85:
30:
895:, the rank of an "absolute religion." In this book he proved himself to be an original thinker (see "Allg. Zeit. des Jud." 1895, pp. 126 et seq.). His "Katechismus der Israelitischen Religion" was also constructed on original lines; he considered the Biblical legends to be psychological and typical allegories, and the ceremonies of Judaism to be symbols of underlying ideas. From this attitude his Reform principles are derived. He denied that Judaism is a law; it is
964:
876:. From his arrival onward he became closely identified with, and an open advocate of the radical reform movement. In 1869 he was elected president of the rabbinical conference held in Philadelphia, at which the principles of Reform Judaism were formulated. In that year he engaged also in numerous ritual and doctrinal controversies.
841:
in 1838 but was forced to resign in 1841 because he promoted a radically liberal form of
Judaism, later to become known as classic German Reform Judaism. In 1843 he published his "Die Messias-Lehre der Juden in Kanzelvorträgen" and "Religionsphilosophie der Juden."
879:
Hirsch remained officiating rabbi of the
Philadelphia congregation for 22 years, resigning in 1888, after having spent 50 years of his life in the ministry. Moving to Chicago, he took up his abode there with his son, philosopher and rabbi Prof.
891:
Hirsch is best known as the author of the "Religionsphilosophie," a work written from the
Hegelian point of view, but for the purpose of vindicating the claim of Judaism to the rank denied it by
884:. During his rabbinate in Philadelphia Hirsch organized the Orphans' Guardian Society, and was the founder of the first branch in the United States of the
757:
954:
793:
52:
in his earlier years. He promoted the radical German Reform
Judaism movement and published several works in the 1840s. He moved to the
990:
Elmar P. Ittenbach: "Samuel Hirsch. Rabbiner-Religionsphilosoph-Reformer. Rabbi-Philosopher-Reformer" (German/English), Berlin 2014,
383:
1106:
1111:
995:
899:("teaching" or "lore") but is expressed in symbolic ceremonies that may be changed in accordance with historic development.
1101:
865:
84:
1096:
1091:
858:
885:
1081:
1049:
786:
872:, Pennsylvania, in 1866, he resigned his post in Europe and moved to the United States. There he succeeded Dr.
948:
1086:
892:
854:
560:
565:
378:
1121:
857:. During this period he published his "Die Humanität als Religion." He took an active part in the annual
902:
He was the first to propose holding Jewish services on Sunday instead of the traditional Jewish
Sabbath
779:
727:
680:
459:
861:(1844), Frankfurt am Main (1845), and Breslau (1846). In 1844 he published his "Reform im Judenthum."
1034:
712:
590:
494:
368:
277:
141:
977:
1030:
943:
555:
982:
645:
164:
1002:
675:
615:
585:
345:
282:
24:
1116:
1055:
873:
831:
625:
595:
489:
17:
1076:
1071:
827:
811:
737:
479:
444:
327:
8:
1007:
742:
227:
95:
947:
939:
823:
752:
747:
717:
670:
650:
499:
474:
252:
222:
179:
1023:
991:
933:
Samuel Hirsch: Philosopher of
Religion, Advocate of Emancipation and Radical Reformer
640:
630:
620:
535:
469:
464:
297:
272:
232:
76:
57:
707:
655:
350:
292:
257:
247:
237:
204:
1015:
665:
514:
406:
322:
312:
973:
881:
732:
600:
570:
550:
545:
540:
504:
484:
302:
41:
923:(1843). He published nothing in book form after coming to the United States.
1065:
968:
722:
605:
53:
869:
660:
509:
242:
194:
915:(1869–1878). His principal works were first issued in Germany, among them
29:
846:
610:
575:
388:
373:
307:
267:
125:
967: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
850:
635:
421:
411:
317:
287:
262:
184:
110:
426:
189:
120:
115:
935:, ed. Judith Frishman, Thorsten Fuchshuber, Walter de Gruyter, 2022.
807:
519:
199:
904:
815:
416:
49:
838:
762:
146:
45:
819:
1028:
Studies in
Nineteenth-Ventury Jewish Intellectual History.
