SNC-Lavalin affair

1082:. At a press conference, Trudeau said that trust between the two women and the rest of the Liberal caucus had been broken, calling Wilson-Raybould's recording "unconscionable". He also talked about the danger of "civil wars within parties", saying "Our political opponents win when Liberals are divided. We can't afford to make that mistake. Canadians are counting on us." After she was informed of the decision, Wilson-Raybould stated she has no regrets, and did what she thought "needed to be done based on principles and values that must always transcend party". On the same day, Philpott said she was "stunned" at having been expelled without being given a chance to speak to the national caucus, and that the attacks on her and Wilson Raybould had been based on "inaccuracies and falsehoods". 968:

March, a presentation was obtained by The Canadian Press press agency which described SNC-Lavalin's "Plan B" if they could not secure a remediation agreement. The plan, provided to Public Prosecution Service of Canada last fall, included moving its Montreal headquarters to the United States within a year, reducing its workforce, and eventually winding down Canadian operations. A spokesperson for the company confirmed its authenticity, calling it a "confidential document" and maintaining that a DPA is "the best way to protect and grow the almost 9,000 direct Canadian SNC-Lavalin jobs, as well as thousands of indirect jobs".

1067:, calling it "about as low as you can go". Prime Minister Trudeau did not state a position on the vote, saying, "As for what Dr. Philpott and Ms. Wilson-Raybould intend to do as next steps, people are going to have to ask them". The day the vote was scheduled to proceed, Wilson-Raybould wrote a letter to the caucus arguing that she should remain a member, saying "Ultimately the choice that is before you is about what kind of party you want to be a part of, what values it will uphold, the vision that animates it, and indeed the type of people it will attract and make it up." Ultimately, no recorded caucus vote was held. 787:

committee chair, the Liberal members stated that "No witness was prevented from providing evidence on any relevant information during the period covered by the waiver", and concluded that "Canadians can judge for themselves the facts, the perspectives and relevant legal principles". In total, the Justice Committee held eleven meetings over five weeks, accumulating thirteen hours of testimony from ten different witnesses. The committee did not hear from some individuals implicated in the controversy by Wilson-Raybould, including Katie Telford (Trudeau's chief of staff) and senior staffers

738:

shuffle". Butts said that any conversations between Wilson-Raybould and officials in the PMO were intended only to ensure that she understood the full potential impact of a criminal conviction of SNC-Lavalin and that at no time did anyone in the PMO attempt to influence Wilson-Raybould's decision. "It was not about second-guessing the decision. It was about ensuring that the attorney general was making her decision with the absolute best evidence possible", Butts testified. Butts also testified that he believed a period of twelve days was too compressed for such an important decision.

804:

that the request was inappropriate political interference in the justice system and that she was not comfortable having the conversation. The recording was accompanied by a submission of forty pages supplementing her original testimony, including copies of texts and emails, outlining Wilson-Raybould's view of events and their implications for prosecutorial independence. In her submission, she also explained that her decision to resign from the cabinet was prompted by Trudeau's suggestion the day earlier that "her continued presence in his cabinet speaks for itself".

569: 494: 187: 979:

both listing former SLCI vice-president and president Riadh Ben Aissa as the sole beneficial owner. In return for the payments, Al-Saadi Gaddafi applied his influence to secure construction contracts for SNC-Lavalin Construction. Payments of personal benefits totalling over $ 73.5 million were also made through the representative companies to Ben Aissa and Sami Bebawi, former president of SLCI. As part of its plea agreement with the Public Prosecution Service, SLCI was fined $ 280 million.

508:, opposition party politicians and the media questioned whether the reason for Wilson-Raybould's removal was her refusal to prevent criminal prosecution of SNC-Lavalin. Trudeau denied the allegations, telling reporters, "The allegations reported in the story are false." He stated, "At no time did I or my office direct the current or previous attorney-general to make any particular decision in this matter." Wilson-Raybould's replacement as Minister of Justice and Attorney General, 583:, the retired Supreme Court of Canada Justice, and was getting advice on what she was legally allowed to discuss publicly. Trudeau said he was "puzzled and obviously disappointed" by the resignation, telling reporters that "if anyone, particularly the attorney-general, felt that we were not doing our job responsibly and according to all the rules as a government, it was her responsibility to come forward to me this past fall and highlight that directly to me. She did not." 1035:, resigned from her post in Trudeau's cabinet on 4 March in solidarity with Wilson-Raybould. In her statement she said that she had "lost confidence in how the government has dealt with this matter and in how it has responded to the issues raised". Philpott was considered to be one of Trudeau's most trusted ministers. Philpott, then the health minister, had worked together with Wilson-Raybould on the assisted-dying legislation passed in 2016. 716: 695:

believe what transpired was illegal. When asked why she did not resign from her position during the time she said improper pressure was being applied, Wilson-Raybould said: "I was, in my opinion, doing my job as the attorney general. I was protecting a fundamental constitutional principle of prosecutorial independence and the independence of our judiciary. That's the job of the attorney general."

1091:

The day after the expulsions, about fifty young women in the House of Commons as part of a delegation of Daughters of the Vote, a youth leadership event, turned their backs on Trudeau in protest during his speech to the delegation. The now independent MPs experienced social shunning from many of their former Liberal colleagues, which began to form when they resigned from the cabinet.

829:

interests of the company, rather than public interests. Dion concluded that Wilson-Raybould had resisted the improper pressure put upon her and he did not find any political interference in the prosecution. He noted that he did not have complete information about the case as the Privy Council would not release nine witnesses that claimed to have information about the case.

911:, the Conservatives and NDP, Mario Dion, the Parliament of Canada's Ethics Commissioner, launched a federal investigation into the alleged interference. The scope of the ethics review is to look into any possible contravention of rules prohibiting public office holders from using their position to influence decisions that could further another person's private interest. 975:, which threatened a libel suit regarding statements Scheer made on 29 March that accused Trudeau of political interference, lying to Canadians, and corrupt conduct. Scheer stood by his comments, describing the letter as an "intimidation tactic" and saying, "If Mr. Trudeau believes he has a case against me, I urge him to follow through on his threat immediately." 867:

office acted improperly. On the day the report was released, Wilson-Raybould told a reporter she had not been contacted by the RCMP. The following day, she clarified that while she had not been contacted by the RCMP since the release of the Ethics Commissioner's report, she had been contacted by the police force concerning the affair earlier in the spring.

353:(DPA). Through a DPA, sentencing and remediation agreements are negotiated, under the supervision of a judge, between federal prosecuting authorities and a corporation charged with an offence, usually in the context of fraud or corruption. Following approval and successful completion of the terms of the agreement, a company may apply for a judicial 999:. The report suggests the Prime Minister could have had reasons unrelated to the SNC-Lavalin affair for moving Wilson-Raybould out of the Justice portfolio. Wilson-Raybould denied there was any conflict with Trudeau over the Supreme Court recommendation. Trudeau and Wilson-Raybould both condemned the leaks and denied that they were the source. 439:, as an agency independent of the Department of Justice. Under the Act, the DPP is responsible for all federal criminal prosecutions. However, the Attorney General can issue a directive to the DPP regarding an ongoing prosecution or take control of a prosecution. Such directives must be provided in writing and published as a notice in the 535:, Dion said he had "reason to believe that a possible contravention of section 9 may have occurred". That section bars public officials from attempting to influence decisions which could "improperly further another person's private interests". However, the NDP MPs had not filed a complaint about a violation of section 9, only 417:, the Supreme Court held, "It is a constitutional principle that the Attorneys General of this country must act independently of partisan concerns when exercising their delegated sovereign authority to initiate, continue or terminate prosecutions." The role of the Attorney General of Canada is bound by the so-called " 887:, have disputed Trudeau's jobs claims, saying that even if SNC-Lavalin was banned from bidding on federal contracts it would be able to continue to bid on provincial and municipal projects and other companies winning federal contracts would employ Canadian workers. Michel Nadeau, former deputy chief of 1038:

Michael Wernick announced on 18 March that he would be retiring ahead of schedule from his position as the Clerk of the Privy Council and Secretary to Cabinet "due to recent events", namely the erosion of trust and being seen as partisan; which would affect the civil service as a whole and cast doubt

862:

The Ethics Commissioner does not have the jurisdiction to impose sanctions for such a violation. Responding to the report, Trudeau said he accepted it and took responsibility but disagreed with its findings. Scheer renewed his calls for a RCMP investigation, while May and Singh reiterated their calls

841:

called for in its February 8 complaint. However, some legal analysts, such as Errol Mendes, professor of constitutional law at the University of Ottawa, veteran attorney David Hamer, and Kenneth Jull, adjunct law professor at the University of Toronto and advisor at Toronto business law firm Gardiner

425:

in 1951. The principle (or doctrine) states that the Attorney General must take into account matters of public interest, that assistance from cabinet colleagues must be limited to advice, that responsibility for the decision is that of the Attorney General alone, and that the government is not to put

139:

instead of continuing with a criminal prosecution. Butts and Wernick testified that they had contacted Wilson-Raybould to find a "political solution" after the decision not to offer SNC-Lavalin a DPA was made. Controversially, Wilson-Raybould revealed that she had secretly recorded a conversation she

1047:

On 29 March, CBC published an article saying that the Liberal caucus in the House of Commons was planning to vote on expelling Wilson-Raybould and Philpott. Caucus members said they did not think Wilson-Raybould and Philpott could remain party members, "given the damage done to the government by the

978:

On 18 December 2019, SNC-Lavalin Construction Inc. pleaded guilty to fraud contrary to section 380(1) a) of the Criminal Code. The company stated that, between 2001 and 2011, over $ 47.5 million in bribes had been paid to Al-Saadi Gaddafi. The money was directed through two representative companies,

959:

to launch its own investigation into the affair, and called for Wilson-Raybould to testify at the committee by no later than 27 March. This motion was defeated on 26 March by the Liberal majority on the committee. The Conservative Party protested the decision of the Justice Committee to conclude its

828:

by improperly pressuring Wilson-Raybould. The report details lobbying efforts by SNC-Lavalin to influence prosecution since at least February 2016, including the lobbying efforts to enact DPA legislation. The report analyses SNC-Lavalin's interests and finds that the lobbying effort advanced private

803:

On 29 March, the Justice Committee released a recording, made secretly by Wilson-Raybould, of the telephone call between her and Wernick that took place on 19 December 2018. In it, Wernick told Wilson-Raybould that Trudeau wanted a DPA for SNC-Lavalin "one way or another". Wilson-Raybould responded

332:

to compel the Public Prosecution Service to offer it a DPA. In a decision issued on 8 March 2019, the court analysed DPA legislation and affirmed that a decision not to offer a DPA is within the discretion of the prosecutor. As part of the ruling, the court reaffirmed the principle of prosecutorial

213:

took to Canada in 2008—totalling $ 1.9 million—which SNC-Lavalin paid for. The board issued Stéphane Roy, the company's financial controller, a "serious warning" for the size of the Gaddafi bill. The board had also expressed concerns about the amounts of cash kept by SNC's Libyan office—at that time

951:

would serve as a Special Advisor to examine whether a single minister should continue to hold the positions of Minister of Justice and Attorney General. The advisor would also analyze the current roles, policies, and practices of government officials who interact with the Attorney General. McLellan

866:

After the report was made public, Wilson-Raybould released a statement saying it is a vindication of her positions on prosecutorial independence and the role of Attorney General. She stated that the report confirms that she acted appropriately at all times and that the staff of the Prime Minister's

849:

challenging the Ethics Commissioner's report for failing to find Gerald Butts and other staff of the Prime Minister's Office, then-Privy Council Clerk Michael Wernick, then-Finance Minister Bill Morneau and his staff, guilty of violating the Conflict of Interest Act, given they had all participated

760:

Following Butts' testimony, Trudeau gave a press conference in Ottawa on 7 March. He again denied all allegations of inappropriate or illegal pressure, and said that an "erosion of trust" and "breakdown in communications" had developed between him, his staff and the former Attorney General. Trudeau

737:

During his testimony, Butts said that he did not want to discredit Wilson-Raybould's testimony, but wanted to offer his own "different version of events". He stated he believed that "nothing inappropriate occurred" and that "nothing inappropriate was alleged to have occurred until after the cabinet

476:

The article stated that after charges were brought against SNC-Lavalin in October 2017, the company approached officials in Ottawa, including members of the Prime Minister's Office, to secure a DPA. A criminal verdict against SNC-Lavalin would lead to the company being barred from federal contracts

324:

On 9 October 2018, SNC-Lavalin received a letter from the DPP, informing the company that a decision had been made to not invite the company to negotiate a DPA. The reasons cited in the letter were the "nature and gravity" of the case, "degree of involvement of senior officers of the organization",

1090:

said that Wilson-Raybould tried to "put integrity and what's right for Canadians over what helps the Liberals" and that she "deserved better". Green Party leader Elizabeth May said Wilson-Raybould had shown honour and integrity in her work, and that "the laws weren't broken because she held firm".

