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innocent blood, challenged
Radislas to single combat. As Radislas advanced toward the king, he saw by Wenceslaus's side two angels, who cried: "Stand off!" Thunderstruck, Radislas repented his rebellion, threw himself from his horse at Wenceslaus's feet, and asked for pardon. Wenceslaus raised him and kindly received him again into favour.
1392:, a thirteenth-century manuscript from Bohemia in the Swedish National Library in Stockholm, it is stated: "All this bears witness to the outstanding importance of the cult of Vaclav in Bohemia at the time of the Devil's Bible's compilation. Moreover, all three festivals are inscribed in red ink, denoting their superlative degree."
737:, no one doubts that, rising every night from his noble bed, with bare feet and only one chamberlain, he went around to God’s churches and gave alms generously to widows, orphans, those in prison and afflicted by every difficulty, so much so that he was considered, not a prince, but the father of all the wretched.
469:
in 895. Henry had been forced to pay a huge tribute to the
Magyars in 926 and needed the Bohemian tribute, which Wenceslaus probably refused to pay after the reconciliation between Arnulf and Henry. Another possible reason for the attack was the formation of the anti-Saxon alliance between Bohemia,
909:
in 1853, and may be a translation of a poem by Czech poet Václav Alois
Svoboda. A supposed American spelling of the duke's name, "Wenceslaus," is occasionally encountered in later textual variants of the carol, although it was not used by Neale in his version, and in the U.S. the name usually is
814:
According to legend, one Count
Radislas rose in rebellion and marched against King Wenceslaus. The latter sent a deputation with offers of peace, but Radislas viewed this as a sign of cowardice. The two armies were drawn up opposite each other in battle array, when Wenceslaus, to avoid shedding
810:
Legends of
Wenceslaus began to appear around the second half of the 10th century, several decades after his death, and spread throughout both Bohemia and abroad, including Italy, Germany, and even Russia. Such legends include the first Old Slavic legend from the 10th century, the Latin legend
763:" is one of the oldest known Czech songs. Traceable to the 12th century AD, it is still among the most popular religious songs in the Bohemian lands. In 1918, at the founding of the modern Czechoslovak state, the song was discussed as a possible choice for the national anthem. During the
948:, Wenceslaus’s image as a saint and martyr was often employed by Charles in his enterprises both at home and abroad, and in later years when the systematic Germanization of Bohemia began, Wenceslaus came to be considered a representation of the Czech national consciousness.
871:
340:
Drahomíra then assumed the role of regent and immediately initiated measures against
Christians. When Wenceslaus was 18, those Christian nobles who remained rebelled against Drahomira. The uprising was successful, and Drahomira was sent into exile to Budeč.
870:
986:
wrote a comic epic poem, "The
Christmas that Almost Wasn't" (1957), in which a boy awakens Wenceslaus and his knights to save the kingdom of Lullapat from usurpers who have outlawed Christmas, with elements from the legend of Wenceslas.
332:
when assassins murdered her on 15 September 921. She is said to have been strangled by them with her veil. She was at first buried in the church of St. Michael at Tetín, but her remains were later removed, probably by
Wenceslaus, to the
539:
The assassination of
Wenceslaus has been characterized as an important turning point in early Bohemian history, as the rule of Boleslav I saw him renounce the Franks, centralize power in Bohemia and expand the territory of the polity.
1713:
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which says that when the
Motherland is in danger or in its darkest times and close to ruin, the equestrian statue of King Wenceslaus in Wenceslaus Square will come to life, raise the army sleeping in Blaník, and upon crossing the
473:
Wenceslaus introduced German priests into his realm and favoured the Latin rite instead of the old Slavic, which had gone into disuse in many places for want of priests. He also founded a rotunda consecrated to
839:
his horse will stumble and trip over a stone, revealing the legendary sword of Bruncvík. With this sword, King Wenceslaus will slay all the enemies of the Czechs, bringing peace and prosperity to the land.
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In 921, when Wenceslaus was about 13, his father died and his grandmother became regent. Jealous of the influence Ludmila wielded over Wenceslaus, Drahomíra arranged to have her killed. Ludmila was at
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With the support of the nobles, Wenceslaus took control of the government. He "reined in the dependent dukes who had become restive under the regency and used Christianity to strengthen his state."
