2790:
2748:
1342:
2362:
1608:
1810:
4144:
918:
2584:
2013:
1970:
2176:
388:
4714:
4574:
2504:
1182:
568:
1266:
2088:
1646:
1730:
1057:
1494:
4764:
2324:
3368:
2214:
3102:
2252:
1418:
1012:
970:
1692:
2668:
2130:
436:
1894:
126:
4532:
3235:
1768:
3144:
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1532:
1304:
4624:
4334:
2046:
2866:
3610:
1224:
4388:
3629:
3652:
1456:
1570:
876:
834:
3060:
744:
3448:
4676:
478:
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4311:
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2381:
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2149:
2065:
1951:
1711:
1665:
1551:
1437:
1361:
1285:
1163:
1118:
989:
937:
853:
763:
629:
587:
549:
455:
407:
351:
94:
3387:
3163:
2809:
2725:
2561:
2343:
2271:
672:
610:
4695:
2885:
1787:
1380:
3410:
1852:
2481:
2542:
2442:
4060:
1144:
3292:
2195:
1932:
52:
4235:
1099:
332:
2400:
2706:
3467:
1989:
4643:
4461:
2767:
2687:
2305:
2032:
1871:
1323:
2984:
188:"Noscere quae vis et causa". The reverse had the Latin inscription "Proemium optime merenti ex instituto Benj. a Rumford, S.R.I. Comitis: adjudicatum a Reg. Soc. Lond." surrounded by an ornamental border of leaves. This design was discontinued in 1863. As of 2024, the obverse of the medal has a portrait of Thompson, surrounded by the Latin inscription "Beniamin Ab Rvmford S. Rom. Imp. Comes Institvit" ("Benjamin Rumford,
2923:
1913:
1749:
1509:
2461:
2107:
1627:
1589:
1475:
1399:
1243:
1201:
1076:
1031:
895:
691:
497:
786:
1829:
805:
14186:
1444:"For his researches on the qualitative as well as quantitative relation between the emissive and absorptive powers of bodies for heat and light, published originally in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, and now made more generally accessible by the publication in 1866 of his treatise on heat"
10311:
215:
for more than three years are eligible for the medal. Candidates for the medal are selected by the Royal
Society Council on the recommendations of the Physical Sciences Awards Committee. Ten times during the early 19th century, no medals were awarded due to the unavailability of suitable candidates
10285:
200:. The reverse has the Latin inscription "Optime In Lvcis Caloqisqve Natvra Exqvirena Merenti Adivdicat Soc: Reg: Lond." ("The Royal Society of London awards this to one outstandingly deserving in investigating the nature of light and heat") inscribed within a
1718:"For his Photographic Researches and his discovery of the method of photographing the less refrangible part of the spectrum, especially the infra-red region; also for his Researches on the absorption of various compound bodies in this part of the spectrum"
3800:"In recognition of his many contributions to the theory and design of optical instruments, especially of a wide variety of important new medical instruments which have made a major contribution to clinical diagnosis and surgery"
4520:"For pioneering work in the quantum control of light and matter on ultrashort timescales, especially the invention and application of new techniques for characterization of quantum and classical light fields."
4972:
3522:"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to engineering and of his leadership of engineering design teams in the chemical and atomic energy industries and in electricity generation"
3868:"In recognition of his pioneering work on optical diagnostics and electrical aspects of combustion and his fundamental studies of flame problems associated with jet engines and furnaces"
8436:
4094:
leading to a very rapid growth of development activities aimed at plastic electronic displays, with advantages of very low cost, flexibility, and the option of curved or flat surfaces"
14000:
13677:
12969:
9518:. Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences (in Dutch and English). Vol. 2. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. p. 320.
13774:
11979:
4702:"For his wide-ranging contributions to atmospheric physics, employing fundamental principles of physics to elucidate phenomena across the spectrum of planetary atmospheres."
5363:
13384:
8976:
7333:
7238:
7062:
7002:
6942:
6640:
6284:
5799:
5641:
5526:
2789:
13742:
11633:
14150:
8263:
163:
1,000 to the Royal
Society in stocks, instructing the latter to grant the awardee the fund's interest as a premium. Thompson was awarded the inaugural award in 1800.
9553:
9349:
8753:
7750:
7612:
7468:
7406:
6045:
5997:
4242:"For his pioneering work on molten salts and dense plasmas that has led the way to a quantitative understanding of the structure and dynamics of strongly correlated
13474:
9418:
9220:
8197:
8133:
8071:
7706:
7289:
6835:
6738:
6386:
13807:
6107:
14064:
13709:
11733:
9160:
4959:
4006:, a fundamental ingredient in many materials, to methods of making strong fibres and to the understanding of polymer solutions which underlie this technology"
10992:
13345:
13282:
11466:
11294:
11089:
6869:
6771:
6567:
6534:
6316:
5941:
5832:
5453:
12576:
5017:
2202:"For his researches on radio-activity, particularly for his discovery of the existence and properties of the gaseous emanations from radio-active bodies"
13871:
13208:
5912:
13419:
6523:
Scientific
Crosscurrents Between Italy and England – Italian contributions to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 17th–19th centuries
1170:"For the successful construction of a new smoke-consuming and fuel-saving fire-grate, described in the Journal of the Society of Arts of May 12, 1854"
166:
The award initially consisted of two medals, one each in silver and gold, struck in the same die. This was later replaced with a single medal made of
14118:
13839:
13055:
698:"For his development of the undulatory theory as applied to the phenomena of polarized light, and for his various important discoveries in Physical
14227:
13903:
4808:
3086:"For his outstanding contributions to the attainment of low temperatures and to the study of the properties of substances at temperatures near the
6213:
13935:
9122:
8951:
8788:
8228:
7679:
7211:
7159:
7035:
6975:
6915:
6711:
6613:
6359:
6257:
6076:
5772:
5610:
5499:
7942:
6186:
5728:
2747:
11875:
8416:
6670:
5701:
283:. From 1800 to 2018, the medal was awarded biennially; since then it has been awarded annually. The most recent recipient is British physicist
14551:
13930:
8404:
12767:
219:
Since its inception, the medal has been granted to 108 scientists. It has been awarded to citizens of the United
Kingdom sixty-seven times,
14338:
14096:
14032:
13990:
13033:
12907:
12843:
12744:
12636:
12544:
12464:
12384:
12107:
12043:
11939:
11711:
3504:
3208:"For his distinguished contributions to the technique for the production of high vacua and to the development of the reflecting microscope"
13667:
3436:"In recognition of his distinguished and paramount personal contribution to the establishment of economic nuclear energy in Great Britain"
2854:"For his researches on the use of polarized light for investigating directly the stresses in transparent models of engineering structures"
1330:"For his researches on the fixed lines of the solar spectrum, and on the inversion of the bright lines in the spectra of artificial light"
14312:
12197:
1406:"For his Optical Researches, and especially for his investigations into the Effect of Heat on the Refractive Power of Transparent Bodies"
13644:
12659:"80th Birthday Celebration for Professor Felix Weinberg, at the Chemical Engineering Department, Imperial College London, 23 April 2008"
12658:
12230:
13967:
12930:
5117:
1596:"For his numerous & important researches in the radiation and absorption of light, carried on chiefly by means of the spectroscope"
13764:
13451:
13230:
4170:"For outstanding contributions to our fundamental understanding of the structure and dynamics of reaction processes on solid surfaces"
13612:
13580:
6028:
2816:"For his researches on the properties of bodies at low temperatures, and in particular, for his recent work on cooling by the use of
13548:
3318:"For his distinguished work in the field of molecular spectroscopy and particularly its application to the study of flame phenomena"
2361:
14241:
13166:
12324:
11961:
13516:
6675:
6218:
5733:
4559:
6458:
5353:
1607:
14271:
13337:
9851:
9728:
9605:
8917:
8679:
8323:
8006:
7878:
7814:
414:"For his Experiments on Heat, published in his Work, entitled an Experimental Inquiry into the Nature and Propagation of Heat."
8943:
7203:
7151:
7027:
6967:
6907:
6605:
6249:
5764:
5602:
5491:
1341:
13732:
13100:
9539:
9396:
9262:
8731:
8049:
7590:
7384:
6504:
14160:
8497:
3048:"For his leading part in the application of modern physical chemistry to many technological problems of pressing importance"
1634:"For his various optical researches, and especially for his recent re-determination of the velocity of propagation of light"
14561:
13958:"Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell awarded world's oldest scientific prize as Royal Society announces 2021 medal and award winners"
11808:
2583:
13484:
13122:
11607:
11434:
11170:
11057:
10957:
10889:
10788:
10720:
10652:
10584:
10516:
10448:
10380:
10260:
10192:
10124:
10056:
9988:
9920:
9487:
9044:
8616:
7537:
13797:
4143:
1809:
11201:
5143:
14054:
13699:
13314:
9631:
9247:
7571:
The
Synthesis of the Elements – The Astrophysical Quest for Nucleosynthesis and What It Can Tell Us About the Universe
10814:
7444:
7104:
5319:
5195:
5185:
5161:
3938:
2512:
9148:
2469:
1083:"For his 'Experimental Investigations on Polarized Light,' the concluding memoirs on which were communicated to the
14444:
14218:
12810:
12695:
12603:
12495:
12415:
12351:
8822:
7737:
7574:
7320:
5247:
3594:"In recognition of his contributions to physical metallurgy and particularly in extending knowledge of the role of
13095:
12255:
11332:
11227:
3762:"In recognition of his unique contribution to the design of optical instruments ranging from large telescopes to
2370:
13263:
12129:
11505:
9754:
6521:
5037:
14317:
14190:
11743:
11206:
8345:
3637:
3394:"For his distinguished work on the scattering processes in the interplanetary medium and his prediction of the
143:
for "outstanding contributions in the field of physics". The award is named in honour of
British scientist Sir
12566:
13861:
13189:
10982:
9863:
9740:
9617:
9156:
9134:
8929:
8691:
8522:
7954:
7890:
7826:
5874:
17:
13409:
5553:"Geometry versus Analysis in Early 19th-Century Scotland – John Leslie, William Wallace, and Thomas Carlyle"
14388:
14128:
13130:
5993:
3418:
13829:
12996:"Address of the President, Sir Michael Atiyah, O.M., Given at the Anniversary Meeting on 30 November 1994"
12870:"Address of the President, Sir Michael Atiyah, O.M., Given at the Anniversary Meeting on 30 November 1992"
14333:
13065:
7272:
6818:
4902:
4605:
4003:
3030:
1700:
917:
13893:
774:, for measuring the Expansion of Solids,' published in the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1831"
14493:
14266:
12775:
12691:"The Award of Medals by the President, Sir George Porter, at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1988"
9254:
7096:
6227:
4002:"In recognition of his contributions to polymer science, in particular his elucidation of the basis of
3965:
3782:
3011:
1500:
1084:
1038:"For his 'Experiments to determine the Laws and the numerical data which enter into the calculation of
998:
Optical
Phenomena developed by the action of Magnets and Electric Currents in certain Transparent Media
861:
13925:
12599:"The award of medals by the President, Sir George Porter, at the Anniversary Meeting, 1 December 1986"
3902:"For discovering and applying techniques for depositing and characterising thin films of high quality
2175:
1969:
119:
14302:
6135:
5742:
5358:
4914:
At the time of the award, Lenard was living in
Germany, though he retained his Hungarian citizenship.
4204:"In recognition of his many contributions to molecular spectroscopy and to the dynamics of molecular
4186:
3171:
2653:
2222:
1879:
1673:
1212:, and its relations to polarized light, and for the researches to which he was led by that discovery"
11833:
11643:
6684:
5667:
2774:"For the outstanding importance of his work in physical chemistry, especially in the application of
1902:
14556:
14196:
13060:
12806:"Award of Medals by the President, Lord Porter, O.M., at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1990"
12663:
6680:
6430:
6223:
5738:
4604:
of exquisite precision, of ultra-stable lasers and of frequency standards for fundamental physics,
4582:
4300:
2138:
1836:"For important and long-continued investigations, which have largely advanced our knowledge of the
7315:
4898:
125:
14307:
13802:
13737:
13607:
13479:
13414:
13235:
12780:
9380:
8030:"The Foundation of the "Paris Observatory for Physical Astronomy" … Located in the Meudon Estate"
7368:
5984:
3376:
2798:
2012:
1776:
396:
208:
171:
14086:
14022:
12995:
12869:
12805:
12690:
12598:
12491:"Address of the President Sir Andrew Huxley, O. M. at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1984"
12490:
12410:
12346:
12065:
12001:
11897:
11665:
2323:
13672:
13269:
13195:
8705:
8223:
7093:
From Newton to
Hawking – A History of Cambridge University's Lucasian Professors of Mathematics
5008:
4813:
4749:
4152:
4129:
4041:
3919:
3907:
2817:
2332:
174:
created the original design of the medal. The diameter of the medal is 3 inches (7.62 cm). The
148:
9513:
9309:
8709:
8448:
7732:
7566:
7428:
7360:
7088:
6023:
5979:
5064:
4713:
2892:"In recognition of his distinguished work and discoveries in many branches of physical optics"
486:
387:
14508:
14503:
14251:
14246:
14059:
13866:
13634:
13309:
12668:
12189:
9372:
9182:
8159:
8093:
8029:
7674:
7267:
6813:
6706:
6354:
5305:
4772:
4745:
4684:
4483:
3961:
3334:
1540:
1107:
1020:
752:
680:
538:
284:
13957:
11196:
6071:
5107:
1493:
14211:
14155:
13441:
13240:
12945:
12704:
12504:
12424:
12269:
12143:
11782:
11581:
11519:
11408:
11346:
11241:
11144:
11031:
10931:
10863:
10762:
10694:
10626:
10558:
10490:
10422:
10354:
10234:
10166:
10098:
10030:
9962:
9894:
9768:
9704:
9645:
9461:
9323:
9196:
9098:
9018:
8893:
8655:
8536:
8359:
8299:
8173:
8107:
7982:
7918:
7854:
7790:
7511:
6434:
5557:
5403:
5139:
5021:
4609:
4573:
3915:
3744:
3353:
3300:
3190:
1464:
1251:
637:
505:
13603:
13570:
2503:
1056:
567:
8:
14297:
13538:
12571:
12411:"Address of the President Sir Andrew Huxley at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1982"
11966:
9388:
8715:
8041:
7376:
6666:
6530:
6209:
6141:
5879:
5724:
4661:
4558:"For world leading research on optical orbital momentum including an angular form of the
4087:
3957:
3698:
3262:
3224:
2965:
2836:
2408:
2073:
2054:
1274:
1265:
1181:
860:"For his 'Experiments on the Polarization of Heat,' published in the Transactions of the
212:
175:
13156:
12949:
12708:
12508:
12428:
12273:
12147:
11786:
11585:
11523:
11412:
11350:
11245:
11148:
11035:
10935:
10867:
10766:
10698:
10630:
10562:
10494:
10426:
10358:
10238:
10170:
10102:
10034:
9966:
9898:
9772:
9708:
9649:
9465:
9327:
9200:
9102:
9022:
8897:
8659:
8540:
8363:
8303:
8177:
8111:
7986:
7922:
7858:
7794:
7515:
6438:
5407:
5025:
4897:
At the time of the award, Melloni was living as a refugee in France for his role in the
178:
featured a tripod altar with a flame upon it, circumscribed by a Latin inscription from
13376:
13368:
13025:
13017:
12961:
12899:
12891:
12835:
12827:
12736:
12720:
12628:
12620:
12536:
12520:
12456:
12440:
12376:
12368:
12314:
12285:
12222:
12214:
12159:
12099:
12091:
12035:
12027:
11931:
11923:
11867:
11859:
11800:
11703:
11695:
11687:
11599:
11535:
11426:
11362:
11257:
11162:
11049:
10949:
10881:
10780:
10712:
10644:
10576:
10508:
10440:
10372:
10252:
10184:
10116:
10048:
9980:
9912:
9835:
9784:
9720:
9661:
9597:
9527:
9479:
9341:
9242:
9212:
9114:
9036:
8968:
8960:
8909:
8861:
8853:
8845:
8792:
8671:
8608:
8552:
8489:
8420:
8375:
8315:
8245:
8237:
8189:
8125:
7998:
7934:
7870:
7806:
7696:
7688:
7656:
7529:
7450:
7365:
Interference – The
History of Optical Interferometry and the Scientists Who Tamed Light
7228:
7220:
7176:
7168:
7052:
7044:
6992:
6984:
6932:
6924:
6728:
6720:
6630:
6622:
6376:
6368:
6274:
6266:
6178:
6097:
6089:
5896:
5892:
5789:
5781:
5693:
5631:
5623:
5584:
5576:
5516:
5508:
5421:
5286:
5278:
5270:
5076:
5029:
4791:
4427:
4224:
2733:
2001:
926:
884:
842:
509:
14119:"Nobel Prize-winning scientist wins Royal Society's most prestigious scientific award"
13506:
12347:"Address of the President Lord Todd, O.M. at the Anniversary Meeting, 1 December 1980"
2087:
2021:
1645:
272:
13995:
13380:
13274:
13200:
13029:
13000:
12903:
12874:
12839:
12728:
12632:
12540:
12528:
12460:
12448:
12380:
12226:
12103:
12070:
12039:
12006:
11971:
11935:
11902:
11871:
11838:
11707:
11670:
10303:
10295:
10291:
9843:
9818:
9545:
9535:
9410:
9402:
9392:
9276:
9268:
9258:
8865:
8745:
8737:
8727:
8481:
8428:
8255:
8063:
8055:
8045:
7742:
7596:
7586:
7460:
7440:
7398:
7390:
7380:
7325:
7281:
7118:
7110:
7100:
6827:
6500:
6450:
6413:
6170:
6162:
6150:
6037:
5904:
5870:
5672:
5588:
5325:
5315:
5290:
5209:
5201:
5191:
5157:
4924:
4319:
4205:
3903:
3884:
2676:
2184:
2115:
794:
340:
193:
156:
144:
13700:"ARM technology creators among top scientists honoured by the Royal Society in 2016"
9813:
9690:
9575:
9084:
8879:
8641:
8493:
8285:
7968:
7904:
7840:
7776:
6182:
4763:
4044:
developing this technique to a sophisticated level and one which is widely used for
3834:"In recognition of his contributions to scientific developments in the gas industry"
3556:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to meteorology, particularly the
1065:
14344:
13358:
13009:
12953:
12883:
12819:
12740:
12712:
12612:
12512:
12432:
12360:
12300:
12277:
12260:
12206:
12174:
12151:
12134:
12083:
12019:
11915:
11851:
11790:
11773:
11738:
11679:
11589:
11572:
11550:
11527:
11510:
11471:
11416:
11399:
11377:
11354:
11337:
11299:
11288:
11272:
11249:
11232:
11152:
11135:
11094:
11039:
11022:
10987:
10939:
10922:
10871:
10854:
10770:
10753:
10702:
10685:
10634:
10617:
10566:
10549:
10498:
10481:
10430:
10413:
10362:
10345:
10242:
10225:
10174:
10157:
10106:
10089:
10038:
10021:
9970:
9953:
9902:
9885:
9827:
9799:
9776:
9759:
9712:
9695:
9676:
9653:
9636:
9589:
9580:
9519:
9469:
9452:
9384:
9331:
9314:
9204:
9187:
9106:
9089:
9026:
9009:
8901:
8884:
8835:
8719:
8663:
8646:
8598:
8589:
8567:
8544:
8527:
8467:"Pietro Tacchini (1838-1905), a key-figure in the post-Unitarian Italian astronomy"
8390:
8367:
8350:
8307:
8290:
8181:
8164:
8115:
8098:
7990:
7973:
7926:
7909:
7862:
7845:
7798:
7781:
7646:
7578:
7519:
7502:
7372:
6874:
6776:
6572:
6492:
6442:
6321:
6154:
5946:
5888:
5837:
5685:
5566:
5458:
5447:
5411:
5394:
5260:
5149:
4741:
4369:
4022:
3679:
3538:
1729:
1388:
1312:
903:
13090:
11490:
11318:
11113:
9831:
6893:
6795:
6591:
6340:
5965:
5856:
5477:
1738:
14518:
14513:
14498:
14488:
14454:
14359:
14292:
14204:
9284:
8466:
8462:
7604:
7126:
5217:
4396:
4091:
2946:
2634:
2294:
2260:
2096:
1818:
1654:
1426:
1368:"For his researches on the absorption and radiation of heat by gases and vapours"
978:
444:
184:
11765:
6446:
4744:, enabling the realisation of high capacity, broad bandwidth, multi-wavelength,
4376:
laser sources, which translated fundamental discoveries to practical technology"
3678:"In recognition of his distinguished studies of very fast chemical reactions by
2930:"For his pioneer work in high precision X-ray spectroscopy and its applications"
2652:"For his services to physical science, especially in the subjects of optics and
14478:
14470:
14424:
14393:
13134:
12991:
12865:
11564:
11475:
11391:
11303:
11127:
11098:
11014:
10914:
10846:
10745:
10677:
10609:
10541:
10473:
10405:
10337:
10217:
10149:
10081:
10013:
9945:
9877:
9444:
9249:
Rutherford – Being the Life and Letters of the Right Hon. Lord Rutherford, O.M.
