793:
and national level caste sabhas. The
Yadavas became the first among the shudras to gain the right to wear the janeu, a case of successful sanskritisation which continues till date. As a prominent agriculturist caste in the region, despite belonging to the shudra varna, the Yadavas claimed Kshatriya status tracing descent from the Yadu dynasty. The caste's efforts matched those of census officials, for whom standardisation of overlapping names was a matter of policy. The success of the Yadava movement also lies in the fact that, among the jaati sabhas, the Yadava sabha was probably the strongest, its journal,
430:
792:
Quote: "The movement, which had a wide interregional spread, attempted to submerge regional names such as Goala, Ahir, Ahar, Gopa, etc., in favour of the generic term Yadava (Rao 1979). Hence a number of pastoralist castes were subsumed under Yadava, in accordance with decisions taken by the regional
891:
Quote: "The Ahir and allied cowherd castes (whether actually pastoralists or cultivators, as in the Punjab) have recently organized a pan-Indian caste association with political as well as social reformist goals using the epic designation of Yadava (or Jadava) Vanshi
Kshatriya, ie the warrior caste
227:
its ritual and pantheon. In short, it took over, as far as possible, the customs, rites, and beliefs of the
Brahmins, and adoption of the Brahminic way of life by a low caste seems to have been frequent, though theoretically forbidden. This process has been called ‘Sanskritisation’ in this book, in
770:
Scholars have conceptualised diversely the processess of social change experienced by tribes in contact with non–tribal societies. This is evident from the range of the terms used for capturing the processes, the most common being 'Sanskritisation' and 'Hinduisation'. At times anthropologists have
416:
Sanskritisation fails to account for many aspects of cultural changes in the past and contemporary India as it neglects non-sanskritic traditions. It may be noted that often a non-sanskritic element of culture may be a localised form of sanskritic tradition. Sanskritic rites are often added to
128:
the process whereby local or regional forms of culture and religion – local deities, rituals, literary genres – become identified with the great tradition of
Sanskrit literature and culture: namely the culture and religion of orthodox, Aryan, Brahmans, which accepts the Veda as revelation and,
627:, p. 148: "Within the developing Hindu traditions we can see the process of Sanskritization or Brahmanization, whereby the great brahmanical tradition of vedic social values, vedic ritual forms and Sanskrit absorbs local traditions of ritual and ideology."
321:. According to historical evidence, the present day Rajput community varies greatly in status, consisting of those with royal lineage to those whose ancestors were petty tenants or tribals who gained land and political power to justify their claim of being
136:
In this process, local traditions (little traditions) become integrated into the great tradition of
Brahmanical religion, disseminating Sanskrit texts and Brahmanical ideas throughout India, and abroad. This facilitated the development of the
858:
Quote: "In his typology of low caste movements, (M. S. A.) Rao distinguishes five categories. The first is characterised by 'withdrawal and self-organisation'. ... The second one, illustrated by the Yadavs, is based on the claim of 'higher
783:
Jassal, Smita Tewari; École pratique des hautes études (France). Section des sciences économiques et sociales; University of Oxford. Institute of Social
Anthropology (2001). "Caste in the Colonial State: Mallahs in the census".
313:
caste is traditionally involved into distillation and selling of liquor, but around the start of the 20th century, various organisations related to the caste sought to redefine the image of their community through this process.
300:
word as part of
Sanskritisation effort to gain upward mobility in society during late 19th century to early 20th century. Similar attempts were made by communities who were historically classed as non-elite tillers like
381:
also underwent
Sanskritisation. He further suggested that, after going through Sanskritisation, such tribes would claim that they are castes and hence Hindus. This phenomenon has also been observed in
148:
According to
Srinivas, Sanskritisation is not just the adoption of new customs and habits, but also includes exposure to new ideas and values appearing in Sanskrit literature. He says the words
236:
addressed the actual complexity and fluidity of caste relations. It brought into academic focus the dynamics of the renegotiation of status by various castes and communities in India.
782:
120:
caste. Generally such changes are followed by a claim to a higher position in the caste hierarchy than that traditionally conceded to the claimant class by the local community..."