250:
His martyrdom and the popularity of several biographies gave rise to a reputation for heroic virtue that resulted in his sainthood. He was posthumously declared to be a king and patron saint of the
869:
940:. Later, even when the Hussites and Protestants gained the upper hand in Bohemia and the cult of Wenceslaus faded, he still remained a venerated figure throughout Bohemia, with
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In September 935, a group of nobles allied with Wenceslaus's younger brother Boleslav plotted to kill him. After Boleslav invited Wenceslaus to a celebration of the feast of
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of the early 12th century, one of Boleslav's sons was born on the day of Wenceslaus's death. Because of the ominous circumstance of his birth, the infant was named
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514:, three of Boleslav's companions (Tira, Česta, and Hněvsa) fell on the duke and stabbed him to death. As the duke fell, Boleslav ran him through with a lance.
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Wenceslaus flees from his brother who is wielding a sword, but the priest closes the door of the church (from Gumpold's Codex)
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posthumously "conferred on the regal dignity and title", which is why he is referred to as "king" in legend and song.
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from 921 until his death, probably in 935. According to the legend, he was assassinated by his younger brother,
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963:. The statue is a popular meeting place in Prague. Demonstrations against the Communist regime were held there.
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and other patrons of Bohemia (St. Adalbert, St. Ludmila, St. Prokop and St. Agnes of Bohemia) are located on
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avenged his death by killing one of the chief conspirators, an act for which he was executed by Boleslav.
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Wenceslaus’s name was often invoked, and it was only later that he was overshadowed by Hussite warrior
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1294:, Vol. VI, ed. J.R. Tanner, C.W. Previt-Orton and Z.N. Brook, (Cambridge University Press, 1957), 426.
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1714:"Wenceslas Looks Out: Monarchy, Locality, and the Symbolism of Power in Fourteenth-Century Bavaria"
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in a sudden attack that forced Wenceslaus to resume the payment of a tribute first imposed by the
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1329:, Volume XXXVII, No. 3, December 1929, p. 8, University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, Quebec
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Early in 929, the joint forces of Duke Arnulf of Bavaria and King Henry I the Fowler reached
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574:, Prague. The head of the statue apparently fits the measurements of Wenceslaus's skull.
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1342:"The archaeology of early medieval violence: the mass grave at Budeč, Czech Republic"
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But his deeds I think you know better than I could tell you; for, as is read in his
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Palo Alto, California: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 2004. n.p.,
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422:, the rulers of the Bohemian Duchy had to deal both with continuous raids by the
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whose power stems mainly from his great piety as well as his princely vigor.
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Although Wenceslaus was only a duke during his lifetime, Holy Roman Emperor
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with the skull of Saint Wenceslaus during a procession on 28 September 2006
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706:. Within a few decades, four biographies of him were in circulation. These
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462:
438:, who had started several eastern campaigns into the adjacent lands of the
431:
407:
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4004:
1985:
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himself often referencing Wenceslaus in his sermons. During the reign of
306:, but was baptized at the time of her marriage. His paternal grandmother,
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183:
163:
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3113:
3108:
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2979:
2069:
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1341:
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1196:
Christiansen, Rupert. "The story behind the carol: Good King Wenceslas",
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291:
1995:
1809:
1798:
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2632:
1782:
1762:
1698:
1682:
1617:
1439:
999:
983:
889:
526:
451:
379: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1882:
1466:
Hastening Toward Prague: Power and Society in the Medieval Czech Lands
1436:
The Life and Passion of Saint Václav and his Grandmother Saint Ludmila
1147:"Svatý Václav se narodil u nás, tvrdí obyvatelé Stochova na Kladensku"
1069:
Most frequently cited year of birth; other cited years are 908 or 911.
4317:
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4060:
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3019:
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918:(Wenceslaus I Premyslid), who lived more than three centuries later.
774:. On this day, celebrations and a pilgrimage are held in the city of
475:
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1950:
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30:"St. Wenceslas" redirects here. For the 1930 Czechoslovak film, see
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1965:
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The first, third, and fifth verses, performed by the chorus of the
2925:
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1537:
994:, is a highly fictional account of his early life. The film stars
798:
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immediately after his death, when a cult of Wenceslaus grew up in
4266:
4261:
4166:
4130:
4055:
4024:
3071:
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2716:
1980:
1960:
1168:"Ostatky sv. Václava jsou po 1076 letech zpět ve Staré Boleslavi"
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699:
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158:
114:
1221:
Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 8 January 2016
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1975:
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According to legend; otherwise the place of birth is unknown.
725:
Referring approvingly to these hagiographies, the chronicler
695:
552:
235:
2581:
1618:"Latin Legends of Czech Saints: Vitus, Prokop and Wenceslas"
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Several centuries later this legend was asserted as fact by
317:
and, at an early age, Wenceslaus was sent to the college at
4292:
3956:
2674:
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His helmet and armour are on display inside Prague Castle.
756:
1846:
1432:
Vita et passio sancti Venceslai et sancte Ludmile ave eius
811:
Crescente fide, Gumpold's legend, and Christian's legend.