9001:
8581:
7494:
6780:
5841:
5462:
5386:
4373:
4281:
4110:
4068:
3850:
3763:
3717:
3618:
3484:"For his contributions to optics, especially by establishing the principles of
3367:
3101:
2912:
2874:
2775:
1978:
1860:
1417:
997:
969:
618:
268:
189:
160:
152:
99:
9549:
9523:
9414:
9280:
8776:
7582:
7464:
7402:
7122:
6878:
6576:
6496:
6325:
5950:
5329:
5213:
4664:, how small fluctuations in the early universe develop into today’s galaxies."
4531:
3964:, especially in the physical properties of liquids and the development of the
2213:
1996:"For their investigation of the phenomena produced outside a highly exhausted
1958:"For his researches on the properties of matter at extremely low temperatures"
1691:
1011:
435:
14545:
14287:
14261:
14123:
14091:
14027:
13962:
13898:
13834:
13769:
13704:
13639:
13575:
13543:
13511:
13446:
13372:
13354:
13278:
13204:
13161:
12965:
12936:
12486:
12406:
12319:
12289:
12218:
12163:
12079:
12015:
11975:
11911:
11847:
11804:
11691:
11603:
11539:
11430:
11366:
11261:
11166:
11053:
10953:
10885:
10784:
10716:
10648:
10580:
10512:
10444:
10376:
10307:
10299:
10256:
10188:
10120:
10052:
9984:
9916:
9839:
9788:
9724:
9665:
9601:
9531:
9483:
9345:
9216:
9118:
9040:
8964:
8913:
8849:
8831:
8796:
8749:
8675:
8612:
8556:
8485:
8424:
8379:
8319:
8241:
8193:
8129:
8067:
8002:
7938:
7874:
7810:
7746:
7692:
7660:
7651:
7634:
7600:
7533:
7329:
7285:
7224:
7172:
7048:
6988:
6928:
6831:
6724:
6626:
6454:
6421:
6372:
6270:
6166:
6093:
6085:
6041:
5785:
5681:
5627:
5619:
5580:
5512:
5425:
5274:
5256:
5153:
5112:
4967:
4722:
4623:
4540:
4419:
4415:
4361:
4342:
4045:
3984:
3725:
3724:
helium and his development of new techniques for precise measurements within
3721:
3660:
3576:
3557:
3395:
3152:
3110:
3087:
3068:
2992:
2667:
2569:
2550:
2450:
2251:
2157:
1837:
1677:
1578:
1190:
288:
276:
236:
201:
140:
109:
56:
31:
13733:"Top awards for materials expert and a physicist who is manipulating matter"
9288:
7608:
7130:
5221:
1531:
1292:"For his Researches on the Composition of Colours, and other Optical papers"
556:"For his Essay on Dew, published in the course of the preceding (1815) year"
14434:
14414:
14378:
14256:
13363:
13304:
13013:
12887:
12823:
12716:
12616:
12516:
12436:
12364:
12087:
12023:
11919:
11855:
11683:
10323:
9847:
9430:
8840:
8817:
8432:
8259:
8209:
8145:
7762:
7718:
7480:
7345:
7301:
6847:
6750:
6398:
6174:
6119:
6057:
6009:
5908:
5689:
5571:
5552:
5265:
5242:
5093:
4867:
4841:
4837:
4632:
4601:
4502:
4431:
4333:
4262:
4243:
3456:
2903:
2489:
2129:
1893:
1616:
1517:
1350:
1209:
1126:
1039:
576:
280:
197:
12732:
12532:
12452:
11460:
11083:
10824:
8723:
6765:
5826:
1767:
1558:"For his spectroscopic researches on the sun and on the chemical elements"
1303:
598:
and Flame, published in the last volume of the Philosophical Transactions"
14439:
14429:
14398:
7263:
6863:
6809:
6561:
6310:
5935:
5307:
Scientific Institutions and Practice in France and Britain, c.1700–c.1870
4854:
4833:
4450:
4365:
3816:
3595:
2969:
2756:
2714:
2611:
2072:"For his researches in radiation and in the relations between matter and
1997:
1940:
1232:
1152:
264:
228:
167:
7455:
5081:
4923:
At the time of the award, Rutherford was living in Montreal, working at
743:
267:. The medal has been awarded to multiple individuals twice: in 1896, to
14483:
14419:
13894:"Royal Society announces 2020 winners of prestigious medals and awards"
12724:
12624:
12524:
12444:
12372:
9377:"A Living Work of Art" – The Life and Science of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
7089:"Arbiters of Victorian science – George Gabriel Stokes and Joshua King"
6158:
5900:
4675:
4479:
3911:
3609:
3485:
3143:
2865:
2592:
2278:"On the ground of his investigations in optical and electrical science"
2045:
1455:
1223:
595:
477:
256:
13021:
12957:
12895:
12095:
12031:
11927:
11863:
11795:
11699:
11358:
11253:
8857:
8250:
7701:
7233:
7181:
7057:
6997:
6937:
6733:
6635:
6381:
6279:
6102:
5794:
5697:
5636:
5521:
5282:
4387:
3651:
1676:, and especially for his determination of the radial component of the
609:
13442:"Neurobiologist wins Royal Society award to promote women in science"
12831:
12281:
12210:
12155:
11594:
11531:
11421:
11157:
11044:
10944:
10876:
10775:
10707:
10639:
10571:
10503:
10435:
10367:
10247:
10179:
10111:
10043:
9975:
9907:
9780:
9716:
9657:
9593:
9474:
9336:
9208:
9149:"Exploring Radioactivity: Rutherford at McGill University, 1898–1907"
9110:
9031:
8972:
8905:
8667:
8603:
8548:
8371:
8311:
8185:
8120:
7994:
7930:
7866:
7802:
7524:
6488:
5416:
5311:
5033:
5002:
3956:"In recognition of his wide-ranging and imaginative contributions to
3243:
3014:, which have greatly influenced the development of the various types"
1795:
875:
833:
771:
248:
179:
14226:
4832:
This number includes three scientists of mixed background. They are
3935:
3636:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the theory of
3447:
3059:
170:. The medal is awarded with a cash prize of £2,000. British painter
51:
8038:
Un globe-trotter de la physique céleste – L’astronome Jules Janssen
3129:
2161:
1379:
945:
770:"For his paper, entitled, 'Further Experiments with a new Register
671:
463:
120:
https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/rumford-medal
13991:"Prestigious award for leading cosmologist from Durham University"
9406:
8781:
Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
8741:
8059:
8034:
The Astronomer Jules Janssen – A Globetrotter of Celestial Physics
7394:
7114:
5827:"Oxford DNB article: Wells, William Charles (subscription needed)"
5668:"The Royal Society and the foundation of the British Gas Industry"
5448:"Oxford DNB article: Thompson, Sir Benjamin (subscription needed)"
4936:
At the time of the award, Bowden was living in the United Kingdom.
3010:"In recognition of his important contributions to research on the
2625:
1569:
14087:"The Royal Society announces this year's medal and award winners"
14023:"The Royal Society announces this year's medal and award winners"
13830:"Recipients of Royal Society medals and awards in 2019 announced"
13765:"Recipients of Royal Society medals and awards in 2018 announced"
11461:"Oxford DNB article:Newitt, Dudley Maurice (subscription needed)"
4423:
4059:
3409:
2480:
2312:"For his researches on radiation, especially of long wave-length"
1851:
252:
244:
224:
13635:"Royal Society announces winner of world's oldest science prize"
9272:
7639:
Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers
5243:"Catalogue of the Medals in the Possession of The Royal Society"
5205:
4888:
Fresnel was awarded the Rumford Medal for the year 1824 in 1827.
2541:
2441:
331:
196:, founded this"), with the Roman numeral MDCCXCVI (1796) on the
14185:
5145:
A History of the Royal Society – With Memoirs of the Presidents
2530:"For his researches into the properties of gases at high vacua"
1499:
1143:
699:
260:
232:
220:
6562:"Oxford DNB article:Forbes, James David (subscription needed)"
4790:"For his seminal contributions to theoretical developments of
4086:"In recognition of his leading research in the development of
1931:
1697:
11638:
10819:
7635:"Obituary. John Tyndall, D.C.L., LL.D., M.D., FRS, 1820-1893"
5875:"Unorthodoxies in the First Formulation of Natural Selection"
5049:
4740:"For pioneering contributions to the fundamental physics and
4364:
ultrafast lasers and nonlinear fibre optics, including fibre
3291:
3280:"For his distinguished researches in spectroscopy and optics"
2427:
363:
240:
6864:"Oxford DNB article: Faraday, Michael (subscription needed)"
6414:"Macedonio Melloni between physics and political commitment"
2219:
14151:"Five Oxford scientists honoured with Royal Society Awards"
11634:"Penney, William, Baron Penney of East Hendred (1909–1991)"
5354:"Professor Polina Bayvel honoured with Royal Society medal"
5190:. Vol. 1. London: Seaby Publications Ltd. p. 98.
4297:
2983:
2705:
2399:
2135:
1098:
359:
159:. The award was created in 1796 after Thompson transferred
4960:"The Royal Society Medals and Awards: Nomination guidance"
3910:
to give useful electronic devices, such as cost-effective
2795:
1773:
785:
216:
or political considerations of the Royal Society Council.
14055:"Professorial Fellow awarded Royal Society Rumford Medal"
8952:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
8229:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
7680:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
7160:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
7036:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6976:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6916:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6712:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6614:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6360:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6258:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6077:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
5773:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
5611:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
5500:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
2329:
1899:
1735:
287:, who received it in 2024. British academic and engineer
13926:"NPL Senior Fellow wins prestigious Royal Society Award"
7433:
Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
4681:
3331:
1537:
1104:
1017:
749:
677:
535:
13338:"Richard Newland Dixon. 25 December 1930 – 25 May 2021"
8474:
Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, Supplementi
3741:
3373:
3297:
3187:
1461:
1000:, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1846"
13475:"Royal Society honours for College natural scientists"
3695:
3259:
3221:
2833:
2589:
2405:
2051:
1271:
483:
13798:"Royal Society medals go to three Imperial academics"
9073:. No. 36940. London. 2 December 1902. p. 6.
7212:
Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society of London
6664:
6207:
5722:
4221:
3501:
923:
881:
839:
59:(Sir Benjamin Thompson), for whom the award is named.
13346:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
3881:
2673:
2181:
1794:"For his researches on the spectrum by means of the
791:
337:
13862:"Two UofG scientists honoured by The Royal Society"
5018:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
4019:
3535:
2694:"For his contributions to the knowledge of spectra"
1385:
1309:
68:"outstanding contributions in the field of physics"
13262:
13188:
12929:
11470:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
11459:
11287:
11093:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
11082:
9246:
6862:
6775:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
6764:
6560:
6320:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
6309:
6134:
5945:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
5934:
5825:
5457:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
5446:
5001:
4393:
2631:
2291:
2257:
2093:
2018:
1815:
1651:
1423:
975:
504:"For his discoveries of certain new Properties of
441:
9257:. pp. 105, 116–117, 119, 120, 123–124, 128.
7567:"Preparing the Ground for Delving into the Stars"
5387:"Rumford and the Royal Institution: A Retrospect"
4870:, who is of mixed background (Hungarian/British).
4280:"For his extensive and highly innovative work in
4107:
4065:
3847:
3779:
3615:
3415:
3027:
2909:
1975:
1857:
1062:
615:
14543:
14228:Awards, lectures and medals of the Royal Society
13539:"Royal Society recognises excellence in science"
13410:"Cambridge scientists honoured by Royal Society"
13001:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
12875:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
12071:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
12007:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
11903:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
11839:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
11671:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
5673:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4809:Awards, lectures and medals of the Royal Society
4719:
4537:
4322:using innovative instrumentation and techniques"
4183:
3981:
3657:
3573:
3170:"For his outstanding work in the development of
3149:
3107:
3065:
2989:
2943:
2547:
2509:
2447:
1575:
1187:
902:"For his researches in, and connected with, the
13668:"DNA pioneer Jeffreys wins Royal Society award"
8789:Budapest University of Technology and Economics
8711:Sir James Dewar, 1842-1923 – A Ruthless Chemist
7273:The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Review
6766:"Oxford DNB article: Talbot, William Henry Fox"
5065:"Notes on medals and societies granting medals"
5000:Lange, Erwin F.; Buyers, Ray F. (August 1955).
4629:
4579:
4499:
4422:, both artificial and natural to support novel
4259:
3453:
2486:
1613:
1347:
573:
8417:French National Centre for Scientific Research
8040:]. Translated by Dunlop, Storm. New York:
7361:"At Light Speed – The Birth of Interferometry"
4857:, who is of mixed background (German/British).
4447:
4318:"For his outstanding work into novel types of
3813:
2871:
2753:
2711:
2367:
1937:
1229:
1149:
812:"For his discoveries relevant to radiant heat"
393:
14212:
13305:"Bristol scientists win top chemistry awards"
11289:"Oxford DNB article:Merton, Sir Thomas Ralph"
9515:The Scientific Correspondence of H.A. Lorentz
7091:. In Knox, Kevin C.; Noakes, Richard (eds.).
6819:Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Chronicle
4339:
4149:
4046:dating extraterrestrial and terrestrial rocks
2732:"For his work relating to specific heats and
14339:Royal Society University Research Fellowship
13091:"Johnian recipients of Royal Society awards"
12198:Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences
11565:"The Royal Society of London – Medal Awards"
11298:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
11194:
8409:Bulletin Astronomique, Observatoire de Paris
6873:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
6571:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5836:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5666:Hutchison, William Kenneth (30 April 1985).
4769:
1482:"For his researches in Mineralogical Optics"
9373:"Nobel Prize and international recognition"
9371:Kox, A. J.; Schatz, H. F. (12 April 2021).
