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69:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
2028:, the urheimat of the Indo-Europeans must be where both the languages and the object it describes can be found: Northern-Central Europe. The argument was first put forward by German philologist
55:
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Lane, George
Sherman (1970). "Tocharian. Indo-European and Non-Indo-European Relationships.". In Cardona, George; Hoenigswald, Henry M.; Senn, Alfred (eds.).
2427:
2128:
Adams, Douglas Q. (1985). "PIE *lokso-, (anadromous) brown trout' and *kokso- 'groin' and their descendants in
Tocharian: A coda to the Lachsargument".
2032:
in 1883. The argument was subject to continued scholarly debate throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in German academia.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Thieme, Paul (1953). "Die Heimat der indogermanischen
Gemeinsprache" [The homeland of the common Indo-European language].
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Language comparison and ancient history. Linguistic-historical contributions to the investigation of Indo-European antiquity.
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concurred in a 1970 conference paper: "In my opinion, the name in question probably did refer originally not to the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Diebold, A. Richard (1976). "Contributions to the Indo-European salmon problem". In
Christie, William M (ed.).
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2308:(11). Mainz: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Wiesbaden.
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Lexikon der indogermanischen
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to this template: there are already 1,859 articles in the
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a machine-translated version of the German article.
2016:The reasoning went as follows: Since the term for
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2159:] (1st ed.). Jena: Costenoble.
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1997:etymology of the respective words for
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2644:Indo-European Etymological Dictionary
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2189:Nurkiyazova, Sevind J (13 May 2019).
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1918:Indo-European Etymological Dictionary
1890:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
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2043:found in the Caucasus described the
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2051:) rather than the Atlantic salmon (
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2858:Origin hypotheses of ethnic groups
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2075:region." That lent support to the
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1505:Proto-Indo-European mythology
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2806:. You can help Knowledge by
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2099:Proto-Indo-European homeland
1193:Northern Black Polished Ware
392:Proto-Indo-European language
7:
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2277:The Indo-European Languages
2196:Nautilus (science magazine)
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1510:Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism
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1515:Historical Vedic religion
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2055:). American philologist
1520:Ancient Iranian religion
883:Novotitarovskaya culture
730:Indo-European migrations
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2428:Glossary of sound laws
2256:Cite journal requires
2089:Historical linguistics
2007:Balto-Slavic languages
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127:Knowledge:Translation
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2694:The king and the god
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1989:, as opposed to the
749:Anatolian hypothesis
701:Proto-Indo-Europeans
608:Hittite inscriptions
153:Indo-European topics
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2726:Armenian hypothesis
2716:Schleicher theories
2472:Edgerton's converse
2235:on 14 February 2019
2178:. pp. 341–387.
2057:George Sherman Lane
2022:Proto-Indo-European
2011:Proto-Indo-European
1971:(also known by the
1005:Multi-cordoned ware
876:Mikhaylovka culture
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469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
423:
422:
415:
414:
413:
412:
388:
387:
380:
379:
378:
377:
370:
363:
356:
349:
342:
335:
328:
316:
311:
305:
304:
298:
297:
296:
295:
283:
282:
281:
274:
267:
255:
254:
253:
241:
236:
231:
230:
229:
222:
210:
205:
204:
203:
190:
189:
182:
181:
174:
169:
168:
165:
164:
156:
155:
149:
148:
136:
135:
131:
130:
123:
112:
90:
87:
75:adding a topic
70:
59:
52:
33:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2890:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
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2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2514:
2512:
2511:Caland system
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Bartholomae's
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2322:
2315:
2307:
2300:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2263:
2250:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2176:North-Holland
2173:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2030:Otto Schrader
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1987:Baltic region
1984:
1980:
1979:
1978:Lachsargument
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:J. P. Mallory
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:Reconstructed
1496:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1326:
1325:Insular Celts
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:Indo-Iranians
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
986:
984:
983:Pontic Steppe
977:
974:
973:
966:
962:
959:
955:
954:
953:
950:
949:
948:
946:
940:
937:
935:
932:
929:
925:
924:
923:
921:
915:
912:
911:
910:
908:
902:
899:
898:
897:
895:
884:
880:
877:
873:
872:
870:
866:
863:
859:
856:
852:
849:
845:
842:
838:
835:
831:
830:
829:
826:
824:
821:
817:
816:Kurgan stelae
814:
813:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
802:
800:
799:Pontic Steppe
793:
790:
789:
783:
782:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
741:
740:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
717:
716:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
693:
687:
686:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
599:
598:
590:
589:Proto-Iranian
586:
583:
580:
576:
572:
569:
567:
564:
561:
557:
553:
550:
547:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
521:
518:
517:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
476:
473:
472:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
432:Daco-Thracian
430:
428:
425:
424:
421:
418:
417:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
395:
393:
390:
389:
386:
385:Reconstructed
383:
382:
375:
371:
368:
364:
361:
357:
354:
350:
347:
343:
340:
336:
333:
329:
326:
322:
321:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
306:
303:
300:
299:
293:
289:
288:
287:
284:
279:
275:
272:
268:
265:
261:
260:
259:
256:
251:
247:
246:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
227:
223:
220:
216:
215:
214:
211:
209:
206:
201:
197:
196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
176:
172:
167:
166:
162:
158:
157:
154:
151:
150:
146:
142:
141:
128:
124:
121:
113:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
81:
80:main category
77:
76:
71:
68:
64:
60:
57:
54:
53:
47:
41:
39:
34:You can help
30:
21:
20:
2808:expanding it
2797:
2771:
2692:
2671:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2604:Main sources
2521:-conjugation
2483:Szemerényi's
2443:Fortunatov's
2416:
2408:
2320:
2314:
2305:
2299:
2279:. New York:
2276:
2270:
2249:cite journal
2237:. Retrieved
2230:the original
2212:
2200:. Retrieved
2194:
2184:
2171:
2165:
2156:
2151:
2144:
2129:
2123:
2066:
2060:
2052:
2049:Salmo trutta
2048:
2040:
2034:
2025:
2015:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1882:Publications
1881:
1867:
1848:
1802:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:Paleo-Balkan
1657:
1656:
1644:
1643:
1585:
1584:
1540:
1539:
1527:
1497:
1480:Greater Iran
1473:
1472:
1461:
1460:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1410:
1353:Paleo-Balkan
1318:Celtiberians
1297:
1296:
1279:
1278:
1266:
1265:
1253:
1252:
1181:
1180:
1168:
1167:
1145:
1144:
1132:
1131:
1101:
1100:
1043:
1042:
1020:
1019:
982:
981:
944:
943:
919:
918:
906:
905:
893:
892:
834:Bug–Dniester
798:
797:
663:Gothic Bible
579:Proto-Baltic
575:Proto-Slavic
560:Proto-Italic
556:Proto-Celtic
519:
474:
462:Italo-Celtic
457:Indo-Hittite
447:Graeco-Aryan
420:Hypothetical
419:
384:
319:Paleo-Balkan
301:
258:Indo-Iranian
213:Balto-Slavic
186:
102:edit summary
93:
73:
43:
35:
2531:Nasal infix
2448:Grassmann's
2433:Brugmann's
2062:Salmo salar
2053:Salmo salar
2045:brown trout
2037:Paul Thieme
1760:Continental
1753:Anglo-Saxon
1456:Middle Ages
1406:Middle Ages
1261:Indo-Aryans
1254:Indo-Aryans
1061:Bell Beaker
1056:Corded ware
952:Corded ware
841:Sredny Stog
786:Archaeology
566:Proto-Greek
546:Proto-Norse
2847:Categories
2595:Vocabulary
2499:Morphology
2419:*kʷetwóres
2403:Sound laws
2115:References
2013:language.
1868:Institutes
1788:Lithuanian
1542:Indo-Aryan
1528:Historical
1462:Indo-Aryan
1419:Tocharians
1333:Cimmerians
1211:Bronze Age
1102:South Asia
976:Bronze Age
914:Afanasievo
718:Mainstream
482:Vocabulary
402:Sound laws
264:Indo-Aryan
2573:Particles
2468:Sievers's
2458:Pinault's
2453:Osthoff's
2370:Phonology
2281:Routledge
1803:Practices
1622:Yarsanism
1432:Albanians
1412:East Asia
1399:Scythians
1391:Phrygians
1384:Paeonians
1377:Illyrians
1363:Thracians
1280:East Asia
1231:Armenians
1158:Hallstatt
1140:Chernoles
1081:Terramare
1071:Trzciniec
1038:Sintashta
1033:Andronovo
934:Cernavodă
907:East Asia
862:Khvalynsk
602:Philology
512:Particles
398:Phonology
339:Liburnian
314:Tocharian
309:Anatolian
278:Nuristani
171:Languages
120:talk page
72:Consider
40:in German
2750:See also
2704:Theories
2578:Pronouns
2568:Numerals
2562:Nominals
2409:boukólos
2398:s-mobile
2138:: 72–78.
