1213:, noted that unyielding defence of the most forward positions had failed several times. The French had severely damaged German field fortifications and cut the barbed wire obstacles in front of them by long artillery bombardments. The second position had not been broken into and the 3rd Army reported that the decision to construct it had been vindicated, since the French had to suspend their attacks until artillery had been moved forward, which took until 4 October. The momentum of the initial breakthrough had not been maintained, because the French troops crowding forward had become disorganised, which made co-ordinated attacks impossible to arrange. French prisoners were reported to have said that there had been no methodical staging of the reserves to exploit a breakthrough and concluded with the view that one might still be possible.
1228:(hasty counter-attacks by troops in the vicinity), had succeeded against French units weakened by losses, which had not had time to consolidate captured ground. It was recommended that such reserves should be made available by reducing the number of German troops in the front line, as one man every 6 ft 7 in – 9 ft 10 in (2–3 m) was enough. Co-operation between all arms, assistance from neighbouring sectors and the exploitation of flanking moves had defeated the French offensive. More intermediate strong points, built for all-round defence, were recommended between the first and second positions. Defence of the first position was still the intention but deeper defences would dissipate the effect of a breakthrough and force the attackers to make numerous individual attacks on ground where local knowledge and the preparation of defences would be advantageous to the defenders. Observation posts should be made secure from attack, reconnaissance reports acted on promptly and communication links were to be made as robust as possible. A wide field of fire was unnecessary and to be dispensed with, to make each part of the position defensible by placing it on reverse slopes, concealed from ground observation.
190:
1206:(OHL, German army high command) reserve spread all along the Western Front, rather than concentrating it in threatened areas. French reviews of the offensive found that their reserves had moved close to the front, ready to exploit a breakthrough and had advanced on time. The troops had become bunched up with the leading divisions, blocked the lines of communication and suffered many casualties while they were held up. Communications had failed and commanders had been in ignorance of the situation, artillery co-ordination with the infantry had been poor and rain grounded French artillery-observation aircraft. Many of the French commanders concluded that a breakthrough could not be forced in one attack and that it would take several set-piece battles to make the defenders collapse and be unable to prevent a return to mobile operations.
287:
1174:
1153:
reverse slopes of the
Champagne hills. Some French regiments attacked with bands playing and their regimental flags waving. On 22 October, Joffre claimed that the autumn offensive had resulted in important tactical gains, inflicted many casualties and achieved a moral superiority over the Germans and that only a lack of artillery had led to the failure to achieve the strategic objectives of the offensive. To keep as many German troops as possible away from the Eastern Front, offensive operations must continue but troops in the front line were to be kept to the minimum over the winter and a new strategy was to be formulated.
204:
102:
1170:. Continuous battle was to be conducted by step-by-step advances through successive German defensive positions. Methodical attacks were to be made each time and would inexorably consume German infantry reserves. The German defences would eventually collapse and make a breakthrough attack feasible. The slower, deliberate methods would conserve French infantry as they battered through the deeper defences built by the Germans since 1914.
1867:
35:
1143:
294:
1152:
French methods and equipment were insufficient for the demands of trench warfare and a lull followed as the French rested the survivors of the offensive, replaced losses and accumulated more equipment and ammunition. French artillery had been unable to destroy the German artillery, often situated on
1094:
broke through on 28 September. A German counter-attack next day recaptured the ground, most of which was on a reverse slope, which had deprived the French artillery of ground observation. Joffre suspended the offensive until more ammunition could be supplied and ordered that the captured ground be
1241:.... the lessons to be deduced from the failure of our enemies' mass attacks are decisive against any imitation of their battle methods. Attempts at a mass breakthrough, even with the extreme accumulation of men and material, cannot be regarded as holding out the prospects of success.
1193:
battalions but had not achieved a breakthrough; after the first day of an attack, German reinforcements had made one impossible. Several German divisions had returned from the
Eastern Front but were tired and of little value. The German commander in chief, General
1006:
with each division on a 1,500–2,000 yd (1,400–1,800 m) front. A second echelon of seven divisions followed, with one infantry division and six cavalry divisions in reserve. Six German divisions held the line opposite, in the front position and the
1160:(Purpose and Conditions of Mass Offensive Action, 16 April 1915) and its derivative, Note 5779, which were compiled from analyses of reports received from the front since 1914. The document contained instructions on infiltration tactics,
1258:
The offensive had been disappointing for the French. Despite their new 'attack in echelon' they had only made quick progress during the time it took for the
Germans to strip reserves from elsewhere and rush them up. The French suffered
1245:
and that the plans made earlier in 1915 for an offensive in France were obsolete. Falkenhayn needed to resolve the paradoxical lessons of the war since 1914, to find a way to end it favourably for
Germany, which culminated at
1032:
and several guns but French casualties were also high; the
Germans had anticipated the French attack, having been able to watch the French preparations from the high ground. The main German defensive effort was made at the
1028:, where uncut barbed wire prevented the French from advancing further. In one part of the line, the French artillery barrage continued after the first German line had been taken, causing French casualties. The French took
1791:. Translated by Uffindell, A. (1st trans. La chair et l'acier: l'armée française et l'invention de la guerre moderne (1914–1918) Éditions Tallandier, Paris ed.). Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military.