6311:"Oxford DNB article:Daniell, John Frederic"
4999:
2156:"For his success in the application of the
1920:"For his Spectroscopic Researches on Stars"
946:discoveries and improvements in photography
14219:
14205:
12811:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
12696:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
12604:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
12496:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
12416:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
12352:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
11962:"Sir John Mason, meteorologist – obituary"
11084:"Oxford DNB article:Burch, Cecil Reginald"
9576:"Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Society"
9310:"Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Society"
9002:"Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Society"
8823:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
5248:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
4762:
4712:
4674:
4622:
4572:
4530:
4386:
4332:
4142:
4058:
3650:
3608:
3446:
3408:
3366:
3290:
3142:
3100:
3058:
2982:
2902:
2864:
2788:
2746:
2704:
2666:
2624:
2540:
2502:
2479:
2440:
2436:
2398:
2360:
2250:
2212:
2174:
2128:
2086:
2044:
2011:
1968:
1964:
1930:
1892:
1850:
1808:
1766:
1728:
1690:
1644:
1606:
1568:
1530:
1492:
1454:
1416:
1378:
1340:
1302:
1264:
1222:
1180:
1142:
1097:
1055:
1010:
968:
916:
874:
832:
784:
742:
670:
608:
566:
476:
462:"For his publication of the employment of
434:
386:
330:
124:
50:
13988:
13571:"Royal Society recognises top scientists"
13362:
12187:
11794:
11593:
11420:
11156:
11043:
10943:
10875:
10774:
10706:
10638:
10570:
10502:
10434:
10366:
10246:
10178:
10110:
10042:
9974:
9906:
9473:
9370:
9335:
9030:
8839:
8704:
8602:
8249:
8119:
7700:
7650:
7523:
7454:
7232:
7180:
7056:
6996:
6936:
6732:
6634:
6380:
6278:
6101:
6029:The English Mechanic and World of Science
5793:
5665:
5635:
5570:
5520:
5415:
5264:
5080:
3128:"For his pioneering contributions to the
10287:Year-book of the Royal Society of London
8461:
6519:
6482:
5303:
5062:
3906:and for demonstrating that these can be
3716:"In recognition of his discovery of the
3352:"For his distinguished contributions to
2474:
2350:"For his researches at low temperatures"
2006:
957:
821:
731:
721:
711:
659:
649:
521:
508:, published in the Second Volume of the
423:
375:
358:"For his various Discoveries respecting
13989:Priestley, Catherine (24 August 2021).
13795:
13601:
13335:
11631:
11506:"The Royal Society : Medal Awards"
11467:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
11295:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
11285:
11228:"Royal Society – Medal Awards for 1956"
11195:McLaren, Alex C.; Spink, J. A. (2006).
11090:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
10915:"Royal Society – Medal Awards for 1950"
10815:"Simon, Sir Francis Eugene (1893–1956)"
10813:Kemsley, Rachel, ed. (September 2002).
10812:
8818:"Anniversary Meeting November 30, 1896"
8405:"The observatory. Janvier–Février 1889"
6870:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6772:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6676:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
6568:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6485:Amedeo Avogadro, a Scientific Biography
6411:
6317:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6219:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
5942:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5833:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5734:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
5454:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5003:"Medals of the Royal Society of London"
2388:"For his numerous researches in optics"
318:
315:
312:
301:List of recipients of the Rumford Medal
14:
14544:
14272:Royal Society Prizes for Science Books
13472:
13085:
13083:
12990:
12864:
12765:
12485:
12405:
8582:"The Anniversary of the Royal Society"
8028:Launay, Françoise (25 November 2011).
8027:
7564:
7086:
6814:"Literary and Scientific Intelligence"
5980:"Literary and Scientific Intelligence"
5936:"Oxford DNB article:Davy, Sir Humphry"
4360:"For his outstanding contributions to
3918:, now used in commercial, flat-panel,
14242:Armourers and Brasiers' Company Prize
14200:
14099:from the original on 1 September 2023
13730:
13680:from the original on 12 December 2022
13519:from the original on 16 November 2015
13169:from the original on 17 November 2015
11781:(5172): 1156–1157. 14 December 1968.
11503:
11345:(4646): 1344–1345. 15 November 1958.
11128:"Royal Society Medal Awards for 1954"
10794:from the original on 18 November 2023
10726:from the original on 19 November 2023
10658:from the original on 14 November 2023
10590:from the original on 17 November 2023
10454:from the original on 22 November 2023
10130:from the original on 16 November 2023
9493:from the original on 18 November 2023
9050:from the original on 14 November 2023
8982:from the original on 16 November 2020
8774:
7560:
7558:
7543:from the original on 25 November 2023
7358:
6860:
6558:
5869:
5823:
5550:
5384:
5348:
5346:
5304:Crosland, Maurice P. (31 May 2023) .
5183:
1127:Change in the Refrangibility of Light
636:"For his Discoveries relating to the
321:
294:
14552:1796 establishments in Great Britain
14353:Royal Society Research Professorship
13970:from the original on 28 October 2021
13842:from the original on 19 October 2019
13665:
13647:from the original on 7 December 2023
13285:from the original on 8 February 2022
12664:Combustion Institute British Section
12327:from the original on 1 December 2023
12268:(5676): 165–166. 14 September 1978.
11504:Young, E. H. P. (17 November 1962).
10995:from the original on 13 October 2012
8480:. Italian Astronomical Society: 33.
7573:. 0067-0057. Vol. 387. Berlin:
7262:
7087:Wilson, David B. (6 November 2003).
6808:
6483:Morselli, Mario (29 February 1984).
6132:
5138:
5040:from the original on 9 February 2022
4995:
4993:
4954:
4952:
4879:Thompson received the medal in 1804.
2160:to industrial purposes, and for its
1208:"For his discovery of the nature of
247:twice, and once each to citizens of
14067:from the original on 3 October 2023
13157:"Professor Wilson Sibbett FRS, CBE"
13080:
12188:Wilkinson, Frank (1 January 2003).
10406:"Medal Awards of the Royal Society"
10338:"Medal Awards of the Royal Society"
10165:(3185): 779–785. 15 November 1930.
10097:(3080): 738–743. 10 November 1928.
10029:(2976): 705–709. 13 November 1926.
9961:(2872): 724–728. 15 November 1924.
9893:(2768): 674–678. 18 November 1922.
9767:(2560): 229–233. 21 November 1918.
9703:(2455): 212–215. 16 November 1916.
9644:(2351): 316–319. 19 November 1914.
9511:
9241:
8777:"Philipp Lenard alias Lénárd Fülöp"
5187:British Historical Medals 1760-1960
4478:"For his pioneering work in active
4414:"For his outstanding creativity in
4128:"In recognition of his research on
4040:"In recognition of his work on the
3398:from interstellar neutral hydrogen"
3242:"For his distinguished work on the
2240:"For his experimental work on heat"
24:
14383:highest award of the Royal Society
13906:from the original on 4 August 2020
13712:from the original on 16 April 2024
13602:Jackson, Caroline (10 July 2012).
13103:from the original on 27 March 2023
12818:(1306): 147–151. 22 January 1991.
12142:(5585): 491–492. 2 December 1976.
11202:Australian Dictionary of Biography
11015:"Royal Society – Awards of Medals"
9389:10.1093/oso/9780198870500.001.0001
7555:
7377:10.1093/oso/9780192869760.001.0001
5893:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05608.x
5385:James, T. E. (19 September 1931).
5343:
5069:The Journal of the Society of Arts
4978:from the original on 22 April 2024
4748:systems that have underpinned the
1756:"For his spectroscopic researches"
466:, for the purpose of illumination"
25:
14573:
14178:
14003:from the original on 13 June 2024
13938:from the original on 13 June 2024
13810:from the original on 21 July 2018
13473:Reeves, Danielle (10 July 2008).
13422:from the original on 13 June 2024
13336:Ashford, M. N. R. (1 June 2022).
13231:"Awards, Prizes and Appointments"
13211:from the original on 7 March 2021
12972:from the original on 10 June 2024
12639:from the original on 13 June 2024
12579:from the original on 13 June 2024
12567:"Sir Denis Rooke, OM – Telegraph"
11814:from the original on 13 June 2024
11678:(1): 193–197. 30 September 1967.
11197:"Frank Philip Bowden (1903–1968)"
11063:from the original on 13 June 2024
10314:from the original on 13 June 2024
9926:from the original on 13 June 2024
9556:from the original on 13 June 2024
9460:(2141): 46–51. 10 November 1910.
9421:from the original on 13 June 2024
9352:from the original on 13 June 2024
9223:from the original on 13 June 2024
9195:(1828): 35–39. 10 November 1904.
9125:from the original on 13 June 2024
9097:(1725): 62–66. 20 November 1902.
8920:from the original on 10 June 2024
8892:(1411): 37–41. 12 November 1896.
8756:from the original on 13 June 2024
8535:(1100): 61–64. 20 November 1890.
8503:from the original on 28 June 2022
8439:from the original on 13 June 2024
8266:from the original on 13 June 2024
8200:from the original on 13 June 2024
8136:from the original on 13 June 2024
8074:from the original on 13 June 2024
7945:from the original on 13 June 2024
7881:from the original on 10 June 2024
7817:from the original on 10 June 2024
7753:from the original on 13 June 2024
7709:from the original on 13 June 2024
7615:from the original on 13 June 2024
7471:from the original on 13 June 2024
7409:from the original on 13 June 2024
7336:from the original on 13 June 2024
7292:from the original on 13 June 2024
7244:from the original on 23 June 2022
7068:from the original on 23 June 2022
7008:from the original on 23 June 2022
6948:from the original on 10 June 2024
6838:from the original on 13 June 2024
6741:from the original on 13 June 2024
6646:from the original on 8 March 2022
6464:from the original on 28 July 2020
6412:Colombi, Emanuela (29 May 2014).
6389:from the original on 13 June 2024
6290:from the original on 13 June 2024
6189:from the original on 12 June 2024
6110:from the original on 13 June 2024
6048:from the original on 13 June 2024
6000:from the original on 13 June 2024
5532:from the original on 23 June 2022
5366:from the original on 13 June 2024
5120:from the original on 4 March 2024
4990:
4949:
3939:Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley
2964:"For his outstanding work on the
2116:radiation proceeding from Uranium
1672:"For his important researches in
207:All citizens or residents of the
14184:
14159:. 28 August 2024. Archived from
14143:
14127:. 28 August 2024. Archived from
14111:
14079:
14047:
14035:from the original on 8 June 2023
14015:
13982:
13950:
13918:
13886:
13874:from the original on 8 June 2024
13854:
13822:
13796:Dunning, Hayley (19 July 2018).
13789:
13777:from the original on 8 June 2024
13757:
13745:from the original on 8 June 2024
13724:
13692:
13659:
13627:
13615:from the original on 8 June 2024
13595:
13583:from the original on 8 June 2024
13563:
13551:from the original on 7 June 2024
13531:
13499:
13466:
13454:from the original on 7 June 2024
13434:
13402:
13390:from the original on 7 June 2024
13329:
13317:from the original on 7 June 2024
13297:
13255:
13223:
13181:
13149:
13115:
13048:
13036:from the original on 7 June 2024
12984:
12922:
12910:from the original on 7 June 2024
12858:
12846:from the original on 7 June 2024
12798:
12759:
12747:from the original on 7 June 2024
12683:
12651:
12591:
12559:
12547:from the original on 7 June 2024
12479:
12467:from the original on 7 June 2024
12399:
12387:from the original on 7 June 2024
12339:
12307:
12248:
12236:from the original on 7 June 2024
12181:
12122:
12110:from the original on 7 June 2024
12058:
12046:from the original on 7 June 2024
11994:
11982:from the original on 27 May 2024
11954:
11942:from the original on 7 June 2024
11890:
11878:from the original on 7 June 2024
11826:
11758:
11726:
11714:from the original on 7 June 2024
11658:
11632:Tancell, Julie (December 2000).
11625:
11613:from the original on 7 June 2024
11557:
11497:
11452:
11440:from the original on 7 June 2024
11384:
11325:
11279:
11240:(4542): 1095. 17 November 1956.
11220:
11188:
11176:from the original on 7 June 2024
11120:
11075:
11007:
10975:
10963:from the original on 7 June 2024
10907:
10895:from the original on 7 June 2024
10839:
10806:
10738:
10670:
10602:
10534:
10522:from the original on 7 June 2024
10466:
10398:
10386:from the original on 7 June 2024
10330:
10278:
10266:from the original on 7 June 2024
10210:
10198:from the original on 7 June 2024
10142:
10074:
10062:from the original on 7 June 2024
9994:from the original on 7 June 2024
9854:from the original on 7 June 2024
9731:from the original on 7 June 2024
9608:from the original on 6 June 2024
9163:from the original on 5 July 2017
8682:from the original on 6 June 2024
8654:(1306): 35–39. 8 November 1894.
8622:from the original on 6 June 2024
8358:(891): 83–85. 25 November 1886.
8326:from the original on 5 June 2024
8298:(786): 62–65. 20 November 1884.
8009:from the original on 5 June 2024
7917:(264): 55–58. 19 November 1874.
7853:(159): 34–35. 14 November 1872.
6540:from the original on 11 May 2020
5915:from the original on 5 June 2024
5805:from the original on 5 June 2024
5704:from the original on 5 June 2024
5647:from the original on 5 June 2024
4930:
4781:
4731:
4693:
4650:
4641:
4600:"For his development of optical
4591:
4549:
4511:
4468:
4459:
4405:
4351:
4309:
4271:
4233:
4195:
4161:
4119:
4077:
4031:
3993:
3947:
3893:
3859:
3825:
3791:
3753:
3707:
3669:
3627:
3585:
3547:
3513:
3474:
3465:
3427:
3385:
3343:
3309:
3271:
3233:
3199:
3161:
3119:
3077:
3039:
3001:
2955:
2921:
2883:
2845:
2807:
2765:
2723:
2685:
2643:
2601:
2582:
2559:
2521:
2459:
2417:
2379:
2341:
2322:
2303:
2269:
2231:
2193:
2147:
2105:
2063:
2030:
1987:
1949:
1911:
1869:
1827:
1785:
1747:
1709:
1663:
1625:
1587:
1549:
1507:
1473:
1435:
1397:
1359:
1321:
1283:
1252:Experimental Researches on Light
1241:
1199:
1161:
1116:
1074:
1029:
987:
935:
893:
851:
803:
761:
689:
627:
585:
547:
495:
453:
405:
349:
151:, who is noted for his works on
92:
27:Award by Britain's Royal Society
12611:(1839): 249–253. 9 April 1987.
11580:(4960): 728. 21 November 1964.
11407:(4750): 536. 12 November 1960.
11143:(4437): 908. 13 November 1954.
11030:(4333): 826. 15 November 1952.
10930:(4230): 889. 25 November 1950.
10862:(4125): 807. 20 November 1948.
10761:(4022): 781. 30 November 1946.
10693:(3915): 602. 11 November 1944.
10625:(3811): 571. 14 November 1942.
10557:(3708): 679. 23 November 1940.
10489:(3602): 865. 12 November 1938.
10421:(3498): 833. 14 November 1936.
10353:(3393): 727. 10 November 1934.
10233:(3289): 730. 12 November 1932.
10006:
9938:
9870:
9826:(1357): 633. 30 December 1920.
9806:
9747:
9683:
9624:
9588:(2247): 337. 21 November 1912.
9568:
9505:
9437:
9364:
9302:
9235:
9175:
9141:
9077:
9062:
8994:
8936:
8872:
8810:
8768:
8698:
8634:
8574:
8515:
8455:
8397:
8338:
8278:
8216:
8152:
8086:
8021:
7981:(367): 50–52. 9 November 1876.
7961:
7897:
7833:
7789:(54): 34–36. 10 November 1870.
7769:
7725:
7667:
7627:
7565:Shaviv, Giora (13 April 2012).
7487:
7421:
7359:Nolte, David D. (17 May 2023).
7352:
7308:
7256:
7196:
7144:
7080:
7020:
6960:
6900:
6854:
6802:
6757:
6699:
6658:
6598:
6552:
6513:
6476:
6405:
6347:
6302:
6242:
6201:
6126:
6064:
6016:
5972:
5927:
5863:
5817:
5757:
5716:
5659:
5595:
5544:
5484:
5439:
5378:
5063:Simmonds, P. L. (9 July 1875).
4917:
4908:
4891:
4882:
4873:
4860:
4847:
4560:Einstein-Padolsky-Rosen paradox
4418:, investigating many ingenious
291:is the only female recipient.
202:wreath of oak and laurel leaves
14318:Wilkins-Bernal-Medawar Lecture
13239:. January 2003. Archived from
12768:"Walter Eric Spear – Obituary"
11734:"Dennis Gabor – Autobiography"
11392:"Royal Society – Medal Awards"
11333:"Royal Society – Medal Awards"
11207:Australian National University
10983:"Frits Zernike – Biographical"
10847:"Royal Society – Medal Awards"
10746:"Royal Society – Medal Awards"
10678:"Royal Society – Medal Awards"
9322:(1936): 132. 6 December 1906.
9017:(1623): 138. 6 December 1900.
8597:(1205): 107. 1 December 1892.
8094:"The Royal Society Medallists"
7741:(2249): 725. 3 December 1870.
7324:(1623): 723. 4 December 1858.
6861:James, Frank A. J. L. (2004).
6036:(152): 480. 21 February 1868.
5985:Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine
5830:. In Bergin, Catherine (ed.).