870:

On the same day as the commissioner's report, Anne McLellan's companion report on whether to separate the roles of Minister of Justice and Attorney General (MoJAG) was made public. It recommended keeping the position combined as it has been since Confederation. McLellan recommended various changes

741:

Butts further stated that no concerns were raised by Wilson-Raybould until after 12 January cabinet shuffle had occurred: "If this was wrong, and wrong in the way it is alleged to have been wrong, why are we having this discussion now and not in the middle of September, or October, or November, or

706:

Trudeau gave a short press conference in Montreal following the hearings on 27 February, denying the allegations. "I and my staff always acted appropriately and professionally", he said. "I completely disagree with the characterization of the former attorney general about these events ... The

622:

of the House of Commons voted down opposition parties' bids to hear from the former attorney general and key members of the Prime Minister's Office, stating that the role of the committee is "not an investigative body". Instead, it was proposed to study some of the legal issues at the heart of the

594:

Three days after the press conference where Trudeau said Wilson-Raybould had not talked to him about any concerns, on 15 February, Trudeau told reporters that Wilson-Raybould had come to him the previous fall to ask if he was directing her to make a particular decision on the file, but that he had

564:

In a press conference, the same day as the ethics investigation was announced, Trudeau said he had full confidence in Wilson-Raybould and that they had spoken the previous fall, when he told her directly that decisions regarding the DPP were hers alone. Trudeau also said he respected her view that

1116:

were told to not discuss matters regarding the scandal with police officials. While Scheer said the RCMP were investigating the Prime Minister's Office there was no evidence as of 10 September 2019 that the RCMP has begun an investigation into anyone in the PMO. Wilson-Raybould was interviewed by

943:

Working Group on Bribery, of which Canada is a member, wrote to the Canadian government outlining its concerns about potential political interference in the case, and saying that it would "closely monitor investigations into the SNC-Lavalin affair by the House of Commons justice committee and the

752:

Deputy Justice Minister Nathalie Drouin also testified at the hearing. When asked, Drouin stated that it was not for her to say if the time taken for the due diligence review was adequate or not, and that she was not part of the due diligence exercise carried out by Wilson-Raybould regarding this

168:

by improperly pressuring Wilson-Raybould. Dion wrote that while Wilson-Raybould was never officially directed to interfere, this influence was "tantamount to political direction". Dion did not find that any actual political interference in the prosecution occurred; however, he reported he did not

1111:

published a story claiming the Trudeau government was not co-operating with an RCMP inquiry into potential obstruction of justice. A waiver for confidentiality was not provided by the Clerk of the Privy Council nor did Trudeau override the Clerk which would allow RCMP access to both staffers and

786:

On 19 March 2019, the Justice Committee held an in-camera meeting where Liberal members introduced and passed a motion to end any further probe into the SNC-Lavalin scandal, indicating that they preferred to leave any remaining investigation to the ethics commissioner. In a written letter to the

702:

leaves in place various constraints that prevent her from speaking freely about matters that occurred after she left the post of Attorney General, communications while she was Minister of Veterans Affairs, her resignation from that post, and her presentation to Cabinet after her resignation. She

385:

amendments from the budget to be passed as a separate bill. Dusseault also said he thought the change was intended to be made quietly. A spokesman for then-Justice Minister Raybould said prosecutors would be responsible to decide whether a company is eligible for the agreements and negotiate the

316:

in May 2018 with making illegal donations to Canadian federal political parties. The charges, which were unrelated to the federal charges against the company, alleging that from 2004 to 2011, Morin orchestrated and solicited political donations from employees or their spouses to Canadian federal

967:

that the company was "fully reformed" and "does not understand why it was not given a deal". Bruce said that Canadians had appeared to have "given up" on SNC-Lavalin and that the general public does not understand the potential economic consequences of a ten-year ban on federal contracts. On 28

694:

Despite the attempts to convince her to reconsider her stance given the possible economic and political consequences, Wilson-Raybould said she was "undaunted in her position to not pursue a Deferred Prosecution Agreement". She maintains the belief that despite the pressure she felt, she did not

586:

In response to the developing events, the House of Commons Justice Committee met on 13 February to vote on hearing testimony from the PMO officials involved, as well as Wilson-Raybould herself. What would be the first of multiple hearings originally only had Lametti, Deputy Minister of Justice

268:

legislation passed in July 2015. The Integrity Regime is designed to exclude suppliers that have ethics-related criminal convictions, such as bribery, price fixing, or lobbying offences. If convicted, SNC-Lavalin could be banned from bidding on federal government contracts for up to ten years.

1194:

SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. today announced that it is rebranding to AtkinsRéalis. As of September 13, the Company's new brand and associated visual identity will be used on all communications materials. SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. will not change its legal name until the Company obtains shareholder

773:

blocked an effort by opposition party members to immediately invite Wilson-Raybould back to speak further about the government's effort to put pressure on her, despite the former justice minister's willingness to testify again. Instead, Liberal members voted to reconvene the Justice Committee

463:

reported on allegations made by unnamed sources that beginning in October 2018, the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) put pressure on then-Minister of Justice and Attorney General Jody Wilson-Raybould to intervene in ongoing criminal proceedings against SNC-Lavalin to offer the company a deferred

481:

was intended to help SNC-Lavalin avoid a criminal conviction. The Director of Public Prosecutions, Kathleen Roussel, had rejected the request for a DPA in October 2018. As Attorney General, Wilson-Raybould had the power to overrule that decision, and would have had to do so in writing in the

670:

For a period of approximately four months between September and December 2018, I experienced a consistent and sustained effort by many people within the government to seek to politically interfere in the exercise of prosecutorial discretion in my role as the Attorney General of Canada in an

756:

Drouin also said that at the end of October 2018, the Privy Council Office (PCO) asked her department for advice on the potential impact on SNC-Lavalin if a deferred prosecution agreement was not pursued. That advice was "not provided to PCO at the request of the minister's office".

150:

called for Trudeau's resignation. He further accused Trudeau of political interference, lying to Canadians, and corrupt conduct. Trudeau responded to those comments with a threat of a libel lawsuit through his lawyer. Opposition parties and former attorneys-general asked the

807:

The PMO responded that Wernick never briefed Trudeau on this conversation. Wernick said that he did not brief the Prime Minister on the call due to the Holiday season break, and that he did not discuss SNC again with the PMO until the story was leaked in early February.

1024:

Gerald Butts resigned as the Principal Secretary to Prime Minister Trudeau on 18 February 2019. When resigning, he denied that Wilson-Raybould had been pressured, saying that the accusation that he had pressured Wilson-Raybould was distracting from the work of the PMO.

486:. According to the article, sources claimed that Wilson-Raybould had refused to overrule Roussel's rejection because she trusted Roussel's judgment, and she wanted to avoid even the perception of political interference. The Prime Minister's office said in an email to 372:

he was concerned the change appeared to be designed to give corporations implicated in financial crimes "a little slap on the wrist", saying, "It seems we're letting those with the means have an easier time of it than those who don't have the means." According to

173:, there are no sanctions specified for the violation. After the commissioner's report was released, the Prime Minister released a statement both taking responsibility for and defending his actions. The opposition leaders have called for further investigations. 921:, called for an independent, RCMP-led investigation into the allegations, stating that the "Ethics Commissioner is not the right place to seek such an inquiry; neither is the justice committee". Following the Justice Committee hearings on 27 February, 1098:

Trudeau maintained his innocence in the matter and suggested that the severity of the issue had been overly exaggerated, stating that "the media and opposition were being distracted with this internal dispute that has been invented and amplified."

944:

federal ethics commissioner". The Working Group did clarify it had no reason to doubt the approach the Canadian government is taking, and noted Canada's willingness to keep it fully informed of the proceedings at its next meeting in June 2019.

565:

she could not comment due to privilege, adding, "I also highlight that we're bound by cabinet confidentiality. In our system of governance, her presence in cabinet should speak for itself." Wilson-Raybould resigned from Cabinet that evening.

761:

also confirmed that during a 17 September meeting he asked Wilson-Raybould to "revisit her decision" not to negotiate an out-of-court settlement with SNC-Lavalin, and asked his staff to follow up regarding Wilson-Raybould's final decision.

1085:

The decision was condemned by all opposition parties, with Conservative Party leader Andrew Scheer calling it a "betrayal of justice" and saying that people who blow the whistle on misconduct should be protected, not punished. NDP Leader

871:

and clarifications to protocols and communications, ask the Attorney General to explain decisions to direct or not direct prosecutions, explicitly note the independence of the Attorney General in law, educate parliamentarians, update the

846: 555:

citing Democracy Watch's complaint, alleging the violation of section 9, and requesting an investigation by the Ethics Commissioner (when an MP requests an investigation under the Act, the Ethics Commissioner is required to investigate).

3693: 543:

on 8 February. The Ethics Commissioner's investigation would continue to claim throughout the process that he had self-initiated his investigation, even though Green Party Leader and MP Elizabeth May filed a complaint in April and then

853:

An emergency meeting of the House of Commons Ethics Committee to discuss the report further was scheduled for 21 August 2019. A motion by the Opposition to have Dion testify before the Committee was defeated 5-4, with only Liberal MP

284:

so that they could avoid criminal prosecution. The effort lasted twenty months, and involved fifty-one meetings with government officials and MPs, as well as officials in the opposition party leaders' offices and in the newly elected

2474: 5603: 956: 472:

Ministry in a Cabinet shuffle on 14 January 2019. The move was widely seen as a demotion, and there was speculation at the time about the reason for it. At the time, both Trudeau and Wilson-Raybould denied she had been demoted.

2645: 595:

told her the decision was her own. During the same press conference, he denied again that Wilson-Raybould's removal from the Attorney General position was due to her refusal to drop prosecution of SNC-Lavalin, saying, "If

408:

held that, "The independence of the Attorney General is so fundamental to the integrity and efficiency of the criminal justice system that it is constitutionally entrenched. The principle of independence requires that the

257:. They also allege that at the same time, the company defrauded Libyan organizations of CA$ 130 million. On the same day, SNC-Lavalin announced that they were contesting the charges and planned to enter a non-guilty plea. 3177: 878:

Subsequent to the release of the report, Trudeau addressed the claims, saying that he took “full responsibility” for how the case was handled, but would not apologize for protecting Canadian jobs. Ian Lee, professor at

858:

breaking with the Liberal majority on the committee. An additional motion by the NDP to have Trudeau himself testify, along with Finance Minister Bill Morneau and his former chief of staff Ben Chin, was also defeated.

817: 748:

At the hearing, Wernick testified for a second time, and stated that the decision to consider a DPA is never final, and that he was only reminding Wilson-Raybould to take public interest considerations into account.

540: 863:

for an inquiry. A RCMP spokesperson declined to confirm or deny whether an investigation is underway, saying that the police force is carefully reviewing the facts and will take "appropriate actions as required".

832:

The report's analysis section discusses the topics of prosecutorial independence and Shawcross doctrine (dual role of Attorney General) to draw the conclusion that the influence was improper and a violation of the

4298: 730:

On 6 March 2019, the Justice Committee held a hearing on the claims, at which Butts testified. Butts, who had been implicated in the affair by Wilson-Raybould at the previous hearing, served as the

516:

that the Prime Minister's office had not given directives to or put pressure on either of them. Wilson-Raybould would not comment on the article, saying she was bound by solicitor-client privilege.

606:

agency that Wilson-Raybould "had become a thorn in the side of the cabinet, someone insiders say was difficult to get along with, known to berate fellow cabinet ministers openly at the table". The

619: 214:

approximately $ 10 million—according to the company's chief financial officer. In May 2009, the board ordered that no more than $ 1 million in cash should be kept in the company's safe in Libya.

124: 3600: 3667: 1006:

launched an investigation into the leak of confidential information on 4 April, after receiving a request from opposition parties. The investigation will include organizations covered by the

429:

In practice, prosecutorial independence is enforced by maintaining an independent office responsible for prosecutions. Until 2006, Canada's Federal Prosecution Service was located within the

1897: 5177: 5563: 5762: 2918: 103:. Four days later, Ethics Commissioner Dion announced he would investigate the allegations. Wilson-Raybould resigned from cabinet later that day. This was followed by the resignation of 225:(PPSC) laid charges against SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. and two of its subsidiaries: SNC-Lavalin International Inc. and SNC-Lavalin Construction Inc. Each firm was charged with one count of 2327: 5067: 2653: 987:

On 25 March 2019, CTV News reported that there was a conflict between Wilson-Raybould and Trudeau in 2017 when Trudeau disagreed with a recommendation by Wilson-Raybould to appoint

433:, making it vulnerable to political interference by the Prime Minister or Cabinet. The Public Prosecution Service of Canada was established in 2006, following the enactment of the 4164: 2530: 4272: 1334: 3863: 4191: 290: 2807: 753:

case. Drouin also replied that "It's the responsibility of a prosecutor to assess and reassess ... in light of new facts and evidence put in front of the prosecutor."

317:

political parties anonymously on behalf of SNC-Lavalin, to be reimbursed afterwards. The amounts paid included about CA$ 110,000 to the Liberal Party and CA$ 8,000 to the

135:

testified before the committee. Wilson-Raybould said there was a breach of prosecutorial independence when members of the government pressured her to offer SNC-Lavalin a

4789: 1049: 4540: 1070:

Trudeau expelled Wilson-Raybould and Philpott from the Liberal Caucus on 2 April 2019. He also removed Wilson-Raybould and Philpott as the Liberal party candidates for

1710: 2834: 3917: 745:

Liberal members of the committee defeated a motion to produce all government communications between Butts and other parties mentioned in the SNC-Lavalin affair.

579:

In her resignation letter released the following day on 12 February, Wilson-Raybould reaffirmed her commitment to serving in Parliament, saying she had retained

477:

for 10 years, and possibly result in its bankruptcy. According to the article, sources in the Liberal Party said Wilson-Raybould knew the DPA legislation in the

369: 2304: 675:

Wilson-Raybould provided details and dates of the meetings, and named eleven people involved with the alleged efforts to interfere, including Trudeau, Wernick,

490:

that it had not directed the attorney-general to draw any conclusions on the matter. Liberal MPs received internal messaging that the allegations were "false."

4930: 932:, calling for an investigation into Trudeau's actions in relation to the controversy. Five former attorneys-general called on the RCMP to investigate possible 3573: 1094:

In May 2019, Wilson-Raybould and Philpott announced their intentions to run as independent candidates for the 2019 federal election. In an interview with the

2112: 548: 4352: 4081: 2142: 1075: 5474: 2420: 5621: 3206: 2954: 321:. In November 2018, Morin pleaded guilty to two of the five charges, and was fined $ 2,000. The remaining three charges were dropped by the prosecution. 4630: 5604:"(Second) Statement by Michael Wernick, Clerk of the Privy Council and Secretary to the Cabinet, to the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights" 5446: 4137: 4054: 2059: 410: 265: 72: 3233: 795:

and New Democratic Party also maintain that Wilson-Raybould should have been called back to committee to respond to testimony from Wernick and Butts.