2083:See also
2073:Caucasus
2003:Germanic
1983:urheimat
1849:Scholars
1747:Germanic
1718:Scottish
1683:Thracian
1677:Illyrian
1671:Albanian
1659:European
1652:Armenian
1636:Ossetian
1630:Scythian
1615:Yazidism
1565:Buddhism
1556:Hinduism
1447:Norsemen
1357:Anatolia
1274:Iranians
1267:Iranians
1248:Iron Age
1223:Hittites
1176:Colchian
1169:Caucasus
1127:Iron Age
1096:Lusatian
1091:Urnfield
1015:Srubnaya
1010:Poltavka
1000:Catacomb
939:Cucuteni
894:Caucasus
711:Religion
696:Homeland
638:Behistun
618:Linear B
507:Numerals
502:Pronouns
427:Balkanic
374:Thracian
367:Phrygian
360:Paeonian
346:Messapic
332:Illyrian
244:Hellenic
239:Germanic
208:Armenian
200:Albanian
194:Albanoid
145:a series
143:Part of
96:provide
2655:Origins
2488:Weise's
2478:Stang's
2463:Siebs's
2239:11 July
1995:cognate
1985:in the
1781:Latvian
1739:Cornish
1609:Kurdish
1595:Persian
1587:Iranian
1579:Sikhism
1572:Jainism
1535:Hittite
1474:Iranian
1370:Dacians
1163:Jastorf
1086:Tumulus
1066:Únětice
995:Yamnaya
990:Chariot
928:Usatovo
869:Yamnaya
706:Society
690:Origins
623:Rigveda
475:Grammar
302:Extinct
292:Romance
271:Iranian
118:to the
100:in the
42:.
2863:Salmon
2646:(IEED)
2630:(LIPP)
2588:copula
2546:Vṛddhi
2506:Ablaut
2378:Accent
2287:
2202:13 May
2041:*laḱs-
2026:*laḱs-
1999:salmon
1973:German
1963:, the
1796:Slavic
1775:Baltic
1725:Breton
1705:Celtic
1689:Dacian
1645:Others
1425:Europe
1298:Europe
1292:Yuezhi
1146:Europe
1133:Steppe
1044:Europe
901:Maykop
855:Samara
811:Kurgan
628:Avesta
410:Ablaut
406:Accent
353:Mysian
325:Dacian
286:Italic
234:Celtic
226:Slavic
219:Baltic
187:Extant
2798:This
2775:(EIE)
2638:(NIL)
2622:(LIV)
2614:(IEW)
2583:Verbs
2233:(PDF)
2222:(PDF)
2155:[
2024:root
1975:term
1767:Norse
1732:Welsh
1711:Irish
1700:Roman
1695:Greek
1550:Vedic
1442:Slavs
1437:Balts
1311:Gauls
1305:Celts
1287:Wusun
1182:India
958:Baden
658:Ogham
633:Homer
520:Other
497:Nouns
492:Verbs
250:Greek
63:DeepL
2804:stub
2536:Root
2423:rule
2411:rule
2285:ISBN
2262:help
2241:2016
2204:2019
2005:and
1829:Yule
1820:Sati
1109:BMAC
487:Root
94:must
92:You
56:View
2518:h₂e
2001:in
1967:or
1959:In
1114:Yaz
65:or
2849::
2283:.
2253::
2251:}}
2247:{{
2224:.
2193:.
2079:.
1226:)
577:·
558:·
408:,
404:,
400::
147:on
2835:e
2828:t
2821:v
2810:.
2474:)
2470:(
2354:e
2347:t
2340:v
2293:.
2264:)
2260:(
2243:.
2206:.
2047:(
1948:e
1941:t
1934:v
1827:/
1691:)
1686:·
1680:·
1674:·
1669:(
1449:/
1355:/
1220:(
591:)
587:(
581:)
573:(
562:)
554:(
548:)
544:(
129:.
122:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