5297:
5235:
5177:
5132:
5100:
5056:
4826:
4606:quantum information processing
2610:"For his invention of the gas
2162:recent extension to navigation
904:circular Polarization of Light
13:
1:
13731:Smith, Colin (20 July 2016).
13666:Else, Holly (6 August 2014).
12359:(1756): 1–2. 7 January 1981.
12315:"Professor William Vinen FRS"
11292:. In Falconer, Isobel (ed.).
9864:Biodiversity Heritage Library
9832:10.1126/science.52.1357.633.a
9814:"Medals of the Royal Society"
9741:Biodiversity Heritage Library
9618:Biodiversity Heritage Library
9253:. Cambridge, United Kingdom:
9157:American Institute of Physics
9135:Biodiversity Heritage Library
8930:Biodiversity Heritage Library
8834:: 313–314. 31 December 1897.
8692:Biodiversity Heritage Library
8172:(577): 63. 18 November 1880.
8106:(472): 39. 14 November 1878.
7955:Biodiversity Heritage Library
7891:Biodiversity Heritage Library
7827:Biodiversity Heritage Library
7510:(626): 601. 27 October 1881.
7095:. Cambridge, United Kingdom:
4943:
4660:"For revealing via elaborate
4430:, solar cell performance and
14523:UK-Canada Rutherford Lecture
13931:National Physical Laboratory
13507:"Professor Edward Hinds FRS"
13131:National Chemical Laboratory
13096:St John's College, Cambridge
13061:The University of Manchester
12575:. London. 5 September 2008.
11491:UK public library membership
11319:UK public library membership
11114:UK public library membership
10610:"Royal Society Medal Awards"
8959:: i–xvii. 31 December 1899.
7167:: i–viii. 31 December 1852.
6894:UK public library membership
6796:UK public library membership
6592:UK public library membership
6489:D. Reidel Publishing Company
6341:UK public library membership
6265:: iii–iv. 31 December 1827.
6088:: iii–iv. 31 December 1819.
5966:UK public library membership
5857:UK public library membership
5780:: iii–iv. 31 December 1811.
5622:: iii–iv. 31 December 1805.
5507:: iii–iv. 31 December 1803.
5478:UK public library membership
4796:
4768:
4754:
4718:
4704:
4680:
4666:
4628:
4614:
4578:
4564:
4536:
4522:
4498:
4495:
4488:
4446:
4443:
4436:
4392:
4378:
4338:
4324:
4296:
4293:
4286:
4258:
4255:
4248:
4220:
4217:
4210:
4182:
4179:
4172:
4148:
4134:
4106:
4103:
4096:
4064:
4050:
4018:
4015:
4008:
3980:
3977:
3970:
3934:
3931:
3924:
3880:
3877:
3870:
3846:
3843:
3836:
3812:
3809:
3802:
3778:
3775:
3768:
3740:
3737:
3730:
3694:
3691:
3684:
3656:
3642:
3614:
3600:
3572:
3569:
3562:
3534:
3531:
3524:
3500:
3497:
3490:
3452:
3438:
3414:
3400:
3372:
3358:
3330:
3327:
3320:
3296:
3282:
3258:
3255:
3248:
3220:
3217:
3210:
3186:
3183:
3176:
3148:
3134:
3106:
3092:
3064:
3050:
3026:
3023:
3016:
2988:
2974:
2942:
2939:
2932:
2908:
2894:
2870:
2856:
2832:
2829:
2822:
2794:
2780:
2752:
2738:
2710:
2696:
2672:
2658:
2630:
2616:
2588:
2574:
2546:
2532:
2508:
2485:
2446:
2432:
2404:
2390:
2366:
2352:
2328:
2314:
2290:
2287:
2280:
2256:
2242:
2218:
2204:
2180:
2166:
2134:
2120:
2092:
2078:
2050:
2017:
1974:
1960:
1936:
1922:
1898:
1884:
1856:
1842:
1814:
1800:
1772:
1758:
1734:
1720:
1696:
1682:
1650:
1636:
1612:
1598:
1574:
1560:
1536:
1522:
1498:
1484:
1460:
1446:
1422:
1408:
1384:
1370:
1346:
1332:
1308:
1294:
1270:
1256:
1228:
1214:
1186:
1172:
1148:
1134:
1103:
1089:
1085:Academy of Sciences of Paris
1061:
1047:
1016:
1002:
974:
950:
922:
908:
880:
866:
838:
814:
790:
776:
748:
704:
676:
642:
614:
600:
572:
558:
534:
531:
514:
482:
468:
440:
416:
392:
368:
336:
139:is an award bestowed by the
7:
14562:Awards of the Royal Society
14350:Newton Advanced Fellowships
14347:Senior Research Fellowships
14334:Fellow of the Royal Society
14313:Rutherford Memorial Lecture
13056:"Prof Grenville Turner FRS"
12703:(1862): 1–6. 8 March 1989.
12667:. July 2008. Archived from
9946:"Current Topics and Events"
9878:"Current Topics and Events"
9512:Kox, A. J. (27 July 2018).
8775:Pallo, G. (28 March 1987).
7268:"The Monthly Intelligencer"
7043:: i–vii. 31 December 1850.
6923:: i–vii. 31 December 1846.
6719:: i–xii. 31 December 1840.
6367:: iii–v. 31 December 1833.
5184:Brown, Laurence A. (1980).
4802:
3638:irreversible thermodynamics
1701:William de Wiveleslie Abney
1125:"For his 'Discovery of the
298:
10:
14578:
14267:Royal Society Africa Prize
12944:(11): 105. November 1992.
12776:Royal Society of Edinburgh
10542:"Royal Society Medallists"
10218:"Royal Society Medallists"
9379:. Oxford, United Kingdom:
9255:Cambridge University Press
9153:Rutherford's Nuclear World
8236:: i–ix. 31 December 1882.
7575:Springer Berlin Heidelberg
7367:. Oxford, United Kingdom:
7219:: i–vi. 31 December 1854.
7097:Cambridge University Press
6621:: i–vi. 31 December 1838.
6425:(in Italian and English).
5551:Craik, Alex D. D. (2020).
4042:40Ar/39Ar method of dating
3598:in the fracture of metals"
3012:internal combustion engine
1880:electro-magnetic radiation
1087:during the last two years"
996:"For his discovery of the
862:Royal Society of Edinburgh
29:
14526:Blackett Memorial Lecture
14463:
14407:
14369:
14326:
14280:
14234:
13123:"Prof Sir Richard Friend"
12082:: 107–112. 31 July 1977.
12018:: 105–109. 31 July 1975.
11914:: 145–149. 30 June 1973.
11850:: 113–118. 30 June 1971.
9524:10.1007/978-3-319-90329-3
7583:10.1007/978-3-642-28385-7
6983:: i–v. 31 December 1848.
6497:10.1007/978-94-009-6265-1
6447:10.1393/ncc/i2014-11812-5
6133:Kahr, Bart (April 2018).
5359:University College London
5259:: 534. 31 December 1892.
4758:
4708:
4670:
4618:
4568:
4526:
4492:
4440:
4382:
4328:
4290:
4252:
4214:
4176:
4138:
4100:
4088:polymer-based electronics
4054:
4012:
4004:polymeric crystallization
3974:
3928:
3874:
3840:
3806:
3772:
3734:
3688:
3646:
3604:
3566:
3528:
3494:
3442:
3404:
3362:
3324:
3286:
3252:
3214:
3180:
3172:phase-contrast microscopy
3138:
3096:
3054:
3020:
2978:
2936:
2898:
2860:
2826:
2818:adiabatic demagnetisation
2784:
2742:
2700:
2662:
2620:
2578:
2536:
2498:
2467:
2457:
2394:
2356:
2318:
2284:
2246:
2223:Hugh Longbourne Callendar
2208:
2170:
2124:
2082:
2040:
1995:
1926:
1888:
1846:
1804:
1762:
1724:
1686:
1674:astronomical spectroscopy
1640:
1602:
1564:
1526:
1488:
1450:
1412:
1374:
1336:
1298:
1260:
1218:
1176:
1138:
1093:
1051:
1006:
964:
954:
912:
870:
828:
818:
780:
738:
728:
718:
708:
666:
656:
646:
604:
562:
528:
518:
472:
430:
420:
382:
372:
326:
309:
306:
155:and for establishing the
115:
105:
87:
72:
64:
49:
44:
11286:Hartley, Harold (2004).
7652:10.1680/imotp.1894.19995
6681:University of St Andrews
6520:Berti, Lucia (2018–19).
6431:Italian Physical Society
6224:University of St Andrews
6136:"Polarization in France"
5739:University of St Andrews
5310:(1st ed.). London:
5154:10.1017/CBO9780511920479
4840:(Hungarian/British) and
4819:
4301:Gilbert George Lonzarich
4132:science and technology."
2966:physics of the upper air
2139:Charles Algernon Parsons
2114:"For his discoveries in
30:Not to be confused with
14308:Rosalind Franklin Award
13803:Imperial College London
13738:Imperial College London
13608:Imperial College London
13480:Imperial College London
13415:University of Cambridge
13236:University of Cambridge
12766:Fitzgerald, Alexander.
9381:Oxford University Press
7369:Oxford University Press
6214:"Augustin Jean Fresnel"
4792:cosmic ray acceleration
4612:and Earth observation."
4130:ultra-short pulse laser
2968:and its application to
2799:Wander Johannes de Haas
2470:contributions to optics
2426:"For his researches in
1777:Samuel Pierpont Langley
1516:"For his Researches on
209:Commonwealth of Nations
14532:Claude Bernard Lecture
13673:Times Higher Education
13364:10.1098/rsbm.2022.0005
13270:Times Higher Education
13264:"Royal Society medals"
13196:Times Higher Education
13014:10.1098/rsnr.1995.0010
12888:10.1098/rsnr.1993.0010
12824:10.1098/rspb.1991.0001
12717:10.1098/rspa.1989.0017
12617:10.1098/rspa.1987.0037
12517:10.1098/rspb.1985.0009
12437:10.1098/rspb.1983.0001
12365:10.1098/rspa.1981.0008
12088:10.1098/rsnr.1977.0009
12024:10.1098/rsnr.1975.0009
11920:10.1098/rsnr.1973.0011
11856:10.1098/rsnr.1971.0011
11684:10.1098/rsnr.1967.0017
11476:10.1093/ref:odnb/31493
11304:10.1093/ref:odnb/34998
11099:10.1093/ref:odnb/30876
10474:"Royal Society Awards"
8841:10.1098/rspl.1896.0050
6781:10.1093/ref:odnb/26946
5842:10.1093/ref:odnb/29020
5824:Moore, Norman (2004).
5690:10.1098/rsnr.1985.0012
5572:10.1006/hmat.1999.2264
5463:10.1093/ref:odnb/27255
5266:10.1098/rspl.1891.0068
5009:The Scientific Monthly
4814:List of physics awards
4750:information technology
4426:phenomena relevant to
3966:Temperley-Lieb algebra
3718:quantum of circulation
2778:to chemical reactions"
2333:Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
1903:Nils Christoffer Dunér
1739:Tobias Robertus Thalén
14509:Tercentenary Lectures
14504:Pilgrim Trust Lecture
14252:Michael Faraday Prize
14247:GlaxoSmithKline Prize
14060:Jesus College, Oxford
13867:University of Glasgow
13604:"Congratulations ..."
13310:University of Bristol
13199:. 15 September 2000.
12066:"The Society's Notes"
12002:"The Society's Notes"
11898:"The Society's Notes"
11834:"The Society's Notes"
11666:"The Society's Notes"
10294:. 1933. p. 162.
8724:10.4324/9781315609218
7495:"Scientific Worthies"
7439:. Boston: 392. 1880.
7429:"James Clerk Maxwell"
6879:10.1093/ref:odnb/9153
6577:10.1093/ref:odnb/9832
6559:Smart, R. N. (2004).
6326:10.1093/ref:odnb/7124
5951:10.1093/ref:odnb/7314
5729:"Étienne Louis Malus"
5140:Weld, Charles Richard
4866:This number includes
4853:This number includes
4746:optical communication
4685:Raymond Pierrehumbert
4484:optical metamaterials
3916:thin film transistors
3335:Dudley Maurice Newitt
2654:terrestrial magnetism
1541:Joseph Norman Lockyer
1501:Anders Jonas Ångström
1108:George Gabriel Stokes
1021:Henri Victor Regnault
753:John Frederic Daniell
681:Augustin-Jean Fresnel
539:William Charles Wells
14529:Humphry Davy Lecture
14356:Industry Fellowships
14193:at Wikimedia Commons
14156:University of Oxford
12489:(22 February 1985).
8716:Taylor & Francis
7099:. pp. 310–311.
6671:"Jean Baptiste Biot"
6024:"Sir David Brewster"
5996:: 523. August 1817.
5558:Historia Mathematica
5148:. pp. 218–220.
4662:computer simulations
4610:satellite navigation
3914:and large arrays of
3745:Charles Gorrie Wynne
3377:Hendrik van de Hulst
3354:chemical engineering
3301:Alfred Gordon Gaydon
3191:Cecil Reginald Burch
2570:researches in optics
2002:electrical discharge
1465:Alfred Des Cloizeaux
204:bound with ribbons.
14298:Leeuwenhoek Lecture
13190:"Glittering Prizes"
13137:on 20 February 2012
13127:NCL Innovation Park
12994:(31 January 1995).
12950:1992PhT....45k.105.
12868:(31 January 1993).
12709:1989RSPSA.422....1.
12572:The Daily Telegraph
12509:1985RSPSB.223..403.
12429:1983RSPSB.217..117.
12409:(22 January 1983).
12274:1978Natur.275..165.
12148:1976Natur.264..491.
11970:. 15 January 2015.
11967:The Daily Telegraph
11787:1968Natur.220.1156.
11586:1964Natur.204Q.728.
11524:1962Natur.196..619Y
11413:1960Natur.188Q.536.
11351:1958Natur.182R1344.
11246:1956Natur.178S1094.
11149:1954Natur.174R.908.
11036:1952Natur.170Q.826.
10936:1950Natur.166R.889.
10868:1948Natur.162R.807.
10827:on 18 February 2012
10767:1946Natur.158R.781.
10699:1944Natur.154R.602.
10631:1942Natur.150Q.571.
10563:1940Natur.146Q.679.
10495:1938Natur.142R.865.
10427:1936Natur.138Q.833.
10359:1934Natur.134Q.727.
10239:1932Natur.130Q.730.
10171:1930Natur.126R.779.
10103:1928Natur.122R.738.
10035:1926Natur.118..705.
9967:1924Natur.114S.724.
9899:1922Natur.110R.674.
9773:1918Natur.102..229.
9709:1916Natur..98..212.
9650:1914Natur..94..316.
9466:1910Natur..85...46.
9328:1906Natur..75..130.
9201:1904Natur..71...35.
9103:1902Natur..67...62.
9023:1900Natur..63R.135.
8898:1896Natur..55...37.
8660:1894Natur..51...35.
8541:1890Natur..43...61.
8364:1886Natur..35...83.
8304:1884Natur..31...62.
8178:1880Natur..23...62.
8112:1880Natur..23...62.
7987:1876Natur..15...50.
7923:1874Natur..11...55.
7859:1872Natur...7...34.
7795:1870Natur...3...34.
7645:(1894): 343. 1894.
7516:1881Natur..24Q.601.
6531:University of Milan
6439:2014NCimC..37d.285C
5408:1931Natur.128..476J
5026:1955SciMo..81...85L
4971:. 2024. p. 6.
4486:with quantum gain."
3962:statistical physics
3958:applied mathematics
3699:William Frank Vinen
3396:21 cm spectral line
3263:Thomas Ralph Merton
3225:Frank Philip Bowden
2837:Ernest George Coker
2593:Charles Vernon Boys
2409:William Henry Bragg
2055:Oliver Joseph Lodge
1275:James Clerk Maxwell
594:"For his Papers on
487:Étienne-Louis Malus
303:
213:Republic of Ireland
14095:. 24 August 2023.
14063:. 24 August 2022.
14031:. 23 August 2022.
13966:. 24 August 2021.
13068:on 13 October 2008
9383:. pp. 98–99.
6159:10.1002/chir.22818
5871:Gould, Stephen Jay
5813:– via JSTOR.
5712:– via JSTOR.
5362:. 30 August 2023.
4844:(Mexican/British).
4836:(German/British),
4428:Raman spectroscopy
4225:Jean-Pierre Hansen
3922:colour TV screens"
3505:Christopher Hinton
3244:nature of friction
2734:X-ray spectroscopy
1838:physics of the sun
927:William Fox Talbot
885:Jean-Baptiste Biot
843:James David Forbes
510:Mémoires d'Arcueil
299:
295:List of recipients
14539:
14538:
14475:Esso Energy Award
14189:Media related to
14163:on 28 August 2024
14131:on 30 August 2024
13996:The Northern Echo
13934:. 4 August 2020.
13902:. 4 August 2020.
13643:. 5 August 2014.
13313:. 5 August 2004.
13243:on 13 August 2003
12958:10.1063/1.2809889
12671:on 2 October 2011
12503:(1233): 403–416.
12423:(1207): 117–128.
11796:10.1038/2201156b0
11518:(4855): 619–620.
11489:(Subscription or
11359:10.1038/1821344b0
11317:(Subscription or
11254:10.1038/1781094c0
11112:(Subscription or
10292:Harrison and Sons
9541:978-3-319-90329-3
9398:978-0-19-887050-0
9264:978-1-107-67881-1
9069:"Royal Society".