219:
The caste system is far from a rigid system, in which the position of each component caste is fixed for all time. Movement has always been possible, and especially in the
2751:
284:
status of
Brahmin or Kshatriyas, the two prestigious Varna of the Vedic-age Varna system. One of the main example of it is various non-elite pastoral communities like
718:
247: (1916, 1917). Jaffrelot goes on to say, "While the term was coined by Srinivas, the process itself had been described by colonial administrators such as
1768:
346:
claim to Brahmin status, which is not generally accepted outside that community, despite their adoption of some Brahmin caste traits, such as wearing the
797:, having an all-India spread. These factors strengthened local efforts, such as in Bhojpur, where the Yadavas, locally known as Ahirs, refused to do
1783:
754:
Xaxa, Virginius (12–18 June 1999). Raj, Krishna; Prakash, Padma; Gavaskar, Mahesh (eds.). "Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse".
1919:
1630:
365:
Srinivas was of the view that Sanskritisation was not limited to the Hindu castes, and stated that the semi-tribal groups including Himalayas's
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1763:
223:. A caste was able, in a generation or two, to rise to a higher position in the hierarchy by adopting vegetarianism and teetotalism, and by
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In a broader sense, also called Brahmanisation, it is a historical process in which local Indian religious traditions become
332:, of vegetarianism by people belonging to the so-called low castes who are traditionally not averse to non-vegetarian food.
2638:
1736:
74:
in the 1950s. Sanskritisation has in particular been observed among mid-ranked members of caste-based social hierarchies.
1623:
507:, p. 33 notes, "Ambedkar advanced the basis of one of the most heuristic of concepts in modern Indian Studies – the
228:
preference to ‘Brahminisation’, as certain Vedic rites are confined to the Brahmins and the two other twice-born castes.
2540:
2454:
459:
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2550:
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1348:
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309:, Murao etc. from the late 19th century onwards through their caste organisations by claiming higher social status.
1308:
803:, or forced labour, for the landlords and simultaneously prohibited liquor consumption, child marriages, and so on."
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2217:
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in rural North India who did Sanskritisation with the help of Arya Samaj as a part of a social upliftment effort.
3312:
2664:
116:
or other group, changes its customs, ritual, ideology, and way of life in the direction of a high and frequently
3297:
3292:
1616:
1318:
1266:. The history of Hinduism " Sources of Hinduism " Non-Indo-European sources " The process of "Sanskritization".
366:
184:
are the most common Sanskrit theological ideas which become common in the talk of people who are sanskritised.
1555:
232:
The book challenged the then prevalent idea that caste was a rigid and unchanging institution. The concept of
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society by such means with the failure of the Vishwakarma to achieve the same. Their position as a
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8:
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1468:(11th Reprint ed.). Bombay, IN: Media Promoters & Publishers. 1994 . p. 48.
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Bopegamage, A.; Kulahalli, R. N. (1971). "'Sanskritization' and Social Change in India".
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One clear example of Sanskritisation is the adoption, in emulation of the practice of
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also used 'Kshatriyisation' and 'Rajputisation' as substitutes for 'Sanskritisation'.
588:
200:
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2316:
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1977:
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280:
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350:, and the Brahminisation of their rituals. Srinivas juxtaposed the success of the
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2016:
1857:
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Charsley, S. (1998). "Sanskritization: The career of an anthropological theory".
969:
903:
814:
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138:
86:
760:. Vol. 34, no. 24. Economic and Political Weekly. pp. 1520–1521.
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1999:
1987:
1946:
1941:
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1808:
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1743:
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59:
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1967:
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1832:
1815:
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946:
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267:
208:
1513:, vol. 7 (2nd ed.), Detroit: Macmillan Reference, pp. 323–324
161:
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1914:
1902:
1820:
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54:
placed lower in the caste hierarchy seek upward mobility by emulating the
3223:
3164:
3124:
3119:
3066:
2476:
2358:
2186:
1982:
1687:
204:
78:
30:
For the process by which a language becomes influenced by Sanskrit, see
1608:
1558:. Department of Religion / School of Law. Washington and Lee University.
