th Battalion King's Own Scottish Borderers and the 5th Battalion Royal Scots Fusiliers. This lunette fortification continued to be held by the 155th Brigade during the afternoon, despite continuing counterattacks. After all the senior officers became casualties the 70 survivors were withdrawn, minutes before the

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open and swept by fire, could not be maintained. The division was forced to withdraw to a position near Sheikh Abbas where they made contact with the 74th Division. The Imperial Camel Brigade, whose right was close to Kh. Sihan, covered this withdrawal, before withdrawing in turn at 19:45 to Charing Cross, southwest of Sheikh Abbas. Desert Column was withdraw to an outpost line extending from the right of the 54th (East Anglian) Division near Dumb-bell Hill on the edge of the Sheikh Abbas Ridge, through Munkheile south of the Wadi el Baha, to a point on the Wadi Ghuzzee about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Shellal at Hiseia.

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two divisions, with the 74th (Yeomanry) Division in reserve, would advance east of the Es Sire Ridge with the 53rd (Welsh) Division, advancing between the Rafa to Gaza road and the Mediterranean coast. They would subsequently entrench and wire their new forward line, stretching from Tel el Ujul on the Mediterranean shore to Es Sir Ridge, along the Manusra Ridge to Sheikh Abbas, where an infantry brigade would strengthen the defences. This attack was to be covered by the Desert Column, operating to the east and southeast to stop reinforcements, moving from Hareira and Tel esh Sheria, from reinforcing Gaza.

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and Tel el Sheria about halfway between Gaza and Beersheba. The official British historian notes there "were 18,000 rifles on the front" during this second battle, including the Beersheba detachment. The ration strength of the defending force was 48,845, including 18,185 armed with rifles, 86 armed with machine guns. Although they had a total of 101 artillery pieces, only 68 guns were in action during the battle, 12 of which were larger than field-gun calibre. The War Office thought there could be 30,000 Ottoman troops in southern Palestine with the Gaza–Beersheba line, defended by about 18,000 men.

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Gaza. Then the 3rd Light Horse Brigade and the 5th Mounted Brigade on the extreme right continued the line, all attacking Atawineh on a 2-mile (3.2 km) front, with the 6th Mounted Brigade in divisional reserve. After approaching mounted, they were to launch their attack dismounted, when one quarter of the troopers would be holding four horses each, in led horses. The Imperial Mounted Division's attack was supported by the Inverness and Ayrshire Batteries escorted by the 3rd Squadron of the Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment (New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade, Anzac Mounted Division).

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attacked the strong entrenchments to the south of the town. In the afternoon, after being reinforced by the Anzac Mounted Division, the all arms' attack quickly began to succeed. With most objectives captured, night stopped the attack and a withdrawal was ordered before the commanders were fully aware of the victory. The first battle ended in debacle, according to Pugsley when the Anzac Mounted Division "knew they were winning, and saw victory snatched away from them by the order to withdraw." This defeat coincided with low public morale in the British Empire reflecting the continuing

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the afternoon, it had become apparent there was "no prospect of success on any portion of the front", and offensive operations ended after the Ottoman counterattack was forced back. Dobell received reports from his divisional commanders describing the state of the troops, the low supply of ammunition, and the estimated 6,000 casualties. He decided to postpone the attack for twenty-four hours and reported to Murray that he was in agreement with the divisional commanders that another assault would only result in more losses. Murray agreed.

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artillery, and shipboard guns targeting Gaza and Hareira positions. Also during the day, the infantry was reinforced by the Imperial Mounted Divisions and the Imperial Camel Brigade. The right flank continued to be guarded by the Anzac Mounted Division, which repeated their movements of the previous day to cover the right flank of the new infantry positions, when they were subjected to frequent bombing which caused heavy casualties. Supplies of ammunition and water were brought forward to them, across the Wadi Ghuzzee.

1603:, on the Western Front, in April 1917. There were not enough guns to cover the 15,000 yards (14,000 m) front. The light field guns could not produce a sufficiently dense bombardment, and the thin barrage was not effectively strengthened by the naval guns. It quickly became clear that the gunfire from the warships, heavy artillery, and field howitzers, including the gas shells, had not silenced the defenders' artillery. Ten minutes before the infantry attack, 18-pdrs began their covering fire. 128: 113: 1715: 1612: 1544: 1475: 1155: 1750: 1859:

a force of Bedouin. With their rifles on their backs the light horsemen were defenceless in mounted attack and they were forced back under cover of their machine gun detachments before eventually halting the Ottoman advance. Near dark, a threatened counterattack by infantry from Beersheba on the extreme right of the line failed to develop. The Anzac Mounted Division retired to water in the Wadi Ghuzzee at Heseia where they were shelled, causing some casualties.

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casualties had to be collected in full view of the enemy. Evacuations from Desert Column were carried out by 36 Ford ambulance wagons, six from each division, with a convoy of 24 operating between divisional receiving stations at Tel el Jenimi and the 53rd British Casualty Clearing Station at Deir el Belah. Then they were transported back to the No. 2 Australian Stationary Hospital at El Arish on the railway before continuing their journey back to Kantara.

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Division) lost 14 officers and almost half the regiment's other ranks killed or wounded. Three months later on 12 July, General Allenby reported "Units are, however, below strength, and 5,150 infantry and 400 yeomanry reinforcements are required now to complete the four divisions and mounted now in the line to full strength." The Gaza war cemetery bears silent witness to the casualties which were much more severe than the British public was told.

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southeast. The 74th (Yeomanry) Division would form the reserve, while their right flank was protected by Desert Column. The Column was to "protect the right of the infantry from an advance by the enemy in and beyond the entrenchments at Atawineh and Hareira on the Gaza to Beersheba road." They also had orders to exploit an infantry breakthrough and attack Hareira on the extreme right, and they carried rations for the next day along with an

1771:(163rd Brigade), and the 6th Battalion Essex Regiment (161st Brigade) made a fresh attack on the redoubt which had briefly been captured by the 5th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. At 14:20, before this advance had become "seriously engaged", orders were received for the whole line to stand fast. Eastern Force ordered the divisions to dig in on the line they occupied. During the battle three tanks were captured by the Ottoman defenders. 1711:

from east of Heart Hill (in touch with the 53rd (Welsh) Division) through Outpost Hill to the right of the 54th (East Anglian) Division near Kh en Hamus (also called Kh. en Namus). The 157th Brigade relieved the 155th Brigade, which had suffered 1,000 casualties from a strength of 2,500. Regarding the names of the numerous locations in the Gaza area, the official British historian notes, "new names appear with each new attack."

1466:, followed by the remainder of the Anzac Mounted Division. The Imperial Mounted Division closed its headquarters at Deir el Belah and reopened at Tel el Jemmi. At 15:45 the 3rd Light Horse Brigade left Goz el Taire to take up an outpost line at Jemmi, while the 4th Light Horse, 5th and 6th Mounted Brigades were in the bivouac area by 22:00. The 5th Mounted Brigade moved out at 01:30 on 17 April with orders to capture Kh Erk. 1483:

and entrench their new positions. These two divisions were deployed for the attack, the 54th (East Anglian) Division on the right and the 52nd (Lowland) Division on the left, while the 53rd (Welsh) Division advanced across the Wadi Ghuzzee, west of the Rafa-Gaza road to Tel el Ujul, to establish an outpost line in the sand dunes covering the 52nd (Lowland) Division's left flank, with the 74th (Yeomanry) Division in reserve.

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defences between Gaza and the Mediterranean Sea. Meanwhile, on the eastern side of Gaza, Eastern Attack's 52nd (Lowland) Division on the left was to attack Ali Muntar, including the Labyrinth and Green Hill. On their right the 54th (East Anglian) Division, with the Imperial Camel Brigade attached to broaden the infantry attack, was to advance north from Sheikh Abbas towards Kh Sihan and Kh. el Bir.

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casualties, while the 6th Mounted Brigade in reserve was sent to reinforce the line. One regiment filled a gap which had developed between the 3rd and 4th Light Horse Brigades, while two regiments reinforced the 5th Mounted Brigade, supported by fire from the 263rd Brigade RFA. Together they held the Ottoman counterattack and no further ground was lost before nightfall put an end to the fighting.

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left flank of the 52nd (Lowland) Division, was exposed to heavy fire from rifles and machine guns. The 5th Battalion King's Own Scottish Borderers, following the remaining tank continued the attack, wheeling slightly away to the left to attack and occupy the Ottoman lunette fortification (two faces forming a projecting angle on two flanks), on Outpost Hill at 10:00. Meanwhile, the 4th Battalion

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approximate 4,000 casualties suffered during the first battle had been suffered, "almost entirely by the 53rd Division", although the 161st Brigade (54th Division) had also suffered "particularly heavy losses", remaining in divisional reserve during the second battle. It is not known what reinforcements the 53rd (Welsh) Division received during the period between the two battles. The

1498:, 54th (East Anglian) Division, started their advance from Dumb-bell Hill at 04:30, but the leading tank was put out of action after being hit by three shells. The attack on Sheikh Abbas succeeded by 07:00 when the area was occupied and work began to fortify and entrench the position. The advance by the 52nd (Lowland) Division was more strongly opposed but after their 1432:

attack. They thought a more narrowly focused attack would make better use of the available artillery. Chetwode and Chauvel, "the two most experienced generals in the force", watched the extension of the Ottoman defences at Gaza with "some foreboding." They had seen the strength and determination of Ottoman defenders in entrenched positions at the

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aerodrome, hitting two hangars. At El Arish hospital, Dr. Duguid described the strong moon light on 8 April 1917, "... now it is climbing the heavens. 10.30pm. It is as clear as day, and the shadow thrown on the sand is very definite. I hear we are expecting an air raid soon. The regiments are digging funk holes everywhere."

1058:, each with four brigades. Desert Column was to cover the infantry's right flank and attack Ottoman forces along the Gaza to Beersheba road as far as Hareira. The 1st and 4th Light Horse Brigades were ordered forward to join their divisions, to make up four brigades, in each. The Anzac Mounted Division consisted of the 1121:

aircraft attacked EEF reconnaissance aircraft during which several duels were fought, none being decisive. On 6 April five German aircraft approaching Rafa were intercepted by two AFC Martinsyde aircraft, one of which was forced to land and was destroyed on the ground, while the other went for reinforcements. Three

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ground between Tel esh Sheria and Gaza, including 8,500 at Gaza, 4,000 at Kh el Bir, and 2,000 at Atawineh. On 15 April 1917, the Ottoman forces were estimated at 1,500 to 2,000 cavalry, 60 to 70 guns, and 20,000 to 25,000 infantry holding the Sheria, Hareira to Gaza line with a small reserve near Akra.