532:
There is also a tradition that Wenceslaus's loyal servant
1307:
Newton, Michael. "Wenceslaus I (907–935)", ABC-CLIO, 2014
1251:
Butler, Alban. "St. Wenceslas, Duke of Bohemia, Martyr",
980:
was at the time the most expensive Czech film ever made.
1339:
1340:Štefan, Ivo; Stránská, Petra; Vondrová, Hana (2016).
1292:
The Cambridge Medieval History: Victory of the Papacy
2550:
During his reign obtained non-hereditary royal title
1219:
Francis. "St. Wenceslaus." The Catholic Encyclopedia
1017:
786:. Since 2000, the September 28 feast day has been a
1046:
Statues of Saints Norbert, Wenceslaus and Sigismund
767:, it was often played along with the Czech anthem.
282:, and grandmother, Ludmila, had been converted by
1236:Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, . 2016
4374:
901:(celebrated on December 26 in the West) carol "
1268:The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown
782:, which took place in 938, is commemorated on
148:Basilica of St. Wenceslaus in Stará Boleslav,
2597:
1898:
1751:"St. Wenceslas Monument in Prague", Prague.cz
914:. Wenceslaus is not to be confused with King
1641:. Prague: Nakladatelství XYZ. p. 289.
1288:Bohemia to the Extinction of the Premyslids
1189:
2604:
2590:
1905:
1891:
1683:"Good King Wenceslas: A Historical Sketch"
1581:Martyr Wenceslaus the Prince of the Czechs
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
729:, writing in about the year 1119, states:
52:
1680:
1462:
1357:
1302:
1300:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1123:"Sep 28 – St Wenceslaus (907–929) martyr"
897:Wenceslaus is the subject of the popular
395:Learn how and when to remove this message
2490:
2405:
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2337:
2300:
2255:
2221:
920:
797:
770:Wenceslaus's feast day is celebrated on
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406:
310:, saw to it that he was educated in the
1912:
1204:
1141:
1139:
822:claims an army of knights sleeps under
759:"Svatý Václave" (Saint Wenceslaus) or "
254:. He is the subject of the well-known "
62:(from the 10th-century Gumpold's Codex)
14:
4375:
1711:
1636:
1297:
1239:
337:, which had been built by his father.
58:Wenceslaus adored by his niece-in-law
3934:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
2585:
1886:
1687:The Slavonic and East European Review
1325:Gibbs, C.H., "Good King Wenceslaus",
1318:
969:
953:equestrian statue of Saint Wenceslaus
790:, celebrated as Czech Statehood Day.
470:the Polabian Slavs, and the Magyars.
302:, was the daughter of a chief of the
212:
1763:"Prague Castle: St Wenceslas Chapel"
1469:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
1136:
788:public holiday in the Czech Republic
377:adding citations to reliable sources
348:
1847:Good King Wenceslas: The Real Story
1607:Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
1570:Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
664:, dagger, burning eagle on a banner
24:
1497:"Defries – St. Oswald's Martyrdom"
850:
529:, which means "a dreadful feast".
486:that was the basis of present-day
25:
4509:
1823:
1426:(in Latin) by Gumpold, bishop of
1424:Passio sancti Venceslavi martyris
1125:. CatholicIreland.net. 2011-09-28
928:on the eponymous square in Prague
4438:10th-century monarchs of Bohemia
4413:10th-century people from Bohemia
4355:
4354:
3810:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3705:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
2205:
1787:The Christmas that Almost Wasn't
1020:
998:in the title role, supported by
888:Problems playing this file? See
866:
710:had a powerful influence on the
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353:
1803:
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1705:
1674:
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1456:
1442:(Kristián) as described in the
1395:
1382:
1333:
1281:
1259:
364:needs additional citations for
27:Duke of Bohemia from 921 to 935
4443:Burials at St. Vitus Cathedral
4433:10th-century murdered monarchs
4418:10th-century Christian martyrs
3790:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3719:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
3102:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2881:Legend of the Christmas Spider
1639:Staropražské pověsti a legendy
1231:Ott, Michael. "St. Ludmilla."
1224:
1160:
1115:
1091:
1072:
1063:
570:Statue of Saint Wenceslaus in
335:church of St. George in Prague
225:; c. 907 – 28 September 935),
13:
1:
4423:10th-century Christian saints
4403:Eastern Orthodox royal saints
4383:Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia
3741:Christmas television specials
3640:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2727:Annunciation to the shepherds
2611:
2005:
1149:(in Czech). iDnes. 2011-09-28
1085:
910:spelled Wenceslas, as in the
558:Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia
543:
4428:10th-century dukes in Europe
3795:Christmas and holiday season
2572:from the Wittelsbach dynasty
974:The lavish 1930 silent film
793:
690:Wenceslaus was considered a
265:
7:
4483:Czech Roman Catholic saints
4463:Roman Catholic royal saints
1013:
274:, Duke of Bohemia from the
10:
4514:
2707:Adoration of the Shepherds
1811:Good King Wenceslas (1994)
1681:Odložilík, Otakar (1929).