1476:
The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000
1133:
954:
930:
543:
3201:
3129:
2948:
2938:
1410:
Modernization of Indian Tradition – A systematic study of social change
1337:"Karnataka: Caste, dominance and social change in the 'Indian village'"
765:
293:
142:
82:
1500:. New York, NY; London, UK: The Macmillan Company; Macmillan & Co.
971:
India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India
905:
India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India
843:
India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India
819:. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 443.
3109:
3094:
1707:
1702:
1005:
Locality, Province and Nation: Essays on Indian Politics 1870 to 1940
355:
322:
212:
67:
1032:
568:
3259:
3254:
3174:
3159:
351:
90:
1565:"Early Sanskritization: Origins and development of the Kuru State"
1363:
Dr. Ambedkar and Untouchability: Analysing and fighting caste
1008:(Reprinted ed.). Cambridge University Press Archive. p.
3269:
3264:
1341:
The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, themes, and theory
484:
359:
174:
3245:
2404:
1448:
Theory and Method: Evaluation of the work of M.N. Srinivas
1310:
Many Tongues, One People: The making of Tharu identity in Nepal
374:
318:
180:
156:
55:
243:, p. 33, a similar heuristic was previously described by
46:) is a term in sociology which refers to the process by which
1442:
799:
549:
394:
382:
378:
370:
329:
306:
302:
297:
150:
117:
113:
51:
47:
931:"Political Awakening, Caste Movement and Congress Behaviour"
892:
descending from the Yadava lineage of the Mahabharata fame."
719:"Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development"
386:
285:
259:, in whose works Ambedkar might well have encountered it."
203:. The thesis was later brought out as a book, which was an
1002:. In Gallagher, John; Johnson, Gordon; Seal, Anil (eds.).
145:
absorbed local popular traditions of ritual and ideology.
1038:
584:
India's Power Elite: Class, Caste and Cultural Revolution
336:
873:
Leshnik, Lawrence S.; Sontheimer, Günther-Dietz (1975).
776:
70:
terms. This term was made popular by Indian sociologist
1386:. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 428.
1050:
735:
647:
1446:; Shah, A.M.; Baviskar, B.S.; Ramaswamy, E.A. (1996).
1089:
833:
695:
671:
608:
606:
604:
1140:
866:
1419:
Religion and Society among the Coorgs of South India
1068:
683:
637:
635:
633:
425:
1152:
1107:
863:
status' and fits with Sanskritisation pattern. ..."
659:
601:
806:
1511:International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
1430:. Bombay, IN: Asia Publishing House. p. 48.
1258:"Other sources: the process of "Sanskritization""
895:
872:
630:
3284:
846:. Columbia University Press. pp. 210–211.
1313:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
974:. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 197,199.
587:. Penguin Random House India Private Limited.
2390:
1624:
1339:. In Berger, Peter; Heidemann, Frank (eds.).
1256:Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (n.d.).
1216:Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (n.d.).
1528:History of Indian Theatre: Classical theatre
417:non-sanskritic rites without replacing them.
278:Sanskritisation is often aimed to claim the
62:or upper castes. It is a process similar to
2406:Sangh Parivar (RSS Family of Organisations)
2635:Syama Prasad Mookerjee Research Foundation
2397:
2383:
1631:
1617:
1524:
1044:
935:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
908:. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 196.
812:
1638:
1379:
1357:
1306:
1146:
967:
901:
839:
741:
653:
504:
240:
2738:Central Hindu Military Education Society
1425:
1416:
1186:
1033:Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica n.d
1000:"Patrons and Politics in Northern India"
713:
701:
689:
677:
569:Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica n.d
538:
534:
512:
262:Virginius Xaxa notes that sometimes the
129:generally, adheres to varrṇāśrama-dharma
81:, or aligned to and absorbed within the
27:Upward social mobility movement in India
1466:Caste in Modern India; and other essays
1428:Caste in Modern India, and other essays
1426:Srinivas, Mysore Narasimhachar (1962).