8733:978-1-315-60921-8
8051:978-1-4614-0696-9
8042:Springer New York
7592:978-3-642-28385-7
7386:978-0-19-286976-0
6892:(Subscription or
6794:(Subscription or
6665:O'Connor, J. J.;
6590:(Subscription or
6506:978-94-009-6267-5
6339:(Subscription or
6208:O'Connor, J. J.;
5964:(Subscription or
5855:(Subscription or
5723:O'Connor, J. J.;
5476:(Subscription or
4925:McGill University
4899:rebellion of 1831
4800:
4799:
4608:, space science,
4282:ultra-cold matter
4206:photodissociation
3904:amorphous silicon
3885:Walter Eric Spear
3558:physics of clouds
2677:Friedrich Paschen
2185:Ernest Rutherford
1878:"For his work in
1518:Spectral Analysis
1250:"For his various
795:Macedonio Melloni
341:Benjamin Thompson
227:seven times, the
194:Holy Roman Empire
157:Royal Institution
145:Benjamin Thompson
133:
132:
16:(Redirected from
14569:
14445:Leverhulme Medal
14345:Leverhulme Trust
14303:Paterson Lecture
14221:
14214:
14207:
14198:
14197:
14188:
14173:
14172:
14170:
14168:
14147:
14141:
14140:
14138:
14136:
14115:
14109:
14108:
14106:
14104:
14083:
14077:
14076:
14074:
14072:
14051:
14045:
14044:
14042:
14040:
14019:
14013:
14012:
14010:
14008:
13986:
13980:
13979:
13977:
13975:
13954:
13948:
13947:
13945:
13943:
13922:
13916:
13915:
13913:
13911:
13890:
13884:
13883:
13881:
13879:
13870:. 18 July 2019.
13858:
13852:
13851:
13849:
13847:
13838:. 17 July 2019.
13826:
13820:
13819:
13817:
13815:
13793:
13787:
13786:
13784:
13782:
13773:. 19 July 2018.
13761:
13755:
13754:
13752:
13750:
13728:
13722:
13721:
13719:
13717:
13708:. 19 July 2016.
13696:
13690:
13689:
13687:
13685:
13663:
13657:
13656:
13654:
13652:
13631:
13625:
13624:
13622:
13620:
13599:
13593:
13592:
13590:
13588:
13579:. 10 July 2012.
13567:
13561:
13560:
13558:
13556:
13535:
13529:
13528:
13526:
13524:
13503:
13497:
13496:
13494:
13492:
13487:on 6 August 2019
13483:. Archived from
13470:
13464:
13463:
13461:
13459:
13450:. 20 July 2006.
13438:
13432:
13431:
13429:
13427:
13418:. 27 July 2006.
13406:
13400:
13399:
13397:
13395:
13389:
13366:
13342:
13333:
13327:
13326:
13324:
13322:
13301:
13295:
13294:
13292:
13290:
13266:
13259:
13253:
13252:
13250:
13248:
13227:
13221:
13220:
13218:
13216:
13192:
13185:
13179:
13178:
13176:
13174:
13153:
13147:
13146:
13144:
13142:
13133:. Archived from
13119:
13113:
13112:
13110:
13108:
13087:
13078:
13077:
13075:
13073:
13064:. Archived from
13052:
13046:
13045:
13043:
13041:
12988:
12982:
12981:
12979:
12977:
12933:
12926:
12920:
12919:
12917:
12915:
12862:
12856:
12855:
12853:
12851:
12802:
12796:
12795:
12793:
12791:
12786:on 20 March 2009
12785:
12779:. Archived from
12772:
12763:
12757:
12756:
12754:
12752:
12687:
12681:
12680:
12678:
12676:
12655:
12649:
12648:
12646:
12644:
12595:
12589:
12588:
12586:
12584:
12563:
12557:
12556:
12554:
12552:
12483:
12477:
12476:
12474:
12472:
12403:
12397:
12396:
12394:
12392:
12343:
12337:
12336:
12334:
12332:
12311:
12305:
12304:
12301:Internet Archive
12298:
12296:
12282:10.1038/275165a0
12252:
12246:
12245:
12243:
12241:
12235:
12211:10.1039/B303690C
12194:
12185:
12179:
12178:
12175:Internet Archive
12172:
12170:
12156:10.1038/264491a0
12126:
12120:
12119:
12117:
12115:
12062:
12056:
12055:
12053:
12051:
11998:
11992:
11991:
11989:
11987:
11958:
11952:
11951:
11949:
11947:
11894:
11888:
11887:
11885:
11883:
11830:
11824:
11823:
11821:
11819:
11813:
11798:
11770:
11766:"Correspondence"
11762:
11756:
11755:
11753:
11751:
11746:on 2 August 2012
11742:. Archived from
11739:Nobel Foundation
11730:
11724:
11723:
11721:
11719:
11662:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11651:
11642:. Archived from
11629:
11623:
11622:
11620:
11618:
11612:
11597:
11595:10.1038/204728a0
11569:
11561:
11555:
11554:
11551:Internet Archive
11548:
11546:
11532:10.1038/196619a0
11501:
11495:
11494:
11486:
11484:
11482:
11463:
11456:
11450:
11449:
11447:
11445:
11439:
11424:
11422:10.1038/188536b0
11396:
11388:
11382:
11381:
11378:Internet Archive
11375:
11373:
11329:
11323:
11322:
11314:
11312:
11310:
11291:
11283:
11277:
11276:
11273:Internet Archive
11270:
11268:
11224:
11218:
11217:
11215:
11213:
11192:
11186:
11185:
11183:
11181:
11175:
11160:
11158:10.1038/174908b0
11132:
11124:
11118:
11117:
11109:
11107:
11105:
11086:
11079:
11073:
11072:
11070:
11068:
11062:
11047:
11045:10.1038/170826a0
11019:
11011:
11005:
11004:
11002:
11000:
10988:Nobel Foundation
10979:
10973:
10972:
10970:
10968:
10962:
10947:
10945:10.1038/166889b0
10919:
10911:
10905:
10904:
10902:
10900:
10894:
10879:
10877:10.1038/162807b0
10851:
10843:
10837:
10836:
10834:
10832:
10823:. Archived from
10810:
10804:
10803:
10801:
10799:
10793:
10778:
10776:10.1038/158781b0
10750:
10742:
10736:
10735:
10733:
10731:
10725:
10710:
10708:10.1038/154602b0
10682:
10674:
10668:
10667:
10665:
10663:
10657:
10642:
10640:10.1038/150571a0
10614:
10606:
10600:
10599:
10597:
10595:
10589:
10574:
10572:10.1038/146679a0
10546:
10538:
10532:
10531:
10529:
10527:
10521:
10506:
10504:10.1038/142865b0
10478:
10470:
10464:
10463:
10461:
10459:
10453:
10438:
10436:10.1038/138833a0
10410:
10402:
10396:
10395:
10393:
10391:
10385:
10370:
10368:10.1038/134727a0
10342:
10334:
10328:
10327:
10321:
10319:
10282:
10276:
10275:
10273:
10271:
10265:
10250:
10248:10.1038/130730b0
10222:
10214:
10208:
10207:
10205:
10203:
10197:
10182:
10180:10.1038/126779c0
10154:
10150:"News and Views"
10146:
10140:
10139:
10137:
10135:
10129:
10114:
10112:10.1038/122738b0
10086:
10082:"News and Views"
10078:
10072:
10071:
10069:
10067:
10061:
10046:
10044:10.1038/118705a0
10018:
10014:"News and Views"
10010:
10004:
10003:
10001:
9999:
9993:
9978:
9976:10.1038/114724d0
9950:
9942:
9936:
9935:
9933:
9931:
9925:
9910:
9908:10.1038/110674b0
9882:
9874:
9868:
9867:
9861:
9859:
9810:
9804:
9803:
9800:Internet Archive
9797:
9795:
9781:10.1038/102229a0
9751:
9745:
9744:
9738:
9736:
9717:10.1038/098212a0
9687:
9681:
9680:
9677:Internet Archive
9674:
9672:
9658:10.1038/094316a0
9628:
9622:
9621:
9615:
9613:
9594:10.1038/090337b0
9572:
9566:
9565:
9563:
9561:
9509:
9503:
9502:
9500:
9498:
9492:
9477:
9475:10.1038/085046a0
9449:
9441:
9435:
9434:
9428:
9426:
9368:
9362:
9361:
9359:
9357:
9339:
9337:10.1038/075130a0
9306:
9300:
9299:
9297:
9295:
9252:
9239:
9233:
9232:
9230:
9228:
9209:10.1038/071035a0
9179:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9145:
9139:
9138:
9132:
9130:
9111:10.1038/067062a0
9081:
9075:
9074:
9066:
9060:
9059:
9057:
9055:
9049:
9034:
9032:10.1038/063135b0
9006:
8998:
8992:
8991:
8989:
8987:
8981:
8948:
8940:
8934:
8933:
8927:
8925:
8906:10.1038/055037a0
8876:
8870:
8869:
8843:
8814:
8808:
8807:
8805:
8803:
8772:
8766:
8765:
8763:
8761:
8708:(9 March 2016).
8706:Rowlinson, J. S.
8702:
8696:
8695:
8689:
8687:
8668:10.1038/051035a0
8638:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8627:
8621:
8606:
8604:10.1038/047106b0
8586:
8578:
8572:
8571:
8568:Internet Archive
8565:
8563:
8549:10.1038/043061a0
8519:
8513:
8512:
8510:
8508:
8502:
8471:
8463:Chinnici, Ileana
8459:
8453:
8452:
8446:
8444:
8401:
8395:
8394:
8391:Internet Archive
8388:
8386:
8372:10.1038/035083a0
8342:
8336:
8335:
8333:
8331:
8312:10.1038/031062a0
8282:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8253:
8220:
8214:
8213:
8207:
8205:
8186:10.1038/023062c0
8156:
8150:
8149:
8143:
8141:
8123:
8121:10.1038/023062c0
8090:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8079:
8025:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8014:
7995:10.1038/015050a0
7965:
7959:
7958:
7952:
7950:
7931:10.1038/011055a0
7901:
7895:
7894:
7888:
7886:
7867:10.1038/007034a0
7837:
7831:
7830:
7824:
7822:
7803:10.1038/003034c0
7773:
7767:
7766:
7760:
7758:
7729:
7723:
7722:
7716:
7714:
7704:
7671:
7665:
7664:
7654:
7631:
7625:
7624:
7622:
7620:
7562:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7548:
7542:
7527:
7525:10.1038/024601a0
7499:
7491:
7485:
7484:
7478:
7476:
7458:
7425:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7414:
7356:
7350:
7349:
7343:
7341:
7312:
7306:
7305:
7299:
7297:
7260:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7249:
7243:
7236:
7208:
7200:
7194:
7193:
7191:
7189:
7184:
7156:
7148:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7137:
7084:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7073:
7067:
7060:
7032:
7024:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7013:
7007:
7000:
6972:
6964:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6947:
6940:
6912:
6904:
6898:
6897:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6866:
6858:
6852:
6851:
6845:
6843:
6812:(January 1843).
6806:
6800:
6799:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6768:
6761:
6755:
6754:
6748:
6746:
6736:
6703:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6683:. Archived from
6667:Robertson, E. F.
6662:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6645:
6638:
6610:
6602:
6596:
6595:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6564:
6556:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6539:
6528:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6480:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6463:
6433:: 287, 301–302.
6418:
6409:
6403:
6402:
6396:
6394:
6384:
6351:
6345:
6344:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6313:
6306:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6295:
6289:
6282:
6254:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6226:. Archived from
6210:Robertson, E. F.
6205:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6194:
6138:
6130:
6124:
6123:
6117:
6115:
6105:
6068:
6062:
6061:
6055:
6053:
6020:
6014:
6013:
6007:
6005:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5938:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5867:
5861:
5860:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5829:
5821:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5804:
5797:
5769:
5761:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5741:. Archived from
5727:(January 1997).
5725:Robertson, E. F.
5720:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5646:
5639:
5607:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5574:
5548:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5531:
5524:
5496:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5450:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5419:
5417:10.1038/128476a0
5391:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5350:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5301:
5295:
5294:
5268:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5091:
5089:
5084:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5047:
5045:
5005:
4997:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4977:
4964:
4956:
4937:
4934:
4928:
4921:
4915:
4912:
4906:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4880:
4877:
4871:
4864:
4858:
4851:
4845:
4830:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4766:
4742:nonlinear optics
4736:
4735:
4734:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4716:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4678:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4626:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4576:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4534:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4390:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4336:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4146:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4062:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4023:Grenville Turner
3998:
3997:
3996:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3680:flash photolysis
3674:
3673:
3672:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3654:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3612:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3539:Basil John Mason
3518:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3450:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3412:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3370:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3294:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3146:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3104:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3062:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2986:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2906:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2868:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2792:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2750:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2708:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2670:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2628:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2586:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2544:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2506:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2483:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2444:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2402:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2364:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2326:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2254:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2216:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2178:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2132:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2090:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2048:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2015:
2004:is taking place"
1992:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1972:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1934:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1896:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1854:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1812:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1770:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1732:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1694:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1648:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1534:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1458:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1420:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1389:Hippolyte Fizeau
1382:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1344:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1313:Gustav Kirchhoff
1306:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1268:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1226:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1146:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1101:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1044:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1014:
992:
991:
990:
983:
982:
981:
972:
940:
939:
938:
931:
930:
929:
920:
898:
897:
896:
889:
888:
887:
878:
856:
855:
854:
847:
846:
845:
836:
808:
807:
806:
799:
798:
797:
788:
766:
765:
764:
757:
756:
755:
746:
694:
693:
692:
685:
684:
683:
674:
632:
631:
630:
623:
622:
621:
612:
590:
589:
588:
581:
580:
579:
570:
552:
551:
550:
543:
542:
541:
500:
499:
498:
491:
490:
489:
480:
458:
457:
456:
449:
448:
447:
438:
410:
409:
408:
401:
400:
399:
390:
354:
353:
352:
345:
344:
343:
334:
304:
302:
275:and in 1918, to
235:four times, the
223:fourteen times,
129:
128:
98:
96:
95:
83:
81:
54:
42:
41:
21:
14577:
14576:
14572:
14571:
14570:
14568:
14567:
14566:
14557:Biennial events
14542:
14541:
14540:
14535:
14519:Microsoft Award
14514:Wilkins Lecture
14499:Philips Lecture
14489:Medawar Lecture
14464:Previous awards
14459:
14455:Sylvester Medal
14403:
14371:
14365:
14360:Dorothy Hodgkin
14322:
14293:Ferrier Lecture
14276:
14230:
14225:
14181:
14176:
14166:
14164:
14149:
14148:
14144:
14134:
14132:
14117:
14116:
14112:
14102:
14100:
14085:
14084:
14080:
14070:
14068:
14053:
14052:
14048:
14038:
14036:
14021:
14020:
14016:
14006:
14004:
13987:
13983:
13973:
13971:
13956:
13955:
13951:
13941:
13939:
13924:
13923:
13919:
13909:
13907:
13892:
13891:
13887:
13877:
13875:
13860:
13859:
13855:
13845:
13843:
13828:
13827:
13823:
13813:
13811:
13794:
13790:
13780:
13778:
13763:
13762:
13758:
13748:
13746:
13729:
13725:
13715:
13713:
13698:
13697:
13693:
13683:
13681:
13664:
13660:
13650:
13648:
13633:
13632:
13628:
13618:
13616:
13600:
13596:
13586:
13584:
13569:
13568:
13564:
13554:
13552:
13547:. 9 June 2010.
13537:
13536:
13532:
13522:
13520:
13505:
13504:
13500:
13490:
13488:
13471:
13467:
13457:
13455:
13440:
13439:
13435:
13425:
13423:
13408:
13407:
13403:
13393:
13391:
13387:
13340:
13334:
13330:
13320:
13318:
13303:
13302:
13298:
13288:
13286:
13273:. 24 May 2002.
