2779:
2737:
1331:
2351:
1597:
1799:
4133:
907:
2573:
2002:
1959:
2165:
377:
4703:
4563:
2493:
1171:
557:
1255:
2077:
1635:
1719:
1046:
1483:
4753:
2313:
3357:
2203:
3091:
2241:
1407:
1001:
959:
1681:
2657:
2119:
425:
1883:
115:
4521:
3224:
1757:
3133:
2893:
1521:
1293:
4613:
4323:
2035:
2855:
3599:
1213:
4377:
3618:
3641:
1445:
1559:
865:
823:
3049:
733:
3437:
4665:
467:
2615:
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2138:
2054:
1940:
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1654:
1540:
1426:
1350:
1274:
1152:
1107:
978:
926:
842:
752:
618:
576:
538:
444:
396:
340:
83:
3376:
3152:
2798:
2714:
2550:
2332:
2260:
661:
599:
4684:
2874:
1776:
1369:
3399:
1841:
2470:
2531:
2431:
4049:
1133:
3281:
2184:
1921:
41:
4224:
1088:
321:
2389:
2695:
3456:
1978:
4632:
4450:
2756:
2676:
2294:
2021:
1860:
1312:
2973:
177:"Noscere quae vis et causa". The reverse had the Latin inscription "Proemium optime merenti ex instituto Benj. a Rumford, S.R.I. Comitis: adjudicatum a Reg. Soc. Lond." surrounded by an ornamental border of leaves. This design was discontinued in 1863. As of 2024, the obverse of the medal has a portrait of Thompson, surrounded by the Latin inscription "Beniamin Ab Rvmford S. Rom. Imp. Comes Institvit" ("Benjamin Rumford,
2912:
1902:
1738:
1498:
2450:
2096:
1616:
1578:
1464:
1388:
1232:
1190:
1065:
1020:
884:
680:
486:
775:
1818:
794:
14175:
1433:"For his researches on the qualitative as well as quantitative relation between the emissive and absorptive powers of bodies for heat and light, published originally in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, and now made more generally accessible by the publication in 1866 of his treatise on heat"
10300:
204:
for more than three years are eligible for the medal. Candidates for the medal are selected by the Royal
Society Council on the recommendations of the Physical Sciences Awards Committee. Ten times during the early 19th century, no medals were awarded due to the unavailability of suitable candidates
10274:
189:. The reverse has the Latin inscription "Optime In Lvcis Caloqisqve Natvra Exqvirena Merenti Adivdicat Soc: Reg: Lond." ("The Royal Society of London awards this to one outstandingly deserving in investigating the nature of light and heat") inscribed within a
1707:"For his Photographic Researches and his discovery of the method of photographing the less refrangible part of the spectrum, especially the infra-red region; also for his Researches on the absorption of various compound bodies in this part of the spectrum"
3789:"In recognition of his many contributions to the theory and design of optical instruments, especially of a wide variety of important new medical instruments which have made a major contribution to clinical diagnosis and surgery"
4509:"For pioneering work in the quantum control of light and matter on ultrashort timescales, especially the invention and application of new techniques for characterization of quantum and classical light fields."
4961:
3511:"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to engineering and of his leadership of engineering design teams in the chemical and atomic energy industries and in electricity generation"
3857:"In recognition of his pioneering work on optical diagnostics and electrical aspects of combustion and his fundamental studies of flame problems associated with jet engines and furnaces"
8425:
4083:
leading to a very rapid growth of development activities aimed at plastic electronic displays, with advantages of very low cost, flexibility, and the option of curved or flat surfaces"
13989:
13666:
12958:
9507:. Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences (in Dutch and English). Vol. 2. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. p. 320.
13763:
11968:
4691:"For his wide-ranging contributions to atmospheric physics, employing fundamental principles of physics to elucidate phenomena across the spectrum of planetary atmospheres."
5352:
13373:
8965:
7322:
7227:
7051:
6991:
6931:
6629:
6273:
5788:
5630:
5515:
2778:
13731:
11622:
14139:
8252:
152:
1,000 to the Royal
Society in stocks, instructing the latter to grant the awardee the fund's interest as a premium. Thompson was awarded the inaugural award in 1800.