1334:
1095:
928:
124:In a broader sense, Sanskritisation is
14:
3285:
2644:Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana
1504:
1472:
1421:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
1383:Indian Society and Social Institutions
1056:
641:
515:was to introduce 40 years later."
465:List of Sanskrit universities in India
354:caste in achieving advancement within
266:also use the term Kshatriyisation and
2378:
1612:
1531:. Abhinav Publications. p. 290.
1493:
1407:
1297:
1174:
1158:
1072:Religion, Caste and Politics in India
994:
988:
876:Pastoralists and nomads in South Asia
665:
624:
612:
412:has critiqued the theory as follows:
317:Another example in North India is of
2639:Vivekananda International Foundation
1497:Social Laws: An outline of sociology
1120:). Cambridge University Press: 124.
753:
580:
195:first propounded this theory in his
87:resulting in the pan-Indian religion
1525:Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (1987).
1509:, in William A. Darity, Jr. (ed.),
24:
3197:Indian influence on Southeast Asia
2541:Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad
2455:Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad
1562:
813:Mandelbaum, David Goodman (1970).
460:Kshatriyas and would-be Kshatriyas
25:
3324:
2609:India Development and Relief Fund
1553:
1547:
1412:. Jaipur, IN: Rawat Publications.
1365:. London, UK: C. Hurst & Co.
1189:Contributions to Indian Sociology
787:Contributions to Indian sociology
3251:Unity of Indian-origin religions
2850:(Deputy Prime Minister of India)
879:. O. Harrassowitz. p. 218.
428:
112:a low or middle Hindu caste, or
2665:Sabarimala Ayyappa Seva Samajam
1101:
1062:
961:
922:
747:
707:
498:
342:An unsuccessful example is the
221:middle regions of the hierarchy
2551:National Hindu Students' Forum
1479:. Cambridge University Press.
968:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003).
902:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003).
840:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003).
618:
574:
528:
362:has not aided their ambition.
187:
13:
1:
1110:European Journal of Sociology
1075:. Primus Books. p. 431.
1069:Christophe Jaffrelot (2010).
757:Economic and Political Weekly
522:
335:One more example is of Hindu
305:and various communities like
296:, Goala etc. who adopted the
270:in place of Sanskritisation.
96:
3224:Equality without appeasement
2518:Strata and trade-based wings
2213:Romanisation of the writings
1302:, Cambridge University Press
404:
7:
2604:Bharat Lok Shiksha Parishad
2427:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
2327:Forced religious conversion
1300:An Introduction to Hinduism
790:. Mouton. pp. 319–351.
421:
273:
10:
3329:
2796:Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras
2599:Friends of Tribals Society
1343:. Routledge. p. 128.
1201:10.1177/006996679803200216
1167:
32:Sanskritisation (language)
29:
3152:
3082:
3009:
3002:
2967:
2896:
2883:Balkrishna Shivram Moonje
2875:
2868:(Vice President of India)
2856:(Prime Minister of India)
2844:(Prime Minister of India)
2834:
2827:
2816:(1925–1930 and 1931–1940)
2776:
2759:
2750:
2720:
2694:
2673:
2652:
2617:
2559:
2517:
2464:
2435:
2419:
2412:
2299:
2290:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
2232:
2200:
2175:Assimilation by religions
2174:
1646:
1541:– via Google Books.
1505:Turner, Bryan S. (2008),
1489:– via Google Books.
1353:– via Google Books.
1330:– via Google Books.
1307:Guneratne, Arjun (2002).
1126:10.1017/S000397560000223X
2944:Ramchandra Das Paramhans
2888:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
2808:Laxman Vasudev Paranjape
2560:NGOs and social welfare:
2201:Assimilation by writings
1473:Talbot, Cynthia (2015).
1408:Singh, Yogendra (1994).
1180:Fatalism and Development
1118:Permanent non–Revolution
491:
3234:Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava
3037:Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti
2919:Chinmayananda Saraswati
2627:India Policy Foundation
2546:Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh
2536:Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh
2465:Religion-specific wings
1494:Tarde, Gabriel (1899).