5363: 2669: 2500: 928:

called for Trudeau's resignation, saying that he had "lost the moral authority to govern". On 28 February, Scheer sent a letter to RCMP Commissioner

4325: 2723: 2170: 1296: 162:

After a six-month-long investigation, Ethics Commissioner Dion issued a report that concluded that Trudeau had contravened Section 9 of the federal

5919: 5769: 3370: 2407:

reported Thursday that Wilson-Raybould was demoted in a cabinet shuffle early last month because she wouldn't intervene in the case of SNC-Lavalin.

1905: 850:

in pressuring the Attorney General in the same way that Trudeau had. The case is expected to be heard by the Federal Court of Appeal by mid-2021.

305:(DPA) and changes to Ottawa's Integrity Regime to amend the 10-year contract ineligibility for suppliers with ethics-related criminal convictions. 3515: 3261: 1736: 5757: 5574: 4375: 4109: 971:

On 7 April 2019, Conservative leader Andrew Scheer made public a letter he had received on 31 March from Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's lawyer

2278: 1649: 4001: 3800: 888: 4487: 1871: 5419: 3031: 1928: 624: 3746: 1564: 5982: 922: 241: 144: 623:

matter, such as the Shawcross doctrine and deferred prosecution agreements. As a result, only current Justice Minister David Lametti,

3486: 2475:"Trudeau government facing calls for investigation into allegations former justice minister was pressed to drop SNC-Lavalin charges" 1510: 5662: 5337: 1538: 1136: 20: 4245: 3516:"Information for... Cont Contravention of section 9 of the Conflict of Interest Act found in report released by Commissioner Dion" 2978: 646:

In response to the claims, the Justice Committee held a series of three public hearings on the alleged interference. Wernick, the

2861: 607: 591:

as witnesses, as the Liberal majority on the committee blocked attempts by opposition party MPs to have Wilson-Raybould testify.

350: 302: 5612: 4299:"OECD announces it is monitoring SNC-Lavalin scandal, raising prospect Canada has violated international anti-bribery agreement" 3971: 527:

said he would open an investigation into the allegations of political interference by the PMO. In a letter to NDP ethics critic

3343: 1840: 1714: 1423: 1268: 261: 2547:

In the letter, Dion said he has "reason to believe that a possible contravention of section 9 (of the act) may have occurred."

6007: 5987: 5391: 4659: 3315: 2776: 2224: 1158: 364:

amendments in the budget legislation raised concerns from MPs from both the Liberal party and opposition parties. Liberal MP

298: 100: 57: 3090: 875:

and change the name of the Department of Justice to the Department of Justice and Office of the Attorney General of Canada.

599:

had not stepped down from cabinet, Jody Wilson-Raybould would still be minister of justice and attorney-general of Canada."

6052: 6037: 3833: 3546: 2696: 1968: 638:

debated a 28 February motion to launch its own study into the affair, but it was not endorsed by the majority of Senators.

222: 5237: 4984: 4957: 4403: 3288: 1039:

on his position should an opposition party form the next government. On 18 April, Wernick retired as Privy Council clerk.

5830: 5594: 5010: 4712: 3403:"Hon. Jody Wilson-Raybould, MP — Submission to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights" 2447: 647: 628: 435: 132: 333:

independence, and SNC-Lavalin's application to compel a DPA was rejected as having "no reasonable prospect of success".

309: 6022: 6002: 5310: 1596: 78:

to intervene in an ongoing criminal case against Quebec-based construction company SNC-Lavalin (subsequently rebranded

5533: 5094: 5037: 4899: 4735: 2749: 2592: 707:

decision around SNC-Lavalin was Ms. Wilson-Raybould's and hers alone. This decision is the attorney general's alone."

610:

argued that this was a "racist and sexist" attack on Wilson-Raybould, prompting Trudeau to apologize for the remarks.

301:(PMO). The company advocated for the rapid adoption of legislation to allow a new type of sentencing agreement called 5682: 5293: 3122: 2361: 5259: 3719: 4603: 5210: 4818: 2328:"SNC-Lavalin allegation raises thorny questions, like what role does the attorney general have in criminal cases?" 842:

Roberts, disagreed with Dion's interpretation and suggested that the report may have overreached in its findings.

816:

Mario Dion, the Parliament of Canada's Ethics Commissioner, began an investigation in February in response to the

650:, appeared before the committee. He disputed the allegations of undue pressure on Wilson-Raybould and stated that 545: 5502: 3890: 3864:"Trudeau says he accepts watchdog's SNC-Lavalin report and takes responsibility, but doesn't agree with findings" 2565: 2089: 2027: 1763: 1208: 1032: 4631:"Wilson-Raybould calls for investigation into confidentiality breaches in the Supreme Court appointment process" 4430: 3344:"PM wanted SNC-Lavalin deal 'one way or another', top bureaucrat told Wilson-Raybould in secretly recorded call" 5848: 5843: 5838: 4460: 3063: 1740: 1362: 1079: 1003: 430: 273: 136: 83: 5631:"Further submissions from the Hon. Jody Wilson-Raybould at the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights" 3944: 3459: 3091:"Gerald Butts' testimony on SNC-Lavalin: PM's ex-adviser has 'very different recollection' of crucial meeting" 6032: 6027: 6017: 5972: 5712: 5701: 5697: 4872: 3005: 1304: 1242:"What the SNC board may have known about the firm's dealings in Libya — like the office safe with $ 10M cash" 1126: 770: 218: 152: 778:

on 19 March to consider whether to invite Wilson-Raybould and other senior government officials to testify.

6042: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5655: 4736:"Jane Philpott resigns from cabinet, citing loss of 'confidence' over government's handling of SNC-Lavalin" 4249: 4223: 4027: 1450: 899:, welcomed Trudeau's statements saying it is important for the Prime Minister to protect well-paying jobs. 792: 731: 723: 688: 520: 318: 108: 95:

published an article uncovering the allegations on 7 February 2019, shortly after Wilson-Raybould had been

65: 3641: 2252: 6012: 5992: 5902: 5622:"Full Statement from the Hon. Jody Wilson-Raybould at the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights" 3234:"Liberal MPs block effort to immediately invite Wilson-Raybould to testify further on SNC-Lavalin affair" 2593:"Jody Wilson-Raybould resigns from cabinet amid SNC-Lavalin affair, Trudeau 'surprised and disappointed'" 1993: 1308: 1056: 884: 395: 4845: 4165:"Ethics commissioner launches investigation into political interference allegations in SNC-Lavalin case" 2566:"Trudeau says he has 'confidence' in Wilson-Raybould as ethics commissioner probes PMO over SNC-Lavalin" 2531:"Ethics commissioner launches investigation into political interference allegations in SNC-Lavalin case" 2448:"Trudeau says report his office pressed former justice minister to drop SNC-Lavalin prosecution 'false'" 1451:"SNC-Lavalin approached Quebec's justice minister about DPA as part of wider effort to lobby government" 1048:

SNC-Lavalin affair". Liberal MPs criticized Wilson-Raybould's release of the phone call recording, with

4573: 3523: 2777:"Liberals Thwart Bids To Bring Jody Wilson-Raybould, Top PMO Aides To Justice Committee On SNC-Lavalin" 2384: 513: 120: 5866: 4846:"Michael Wernick to step down as clerk of Privy Council, cites lack of 'mutual trust' with opposition" 2750:"Trudeau urged to condemn 'racist and sexist' attacks on Jody Wilson-Raybould amid SNC-Lavalin affair" 2253:"Wilson-Raybould moved to Veterans Affairs, Lametti named justice minister in Trudeau cabinet shuffle" 286: 205:'s Board of Directors became aware of financial irregularities concerning the company's activities in 4138:"Quebec premier backs Trudeau on trying to save jobs at SNC-Lavalin, but silent on the means PM took" 3123:"'I made no threats': Key moments from the Privy Council clerk's testimony on the SNC-Lavalin affair" 1335:"How Trudeau can easily help SNC-Lavalin (and other corporate wrongdoers) without corrupting justice" 1241: 1181: 312:(DPP) Kathleen Roussel, former SNC-Lavalin Executive Vice President Normand Morin was charged in the 5475:"RCMP interviews Jody Wilson-Raybould to discuss political interference in SNC criminal prosecution" 1483: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5685: 4219: 3668:"Mistakes, misinterpretations and irrelevant facts mar the ethics commissioner's report on Trudeau" 2919:"No 'inappropriate pressure' on Jody Wilson-Raybould in SNC-Lavalin affair, top civil servant says" 2808:"Commons set for all-night voting marathon as Conservatives push for more testimony on SNC-Lavalin" 908: 838: 821: 666:

and detailing the alleged political interference. In her prepared statement, Wilson-Raybould said:

580: 536: 164: 49: 5977: 5896: 5630: 4685: 3720:"Liberal MPs on ethics committee vote down opposition motion for Mario Dion to testify on Trudeau" 3402: 3262:"Scheer says Trudeau 'thumbing nose' at Canadians as Liberals vote to shut down SNC-Lavalin probe" 2955:"Read the full text of Jody Wilson-Raybould's statement to the House of Commons justice committee" 2646:"Statement from the Honourable Jody Wilson-Raybould, Member of Parliament for Vancouver Granville" 1622: 824:. On 14 August 2019, he released a report that concluded Trudeau had contravened section 9 of the 6047: 5741: 5691: 5648: 4819:"Privy Council Clerk Michael Wernick retiring amid questions over his role in SNC-Lavalin affair" 3834:"'I take responsibility,' says Trudeau in wake of damning report on SNC-Lavalin ethics violation" 3149: 996: 855: 469: 405: 112: 5503:"Scheer kicks off election campaign accusing Trudeau of lies, cover-up over SNC-Lavalin scandal" 5121: 5068:"Tuesday Night Massacre: Trudeau ejects Jody Wilson-Raybould, Jane Philpott from Liberal caucus" 4192:"Elizabeth May: We need an independent inquiry into the Jody Wilson-Raybould/SNC-Lavalin affair" 5997: 5721: 4873:"'I wish you well': Michael Wernick sends farewell letter as he retires as Privy Council clerk" 4541:"Relations between Trudeau, Wilson-Raybould began to fray over her Supreme Court pick: Sources" 3178:"Trudeau admits he asked Wilson-Raybould to 'revisit her decision' on SNC-Lavalin in September" 2385:"Wilson-Raybould says she can't comment on SNC-Lavalin case, citing solicitor-client privilege" 933: 400: 329: 231: 156: 3371:"SNC-Lavalin: Committee releases texts, secret recording of Wernick from Jody Wilson-Raybould" 19:

This article is about the Canadian political scandal. For the 1995 Indian energy scandal, see

5951: 5095:"'This isn't about a lack of loyalty': Jane Philpott addresses expulsion from Liberal caucus" 4513: 3487:"PM wasn't briefed on Wilson-Raybould's concerns due to holiday break, says Wernick's lawyer" 2835:"Senators challenged to prove their independence by inviting Jody Wilson-Raybould to testify" 2019: 1960: 918: 45: 5011:"Wilson-Raybould rejects criticisms she may have helped Conservatives win the next election" 4461:"SNC-Lavalin warned of U.S. move, slashing workforce if no remediation deal, documents show" 3064:"'Nothing inappropriate': Butts says SNC-Lavalin scandal blew up only after cabinet shuffle" 3032:"Full statement: 'I and my staff always acted appropriately' regarding SNC-Lavalin: Trudeau" 955:

Following 19 March Justice Committee meeting, opposition parties asked the House of Commons

3918:"Read Jody Wilson-Raybould's full statement on the ethics ruling on the SNC-Lavalin affair" 3774: 1400: 1370: 1008: 572: 446: 378: 374: 236: 75: 61: 4028:"Trudeau doubles down, refuses to apologize for SNC-Lavalin pressure after damning report" 1539:"Normand Morin, Former SNC-Lavalin Exec, Accused Of Illegal Donations To Liberals, Tories" 8: 3775:"Liberals strike down Angus's motion too. They won't hear from Trudeau, Morneau and Chin" 2697:"Commons justice committee to probe SNC-Lavalin affair — but Liberals limit witness list" 1071: 880: 703:

stated that she would be willing to testify further if released from those restrictions.

418: 357:

of criminal proceedings, and thereby avoid a criminal prosecution, trial, and penalties.

354: 4353:"Prime Minister announces former Deputy Prime Minister Anne McLellan as Special Advisor" 896: 5939: 5479: 5451: 5396: 5368: 4904: 4438: 3891:"RCMP looking at SNC-Lavalin affair 'carefully,' promise to take actions 'as required'" 3859: 3238: 2380: 2175: 2147: 2064: 1936: 1479: 1209:"RCMP looking at SNC-Lavalin affair 'carefully,' promise to take actions 'as required'" 992: 603: 459: 143:

Following the hearings, Wernick announced his early retirement from the Privy Council.

91: 3601:"Trudeau breached Conflict of Interest Act over SNC-Lavalin, says ethics commissioner" 3431: 5884: 5289: 4762: 4660:"Federal privacy watchdog to probe leak of confidential information on SCC candidate" 4604:"Trudeau rejected Wilson-Raybould's conservative pick for high court, CP sources say" 4431:"MPs continue voting marathon as Conservatives protest shutdown of SNC-Lavalin probe" 4273:"Five former attorneys-general ask RCMP to investigate alleged interference from PMO" 2357: 1659: 1392: 1154: 422: 96: 41: 5542: 5148: 2619: 2197: 493: 5945: 5878: 4931:"'I'm angry': Wilson-Raybould and Philpott don't belong in caucus, Liberal MPs say" 3574:"Ethics czar finds Trudeau broke Conflict of Interest Act over SNC-Lavalin scandal" 3207:"Trudeau blames 'erosion of trust' for SNC-Lavalin controversy, does not apologize" 1994:"Relationship between the Attorney General and the Director of Public Prosecutions" 1273: 699: 635: 294: 210: 159:. In April, Trudeau expelled Wilson-Raybould and Philpott from the Liberal caucus. 5178:"Canada's Trudeau expels two ex-ministers from ruling party in bid to end scandal" 1060: 4574:"Trudeau condemns leaks to media on judicial appointments, denies PMO was source" 1764:"Federal budget bill quietly proposes tool to ease penalties for corporate crime" 671:

inappropriate effort to secure a Deferred Prosecution Agreement with SNC-Lavalin.