348:
447:
1652:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (1st ed.). London: Macmillan.
3408:
3423:
3607:
412:
341:
307:
3505:
334:
1019:, Reserve Position) further back. French artillery observers benefited from good weather but on the night of 24/25 September, heavy rain began and fell until noon.
3142:
2966:
2306:
385:
3584:
3612:
2119:
56:
3800:
3527:
3219:
2177:
440:
380:
4055:
3907:
4030:
3815:
3570:
3810:
3500:
3451:
3366:
137:
4045:
3654:
4040:
677:
433:
3495:
2853:
739:
4075:
2284:
2346:
3555:
3485:
3124:
2336:
2247:
286:
1106:, then terminated the offensive on 6 November. The offensive had advanced the French line for about 2.5 mi (4 km), at a cost of
3579:
2470:
1924:
1871:
2147:
43:
2477:
660:
2129:
3805:
3737:
3575:
3562:
3519:
3428:
3154:
2956:
2863:
2765:
2523:
2170:
3929:
3919:
3787:
1129:
shells, which, with the consumption during the Third Battle of Artois in the north, exhausted the French stock of ammunition.
3701:
3635:
3472:
3351:
3024:
2043:
1899:
1837:
1815:
1796:
1777:
1750:
1731:
1712:
1693:
1674:
999:
3876:
3296:
2081:
1832:. Foreign Military Studies. Translated by Zabecki, D. T.; Biedekarken, D. J. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
3647:
2971:
2599:
2104:
390:
3861:
1237:(Autumn Battle) showed that on the Western Front, quantity was not enough to defeat armies sheltering in field defences
3846:
3136:
2538:
2296:
525:
3721:
3415:
3231:
2503:
1974:
1635:
478:
1250:
in 1916, when
Falkenhayn tried to induce the French to repeat the costly failure of the Second Battle of Champagne.
1113:
French and
British (in Artois) casualties against less German casualties. The French had attacked in Champagne with
1102:
On 3 October, Joffre abandoned the attempt at a breakthrough in
Champagne, ordering the local commanders to fight a
2901:
1939:
894:
3972:
3777:
3757:
3544:
3480:
3303:
3172:
2076:
1996:
1934:
596:
2637:
4060:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3752:
3446:
2091:
2066:
1964:
1789:
Flesh and Steel During the Great War: The
Transformation of the French Army and the Invention of Modern Warfare
4070:
3747:
3742:
3706:
3640:
3532:
3378:
2961:
2813:
2351:
2279:
2210:
1979:
1949:
1944:
618:
1039:, behind which the bulk of the German field artillery had been withdrawn. A supporting attack by the French
542:
4065:
3696:
3323:
3263:
3160:
3065:
2828:
2614:
2318:
2157:
2056:
717:
547:
3934:
3371:
3356:
3214:
3166:
2931:
2482:
2356:
2269:
2264:
2033:
2021:
2016:
960:
917:
889:
869:
702:
457:
89:
2543:
1667:
German
Strategy and the Path to Verdun: Erich von Falkenhayn and the Development of Attrition, 1870–1916
559:
4050:
3914:
3871:
3148:
2906:
2891:
2793:
2230:
2142:
2099:
1074:
per gun, to the Second and Fourth armies. On 26 September, the French attacked again, closed up to the
1022:
The German front position was overrun in four places and two of the penetrations reached as far as the
990:
864:
854:
832:
766:
682:
672:
473:
1067:
3856:
3624:
3208:
3196:
2951:
2936:
2657:
2548:
2242:
2220:
1969:
1959:
1892:
1173:
912:
884:
839:
822:
778:
692:
613:
569:
564:
2803:
3831:
3318:
3308:
3237:
3190:
3178:
3118:
2926:
2921:
2843:
2252:
2225:
1929:
1061:
879:
817:
793:
697:
623:
257:
4035:
3902:
3894:
3836:
3596:
3291:
3054:
2881:
2876:
2808:
2667:
2652:
2647:
2627:
2508:
2385:
844:
805:
783:
633:
574:
500:
48:
2848:
1770:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015
3669:
3393:
3328:
3184:
2911:
2838:
2788:
2773:
2755:
2728:
2642:
2609:
2274:
2235:
2215:
2026:
1919:
968:
859:
827:
788:
756:
687:
655:
628:
601:
510:
370:
20:
1216:
Lack of troops made it impossible for the Germans to respond with methodical counter-attacks (
1164:
barrages and poison gas, which were to be used systematically in continuous battles to create
638:
3659:
3313:
3202:
2978:
2941:
2871:
2818:
2740:
2708:
2682:
2632:
2563:
2465:
2418:
2202:
2071:
1954:
1686:
Germany's Western Front, 1915: Translations from the German Official History of the Great War
1287:, the German official history, French casualties in the Fourth, Second and Third armies from
1201:
956:
874:
849:
707:
589:
493:
195:
326:
4009:
3924:
2604:
2578:
2528:
1885:
1645:
1195:
984:
980:
964:
761:
250:
246:
230:
2553:
1825:
1650:
Military Operations France and Belgium, 1915: Battles of Aubers Ridge, Festubert, and Loos
8:
3991:
3130:
2994:
2946:
2823:
2783:
2778:
2723:
2406:
2400:
2301:
1040:
771:
727:
722:
537:
515:
3944:
3951:
3866:
3225:
3089:
3071:
3036:
3000:
2833:
2798:
2750:
2735:
2622:
2573:
2412:
2371:
2051:
1096:
744:
584:
505:
483:
225:
3984:
3978:
3939:
3841:
3674:
3257:
3112:
3095:
2896:
2718:
2698:
2533:
2518:
2448:
2436:
2137:
2114:
2061:
1849:
1833:
1811:
1792:
1773:
1746:
1727:
1708:
1689:
1670:
1653:
1631:
1623:
1103:
810:
751:
554:
313:
127:
3042:
3012:
3006:
2916:
2745:
2713:
2703:
2442:
2366:
2361:
2289:
2109:
2009:
1724:
Early Trench Tactics in the French Army: the Second Battle of Artois, May–June 1915
1247:
712:
488:
1080:
on a 7.5 mi (12.1 km) front and gained a foothold in one place. Another
3851:
3691:
3030:
2583:
2558:
2257:
2165:
2004:
1121:
divisions. On the Champagne front, the Fourth, Second and Third armies had fired
952:
907:
579:
93:
1688:. Vol. II (1st ed.). Waterloo Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
1095:
consolidated and cavalry units withdrawn. Smaller French attacks against German
3684:
3664:
3335:
3048:
2886:
2677:
2568:
2424:
2328:
2311:
650:
520:
375:
234:
24:
4024:
3795:
3083:
3077:
2513:
2430:
2341:
1156:
The theoretical bases of the French offensives of 1915 had been collected in
1055:
532:
221:
209:
152:
139:
1657:
3245:
2672:
1853:
3456:
3361:
3059:
2487:
1908:
1211:
Experiences of the 3rd Army in the Autumn Battles in the Champagne, 1915
101:
1353:
Reviews of the experiences of the offensives led to a new formulation,
1048:
1357:(Instruction on the Offensive Battle of Large Units, 26 January 1916).
3251:
3018:
3511:
1455:
1453:
1830:
Lossberg's War: The World War I Memoirs of a German Chief of Staff
1198:, had underestimated the possibility of an offensive and kept the
1588:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1628:
Pyrrhic victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War
1450:
425:
34:
1866:
131:
1877:
1142:
3679:
1848:
1914–1918 (Verlag von E. S. Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1939)
1044:
356:
1494:
1492:
1438:
1058:, allotted two reserve divisions to the GAC and ordered the
1426:
1489:
1387:
1564:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1600:
1504:
1404:
1402:
1183:
In the autumn battles, the Allies had outnumbered the
1178:
French soldiers in a trench line near Champagne (1915)
1465:
1414:
1370:
1355:
Instruction sur le combat offensif des grandes unités
1275:, the German Official History). The French had taken
1552:
1477:
1772:(4th ed.). Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.
1576:
1399:
1158:
But et conditions d'une action offensive d'ensemble
1231:In his memoirs (1919), Falkenhayn wrote that the
4022:
2854:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
1683:
1594:
1546:
1534:
1522:
1459:
1444:
979:On 25 September 1915, twenty divisions of the
1893:
1084:troops were captured but attacks against the
1047:took no ground. German reserves, directed by
971:in the north and ended with a French defeat.
441:
342:
1232:
1223:
1217:
1199:
1184:
1165:
1085:
1075:
1059:
1034:
1023:
1014:
1008:
988:
945:
937:
4056:Battles involving the French Foreign Legion
3344:
1630:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press.
1329:were suffered in the Champagne battle from
4031:Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
1900:
1886:
1805:
1767:
1099:continued from 30 September to 5 October.
448:
434:
349:
335:
1810:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1337:in the fighting in Champagne and Artois.
359:Autumn battles, Champagne and Artois 1915
4046:Battles of World War I involving Germany
3143:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
1172:
1141:
186:
59:of all important aspects of the article.
4041:Battles of World War I involving France
3520:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
1824:
1808:The French Army and the First World War
1644:
1622:
1606:
1510:
1471:
1432:
1420:
1393:
1381:
4023:
1721:
1702:
1498:
1483:
1066:(GAE, Eastern Army Group) to send all
55:Please consider expanding the lead to
16:1915 battle during the First World War
3473:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
2809:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
1881:
1740:
1664:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1408:
1333:The French Official History recorded
1299:were suffered by the Tenth Army from
1051:, plugged gaps in the German lines.
429:
330:
3877:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
1786:
1684:Humphries, M. O.; Maker, J. (2010).
28:
3806:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
2600:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
13:
2539:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
1761:
1726:(1st ed.). Farnham: Ashgate.