1450:. New Delhi, IN: Sage.
1417:Srinivas, M.N. (1952).
1263:Encyclopædia Britannica
1222:Encyclopædia Britannica
715:Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji
3313:Hinduism and evolution
2929:Prabhakar Balwant Dani
2695:News and communication
2631:Swadeshi Jagaran Manch
2594:Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram
2489:Muslim Rashtriya Manch
2443:Bharatiya Janata Party
2307:Cultural globalisation
1380:Jayapalan, N. (2001).
1298:Flood, Gavin (2013) ,
419:
377:, and western India's
230:
134:
122:
108:as a process by which
3298:Cultural assimilation
3293:Caste system in India
3239:Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
2618:Think tank affiliates
2589:Bharat Vikas Parishad
2531:Rashtra Sevika Samiti
2526:Bharatiya Kisan Sangh
2499:Hindu Jagarana Vedike
2494:Rashtriya Sikh Sangat
2472:Vishva Hindu Parishad
1640:Cultural assimilation
1359:Jaffrelot, Christophe
1335:Ikegame, Aya (2013).
1182:. Oxford India Press.
996:Bayly, Christopher A.
414:
217:
143:Brahmanical tradition
126:
110:
58:and practices of the
3229:Anti-minoritarianism
3140:Swaraj Prakash Gupta
2985:Madhukar Rao Bhagwat
2862:(President of India)
2842:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
2712:Vishwa Samvad Kendra
2660:Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas
2504:Dharm Jagaran Samiti
2449:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
2344:Internal colonialism
2312:Cultural imperialism
1993:Northern Afghanistan
929:Prakash, Om (2000).
550:Srinivas et al. 1996
511:process – that M.N.
83:Brahmanical religion
3246:Dharma-Dhamma unity
2980:K. N. Govindacharya
2828:Other Major figures
2349:Jewish assimilation
2322:Forced assimilation
1860:or Castilianisation
470:Panini (grammarian)
450:Battle for Sanskrit
344:Vishwakarma caste's
253:Himalayan Gazetteer
215:. Srinivas writes:
2848:Lal Krishna Advani
2584:Vivekananda Kendra
2509:Hindu Rashtra Sena
1973:Montenegrinisation
1282:has generic name (
1240:has generic name (
1176:Bista, Dor Bahadur
369:, central India's
3280:
3279:
3219:Integral humanism
3170:Hindu nationalism
3160:Cultural Hinduism
3148:
3147:
2998:
2997:
2897:Senior affiliates
2823:
2822:
2746:
2745:
2728:Samskrita Bharati
2372:
2371:
2339:Identity politics
2228:
2227:
1958:Macedonianisation
1590:cite encyclopedia
1572:Laurasian Academy
1538:978-81-7017-430-1
1507:"Sanskritization"
1393:978-81-7156-925-0
1372:978-1-85065-449-0
1289:CS1 maint: year (
1272:cite encyclopedia
1247:CS1 maint: year (
1230:cite encyclopedia
1019:978-0-52109-811-3
981:978-1-85065-670-8
915:978-1-85065-670-8
853:978-0-231-12786-8
826:978-0-520-01623-1
581:Baru, S. (2021).
330:twice-born castes
16:(Redirected from
3320:
3072:Suresh Chavhanke
3042:François Gautier
3007:
3006:
2876:Freedom fighters
2832:
2831:
2757:
2756:
2686:Hindu Aikya Vedi
2653:Project specific
2624:India Foundation
2417:
2416:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2317:Dominant culture
2300:Related concepts
2262:De-russification
2250:De-stalinisation
2245:De-communisation
2182:Christianisation
2172:
2171:
2024:or Latinisation
1978:Norwegianisation
1954:or Hungarisation
1928:
1769:Colombianisation
1671:Native Americans
1633:
1626:
1619:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1585:
1575:
1569:
1563:Witzel, Micael.
1559:
1554:Lubin, Timothy.