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Patrol attached covered their right flank and attacked towards the Hareira redoubt. Anzac Mounted Division was also to remain prepared to exploit any gaps in the Ottoman line. The mounted force supported the main infantry attack until either the defenders withdrew or a gap was forced in the front line.

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the 160th Brigade's attack on Samson Ridge, which was not captured until 13:00. This woodland area south west of Ali Muntar in the vicinity of Romani Trench and Outpost Hill, had been targeted with gas shells during the artillery bombardment. Despite heavy casualties, Samson Ridge was captured during a

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Although the 2nd Light Horse Brigade was to be prepared for a mounted attack, the 5th and 7th Light Horse Regiments (2nd Light Horse Brigade) held a wide stretch of front line south of the Wadi Imleih. Here they were attacked by a squadron of Ottoman cavalry, supported by another cavalry regiment and

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On the right of the 163rd Brigade, the Imperial Camel Brigade—reinforced by one battalion of the 161st Brigade (54th Division)—advanced from Dumb-bell Hill. The 1st Battalion Imperial Camel Brigade advanced to occupy Tank redoubt on the left of the line, while the 3rd Battalion Imperial Camel Brigade

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was stopped by fire from Middlesex and Outpost Hills. They were caught out in the open for five hours, with their right flank exposed to constant fire mainly from Green Hill, as a consequence of the 54th (East Anglian) Division on their right flank advancing out of sight. After the 156th Brigade made

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Eastern Force heavy artillery fired on the hostile artillery batteries and strong defensive points that held up the infantry attack. For the first 40 minutes, the field howitzers fired gas shells at hostile battery positions and at the woodland area south west of Ali Muntar. Afterwards they continued

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Desert Column's role during the day was to protect the right flank of the 54th (East Anglian) Division and "demonstrate against Hareira." The 5th Mounted Brigade (Imperial Mounted Division) crossed the Wadi Ghazze at 02:30 and moved up the Wadi esh Sheria to occupy Kh. Erk 3 miles (4.8 km) south

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captured the Ottoman outpost at El Burjabye, they were able to occupy Mansura Ridge. Here their advance was brought to a halt when they were targeted by Ottoman artillery firing from Ali Muntar. Despite this, the captured position was consolidated. During the day a fortified line was constructed from

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on Gaza from the east, instead of a frontal attack. However, the lack of water in the area towards Beersheba put it beyond the resources of the EEF in April 1917. Dobell therefore planned a direct frontal attack on the well-prepared Ottoman defences. He would employ all his available force to "crush"

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from the Tank Corps (also known as Heavy Section, Machine Gun Corps) reached the front. Tanks had been in use in France since September 1916 and Palestine was to be the only other theatre of the war they were employed. They "seemed to offer the best chance of a successful frontal assault." Lyden-Bell

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All of the Desert Column mounted and infantry divisions had fought during the first battle of Gaza, when the column's 53rd (Welsh) Division had been heavily involved. This "encounter battle" by the mounted divisions emphasised speed and surprise, at a time when Gaza had been an outpost garrisoned by

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The 53rd (Welsh) Division held Samson Ridge, and the 52nd (Lowland) Division held the line at the foot of Outpost Hill where construction of new defences at Heart Hill and Blazed Hill were begun. Although ordered not to abandon any ground, the position of the 54th (East Anglian) Division, out in the

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Darkness ended fighting with anticipation for a renewal of the battle the next day. Although the EEF infantry brigades had succeeded in entering the Ottoman trenches at several points, they were too weakened by the fierce defence to retain their gains during strong counterattacks. Towards the end of

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on the right, and the 11th Battalion London Regiment in support. During the attack the left half of the 10th Battalion London Regiment became separated from their right. This occurred when the left section faced a non-connected line of trenches, through which they were able to fight their way across

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Meanwhile, the 157th Brigade, less the 7th Battalion supporting the 155th Brigade, moved forward from reserve below Mansura Ridge to Lee's Hill and Blazed Hill. A planned joint attack timed for 16:00 was delayed, and at 16:40 Eastern Force ordered the infantry to "discontinue the advance and dig in"

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By this time the shortage of artillery shells was beginning to affect the attack. Had Middlesex Hill, Green Hill, and Ali Muntar, all within a relatively small area, been heavily bombarded, the 52nd (Lowland) Division's third brigade could have dominated Gaza. Instead, hostile fire from the woodland

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Having secured Es Sire Ridge, the 155th Brigade's attack towards Outpost Hill came under artillery and machine gun fire from their front and left flank, from the direction of the Romani trench and the Labyrinth. Until the 53rd (Welsh) Division captured Samson Ridge at 13:00, the 155th Brigade on the

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on the left, was flank guard against the woodlands on the western slope of the ridge, which had been targeted by gas shells during the artillery bombardment, with the 4th Battalion Scots Fusiliers on their right. The 4th Battalion King's Own Scottish Borderers was in support. When the leading troops

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The advance by the Eastern Attack, from their consolidated positions at El Burjabye, Mansura Ridge and Sheikh Abbas, began at 07:30, fifteen minutes after the attack by the 53rd (Welsh) Division. The 155th Brigade moved along the spine of the Es Sire Ridge, with deep gullies on either flank. The 5th

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The Eastern Attack's two infantry divisions would make the main attacks stretching from Mansura and Sheikh Abbas, then swing to the left to capture Ali Muntar before moving into the town of Gaza. This attack would cover the route taken by the Anzac Mounted Division during the first battle, to Kh. el

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According to Falls, "Some subordinate commanders" suggested a concentrated infantry attack in depth on the coastal side of Gaza, "offered far more favourable opportunities" for an infantry attack. Some infantry divisional commanders considered the artillery insufficient for the width of the proposed

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and the third brigades of the 53rd (Welsh) and the 54th (East Anglian) Division's field artillery, and represented the only additional artillery received between the first and second battles. By 18 April all heavy guns had been registered on their targets by artillery aircraft flying up and down the

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Aerial reconnaissance was carried out by both sides. Aerial photographs enabled a new partly contoured map on the 1/40,000 scale to be printed before the Second Battle of Gaza. However, each side was keen to monitor the others' preparations and the air became disputed territory. Newly arrived German

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While the Desert Column's Anzac Mounted Division and the partly formed Imperial Mounted Division had quickly deployed to guard against Ottoman reinforcements strengthening the Ottoman garrison at Gaza on 26 March, the 53rd (Welsh) Division supported by a brigade from the 54th (East Anglian) Division

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Official casualty figures include 509 killed, 4,359 wounded, and 1,534 missing; including 272 prisoners of war, while unofficially the figure was much higher at 17,000. A slightly lower figure of 14,000 has also been claimed. The 10th Light Horse Regiment, (3rd Light Horse Brigade, Imperial Mounted

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on the left and the 5th Battalion Norfolk Regiment on the right. While fighting their way to within 500 yards (460 m) of their objective, about two thirds of the 4th Battalion Norfolk Regiment became casualties while the remainder were pinned down. Despite being reinforced by the 8th Battalion

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The 159th Brigade on the left advanced fairly well until it reached about 800 yards (730 m) from Sheikh Ajlin, where orders required it to wait for the capture of Samson Ridge, due to the possibility of exposing their right flank. On their right, machine gun fire from the woodland area delayed

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The Second Battle of Gaza began on 17 April 1917 and lasted three days. Operating as "Eastern Attack" commanded by W. E. B. Smith, the 52nd (Lowland) and 54th (East Anglian) Divisions were to capture a line from Sheikh Abbas, through Mansura to Kurd Hill on the Es Sire Ridge as quickly as possible,

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The assault would be made in two stages. Firstly the 52nd (Lowland) and 54th (East Anglian) Divisions would attack and capture Sheikh Abbas and make a general advance of 2–3 miles (3.2–4.8 km) beyond the Wady Ghuzzee, to place the infantry in a position to launch the main attack on Gaza. These

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On 10 April, Dobell understood that Gaza was defended by three regiments, with two regiments east of the town, two regiments at Hareira, and one each at Tel esh Sheria and near Huj, with potential for mutual support. Just before the attack, it was understood that an Ottoman force of 21,000 held the

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I should think there are at least three hundred smoke wreaths floating above us in the sky, some black, some white, the only clouds in the serene blue: A Taube and an English plane are manoeuvring and occasionally getting in a shot at one another: more English planes are coming up through a barrage

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arrived to attack the German formation. Aerial bombing was also strenuously continued by both sides, and while this aerial fight was taking place, hostile aircraft bombed Bir el Mazar. On 7 April a joint raid by four Australian aircraft, with several from No. 14 Squadron, bombed Gaza and the Ramleh

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was invited by two Royal Engineer messmates to accompany them on a reconnaissance during the afternoon of Good Friday, 6 April 1917. He subsequently wrote, "we saw parties of Turks and mapped down new trenches they had made, got sniped at incidentally, and had to travel a good bit of the way on our

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An Ottoman counterattack was anticipated on 20 April, when German aircraft bombed EEF camps and Ottoman cavalry massed at Hareira. This threat did not "seriously develop" after the Ottoman cavalry was bombed by three B.E.s and two Martinsydes. Although no general counterattack occurred, there were

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While the 22nd Mounted Brigade (Anzac Mounted Division) in reserve moved to Tel el Fara on the Wadi Ghuzzee, 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Hiseia, to cover the right of the Imperial Mounted Division and guard engineers developing water wells in the area, the 1st Light Horse Brigade was ordered to

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During the three days of the second battle, EEF artillery aircraft flew 38 missions and engaged 63 targets. They located 27 batteries, despite difficulties identifying targets through the haze and dust caused by the bombardment, and being attacked by hostile aircraft. Nevertheless, 128 direct hits

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The tanks were to be deployed along the front and advance across open country where they could give shelter to the infantry following behind them. However, as the tanks became targets the infantry also suffered, and only two tanks succeeded in reaching their objectives. A supply of 4,000 rounds of

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regiments, was now complete except for artillery and one field company. The Division arrived and on 7 April took over the outpost line along the Wadi Ghuzzee from the 54th (East Anglian) Division. The infantry would be supported by the Desert Column's two mounted divisions, each consisting of four

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eight months ago, while the 53rd (Welsh) Division and to a lesser extent, the 54th (East Anglian) Division had both been involved in the first battle. These two divisions had been almost up to establishment levels before the battle, but they were now on average about 1,500 below establishment. The

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The British estimated 21,000 Ottoman defenders at Gaza and Tel esh Sheria, 4,500 at Kh. Sihan, with a further 2,000 at Atawineh. Other British estimates include 25,000 German and Ottoman troops in the area, with 8,500 at Gaza, 4,500 east of Gaza, 2,000 in the Atawineh redoubt, and 6,000 at Hareira