14:
4087:
4076:France–Germany military relations
1859:
1070:field gun ammunition, except for
455:
293:
2902:Second Battle of the Piave River
2524:Russian invasion of East Prussia
1865:
292:
285:
202:
188:
100:
33:
3973:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
3173:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
1907:
1347:
1325:in the German armies, of which
1307:in the British First Army from
1054:The French commander-in-chief,
47:may be too short to adequately
3796:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
3655:Deportations from East Prussia
3452:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
1806:Greenhalgh, Elizabeth (2014).
118:25 September – 6 November 1915
57:provide an accessible overview
1:
3707:Ukrainian Canadian internment
1846:Meine Tätigkeit im Weltkriege
1615:
1319:
1312:
1253:
1189:(German army in the west) by
1107:
3862:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
3161:Estonian War of Independence
2829:Southern Palestine offensive
1768:Clodfelter, Micheal (2017).
1364:
1132:
312:Champagne-Ardenne, a former
7:
3816:USA against Austria-Hungary
3215:Turkish War of Independence
3167:Latvian War of Independence
2892:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
2483:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
1707:. New York: Vintage Books.
1331:22 September to 14 October.
1309:25 September to 16 October,
1147:Champagne battlefront, 1915
1137:
918:Western Front tactics, 1917
10:
4092:
3899:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
3447:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
2907:Second Battle of the Marne
2794:Second battle of the Aisne
2663:Second Battle of Champagne
2504:German invasion of Belgium
1872:Second Battle of Champagne
1745:. Delta Trade Paperbacks.
1595:Humphries & Maker 2010
1547:Humphries & Maker 2010
1535:Humphries & Maker 2010
1523:Humphries & Maker 2010
1460:Humphries & Maker 2010
1445:Humphries & Maker 2010
1301:25 September to 15 October
1117:against the equivalent of
933:Second Battle of Champagne
83:Second Battle of Champagne
18:
4005:
3964:
3885:
3824:
3786:
3730:
3719:
3680:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
3623:
3595:
3543:
3465:
3439:
3391:
3284:
3277:
3209:Irish War of Independence
3105:
2987:
2952:Armistice of Villa Giusti
2937:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
2862:
2764:
2691:
2592:
2549:First Battle of the Marne
2496:
2458:
2393:
2384:
2327:
2201:
2190:
2156:
2128:
2090:
2042:
1995:
1988:
1915:
1316: 250,000 casualties
1289:25 September to 7 October
995:(GAC, Central Army Group
991:Groupe d'armées du Centre
974:
465:
366:
280:
265:
240:
215:
180:
110:
99:
87:
82:
3832:Constantinople Agreement
3125:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
2988:Co-belligerent conflicts
2957:Second Romanian campaign
2927:Third Transjordan attack
2638:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
2544:Battle of Grand Couronné
1340:
1267:casualties, (Foley gave
1062:Groupe d'armées de l'Est
967:that coincided with the
106:Western Front, 1915–1916
3895:Modus vivendi of Acroma
3847:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
3155:Greater Poland Uprising
3055:National Protection War
2932:Meuse–Argonne offensive
2882:German spring offensive
2877:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2653:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
2628:Second Battle of Artois
2509:Battle of the Frontiers
806:German spring offensive
276:(25,000 taken prisoner)
3920:Paris Peace Conference
3908:Ukraine–Central Powers
3702:Massacres of Albanians
3670:Late Ottoman genocides
3477:Bulgarian occupations
3185:Third Anglo-Afghan War
3149:Hungarian–Romanian War
2967:Naval Victory Bulletin
2962:Armistice with Germany
2912:Hundred Days Offensive
2839:Battle of La Malmaison
2789:Second battle of Arras
2756:Battle of Transylvania
2610:Second Battle of Ypres
2478:Sarajevo assassination
2367:South African Republic
1665:Foley, R. T. (2007) .
1243:
1233:
1224:
1218:
1200:
1185:
1180:
1166:
1149:
1086:
1076:
1060:
1035:
1024:
1015:
1009:
989:
969:Third Battle of Artois
959:offensive against the
946:
938:
216:Commanders and leaders
21:Third Battle of Artois
4061:September 1915 events
3930:Treaty of St. Germain
3903:Russia–Central Powers
3857:Sykes–Picot Agreement
3685:Pontic Greek genocide
3660:Destruction of Kalisz
3636:Eastern Mediterranean
3197:Polish–Lithuanian War
2979:Armistice of Belgrade
2942:Armistice of Salonica
2872:Operation Faustschlag
2819:Third Battle of Oituz
2741:Baranovichi offensive
2709:Lake Naroch offensive
2683:Battle of Robat Karim
2658:Vistula–Bug offensive
2633:Battles of the Isonzo
2564:First Battle of Ypres
1741:Meyer, G. J. (2006).
1703:Keegan, John (1998).