1542:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1501:
1490:
1469:
1461:
1439:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1376:
1354:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1303:
1294:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1252:
1245:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1212:
1183:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1066:
1060:
1059:, p. 33–35.
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1023:
992:
986:
985:
965:
959:
958:
926:
920:
919:
899:
893:
890:
870:
864:
857:
837:
831:
830:
816:Society in India
810:
804:
791:
780:
774:
773:
751:
745:
739:
733:
732:
724:Indian Antiquary
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
628:
622:
616:
610:
599:
598:
578:
572:
566:
553:
547:
541:
532:
516:
502:
480:Sanskrit studies
438:
433:
432:
431:
21:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3212:Sanskritisation
3144:
3078:
2994:
2975:Giriraj Kishore
2963:
2934:Praveen Togadia
2892:
2871:
2860:Ram Nath Kovind
2819:
2802:M. S. Golwalkar
2784:K. S. Sudarshan
2772:
2752:Sarsanghchalaks
2742:
2716:
2690:
2674:Region specific
2669:
2648:
2613:
2555:
2513:
2460:
2436:Political party
2431:
2408:
2403:
2373:
2368:
2364:Monoculturalism
2295:
2284:De-sinicisation
2257:De-nazification
2233:Opposite trends
2224:
2196:
2170:
2052:Sanskritisation
2017:Romanianisation
1983:Pakistanisation
1922:
1858:Hispanicisation
1848:Hawaiianisation
1804:Europeanisation
1799:Estonianisation
1754:Canadianisation
1661:Americanisation
1642:
1637:
1597:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1567:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1516:
1514:
1487:
1464:
1458:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1373:
1351:
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1269:
1268:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1170:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1045:Varadpande 1987
1043:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1020:
993:
989:
982:
966:
962:
927:
923:
916:
900:
896:
887:
871:
867:
854:
838:
834:
827:
811:
807:
781:
777:
752:
748:
740:
736:
712:
708:
700:
696:
688:
684:
676:
672:
664:
660:
652:
648:
640:
631:
623:
619:
611:
602:
595:
579:
575:
567:
556:
548:
544:
533:
529:
525:
520:
519:
509:sanskritization
503:
499:
494:
489:
475:Sanskrit cinema
436:Hinduism portal
434:
429:
427:
424:
407:
360:left-hand caste
276:
264:anthropologists
234:Sanskritisation
209:Kodava (Coorgs)
190:
141:, in which the
139:Hindu synthesis
106:Sanskritisation
99:
60:dominant castes
44:Sanskritization
40:Sanskritisation
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3326:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
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3189:
3179:
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3137:
3132:
3127:
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3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3057:Rajiv Malhotra
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3013:
3011:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2990:Swami Karpatri
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2959:Sambhaji Bhide
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2909:Babasaheb Apte
2906:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2866:Venkaiah Naidu
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2838:
2836:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2814:K. B. Hedgewar
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2790:Rajendra Singh
2787:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2769:(2009–present)
2763:
2761:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2733:Kreeda Bharati
2730:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2572:Ekal Vidyalaya
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2524:Farmers wing:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2445:(1980-present)
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2354:Language shift
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2242:
2240:De-arabisation
2236:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2169:
2168:
2166:Zairianisation
2163:
2158:
2156:Westernisation
2153:
2151:Vietnamisation
2148:
2143:
2138:
2136:Turkmenisation
2133:
2132:
2131:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2104:Talibanisation
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2064:
2059:
2057:Serbianisation
2054:
2049:
2047:Saffronisation
2044:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2000:Persianisation
1997:
1996:
1995:
1988:Pashtunisation
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:Lithuanisation
1944:
1942:Latvianization
1939:
1934:
1929:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1908:Japanification
1900:
1898:Italianisation
1895:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1878:
1876:Indigenisation
1873:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1838:Georgification
1835:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1809:Westernisation
1801:
1796:
1794:Dutchification
1791:
1786:
1784:Cypriotisation
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1744:Bosniakisation
1741:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1720:Belarusisation
1717:
1715:Araucanisation
1712:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1658:
1653:
1651:Africanisation
1647:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1598:|website=
1576:
1560:
1556:"Bibliography"
1549:
1548:External links
1546:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1522:
1502:
1491:
1485:
1470:
1462:
1456:
1444:Srinivas, M.N.