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On 1 April, a reconnaissance mission was carried out east of Wadi Ghuzze between Wadi esh Sheria and the sea by one battalion each from the 52nd (Lowland), 53rd (Welsh), and 54th (East Anglian) Divisions. The next day 1,000 Ottoman infantry advanced to the right bank of the Wadi Ghuzze. Both sides

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The Desert Column was deployed on the right of the Imperial Camel Brigade attached to Eastern Force, with the Imperial Mounted Division with the 17th Motor Machine Gun Battery was attached on the left, attacking towards the Atawineh redoubt, while the Anzac Mounted Division with the 7th Light Car

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fired on the Warren on the western side of the ridge and another monitor fired on the Labyrinth. After 07:30, the ships shifted their fire to north and northwest of Gaza and north and northeast of Ali Muntar to avoid firing on the infantry. The ships were targeted by a German submarine during the

1443:

After receiving fresh information regarding Ottoman deployments on 10 April, Dobell modified his plan to incorporate a more flexible approach. While the first stage would remain unchanged, during the second stage of the battle he might attack directly by swinging his line slightly northeast, with

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During the three weeks between the first two battles for Gaza, the town was quickly developed into the strongest point in a series of strongly entrenched positions extending to Hareira 12 miles (19 km) east of Gaza, and southeast towards Beersheba. They increased the width and depth of their

1973:

The defeat of the EEF boosted the Ottoman Fourth Army's morale. Within weeks Kress von Kressenstein was reinforced by the 7th and the 54th Divisions, and by October 1917 the Eighth Army commanded by Kress von Kressenstein had been established with headquarters at Huleikat north of Huj. The EEF's

1800:

At 06:30, one hour before the infantry attack began, the Imperial Mounted Division advanced on a wide front towards the Atawineh and Hairpin redoubts. On the left, the 4th Light Horse Brigade continued the line of the Imperial Camel Brigade to the Wadi el Baha, 7 miles (11 km) south east of

1171:

The Ottoman force defended 10–12 miles (16–19 km) of entrenched defences supported by well concealed and sighted guns. The positions held by the force commanded by Kress von Kressenstein began on their right flank on the Mediterranean coast, which was strongly entrenched. Next, Gaza and the

1461:

Just after 19:00, the infantry divisions marched towards the Wadi Ghuzzee crossings, while the Anzac Mounted Division left Deir el Belah at 18:30 with the New Zealand Mounted Brigade leading the night march. At 04:30 on 17 April the Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment led the way across the Wadi

1423:

Secondly, as soon as preparations were complete and allowing at least one clear day between the two stages, the 52nd (Lowland), the 53rd (Welsh), and the 54th (East Anglian) Divisions, supported by the Imperial Camel Brigade, were to launch the main attack on Gaza from the south, southwest, and

977:

in 1799. At Gaza there was an important depot for cereals with a German steam mill, barley, wheat, olives, vineyards, orange groves, and wood for fuel were grown as well as many goats grazed. Barley was exported to England for brewing into English beer and in 1912 the 40,000 inhabitants of Gaza

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victory as a defeat could get. In the three weeks between the two battles, the Gaza defences were strongly reinforced against a frontal attack. The strong entrenchments and fortifications proved unassailable during the disastrous frontal attacks, and EEF casualties approached, and in some cases

1960:

Between 17 and 20 April, EEF lost 6,444 casualties. The infantry suffered 5,328 casualties; 2,870 of these were from the 54th (East Anglian) Division and 1,828 from the 163rd Brigade alone. The 52nd (Lowland) Division suffered 1,874 casualties, the 53rd (Welsh) Division 584, the Imperial Camel

1845:

The strong counterattacks suffered by Eastern Attack extended eastwards and, at 14:00, a large Ottoman force supported by artillery was attacking along the whole front held by the Imperial Mounted Division. The 3rd and 4th Light Horse Brigades were pushed back some distance, suffering numerous

1833:

This strongly held position to the southeast of the Atawineh position was being attacked by the 5th Mounted Brigade on the right of the Imperial Mounted Division. Their embattled attack was reinforced at 09:30 by the Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment (New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade, Anzac

1619:

On the western side of Gaza in the coastal sector, from their position across the Wadi Ghuzze at Tel el Ujul, the 53rd (Welsh) Division was to attack and capture Samson Ridge, a great sand dune halfway between the Wadi Ghuzzee and Gaza. Then they were to advance and capture the western Ottoman

1551:

Following the success of the first phase of Dobell's plans, he decided not to attempt a flanking attack from Atawineh or Hareira on Gaza, but to return to his original plan and launch a series of attacks while Desert Column pinned the defenders to their positions on the right. The 53rd (Welsh)

1816:

With its left in touch with the Imperial Camel Brigade, the 4th Light Horse Brigade's dismounted advance captured a position overlooking the Gaza to Beersheba road near Kh. Sihan. To their right, the 3rd Light Horse Brigade was by 09:15 ordered to halt its advance, as its forward position was

1389:

and eight Martinsydes which, although being the best fighters available, tended to overheat. At this time, the 5th Wing headquarters, the headquarters of No. 14 Squadron along with its "A" Flight and No. 67 Squadron A.F.C., were all stationed at Rafa. No. 14 Squadron's "B" Flight and advanced

1628:

Brigadier General S. F. Mott's 53rd (Welsh) Division began their advance from Tel el Ujul between the Mediterranean coast and the Rafa to Gaza road at 07:15 in extended order, moving across the sand hills fifteen minutes before the 52nd (Lowland) Division began to advance on their right. The

1457:

By 16 April Murray had moved his advanced GHQ EEF in a railway train, from El Arish to Khan Yunis, and was in telephone communication with Dobell's Eastern Force battle headquarters at Deir el Belah, 5 miles (8.0 km) south of the Wadi Ghuzzee. Meanwhile, Chetwode moved his Desert Column

1961:

Brigade 345 casualties, the Imperial Mounted Division 547 casualties, and the Anzac Mounted Division 105 casualties. Only one brigade in each of the 52nd (Lowland) and the 54th (East Anglian) Divisions was intact or had suffered only light casualties. The 74th Division had not been engaged.

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The following day, on 18 April while the infantry consolidated their positions and prepared for battle, and an EEF artillery bombardment of hostile positions from the land and sea was reciprocated. During this artillery duel, the guns searched for the positions of the Ottoman artillery, EEF

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All the camels of the mounted field ambulances remained at Dier el Belah during the fighting except for a small proportion which moved forward, but ambulance men and transport remained at Deir el Belah during the fighting. As the attacks were made across open country without any cover, many

1514:

At daylight, tanks moved round the Mansura Ridge to destroy any remaining Ottoman posts, but the terrain was unsuitable and they were stopped by Ottoman artillery. Eastern Attack suffered 300 casualties, but all the objectives they had captured had been defended only by Ottoman outposts.

1364:

The tanks which arrived in Palestine in January 1917 had been used for instruction and were not of the latest type, however during a trial attack they proved themselves in the sandy conditions. "he sand though fairly heavy, did not interfere with them in the least. They buzzed along most

1805:

The enemy artillery fire was the heaviest we had experienced, with shrapnel and high explosive. It was reported that the Turks had more than 250 big guns in action. Our troop, by short sharp rushes, got to within striking distance, but the heavy casualties made it impossible to go any

1104:

conducted day and night patrols. The 10th Light Horse Regiment's Scouts led a reconnaissance by the 3rd Light Horse Brigade east of the Wadi el Ghuzze, when Ottoman artillery was very active during a skirmish with an Ottoman cavalry patrol, some miles beyond the EEF front line.

1637:

on the right was to capture Sampson Ridge, each supported by one tank. They were to subsequently make contact with the 52nd (Lowland) Division on Ali Muntar in order to launch a joint attack from the Zowaiid trench in the west to the Romani trench on the Rafa to Gaza road.

2015:

Falls Sketch Map 14 of the First Battle of Gaza shows Tel el Ujul on the coast north of the Wadi Ghuzzee. Sketch Map 16 of the Second Battle of Gaza also shows Tel el Ujul to the north of the Wadi Ghuzzee but half way between the coast and the Rafa to Gaza road.

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on the right advanced on a 1,500 yards (1,400 m) front, its right towards the north east to an Ottoman redoubt 1 mile (1.6 km) northwest of Kh Sihan, with the Imperial Camel Brigade on their right. The 161st (Essex) Brigade formed a divisional reserve.

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only one division attacking Gaza to create a gap for Desert Column, depending on whether the hostile Atawineh defences were reinforced by units from the Hareira detachment. Or he might send most of his force to the coastal side of Gaza to make an attack there.

1977:

The line secured during the battle by the EEF was consolidated and strengthened and trench warfare established from Sheikh Ailin on the Mediterranean coast to Sheikh Abbas and on to Tel el Jemmi. This line was to be held for six months, during the so-called

1168:

front lines, developing mutually supporting localities on ideal defensive ground. The construction of these defences changed the nature of the attack to an infantry frontal attack across open ground, with mounted troops in a supporting role.

1009:

commanding the EEF reported the defeat at Gaza to the War Office in overly optimistic terms such that his reputation, as a consequence, depended on a decisive victory at the second attempt. The commander of Eastern Force, Lieutenant General

1775:

crossed the Gaza to Beersheba road and temporarily occupied both "Jack" and "Jill" positions to the east of Kh. Sihan. They withdrew when the 4th Light Horse Brigade on their right was forced to withdraw during an Ottoman counterattack.

1094:

on 11 April and after dumping baggage was preparing to move forward on 14 April, carrying the Light Mobile Scale of six emergency pack bags per squadron, three days rations, and 12 pounds (5,400 g) grain on each horse.

1175:

After the first battle an additional two regiments of the 53rd Division, four artillery batteries, and some cavalry reinforced the defences. The force defending the town of Gaza and the western coastal sector consisted of:

1817:

attracting fire. They were close to the Atawineh redoubt, having captured 70 prisoners, but the brigade began to suffer enfilading fire from the narrow spur known as Sausage Ridge to the southeast of the Wadi el Baha.

1757:

The attack by the 163rd (Norfolk & Suffolk) Brigade (on the east of the 162nd Brigade) was led by a tank towards an Ottoman redoubt 1 mile (1.6 km) northwest of Kh. Sihan. They advanced with the 4th Battalion

1727:

On the left of the 54th (East Anglian) Division, advancing from Sheikh Abbas, the 162nd (East Midland) Brigade stretched from the intersection of the Wadi Mukaddeme with the Gaza to Beersheba road in the west, to the

941:(EEF) was now required to capture the stronghold of Gaza as a first step towards Jerusalem. Gaza was one of the most ancient cities in the world, being one of five city-states mentioned in the Bible as ruled by the 1339:

Eastern Force had 170 guns, 16 of which were of medium or larger calibre. With the arrival of railhead at Deir el Belah on 5 April, more medium artillery was transported forward. These included all 12 of the

1129:

Rafa was bombed twice on 12 April by three German aircraft, after which 17 aircraft from the combined EEF squadrons bombed Ottoman positions along the Beersheba line, dropping 1,000 lbs of bombs each on

1589:

The 263rd Brigade, 52nd (Lowland) Division was attached to 54th (East Anglian) Division until 07:30 when it transferred to the 74th (Yeomanry) Division with the objective of defending the Sheikh Abbas Ridge.