1585:OCA – Lives of the Saints.
1485:– via Google Boeken.
990:The 1994 television film,
270:Wenceslaus was the son of
36:
29:
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3951:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3763:
3712:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3658:
3633:The Oxford Book of Carols
3569:
3400:
3209:Feast of the Seven Fishes
3122:
3043:
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2772:Massacre of the Innocents
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2004:
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1791:Little, Brown and Company
1730:10.1017/S0008938919000141
1233:The Catholic Encyclopedia
926:Statue of Saint Wenceslas
843:
780:translation of his relics
668:
655:
645:
629:
615:
602:
586:
579:
563:
550:
194:Chalcedonian Christianity
189:
179:
169:
157:
143:
124:
108:
104:
94:
84:
74:
67:
51:
46:
3753:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
2318:Ladislaus the Posthumous
1718:Central European History
1499:. Mun.ca. Archived from
1463:Wolverton, Lisa (2001).
1056:
1041:Sword of Saint Wenceslas
1036:Crown of Saint Wenceslas
932:At the beginning of the
508:Saints Cosmas and Damian
344:
37:Not to be confused with
4493:Medieval child monarchs
4408:Eastern Orthodox saints
3915:Small Business Saturday
3785:Black Friday (shopping)
3780:Black Friday (partying)
3274:Nine Lessons and Carols
3204:Events and celebrations
2166:1198–1306 (Kings)
1637:Košnář, Julius (2008).
1559:September 28/October 11
1524:, Quoted in Wolverton,
1253:The Lives of the Saints
1103:Encyclopædia Britannica
916:Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
905:". It was published by
761:Saint Wenceslas Chorale
624:Eastern Orthodox Church
80:28 September 935 or 929
39:Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
4458:Christian royal saints
3559:Post-War United States
2008:870–1198 (Dukes)
1174:(in Czech). Deník.cz,
929:
855:
807:
739:
503:
426:and the forces of the
412:
288:Byzantine Christianity
209:
3608:Hit singles in the US
3603:Hit singles in the UK
3164:Carols by Candlelight
3092:Santa Claus' daughter
2700:Adoration of the Magi
1956:Přemysl the Ploughman
1830:Patron Saints Index:
1538:"Good King Wenceslas"
1266:Agnew, Hugh LeCaine.
924:
854:
801:
731:
501:
410:
4478:Czech murder victims
4468:Christmas characters
3900:Santa's Candy Castle
3224:Google Santa Tracker
2229:Henry the Carinthian
2157:Vladislaus III Henry
1712:Scales, Len (2019).
1359:10.15184/aqy.2016.29
826:, a mountain in the
718:(righteous king), a
411:Seal of Wenceslaus I
373:improve this article
280:Bořivoj I of Bohemia
32:St. Wenceslas (film)
3905:Santa Claus Village
3820:Christmas Mountains
3726:Journey of the Magi
2732:Baptism of the Lord
2561:Wittelsbach dynasty
2055:Boleslaus the Brave
1845:Rejzl, Jan (1995).
1623:Library of Congress
1444:Kristiánova legenda
1407:Old Church Slavonic
1403:First Slavonic Life
1051:Good King Wenceslas
992:Good King Wenceslas
903:Good King Wenceslas
899:Saint Stephen's Day
862:Good King Wenceslas
639:St. Vitus Cathedral
572:St. Vitus Cathedral
488:St. Vitus Cathedral
467:Arnulf of Carinthia
315:liturgical language
312:Old Church Slavonic
290:in a still unified
284:Cyril and Methodius
278:. His grandfather,
260:Saint Stephen's Day
256:Good King Wenceslas
245:Boleslaus the Cruel
214:[ˈvaːtslaf]
150:St. Vitus Cathedral
4448:Christian monarchs
4015:Twelve-dish supper
3865:Jews and Christmas
3815:Christmas Lectures
3544:American Civil War
3279:NORAD Tracks Santa
2655:Saint Nicholas Day
2101:Svatopluk the Lion
1601:2014-11-29 at the
1564:2014-11-29 at the
1200:, 14 December 2007
970:In popular culture
930:
856:
818:A second enduring
808:
504:
418:After the fall of
413:
308:Ludmila of Bohemia
4398:Bohemian nobility
4370:
4369:
4346:
4345:
4010:Thirteen desserts
3930:Virginia O'Hanlon
3775:Advent Conspiracy
3689:Films (Christmas,
3681:A Christmas Carol
3626:Carols for Choirs
3169:Cavalcade of Magi
3149:Boar's Head Feast
2818:Star of Bethlehem
2789:Nativity of Jesus
2777:flight into Egypt
2662:St. Stephen's Day
2579:
2578:
2533:
2532:
2483:Habsburg-Lorraine
2477:
2476:
2392:
2391:
2358:
2357:
2326:
2325:
2287:
2286:
2242:
2241:
2201:
2200:
1881:
1880:
1872:Succeeded by
1838:Catholic Online:
1671:form of the name.