13261:
13260:
13256:
13246:
13244:
13229:
13228:
13224:
13214:
13212:
13187:
13186:
13182:
13172:
13170:
13155:
13154:
13150:
13140:
13138:
13121:
13120:
13116:
13106:
13104:
13089:
13088:
13081:
13071:
13069:
13054:
13053:
13049:
13039:
13037:
12992:Atiyah, Michael
12989:
12985:
12975:
12973:
12928:
12927:
12923:
12913:
12911:
12866:Atiyah, Michael
12863:
12859:
12849:
12847:
12804:
12803:
12799:
12789:
12787:
12783:
12770:
12764:
12760:
12750:
12748:
12689:
12688:
12684:
12674:
12672:
12657:
12656:
12652:
12642:
12640:
12597:
12596:
12592:
12582:
12580:
12565:
12564:
12560:
12550:
12548:
12484:
12480:
12470:
12468:
12404:
12400:
12390:
12388:
12345:
12344:
12340:
12330:
12328:
12313:
12312:
12308:
12294:
12292:
12256:"Announcements"
12254:
12253:
12249:
12239:
12237:
12233:
12192:
12186:
12182:
12168:
12166:
12130:"Announcements"
12128:
12127:
12123:
12113:
12111:
12064:
12063:
12059:
12049:
12047:
12000:
11999:
11995:
11985:
11983:
11960:
11959:
11955:
11945:
11943:
11896:
11895:
11891:
11881:
11879:
11832:
11831:
11827:
11817:
11815:
11811:
11768:
11764:
11763:
11759:
11749:
11747:
11732:
11731:
11727:
11717:
11715:
11664:
11663:
11659:
11649:
11647:
11630:
11626:
11616:
11614:
11610:
11567:
11563:
11562:
11558:
11544:
11542:
11502:
11498:
11488:
11480:
11478:
11458:
11457:
11453:
11443:
11441:
11437:
11394:
11390:
11389:
11385:
11371:
11369:
11331:
11330:
11326:
11316:
11308:
11306:
11284:
11280:
11266:
11264:
11226:
11225:
11221:
11211:
11209:
11193:
11189:
11179:
11177:
11173:
11130:
11126:
11125:
11121:
11111:
11103:
11101:
11081:
11080:
11076:
11066:
11064:
11060:
11017:
11013:
11012:
11008:
10998:
10996:
10981:
10980:
10976:
10966:
10964:
10960:
10917:
10913:
10912:
10908:
10898:
10896:
10892:
10849:
10845:
10844:
10840:
10830:
10828:
10811:
10807:
10797:
10795:
10791:
10748:
10744:
10743:
10739:
10729:
10727:
10723:
10680:
10676:
10675:
10671:
10661:
10659:
10655:
10612:
10608:
10607:
10603:
10593:
10591:
10587:
10544:
10540:
10539:
10535:
10525:
10523:
10519:
10476:
10472:
10471:
10467:
10457:
10455:
10451:
10408:
10404:
10403:
10399:
10389:
10387:
10383:
10340:
10336:
10335:
10331:
10317:
10315:
10284:
10283:
10279:
10269:
10267:
10263:
10220:
10216:
10215:
10211:
10201:
10199:
10195:
10152:
10148:
10147:
10143:
10133:
10131:
10127:
10084:
10080:
10079:
10075:
10065:
10063:
10059:
10016:
10012:
10011:
10007:
9997:
9995:
9991:
9948:
9944:
9943:
9939:
9929:
9927:
9923:
9880:
9876:
9875:
9871:
9857:
9855:
9812:
9811:
9807:
9793:
9791:
9753:
9752:
9748:
9734:
9732:
9689:
9688:
9684:
9670:
9668:
9630:
9629:
9625:
9611:
9609:
9574:
9573:
9569:
9559:
9557:
9542:
9510:
9506:
9496:
9494:
9490:
9447:
9443:
9442:
9438:
9424:
9422:
9399:
9369:
9365:
9355:
9353:
9308:
9307:
9303:
9293:
9291:
9265:
9240:
9236:
9226:
9224:
9181:
9180:
9176:
9166:
9164:
9147:
9146:
9142:
9128:
9126:
9083:
9082:
9078:
9068:
9067:
9063:
9053:
9051:
9047:
9004:
9000:
8999:
8995:
8985:
8983:
8979:
8946:
8942:
8941:
8937:
8923:
8921:
8878:
8877:
8873:
8816:
8815:
8811:
8801:
8799:
8773:
8769:
8759:
8757:
8734:
8718:. p. 134.
8703:
8699:
8685:
8683:
8640:
8639:
8635:
8625:
8623:
8619:
8584:
8580:
8579:
8575:
8561:
8559:
8521:
8520:
8516:
8506:
8504:
8500:
8469:
8460:
8456:
8442:
8440:
8403:
8402:
8398:
8384:
8382:
8344:
8343:
8339:
8329:
8327:
8284:
8283:
8279:
8269:
8267:
8222:
8221:
8217:
8203:
8201:
8158:
8157:
8153:
8139:
8137:
8092:
8091:
8087:
8077:
8075:
8052:
8026:
8022:
8012:
8010:
7967:
7966:
7962:
7948:
7946:
7903:
7902:
7898:
7884:
7882:
7839:
7838:
7834:
7820:
7818:
7775:
7774:
7770:
7756:
7754:
7731:
7730:
7726:
7712:
7710:
7687:: i–vii. 1866.
7673:
7672:
7668:
7633:
7632:
7628:
7618:
7616:
7593:
7577:. p. 103.
7563:
7556:
7546:
7544:
7540:
7497:
7493:
7492:
7488:
7474:
7472:
7447:
7427:
7426:
7422:
7412:
7410:
7387:
7371:. p. 114.
7357:
7353:
7339:
7337:
7314:
7313:
7309:
7295:
7293:
7261:
7257:
7247:
7245:
7241:
7206:
7202:
7201:
7197:
7187:
7185:
7154:
7150:
7149:
7145:
7135:
7133:
7107:
7085:
7081:
7071:
7069:
7065:
7030:
7026:
7025:
7021:
7011:
7009:
7005:
6970:
6966:
6965:
6961:
6951:
6949:
6945:
6910:
6906:
6905:
6901:
6891:
6883:
6881:
6859:
6855:
6841:
6839:
6807:
6803:
6793:
6785:
6783:
6763:
6762:
6758:
6744:
6742:
6705:
6704:
6700:
6690:
6688:
6663:
6659:
6649:
6647:
6643:
6608:
6604:
6603:
6599:
6589:
6581:
6579:
6557:
6553:
6543:
6541:
6537:
6533:. p. 225.
6526:
6518:
6514:
6507:
6491:. p. 327.
6481:
6477:
6467:
6465:
6461:
6422:Nuovo Cimento C
6416:
6410:
6406:
6392:
6390:
6353:
6352:
6348:
6338:
6330:
6328:
6308:
6307:
6303:
6293:
6291:
6287:
6252:
6248:
6247:
6243:
6233:
6231:
6212:(August 2002).
6206:
6202:
6192:
6190:
6149:(4). New York:
6131:
6127:
6113:
6111:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6051:
6049:
6022:
6021:
6017:
6003:
6001:
5978:
5977:
5973:
5963:
5955:
5953:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5918:
5916:
5873:(1 July 1983).
5868:
5864:
5854:
5846:
5844:
5822:
5818:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5767:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5748:
5746:
5721:
5717:
5707:
5705:
5664:
5660:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5605:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5549:
5545:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5494:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5475:
5467:
5465:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5430:
5428:
5389:
5383:
5379:
5369:
5367:
5352:
5351:
5344:
5334:
5332:
5322:
5302:
5298:
5241:
5240:
5236:
5226:
5224:
5198:
5182:
5178:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5137:
5133:
5123:
5121:
5108:"Rumford Medal"
5106:
5105:
5101:
5087:
5085:
5061:
5057:
5043:
5041:
4998:
4991:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4962:
4958:
4957:
4950:
4946:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4931:
4922:
4918:
4913:
4909:
4896:
4892:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4874:
4865:
4861:
4852:
4848:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4805:
4782:
4780:
4771:
4770:
4732:
4730:
4721:
4720:
4694:
4692:
4683:
4682:
4651:
4649:
4642:
4640:
4631:
4630:
4592:
4590:
4581:
4580:
4550:
4548:
4539:
4538:
4512:
4510:
4501:
4500:
4480:nano-plasmonics
4469:
4467:
4460:
4458:
4449:
4448:
4406:
4404:
4397:Jeremy Baumberg
4395:
4394:
4352:
4350:
4341:
4340:
4310:
4308:
4299:
4298:
4272:
4270:
4261:
4260:
4234:
4232:
4223:
4222:
4196:
4194:
4185:
4184:
4162:
4160:
4151:
4150:
4120:
4118:
4109:
4108:
4092:optoelectronics
4078:
4076:
4067:
4066:
4032:
4030:
4021:
4020:
3994:
3992:
3983:
3982:
3948:
3946:
3937:
3936:
3894:
3892:
3883:
3882:
3860:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3826:
3824:
3815:
3814:
3792:
3790:
3781:
3780:
3754:
3752:
3743:
3742:
3708:
3706:
3697:
3696:
3670:
3668:
3659:
3658:
3628:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3586:
3584:
3575:
3574:
3548:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3514:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3475:
3473:
3466:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3428:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3386:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3344:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3310:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3234:
3232:
3223:
3222:
3200:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3120:
3118:
3109:
3108:
3078:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3002:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2956:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2884:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2846:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2808:
2806:
2797:
2796:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2724:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2686:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2644:
2642:
2635:Arthur Schuster
2633:
2632:
2602:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2560:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2522:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2488:
2487:
2460:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2428:X-ray radiation
2418:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2342:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2304:
2302:
2295:Heinrich Rubens
2293:
2292:
2270:
2268:
2261:Hendrik Lorentz
2259:
2258:
2232:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2194:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2106:
2104:
2097:Henri Becquerel
2095:
2094:
2064:
2062:
2053:
2052:
2031:
2029:
2022:Wilhelm Röntgen
2020:
2019:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1912:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1828:
1826:
1819:Pietro Tacchini
1817:
1816:
1786:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1748:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1710:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1664:
1662:
1655:William Huggins
1653:
1652:
1626:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1588:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1550:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1508:
1506:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1436:
1434:
1427:Balfour Stewart
1425:
1424:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1284:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1242:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1162:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1129:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1075:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1042:
1030:
1028:
1019:
1018:
988:
986:
979:Michael Faraday
977:
976:
936:
934:
925:
924:
894:
892:
883:
882:
852:
850:
841:
840:
804:
802:
793:
792:
762:
760:
751:
750:
690:
688:
679:
678:
628:
626:
617:
616:
586:
584:
575:
574:
548:
546:
537:
536:
506:Reflected Light
496:
494:
485:
484:
454:
452:
445:William Murdoch
443:
442:
406:
404:
395:
394:
350:
348:
339:
338:
300:
297:
273:Wilhelm Röntgen
185:De rerum natura
123:
93:
91:
79:
77:
60:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14575:
14565:
14564:
14559:
14554:
14537:
14536:
14534:
14533:
14530:
14527:
14524:
14521:
14516:
14511:
14506:
14501:
14496:
14491:
14486:
14481:
14479:Florey Lecture
14476:
14473:
14471:Bernal Lecture
14467:
14465:
14461:
14460:
14458:
14457:
14452:
14447:
14442:
14437:
14432:
14427:
14425:Buchanan Medal
14422:
14417:
14411:
14409:
14405:
14404:
14402:
14401:
14396:
14394:Croonian Medal
14391:
14389:Bakerian Medal
14386:
14375:
14373:
14367:
14366:
14364:
14363:
14357:
14354:
14351:
14348:
14343:Royal Society
14341:
14336:
14330:
14328:
14324:
14323:
14321:
14320:
14315:
14310:
14305:
14300:
14295:
14290:
14284:
14282:
14281:Prize lectures
14278:
14277:
14275:
14274:
14269:
14264:
14259:
14254:
14249:
14244:
14238:
14236:
14232:
14231:
14224:
14223:
14216:
14209:
14201:
14195:
14194:
14180:
14179:External links
14177:
14175:
14174:
14142:
14110:
14078:
14046:
14014:
13981:
13949:
13917:
13885:
13853:
13821:
13788:
13756:
13723:
13691:
13658:
13626:
13594:
13562:
13530:
13498:
13465:
13433:
13401:
13328:
13296:
13254:
13222:
13180:
13148:
13114:
13079:
13047:
12983:
12921:
12882:(1): 114–115.
12857:
12797:
12758:
12682:
12650:
12590:
12558:
12487:Huxley, Andrew
12478:
12407:Huxley, Andrew
12398:
12338:
12306:
12247:
12180:
12121:
12057:
11993:
11953:
11889:
11825:
11757:
11725:
11657:
11646:on 26 May 2024
11624:
11556:
11496:
11451:
11383:
11324:
11278:
11219:
11187:
11119:
11074:
11006:
10974:
10906:
10838:
10805:
10737:
10669:
10601:
10533:
10465:
10397:
10329:
10277:
10209:
10141:
10073:
10005:
9937:
9869:
9805:
9746:
9682:
9623:
9567:
9540:
9504:
9436:
9397:
9363:
9301:
9263:
9234:
9174:
9140:
9076:
9061:
8993:
8944:"Front Matter"
8935:
8871:
8809:
8767:
8732:
8697:
8633:
8573:
8514:
8454:
8396:
8337:
8277:
8224:"Front Matter"
8215:
8151:
8085:
8050:
8044:. p. 95.
8020:
7960:
7896:
7832:
7768:
7724:
7675:"Front Matter"
7666:
7626:
7591:
7554:
7486:
7445:
7420:
7385:
7351:
7307:
7255:
7204:"Front Matter"
7195:
7152:"Front Matter"
7143:
7105:
7079:
7028:"Front Matter"
7019:
6968:"Front Matter"
6959:
6908:"Front Matter"
6899:
6853:
6801:
6756:
6707:"Front Matter"
6698:
6657:
6606:"Front Matter"
6597:
6551:
6529:(PhD thesis).
6512:
6505:
6475:
6404:
6355:"Front Matter"
6346:
6301:
6250:"Front Matter"
6241:
6200:
6125:
6072:"Front Matter"
6063:
6015:
5971:
5926:
5887:(4): 856–858.
5862:
5816:
5765:"Front Matter"
5756:
5715:
5658:
5603:"Front Matter"
5594:
5543:
5492:"Front Matter"
5483:
5438:
5377:
5342:
5320:
5314:. p. 40.
5296:
5234:
5196:
5176:
5162:
5131:
5099:
5055:
4989:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4929:
4916:
4907:
4890:
4881:
4872:
4859:
4846:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4788:
4778:
4767:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4738:
4728:
4717:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4690:
4679:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4658:
4638:
4627:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4598:
4588:
4577:
4570:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4556:
4546:
4535:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4508:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4476:
4456:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:applications."
4432:meta-materials
4420:nanostructures
4412:
4402:
4391:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4374:supercontinuum
4358:
4348:
4337:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4320:quantum matter
4316:
4306:
4295:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4278:
4268:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4240:
4230:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4202:
4192:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4158:
4147:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4126:
4116:
4111:Wilson Sibbett
4105:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4084:
4074:
4069:Richard Friend
4063:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4038:
4028:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4000:
3990:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3954:
3944:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3900:
3890:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3856:
3851:Felix Weinberg
3845:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3822:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3788:
3783:Harold Hopkins
3777:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3764:bubble-chamber
3760:
3750:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3714:
3704:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3676:
3666:
3655:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3634:
3624:
3619:Ilya Prigogine
3613:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3592:
3582:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3554:
3544:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3510:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3482:
3462:
3451:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3424:
3419:William Penney
3413:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3392:
3382:
3371:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3350:
3340:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3306:
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3147:
3140:
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3133:
3130:jet propulsion
3126:
3116:
3105:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3084:
3074:
3063:
3056:
3052:
3051:
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3046:
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3031:Alfred Egerton
3025:
3022:
3018:
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3015:
3008:
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2976:
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2973:
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2913:Manne Siegbahn
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2776:thermodynamics
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2000:through which
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1979:Philipp Lenard
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1861:Heinrich Hertz
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1678:proper motions
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1066:François Arago
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619:David Brewster
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296:
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269:Philipp Lenard
153:thermodynamics
131:
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117:
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112:
107:
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100:United Kingdom
89:
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14450:Rumford Medal
14448:
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14314:
14311:
14309:
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14301:
14299:
14296:
14294:
14291:
14289:
14288:Crick Lecture
14286:
14285:
14283:
14279:
14273:
14270:
14268:
14265:
14263:
14262:Mullard Award
14260:
14258:
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14233:
14229:
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14217:
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14210:
14208:
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14199:
14192:
14191:Rumford Medal
14187:
14183:
14182:
14162:
14158:
14157:
14152:
14146:
14130:
14126:
14125:
14124:Royal Society
14120:
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14098:
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14093:
14092:Royal Society
14088:
14082:
14066:
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14056:
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14029:
14028:Royal Society
14024:
14018:
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13992:
13985:
13969:
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13963:Royal Society
13959:
13953:
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13927:
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13900:
13899:Royal Society
13895:
13889:
13873:
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13863:
13857:
13841:
13837:
13836:
13835:Royal Society
13831:
13825:
13809:
13805:
13804:
13799:
13792:
13776:
13772:
13771:
13770:Royal Society
13766:
13760:
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13734:
13727:
13711:
13707:
13706:
13705:Royal Society
13701:
13695:
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13674:
13669:
13662:
13646:
13642:
13641:
13640:Royal Society
13636:
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13609:
13605:
13598:
13582:
13578:
13577:
13576:Royal Society
13572:
13566:
13550:
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13545:
13544:Royal Society
13540:
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13514:
13513:
13512:Royal Society
13508:
13502:
13486:
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13481:
13476:
13469:
13453:
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13448:
13447:Royal Society
13443:
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13411:
13405:
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13378:
13374:
13370:
13365:
13360:
13356:
13355:Royal Society
13352:
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13280:
13276:
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13271:
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13258:
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13237:
13232:
13226:
13210:
13206:
13202:
13198:
13197:
13191:
13184:
13168:
13164:
13163:
13162:Royal Society
13158:
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13124:
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13092:
13086:
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13023:
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12997:
12993:
12987:
12971:
12967:
12963:
12959:
12955:
12951:
12947:
12943:
12939:
12938:
12937:Physics Today
12932:
12925:
12909:
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12897:
12893:
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12877:
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12807:
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12777:
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12762:
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12706:
12702:
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12670:
12666:
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12320:Royal Society
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12136:
12131:
12125:
12109:
12105:
12101:
12097:
12093:
12089:
12085:
12081:
12080:Royal Society
12077:
12073:
12072:
12067:
12061:
12045:
12041:
12037:
12033:
12029:
12025:
12021:
12017:
12016:Royal Society
12013:
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11997:
11981:
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11969:
11968:
11963:
11957:
11941:
11937:
11933:
11929:
11925:
11921:
11917:
11913:
11912:Royal Society
11909:
11905:
11904:
11899:
11893:
11877:
11873:
11869:
11865:
11861:
11857:
11853:
11849:
11848:Royal Society
11845:
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11810:
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11792:
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11709:
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11697:
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11677:
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9096:
9092:
9091:
9086:
9080:
9072:
9065:
9046:
9042:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9024:
9020:
9016:
9012:
9011:
9003:
8997:
8978:
8974:
8970:
8966:
8962:
8958:
8954:
8953:
8945:
8939:
8931:
8919:
8915:
8911:
8907:
8903:
8899:
8895:
8891:
8887:
8886:
8881:
8875:
8867:
8863:
8859:
8855:
8851:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8833:
8832:Royal Society
8829:
8825:
8824:
8819:
8813:
8798:
8794:
8790:
8786:
8782:
8778:
8771:
8755:
8751:
8747:
8743:
8739:
8735:
8729:
8725:
8721:
8717:
8713:
8712:
8707:
8701:
8693:
8681:
8677:
8673:
8669:
8665:
8661:
8657:
8653:
8649:
8648:
8643:
8637:
8618:
8614:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8596:
8592:
8591:
8583:
8577:
8569:
8558:
8554:
8550:
8546:
8542:
8538:
8534:
8530:
8529:
8524:
8518:
8499:
8495:
8491:
8487:
8483:
8479:
8475:
8468:
8464:
8458:
8450:
8438:
8434:
8430:
8426:
8422:
8419:: 227. 1889.