1239:
1202:Oberste Heeresleitung
1176:
1145:
939:Bataille de Champagne
314:administrative region
266:Casualties and losses
4071:November 1915 events
3925:Treaty of Versailles
3641:Mount Lebanon famine
3556:in the United States
3524:Russian occupations
3238:Turkish–Armenian War
3179:Polish–Ukrainian War
3119:Ukrainian–Soviet War
3066:Central Asian Revolt
2849:Armistice of Focșani
2579:Battle of Sarikamish
2529:Battle of Tannenberg
1925:Military engagements
1874:at Wikimedia Commons
1435:, pp. 271, 348.
1196:Erich von Falkenhayn
1000:Édouard de Castelnau
913:French Army mutinies
908:1914 Christmas truce
678:Hohenzollern Redoubt
308:class=notpageimage|
231:Erich von Falkenhayn
153:49.18444°N 4.54417°E
4066:October 1915 events
3992:They shall not pass
3915:Treaty of Bucharest
3872:Treaty of Bucharest
3811:USA against Germany
3788:Declarations of war
3492:German occupations
3405:British casualties
3264:Soviet–Georgian War
3191:Egyptian Revolution
3131:Armeno-Georgian War
2995:Somaliland campaign
2947:Armistice of Mudros
2824:Battle of Caporetto
2814:Battle of Mărășești
2784:Zimmermann telegram
2779:February Revolution
2724:Battle of the Somme
2648:Bug-Narew Offensive
2623:Battle of Gallipoli
2615:Sinking of the RMS
2407:Scramble for Africa
2401:Franco-Prussian War
2057:Sinai and Palestine
1722:Krause, J. (2013).
1705:The First World War
1597:, pp. 328–329.
1573:, pp. 179–180.
1549:, pp. 335–336.
1537:, pp. 334–335.
1525:, pp. 330–333.
1501:, pp. 4–5, 20.
1462:, pp. 329–330.
1396:, pp. 270–271.
1261:145,000 casualties,
1209:The German report,
1104:battle of attrition
1092:27 to 29 September,
902:Associated articles
619:Hartmannswillerkopf
479:Invasion of Belgium
405:Associated articles
149: /
3952:Treaty of Lausanne
3867:Paris Economy Pact
3801:UK against Germany
3731:Entry into the war
3697:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
3416:Ottoman casualties
3226:Franco-Turkish War
3106:Post-War conflicts
3090:Russian Revolution
3072:Invasion of Darfur
3037:Kelantan rebellion
3025:Kurdish rebellions
3001:Mexican Revolution
2834:October Revolution
2799:Kerensky offensive
2774:Capture of Baghdad
2751:Monastir offensive
2736:Brusilov offensive
2574:Battle of Kolubara
2413:Russo-Japanese War
1826:Loßberg, Fritz von
1787:Goya, M. (2018) .
1669:. Cambridge: CUP.
1335:191,795 casualties
1181:
1150:
4051:Conflicts in 1915
4018:
4017:
4001:
4000:
3985:The Golden Virgin
3979:Mutilated victory
3960:
3959:
3940:Treaty of Trianon
3935:Treaty of Neuilly
3842:Damascus Protocol
3715:
3714:
3675:Armenian genocide
3632:Allied blockades
3604:Belgian refugees
3387:
3386:
3297:Strategic bombing
3273:
3272:
3258:Franco-Syrian War
3232:Greco-Turkish War
3220:Anglo-Turkish War
3203:Polish–Soviet War
3137:German Revolution
3113:Russian Civil War
3096:Finnish Civil War
2922:Battle of Megiddo
2897:Battle of Goychay
2844:Battle of Cambrai
2804:Battle of Mărăști
2719:Battle of Jutland
2699:Erzurum offensive
2554:Siege of Przemyśl
2534:Siege of Tsingtao
2519:Battle of Galicia
2449:Second Balkan War
2437:Italo-Turkish War
2394:Pre-War conflicts
2380:
2379:
2270:Portuguese Empire
2186:
2185:
2148:German New Guinea
2130:Asian and Pacific
1870:Media related to
1839:978-0-8131-6980-4
1817:978-1-107-60568-8
1798:978-1-47388-696-4
1779:978-0-7864-7470-7
1752:978-0-553-38240-2
1733:978-1-40945-500-4
1714:978-0-375-70045-3
1695:978-1-55458-259-4
1676:978-0-521-04436-3
1327:81,000 casualties
1305:56,812 casualties
1297:48,230 casualties
1269:97,000 casualties
926:
925:
752:Nivelle offensive
526:Trouée de Charmes
423:
422:
325:
324:
176:
175:
158:49.18444; 4.54417
74:
73:
4083:
3945:Treaty of Sèvres
3837:Treaty of London
3728:
3727:
3506:Northeast France
3437:
3436:
3409:Parliamentarians
3342:
3341:
3304:Chemical weapons
3282:
3281:
3043:Senussi campaign
3013:Muscat rebellion
3007:Maritz rebellion
2975:
2917:Vardar offensive
2746:Battle of Romani
2714:Battle of Asiago
2704:Battle of Verdun
2668:Kosovo offensive
2443:First Balkan War
2391:
2390:
2290:Russian Republic
2199:
2198:
1993:
1992:
1935:Economic history
1902:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1869:
1843:
1821:
1802:
1783:
1756:
1737:
1718:
1699:
1680:
1661:
1641:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1358:
1351:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1277:25,000 prisoners
1270:
1266:
1262:
1248:Battle of Verdun
1236:
1227:
1221:
1205:
1192:
1188:
1169:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1065:
1038:
1031:
1030:14,000 prisoners
1027:
1018:
1012:
1005:
994:
949:
941:
865:St Quentin Canal
460:
450:
443:
436:
427:
426:
361:
360:
351:
344:
337:
328:
327:
296:
295:
289:
208:
206:
205:
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154:
150:
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112:
111:
104:
80:
79:
69:
66:
60:
37:
29:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4014:
3997:
3956:
3888:
3881:
3852:Treaty of Darin
3820:
3782:
3738:Austria-Hungary
3724:
3711:
3692:Rape of Belgium
3619:
3591:
3539:
3533:Western Armenia
3528:Eastern Galicia
3461:
3435:
3399:
3398:Civilian impact
3397:
3383:
3340:
3269:
3101:
3031:Ovambo Uprising
2983:
2969:
2858:
2760:
2687:
2605:Battle of Łomża
2588:
2584:Christmas truce
2559:Race to the Sea
2492:
2454:
2376:
2347:Austria-Hungary
2323:
2258:Empire of Japan
2195:
2193:
2182:
2166:U-boat campaign
2152:
2124:
2086:
2038:
1984:
1965:Popular culture
1911:
1906:
1862:
1844:Translation of
1840:
1818:
1799:
1780:
1764:
1762:Further reading
1759:
1753:
1734:
1715:
1696:
1677:
1638:
1618:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1411:, pp. 350.
1407:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1334:
1330:
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1322:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1300:
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1292:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1190:
1179:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1126:
1123:2,842,400 field
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1091:
1081:
1071:
1029:
1003:
1002:), attacked at
977:
953:First World War
929:
928:
927:
922:
899:
703:Vimy Ridge 1916
580:Race to the Sea
548:1st St. Quentin
470:
461:
456:
454:
424:
419:
413:2nd Bellewaarde
402:
362:
358:
357:
355:
321:
320:
319:
318:
317:
310:
304:
303:
302:
301:
297:
275:
260:
253:
249:
233:
226:Philippe Pétain
224:
203:
201:
189:
187:
157:
155:
151:
148:
143:
140:
138:
136:
135:
134:
105:
94:First World War
70:
64:
61:
54:
42:This article's
38:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4089:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4036:1915 in France
4033:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3976:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3887:Peace treaties
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3773:United Kingdom
3770:
3765:
3763:Ottoman Empire
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3734:
3732:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3667:
3665:Sack of Dinant
3662:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3629:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3613:United Kingdom
3610:
3601:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3573:
3567:POW locations
3565:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3475:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3402:
3400:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3367:United Kingdom
3364:
3362:Ottoman Empire
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3339:
3338:
3336:Trench warfare
3333:
3332:
3331:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3288:
3286:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3052:
3049:Volta-Bani War
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2887:Zeebrugge Raid
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2678:Battle of Loos
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Black Sea raid
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2471:Historiography
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2425:Bosnian Crisis
2422:
2419:Tangier Crisis
2416:
2410:
2404:
2397:
2395:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:Ottoman Empire
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2329:Central Powers
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2312:British Empire
2307:United Kingdom
2304:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2285:Russian Empire
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2203:Entente Powers
2196:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2171:North Atlantic
2162:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2082:Central Arabia
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2044:Middle Eastern
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1945:Historiography
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1861:
1860:External links
1858:
1857:
1856:
1838:
1822:
1816:
1803:
1797:
1784:
1778:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1743:A World Undone
1738:
1732:
1719:
1713:
1700:
1694:
1681:
1675:
1662:
1646:Edmonds, J. E.
1642:
1636:
1624:Doughty, R. A.
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1609:, p. 201.
1599:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1561:, p. 179.
1551:
1539:
1527:
1515:
1513:, p. 253.
1503:
1488:
1486:, p. 202.
1476:
1474:, p. 191.
1464:
1449:
1447:, p. 320.
1437:
1425:
1423:, p. 271.
1413:
1398:
1386:
1384:, p. 202.