1669:Second Declension
1648:978-80-86864-86-0
1522:Chronica Boëmorum
1409:), the anonymous
1176:Czech News Agency
957:Wenceslaus Square
872:
688:
687:
616:Venerated in
523:Chronica Boëmorum
405:
404:
397:
276:Přemyslid dynasty
199:
198:
78:13 February 921 −
16:(Redirected from
4505:
4498:Medieval legends
4488:Dukes of Bohemia
4362:
4358:
4357:
4193:Redcurrant sauce
3982:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3945:Winter festivals
3695:Christmas horror
3662:
3573:
3404:
3259:Meals and feasts
3179:Christmas jumper
3126:
3097:Santa's reindeer
3049:
2995:Father Christmas
2959:
2916:Santa's workshop
2837:
2799:in later culture
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2615:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2583:
2582:
2557:Elector Palatine
2488:
2487:
2403:
2402:
2369:
2368:
2335:
2334:
2314:
2298:
2297:
2253:
2252:
2219:
2218:
2209:
2152:Henry Bretislaus
2030:Saint Wenceslaus
2007:
1931:
1930:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1855:Preceded by
1852:
1851:
1818:
1807:
1801:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1759:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1678:
1672:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1614:
1608:
1592:
1586:
1577:
1571:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1534:
1528:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1422:(in Latin), the
1420:
1399:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1361:
1352:(351): 759–776.
1337:
1331:
1322:
1316:
1304:
1295:
1290:, Kamil Krofta,
1285:
1279:
1263:
1257:
1248:
1237:
1228:
1222:
1215:
1202:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
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1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1095:
1079:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1023:
996:Jonathan Brandis
907:John Mason Neale
874:
873:
853:
727:Cosmas of Prague
712:High Middle Ages
635:
606:28 September 935
568:
548:
547:
519:Cosmas of Prague
436:Henry the Fowler
400:
393:
389:
386:
380:
357:
349:
233:was the Prince (
224:
223:
222:
216:
132:28 September 929
128:28 September 935
56:
44:
43:
21:
18:Saint Wenceslaus
4513:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4360:
4342:
4308:Pickled herring
4281:
4250:
4197:
4188:Cranberry sauce
4171:
4150:
4126:Red velvet cake
4111:Poppy seed roll
4029:
3980:
3969:
3967:
3961:
3940:White Christmas
3830:Christmas truce
3825:Christmas seals
3805:Christmas creep
3767:
3765:
3759:
3660:
3654:
3571:
3565:
3402:
3396:
3249:Lord of Misrule
3184:Christmas Peace
3134:Advent calendar
3124:
3118:
3067:Knecht Ruprecht
3047:
3045:
3039:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2752:Herod the Great
2687:
2681:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2580:
2575:
2529:
2491:1780–1918
2473:
2406:1526–1780
2388:
2372:1471–1526
2354:
2338:1457–1471
2322:
2312:
2301:1437–1457
2283:
2256:1310–1437
2238:
2222:1306–1310
2210:
2197:
2161:
2000:
1920:
1911:
1877:
1868:
1865:Duke of Bohemia
1860:
1826:
1821:
1808:
1804:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1765:. Prague Castle
1761:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1745:
1710:
1706:
1693:(22): 120–130.