1736:

The attack by the 162nd Brigade on the left was almost immediately fired on by artillery from behind Ali Muntar and by machine guns and mountain guns firing from nearby hostile trenches. The 10th Battalion

1503:

Sheikh Ailin to Sheikh Abbas about 3 miles (4.8 km) from Gaza. With the capture of the Mansura Ridges, a line from there to the sea, about 2 miles (3.2 km) from the Wadi Ghuzzeh was established.

1699:(157th Brigade), under heavy Ottoman artillery fire, arrived from Eastern Force reserve to reinforce them. The Highland Light Infantry battalion was forced to dig in just to the south of Outpost Hill. 324: 854:

garrison, which had been reinforced after the first battle by substantial forces. They manned the town's defences and a line of strong redoubts which extended eastwards along the road from Gaza to

1683:

and the tank reached the gullies between Queen's and Lee's Hills on Es Sire Ridge, the tank nose-dived into a gully. However, the second tank took its place and by 08:15, Lee's Hill was occupied.

314: 4878: 1134:

and Kh. el Bir. Retaliatory raids followed in quick succession before midday and continued on during the three subsequent days, accompanied by increased heavy artillery fire from both sides.

1552:

Division, Eastern Force, and Desert Column were to attack the 10–12 miles (16–19 km) of entrenched Ottoman defences, which were strongly supported by well-concealed and sighted guns.

3762:. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 1. London: H.M. Stationery Office. 1889:

During the battle the Ottoman defenders suffered between 82 and 402 killed, between 1,337 and 1,364 wounded, and between 242 and 247 missing. About 200 Ottoman prisoners were captured.

1670:

echeloned behind to their right. Having captured the ridge, the 155th Brigade was to swing up to make a joint attack with the 156th Brigade on Green Hill and Ali Muntar, while their

2025:

Mott replaced Major General Alister Dallas who resigned owing to ill health following the first battle, when the majority of the 4,000 casualties were suffered by his division.

4024: 1703: 1361:

reported to the War Office that they would frighten the defenders "out of their lives." Senior officers apparently deployed them for this purpose in widely separated pairs.

862:'s three infantry divisions, supported by two mounted divisions, but the strength of the defenders, their entrenchments & supporting artillery decimated the attackers. 4868: 4863: 1394:

were recorded by the artillery and three guns destroyed, while German and Ottoman anti-aircraft artillery caused the death of three pilots and the loss of two aircraft.

4002: 4888: 3541: 1702:

The attack of the 156th Brigade was held up at 10:00 until the right of the 155th Brigade recommenced their advance. However, shortly afterwards the 156th Brigade's

383: 3518: 1390:

headquarters were located at Deir el Belah, while "X" Aircraft Park was across the Suez Canal at Abbassia, with the Advanced Aircraft Park on the canal at Kantara.

1595:

The 272nd Brigade, 54th (East Anglian) Division was attached to Eastern Force artillery until 18:30 18 April when it came under orders of 74th (Yeomanry) Division.

1289:

They were supported by the 7th and 54th Infantry Divisions of the XX Corps and 3,000 reinforcements from the 23rd and 24th Infantry Divisions of the XII Corps.

4883: 4858: 3692:. Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services, 1914–1918: Volume 1 Part II (2nd ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. pp. 547–780. 1974:

strength, which could have supported an advance to Jerusalem, was now decimated. Murray and Dobell were relieved of their commands and sent back to England.

978:

imported £10,000 of yarn from Manchester. Maize, millet, beans, and water melon, all harvested in early autumn, were cultivated in most of these localities.

4848: 1881:

numerous local attacks. One of these attacks, which attempted to advance down the Wadi Sihan, was stopped by the 54th (East Anglian) Division's artillery.

4853: 4873: 4017: 3560: 1313:

commanded by Brigadier General Stanley Mott (replacing Major General Alister Dallas who resigned due to poor health after the first battle), and the

2043:

2nd Lieutenant L. A. Craven earned the Military Cross for the effective placement of these machine guns. His wounds stopped him rejoining his unit.

3606: 4799: 1691:

suffered very heavy casualties while attacking Middlesex Hill to the northeast and was stopped within 300 yards (270 m) of their objective.

1592:

The 267th Brigade, 53rd (Welsh) Division was attached to the 52nd (Lowland) Division until 07:30 when it returned to the 53rd (Welsh) Division.

484: 376: 1599:

The available guns had been deployed at a ratio of one gun every 100 yards (91 m), compared with one gun every 36 feet (11 m) at

4785: 4263: 4010: 1662:

On the left of Eastern Attack and extending the line of the 53rd (Welsh) Division, the leading brigade of the 52nd (Lowland) Division, the

17: 4032: 242: 133: 1572:, fired at Ali Muntar. French ships became involved after operations passed out of the British naval zone, which ended at El Arish. One 965:

in 332 BC. The town was completely destroyed in 96 BC and rebuilt slightly to the south of the original site. This Gaza was captured by

1369:

was powered by a 105-horsepower engine. It had a revolver, loop holes, periscopes, dynamos and differentiator, and was armed with four

270: 1373:

and two auxiliary guns. This tank was manned by one officer sitting beside the driver, four gunners on bike seats and two greasers.

1370: 369: 1671: 1499: 599: 319: 1707:

a slight withdrawal, effective divisional artillery fire halted a strong Ottoman counterattack from Ali Muntar at about 15:30.

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satisfactorily." They worked well in sand so long as the treads were not greased, which was the normal practice. The tank,

877:, fought from August 1916 to January 1917, the EEF had pushed the defeated Ottoman Army eastwards. The EEF reoccupied the 4843: 4154: 3545: 3526: 1067: 4898: 3952: 3657: 1139:

of shell bursts and pieces of our own shells are falling in our own camp, almost a greater danger than Fritz's bombs.

3837:

Allenby in Palestine: The Middle East Correspondence of Field Marshal Viscount Allenby June 1917 – October 1919

4144: 1679: 1377:

4.5-inch gas shells was received by the EEF. These were to be the first gas shells used in the Palestine campaign.

4633: 1416:

the main positions defending Gaza, while Desert Column advanced on the right flank, in preparation for a pursuit.

4603: 1979: 1825: 1738: 1667: 582: 479: 4338: 1663: 1317:

commanded by Major General S. W. Hare. The 52nd (Lowland) Division had not been involved in fighting since the

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Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War: Forward by General Hüseyiln Kivrikoglu

4688: 4543: 3993: 1386: 1314: 1250:

16th Infantry Division and one regiment, either of the 47th Infantry Regiment or the 48th Infantry Regiment

938: 839: 831: 690: 516: 496: 393: 308: 290: 3930:. Official History New Zealand's Effort in the Great War. Vol. III. Auckland: Whitcombe & Tombs. 3568: 4608: 4303: 1048: 999: 621: 536: 4224: 3839:. Army Records Society. Vol. 22. Phoenix Mill, Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. 1564:

The battle began at 05:30 with a two-hour artillery bombardment during which the French coastguard ship

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Downes, Rupert M. (1938). "The Campaign in Sinai and Palestine". In Butler, Arthur Graham (ed.).

1829:

Lieutenant Craven's Vickers Gun Section being shelled while effectively targeting Hairpin redoubt

1821:

Sausage Ridge – 5th Mounted and New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigades (Anzac Mounted Division)

1306: 1079: 1075: 1063: 1059: 962: 766: 717: 577: 521: 417: 282: 178: 4763: 4703: 4573: 4558: 4538: 4488: 4473: 4423: 4328: 4273: 4258: 4139: 4075: 1600: 1037: 787: 700: 641: 556: 531: 489: 452: 412: 302: 294: 3743:. No. 26 of Cass Series: Military History and Policy. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. 4598: 4403: 4358: 4283: 4214: 4164: 4149: 4109: 4070: 1688: 1634: 995: 797: 614: 551: 286: 194: 3760:

Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from the outbreak of war with Germany to June 1917

4758: 4663: 4623: 4618: 4533: 4493: 4478: 4448: 4353: 4313: 4248: 1983: 1463: 1071: 924: 835: 754: 626: 511: 469: 437: 8: 4733: 4568: 4563: 4518: 4503: 4363: 4348: 4288: 4119: 1987: 1615:

Falls Sketch Map 16 Second Battle of Gaza. Position at 10:30 detail of the western sector

1087: 1083: 990:

a strong detachment on the flank of a line stretching inland from the Mediterranean Sea.

958: 934: 812: 729: 546: 541: 49: 1649: 4693: 4643: 4638: 4578: 4458: 4428: 4418: 4243: 4194: 4184: 4169: 4134: 4129: 3600: 1764: 1433: 1412: 1055: 1030: 933:

decision to reduce large scale operations in Palestine was reversed on the 26 February

916: 890: 870: 761: 685: 594: 442: 84: 4768: 4748: 4683: 4628: 4483: 4413: 4398: 4368: 4278: 4253: 4114: 4046: 3967: 3948: 3931: 3914: 3897: 3876: 3859: 3840: 3821: 3799: 3780: 3763: 3744: 3727: 3710: 3693: 3674: 3653: 3636: 3619: 3588: 1696: 1573: 771: 670: 561: 3726:. No. 201 Contributions in Military Studies. Westport Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 4728: 4708: 4698: 4678: 4613: 4453: 4443: 4438: 4298: 4219: 4209: 4159: 3911:

The Mounted Riflemen in Sinai & Palestine: The Story of New Zealand's Crusaders

2089:

Secret Military Handbrook 23/1/17 Supplies pp. 38–49 Water pp. 50–3 Notes pp. 54–5

1768: 1759: 1318: 1305:

Murray ordered Dobell to attack Gaza with three infantry divisions. These were the

1006: 985:

First Battle of Gaza. Position at about 18:00 on 26 March (Ottomans shown in green)

912: 866: 802: 744: 705: 695: 675: 665: 432: 247: 3687: 3668: 2006:

This Ottoman division should not be confused with the EEF's 53rd (Welsh) Division.