1063:
1037:1964; new 2013 ISBN 978-0-674-73086-1 p. 175ff.
1044:, Revue des Etudes Juives 129 (1997), 205-215.
787:
48:who mainly worked and resided in present-day
919:(1838), a collection of sermons (1841), and
40:, (June 8, 1815 – May 14, 1889) was a major
972:
955:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
938:
794:
780:
859:rabbinical conferences held at Brunswick
28:
23:For the American lawyer/politician, see
911:He contributed to the early volumes of
407:Maimonidean / Anti-Maimonidean
1064:
866:Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel
13:
14:
1133:
976:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
986:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
962:
921:Religious Philosophy of the Jews
864:Having received a call from the
83:
1107:German male non-fiction writers
818:), he received his training at
1042:Samuel Hirsch: Jewish Hegelian
886:Alliance Israélite Universelle
351:Mansur ibn Sulayman al-Ghamari
56:in 1866 where he would die in
1:
926:
855:William II of the Netherlands
1112:19th-century American rabbis
814:, Germany; formerly part of
566:Eliezer ben Elijah Ashkenazi
63:
7:
1058:2. Aufl. Bd. 9 (2007), 132f
10:
1138:
1102:19th-century German rabbis
681:Menachem Mendel Schneerson
561:Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm
22:
15:
1097:German Jewish theologians
1092:University of Bonn alumni
1047:Joshua O. Haberman: Art.
1035:Cambridge (Massachusetts)
1012:1901–1906; vol 6, p. 417.
851:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
845:In 1843 he was appointed
837:He first became rabbi at
591:Simcha Bunim of Peshischa
384:Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat
142:Aristobulus of Alexandria
1031:Harvard University Press
1020:Samuel Hirsch and Hegel.
958:. New York: D. Appleton.
556:Joseph Solomon Delmedigo
16:Not to be confused with
1082:Philosophers of Judaism
983:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1016:Emil Ludwig Fackenheim
949:"Hirsch, Samuel"
616:Isaac Orobio de Castro
586:Shneur Zalman of Liadi
283:Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera
34:
25:Samuel Hirsch (lawyer)
1056:Encyclopaedia Judaica
832:University of Leipzig
626:Samuel David Luzzatto
596:Samson Raphael Hirsch
217:Spanish and European:
185:Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
32:
18:Samson Raphael Hirsch
1087:German Reform rabbis
828:University of Berlin
812:Rhineland-Palatinate
328:Judah Leon Abravanel
1040:Gershon Greenberg:
1008:Jewish Encyclopedia
758:Microcosm–macrocosm
676:Joseph Soloveitchik
346:Natan'el al-Fayyumi
147:Philo of Alexandria
71:Part of a series on
1122:Luxembourgian Jews
824:University of Bonn
822:. He attended the
671:Abraham Isaac Kook
651:Monsieur Chouchani
253:Joseph ibn Tzaddik
223:Hasdai ibn Shaprut
190:Ismaili philosophy
180:Brethren of Purity
35:
1024:Alexander Altmann
996:978-3-95565-045-2
804:
803:
641:Eliezer Berkovits
631:Elijah Benamozegh
621:Moses Mendelssohn
536:Francisco Sanches
495:Reconstructionist
298:Isaac ben Sheshet
293:Moses of Narbonne
273:Samuel ibn Tibbon
233:Abraham bar Hiyya
77:Jewish philosophy
58:Chicago, Illinois
1129:
987:
978:"Hirsch, Samuel"
966:
965:
959:
951:
917:What is Judaism?
913:The Jewish Times
796:
789:
782:
699:
656:Emmanuel Levinas
447:
278:Joseph ben Judah
258:Abraham ibn Ezra
248:Abraham ibn Daud
238:Bahya ibn Paquda
205:Rabbinic Judaism
167:
98:
87:
68:
67:
44:philosopher and
1137:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1062:
1061:
974:Singer, Isidore
963:
946:, eds. (1892).