1679:
1675:
1666:Mediaeval Latin
1660:
1656:
1649:
1635:
1631:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1603:Wayback Machine
1593:
1589:
1578:
1574:
1566:Wayback Machine
1556:
1552:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1519:
1515:
1506:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1461:
1457:
1446:
1414:
1400:
1396:
1388:Describing the
1387:
1383:
1338:
1334:
1323:
1319:
1305:
1298:
1286:
1282:
1264:
1260:
1249:
1240:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1205:
1194:
1190:
1181:
1179:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1004:Stefanie Powers
972:
895:
894:
886:
884:
883:
882:
881:
879:U. S. Army Band
875:
867:
864:
857:
851:
846:
796:
765:Nazi occupation
714:concept of the
630:
620:Catholic Church
607:
591:
575:
559:
556:
555:
546:
496:
401:
390:
384:
381:
370:
358:
347:
268:
258:", a carol for
231:Václav the Good
218:
217:
153:
135:
133:
131:
130:(aged c. 28) or
129:
113:
79:
69:Duke of Bohemia
63:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4511:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4473:Czech folklore
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4453:Czech nobility
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4239:Smoking Bishop
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3973:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3927:
3922:
3920:Super Saturday
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3850:Giving Tuesday
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3800:Christmas club
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3698:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3677:
3666:
3664:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3647:Piae Cantiones
3643:
3636:
3629:
3619:
3613:Music charts (
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3577:
3575:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:Père Fouettard
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3048:Saint Nicholas
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
3000:Grandpa Indian
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2968:Saint Nicholas
2964:
2962:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2906:Old Man Winter
2903:
2898:
2893:
2891:Miner's figure
2888:
2883:
2878:
2876:Kallikantzaros
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2806:Nativity scene
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2691:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2641:Children's Day
2637:
2630:
2627:Blue Christmas
2622:
2619:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2566:Prince-elector
2563:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2542:Duke of Poland
2538:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2519:Francis Joseph
2516:
2511:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2463:Charles Albert
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:John the Blind
2259:
2257:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2193:Wenceslaus III
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2137:Conrad II Otto
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1870:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1840:St. Wenceslaus
1835:
1832:St. Wenceslaus
1825:
1824:External links
1822:
1820:
1819:
1802:
1775:
1754:
1743:
1724:(2): 179–210.
1704:
1673:
1654:
1647:
1629:
1609:
1587:
1572:
1550:
1529:
1520:Book I of the
1513:
1488:
1475:
1455:
1430:(d. 985), and
1412:Crescente fide
1394:
1381:
1332:
1317:
1296:
1280:
1258:
1255:, Vol. IX 1866
1238:
1223:
1203:
1188:
1159:
1135:
1114:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1071:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1015:
1012:
971:
968:
885:
876:
865:
860:
859:
858:
849:
848:
847:
845:
842:
837:Charles Bridge
828:Czech Republic
795:
792:
778:, whereas the
776:Stará Boleslav
686:
685:
683:Czech Republic
672:
666:
665:
659:
653:
652:
649:
643:
642:
636:
627:
626:
617:
613:
612:
609:Stará Boleslav
604:
600:
599:
588:
584:
583:
577:
576:
569:
561:
560:
557:
551:
545:
542:
512:Stará Boleslav
495:
492:
440:Polabian Slavs
403:
402:
361:
359:
352:
346:
343:
298:. His mother,
267:
264:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
155:
154:
147:
145:
141:
140:
137:Stará Boleslav
126:
122:
121:
110:
106:
105:
102:
101:
96:
92:
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1540:. Kresadlo.cz
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1503:on 2013-11-09
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1099:"Wenceslas I"
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494:Assassination
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480:Prague Castle
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463:East Frankish
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432:East Frankish
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420:Great Moravia
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362:This section
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55:
50:
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40:
33:
19:
4298:Gefilte fish
4246:Ponche crema
4081:Melomakarono
3949:
3840:Cyber Monday
3745:
3710:
3679:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3621:Music books
3614:
3452:Nazi Germany
3344:
3340:Secret Santa
3327:
3214:Flying Santa
2935:
2921:Tió de Nadal
2871:Korvatunturi
2722:Annunciation
2688:Christianity
2669:Sol Invictus
2433:Ferdinand II
2364:Jagiellonian
2331:Non-dynastic
2215:Non-dynastic
2178:Wenceslaus I
2127:Sobeslaus II
2106:Vladislaus I
2075:Spytihněv II
2070:Bretislaus I
2040:Boleslaus II
2029:
2025:Vratislaus I
1863:
1839:
1831:
1810:
1805:
1786:
1778:
1767:. Retrieved
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1557:
1553:
1542:. Retrieved
1532:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:the original
1491:
1480:. Retrieved
1465:
1458:
1435:
1434:(in Latin) (
1431:
1423:
1410:
1402:
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1384:
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1197:
1191:
1180:. Retrieved
1178:. 2014-05-18
1171:
1162:
1151:. Retrieved
1127:. Retrieved
1117:
1106:. Retrieved
1093:
1074:
1065:
1010:as Ludmila.