1440:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1392:
1377:
1371:
1355:
1349:
1332:
1319:
1304:
1295:
1253:
1213:
1184:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1151:
1147:Guneratne 2002
1139:
1100:
1098:, p. 128.
1088:
1081:
1061:
1049:
1047:, p. 290.
1037:
1025:
1018:
987:
980:
960:
921:
914:
894:
885:
865:
852:
832:
825:
805:
775:
746:
742:Jaffrelot 2005
734:
706:
694:
682:
670:
668:, p. 128.
658:
656:, p. 428.
654:Jayapalan 2001
646:
629:
617:
615:, p. 148.
600:
593:
573:
554:
542:
526:
524:
521:
518:
517:
505:Jaffrelot 2005
496:
495:
493:
490:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
441:
440:
439:
423:
420:
410:Yogendra Singh
406:
403:
275:
272:
249:E. T. Atkinson
241:Jaffrelot 2005
205:ethnographical
189:
186:
98:
95:
72:M. N. Srinivas
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3325:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3308:Social change
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
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3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:Indianisation
3190:
3188:
3187:Akhand Bharat
3185:
3184:
3183:
3182:Greater India
3180:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3135:Sita Ram Goel
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:N. S. Rajaram
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:Balraj Madhok
3088:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Michel Danino
3050:
3048:
3047:Koenraad Elst
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:D. P. Agrawal
3030:
3028:
3027:David Frawley
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
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2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:Eknath Ranade
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Bal Thackeray
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Ashok Singhal
2902:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2854:Narendra Modi
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:Head of state
2833:
2830:
2826:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2767:Mohan Bhagwat
2765:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2681:Hindu Munnani
2679:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2567:Vidya Bharati
2565:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2413:Organisations
2411:
2407:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:Globalisation
2332:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Korenizatsiia
2265:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:Cyrillisation
2206:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:Ukrainisation
2139:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2124:Turkification
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:Taiwanisation
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2099:Swedification
2097:
2095:
2094:Swahilisation
2092:
2090:
2089:Sovietisation
2087:
2085:
2084:Slovakisation
2082:
2080:
2079:Slavicisation
2077:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Sinhalisation
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2035:Russification
2033:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:Mongolisation
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1952:Magyarisation
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1937:Kurdification
1935:
1933:
1932:Koreanisation
1930:
1926:
1921:
1920:Kazakhisation
1918:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1886:Israelisation
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1864:Indianisation
1862:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:Hellenisation
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Germanisation
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:Gaelicisation
1831:
1827:
1824:
1823:
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1816:Finnicisation
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1764:Chilenisation
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1759:Celticisation
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1749:Bulgarisation
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1683:Anglicisation
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795:Ahir Samachar
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772:
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758:
750:
744:, p. 33.
743:
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726:
725:
720:
717:(May 1917) .
716:
710:
704:, p. 32.
703:
702:Srinivas 1952
698:
691:
690:Srinivas 1952
686:
680:, p. 48.