588: 568: 552: 313: 254: 246: 128: 33: 4376:"Anne McLellan to advise on separating attorney general, justice minister roles" 3972:"The RCMP's chat with Jody Wilson-Raybould stirs echoes of painful Liberal past" 3522:. The Office of the Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner. Archived from 2113:"Wilson-Raybould couldn't hide her disappointment at move from justice minister" 1052: 79: 5890: 5872: 5858: 5671: 4330: 4196: 4055:"Why Trudeau's excuse that he's protecting SNC-Lavalin 'jobs' is total baloney" 4002:"Review of the Roles of the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada" 3605: 3460:"Michael Wernick never briefed Trudeau that he spoke with Wilson-Raybould: PMO" 2501:"Trudeau denies his office 'directed' Jody Wilson-Raybould to help SNC-Lavalin" 2421:"Jody Wilson-Raybould's silence over Trudeau's SNC-Lavalin woes speaks volumes" 1841:"The Attorney General and the Prosecution Function on the Twenty-First Century" 1339: 497: 441: 277: 53: 2889: 2143:"Evening Update: Trudeau attributes Wilson-Raybould demotion to Brison's exit" 186: 5966: 4114: 1654: 1087: 1028: 972: 963:

On 20 March, the CEO of SNC-Lavalin, Neil Bruce, stated in an interview with

948: 925: 914: 680: 532: 528: 509: 413:

act independently of political pressures from the government." Similarly, in

147: 116: 5573:. Office of the Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner. Archived from 5420:"Is The RCMP Investigating Justin Trudeau's Office Over SNC-Lavalin Affair?" 4985:"Read Wilson-Raybould's Letter To Liberals Before Her Expulsion From Caucus" 4110:"SNC has 'alternatives' if it's banned by feds, says former top Caisse exec" 3945:"Wilson-Raybould now says she was contacted by RCMP over SNC-Lavalin affair" 2917:

Campion-Smith, Bruce; Boutilier, Alex; Ballingall, Alex (21 February 2019).

2724:"Wilson-Raybould challenged Trudeau on SNC-Lavalin, Prime Minister concedes" 2473:

MacCharles, Todd; Campion-Smith, Bruce; Ballingall, Alex (7 February 2019).

2171:"Wilson-Raybould challenged Trudeau on SNC-Lavalin, Prime Minister concedes" 1681:"SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. v. Canada (Public Prosecution Service), 2019 FC 282" 1424:"Inside SNC-Lavalin's long lobbying campaign to change the sentencing rules" 982: 662:

Wilson-Raybould testified before the committee, corroborating the report by

464:

prosecution agreement. Wilson-Raybould refused. Allowing the resignation of

5924: 5211:"Jody Wilson-Raybould and Jane Philpott kicked out of Liberal Party caucus" 4795: 4086: 3547:"Damning report says Trudeau violated ethics act during SNC-Lavalin affair" 3183: 2923: 1574: 1569: 929: 719: 684: 676: 596: 465: 342: 104: 2305:"Update on the federal charges by the Public Prosecutor Service of Canada" 3747:"Liberals on ethics committee defeat opposition motion to hear from Dion" 2866: 2392: 1626: 1195:

approval, as required by law, at its 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

1131: 988: 952:

was to report her recommendations to the Prime Minister by 30 June 2019.

365: 202: 4958:"Pressure building in Liberal caucus to eject Wilson-Raybould, Philpott" 2225:"Jody Wilson-Raybould's Surprise Shuffle Isn't A Demotion, Trudeau Says" 1650:"Federal Court strikes down SNC-Lavalin's bid for remediation agreement" 5447:"Why the RCMP should proceed: Not even Justin Trudeau is above the law" 5260:"Dozens Of Young Women Turn Their Backs To Trudeau During House Speech" 4404:"Liberals block push for ethics committee probe of SNC-Lavalin scandal" 1597:"Key figure in illegal election financing scheme quietly pleads guilty" 618:

During an emergency meeting on 13 February 2019, the Liberal-dominated

524: 209:

by early 2009. The board raised concerns about the cost of a trip that

68: 3289:"Liberals on justice committee say it's time to end SNC-Lavalin probe" 2620:"Canada minister Jody Wilson-Raybould resigns amid SNC-Lavalin affair" 1240:

Seglins, Dave; Houlihan, Rachel; Montpetit, Jonathan (15 April 2019).

1012:, such as the Privy Council Office and the Department of Justice. The 5929: 4380: 3751: 3320: 2020:"An Act respecting the office of the Director of Public Prosecutions" 1064: 960:

proceedings by forcing an all-night session of the House of Commons.

775: 4790:"Jane Philpott resigns from Trudeau cabinet over SNC-Lavalin affair" 4246:"Scheer Calls on RCMP to Investigate Trudeau and SNC-Lavalin Affair" 2670:"Politics Briefing: Wilson-Raybould's resignation speaks for itself" 280:

coming into power, SNC-Lavalin lobbied the government to change the

5507: 5364:"Trudeau controls waiver of cabinet confidentiality on SNC-Lavalin" 5126: 4900:"Trudeau and Liberal Party Expel 2 Ex Ministers at Center of Storm" 4548: 3808: 3801:"This is why Trudeau isn't being punished for his ethics violation" 3436: 2781: 2229: 2060:"PMO pressed Wilson-Raybould to abandon prosecution of SNC-Lavalin" 1216: 1182:"SNC-Lavalin Group rebrands to AtkinsRéalis: A new name, a new era" 892: 788: 341:

In June 2018, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's government passed an

191: 5311:"Wilson-Raybould, Philpott to seek re-election as Independent MPs" 891:

said it was unlikely SNC-Lavalin would move its headquarters from

336: 245:. The charges allege that between 2001 and 2011, SNC-Lavalin paid 5640: 5185: 4488:"Trudeau threatens Scheer with lawsuit over SNC-Lavalin comments" 3642:"A Watchdog Found Trudeau Broke the Law, But Not Everyone Agrees" 3432:"Secret tape increases pressure on Trudeau in SNC-Lavalin affair" 2472: 2198:"Jody Wilson-Raybould: Ex-minister increases pressure on Trudeau" 1789: 947:

On 18 March, Trudeau announced that former Deputy Prime Minister

349:. The changes introduced a type of sentencing agreement called a 250: 127:

held three hearings into the affair. Wilson-Raybould, Butts, and

3694:"SNC-Lavalin case: investigation would be relevant, says expert" 3150:"Trudeau says 'erosion of trust' led to SNC-Lavalin controversy" 2916: 1929:"Independence at core of federal prosecution service's creation" 1814: 111:

to Trudeau. This was then followed by the resignation of fellow

2979:"Key moments from Jody Wilson-Raybould's SNC-Lavalin testimony" 1818: 1793: 1711:"Canada to enhance its toolkit to address corporate wrongdoing" 1688: 1565:"SNC-Lavalin needed what Jody Wilson-Raybould wouldn't give it" 715: 325:

and that SNC-Lavalin "did not self-report" the alleged crimes.

195: 5338:"What Justin Trudeau Doesn't Regret in the SNC-Lavalin Affair" 5038:"Trudeau ejects Wilson-Raybould, Philpott from Liberal caucus" 4326:"Meet SNC, the Firm That Trudeau's Risking His Career to Save" 1737:"Remediation Agreements and Orders to Address Corporate Crime" 1484:"SNC-Lavalin CEO urged Ottawa to change anti-corruption rules" 3369:

Platt, Brian; Forrest, Maura; Snyder, Jesse (29 March 2019).

291:

Minister of Public Services and Procurement and Accessibility

226: 206: 155:(RCMP) to investigate whether Trudeau's conduct qualifies as 3316:"Liberals shut down SNC-Lavalin investigation at committee" 2859: 2058:

Fife, Robert; Chase, Steven; Fine, Sean (7 February 2019).

1961:"About the PPSC: The Mandate of Public Prosecution Service" 1680: 940: 798: 781: 289:

government. Targets of SNC-Lavalin's lobbying included the

5613:"Resignation Statement from the Hon. Jody Wilson-Raybould" 2092:(Press release). Prime Minister of Canada. 14 January 2019 631:

Clerk Michael Wernick were originally invited to testify.

5153: 4763:"Jane Philpott: Trudeau crisis grows as minister resigns" 2201: 1112:

materials. According to the report, sources who spoke to

983:

Leaked information regarding Supreme Court recommendation

5534:"Gerald Butts' Statement to the House Justice Committee" 5149:"SNC-Lavalin affair: Trudeau expels 'whistleblower' MPs" 4787:

MacCharles, Tonda; Campion-Smith, Bruce (4 March 2019).

4520:. Public Prosecution Service of Canada. 18 December 2019 4355:(Press release). Prime Minister of Canada. 18 March 2019 4082:"SNC-Lavalin affair exposes Trudeau's lazy math on jobs" 2000:. Public Prosecution Service of Canada. 2 September 2014 1449:

Nakonechny, Simon; Montpetit, Jonathan (14 March 2019).

1239: 504:

In the days following the publication of the article in

4786: 3745:

Pinkerton, Charlie; Vigliotti, Marco (21 August 2019).

2862:"Editorial: How the Senate failed to deal with Lavscam" 1328: 1326: 5238:"Elizabeth May says expelled Liberal MPs 'very brave'" 4514:"SNC Lavalin Construction Inc. Pleads Guilty To Fraud" 1055:

describing it as "fundamentally wrong" and the former

687:, and other high-ranking officials in the PMO and the 386:

terms, operating at arm's length from the government.

5540: 3621: 2279:"Submission to the DPA/Integrity Regime Consultation" 1872:"Opinion: The real scandal in the SNC-Lavalin affair" 5209:

Kalvapalle, Rahul; Connolly, Amanda (3 April 2019).

1323: 654:

article contained errors and unfounded speculation.