929:
810:(in modern-day
800:
771:
770:
767:
700:
697:
690:
689:
686:
685:
666:Gershom Scholem
646:Eliyahu Dessler
525:
524:
448:
443:
436:
435:
432:
431:
394:
393:
356:
355:
333:
332:
323:Isaac Abarbanel
313:Elia del Medigo
210:
209:
168:
163:
156:
155:
152:
151:
131:
130:
99:
94:
66:
27:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1135:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1060:
1059:
1050:Hirsch, Samuel
1045:
1038:
1013:
1003:Hirsch, Samuel
999:
988:
960:
936:
928:
925:
882:Emil G. Hirsch
802:
801:
799:
798:
791:
784:
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772:
769:
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673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
601:Jacob Abendana
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
571:Tzvi Ashkenazi
568:
563:
558:
553:
551:Salomon Maimon
548:
546:Baruch Spinoza
543:
541:Uriel da Costa
538:
532:
528:
526:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
490:Existentialist
487:
482:
477:
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467:
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315:
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305:
303:Hasdai Crescas
300:
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230:
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176:
174:Influenced by:
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144:
138:
134:
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107:
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100:
93:
92:
89:
88:
80:
79:
73:
72:
65:
62:
42:Reform Judaism
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1134:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
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1098:
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1017:
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1011:
1009:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
985:
984:
979:
975:
970:
969:public domain
961:
957:
956:
950:
945:
941:
940:Wilson, J. G.
937:
934:
931:
930:
924:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
906:
900:
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
877:
875:
874:David Einhorn
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
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848:
843:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
797:
792:
790:
785:
783:
778:
777:
775:
774:
764:
763:Righteousness
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
713:Chosen people
711:
709:
706:
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703:
702:
694:
693:
682:
679:
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639:
637:
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629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
606:Isaac Cardoso
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
581:Samuel Hirsch
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
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398:
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382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
369:Isaac Israeli
367:
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78:
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61:
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55:
54:United States
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:Samuel Hirsch
33:Samuel Hirsch
31:
26:
19:
1117:Chief rabbis
1048:
1041:
1027:
1019:
1006:
981:
953:
932:
920:
916:
912:
910:
903:
901:
896:
890:
878:
870:Philadelphia
863:
844:
836:
805:
661:Martin Buber
580:
529:
480:Conservative
453:
400:
362:
339:
243:Judah Halevi
216:
195:Jewish Kalam
173:
135:
104:
37:
36:
20:(1808–1888).
1077:1889 deaths
1072:1815 births
847:chief rabbi
718:Eschatology
611:David Nieto
576:Jacob Emden
510:Neo-Hasidic
389:Ibn Kammuna
379:al-Mukkamas
374:Saadia Gaon
308:Joseph Albo
268:Nachmanides
228:Ibn Gabirol
96:Hellenistic
1066:Categories
927:References
830:, and the
636:Moses Hess
454:Positions:
401:Positions:
318:Judah Minz
288:Gersonides
263:Maimonides
126:Boethusian
105:Positions:
944:Fiske, J.
748:Holocaust
738:Happiness
520:Rambamist
500:Holocaust
475:Chassidic
465:Sephardic
412:Kabbalist
340:Yemenite:
116:Sadducean
111:Hasmonean
64:Biography
60:in 1889.
853:by King
808:Thalfang
806:Born in
743:Holiness
460:Orthodox
427:Tosafist
422:Talmudic
200:Kabbalah
165:Medieval
121:Pharisee
1026:(ed.):
971::
905:Shabbat
849:of the
816:Prussia
753:Messiah
530:People:
505:Renewal
417:Karaism
136:People:
50:Germany
1005:, in:
994:
839:Dessau
826:, the
723:Ethics
698:Topics
515:Mussar
485:Reform
470:Chabad
445:Modern
363:Other:
1001:Art.
897:Lehre
893:Hegel
728:Faith
708:Anger
46:rabbi
1054:In:
1022:In:
992:ISBN
820:Metz
733:God
1068::
1033:,
1018::
980:.
952:.
942:;
908:.
888:.
868:,
834:.
1052:.
1010:.
998:.
795:e
788:t
781:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