679:
678:Srinivas 1962
674:
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536:
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239:According to
237:
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222:
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3211:
3105:K. D. Sethna
3100:Girilal Jain
3022:Arun Shourie
3017:Bibliography
2954:Suresh Joshi
2579:Seva Bharati
2482:Durga Vahini
2288:
2272:Latinisation
2218:Soviet Union
2192:Islamisation
2161:Wolofisation
2146:Uzbekisation
2119:Thaification
2114:Tamilisation
2067:Sinicisation
2051:
2022:Romanisation
2012:Polonisation
1963:Malayisation
1915:Javanisation
1903:Japanisation
1881:Indonesation
1821:Francisation
1789:Czechisation
1779:Croatisation
1774:Creolisation
1656:Albanisation
1580:
1571:
1527:
1515:, retrieved
1510:
1496:
1475:
1465:
1447:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1397:. Retrieved
1382:
1362:
1340:
1324:. Retrieved
1309:
1299:
1261:
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1179:
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1096:Ikegame 2013
1091:
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1040:
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938:
934:
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875:
868:
860:
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835:
815:
808:
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786:
778:
769:
755:
749:
737:
728:
722:
709:
697:
685:
673:
661:
649:
620:
583:
576:
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530:
508:
500:
455:Islamization
415:
408:
399:Tharu people
364:
341:
334:
327:
316:
279:
277:
261:
257:Alfred Lyall
252:
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168:
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155:
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135:
130:
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111:
105:
100:
76:
68:sociological
43:
39:
38:
36:
18:Sanskritised
3165:Bharat Mata
3125:Rajiv Dixit
3120:Raj Krishna
3067:Subhash Kak
2810:(1930–1931)
2804:(1940–1973)
2798:(1973–1994)
2792:(1994–2000)
2786:(2000–2009)
2477:Bajrang Dal
2457:(1948-1971)
2451:(1951-1977)
2359:Melting pot
2187:Judaisation
1923: [
1688:Arabisation
1581:Marxization
1280:|last=
1238:|last=
1057:Talbot 2015
941:: 954–957.
642:Turner 2008
188:Development
79:syncretised
3287:Categories
3202:Indosphere
3153:Philosophy
3130:Ram Swarup
2949:S. S. Apte
2939:Ram Madhav
2707:Panchjanya
2420:Foundation
2129:placenames
1869:placenames
1737:placenames
1666:immigrants
1399:17 January
1320:0801487285
1195:(2): 527.
1159:Singh 1994
666:Flood 2013
625:Flood 2013
613:Flood 2013
523:References
199:thesis at
118:twice-born
97:Definition
3110:K. S. Lal
3095:Dharampal
3062:Ram Gopal
2968:Activists
2702:Organiser
2005:societies
1693:Armenians
1600:ignored (
1209:143948468
947:2249-1937
537:, citing
405:Reception
356:Karnataka
323:Kshatriya
213:Karnataka
64:"passing"
3303:Sanskrit
3260:Buddhism
3255:Hinduism
3175:Hindutva
1826:Brussels
1361:(2005).
1326:11 April
1218:"Rajput"
1178:(1999).
1134:23998568
998:(1973).
955:44148171
422:See also
352:Lingayat
274:Examples
245:Ambedkar
193:Srinivas
104:defined
102:Srinivas
91:Hinduism
3270:Sikhism
3265:Jainism
3207:Mandala
3010:Present
3003:Authors
2760:Present
2277:Ukraine
2040:Finland
1698:Berbers
1436:5206379
1168:Sources
766:4408077
485:Shiksha
367:Pahadis
251:in his
197:D.Phil.
175:samsara
56:rituals
2721:Others
1703:Blacks
1535:
1517:9 July
1483:
1454:
1434:
1390:
1369:
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1317:
1207:
1132:
1079:
1016:
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397:, and
385:among
375:Oraons
319:Rajput
311:Kalwar
201:Oxford
181:moksha
178:, and
157:dharma
114:tribal
52:tribes
48:castes
2072:Tibet
2028:names
1927:]
1891:names
1676:names
1568:(PDF)
1205:S2CID
1130:JSTOR
951:JSTOR
861:varna
800:begar
762:JSTOR
492:Notes
395:Newar
391:Magar
383:Nepal
379:Bhils
371:Gonds
307:Koeri
303:Kurmi
298:Yadav
281:Varna
151:Karma
3083:Past
2777:Past
1725:soft
1708:Jews
1602:help
1533:ISBN
1519:2021
1481:ISBN
1452:ISBN
1432:OCLC
1401:2013
1388:ISBN
1367:ISBN
1345:ISBN
1328:2011
1315:ISBN
1291:link
1284:help
1249:link
1242:help
1116:(1,
1077:ISBN
1014:ISBN
976:ISBN
943:ISSN
910:ISBN
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589:ISBN
387:Khas
373:and
294:Ahar
290:Gopa
286:Ahir
255:and
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163:papa
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