119:, over the government's handling of the affair. The 5595:"Resignation Statement from the Hon. Jane Philpott" 5390:LeBlanc, Daniel; Fife, Robert (10 September 2019). 5362:LeBlanc, Daniel; Fife, Robert (13 September 2019). 5204: 5202: 5122:"Trudeau's Dumb Expulsions and Strange Compulsions" 3943:Harris, Kathleen; Kapelos, Vassy (16 August 2019). 3915: 3259: 2721: 1448: 5208: 4982: 4928: 4788: 4713:"Full statement: Gerald Butts' resignation letter" 4458: 3858: 3744: 3598: 3368: 3176: 2668: 2379: 2090:"Prime Minister announces changes to the Ministry" 1898:"L'Affaire SNC-Lavalin: The Public Law Principles" 1509: 1478: 1393:"Guide to the Ineligibility and Suspension Policy" 907:On 11 February 2019, after mounting pressure from 452: 5176:Scherer, Steve; Ljunggren, David (2 April 2019). 3396: 3394: 3392: 2976: 2169:Chase, Steven; Silcoff, Sean (15 February 2019). 2136: 2134: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 1269:"RCMP charges SNC-Lavalin with corruption, fraud" 328:Later in 2018, SNC-Lavalin brought a case to the 140:had with Wernick while she was Attorney General. 5964: 5199: 5175: 4653: 4651: 4597: 4595: 4567: 4565: 3510: 3508: 3061: 3057: 3055: 3053: 1815:"Krieger v. Law Society of Alberta, 2002 SCC 65" 1266: 1016:covers neither ministerial offices nor the PMO. 5628: 5619: 5610: 4924: 4922: 3827: 3825: 3400: 3116: 3114: 3112: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2643: 2559: 2557: 2555: 1474: 1472: 811: 337:Introduction of deferred prosecution agreements 16:2019 political controversy or scandal in Canada 3389: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2801: 2799: 2524: 2522: 2498: 2131: 2042: 1647: 1235: 1233: 657: 641: 559: 381:, the government was not willing to split the 345:budget bill which contained amendments to the 181: 169:have access to all of the evidence. Under the 71:found that Trudeau improperly influenced then 46:political interference with the justice system 5656: 5061: 5059: 5029: 4648: 4592: 4562: 3942: 3505: 3204: 3050: 2284:(Press release). SNC-Lavalin. 13 October 2017 2057: 1955: 1953: 394:Prosecutorial independence is a principle of 389: 4919: 3822: 3174: 3109: 2965: 2860:Toronto Sun Editorial Staff (7 April 2019). 2552: 2466: 2375: 2373: 2168: 1469: 521:Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner 5392:"Ottawa blocks RCMP on SNC-Lavalin inquiry" 5389: 5361: 5258:Maloney, Ryan; Lum, Zi-Ann (3 April 2019). 3691: 2938: 2891:Michael Wernick speaks to justice committee 2796: 2519: 2302: 1230: 791:, Elder Marques, and Mathieu Bouchard. The 764: 253:in Libya to officials in the government of 5663: 5649: 5620:Wilson-Raybould, Jody (27 February 2019). 5611:Wilson-Raybould, Jody (12 February 2019). 5444: 5257: 5251: 5056: 4976: 4949: 4485: 3995: 3993: 3772: 2644:Wilson-Raybould, Jody (12 February 2019). 1950: 1761: 991:to the Supreme Court of Canada, replacing 902: 710: 242:Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act 4955: 4373: 4079: 4053:Lee, Ian; Cross, Philip (15 March 2019). 3141: 2715: 2688: 2660: 2584: 2492: 2418: 2412: 2370: 2296: 1838: 5592: 5541:Department of Justice (6 October 2017). 5092: 5008: 4816: 4538: 4401: 4135: 4052: 4025: 3999: 3717: 3484: 3457: 3429: 3286: 3029: 2898:(Video). National Post. 21 February 2019 2747: 2722:Technology Reporter (15 February 2019). 2590: 2445: 1988: 1986: 1594: 1536: 1421: 1333:Osborne, W. Michael G. (19 March 2019). 1148: 1137:SNC-Lavalin Kerala hydroelectric scandal 799:Further submissions from Wilson-Raybould 782:Conclusion of Justice Committee hearings 714: 567: 492: 185: 73:Minister of Justice and Attorney General 21:SNC-Lavalin Kerala hydroelectric scandal 5875:(father, 15th Prime Minister of Canada) 5629:Wilson-Raybould, Jody (26 March 2019). 5601: 5445:Giesbrecht, Brian (11 September 2019). 5283: 5235: 4686:"Privacy Act | Government Institutions" 4323: 4297:Smith, Marie-Danielle (11 March 2019). 4270: 4162: 3990: 3798: 3401:Wilson-Raybould, Jody (26 March 2019). 3088: 2833:Smith, Marie-Danielle (21 March 2019). 2774: 2528: 2351: 2084: 2082: 1895: 1839:Rosenberg, The Honourable Marc (2009). 1832: 1595:Thompson, Elizabeth (19 January 2019). 1332: 608:Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs 5965: 5920:2013 Liberal Party leadership election 5501:Harris, Kathleen (11 September 2019). 5500: 5335: 5308: 5119: 5035: 4897: 4870: 4843: 4733: 4657: 4601: 4571: 4428: 4107: 3969: 3916:National Post Staff (14 August 2019). 3888: 3831: 3639: 3544: 3341: 3147: 3120: 2977:Tasker, John Paul (28 February 2019). 2961:. Postmedia Network. 27 February 2019. 2695:Tasker, John Paul (13 February 2019). 2694: 2666: 2564:Tasker, John Paul (11 February 2019). 2563: 2250: 2140: 2110: 2012: 1869: 1790:"Miazga v. Kvello Estate, 2009 SCC 51" 1715:Public Services and Procurement Canada 769:During the Committee hearing, Liberal 262:Public Services and Procurement Canada 260:In Canada, bidders for contracts with 5692:Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada 5644: 5636:– via ourcommons.azureedge.net. 5531: 5288:. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 313. 5065: 4710: 4296: 4080:Scoffield, Heather (20 August 2019). 3665: 3599:The Canadian Press (14 August 2019). 3313: 3260:National Post Staff (19 March 2019). 3231: 2832: 2805: 2748:Connolly, Amanda (12 February 2019). 2591:Connolly, Amanda (12 February 2019). 2356:. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 293. 2325: 1983: 1863: 1562: 1267:Sutherland, Anne (19 February 2015). 1153:(in French). Les éditions La Presse. 1149:Larouche, Vincent (15 January 2022). 698:Wilson-Raybould also reiterated that 5561: 5472: 4628: 4459:The Canadian Press (28 March 2019). 4374:Pinkerton, Charlie (18 March 2019). 3889:Tunney, Catharine (14 August 2019). 3832:Tasker, John Paul (14 August 2019). 3692:Jolin-Dahel, Lena (17 August 2019). 3627: 3545:Tasker, John Paul (14 August 2019). 3030:Serebrin, Jacob (27 February 2019). 2446:Connolly, Amanda (7 February 2019). 2419:Delacourt, Susan (7 February 2019). 2251:Harris, Kathleen (14 January 2019). 2141:Snider, Michael (15 February 2019). 2079: 1969:Public Prosecution Service of Canada 1926: 1889: 1870:Spratt, Michael (25 February 2019). 1422:Cochrane, David (14 February 2019). 1117:investigators on 10 September 2019. 223:Public Prosecution Service of Canada 97:shuffled to another cabinet position 5286:Whipped: Party Discipline in Canada 4983:The Canadian Press (2 April 2019). 4956:Thibedeau, Hannah (29 March 2019). 4929:The Canadian Press (2 April 2019). 4844:Tunney, Catharine (18 March 2019). 4760: 4190:May, Elizabeth (15 February 2019). 4189: 4163:Forrest, Maura (11 February 2019). 4026:Connolly, Amanda (15 August 2019). 3773:Ballingall, Alex (21 August 2019). 2617: 2529:Forrest, Maura (11 February 2019). 2354:Whipped: Party Discipline in Canada 2222: 2190: 1042: 436:Director of Public Prosecutions Act 276:, with a Liberal government led by 13: 5670: 5473:Tang, Justin (11 September 2019). 4871:Harris, Kathleen (18 April 2019). 4817:Connolly, Amanda (18 March 2019). 4711:Betts, Gerald (18 February 2019). 4572:Harris, Kathleen (28 March 2019). 4486:von Scheel, Elise (7 April 2019). 4402:Connolly, Amanda (26 March 2019). 4271:Bañares, Ilya (28 February 2019). 3799:Gilmore, Rachel (15 August 2019). 3718:Zimonjic, Peter (21 August 2019). 3571: 3342:Harris, Kathleen (29 March 2019). 3121:Tasker, John Paul (6 March 2019). 3003: 2775:Maloney, Ryan (13 February 2019). 2667:Hannay, Chris (13 February 2019). 2499:Canadian Press (7 February 2019). 1927:Cook, Stephen (13 February 2019). 1896:Forcese, Craig (9 February 2019). 1511:"Executive profile: Normand Morin" 1307:. 19 February 2015. Archived from 1206: 1184:(Press release). 12 September 2023 1142: 883:, and Philip Cross, fellow at the 370:House of Commons Finance Committee 14: 6064: 5983:Political controversies in Canada 5602:Wernick, Michael (6 March 2019). 5525: 5417: 5036:Harris, Kathleen (2 April 2019). 5009:Connolly, Amanda (7 April 2019). 4734:Harris, Kathleen (4 March 2019). 4658:Harris, Kathleen (3 April 2019). 4000:McLellan, Anne (14 August 2019). 3458:Ferreras, Jesse (29 March 2019). 3287:Zimonjic, Peter (18 March 2019). 3148:Harris, Kathleen (7 March 2019). 3062:Harris, Kathleen (6 March 2019). 1859:– via www.ontariocourts.ca. 541:letter to the Ethics Commissioner 145:Leader of the Official Opposition 5494: 5466: 5438: 5411: 5383: 5355: 5329: 5309:Harris, Kathleen (27 May 2019). 5302: 5277: 5229: 5169: 5141: 5120:Harris, Michael (3 April 2019). 5113: 5093:Ferreras, Jesse (2 April 2019). 5086: 5002: 4891: 4864: 4837: 4810: 4780: 4754: 4727: 4715:(Open Letter). Postmedia Network 4704: 4678: 4622: 4539:McGregor, Glen (25 March 2019). 4532: 4506: 4479: 4452: 4422: 4395: 4367: 4345: 4324:Scanlan, David (11 March 2019). 4317: 4290: 4264: 4238: 4212: 4183: 4156: 4129: 4101: 4073: 4046: 4019: 3970:Wherry, Aaron (17 August 2019). 3963: 3314:Walsh, Marieke (19 March 2019). 3232:Zilio, Michelle (6 March 2019). 3089:Thomson, Stuart (6 March 2019). 2326:Platt, Brian (8 February 2019). 2111:Ivison, John (14 January 2019). 1762:Blatchford, Andy (15 May 2018). 445:, the official newspaper of the 415:Krieger v Law Society of Alberta 5593:Philpott, Jane (4 March 2019). 3936: 3909: 3882: 3852: 3792: 3766: 3738: 3711: 3685: 3666:Hamer, David (20 August 2019). 3659: 3633: 3592: 3565: 3538: 3478: 3451: 3423: 3362: 3335: 3307: 3280: 3253: 3225: 3198: 3168: 3082: 3023: 2997: 2910: 2882: 2853: 2826: 2768: 2741: 2637: 2611: 2439: 2345: 2319: 2303:SNC-Lavalin (10 October 2018). 2271: 2244: 2223:Lum, Zi-Ann (14 January 2019). 2216: 2162: 2104: 2028:Department of Justice of Canada 1920: 1807: 1782: 1755: 1729: 1703: 1673: 1648:Forrest, Maura (8 March 2019). 1641: 1615: 1588: 1563:Wells, Paul (8 February 2019). 1556: 1530: 1502: 1442: 1102: 1033:President of the Treasury Board 1019: 453:Discovery and initial reactions 310:Director of Public Prosecutions 5562:Dion, Mario (14 August 2019). 5532:Butts, Gerald (6 March 2019). 4692:. Department of Justice Canada 4610:. CBC News. The Canadian Press 4602:Bryden, Joan (25 March 2019). 4429:Bryden, Joan (20 March 2019). 4108:McNeil, Shane (1 March 2019). 3640:Austen, Ian (17 August 2019). 3205:National Post (7 March 2019). 2806:Platt, Brian (20 March 2019). 1415: 1385: 1355: 1289: 1260: 1200: 1174: 1080:2019 Canadian federal election 1004:Privacy Commissioner of Canada 351:deferred prosecution agreement 303:deferred prosecution agreement 297:, as well as officials in the 274:2015 Canadian federal election 89:The affair became public when 84:deferred prosecution agreement 1: 5624:– via nationalpost.com. 5615:– via nationalpost.com. 5236:Zytaruk, Tom (3 April 2019). 5066:Platt, Brian (2 April 2019). 3175:Toronto Star (7 March 2019). 2652:(Open Letter). Archived from 1305:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 1168: 1127:Premiership of Justin Trudeau 239:under Section 3(1)(b) of the 219:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 176: 153:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 6008:Justin Trudeau controversies 5988:Political scandals in Canada 4898:Austen, Ian (2 April 2019). 4629:Fine, Sean (27 March 2019). 4260:– via conservative.ca. 4250:Conservative Party of Canada 4234:– via conservative.ca. 4224:Conservative Party of Canada 4220:"Justin Trudeau Must Resign" 3006:"Orders In Council - Search" 1902:craigforcese.squarespace.com 812:Ethics Commissioner's report 523:of the Parliament of Canada 190:SNC-Lavalin headquarters in 101:Minister of Veterans Affairs 7: 6053:Attorneys general of Canada 6038:Political history of Quebec 5336:Austen, Ian (17 May 2019). 4723:– via Ottawa Citizen. 4136:CBC News (16 August 2019). 3010:orders-in-council.canada.ca 2650:jwilson-raybould.liberal.ca 2292:– via snclavalin.com. 1637:– via snclavalin.com. 1120: 885:Macdonald-Laurier Institute 658:Hearing on 27 February 2019 642:Hearing on 21 February 2019 613: 560:Wilson-Raybould resignation 421:", based on a statement by 396:Canadian constitutional law 308:On recommendation from the 182:SNC-Lavalin bribery charges 10: 6069: 5543:"Conflict of Interest Act" 3485:CBC News (30 March 2019). 3430:BBC News (30 March 2019). 1297:"RCMP Charges SNC-Lavalin" 648:Clerk of the Privy Council 390:Prosecutorial independence 133:Clerk of the Privy Council 18: 6023:Abuse of the legal system 6003:2019 in Canadian politics 5912: 5857: 5829: 5778: 5750: 5711: 5678: 873:Department of Justice Act 551:22 September 2021 at the 229:under section 380 of the 217:On 19 February 2015, the 5736:44th Canadian Parliament 5732:43rd Canadian Parliament 5728:42nd Canadian Parliament 5686:Prime Minister of Canada 5426:. Verizon Communications 4006:Prime Minister of Canada 3410:ourcommons.azureedge.net 2618:BBC (13 February 2019). 2315:– via newswire.ca. 1537:HuffPost (17 May 2018). 