4738: 4718: 4668: 4653: 4593: 4508: 4433: 4408: 4268: 3670:

The Australian Flying Corps in the Western and Eastern Theatres of War, 1914–1918

3582: 1349: 1345: 1033: 882: 843: 807: 792: 749: 734: 680: 655: 609: 427: 422: 4648: 4463: 4189: 4035: 3818:

Chauvel of the Light Horse: A Biography of General Sir Harry Chauvel, GCMG, KCB

3705:

Duguid, Charles Scotty's Brother; Department of Repatriation Australia (1919).

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The Anzac Experience New Zealand, Australia and Empire in the First World War

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would begin their attack by pushing forward along the Es Sire Ridge with the

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It was reported that the gas had "some effect", and "no apparent effects."

1714: 1611: 1568:, protected by a screen of drifters and trawlers and escorted by two French 1017:

Preparations for the second attack included the extension of the railway to

4388: 3935: 3901: 1543: 851: 3893:

How Jerusalem Was Won: Being the Record of Allenby's Campaign in Palestine

3704: 1749: 1154: 1029:

Between the first and second battles of Gaza, Desert Column, commanded by

4234: 4100: 1891: 1425: 966: 945:, and had been fought over many times during its 4,000-year history. The 942: 930: 893:. However, the result of the First Battle of Gaza had been as close to a 780: 3891: 3616:

History of the Great War Based on Official Documents Veterinary Services

3652:. Australian Army History. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. 1787:

Operations on 19 April 1917 in the middle of the Gaza to Beersheba line

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Positions gained by 10:30 on 19 April and positions later consolidated

1518: 1506: 57:

machine gun corps defending Tel esh Sheria, and the Gaza line in 1917.

3813: 3633:

The Great Ride: The Diary of a Light Horse Brigade Scout, World War 1

1837: 1569: 1486: 1131: 946: 855: 847: 163: 80: 1633:

on the left was to capture Sheikh Ajlin on the sea shore, while the

1385:

A total of 25 aircraft were available in the 5th Wing, including 17

1327: 1036:, was reorganised into an exclusively mounted force comprising the 974: 3988: 3871:

McPherson, Joseph W. (1985). Barry Carman; John McPherson (eds.).

3858:. Melbourne: Directorate of Military Training by Wilkie & Co. 3739:

Erickson, Edward J. (2007). John Gooch; Brian Holden Reid (eds.).

1474: 970: 950: 2744: 2742: 1982:, when plans for a fresh effort in the autumn were developed to 3567:. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. April 1917. Archived from 3544:. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. April 1917. Archived from 3525:. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. April 1917. Archived from 2890:

Imperial Mounted Division War Diary AWM4-1-56-2part1 April 1917

1850:

Hareira – 1st Light Horse Brigade (Anzac Mounted Division)

954: 253: 148: 3741:

Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A Comparative Study

3614:

Blenkinsop, Layton John; Rainey, John Wakefield, eds. (1925).

1226:

12 heavy mountain howitzers in two Austrian howitzer batteries

1186:

32nd Infantry Regiment (two battalions including machine guns)

1183:

31st Infantry Regiment (two battalions including machine guns)

4879:

Military operations of World War I involving chemical weapons

3707:

Desert Trail: With the Light Horse through Sinai to Palestine

3587:(1st provisional 9 April ed.). Cairo: Government Press. 2739: 2514:

German and Turkish sources in Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 349 note 2

1280:

Two battalions of the 79th Regiment (16th Infantry Division)

1264:

Two battalions of the 79th Regiment (16th Infantry Division)

878: 830:

was fought on 17–19 April 1917, following the defeat of the

3048: 3046: 3779:. New Vanguard. Vol. 100. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 3583:

Great Britain, Army, Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1918).

3043: 1841:

An Australian observing the battle from an armoured car

3425: 3423: 1229:

Two long guns in the German 10-cm battery from Pasha I

3964:

Hell in the Holy Land: World War I in the Middle East

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Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire

4864:

Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom

3561:"Imperial Mounted Division General Staff War Diary" 3420: 2158: 2149: 1469: 1326:, which had been hastily formed from 18 dismounted 1208:Group Tiller, a total of seven infantry battalions 1144:

Joseph W. McPherson, Egyptian Camel Transport Corps

3131: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2532:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 321 and note 1, p. 349 note 2 1723:Eastern Attack – 54th (East Anglian) Division 1697:7th (Blythswood) Battalion Highland Light Infantry 1458:headquarters from near In Seirat to Tel el Jemmi. 1024: 4889:History of the Royal Air Force during World War I 3650:Light Horse: A History of Australia's Mounted Arm 3585:Handbook on Northern Palestine and Southern Syria 2334:11th Light Horse Regiment War Diary AWM4,10-16-19 1074:. The Imperial Mounted Division consisted of the 4830: 3853: 3613: 2599: 2597: 1411:Dobell and Murray discussed the advantages of a 1198:One 15-centimetre (5.9 in) howitzer battery 391: 124: 3966:. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky. 3925: 3757: 3323: 3321: 3124: 3122: 3087: 3085: 2676: 2351: 2349: 1527:southwest of Hareira, at dawn. A patrol of the 1309:commanded by Major General W. E. B. Smith, the 3989:Download Pictures of the Second Battle of Gaza 3311: 3309: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 4018: 3335: 3333: 2973: 2971: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2594: 2217: 2215: 2074: 1658:Eastern Attack – 52nd (Lowland) Division 1452: 953:had attacked Gaza, followed in 731 BC by the 377: 169: 4884:Aerial operations and battles of World War I 4859:Battles of World War I involving New Zealand 4786:List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire 3605:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3437: 3435: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3379: 3377: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3318: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3258: 3256: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3187: 3185: 3175: 3173: 3119: 3082: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2346: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 1741:attacked on the left with the 4th Battalion 1158:The Eastern Desert (also known as the Negev) 1098: 4849:Battles of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign 3873:The Man Who Loved Egypt: Bimbashi McPherson 3565:First World War Diaries AWM4, 1-56-2 Part 1 3306: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2813: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2476: 2474: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2430: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2056: 1867: 1704:8th Battalion Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) 1624:Coastal attack – 53rd (Welsh) Division 154: 4854:Battles of World War I involving Australia 4025: 4011: 3459:German and Turkish sources in Falls p. 350 3330: 2968: 2797: 2795: 2751: 2694: 2658: 2606: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2212: 2142: 2140: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 1242:One regiment of the 16th Infantry Division 1203:One regiment of the 16th Infantry Division 1090:. The 4th Light Horse Brigade arrived at 384: 370: 3996:The New Zealanders in Sinai and Palestine 3928:The New Zealanders in Sinai and Palestine 3870: 3820:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 3432: 3395: 3374: 3342: 3283: 3253: 3212: 3182: 3170: 2922: 2902: 2628:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 328–9, 332 and note 2501: 2462: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2372: 2101: 1796:Atawineh – Imperial Mounted Division 1538: 4874:Battles of World War I involving Germany 3961: 3793: 3774: 3738: 3721: 3110: 3094: 3034: 2954: 2868: 2852: 2827: 2553: 2471: 2448: 2358: 2301: 2276: 2256: 1836: 1824: 1782: 1748: 1713: 1648: 1610: 1542: 1517: 1505: 1485: 1473: 1153: 980: 865:As a result of the EEF victories at the 850:was defended by the strongly entrenched 185: 139: 3942: 3913:. Christchurch: Whitcombe & Tombs. 3666: 3630: 2792: 2233: 2137: 2119: 1718:Position at 14:00 Second Battle of Gaza 1672:157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade 1500:157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade 1334: 1246:At Tel esh Sheria (Force Headquarters) 1107:Joseph W. McPherson, an officer in the 27:1917 Ottoman victory during World War I 14: 4831: 3889: 3834: 3685: 3523:First World War Diaries AWM4, 10-16-19 2414: 1811:Brigade Scout, 3rd Light Horse Brigade 1232:Two Ottoman field artillery batteries. 906: 4006: 3908: 3519:"11th Light Horse Regiment War Diary" 3149:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 336, 340–1, 343 3004:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 335 note, p. 337 1730:163rd (Norfolk & Suffolk) Brigade 1496:163rd (Norfolk & Suffolk) Brigade 1214:2nd Battalion, 81st Infantry Regiment 898:exceeded, 50% for only slight gains. 858:. The defenders were attacked by the 365: 227:(military commanders & air force) 42:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I 3812: 1674:remained in Eastern Attack reserve. 1195:Austrian mountain howitzer batteries 4040:Ottoman battles in the 20th century 3709:. Adelaide: W. K. Thomas & Co. 3689:Gallipoli, Palestine and New Guinea 3647: 3542:"3rd Light Horse Brigade War Diary" 2603:3rd LHB War Diary Order No. 21 p. 1 1606: 1577:afternoon which fired a torpedo at 1522:Eastern operations on 17 April 1917 1510:Western operations on 17 April 1917 1490:Central operations on 17 April 1917 1300: 1253:3rd Cavalry Division's 1,500 swords 1162: 24: 3926:Powles, C. Guy; A. Wilkie (1922). 3854:Keogh, E. G.; Joan Graham (1955). 2995:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 335 note, 337 1778: 1397: 25: 4910: 3982: 3896:. London: Constable and Company. 3758:Falls, Cyril; G. MacMunn (1930). 3667:Cutlack, Frederic Morley (1941). 3540: 3271:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 337, 339–40 3079:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 330–3, 336–7 1380: 1344:, the 201st Siege Battery of two 1192:Four batteries of field artillery 961:conducting three attacks and the 4344:Kirte Bağları (Krithia Vineyard) 4034: 3498: 3489: 3480: 3471: 3462: 3453: 3444: 3411: 3386: 3365: 3356: 3297: 3274: 3265: 3244: 3235: 3226: 3203: 3194: 3161: 3152: 3143: 2298:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 274, 343–4 2037: 1470:Initial assault: 17 and 18 April 1406: 264: 252: 241: 216: 202: 187: 171: 156: 141: 126: 111: 48: 3994:The Second Battle of Gaza from 3890:Massey, William Thomas (1919). 3073: 3064: 3055: 3025: 3016: 3007: 2998: 2989: 2980: 2945: 2936: 2893: 2884: 2843: 2804: 2783: 2774: 2765: 2730: 2721: 2712: 2667: 2649: 2640: 2631: 2622: 2585: 2576: 2567: 2544: 2535: 2526: 2517: 2492: 2483: 2405: 2396: 2337: 2328: 2319: 2292: 2247: 2224: 2203: 2194: 2185: 2176: 2167: 2028: 2019: 2009: 2000: 1980:Stalemate in Southern Palestine 1968: 1668:156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade 1025:Reorganisation of Desert Column 3796:The Battle for Palestine, 1917 3280:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 336, 343 3241:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 339, 342 3128:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 333, 337 2899:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 330, 332 2727:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 328, 445 2673:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 315, 337 2191:Blenkinsop et al. 1925, p. 185 2092: 2083: 2065: 1664:155th (South Scottish) Brigade 1559: 1311:53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division 1109:Egyptian Camel Transport Corps 13: 1: 4319:3rd Arıburnu (3rd Anzac Cove) 4304:2nd Arıburnu (2nd Anzac Cove) 3835:Hughes, Matthew, ed. (2004). 3798:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. 3510: 3477:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 348 note 3209:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 341 note 3031:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 337 note 3013:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 335 note 2849:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 330 note 2748:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 328 note 2591:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 331 note 2182:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 299–303 1919:54th (East Anglian) Division 1884: 1680:King's Own Scottish Borderers 1529:1/1st Worcestershire Yeomanry 901: 4781:For the battles before 1900 4379:Yusufçuktepe (Scimitar Hill) 3943:Pugsley, Christoper (2004). 3722:Erickson, Edward J. (2001). 2173:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 289–99 2050: 1942: 1934: 1926: 1918: 1910: 1902: 1862: 1753:Disabled British Mark I tank 1356:A detachment of eight heavy 1315:54th (East Anglian) Division 939:Egyptian Expeditionary Force 840:Sinai and Palestine Campaign 832:Egyptian Expeditionary Force 395:Sinai and Palestine Campaign 291:54th (East Anglian) Division 18:Second Battle of Gaza (1917) 7: 3962:Woodward, David R. (2006). 3875:. London: Ariel Books BBC. 3618:. London: H.M. Stationers. 3468:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 346–7 3392:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 345–6 3362:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 344–5 3303:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 343–4 3232:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 338–9 3200:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 342–3 3070:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 336–7 3061:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 337–8 3022:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 335–7 2986:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 334–5 2951:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 333–4 2664:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 328–9 2489:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 348–9 1953: 1945: 1937: 1929: 1921: 1913: 1905: 1353:line, marking every flash. 10: 4915: 4844:1917 in the Ottoman Empire 3909:Moore, A. Briscoe (1920). 3794:Grainger, John D. (2006). 3631:Bostock, Harry P. (1982). 1935:Imperial Mounted Division 1494:Two tanks attached to the 1453:Preliminary move: 16 April 1149: 1115: 1078:and the recently reformed 910: 885:and crossed over into the 271:Friedrich von Kressenstein 4777: 4284:1st Arıburnu (Anzac Cove) 4274:Seddülbayır (Cape Helles) 4233: 4099: 4045: 3777:British Tank Mark I, 1916 3408:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 346 2691:Blenkinsop 1925 pp. 185–6 2637:Bruce 2002, pp.43–4, 92–3 1743:Northamptonshire Regiment 1581:, just missing the ship. 1447: 1189:Two machine gun companies 1099:Reconnaissance operations 1068:New Zealand Mounted Rifle 1049:Imperial Mounted Division 403: 332: 299:Imperial Mounted Division 276: 234: 103: 61: 47: 39: 34: 4899:Gaza City in World War I 4384:Selman’ı Pak (Ctesiphon) 4125:Beşpınar (Pente Pigadia) 3947:. Auckland: Reed Books. 3775:Fletcher, David (2004). 3635:. Perth: Artlook Books. 3495:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 353 3383:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 345 3353:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 344 3294:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 347 3250:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 339 3223:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 338 3191:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 342 3179:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 341 3116:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 336 3107:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 343 3052:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 337 3040:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 335 2965:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 334 2942:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 332 2865:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 333 2840:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 330 2564:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 331 2523:Erickson 2007 pp. 99–100 2369:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 329 2325:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 274 2316:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 328 2273:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 327 2146:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 326 2134:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 348 2080:McPherson 1985 pp. 172–3 2071:Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 281 1993: 1903:52nd (Lowland) Division 1868:Cessation of EEF attacks 1631:159th (Cheshire) Brigade 1324:74th (Yeomanry) Division 4205:2nd Edirne (Adrianople) 4155:1st Edirne (Adrianople) 3504:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 36 2550:Erickson 2007 pp. 101–2 2541:Cutlack 1941 p. 57 note 1943:Imperial Camel Brigade 1927:Anzac Mounted Division 1653:Ottoman machine gunners 1307:52nd (Lowland) Division 1220:One squadron of cavalry 1217:125th Infantry Regiment 583:Berukin & 1st Arara 283:52nd (Lowland) Division 3091:Woodward 2006 pp. 74–5 2402:Duguid 1919 pp. 42, 45 2062:Woodward 2006, p. 68–9 1911:53rd (Welsh) Division 1842: 1830: 1814: 1788: 1754: 1719: 1654: 1616: 1548: 1539:Exploitation: 19 April 1523: 1511: 1491: 1479: 1371:Hotchkiss machine guns 1223:One company of camelry 1211:79th Infantry Regiment 1180:3rd Infantry Division 1159: 1147: 1038:Anzac Mounted Division 986: 889:territory of southern 497:2nd Southern Palestine 480:1st Southern Palestine 303:Imperial Camel Brigade 295:Anzac Mounted Division 235:Commanders and leaders 4604:Berukin and 1st Arara 4349:Kanlısırt (Lone Pine) 3450:Cutlack 1941 pp. 61–2 3417:Powles 1922 pp. 104–5 3327:Powles 1922 pp. 101–2 2824:Downes 1938 pp. 620–1 2789:Downes 1938 pp. 621–2 2411:McPherson 1985 p. 173 2355:McPherson 1985 p. 174 2200:Powles 1922, pp. 90–3 1840: 1828: 1803: 1786: 1752: 1717: 1689:Royal Scots Fusiliers 1652: 1635:160th (Wales) Brigade 1614: 1546: 1521: 1509: 1489: 1477: 1283:One artillery battery 1157: 1136: 1082:Light Horse with the 1072:22nd Mounted Brigades 984: 935:Anglo-French Congress 838:in March, during the 828:Second Battle of Gaza 485:Hafir el Auja railway 333:Casualties and losses 287:53rd (Welsh) Division 35:Second Battle of Gaza 4369:Kılıçbayır (The Nek) 4244:Köprüköy (Bergmann) 3315:Keogh 1955 pp. 117–8 2445:Erickson 2001 p. 163 2155:Bruce 2002, pp. 92–3 1335:Artillery and armour 1088:6th Mounted Brigades 925:First Battle of Gaza 836:First Battle of Gaza 517:Hareira & Sheria 352:1,337–1,364 wounded, 4815:31.4893°N 34.4737°E 4811: / 4120:Kırcalı (Kardzhali) 2977:Woodward 2006 p. 74 2762:Woodward 2006 p. 77 2736:Fletcher 2004 p. 34 2709:Woodward 2006 p. 73 2619:Erickson 2007 p. 99 2253:Gullett 1941 p. 294 2221:Woodward 2006 p. 71 2209:Pugsley 2004 p. 138 2164:Downes 1938, p. 618 2116:Woodward 2006 p. 72 973:in 1187 AD, and by 907:Strategic situation 691:Afulah & Beisan 347:6,444 & 3 tanks 4544:Hareira and Sheria 3814:Hill, Alec Jeffrey 3648:Bou, Jean (2009). 3429:Powles 1922 p. 105 3371:Powles 1922 p. 102 3339:Bostock 1982 p. 71 2933:Powles 1922 p. 100 2919:Downes 1938 p. 622 2780:Cutlack 1941 p. 62 2718:Downes 1938 p. 620 2468:Downes 1938 p. 621 2393:Cutlack 1941 p. 61 2343:Bostock 1982 p. 68 2230:Keogh 1955, p. 102 1843: 1831: 1789: 1765:Hampshire Regiment 1755: 1720: 1678:Battalion, of the 1655: 1617: 1549: 1524: 1512: 1492: 1480: 1434:Battle of Magdhaba 1160: 1031:Lieutenant General 987: 917:Battle of Magdhaba 871:Battle of Magdhaba 650:Northern Palestine 459:Southern Palestine 4894:April 1917 events 4839:Conflicts in 1917 4794: 4793: 4689:Afulah and Beisan 4659:German Expedition 4399:Erzurum offensive 4145:İşkodra (Scutari) 4047:Italo-Turkish War 3973:978-0-8131-2383-7 3882:978-0-563-20437-4 3846:978-0-7509-3841-9 3827:978-0-522-84146-6 3805:978-1-843-83263-8 3786:978-1-841-76689-8 3750:978-0-203-96456-9 3486:Hughes 2004 p. 34 3441:Keogh 1955 p. 118 3262:Keogh 1955 p. 117 3140:Woodward pp. 74–5 2881:Powles 1922 p. 99 2771:Keogh 1955 p. 119 2646:Powles 1922 p. 87 2573:Powles 1922 p. 97 2498:Massey 1919 p. 16 2480:Keogh 1955 p. 113 2459:Keogh 1955 p. 115 2289:Keogh 1955 p. 114 2244:Moore 1920, p. 67 1958: 1957: 1066:Light Horse, the 881:territory of the 821: 820: 360: 359: 99: 98: 16:(Redirected from 4906: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4822: 4821: 4820:31.4893; 34.4737 4816: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4804: 4724:Jisr Benat Yakub 4409:Felahiye (Hanna) 4299:Battle of Dilman 4264:Naval operations 4180:Varna (Kaliakra) 4039: 4038: 4027: 4020: 4013: 4004: 4003: 3977: 3958: 3939: 3922: 3905: 3886: 3867: 3850: 3831: 3809: 3790: 3771: 3754: 3735: 3718: 3701: 3682: 3663: 3644: 3627: 3610: 3604: 3596: 3579: 3577: 3576: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3537: 3535: 3534: 3505: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3430: 3427: 3418: 3415: 3409: 3406: 3393: 3390: 3384: 3381: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3340: 3337: 3328: 3325: 3316: 3313: 3304: 3301: 3295: 3292: 3281: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3263: 3260: 3251: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3233: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3210: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3180: 3177: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3129: 3126: 3117: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3092: 3089: 3080: 3077: 3071: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3053: 3050: 3041: 3038: 3032: 3029: 3023: 3020: 3014: 3011: 3005: 3002: 2996: 2993: 2987: 2984: 2978: 2975: 2966: 2963: 2952: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2920: 2917: 2900: 2897: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2879: 2866: 2863: 2850: 2847: 2841: 2838: 2825: 2822: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2801:Hill 1978 p. 108 2799: 2790: 2787: 2781: 2778: 2772: 2769: 2763: 2760: 2749: 2746: 2737: 2734: 2728: 2725: 2719: 2716: 2710: 2707: 2692: 2689: 2674: 2671: 2665: 2662: 2656: 2655:Moore 1920 p. 65 2653: 2647: 2644: 2638: 2635: 2629: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2604: 2601: 2592: 2589: 2583: 2582:Moore 1920 p. 70 2580: 2574: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2551: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2524: 2521: 2515: 2512: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2481: 2478: 2469: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2446: 2443: 2428: 2425: 2412: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2370: 2367: 2356: 2353: 2344: 2341: 2335: 2332: 2326: 2323: 2317: 2314: 2299: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2274: 2271: 2254: 2251: 2245: 2242: 2231: 2228: 2222: 2219: 2210: 2207: 2201: 2198: 2192: 2189: 2183: 2180: 2174: 2171: 2165: 2162: 2156: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2135: 2132: 2117: 2114: 2099: 2098:Moore 1920, p.68 2096: 2090: 2087: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2063: 2060: 2044: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2023: 2017: 2013: 2007: 2004: 1892: 1812: 1769:Suffolk Regiment 1760:Norfolk Regiment 1607:Infantry attacks 1350:6-inch howitzers 1319:Battle of Romani 1301:Attacking forces 1163:Defending forces 1145: 1007:Archibald Murray 998:failures on the 913:Battle of Romani 867:Battle of Romani 740:Jisr Benat Yakub 537:Junction Station 398: 396: 386: 379: 372: 363: 362: 269: 268: 257: 256: 248:Archibald Murray 246: 245: 228: 222: 220: 219: 208: 206: 205: 197: 193: 191: 190: 181: 177: 175: 174: 166: 162: 160: 159: 151: 147: 145: 144: 136: 132: 130: 129: 117: 115: 114: 69:17–19 April 1917 63: 62: 52: 32: 31: 21: 4914: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4829: 4828: 4819: 4817: 4813: 4810: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4790: 4773: 4609:2nd Transjordan 4235:First World War 4229: 4095: 4041: 4033: 4031: 3985: 3980: 3974: 3955: 3883: 3847: 3828: 3806: 3787: 3751: 3660: 3598: 3597: 3574: 3572: 3559: 3551: 3549: 3532: 3530: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3433: 3428: 3421: 3416: 3412: 3407: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3343: 3338: 3331: 3326: 3319: 3314: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3284: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3261: 3254: 3249: 3245: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3183: 3178: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3132: 3127: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3095: 3090: 3083: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3008: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2969: 2964: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2923: 2918: 2903: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2869: 2864: 2853: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2828: 2823: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2793: 2788: 2784: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2752: 2747: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2695: 2690: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2607: 2602: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2484: 2479: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2449: 2444: 2431: 2427:Bou 2009 p. 162 2426: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2373: 2368: 2359: 2354: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2277: 2272: 2257: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2138: 2133: 2120: 2115: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2014: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1971: 1887: 1870: 1865: 1813: 1810: 1781: 1779:Mounted attacks 1739:London Regiment 1609: 1562: 1541: 1478:The Battlefield 1472: 1462:Ghuzzee at the 1455: 1450: 1409: 1400: 1398:Medical support 1383: 1342:60-pounder guns 1337: 1303: 1165: 1152: 1146: 1143: 1118: 1101: 1034:Philip Chetwode 1027: 927: 909: 904: 883:Sinai Peninsula 844:First World War 824: 823: 822: 817: 632:3rd Transjordan 622:2nd Transjordan 605:1st Transjordan 399: 394: 392: 390: 355: 353: 351: 343: 341: 339: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 263: 251: 250: 240: 226: 217: 215: 203: 201: 188: 186: 184: 172: 170: 157: 155: 142: 140: 127: 125: 112: 110: 95:Ottoman victory 87: 70: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4912: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4744:Jisr ed Damieh 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4474:Bir el Hassana 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4240: 4238: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4106: 4104: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4052: 4050: 4043: 4042: 4030: 4029: 4022: 4015: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3991: 3984: 3983:External links 3981: 3979: 3978: 3972: 3959: 3953: 3940: 3923: 3906: 3887: 3881: 3868: 3856:Suez to Aleppo 3851: 3845: 3832: 3826: 3810: 3804: 3791: 3785: 3772: 3755: 3749: 3736: 3719: 3702: 3683: 3664: 3658: 3645: 3628: 3611: 3580: 3557: 3538: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3479: 3470: 3461: 3452: 3443: 3431: 3419: 3410: 3394: 3385: 3373: 3364: 3355: 3341: 3329: 3317: 3305: 3296: 3282: 3273: 3264: 3252: 3243: 3234: 3225: 3211: 3202: 3193: 3181: 3169: 3160: 3151: 3142: 3130: 3118: 3109: 3093: 3081: 3072: 3063: 3054: 3042: 3033: 3024: 3015: 3006: 2997: 2988: 2979: 2967: 2953: 2944: 2935: 2921: 2901: 2892: 2883: 2867: 2851: 2842: 2826: 2812: 2803: 2791: 2782: 2773: 2764: 2750: 2738: 2729: 2720: 2711: 2693: 2675: 2666: 2657: 2648: 2639: 2630: 2621: 2605: 2593: 2584: 2575: 2566: 2552: 2543: 2534: 2525: 2516: 2500: 2491: 2482: 2470: 2461: 2447: 2429: 2413: 2404: 2395: 2371: 2357: 2345: 2336: 2327: 2318: 2300: 2291: 2275: 2255: 2246: 2232: 2223: 2211: 2202: 2193: 2184: 2175: 2166: 2157: 2148: 2136: 2118: 2100: 2091: 2082: 2073: 2064: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2036: 2027: 2018: 2008: 1998: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1970: 1967: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1924: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1896: 1886: 1883: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1852: 1851: 1823: 1822: 1808: 1798: 1797: 1780: 1777: 1725: 1724: 1660: 1659: 1644:bayonet attack 1626: 1625: 1608: 1605: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1561: 1558: 1540: 1537: 1471: 1468: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1438:Battle of Rafa 1408: 1405: 1399: 1396: 1382: 1381:Aerial support 1379: 1336: 1333: 1302: 1299: 1287: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1267:Four batteries 1262: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1244: 1243: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1164: 1161: 1151: 1148: 1141: 1117: 1114: 1100: 1097: 1026: 1023: 1012:Charles Dobell 969:in 635 AD, by 929:An 11 January 921:Battle of Rafa 908: 905: 903: 900: 895:British Empire 887:Ottoman Empire 875:Battle of Rafa 819: 818: 816: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 784: 783: 777: 776: 775: 774: 769: 762:Northern Syria 759: 758: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 726: 725: 721: 720: 715: 714: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 663: 658: 652: 651: 647: 646: 645: 644: 639: 637:Jisr ed Damieh 629: 624: 619: 618: 617: 612: 602: 597: 591: 590: 586: 585: 580: 574: 573: 569: 568: 567: 566: 565: 564: 559: 554: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 494: 493: 492: 487: 477: 472: 467: 461: 460: 456: 455: 453:Bir el Hassana 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 409: 408: 404: 401: 400: 389: 388: 381: 374: 366: 358: 357: 350:82–402 killed, 348: 340:4,359 wounded, 335: 334: 330: 329: 328: 327: 322: 317: 305: 279: 278: 277:Units involved 274: 273: 261: 259:Charles Dobell 237: 236: 232: 231: 230: 229: 210:Ottoman Empire 198: 183: 182: 167: 152: 137: 134:United Kingdom 119:British Empire 106: 105: 101: 100: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 79: 