1368:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1323: 150,000
1291:were given as
1255:
1252:
1234:Herbstschlacht
1222:) but smaller
1177:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1125:artillery and
1111: 100,000
976:
973:
947:Herbstschlacht
924:
923:
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920:
915:
910:
898:
897:
895:Lys and Escaut
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641:
631:
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624:Neuve Chapelle
621:
616:
605:
604:
599:
597:Winter actions
594:
593:
592:
587:
577:
572:
567:
562:
560:Grand Couronné
557:
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261:(19 divisions)
255:
254:(27 divisions)
243:
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235:Karl von Einem
228:
218:
217:
213:
212:
199:
183:
182:
178:
177:
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172:German victory
170:
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108:
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96:
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78:
77:
72:
71:
65:September 2018
51:the key points
41:
39:
32:
25:Battle of Loos
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4077:
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4072:
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4011:
4008:
4007:
4004:
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3993:
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3977:
3975:
3974:
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3963:
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3823:
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3812:
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3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3778:United States
3776:
3774:
3771:
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3766:
3764:
3761:
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3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3395:
3390:
3380:
3379:United States
3377:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3329:Convoy system
3327:
3326:
3325:
3324:Naval warfare
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3084:Kaocen revolt
3082:
3079:
3078:Easter Rising
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Great Retreat
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Battle of Cer
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:Agadir Crisis
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2319:United States
2317:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2236:French Empire
2234:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2189:
2179:
2178:Mediterranean
2176:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2158:Naval warfare
2155:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2034:Italian Front
2032:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:Eastern Front
2020:
2018:
2017:Western Front
2015:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:Puppet states
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1754:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1637:0-67401-880-X
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1585:, p. 97.
1584:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1512:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1468:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1286:
1285:Der Weltkrieg
1279:and captured
1274:
1273:Der Weltkrieg
1265:72,500 German
1251:
1249:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1219:Gegenangriffe
1214:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1187:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1144:
1130:
1127:577,700 heavy
1105:
1100:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1056:Joseph Joffre
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1001:
998:
993:
992:
986:
982:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
948:
942:
940:
934:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
904:
903:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
870:Meuse-Argonne
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
813:
809:
808:
807:
804:
803:
802:
801:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
784:Passchendaele
782:
780:
777:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
753:
750:
748:
747:
743:
741:
738:
737:
736:
735:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
669:
668:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
646:2nd Champagne
644:
640:
637:
636:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
614:1st Champagne
612:
611:
610:
609:
603:
600:
598:
595:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
534:
533:Great Retreat
531:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
502:
499:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
469:
464:
459:
458:Western Front
451:
446:
444:
439:
437:
432:
431:
428:
414:
411:
410:
409:
408:
407:
406:
399:
398:2nd Champagne
396:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
378:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
365:
352:
347:
345:
340:
338:
333:
332:
329:
315:
309:
288:
279:
273:
270:
269:
264:
259:
256:
252:
248:
245:
244:
239:
236:
232:
229:
227:
223:
222:Joseph Joffre
220:
219:
214:
211:
210:German Empire
200:
197:
185:
184:
179:
171:
168:
167:
162:
133:
129:
125:
122:
121:
117:
114:
113:
109:
103:
98:
95:
91:
90:Western Front
86:
81:
76:
68:
58:
52:
50:
45:
40:
36:
31:
30:
26:
22:
3990:
3983:
3971:
3578: /
3510:
3345:Conscription
3309:Cryptography
3246:Iraqi Revolt
2673:Siege of Kut
2662:
2616:
2194:participants
2143:German Samoa
2077:South Arabia
1845:
1829:
1807:
1788:
1769:
1742:
1723:
1704:
1685:
1666:
1649:
1627:
1607:Doughty 2005
1602:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1530:
1518:
1511:Doughty 2005
1506:
1479:
1472:Doughty 2005
1467:
1440:
1433:Edmonds 1928
1428:
1421:Edmonds 1928
1416:
1394:Edmonds 1928
1389:
1382:Doughty 2005
1354:
1349:
1284:
1272:
1257:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1191:600 infantry
1182:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1115:35 divisions
1101:
1082:2,000 German
1053:
1021:
1016:Rückstellung
996:
978:
944:
936:
932:
930:
901:
900:
860:Saint-Mihiel
828:Belleau Wood
811:
799:
798:
789:La Malmaison
745:
733:
732:
698:Kink Salient
666:
665:
661:Gas: Wieltje
645:
607:
606:
467:
404:
403:
397:
391:Hohenzollern
386:Bois Grenier
181:Belligerents
88:Part of the
75:
62:
46:
44:lead section
3608:Netherlands
3585:Switzerland
3466:Occupations
3457:Spanish flu
3234:(1919–1922)
3228:(1918–1921)
3222:(1918–1923)
3211:(1919–1921)
3205:(1919–1921)
3199:(1919–1920)
3175:(1918–1920)
3169:(1918–1920)
3163:(1918–1920)
3145:(1918–1920)
3127:(1918–1920)
3121:(1917–1921)
3115:(1917–1921)
3062:(1916-1918)
3060:Arab Revolt
3051:(1915–1917)
3045:(1915–1917)
3033:(1914-1917)
3027:(1914–1917)
3021:(1914–1921)
3015:(1913–1920)
3003:(1910–1920)
2997:(1900–1920)
2970: [
2488:July Crisis
2409:(1880–1914)
2072:Mesopotamia
1950:Home fronts
1909:World War I
1499:Krause 2013
1484:Keegan 1998
1311:a total of
1225:Gegenstösse
985:Fourth Army
981:Second Army
961:German army
880:2nd Cambrai
718:Boar's Head
708:Mont Sorrel
251:Second Army
247:Fourth Army
156: /
4025:Categories
3825:Agreements
3625:War crimes
3501:Luxembourg
3394:Casualties
2265:Montenegro
2100:South West
1980:Technology
1970:Propaganda
1960:Opposition
1616:References
1583:Foley 2007
1571:Foley 2007
1559:Foley 2007
1409:Meyer 2006
1254:Casualties
1087:R-Stellung
1077:R-Stellung
1072:500 rounds
1049:Falkenhayn
1041:Third Army
1036:R-Stellung
1025:R-Stellung
1010:R-Stellung
1004:9:15 a.m.,
693:Wulverghem
656:3rd Artois
634:2nd Artois
602:1st Artois
371:3rd Artois
144:04°32′39″E
141:49°11′04″N
19:See also:
3722:Diplomacy
3429:Olympians
3352:Australia
3319:Logistics
3252:Vlora War
3181:(1918–19)
3157:(1918–19)
3151:(1918–19)
3139:(1918–19)
3086:(1916–17)
3068:(1916–17)
3019:Zaian War
3009:(1914–15)
2729:first day
2617:Lusitania
2445:(1912–13)
2439:(1911–12)
2427:(1908–09)
2421:(1905–06)
2403:(1870–71)
2192:Principal
2052:Gallipoli
1955:Memorials
1940:Geography
1930:Aftermath
1854:750446459
1365:Footnotes
1281:150 guns.