909:Democracy Watch (Canada) 845:Democracy Watch filed a 839:Democracy Watch (Canada) 835:Conflict of Interest Act 826:Conflict of Interest Act 822:Democracy Watch (Canada) 765:Hearing on 13 March 2019 426:pressure on him or her. 165:Conflict of Interest Act 50:Prime Minister of Canada 5742:Liberal Party of Canada 5597:– via ctvnews.ca. 5549:. Department of Justice 5536:– via medium.com. 3004:Canada, Government of. 2024:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca 997:Chief Justice of Canada 903:Reactions and aftermath 734:to Trudeau in the PMO. 711:Hearing on 6 March 2019 625:Deputy Justice Minister 602:Anonymous sources told 468:, she was moved to the 406:Supreme Court of Canada 299:Prime Minister's Office 287:Coalition Avenir Québec 82:in 2023) by offering a 58:Prime Minister's Office 5905:(maternal grandfather) 5899:(paternal grandfather) 5722:29th Canadian Ministry 5606:– via canada.ca. 5284:Marland, Alex (2020). 2352:Marland, Alex (2020). 1904:(Blog). Archived from 1751:– via canada.ca. 1725:– via canada.ca. 1363:"New Integrity Regime" 1107:On 10 September 2019, 934:obstruction of justice 727: 673: 576: 501: 401:Miazga v Kvello Estate 199: 157:obstruction of justice 37: 5897:Charles-Émile Trudeau 5849:2021 federal election 5844:2019 federal election 5839:2015 federal election 4363:– via pm.gc.ca. 2100:– via pm.gc.ca. 1876:CanadianLawyerMag.com 1741:Department of Justice 718: 668: 627:Nathalie Drouin, and 587:Nathalie Drouin, and 571: 496: 431:Department of Justice 360:The inclusion of the 189: 6033:Political corruption 6028:Conflict of interest 6018:Separation of powers 5973:Corruption in Canada 5698:Member of Parliament 5571:ciec-ccie.parl.gc.ca 5547:Justice Laws Website 4761:BBC (4 March 2019). 4690:Justice Laws Website 3520:ciec-ccie.parl.gc.ca 2656:on 12 February 2019. 1908:on 16 September 2019 1401:Government of Canada 1371:Government of Canada 1078:respectively in the 917:, the leader of the 820:filed 8 February by 573:Jody Wilson-Raybould 519:On 11 February, the 457:On 7 February 2019, 447:Government of Canada 379:Pierre-Luc Dusseault 375:New Democratic Party 264:must conform to the 76:Jody Wilson-Raybould 62:Parliament of Canada 44:involving attempted 6043:History of Montreal 5763:international trips 5564:"Trudeau II Report" 5074:. Postmedia Network 4937:. Postmedia Network 4305:. Postmedia Network 4200:. Postmedia Network 4171:. Postmedia Network 4061:. Postmedia Network 3924:. Postmedia Network 3870:. Postmedia Network 3609:. Postmedia Network 3377:. Postmedia Network 3268:. Postmedia Network 3213:. Postmedia Network 3097:. Postmedia Network 3038:. Postmedia Network 2870:. Postmedia Network 2841:. Postmedia Network 2814:. Postmedia Network 2537:. Postmedia Network 2507:. Postmedia Network 2383:(8 February 2019). 2119:. Postmedia Network 1845:Queen's Law Journal 1343:. Postmedia Network 1311:on 21 February 2015 1277:. Postmedia Network 1207:Tunney, Catherine. 1151:La saga SNC-Lavalin 1076:Markham—Stouffville 1072:Vancouver Granville 1050:Minister of Tourism 881:Carleton University 732:Principal Secretary 724:Principal Secretary 689:Minister of Finance 419:Shawcross principle 235:, and one count of 109:Principal Secretary 66:Ethics Commissioner 38:Affaire SNC-Lavalin 6013:Corporate scandals 5993:2019 controversies 5940:WE Charity scandal 5935:SNC-Lavalin affair 5480:The Globe and Mail 5452:The Globe and Mail 5397:The Globe and Mail 5369:The Globe and Mail 4905:The New York Times 4635:The Globe and Mail 4439:The Canadian Press 4252:. 27 February 2019 3862:(14 August 2019). 3860:The Canadian Press 3646:The New York Times 3239:The Globe and Mail 2728:The Globe and Mail 2675:The Globe and Mail 2405:The Globe and Mail 2381:The Canadian Press 2204:. 28 February 2019 2176:The Globe and Mail 2148:The Globe and Mail 2065:The Globe and Mail 1937:The Canadian Press 1623:"Notice of Appeal" 1480:The Canadian Press 1114:The Globe and Mail 1109:The Globe and Mail 993:Beverley McLachlin 965:The Globe and Mail 895:. Quebec Premier, 856:Nate Erskine-Smith 793:Conservative Party 728: 664:The Globe and Mail 652:The Globe and Mail 604:The Canadian Press 577: 506:The Globe and Mail 502: 488:The Globe and Mail 460:The Globe and Mail 200: 92:The Globe and Mail 30:SNC-Lavalin affair 5960: 5959: 5885:Alexandre Trudeau 5879:Margaret Sinclair 5580:on 14 August 2019 4248:(Press release). 4222:(Press release). 3630:, pp. 14–15. 3526:on 30 August 2019 1739:(Press release). 1713:(Press release). 1687:(Public Notice). 1660:Postmedia Network 1625:(Press release). 1397:tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca 1369:(Public Notice). 1303:(Press release). 1160:978-2-89705-964-4 1057:Solicitor General 939:On 11 March, the 923:Opposition Leader 726:to Justin Trudeau 620:Justice Committee 125:Justice Committee 115:cabinet minister 42:political scandal 6060: 5946:Speaking Moistly 5665: 5658: 5651: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5635: 5625: 5616: 5607: 5598: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5579: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5537: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5255: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5206: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5063: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4926: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4792: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4655: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4599: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4569: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4456: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4277:The Toronto Star 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3997: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3829: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3572:Aiello, Rachel. 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3512: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3407: 3398: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3180: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3118: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3059: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3036:Montreal Gazette 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2974: 2963: 2962: 2951: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2803: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2692: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2672: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2561: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2542: 2526: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2425:The Toronto Star 2416: 2410: 2409: 2401: 2399: 2377: 2368: 2367: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2323: 2317: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2283: 2275: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2248: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2220: 2214: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2138: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2086: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2055: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2016: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2005: 1990: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1957: 1948: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1893: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1836: 1830: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1786: 1780: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1592: 1586: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1534: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1513: 1506: 1500: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1482:(5 March 2019). 1476: 1467: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1446: 1440: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1419: 1413: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1367:buyandsell.gc.ca 1359: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1330: 1321: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1274:Montreal Gazette 1264: 1258: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1237: 1228: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1204: 1198: 1197: 1191: 1189: 1178: 1164: 1043:Party expulsions 957:Ethics Committee 897:François Legault 700:Order in Council 636:Senate of Canada 514:House of Commons 470:Veterans Affairs 411:Attorney General 295:Carla Qualtrough 266:Integrity Regime 211:Al-Saadi Gaddafi 121:House of Commons 6068: 6067: 6063: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6058: 6057: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5908: 5867:Sophie Grégoire 5853: 5825: 5774: 5770:Domestic policy 5746: 5707: 5674: 5669: 5633: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5566: 5552: 5550: 5528: 5523: 5513: 5511: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5471: 5467: 5457: 5455: 5443: 5439: 5429: 5427: 5418:Smith, Joanna. 5416: 5412: 5402: 5400: 5388: 5384: 5374: 5372: 5360: 5356: 5346: 5344: 5334: 5330: 5320: 5318: 5307: 5303: 5296: 5282: 5278: 5268: 5266: 5264:HuffPost Canada 5256: 5252: 5242: 5240: 5234: 5230: 5220: 5218: 5207: 5200: 5190: 5188: 5174: 5170: 5160: 5158: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5132: 5130: 5118: 5114: 5104: 5102: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5075: 5064: 5057: 5047: 5045: 5034: 5030: 5020: 5018: 5007: 5003: 4993: 4991: 4989:HuffPost Canada 4981: 4977: 4967: 4965: 4954: 4950: 4940: 4938: 4927: 4920: 4910: 4908: 4896: 4892: 4882: 4880: 4869: 4865: 4855: 4853: 4842: 4838: 4828: 4826: 4815: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4732: 4728: 4718: 4716: 4709: 4705: 4695: 4693: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4669: 4667: 4656: 4649: 4639: 4637: 4627: 4623: 4613: 4611: 4600: 4593: 4583: 4581: 4570: 4563: 4553: 4551: 4537: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4518:ppsc-sppc.gc.ca 4512: 4511: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4484: 4480: 4470: 4468: 4457: 4453: 4443: 4441: 4437:. Global News. 4427: 4423: 4413: 4411: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4384: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4306: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4269: 4265: 4255: 4253: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4229: 4227: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4188: 4184: 4174: 4172: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4134: 4130: 4120: 4118: 4106: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4078: 4074: 4064: 4062: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3998: 3991: 3981: 3979: 3968: 3964: 3954: 3952: 3941: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3914: 3910: 3900: 3898: 3887: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3857: 3853: 3843: 3841: 3830: 3823: 3813: 3811: 3797: 3793: 3783: 3781: 3771: 3767: 3757: 3755: 3743: 3739: 3729: 3727: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3674: 3664: 3660: 3650: 3648: 3638: 3634: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3570: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3543: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3514: 3513: 3506: 3496: 3494: 3483: 3479: 3469: 3467: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3428: 3424: 3414: 3412: 3405: 3399: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3367: 3363: 3353: 3351: 3340: 3336: 3326: 3324: 3312: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3285: 3281: 3271: 3269: 3258: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3230: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3203: 3199: 3189: 3187: 3173: 3169: 3159: 3157: 3146: 3142: 3132: 3130: 3119: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3087: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3060: 3051: 3041: 3039: 3028: 3024: 3014: 3012: 3002: 2998: 2988: 2986: 2975: 2966: 2953: 2952: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2915: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2873: 2871: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2831: 2827: 2817: 2815: 2804: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2773: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2746: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2720: 2716: 2706: 2704: 2693: 2689: 2679: 2677: 2665: 2661: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2616: 2612: 2602: 2600: 2589: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2562: 2553: 2540: 2538: 2527: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2497: 2493: 2483: 2481: 2471: 2467: 2457: 2455: 2444: 2440: 2430: 2428: 2417: 2413: 2397: 2395: 2378: 2371: 2364: 2350: 2346: 2336: 2334: 2324: 2320: 2310: 2308: 2307:(Press release) 2301: 2297: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2262: 2260: 2249: 2245: 2235: 2233: 2221: 2217: 2207: 2205: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2167: 2163: 2153: 2151: 2139: 2132: 2122: 2120: 2109: 2105: 2095: 2093: 2088: 2087: 2080: 2070: 2068: 2056: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2003: 2001: 1998:ppsc-sppc.gc.ca 1992: 1991: 1984: 1974: 1972: 1971:. 16 March 2007 1965:ppsc-sppc.gc.ca 1959: 1958: 1951: 1941: 1939: 1925: 1921: 1911: 1909: 1894: 1890: 1880: 1878: 1868: 1864: 1854: 1852: 1837: 1833: 1823: 1821: 1813: 1812: 1808: 1798: 1796: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1773: 1771: 1760: 1756: 1746: 1744: 1743:. 27 March 2018 1735: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1717:. 