991:
989:
982:
976:
973:
965:
950:
934:Hussite Wars
931:
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817:
813:
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804:Miloslav Vlk
772:September 28
769:
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747:
743:Pope Pius II
740:
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689:
651:28 September
538:
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472:
456:
417:
414:
391:
382:
371:Please help
366:verification
363:
339:
328:Castle near
323:
296:Great Schism
272:Vratislaus I
269:
249:
234:
230:
226:
202:Wenceslaus I
201:
200:
174:Vratislaus I
134:(aged c. 22)
89:Vratislaus I
47:Wenceslaus I
4388:900s births
4313:Roast goose
4234:Mulled wine
4214:Champurrado
4209:Apple cider
4183:Bread sauce
4136:Szaloncukor
4116:Pumpkin pie
4066:Gingerbread
4020:Smörgåsbord
3661:Other media
3499:Philippines
3489:New Zealand
3372:Twelve Days
3329:Räuchermann
3284:Nutcrackers
3234:Las Posadas
3194:Decorations
3174:Christingle
3114:Zwarte Piet
3109:Snegurochka
3030:Sinterklaas
2980:Santa Claus
2514:Ferdinand V
2428:Matthias II
2413:Ferdinand I
2313:Interregnum
2111:Sobeslaus I
2035:Boleslaus I
2020:Spytihněv I
1858:Vratislav I
1662:Wencesla-us
1447: [
1415: [
1390:Codex Gigas
292:Christendom
252:Czech state
227:Wenceslas I
99:Boleslaus I
85:Predecessor
4393:935 deaths
4377:Categories
4041:Candy cane
3990:Joulupöytä
3890:Pikkujoulu
3554:New Mexico
3403:By country
3377:Wassailing
3318:Poinsettia
3125:Traditions
3077:Mrs. Claus
3057:Belsnickel
3010:Julemanden
3005:Joulupukki
2936:Wenceslaus
2901:North Pole
2866:Jack Frost
2856:Christkind
2811:Neapolitan
2634:Boxing Day
2508:Francis II
2503:Leopold II
2458:Charles II
2423:Rudolph II
2418:Maximilian
2350:Matthias I
2268:Charles IV
2248:Luxembourg
2183:Ottokar II
2096:Bořivoj II
1875:Boleslav I
1783:Ogden Nash
1769:2015-01-30
1596:March 4/17
1544:2013-11-20
1507:2013-11-20
1482:2013-11-20
1476:0812236130
1440:Strachkvas
1182:2022-05-11
1153:2022-05-11
1129:2022-05-11
1108:2022-05-11
1086:References
1000:Leo McKern
984:Ogden Nash
946:Charles IV
890:media help
716:rex justus
657:Attributes
544:Veneration
527:Strachkvas
452:Regensburg
385:April 2013
4328:Tourtière
4318:Romeritos
4255:Dumplings
4202:Beverages
4106:Pecan pie
4096:Panettone
4091:Pampushka
4086:Mince pie
4061:Fruitcake
4005:Réveillon
3885:NFL games
3880:NBA games
3875:In August
3845:Economics
3615:Billboard
3469:Indonesia
3412:Australia
3387:Yule goat
3362:Stockings
3296:Ornaments
3025:Père Noël
3020:Olentzero
3015:Noel Baba
2990:Ded Moroz
2946:Yule Lads
2886:Mari Lwyd
2737:Bethlehem
2614:Christmas
2559:from the
2544:from the
2524:Charles I
2498:Joseph II
2448:Leopold I
2438:Frederick
2279:Sigismund
2234:Rudolph I
2173:Ottokar I
2147:Ottokar I
2132:Frederick
2122:Frederick
2015:Bořivoj I
1986:Křesomysl
1934:Legendary
1926:Přemyslid
1738:165576967
1376:164175193
1368:0003-598X
1346:Antiquity
1327:The Mitre
1217:Mershman,
938:Jan Žižka
802:Cardinal
794:In legend
670:Patronage
611:, Bohemia
521:, in his
476:St. Vitus
300:Drahomíra
266:Biography
184:Drahomíra
164:Přemyslid
152:in Prague
139:, Bohemia
95:Successor
4361:Category
4332:meat pie
4323:Stuffing
4277:Varenyky
4146:Yule log
4121:Qurabiya
3995:Julebord
3968:Food and
3895:SantaCon
3860:El Gordo
3747:Yule Log
3519:Scotland
3432:Ethiopia
3417:Colombia
3392:Yule log
3346:Spanbaum
3323:Pyramids
3189:Crackers
3087:Sack Man
2973:folklore
2941:Yule cat
2846:Badalisc
2836:folklore
2747:Epiphany
2553:Antiking
2453:Joseph I
2398:Habsburg
2293:Habsburg
2086:Conrad I
2050:Vladivoj
1996:Hostivít
1966:Nezamysl
1914:Monarchs
1869:921–935
1599:Archived
1562:Archived
1526:op. cit.