8418:
8414:
8411:(in French).
8410:
8406:
8400:
8392:
8381:
8377:
8373:
8369:
8365:
8361:
8357:
8353:
8352:
8347:
8341:
8325:
8321:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8305:
8301:
8297:
8293:
8292:
8287:
8281:
8265:
8261:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8243:
8239:
8235:
8231:
8230:
8225:
8219:
8211:
8199:
8195:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8179:
8175:
8171:
8167:
8166:
8161:
8155:
8147:
8135:
8131:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8101:
8100:
8095:
8089:
8073:
8069:
8065:
8061:
8057:
8053:
8047:
8043:
8039:
8035:
8031:
8024:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7992:
7988:
7984:
7980:
7976:
7975:
7970:
7964:
7956:
7944:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7924:
7920:
7916:
7912:
7911:
7906:
7900:
7892:
7880:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7864:
7860:
7856:
7852:
7848:
7847:
7842:
7836:
7828:
7816:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7784:
7783:
7778:
7772:
7764:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7740:
7739:
7738:The Athenaeum
7734:
7728:
7720:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7694:
7690:
7686:
7682:
7681:
7676:
7670:
7662:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7644:
7640:
7636:
7630:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7598:
7594:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7561:
7559:
7539:
7535:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7504:
7496:
7490:
7482:
7470:
7466:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7448:
7446:9781334256820
7442:
7438:
7434:
7430:
7424:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7382:
7378:
7374:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7355:
7347:
7335:
7331:
7327:
7323:
7322:
7321:The Athenaeum
7317:
7311:
7303:
7291:
7287:
7283:
7279:
7275:
7274:
7269:
7265:
7259:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7214:
7213:
7205:
7199:
7183:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7161:
7153:
7147:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7106:9780521663106
7102:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7083:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7037:
7029:
7023:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6977:
6969:
6963:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6917:
6909:
6903:
6895:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6871:
6865:
6857:
6849:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6820:
6815:
6811:
6805:
6797:
6782:
6778:
6774:
6773:
6767:
6760:
6752:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6713:
6708:
6702:
6687:on 3 May 2012
6686:
6682:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6668:
6661:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6615:
6607:
6601:
6593:
6578:
6574:
6570:
6569:
6563:
6555:
6536:
6532:
6525:
6524:
6516:
6508:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6490:
6487:. Dordrecht:
6486:
6479:
6460:
6456:
6452:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6423:
6415:
6408:
6400:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6374:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6350:
6342:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6318:
6312:
6305:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6259:
6251:
6245:
6230:on 3 May 2012
6229:
6225:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6211:
6204:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6143:
6137:
6129:
6121:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6086:Royal Society
6083:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6067:
6059:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6019:
6011:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5975:
5967:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5937:
5930:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5881:
5876:
5872:
5866:
5858:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5834:
5828:
5820:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5774:
5766:
5760:
5745:on 7 May 2012
5744:
5740:
5736:
5735:
5730:
5726:
5719:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5682:Royal Society
5679:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5662:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5620:Royal Society
5617:
5613:
5612:
5604:
5598:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5547:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5493:
5487:
5479:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5455:
5449:
5442:
5427:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5402:(3229): 477.
5401:
5397:
5396:
5388:
5381:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5349:
5347:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5321:9781138375109
5317:
5313:
5309:
5308:
5300:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5258:
5257:Royal Society
5254:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5238:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5197:9780900652561
5193:
5189:
5188:
5180:
5165:
5163:9780511920479
5159:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5135:
5119:
5115:
5114:
5113:Royal Society
5109:
5103:
5095:
5083:
5078:
5075:(1181): 747.
5074:
5070:
5066:
5059:
5051:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5004:
4996:
4994:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4968:Royal Society
4961:
4955:
4953:
4948:
4933:
4926:
4920:
4911:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4885:
4876:
4869:
4863:
4856:
4850:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4829:
4825:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4794:and origins."
4793:
4789:
4779:
4774:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4729:
4724:
4723:Polina Bayvel
4715:
4711:
4707:
4701:
4691:
4686:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4659:
4657:
4639:
4634:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4602:atomic clocks
4599:
4589:
4584:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4557:
4547:
4542:
4541:Miles Padgett
4533:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4509:
4504:
4491:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4457:
4452:
4439:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4416:nanophotonics
4413:
4403:
4398:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4349:
4344:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4317:
4307:
4302:
4289:
4283:
4279:
4269:
4264:
4251:
4245:
4244:ionic liquids
4241:
4231:
4226:
4213:
4207:
4203:
4193:
4188:
4187:Richard Dixon
4175:
4169:
4159:
4154:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4127:
4117:
4112:
4099:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4075:
4070:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4024:
4011:
4005:
4001:
3991:
3986:
3985:Andrew Keller
3973:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3940:
3927:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3886:
3873:
3867:
3857:
3852:
3839:
3833:
3823:
3818:
3805:
3799:
3789:
3784:
3771:
3765:
3761:
3751:
3746:
3733:
3727:
3726:liquid helium
3723:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3700:
3687:
3681:
3677:
3667:
3662:
3661:George Porter
3653:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3635:
3625:
3620:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3578:
3577:Alan Cottrell
3565:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3540:
3527:
3521:
3511:
3506:
3493:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3463:
3458:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3425:
3420:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3378:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3336:
3323:
3317:
3307:
3302:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3269:
3264:
3251:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3226:
3213:
3207:
3197:
3192:
3179:
3173:
3169:
3159:
3154:
3153:Frits Zernike
3145:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3112:
3111:Frank Whittle
3103:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3088:absolute zero
3085:
3075:
3070:
3069:Francis Simon
3061:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3037:
3032:
3019:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2994:
2993:Harry Ricardo
2985:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2953:
2948:
2947:Gordon Dobson
2935:
2929:
2919:
2914:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2881:
2876:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2843:
2838:
2825:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2758:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2716:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2683:
2678:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2636:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2594:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2567:
2557:
2552:
2551:Pieter Zeeman
2543:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2519:
2514:
2513:Robert Strutt
2505:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2452:
2451:Charles Fabry
2443:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2410:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2377:
2372:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2339:
2334:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2301:
2296:
2283:
2277:
2267:
2262:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2229:
2224:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2199:New Zealander
2191:
2186:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2158:steam turbine
2155:
2145:
2140:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2098:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2056:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2028:
2023:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1985:
1980:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1947:
1942:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1909:
1904:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1862:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1820:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1778:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1745:
1740:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1707:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1656:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1623:
1618:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1585:
1580:
1579:Jules Janssen
1571:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1547:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1502:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1471:
1466:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1433:
1428:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1395:
1390:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1357:
1352:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1319:
1314:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1281:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1234:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1192:
1191:Louis Pasteur
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1159:
1154:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1109:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1041:
1040:Steam-Engines
1037:
1027:
1022:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
995:
985:
980:
971:
967:
963:
960:
953:
947:
943:
933:
928:
919:
915:
911:
905:
901:
891:
886:
877:
873:
869:
863:
859:
849:
844:
835:
831:
827:
824:
817:
811:
801:
796:
787:
783:
779:
773:
769:
759:
754:
745:
741:
737:
734:
727:
724:
717:
714:
707:
701:
697:
687:
682:
673:
669:
665:
662:
655:
652:
645:
639:
635:
625:
620:
611:
607:
603:
597:
593:
583:
578:
569:
565:
561:
555:
545:
540:
527:
524:
517:
511:
507:
503:
493:
488:
479:
475:
471:
465:
464:Gas from Coal
461:
451:
446:
437:
433:
429:
426:
419:
413:
403:
398:
389:
385:
381:
378:
371:
365:
361:
357:
347:
342:
333:
329:
325:
305:
292:
290:
289:Polina Bayvel
286:
282:
278:
277:Charles Fabry
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:United States
234:
231:seven times,
230:
226:
222:
217:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
173:
172:Robert Smirke
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
141:Royal Society
138:
137:Rumford Medal
127:
121:
118:
114:
111:
110:Royal Society
108:
104:
101:
90:
86:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
57:Count Rumford
53:
48:
45:Rumford Medal
43:
37:
33:
32:Rumford Prize
19:
18:Rumford medal
14494:Pfizer Award
14449:
14435:Hughes Medal
14415:Darwin Medal
14382:
14379:Copley Medal
14257:Milner Award
14167:14 September
14165:. Retrieved
14161:the original
14154:
14145:
14135:14 September
14133:. Retrieved
14129:the original
14122:
14113:
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13489:. Retrieved
13485:the original
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12669:the original
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11744:the original
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10927:
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10829:. Retrieved
10825:the original
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10350:
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10324:Google Books
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9431:Google Books
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8473:
8465:(May 2005).
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7763:Google Books
7761:– via
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7736:
7733:"The Medals"
7727:
7719:Google Books
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7711:. Retrieved
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7364:
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7346:Google Books
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7319:
7310:
7302:Google Books
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7294:. Retrieved
7277:
7271:
7264:Cave, Edward
7258:
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6902:
6882:. Retrieved
6868:
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6848:Google Books
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6840:. Retrieved
6823:
6817:
6810:Cave, Edward
6804:
6784:. Retrieved
6770:
6759:
6751:Google Books
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6743:. Retrieved
6716:
6710:
6701:
6689:. Retrieved
6685:the original
6674:
6669:(May 2010).
6660:
6648:. Retrieved
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6566:
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6542:. Retrieved
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6466:. Retrieved
6426:
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6399:Google Books
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6391:. Retrieved
6364:
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6315:
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6262:
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6232:. Retrieved
6228:the original
6217:
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6120:Google Books
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6112:. Retrieved
6081:
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6056:– via
6050:. Retrieved
6033:
6027:
6018:
6010:Google Books
6008:– via
6002:. Retrieved
5994:W. Blackwood
5989:
5983:
5974:
5954:. Retrieved
5940:
5929:
5917:. Retrieved
5884:
5878:
5865:
5845:. Retrieved
5831:
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5807:. Retrieved
5777:
5771:
5759:
5747:. Retrieved
5743:the original
5732:
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5677:
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5615:
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5429:. Retrieved
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5225:. Retrieved
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5111:
5102:
5094:Google Books
5092:– via
5086:. Retrieved
5072:
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5058:
5048:– via
5042:. Retrieved
5013:
5007:
4980:. Retrieved
4966:
4932:
4919:
4910:
4893:
4884:
4875:
4868:Dennis Gabor
4862:
4849:
4842:Carlos Frenk
4838:Dennis Gabor
4828:
4752:revolution."
4648:
4633:Carlos Frenk
4583:Patrick Gill
4503:Ian Walmsley
4466:
4263:Edward Hinds
4239:Luxembourger
3472:
3457:Dennis Gabor
3132:of aircraft"
2490:Alfred Perot
1617:Alfred Cornu
1351:John Tyndall
1210:racemic acid
958:
822:
732:
722:
712:
660:
650:
638:Polarisation
577:Humphry Davy
522:
424:
376:
316:Nationality
281:Alfred Perot
218:
206:
183:
165:
136:
134:
106:Presented by
36:
14440:Kavli Medal
14430:Gabor Medal
14399:Royal Medal
14362:Fellowships
14327:Fellowships
12190:"Editorial"
5255:(302–307).
4855:Ortwin Hess
4834:Ortwin Hess
4451:Ortwin Hess
3912:solar cells
3817:Denis Rooke
3596:dislocation
2970:meteorology
2875:Robert Wood
2757:Fritz Haber
2715:Peter Debye
2612:calorimeter
2468:"For their
2371:John Strutt
1998:vacuum tube
1941:James Dewar
1233:Jules Jamin
1153:Neil Arnott
397:John Leslie
265:New Zealand
229:Netherlands
168:silver gilt
65:Awarded for
14546:Categories
14484:Kohn Award
14420:Davy Medal
13357:: 12, 15.
13247:26 January
13173:26 January
13141:26 January
13072:26 January
13008:(1): 148.
12931:"In Brief"
12790:26 January
12675:27 January
12583:27 January
11750:27 January
11650:27 January
11493:required.)
11481:27 January
11321:required.)
11309:27 January
11116:required.)
11104:27 January
10999:27 January
10831:27 January
9550:1046977488
9415:1237868311
9407:2020952678
9281:1063964091
9243:Eve, A. S.
8742:2012005199
8714:. London:
8060:2011936386
7465:1359045150
7403:1351894515
7395:2023930767
7123:1015083902
7115:2003043584
6896:required.)
6884:27 January
6798:required.)
6786:9 February
6691:6 February
6594:required.)
6582:27 January
6343:required.)
6331:27 January
6234:6 February
5968:required.)
5956:27 January
5859:required.)
5847:27 January
5749:27 January
5565:(2): 137.
5480:required.)
5468:27 January
5330:1380361038
5214:1152936062
4944:References
4343:Roy Taylor
4153:David King
3722:superfluid
3486:holography
3471:Hungarian
3239:Australian
596:Combustion
319:Rationale
257:Luxembourg
13381:249204363
13373:1748-8494
13279:0049-3929
13205:0049-3929
13030:202575185
12966:1945-0699
12904:202574964
12840:202574706
12633:125271555
12541:202574538
12461:202575411
12381:264700318
12290:1476-4687
12227:258704470
12219:1474-9092
12164:1476-4687
12104:202574592
12040:202574553
11976:2059-7487
11936:202574920
11872:202574906
11805:1476-4687
11708:164478147
11692:1743-0178
11604:1476-4687
11540:1476-4687
11431:1476-4687
11367:1476-4687
11262:1476-4687
11167:1476-4687
11054:1476-4687
10954:1476-4687
10886:1476-4687
10785:1476-4687
10717:1476-4687
10649:1476-4687
10581:1476-4687
10513:1476-4687
10445:1476-4687
10377:1476-4687
10308:651861350
10300:0080-4673
10257:1476-4687
10189:1476-4687
10121:1476-4687
10053:1476-4687
9985:1476-4687
9917:1476-4687
9840:1095-9203
9789:1476-4687
9725:1476-4687
9666:1476-4687
9602:1476-4687
9532:2196-8829
9484:1476-4687
9346:1476-4687
9289:27478992M
9245:(2013) .
9217:1476-4687
9119:1476-4687
9071:The Times
9041:1476-4687
8965:2053-9223
8914:1476-4687
8866:186213701
8850:2053-9126
8797:1587-3781
8750:948603191
8676:1476-4687
8613:1476-4687
8557:1476-4687
8486:1824-0178
8425:0572-7405
8380:1476-4687
8320:1476-4687
8242:2053-9223
8194:1476-4687
8130:1476-4687
8068:765959525
8003:1476-4687
7939:1476-4687
7875:1476-4687
7811:1476-4687
7747:1747-3594
7693:2053-9223
7661:1753-7843
7609:26100071M
7601:787859175
7534:1476-4687
7330:1747-3594
7316:"Science"
7286:700633912
7225:2053-9223
7173:2053-9223
7131:17106703M
7049:2053-9223
6989:2053-9223
6929:2053-9223
6832:700633912
6725:2053-9223
6627:2053-9223
6455:2037-4909
6373:2053-9223
6271:2053-9223
6167:1520-636X
6142:Chirality
6094:2053-9223
6042:867727625
5880:Evolution
5786:2053-9223
5628:2053-9223
5589:119830189
5581:1090-249X
5513:2053-9223
5426:1476-4687
5312:Routledge
5291:186209910
5275:2053-9126
5222:42979174M
4773:Tony Bell
4424:plasmonic
2568:"For his
1993:Hungarian
1796:Bolometer
1680:of stars"
944:"For his
772:Pyrometer
640:of Light"
310:Portrait
285:Tony Bell
249:Australia
180:Lucretius
14097:Archived
14065:Archived
14033:Archived
14001:Archived
13968:Archived
13936:Archived
13904:Archived
13872:Archived
13840:Archived
13808:Archived
13775:Archived
13743:Archived
13710:Archived
13678:Archived
13645:Archived
13613:Archived
13581:Archived
13549:Archived
13517:Archived
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13420:Archived
13385:Archived
13315:Archived
13283:Archived
13209:Archived
13167:Archived
13101:Archived
13034:Archived
12970:Archived
12908:Archived
12844:Archived
12745:Archived
12637:Archived
12577:Archived
12545:Archived
12465:Archived
12385:Archived
12325:Archived
12231:Archived
12205:(5): x.