27 March 2018 1709: 1708: 1704: 1694: 1692: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1664: 1662: 1646: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1606: 1604: 1593: 1589: 1579: 1577: 1561: 1557: 1547: 1545: 1535: 1531: 1521: 1519: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1493: 1491: 1477: 1470: 1460: 1458: 1447: 1443: 1433: 1431: 1420: 1416: 1406: 1404: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1376: 1374: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1346: 1344: 1331: 1324: 1314: 1312: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1280: 1278: 1265: 1261: 1251: 1249: 1238: 1231: 1221: 1219: 1205: 1201: 1187: 1185: 1180: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1161: 1145: 1143:Further reading 1123: 1105: 1096:New York Times, 1045: 1022: 985: 905: 889:Caisse de dépôt 814: 801: 784: 767: 713: 660: 644: 616: 589:Michael Wernick 581:Thomas Cromwell 562: 553:Wayback Machine 537:Democracy Watch 455: 392: 339: 314:Court of Quebec 255:Muammar Gaddafi 221:(RCMP) and the 184: 179: 129:Michael Wernick 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6066: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6048:2019 in Quebec 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5952:Convoy protest 5949: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5906: 5903:James Sinclair 5900: 5894: 5891:Michel Trudeau 5888: 5882: 5876: 5873:Pierre Trudeau 5870: 5863: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5835: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5772: 5767: 5766: 5765: 5758:Foreign policy 5754: 5752: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5744: 5738: 5724: 5717: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5704:(2008–present) 5695: 5694:(2013–present) 5689: 5688:(2015–present) 5679: 5676: 5675: 5672:Justin Trudeau 5668: 5667: 5660: 5653: 5645: 5639: 5638: 5626: 5617: 5608: 5599: 5590: 5559: 5538: 5527: 5526:External links 5524: 5522: 5521: 5493: 5465: 5437: 5410: 5382: 5354: 5342:New York Times 5328: 5301: 5294: 5276: 5250: 5228: 5198: 5168: 5157:. 2 April 2019 5140: 5112: 5085: 5055: 5028: 5001: 4975: 4948: 4918: 4890: 4863: 4836: 4809: 4779: 4753: 4726: 4703: 4677: 4647: 4621: 4591: 4561: 4531: 4505: 4478: 4451: 4421: 4394: 4366: 4344: 4331:Bloomberg News 4316: 4289: 4263: 4237: 4226:. 3 March 2019 4211: 4197:Ottawa Citizen 4182: 4155: 4128: 4100: 4072: 4059:Financial Post 4045: 4018: 3989: 3962: 3935: 3908: 3881: 3851: 3821: 3791: 3765: 3737: 3710: 3684: 3658: 3632: 3620: 3606:Calgary Herald 3591: 3578:www.ctvnews.ca 3564: 3537: 3504: 3477: 3450: 3422: 3388: 3361: 3334: 3306: 3279: 3252: 3224: 3197: 3167: 3140: 3108: 3081: 3049: 3022: 2996: 2964: 2937: 2909: 2881: 2852: 2825: 2795: 2767: 2740: 2714: 2687: 2659: 2636: 2610: 2583: 2551: 2518: 2491: 2465: 2438: 2427:. Toronto Star 2411: 2369: 2362: 2344: 2318: 2295: 2270: 2243: 2215: 2189: 2161: 2130: 2103: 2078: 2041: 2011: 1982: 1949: 1919: 1888: 1862: 1831: 1806: 1781: 1754: 1728: 1702: 1691:. 8 March 2019 1672: 1640: 1629:. 4 April 2019 1614: 1587: 1555: 1529: 1501: 1468: 1441: 1414: 1384: 1354: 1340:Financial Post 1322: 1301:rcmp-grc.gc.ca 1288: 1259: 1229: 1199: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1159: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1122: 1119: 1104: 1101: 1044: 1041: 1021: 1018: 984: 981: 904: 901: 813: 810: 800: 797: 783: 780: 766: 763: 712: 709: 659: 656: 643: 640: 615: 612: 561: 558: 546:again on 2 May 512:, said in the 498:Justin Trudeau 484:Canada Gazette 454: 451: 442:Canada Gazette 423:Lord Shawcross 391: 388: 338: 335: 278:Justin Trudeau 272:Following the 249:48 million in 183: 180: 178: 175: 54:Justin Trudeau 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6065: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5998:2019 scandals 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5953: 5950: 5947: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5771: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5723: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5699: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5680: 5677: 5673: 5666: 5661: 5659: 5654: 5652: 5647: 5646: 5643: 5632: 5627: 5623: 5618: 5614: 5609: 5605: 5600: 5596: 5591: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5560: 5548: 5544: 5539: 5535: 5530: 5529: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5497: 5482: 5481: 5476: 5469: 5454: 5453: 5448: 5441: 5425: 5421: 5414: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5386: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5358: 5343: 5339: 5332: 5316: 5312: 5305: 5297: 5295:9780774864978 5291: 5287: 5280: 5265: 5261: 5254: 5239: 5232: 5217:. Global News 5216: 5215:globalnews.ca 5212: 5205: 5203: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5172: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5144: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5116: 5101:. Global News 5100: 5099:globalnews.ca 5096: 5089: 5073: 5072:Vancouver Sun 5069: 5062: 5060: 5043: 5039: 5032: 5017:. Global News 5016: 5015:globalnews.ca 5012: 5005: 4990: 4986: 4979: 4963: 4959: 4952: 4936: 4935:National Post 4932: 4925: 4923: 4907: 4906: 4901: 4894: 4878: 4874: 4867: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4825:. Global News 4824: 4823:globalnews.ca 4820: 4813: 4798: 4797: 4791: 4783: 4768: 4764: 4757: 4741: 4737: 4730: 4714: 4707: 4691: 4687: 4681: 4665: 4661: 4654: 4652: 4636: 4632: 4625: 4609: 4605: 4598: 4596: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4566: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4535: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4493: 4489: 4482: 4466: 4462: 4455: 4440: 4436: 4435:globalnews.ca 4432: 4425: 4410:. Global News 4409: 4408:globalnews.ca 4405: 4398: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4370: 4354: 4348: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4320: 4304: 4303:National Post 4300: 4293: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4186: 4170: 4169:National Post 4166: 4159: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4117: 4116: 4115:BNN Bloomberg 4111: 4104: 4089: 4088: 4083: 4076: 4060: 4056: 4049: 4034:. Global News 4033: 4032:globalnews.ca 4029: 4022: 4007: 4003: 3996: 3994: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3950: 3946: 3939: 3923: 3922:National Post 3919: 3912: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3869: 3868:National Post 3865: 3861: 3855: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3826: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3795: 3780: 3776: 3769: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3741: 3725: 3721: 3714: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3647: 3643: 3636: 3629: 3624: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3595: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3509: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3466:. Global News 3465: 3464:globalnews.ca 3461: 3454: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3426: 3411: 3404: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3376: 3375:National Post 3372: 3365: 3349: 3345: 3338: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3310: 3294: 3290: 3283: 3267: 3266:National Post 3263: 3256: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3228: 3212: 3211:National Post 3208: 3201: 3186: 3185: 3179: 3171: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3128: 3124: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3096: 3095:National Post 3092: 3085: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3011: 3007: 3000: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2960: 2959:National Post 2956: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2926: 2925: 2920: 2913: 2897: 2893: 2892: 2885: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2856: 2840: 2839:National Post 2836: 2829: 2813: 2812:National Post 2809: 2802: 2800: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2771: 2756:. Global News 2755: 2754:globalnews.ca 2751: 2744: 2729: 2725: 2718: 2702: 2698: 2691: 2676: 2671: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2640: 2625: 2621: 2614: 2599:. Global News 2598: 2597:globalnews.ca 2594: 2587: 2571: 2567: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2548: 2536: 2535:National Post 2532: 2525: 2523: 2506: 2505:Vancouver Sun 2502: 2495: 2480: 2476: 2469: 2454:. Global News 2453: 2452:globalnews.ca 2449: 2442: 2426: 2422: 2415: 2408: 2406: 2394: 2390: 2389:globalnews.ca 2386: 2382: 2376: 2374: 2365: 2363:9780774864978 2359: 2355: 2348: 2333: 2332:National Post 2329: 2322: 2306: 2299: 2280: 2274: 2258: 2254: 2247: 2232: 2231: 2226: 2219: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2165: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2137: 2135: 2118: 2117:National Post 2114: 2107: 2091: 2085: 2083: 2067: 2066: 2061: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2015: 1999: 1995: 1989: 1987: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1956: 1954: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1923: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1892: 1877: 1873: 1866: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1835: 1820: 1816: 1810: 1795: 1791: 1785: 1769: 1765: 1758: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1716: 1712: 1706: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1676: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1655:National Post 1651: 1644: 1628: 1624: 1618: 1602: 1598: 1591: 1576: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1559: 1544: 1540: 1533: 1517: 1516:bloomberg.com 1512: 1505: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1475: 1473: 1456: 1452: 1445: 1429: 1425: 1418: 1403:. 17 May 2017 1402: 1398: 1394: 1388: 1373:. 3 July 2015 1372: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1342: 1341: 1336: 1329: 1327: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1292: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1263: 1247: 1243: 1236: 1234: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1203: 1196: 1183: 1177: 1173: 1162: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1146: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1118: 1115: 1110: 1100: 1097: 1092: 1089: 1088:Jagmeet Singh 1083: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1061:Jean Chrétien 1058: 1054: 1051: 1040: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1029:Jane Philpott 1026: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1000: 998: 994: 990: 980: 976: 974: 973:Julian Porter 969: 966: 961: 958: 953: 950: 949:Anne McLellan 945: 942: 937: 935: 931: 927: 926:Andrew Scheer 924: 920: 916: 915:Elizabeth May 912: 910: 900: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 876: 874: 868: 864: 860: 857: 851: 848: 843: 840: 836: 830: 827: 823: 819: 809: 805: 796: 794: 790: 779: 777: 772: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 743: 739: 735: 733: 725: 722:, the former 721: 717: 708: 704: 701: 696: 692: 690: 686: 682: 681:Katie Telford 678: 672: 667: 665: 655: 653: 649: 639: 637: 632: 630: 629:Privy Council 626: 621: 611: 609: 605: 600: 598: 592: 590: 584: 582: 574: 570: 566: 557: 554: 550: 547: 542: 538: 534: 533:Nathan Cullen 530: 529:Charlie Angus 526: 522: 517: 515: 511: 510:David Lametti 507: 499: 495: 491: 489: 485: 480: 479:Criminal Code 474: 471: 467: 462: 461: 450: 448: 444: 443: 438: 437: 432: 427: 424: 420: 416: 412: 407: 403: 402: 397: 387: 384: 383:Criminal Code 380: 376: 371: 367: 363: 362:Criminal Code 358: 356: 352: 348: 347:Criminal Code 344: 334: 331: 330:Federal Court 326: 322: 320: 315: 311: 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 283: 282:Criminal Code 279: 275: 270: 267: 263: 258: 256: 252: 248: 244: 243: 238: 234: 233: 232:Criminal Code 228: 224: 220: 215: 212: 208: 204: 197: 193: 188: 174: 172: 167: 166: 160: 158: 154: 149: 148:Andrew Scheer 146: 141: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 117:Jane Philpott 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 93: 87: 85: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 35: 31: 26: 22: 5978:AtkinsRéalis 5934: 5925:Trudeaumania 5726:Parliament: 5582:. Retrieved 5575:the original 5570: 5553:13 September 5551:. Retrieved 5546: 5514:12 September 5512:. Retrieved 5506: 5496: 5486:12 September 5484:. Retrieved 5478: 5468: 5458:12 September 5456:. Retrieved 5450: 5440: 5430:12 September 5428:. Retrieved 5423: 5413: 5403:10 September 5401:. Retrieved 5395: 5385: 5375:13 September 5373:. Retrieved 5367: 5357: 5345:. Retrieved 5341: 5331: 5319:. Retrieved 5314: 5304: 5285: 5279: 5267:. Retrieved 5263: 5253: 5241:. Retrieved 5231: 5221:13 September 5219:. Retrieved 5214: 5191:13 September 5189:. Retrieved 5181: 5171: 5161:13 September 5159:. Retrieved 5152: 5143: 5131:. Retrieved 5125: 5115: 5105:13 September 5103:. Retrieved 5098: 5088: 5076:. Retrieved 5071: 5046:. Retrieved 5041: 5031: 5019:. Retrieved 5014: 5004: 4992:. Retrieved 4988: 4978: 4966:. Retrieved 4961: 4951: 4939:. Retrieved 4934: 4909:. Retrieved 4903: 4893: 4881:. Retrieved 4876: 4866: 4854:. Retrieved 4849: 4839: 4827:. Retrieved 4822: 4812: 4800:. Retrieved 4796:Toronto Star 4794: 4782: 4770:. Retrieved 4766: 4756: 4746:13 September 4744:. Retrieved 4739: 4729: 