1172:Deník.cz
1014:See also
641:, Prague
454:in 921.
444:Bavarian
190:Religion
4267:Pierogi
4262:Hallaca
4167:Borscht
4131:Stollen
4101:Pavlova
4076:Makówki
4056:Cozonac
4025:Wigilia
3910:Scrooge
3870:In July
3768:society
3700:Poetry
3534:Ukraine
3509:Romania
3474:Ireland
3464:Iceland
3459:Hungary
3447:Germany
3437:Finland
3427:England
3422:Denmark
3382:Windows
3313:Piñatas
3301:Parades
3254:Markets
3239:Letters
3229:Hampers
3072:Krampus
2911:Perchta
2851:Caganer
2570:Bavaria
2065:Oldřich
2060:Jaromír
1981:Vnislav
1961:Valasca
1918:Bohemia
1799:1211904
1793:, 1957
1699:4202365
1664:is the
942:Jan Hus
784:4 March
735:Passion
720:monarch
704:England
702:and in
700:Bohemia
679:Bohemia
597:Bohemia
534:Podevin
424:Magyars
304:Havelli
241:Bohemia
119:Bohemia
115:Stochov
4338:Turkey
4272:Tamale
4229:Kissel
4219:Eggnog
4176:Sauces
4162:Menudo
4141:Turrón
4051:Cookie
4034:Sweets
4000:Kūčios
3981:Dinner
3855:Grinch
3766:modern
3733:Tomten
3692:Santa,
3675:novels
3593:Operas
3581:Carols
3549:Hawaii
3529:Sweden
3524:Serbia
3514:Russia
3504:Poland
3494:Norway
3484:Mexico
3442:France
3357:Stamps
3352:Szopka
3244:Lights
3199:Didukh
3035:Others
2985:Befana
2931:Vertep
2794:in art
2762:Joseph
2712:Advent
2345:George
2308:Albert
1991:Neklan
1951:Libuše
1797:
1736:
1697:
1645:
1473:
1428:Mantua
1374:
1366:
1312:
1275:
1006:, and
961:Prague
844:Legacy
832:Prague
824:Blaník
820:legend
750:Otto I
692:martyr
675:Prague
633:shrine
631:Major
593:Prague
590:c. 907
581:Martyr
484:Prague
459:Prague
448:Arnulf
330:Beroun
210:Václav
180:Mother
170:Father
144:Burial
112:c. 907
4071:Kutia
3970:drink
3598:Songs
3572:Music
3479:Italy
3335:Seals
3289:dolls
3219:Gifts
3159:Cards
3062:Elves
2926:Turoń
2896:Nisse
2861:Grýla
2757:Jesus
2526:(III)
2465:(II)
2384:Louis
1976:Vojen
1971:Mnata
1941:Czech
1734:S2CID
1695:JSTOR
1451:]
1438:) by
1419:]
1372:S2CID
1057:Notes
912:carol
696:saint
662:Crown
647:Feast
553:Saint
465:king
446:duke
434:king
428:Saxon
345:Reign
326:Tetín
319:Budeč
239:) of
236:kníže
206:Czech
159:House
75:Reign
4293:Carp
4155:Soup
4046:Cake
3957:Xmas
3586:list
3367:Tree
3306:list
2767:Mary
2676:Yule
1946:Krok
1816:IMDb
1795:OCLC
1643:ISBN
1471:ISBN
1405:(in
1401:The
1364:ISSN
1310:ISBN
1273:ISBN
757:hymn
755:The
694:and
622:and
603:Died
587:Born
430:and
125:Died
109:Born
60:Emma
4303:Ham
2833:In
2568:of
2510:(I)
2270:(I)
2118:(I)
2082:(I)
1916:of
1814:at
1726:doi
1354:doi
959:in
951:An
510:in
482:in
478:at
375:by
286:to
229:or
4379::
3936:")
3932:("
3764:In
2686:In
2006:c.
1789:,
1785:,
1732:.
1722:52
1720:.
1716:.
1689:.
1685:.
1620:.
1449:cs
1417:cs
1370:.
1362:.
1350:90
1348:.
1344:.
1299:^
1241:^
1206:^
1170:.
1138:^
1101:.
1002:,
745:.
681:,
677:,
595:,
490:.
321:.
262:.
247:.
208::
117:,
4334:)
4330:(
3735:"
3731:"
3728:"
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3697:)
3617:)
2605:e
2598:t
2591:v
1906:e
1899:t
1892:v
1772:.
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1728::
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