1271:based on
1133:Aftermath
1119:16 German
965:Champagne
951:) in the
875:5th Ypres
855:2nd Somme
833:2nd Marne
823:3rd Aisne
772:The Hills
767:2nd Aisne
728:Fromelles
723:1st Somme
673:The Bluff
639:Hébuterne
629:2nd Ypres
590:1st Ypres
570:1st Aisne
565:1st Marne
538:Le Cateau
516:Charleroi
501:Frontiers
316:of France
300:Champagne
128:Champagne
49:summarize
4010:Category
3597:Refugees
3563:Italians
3552:Germans
3512:Ober Ost
3292:Aviation
2386:Timeline
2357:Bulgaria
2138:Tsingtao
2115:Togoland
2062:Caucasus
1997:European
1989:Theatres
1828:(2017).
1658:58962526
1648:(1928).
1626:(2005).
1318:against
1295:Another
1293:143,567.
1263:against
1186:Westheer
1138:Analysis
1097:salients
885:Courtrai
840:Soissons
779:Messines
746:Alberich
555:Maubeuge
511:Ardennes
506:Lorraine
474:Moresnet
258:3rd Army
241:Strength
123:Location
3748:Germany
3648:Germany
3576:Germany
3496:Belgium
3481:Albania
3440:Disease
3420:Sports
3372:Ireland
3285:Warfare
3278:Aspects
2466:Origins
2459:Prelude
2362:Senussi
2342:Germany
2337:Leaders
2275:Romania
2216:Belgium
2211:Leaders
2110:Kamerun
2092:African
2027:Romania
2005:Balkans
1920:Outline
1167:rupture
1162:rolling
1043:on the
997:Général
850:Ailette
818:The Lys
812:Michael
794:Cambrai
688:Hulluch
683:St Eloi
575:Antwerp
271:145,000
92:of the
3768:Russia
3743:France
3571:Canada
3486:Serbia
3357:Canada
3314:Horses
3266:(1921)
3260:(1920)
3254:(1920)
3248:(1920)
3240:(1920)
3193:(1919)
3187:(1919)
3133:(1918)
3098:(1918)
3092:(1917)
3080:(1916)
3074:(1916)
3039:(1915)
2451:(1913)
2433:(1911)
2415:(1905)
2372:Darfur
2297:Serbia
2280:Russia
2243:Greece
2231:France
2221:Brazil
2067:Persia
2010:Serbia
1852:
1836:
1814:
1795:
1776:
1749:
1730:
1711:
1692:
1673:
1656:
1634:
975:Battle
957:French
955:was a
890:Sambre
845:Amiens
713:Verdun
543:Étreux
489:Dinant
381:Piètre
274:97,000
207:
196:France
193:
169:Result
132:France
3965:Other
3758:Japan
3753:Italy
3580:camps
3424:Rugby
2974:]
2253:Japan
2248:Italy
2226:China
2120:North
1341:Notes
1090:from
1068:75 mm
1045:Aisne
757:Arras
740:Ancre
494:Namur
484:Liège
3545:POWs
2864:1918
2766:1917
2692:1916
2593:1915
2497:1914
2302:Siam
2105:East
1850:OCLC
1834:ISBN
1812:ISBN
1793:ISBN
1774:ISBN
1747:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1690:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1654:OCLC
1632:ISBN
1303:and
983:and
931:The
800:1918
762:Vimy
734:1917
667:1916
651:Loos
608:1915
585:Yser
521:Mons
468:1914
376:Loos
115:Date
23:and
1283:In
987:of
963:at
4027::
2972:It
1491:^
1452:^
1401:^
1372:^
1320:c.
1313:c.
1108:c.
943:,
130:,
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