12108:Archived
12044:Archived
11980:Archived
11940:Archived
11876:Archived
11809:Archived
11712:Archived
11608:Archived
11435:Archived
11171:Archived
11058:Archived
10993:Archived
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10890:Archived
10789:Archived
10721:Archived
10653:Archived
10585:Archived
10517:Archived
10449:Archived
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10312:Archived
10261:Archived
10193:Archived
10125:Archived
10057:Archived
9989:Archived
9921:Archived
9852:Archived
9848:17797618
9729:Archived
9606:Archived
9554:Archived
9488:Archived
9419:Archived
9350:Archived
9273:40004076
9221:Archived
9161:Archived
9123:Archived
9045:Archived
8977:Archived
8918:Archived
8754:Archived
8680:Archived
8617:Archived
8498:Archived
8494:89800573
8437:Archived
8324:Archived
8264:Archived
8198:Archived
8134:Archived
8072:Archived
8007:Archived
7943:Archived
7879:Archived
7815:Archived
7751:Archived
7707:Archived
7613:Archived
7538:Archived
7469:Archived
7456:25138589
7407:Archived
7334:Archived
7290:Archived
7266:(1857).
7239:Archived
7063:Archived
7003:Archived
6943:Archived
6836:Archived
6739:Archived
6641:Archived
6535:Archived
6459:Archived
6387:Archived
6285:Archived
6187:Archived
6183:46858352
6175:29450920
6108:Archived
6046:Archived
5998:Archived
5913:Archived
5909:28568132
5800:Archived
5702:Archived
5642:Archived
5527:Archived
5364:Archived
5206:82110340
5142:(2011).
5118:Archived
5082:41335075
5038:Archived
4973:Archived
4803:See also
4699:American
4656:British
4647:Mexican
4474:British
3480:British
2889:American
1791:American
959:No award
823:No award
733:No award
723:No award
713:No award
661:No award
651:No award
523:No award
425:No award
377:No award
239:thrice,
147:, Count
14370:Premier
12976:10 June
12946:Bibcode
12741:6423882
12733:2565571
12725:2398521
12705:Bibcode
12625:2398206
12533:2858856
12525:2397855
12505:Bibcode
12453:6132388
12445:2397469
12425:Bibcode
12373:2990381
12270:Bibcode
12169:19 June
12144:Bibcode
11783:Bibcode
11582:Bibcode
11520:Bibcode
11409:Bibcode
11347:Bibcode
11242:Bibcode
11212:20 June
11145:Bibcode
11032:Bibcode
10932:Bibcode
10864:Bibcode
10763:Bibcode
10695:Bibcode
10627:Bibcode
10559:Bibcode
10491:Bibcode
10423:Bibcode
10355:Bibcode
10318:12 June
10235:Bibcode
10167:Bibcode
10099:Bibcode
10031:Bibcode
9963:Bibcode
9895:Bibcode
9819:Science
9769:Bibcode
9755:"Notes"
9705:Bibcode
9691:"Notes"
9646:Bibcode
9632:"Notes"
9462:Bibcode
9445:"Notes"
9324:Bibcode
9294:13 June
9197:Bibcode
9183:"Notes"
9167:20 June
9129:12 June
9099:Bibcode
9085:"Notes"
9019:Bibcode
8986:11 June
8924:10 June
8894:Bibcode
8880:"Notes"
8830:(364).
8802:20 June
8791:: 199.
8787:(2–4).
8656:Bibcode
8642:"Notes"
8537:Bibcode
8523:"Notes"
8507:11 June
8433:1537689
8360:Bibcode
8346:"Notes"
8300:Bibcode
8286:"Notes"
8260:1697286
8174:Bibcode
8160:"Notes"
8108:Bibcode
7983:Bibcode
7969:"Notes"
7949:10 June
7919:Bibcode
7905:"Notes"
7885:10 June
7855:Bibcode
7841:"Notes"
7821:10 June
7791:Bibcode
7777:"Notes"
7757:10 June
7512:Bibcode
7248:11 June
7188:11 June
7136:20 June
7072:11 June
7012:10 June
6952:10 June
6842:10 June
6745:13 June
6650:10 June
6544:10 June
6468:20 June
6435:Bibcode
6393:10 June
6294:10 June
6193:12 June
6153:: 7–8.
6114:10 June
6004:10 June
5901:2407927
5684:: 252.
5536:11 June
5431:19 June
5404:Bibcode
5335:19 June
5227:29 June
5169:19 June
5124:19 June
5088:19 June
5044:19 June
5022:Bibcode
4982:19 June
4787:British
4737:British
4597:British
4555:British
4517:British
4465:German
4411:British
4370:soliton
4362:tunable
4357:British
4315:British
4277:British
4201:British
4167:British
4125:British
4083:British
4037:British
3999:British
3953:British
3899:British
3865:British
3831:British
3797:British
3766:optics"
3759:British
3713:British
3675:British
3633:Belgian
3591:British
3553:British
3519:British
3433:British
3349:British
3315:British
3277:British
3205:British
3125:British
3083:British
3045:British
3007:British
2961:British
2927:Swedish
2851:British
2649:British
2607:British
2527:British
2423:British
2385:British
2237:British
2153:British
2069:British
2036:German
1955:British
1917:Swedish
1833:Italian
1753:Swedish
1715:British
1669:British
1555:British
1513:Swedish
1441:British
1365:British
1289:British
1167:British
1122:British
993:British
941:British
857:British
809:Italian
767:British
633:British
591:British
553:British
459:British
411:British
355:British
253:Belgium
245:Hungary
243:twice,
225:Germany
211:or the
198:exergue
192:of the
182:' poem
176:obverse
149:Rumford
116:Website
88:Country
78: (
14408:Medals
14372:Medals
14235:Awards
14103:8 June
14071:8 June
14039:8 June
14007:8 June
13974:8 June
13942:8 June
13910:8 June
13878:8 June
13846:8 June
13814:8 June
13781:8 June
13749:8 June
13716:8 June
13684:8 June
13651:8 June
13619:8 June
13587:8 June
13555:7 June
13523:7 June
13458:7 June
13426:7 June
13394:7 June
13379:
13371:
13321:7 June
13289:7 June
13277:
13215:7 June
13203:
13107:7 June
13040:7 June
13028:
13022:531890
13020:
12964:
12914:7 June
12902:
12896:531398
12894:
12850:7 June
12838:
12830:
12751:7 June
12739:
12731:
12723:
12643:7 June
12631:
12623:
12551:7 June
12539:
12531:
12523:
12471:7 June
12459:
12451:
12443:
12391:7 June
12379:
12371:
12331:7 June
12295:7 June
12288:
12261:Nature
12240:7 June
12225:
12217:
12162:
12135:Nature
12114:7 June
12102:
12096:531768
12094:
12050:7 June
12038:
12032:531743
12030:
11986:7 June
11974:
11946:7 June
11934:
11928:531118
11926:
11882:7 June
11870:
11864:531058
11862:
11818:7 June
11803:
11774:Nature
11718:7 June
11706:
11700:531198
11698:
11690:
11617:7 June
11602:
11573:Nature
11545:7 June
11538:
11511:Nature
11487:
11444:7 June
11429:
11400:Nature
11372:7 June
11365:
11338:Nature
11315:
11267:7 June
11260:
11233:Nature
11180:7 June
11165:
11136:Nature
11110:
11067:7 June
11052:
11023:Nature
10967:7 June
10952:
10923:Nature
10899:7 June
10884:
10855:Nature
10798:7 June
10783:
10754:Nature
10730:7 June
10715:
10686:Nature
10662:7 June
10647:
10618:Nature
10594:7 June
10579:
10550:Nature
10526:7 June
10511:
10482:Nature
10458:7 June
10443:
10414:Nature
10390:7 June
10375:
10346:Nature
10306:
10298:
10270:7 June
10255:
10226:Nature
10202:7 June
10187:
10158:Nature
10134:7 June
10119:
10090:Nature
10066:7 June
10051:
10022:Nature
9998:7 June
9983:
9954:Nature
9930:7 June
9915:
9886:Nature
9858:7 June
9846:
9838:
9794:7 June
9787:
9760:Nature
9735:7 June
9723:
9696:Nature
9671:6 June
9664:
9637:Nature
9612:6 June
9600:
9581:Nature
9560:6 June
9548:
9538:
9530:
9497:6 June
9482:
9453:Nature
9425:6 June
9413:
9405:
9395:
9356:6 June
9344:
9315:Nature
9287:
9279:
9271:
9261:
9227:6 June
9215:
9188:Nature
9117:
9090:Nature
9054:6 June
9039:
9010:Nature
8971:
8963:
8912:
8885:Nature
8864:
8858:115852
8856:
8848:
8795:
8760:6 June
8748:
8740:
8730:
8686:6 June
8674:
8647:Nature
8626:6 June
8611:
8590:Nature
8562:5 June
8555:
8528:Nature
8492:
8484:
8449:Persée
8443:5 June
8431:
8423:
8385:5 June
8378:
8351:Nature
8330:5 June
8318:
8291:Nature
8270:5 June
8258:
8251:109476
8248:
8240:
8204:5 June
8192:
8165:Nature
8140:5 June
8128:
8099:Nature
8078:5 June
8066:
8058:
8048:
8013:5 June
8001:
7974:Nature
7937:
7910:Nature
7873:
7846:Nature
7809:
7782:Nature
7745:
7713:5 June
7702:108935
7699:
7691:
7659:
7619:5 June
7607:
7599:
7589:
7547:5 June
7532:
7503:Nature
7475:5 June
7463:
7453:
7443:
7413:5 June
7401:
7393:
7383:
7340:5 June
7328:
7296:5 June
7284:
7280:: 94.
7234:108490
7231:
7223:
7182:108528
7179:
7171:
7129:
7121:
7113:
7103:
7058:108423
7055:
7047:
6998:108281
6995:
6987:
6938:108302
6935:
6927:
6890:
6830:
6826:: 72.
6792:
6734:108208
6731:
6723:
6636:108184
6633:
6625:
6588:
6503:
6453:
6382:107981
6379:
6371:
6337:
6280:107858
6277:
6269:
6181:
6173:
6165:
6103:107486
6100:
6092:
6052:5 June
6040:
5962:
5919:5 June
5907:
5899:
5853:
5809:5 June
5795:107330
5792:
5784:
5708:5 June
5698:531628
5696:
5651:5 June
5637:107155
5634:
5626:
5587:
5579:
5522:107065
5519:
5511:
5474:
5424:
5395:Nature
5370:8 June
5328:
5318:
5289:
5283:115194
5281:
5273:
5220:
5212:
5204:
5194:
5160:
5079:
5032:
5020:: 86.
2771:German
2691:German
2465:French
2309:German
2111:French
1875:German
1631:French
1593:French
1479:French
1403:French
1327:German
1247:French
1205:French
1080:French
1035:French
899:French
700:Optics
695:French
501:French
322:Notes
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233:Sweden
221:France
122:
97:
13388:(PDF)
13377:S2CID
13369:eISSN
13341:(PDF)
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12900:S2CID
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12784:(PDF)
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12234:(PDF)
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12078:(1).
12036:S2CID
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12014:(1).
11932:S2CID
11924:JSTOR
11910:(1).
11868:S2CID
11860:JSTOR
11846:(1).
11812:(PDF)
11801:eISSN
11769:(PDF)
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11639:AIM25
11611:(PDF)
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8036:[
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6151:Wiley
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6090:eISSN
5992:(5).
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5803:(PDF)
5790:JSTOR
5782:eISSN
5768:(PDF)
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5680:(2).
5645:(PDF)
5632:JSTOR
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5606:(PDF)
5585:S2CID
5577:eISSN
5530:(PDF)
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5509:eISSN
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5077:JSTOR
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5016:(2).
4976:(PDF)
4963:(PDF)
4903:Parma
4820:Notes
4759:2024
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4619:2021
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4527:2019
4493:2018
4441:2016
4383:2014
4366:Raman
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4215:2006
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4055:1998
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3975:1994
3929:1992
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3807:1986
3773:1984
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3647:1978
3605:1976
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3495:1970
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3405:1966
3391:Dutch
3363:1964
3325:1962
3287:1960
3253:1958
3215:1956
3181:1954
3167:Dutch
3139:1952
3097:1950
3055:1948
3021:1946
2979:1944
2937:1942
2899:1940
2861:1938
2827:1936
2813:Dutch
2785:1934
2743:1932
2729:Dutch
2701:1930
2663:1928
2621:1926
2579:1924
2565:Dutch
2537:1922
2499:1920
2437:1918
2395:1916
2357:1914
2347:Dutch
2319:1912
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2275:Dutch
2247:1908
2209:1906
2171:1904
2125:1902
2083:1900
2074:ether
2041:1898
1965:1896
1927:1894
1889:1892
1847:1890
1805:1888
1763:1886
1725:1884
1687:1882
1641:1880
1603:1878
1565:1876
1527:1874
1489:1872
1451:1870
1413:1868
1375:1866
1337:1864
1299:1862
1261:1860
1219:1858
1177:1856
1139:1854
1094:1852
1052:1850
1007:1848
965:1846
955:1844
913:1842
871:1840
829:1838
819:1836
781:1834
739:1832
729:1830
719:1828
709:1826
667:1824
657:1822
647:1820
605:1818
563:1816
529:1814
519:1812
473:1810
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383:1804
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364:Light
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307:Year
241:Italy
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39:Award
14169:2024
14137:2024
14105:2024
14073:2024
14041:2024
14009:2024
13976:2024
13944:2024
13912:2024
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13783:2024
13751:2024
13718:2024
13686:2024
13653:2024
13621:2024
13589:2024
13557:2024
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13493:2024
13460:2024
13428:2024
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13323:2024
13291:2024
13275:ISSN
13249:2009
13217:2024
13201:ISSN
13175:2009
13143:2009
13109:2024
13074:2009
13042:2024
12978:2024
12916:2024
12852:2024
12792:2009
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12645:2024
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12553:2024
12529:PMID
12473:2024
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12116:2024
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11988:2024
11972:ISSN
11948:2024
11884:2024
11820:2024
11752:2009
11720:2024
11652:2009
11619:2024
11547:2024
11483:2009
11446:2024
11374:2024
11311:2009
11269:2024
11214:2024
11182:2024
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11069:2024
11001:2009
10969:2024
10901:2024
10833:2009
10800:2024
10732:2024
10664:2024
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10304:OCLC
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10272:2024
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9499:2024
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9393:ISBN
9358:2024
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9229:2024
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8988:2024
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8804:2024
8762:2024
8746:OCLC
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8728:ISBN
8688:2024
8628:2024
8564:2024
8509:2024
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8445:2024
8429:OCLC
8387:2024
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8206:2024
8142:2024
8080:2024
8064:OCLC
8056:LCCN
8046:ISBN
8015:2024
7951:2024
7887:2024
7823:2024
7759:2024
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7715:2024
7621:2024
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7587:ISBN
7549:2024
7477:2024
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7415:2024
7399:OCLC
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7298:2024
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7101:ISBN
7074:2024
7014:2024
6954:2024
6886:2009
6844:2024
6828:OCLC
6788:2009
6747:2024
6693:2009
6652:2024
6584:2009
6546:2024
6501:ISBN
6470:2024
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6427:37 C
6395:2024
6333:2009
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6236:2009
6195:2024
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6163:ISSN
6116:2024
6054:2024
6038:OCLC
6006:2024
5958:2009
5921:2024
5905:PMID
5849:2009
5811:2024
5751:2009
5710:2024
5653:2024
5538:2024
5470:2009
5433:2024
5372:2024
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5326:OCLC
5316:ISBN
5229:2024
5210:OCLC
5202:LCCN
5192:ISBN
5171:2024
5158:ISBN
5126:2024
5090:2024
5046:2024
4984:2024
4482:and
4372:and
4090:and
3960:and
362:and
360:Heat
279:and
271:and
263:and
135:The
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76:1800
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13010:doi
12954:doi
12884:doi
12820:doi
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12713:doi
12701:422
12613:doi
12609:410
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12084:doi
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11779:220
11680:doi
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11578:204
11528:doi
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11472:doi
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11238:178
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11095:doi
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11028:170
10940:doi
10928:166
10872:doi
10860:162
10771:doi
10759:158
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10635:doi
10623:150
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10487:142
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10363:doi
10351:134
10243:doi
10231:130
10175:doi
10163:126
10107:doi
10095:122
10039:doi
10027:118
9971:doi
9959:114
9903:doi
9891:110
9828:doi
9777:doi
9765:102
9713:doi
9654:doi
9590:doi
9520:doi
9470:doi
9385:doi
9332:doi
9205:doi
9107:doi
9027:doi
8957:192
8902:doi
8836:doi
8720:doi
8664:doi
8599:doi
8545:doi
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8308:doi
8234:177
8182:doi
8116:doi
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7927:doi
7863:doi
7799:doi
7685:156
7647:doi
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7579:doi
7520:doi
7373:doi
7278:202
7217:144
7165:142
7041:140
6981:138
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6875:doi
6777:doi
6717:130
6619:128
6573:doi
6493:doi
6443:doi
6365:123
6322:doi
6263:117
6155:doi
6082:109
5947:doi
5889:doi
5838:doi
5778:101
5686:doi
5567:doi
5459:doi
5412:doi
5400:128
5261:doi
5150:doi
4901:in
3920:LCD
3720:in
14548::
14153:.
14121:.
14089:.
14057:.
14025:.
13999:.
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13349:.
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13281:.
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13233:.
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13165:.
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