77: 73: 72: 67: 59: 58: 45: 44: 37: 36: 30: 29: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4911: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4827: 4824: 4787: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4776: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4589:Khan Baghdadi 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4339:Kara Killisse 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4044: 4037: 4028: 4023: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4009: 4008: 4005: 3999: 3997: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3975: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3956: 3954:9780790009414 3950: 3946: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3894: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3801: 3797: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3665: 3661: 3659:9780521197083 3655: 3651: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3581: 3571:on 2012-10-25 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3548:on 2011-03-21 3547: 3543: 3539: 3529:on 2011-03-16 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3501: 3492: 3483: 3474: 3465: 3456: 3447: 3438: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3414: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3389: 3380: 3378: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3324: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3300: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3277: 3268: 3259: 3257: 3247: 3238: 3229: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3206: 3197: 3188: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3164: 3155: 3146: 3137: 3135: 3125: 3123: 3113: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3076: 3067: 3058: 3049: 3047: 3037: 3028: 3019: 3010: 3001: 2992: 2983: 2974: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2948: 2939: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2896: 2887: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2846: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2807: 2798: 2796: 2786: 2777: 2768: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2733: 2724: 2715: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2670: 2661: 2652: 2643: 2634: 2625: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2588: 2579: 2570: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2547: 2538: 2529: 2520: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2495: 2486: 2477: 2475: 2465: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2408: 2399: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2352: 2350: 2340: 2331: 2322: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2295: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2250: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2227: 2218: 2216: 2206: 2197: 2188: 2179: 2170: 2161: 2152: 2143: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2095: 2086: 2077: 2068: 2059: 2055: 2040: 2031: 2022: 2012: 2003: 1999: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1966: 1962: 1950: 1949: 1941: 1933: 1925: 1917: 1909: 1901: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1890: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1860: 1856: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1839: 1835: 1827: 1820: 1819: 1818: 1807: 1802: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1785: 1776: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1751: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1734: 1731: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1700: 1698: 1692: 1690: 1684: 1681: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1645: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1613: 1604: 1602: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1557: 1553: 1545: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1520: 1516: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1488: 1484: 1476: 1467: 1465: 1459: 1445: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1429: 1427: 1421: 1417: 1414: 1407:Dobell's plan 1404: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1378: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1362: 1359: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1282: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1276:At Beersheba 1269: 1266: 1265: 1263: 1261:53rd Division 1260: 1259: 1258: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1156: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1127: 1124: 1113: 1110: 1105: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1056:Henry Hodgson 1054: 1053:Major General 1051:commanded by 1050: 1046: 1045:Henry Chauvel 1043: 1042:Major General 1040:commanded by 1039: 1035: 1032: 1022: 1020: 1019:Deir el Belah 1015: 1013: 1008: 1005: 1001: 1000:Western Front 997: 991: 983: 979: 976: 972: 968: 964: 963:Siege of Gaza 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 926: 922: 918: 914: 899: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 863: 861: 860:Eastern Force 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 834:(EEF) at the 833: 829: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 785: 782: 779: 778: 773: 770: 768: 765: 764: 763: 760: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 732: 731: 728: 727: 723: 722: 719: 716: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 668: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 653: 649: 648: 643: 640: 638: 635: 634: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 616: 613: 611: 608: 607: 606: 603: 601: 600:Jordan Valley 598: 596: 593: 592: 588: 587: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 571: 570: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 549: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 499: 498: 495: 491: 488: 486: 483: 482: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 462: 458: 457: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 410: 406: 405: 402: 397: 387: 382: 380: 375: 373: 368: 367: 364: 356:200 prisoners 349: 346: 342:1,534 missing 337: 336: 331: 326: 325:53rd Division 323: 321: 320:16th Division 318: 316: 313: 312: 311: 310: 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 281: 280: 275: 272: 267: 262: 260: 255: 249: 244: 239: 238: 233: 225: 224:German Empire 214: 213: 212: 211: 199: 196: 180: 168: 165: 153: 150: 138: 135: 123: 122: 121: 120: 108: 107: 102: 94: 91: 90: 86: 82: 78: 75: 74: 71:(2 days) 68: 65: 64: 60: 56: 51: 46: 43: 38: 33: 19: 4796: 4782: 4559:Mughar Ridge 4549:Wadi el Hesi 4498: 4489:Jebel Hamlin 4190:İmroz (Elli) 3995: 3963: 3944: 3927: 3910: 3892: 3872: 3855: 3836: 3817: 3795: 3776: 3759: 3740: 3723: 3706: 3688: 3669: 3649: 3632: 3615: 3584: 3573:. Retrieved 3569:the original 3564: 3550:. Retrieved 3546:the original 3531:. Retrieved 3527:the original 3522: 3500: 3491: 3482: 3473: 3464: 3455: 3446: 3413: 3388: 3367: 3358: 3299: 3276: 3267: 3246: 3237: 3228: 3205: 3196: 3167:Falls p. 343 3163: 3158:Falls p. 341 3154: 3145: 3112: 3075: 3066: 3057: 3036: 3027: 3018: 3009: 3000: 2991: 2982: 2947: 2938: 2895: 2886: 2845: 2810:Keogh p. 115 2806: 2785: 2776: 2767: 2732: 2723: 2714: 2669: 2660: 2651: 2642: 2633: 2624: 2587: 2578: 2569: 2546: 2537: 2528: 2519: 2494: 2485: 2464: 2407: 2398: 2339: 2330: 2321: 2294: 2249: 2226: 2205: 2196: 2187: 2178: 2169: 2160: 2151: 2094: 2085: 2076: 2067: 2058: 2039: 2030: 2021: 2011: 2002: 1984:capture Gaza 1976: 1972: 1969:Consequences 1963: 1959: 1888: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1857: 1853: 1844: 1832: 1815: 1804: 1799: 1790: 1773: 1756: 1735: 1726: 1709: 1701: 1693: 1685: 1676: 1661: 1640: 1627: 1618: 1598: 1583: 1578: 1565: 1563: 1554: 1550: 1533: 1525: 1513: 1493: 1481: 1464:Shellal ford 1460: 1456: 1442: 1430: 1422: 1418: 1413:flank attack 1410: 1401: 1392: 1384: 1375: 1366: 1363: 1358:Mark I tanks 1355: 1338: 1304: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1275: 1270:Some cavalry 1257:At Kh Sihan 1256: 1245: 1237: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1137: 1128: 1119: 1106: 1102: 1028: 1016: 992: 988: 928: 864: 852:Ottoman Army 827: 825: 572:Judean Hills 532:Mughar Ridge 522:Wadi el Hesi 490:Buggar Ridge 474: 354:247 missing, 344: 315:3rd Division 307: 200: 109: 104:Belligerents 40:Part of the 4818: / 4354:Anafartalar 4237:(1914–1918) 4225:2nd Çatalca 4175:1st Çatalca 4140:Kirk Kilise 4110:Sarantaporo 4103:(1912–1913) 4101:Balkan Wars 4071:Kunfuda Bay 4049:(1911–1912) 1898:Casualties 1560:Bombardment 1426:iron ration 1238:At Hareira 1123:Martinsydes 967:Caliph Omar 943:Philistines 931:War Cabinet 781:Arab Revolt 589:Transjordan 552:Nebi Samwil 338:509 killed, 309:Fourth Army 179:New Zealand 83:, southern 4833:Categories 4806:34°28′25″E 4803:31°29′21″N 4759:Khan Ayash 4664:Abu Tellul 4624:Karakilisa 4619:Sardarabad 4584:Tell 'Asur 4449:Bir el Abd 4259:Suez Canal 4249:Sarikamish 4150:Lüleburgaz 3575:2012-12-13 3552:2012-12-10 3533:2012-12-10 3511:References 1885:Casualties 1570:destroyers 1331:brigades. 1112:bellies." 1092:Khan Yunus 1070:, and the 937:, and the 911:See also: 902:Background 873:, and the 755:Khan Ayash 627:Abu Tellul 578:Tell 'Asur 438:Bir el Abd 413:Suez Canal 4764:2nd Amman 4669:2nd Arara 4599:1st Amman 4569:Jerusalem 4564:Ayun Kara 4529:Khuweilfe 4524:Beersheba 4519:Wadi Musa 4504:Istabulat 4419:Trebizond 4394:Sağ Sahil 4364:Sarıbayır 4359:Conkbayır 4334:Manzikert 4329:Zığındere 4324:3rd Kirte 4314:No.3 Post 4309:2nd Kirte 4294:1st Kirte 3919:561949575 3864:220029983 3768:610273484 3715:220067047 3698:220879097 3679:220900299 3624:460717714 3601:cite book 2051:Citations 1988:Jerusalem 1863:Aftermath 959:Alexander 951:Assyrians 947:Egyptians 891:Palestine 856:Beersheba 813:Wadi Musa 681:2nd Arara 642:2nd Amman 615:1st Amman 547:Jerusalem 542:Ayun Kara 507:Khuweilfe 502:Beersheba 164:Australia 85:Palestine 4734:Damascus 4714:Tiberias 4694:Nazareth 4644:Binagadi 4639:Kurdamir 4534:3rd Gaza 4499:2nd Gaza 4494:1st Gaza 4484:Samarrah 4459:Magdhaba 4429:Erzincan 4289:Baby 700 4185:Merhamli 4170:Monastir 4135:Kumanovo 4130:Sorovich 4066:Benghazi 3816:(1978). 3732:43481698 3641:12024100 3593:23101324 1809:— 1806:further. 1436:and the 1367:War Baby 1328:yeomanry 1142:— 1047:and the 975:Napoleon 957:, with 949:and the 879:Egyptian 730:Damascus 711:Tiberias 686:Nazareth 512:3rd Gaza 475:2nd Gaza 470:1st Gaza 443:Magdhaba 76:Location 4769:Haritan 4749:Sharqat 4684:Tulkarm 4674:Megiddo 4629:Goychay 4579:Jericho 4539:Baghdad 4479:2nd Kut 4389:1st Kut 4374:Hill 60 4279:Kumkale 4254:Ardahan 4210:Bolayır 4195:Korytsa 4115:Yenidje 4056:Preveza 3936:2959465 3902:2056476 1579:Requin' 1574:monitor 1150:Prelude 1116:Air war 1004:General 971:Saladin 842:of the 772:Haritan 671:Tulkarm 661:Megiddo 595:Jericho 562:El Burj 423:Jifjafa 55:Ottoman 4754:Aleppo 4729:Kaukab 4709:Samakh 4679:Tabsor 4614:Abaran 4514:Ramadi 4444:Romani 4439:Bitlis 4220:Bizani 4215:Şarköy 4200:Lemnos 4165:Himara 4160:Prilep 4091:Zanzur 4086:Rhodes 4081:Beirut 4061:Tobruk 3998:(1922) 3970: 3951: 3934: 3917: 3900: 3879: 3862: 3843: 3824: 3802: 3783: 3766: 3747: 3730: 3713: 3696: 3677: 3656: 3639: 3622: 3591: 1954:6,325 1951:Total 1922:2,870 1906:1,874 1566:Requin 1448:Battle 1387:B.E.2s 1346:8-inch 996:Allied 955:Greeks 923:, and 869:, the 793:Medina 767:Aleppo 745:Kaukab 718:Nablus 706:Samakh 676:Tabsor 666:Sharon 433:Romani 418:El Tor 345:Total: 221: 207: 195:France 192: 176: 161: 149:Canada 146: 131: 116: 92:Result 4739:Kiswe 4719:Irbid 4704:Haifa 4699:Jenin 4654:Arsuf 4634:Aghsu 4594:Hijla 4574:Jaffa 4509:Aqaba 4469:Nekhl 4454:Yanbu 4434:Aqaba 4424:Mecca 4414:Sabis 4269:Katya 4076:Derna 1994:Notes 1895:Unit 1601:Arras 808:Aqaba 803:Yanbu 788:Mecca 750:Kiswe 735:Irbid 724:Syria 701:Haifa 696:Jenin 656:Arsuf 610:Hijla 557:Jaffa 448:Nekhl 428:Katia 407:Sinai 4649:Baku 4464:Rafa 4404:Wadi 3968:ISBN 3949:ISBN 3932:OCLC 3915:OCLC 3898:OCLC 3877:ISBN 3860:OCLC 3841:ISBN 3822:ISBN 3800:ISBN 3781:ISBN 3764:OCLC 3745:ISBN 3728:OCLC 3711:OCLC 3694:OCLC 3675:OCLC 3654:ISBN 3637:OCLC 3620:OCLC 3607:link 3589:OCLC 1986:and 1946:345 1938:547 1930:105 1914:584 1348:and 1086:and 1062:and 848:Gaza 826:The 798:Taif 465:Rafa 81:Gaza 66:Date 4783:see 4554:Huj 1132:Huj 1084:5th 1080:4th 1076:3rd 1064:2nd 1060:1st 527:Huj 4835:: 3603:}} 3599:{{ 3563:. 3521:. 3434:^ 3422:^ 3397:^ 3376:^ 3344:^ 3332:^ 3320:^ 3308:^ 3285:^ 3255:^ 3214:^ 3184:^ 3172:^ 3133:^ 3121:^ 3096:^ 3084:^ 3045:^ 2970:^ 2956:^ 2924:^ 2904:^ 2870:^ 2854:^ 2829:^ 2815:^ 2794:^ 2753:^ 2741:^ 2696:^ 2678:^ 2608:^ 2596:^ 2555:^ 2503:^ 2473:^ 2450:^ 2432:^ 2416:^ 2374:^ 2360:^ 2348:^ 2303:^ 2278:^ 2258:^ 2235:^ 2214:^ 2139:^ 2121:^ 2103:^ 1990:. 1440:. 1428:. 1002:. 919:, 915:, 846:. 4026:e 4019:t 4012:v 3976:. 3957:. 3938:. 3921:. 3904:. 3885:. 3866:. 3849:. 3830:. 3808:. 3789:. 3770:. 3753:. 3734:. 3717:. 3700:. 3681:. 3662:. 3643:. 3626:. 3609:) 3595:. 3578:. 3555:. 3536:. 385:e 378:t 371:v 20:)

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Second Battle of Gaza

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