4719:13 September 4717:. Retrieved 4706: 4696:12 September 4694:. Retrieved 4689: 4680: 4670:12 September 4668:. Retrieved 4663: 4638:. Retrieved 4634: 4624: 4614:13 September 4612:. Retrieved 4607: 4582:. Retrieved 4577: 4552:. Retrieved 4544: 4534: 4522:. Retrieved 4517: 4508: 4496:. Retrieved 4491: 4481: 4469:. Retrieved 4464: 4454: 4444:13 September 4442:. Retrieved 4434: 4424: 4412:. Retrieved 4407: 4397: 4385:. Retrieved 4379: 4369: 4357:. Retrieved 4347: 4337:13 September 4335:. Retrieved 4329: 4319: 4309:13 September 4307:. Retrieved 4302: 4292: 4280:. Retrieved 4276: 4266: 4256:12 September 4254:. Retrieved 4240: 4230:12 September 4228:. Retrieved 4214: 4202:. Retrieved 4195: 4185: 4175:13 September 4173:. Retrieved 4168: 4158: 4146:. Retrieved 4141: 4131: 4119:. Retrieved 4113: 4103: 4091:. Retrieved 4087:Toronto Star 4085: 4075: 4063:. Retrieved 4058: 4048: 4036:. Retrieved 4031: 4021: 4009:. Retrieved 4005: 3980:. Retrieved 3975: 3965: 3953:. Retrieved 3948: 3938: 3926:. Retrieved 3921: 3911: 3899:. Retrieved 3894: 3884: 3872:. Retrieved 3867: 3854: 3842:. Retrieved 3837: 3812:. Retrieved 3804: 3794: 3782:. Retrieved 3778: 3768: 3756:. Retrieved 3750: 3740: 3728:. Retrieved 3723: 3713: 3701:. Retrieved 3697: 3687: 3675:. Retrieved 3672:Toronto Star 3671: 3661: 3649:. Retrieved 3645: 3635: 3623: 3611:. Retrieved 3604: 3594: 3582:. Retrieved 3577: 3567: 3555:. Retrieved 3550: 3540: 3528:. Retrieved 3524:the original 3519: 3497:13 September 3495:. Retrieved 3490: 3480: 3470:13 September 3468:. Retrieved 3463: 3453: 3443:13 September 3441:. Retrieved 3435: 3425: 3415:13 September 3413:. Retrieved 3409: 3381:13 September 3379:. Retrieved 3374: 3364: 3354:13 September 3352:. Retrieved 3347: 3337: 3325:. Retrieved 3319: 3309: 3297:. Retrieved 3292: 3282: 3270:. Retrieved 3265: 3255: 3245:13 September 3243:. Retrieved 3237: 3227: 3217:13 September 3215:. Retrieved 3210: 3200: 3188:. Retrieved 3184:Toronto Star 3182: 3170: 3160:13 September 3158:. Retrieved 3153: 3143: 3131:. Retrieved 3126: 3099:. Retrieved 3094: 3084: 3072:. Retrieved 3067: 3042:13 September 3040:. Retrieved 3035: 3025: 3013:. Retrieved 3009: 2999: 2989:13 September 2987:. Retrieved 2982: 2958: 2930:13 September 2928:. Retrieved 2924:Toronto Star 2922: 2912: 2900:. Retrieved 2895: 2890: 2884: 2872:. Retrieved 2865: 2855: 2845:13 September 2843:. Retrieved 2838: 2828: 2818:13 September 2816:. Retrieved 2811: 2788:13 September 2786:. Retrieved 2780: 2770: 2758:. Retrieved 2753: 2743: 2731:. Retrieved 2727: 2717: 2705:. Retrieved 2700: 2690: 2678:. Retrieved 2674: 2662: 2654:the original 2649: 2639: 2627:. Retrieved 2623: 2613: 2601:. Retrieved 2596: 2586: 2574:. Retrieved 2569: 2546: 2539:. Retrieved 2534: 2509:. Retrieved 2504: 2494: 2482:. Retrieved 2479:Toronto Star 2478: 2468: 2456:. Retrieved 2451: 2441: 2429:. Retrieved 2424: 2414: 2404: 2403: 2396:. Retrieved 2388: 2353: 2347: 2335:. Retrieved 2331: 2321: 2309:. Retrieved 2298: 2286:. Retrieved 2273: 2261:. Retrieved 2256: 2246: 2234:. Retrieved 2228: 2218: 2206:. Retrieved 2192: 2182:13 September 2180:. Retrieved 2174: 2164: 2154:13 September 2152:. Retrieved 2146: 2123:13 September 2121:. Retrieved 2116: 2106: 2096:13 September 2094:. Retrieved 2069:. Retrieved 2063: 2034:12 September 2032:. Retrieved 2030:. April 2019 2023: 2014: 2004:12 September 2002:. Retrieved 1997: 1975:13 September 1973:. Retrieved 1964: 1942:13 September 1940:. Retrieved 1935:. CTV News. 1932: 1922: 1912:12 September 1910:. Retrieved 1906:the original 1901: 1891: 1881:12 September 1879:. Retrieved 1875: 1865: 1855:12 September 1853:. Retrieved 1848: 1844: 1834: 1824:12 September 1822:. Retrieved 1809: 1799:12 September 1797:. Retrieved 1784: 1772:. Retrieved 1767: 1757: 1747:13 September 1745:. Retrieved 1731: 1721:13 September 1719:. Retrieved 1705: 1695:13 September 1693:. Retrieved 1684: 1675: 1665:13 September 1663:. Retrieved 1653: 1643: 1633:13 September 1631:. Retrieved 1617: 1607:13 September 1605:. Retrieved 1600: 1590: 1580:13 September 1578:. Retrieved 1575:Rogers Media 1568: 1558: 1548:13 September 1546:. Retrieved 1542: 1532: 1520:. Retrieved 1515: 1504: 1492:. Retrieved 1487: 1459:. Retrieved 1454: 1444: 1434:13 September 1432:. Retrieved 1427: 1417: 1407:13 September 1405:. Retrieved 1396: 1387: 1375:. Retrieved 1366: 1357: 1345:. Retrieved 1338: 1313:. Retrieved 1309:the original 1300: 1291: 1281:13 September 1279:. Retrieved 1272: 1262: 1252:13 September 1250:. Retrieved 1245: 1220:. Retrieved 1212: 1202: 1193: 1188:12 September 1186:. Retrieved 1176: 1150: 1113: 1108: 1106: 1103:RCMP inquiry 1095: 1093: 1084: 1069: 1053:Mélanie Joly 1046: 1037: 1027: 1023: 1020:Resignations 1013: 1007: 1001: 986: 977: 970: 964: 962: 954: 946: 938: 930:Brenda Lucki 913: 906: 877: 872: 869: 865: 861: 852: 844: 834: 831: 825: 815: 806: 802: 785: 768: 759: 755: 751: 747: 744: 740: 736: 729: 720:Gerald Butts 705: 697: 693: 685:Bill Morneau 677:Gerald Butts 674: 669: 663: 661: 651: 645: 633: 617: 601: 597:Scott Brison 593: 585: 578: 563: 518: 505: 503: 487: 483: 478: 475: 466:Scott Brison 458: 456: 440: 434: 428: 414: 399: 393: 382: 361: 359: 346: 340: 327: 323: 307: 281: 271: 259: 240: 230: 216: 201: 170: 163: 161: 142: 105:Gerald Butts 90: 88: 80:AtkinsRéalis 29: 27: 25: 5821:2024 budget 5816:2023 budget 5811:2022 budget 5806:2021 budget 5801:2019 budget 5796:2018 budget 5791:2017 budget 5786:2016 budget 5779:Legislation 5713:Premiership 5182:reuters.com 2902:21 February 2896:youtube.com 2867:Toronto Sun 2629:13 February 2393:Global News 1627:SNC-Lavalin 1518:. Bloomberg 1132:SNC-Lavalin 1014:Privacy Act 1009:Privacy Act 989:Glenn Joyal 919:Green Party 742:December?" 691:'s office. 366:Greg Fergus 203:SNC-Lavalin 60:(PMO). The 5967:Categories 5317:. CBC News 5044:. CBC News 4964:. CBC News 4879:. CBC News 4852:. CBC News 4742:. CBC News 4666:. CBC News 4580:. CBC News 4545:ctvnews.ca 4494:. CBC News 4467:. CBC News 4144:. CBC News 3978:. CBC News 3951:. CBC News 3897:. CBC News 3840:. CBC News 3805:ctvnews.ca 3726:. CBC News 3580:. CTV News 3553:. CBC News 3493:. CBC News 3350:. CBC News 3295:. CBC News 3156:. CBC News 3129:. CBC News 3070:. CBC News 2985:. CBC News 2703:. CBC News 2572:. CBC News 2259:. CBC News 1933:ctvnews.ca 1770:. CBC News 1603:. CBC News 1490:. CBC News 1457:. CBC News 1430:. CBC News 1248:. CBC News 1169:References 525:Mario Dion 237:corruption 177:Background 69:Mario Dion 56:, and the 5930:Elbowgate 5893:(brother) 5887:(brother) 5831:Elections 5720:Cabinet: 5584:14 August 4524:14 August 4498:14 August 4381:iPolitics 4148:28 August 4121:28 August 4093:28 August 4065:28 August 4038:28 August 4011:14 August 3982:20 August 3955:20 August 3928:18 August 3901:14 August 3874:14 August 3844:14 August 3814:15 August 3784:21 August 3758:21 August 3752:iPolitics 3730:21 August 3703:21 August 3698:Le Devoir 3677:21 August 3651:21 August 3628:Dion 2019 3613:14 August 3584:14 August 3557:14 August 3530:14 August 3321:iPolitics 2337:14 August 1685:canlii.ca 1570:Maclean's 1222:16 August 1065:Wayne Fox 818:complaint 776:in-camera 377:(NDP) MP 368:told the 5881:(mother) 5751:Policies 5702:Papineau 5508:CBC News 5424:HuffPost 5133:10 April 5127:The Tyee 5021:18 April 4883:18 April 4856:18 March 4829:18 March 4767:BBC News 4584:31 March 4549:CTV News 4471:31 March 4414:18 April 4387:18 March 4359:18 March 3809:CTV News 3437:BBC News 3327:19 March 3299:19 March 3272:20 March 3133:11 March 3101:20 March 3015:18 April 2874:10 April 2782:HuffPost 2624:BBC News 2484:10 April 2230:HuffPost 1543:HuffPost 1461:19 March 1347:12 April 1315:13 April 1217:CBC News 1121:See also 893:Montreal 789:Ben Chin 614:Hearings 549:Archived 192:Montreal 5913:Related 5740:Party: 5321:14 June 5269:7 April 5243:5 April 5186:Reuters 5078:7 April 5048:2 April 4994:7 April 4968:7 April 4941:7 April 4911:3 April 4802:4 March 4772:4 March 4640:25 July 4554:26 July 4282:20 July 4204:4 March 3779:Twitter 3190:7 March 3074:6 March 2760:5 March 2733:9 April 2707:9 April 2680:9 April 2603:9 April 2576:9 April 2541:9 April 2511:9 April 2458:4 March 2431:9 April 2398:9 April 2311:9 April 2288:4 March 2263:4 March 2236:4 March 2208:4 March 2071:4 March 1774:5 April 1522:8 March 1494:5 March 1377:4 April 995:as the 847:lawsuit 575:in 2014 539:had by 531:and MP 500:in 2019 343:omnibus 113:Liberal 48:by the 40:) is a 5869:(wife) 5859:Family 5347:20 May 5315:cbc.ca 5292: 5042:cbc.ca 4962:cbc.ca 4877:cbc.ca 4850:cbc.ca 4740:cbc.ca 4664:cbc.ca 4608:cbc.ca 4578:cbc.ca 4492:cbc.ca 4465:cbc.ca 4142:cbc.ca 3976:cbc.ca 3949:cbc.ca 3895:cbc.ca 3838:cbc.ca 3724:cbc.ca 3551:cbc.ca 3491:cbc.ca 3348:cbc.ca 3293:cbc.ca 3154:cbc.ca 3127:cbc.ca 3068:cbc.ca 2983:cbc.ca 2701:cbc.ca 2570:cbc.ca 2360: 2257:cbc.ca 1819:CanLII 1794:CanLII 1768:cbc.ca 1689:CanLII 1601:cbc.ca 1488:cbc.ca 1455:cbc.ca 1428:cbc.ca 1246:cbc.ca 1213:cbc.ca 1157: 1059:under 1031:, the 404:, the 319:Tories 251:bribes 196:Quebec 107:, the 34:French 5634:(PDF) 5578:(PDF) 5567:(PDF) 3406:(PDF) 2282:(PDF) 398:. In 227:fraud 207:Libya 5700:for 5683:23rd 5586:2019 5555:2019 5516:2019 5488:2019 5460:2019 5432:2019 5405:2019 5377:2019 5349:2019 5323:2019 5290:ISBN 5271:2019 5245:2019 5223:2019 5193:2019 5163:2019 5135:2019 5107:2019 5080:2019 5050:2019 5023:2019 4996:2019 4970:2019 4943:2019 4913:2019 4885:2019 4858:2019 4831:2019 4804:2019 4774:2019 4748:2019 4721:2019 4698:2019 4672:2019 4642:2019 4616:2019 4586:2019 4556:2019 4526:2020 4500:2019 4473:2019 4446:2019 4416:2019 4389:2019 4361:2019 4339:2019 4311:2019 4284:2019 4258:2019 4232:2019 4206:2019 4177:2019 4150:2019 4123:2019 4095:2019 4067:2019 4040:2019 4013:2019 3984:2019 3957:2019 3930:2019 3903:2019 3876:2019 3846:2019 3816:2019 3786:2019 3760:2019 3732:2019 3705:2019 3679:2019 3653:2019 3615:2019 3586:2019 3559:2019 3532:2019 3499:2019 3472:2019 3445:2019 3417:2019 3383:2019 3356:2019 3329:2019 3301:2019 3274:2019 3247:2019 3219:2019 3192:2019 3162:2019 3135:2019 3103:2019 3076:2019 3044:2019 3017:2019 2991:2019 2932:2019 2904:2019 2876:2019 2847:2019 2820:2019 2790:2019 2762:2019 2735:2019 2709:2019 2682:2019 2631:2019 2605:2019 2578:2019 2543:2019 2513:2019 2486:2019 2460:2019 2433:2019 2400:2019 2358:ISBN 2339:2019 2313:2019 2290:2019 2265:2019 2238:2019 2210:2019 2184:2019 2156:2019 2125:2019 2098:2019 2073:2019 2036:2019 2006:2019 1977:2019 1944:2019 1914:2019 1883:2019 1857:2019 1826:2019 1801:2019 1776:2019 1749:2019 1723:2019 1697:2019 1667:2019 1635:2019 1609:2019 1582:2019 1550:2019 1524:2019 1496:2019 1463:2019 1436:2019 1409:2019 1379:2019 1349:2019 1317:2019 1283:2019 1254:2019 1224:2019 1190:2023 1155:ISBN 1074:and 1002:The 941:OECD 634:The 355:stay 247:CA$ 28:The 5154:BBC 2202:BBC 1851:(2) 837:as 771:MPs 171:Act 137:DPA 99:as 64:'s 5969:: 5734:, 5730:, 5569:. 5545:. 5505:. 5477:. 5449:. 5422:. 5394:. 5366:. 5340:. 5313:. 5262:. 5213:. 5201:^ 5184:. 5180:. 5151:. 5124:. 5097:. 5070:. 5058:^ 5040:. 5013:. 4987:. 4960:. 4933:. 4921:^ 4902:. 4875:. 4848:. 4821:. 4793:. 4765:. 4738:. 4688:. 4662:. 4650:^ 4633:. 4606:. 4594:^ 4576:. 4564:^ 4547:. 4543:. 4516:. 4490:. 4463:. 4433:. 4406:. 4378:. 4328:. 4301:. 4275:. 4194:. 4167:. 4140:. 4112:. 4084:. 4057:. 4030:. 4004:. 3992:^ 3974:. 3947:. 3920:. 3893:. 3866:. 3836:. 3824:^ 3807:. 3803:. 3777:. 3749:. 3722:. 3696:. 3670:. 3644:. 3603:. 3576:. 3549:. 3518:. 3507:^ 3489:. 3462:. 3434:. 3408:. 3391:^ 3373:. 3346:. 3318:. 3291:. 3264:. 3236:. 3209:. 3181:. 3152:. 3125:. 3111:^ 3093:. 3066:. 3052:^ 3034:. 3008:. 2981:. 2967:^ 2957:. 2940:^ 2921:. 2894:. 2864:. 2837:. 2810:. 2798:^ 2779:. 2752:. 2726:. 2699:. 2673:. 2648:. 2622:. 2595:. 2568:. 2554:^ 2545:. 2533:. 2521:^ 2503:. 2477:. 2450:. 2423:. 2402:. 2391:. 2387:. 2372:^ 2330:. 2255:. 2227:. 2200:. 2173:. 2145:. 2133:^ 2115:. 2081:^ 2062:. 2044:^ 2026:. 2022:. 1996:. 1985:^ 1967:. 1963:. 1952:^ 1931:. 1900:. 1874:. 1849:43 1847:. 1843:. 1817:. 1792:. 1766:. 1683:. 1658:. 1652:. 1599:. 1573:. 1567:. 1541:. 1514:. 1486:. 1471:^ 1453:. 1426:. 1399:. 1395:. 1365:. 1337:. 1325:^ 1299:. 1271:. 1244:. 1232:^ 1215:. 1211:. 1192:. 1063:, 936:. 683:, 679:, 449:. 293:, 194:, 131:, 123:' 86:. 52:, 36:: 5948:" 5944:" 5664:e 5657:t 5650:v 5588:. 5557:. 5518:. 5490:. 5462:. 5434:. 5407:. 5379:. 5351:. 5325:. 5298:. 5273:. 5247:. 5225:. 5195:. 5165:. 5137:. 5109:. 5082:. 5052:. 5025:. 4998:. 4972:. 4945:. 4915:. 4887:. 4860:. 4833:. 4806:. 4776:. 4750:. 4700:. 4674:. 4644:. 4618:. 4588:. 4558:. 4528:. 4502:. 4475:. 4448:. 4418:. 4391:. 4341:. 4313:. 4286:. 4208:. 4179:. 4152:. 4125:. 4097:. 4069:. 4042:. 4015:. 3986:. 3959:. 3932:. 3905:. 3878:. 3848:. 3818:. 3788:. 3762:. 3734:. 3707:. 3681:. 3655:. 3617:. 3588:. 3561:. 3534:. 3501:. 3474:. 3447:. 3419:. 3385:. 3358:. 3331:. 3303:. 3276:. 3249:. 3221:. 3194:. 3164:. 3137:. 3105:. 3078:. 3046:. 3019:. 2993:. 2934:. 2906:. 2878:. 2849:. 2822:. 2792:. 2764:. 2737:. 2711:. 2684:. 2633:. 2607:. 2580:. 2515:. 2488:. 2462:. 2435:. 2366:. 2341:. 2267:. 2240:. 2212:. 2186:. 2158:. 2127:. 2075:. 2038:. 2008:. 1979:. 1946:. 1916:. 1885:. 1828:. 1803:. 1778:. 1699:. 1669:. 1611:. 1584:. 1552:. 1526:. 1498:. 1465:. 1438:. 1411:. 1381:. 1351:. 1319:. 1285:. 1256:. 1226:. 1163:. 198:. 32:( 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

SNC-Lavalin affair

Index