9542:
9338:
8742:
7739:
7601:
7457:
7395:
6034:
5986:
4231:"For his pioneering work on molten salts and dense plasmas that has led the way to a quantitative understanding of the structure and dynamics of strongly correlated
13463:
9407:
9209:
8186:
8122:
8060:
7695:
7278:
6824:
6727:
6375:
13796:
6096:
14053:
13698:
11722:
9149:
4948:
3995:, a fundamental ingredient in many materials, to methods of making strong fibres and to the understanding of polymer solutions which underlie this technology"
10981:
13334:
13271:
11455:
11283:
11078:
6858:
6760:
6556:
6523:
6305:
5930:
5821:
5442:
12565:
5006:
2191:"For his researches on radio-activity, particularly for his discovery of the existence and properties of the gaseous emanations from radio-active bodies"
13860:
13197:
5901:
13408:
6512:
Scientific
Crosscurrents Between Italy and England – Italian contributions to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 17th–19th centuries
1159:"For the successful construction of a new smoke-consuming and fuel-saving fire-grate, described in the Journal of the Society of Arts of May 12, 1854"
155:
The award initially consisted of two medals, one each in silver and gold, struck in the same die. This was later replaced with a single medal made of
14107:
13828:
13044:
687:"For his development of the undulatory theory as applied to the phenomena of polarized light, and for his various important discoveries in Physical
14216:
13892:
4797:
3075:"For his outstanding contributions to the attainment of low temperatures and to the study of the properties of substances at temperatures near the
6202:
13924:
9111:
8940:
8777:
8217:
7668:
7200:
7148:
7024:
6964:
6904:
6700:
6602:
6348:
6246:
6065:
5761:
5599:
5488:
7931:
6175:
5717:
2736:
11864:
8405:
6659:
5690:
272:. From 1800 to 2018, the medal was awarded biennially; since then it has been awarded annually. The most recent recipient is British physicist
14540:
13919:
8393:
12756:
208:
Since its inception, the medal has been granted to 108 scientists. It has been awarded to citizens of the United
Kingdom sixty-seven times,
14327:
14085:
14021:
13979:
13022:
12896:
12832:
12733:
12625:
12533:
12453:
12373:
12096:
12032:
11928:
11700:
3493:
3197:"For his distinguished contributions to the technique for the production of high vacua and to the development of the reflecting microscope"
13656:
3425:"In recognition of his distinguished and paramount personal contribution to the establishment of economic nuclear energy in Great Britain"
2843:"For his researches on the use of polarized light for investigating directly the stresses in transparent models of engineering structures"
1319:"For his researches on the fixed lines of the solar spectrum, and on the inversion of the bright lines in the spectra of artificial light"
14301:
12186:
1395:"For his Optical Researches, and especially for his investigations into the Effect of Heat on the Refractive Power of Transparent Bodies"
13633:
12648:"80th Birthday Celebration for Professor Felix Weinberg, at the Chemical Engineering Department, Imperial College London, 23 April 2008"
12647:
12219:
13956:
12919:
5106:
1585:"For his numerous & important researches in the radiation and absorption of light, carried on chiefly by means of the spectroscope"
13753:
13440:
13219:
4159:"For outstanding contributions to our fundamental understanding of the structure and dynamics of reaction processes on solid surfaces"
13601:
13569:
6017:
2805:"For his researches on the properties of bodies at low temperatures, and in particular, for his recent work on cooling by the use of
13537:
3307:"For his distinguished work in the field of molecular spectroscopy and particularly its application to the study of flame phenomena"
2350:
14230:
13155:
12313:
11950:
13505:
6664:
6207:
5722:
4548:
6447:
5342:
1596:
14260:
13326:
9840:
9717:
9594:
8906:
8668:
8312:
7995:
7867:
7803:
403:"For his Experiments on Heat, published in his Work, entitled an Experimental Inquiry into the Nature and Propagation of Heat."
8932:
7192:
7140:
7016:
6956:
6896:
6594:
6238:
5753:
5591:
5480:
1330:
13721:
13089:
9528:
9385:
9251:
8720:
8038:
7579:
7373:
6493:
14149:
8486:
3037:"For his leading part in the application of modern physical chemistry to many technological problems of pressing importance"
1623:"For his various optical researches, and especially for his recent re-determination of the velocity of propagation of light"
14550:
13947:"Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell awarded world's oldest scientific prize as Royal Society announces 2021 medal and award winners"
11797:
2572:
13473:
13111:
11596:
11423:
11159:
11046:
10946:
10878:
10777:
10709:
10641:
10573:
10505:
10437:
10369:
10249:
10181:
10113:
10045:
9977:
9909:
9476:
9033:
8605:
7526:
13786:
4132:
1798:
11190:
5132:
14043:
13688:
13303:
9620:
9236:
7560:
The
Synthesis of the Elements – The Astrophysical Quest for Nucleosynthesis and What It Can Tell Us About the Universe
10803:
7433:
7093:
5308:
5184:
5174:
5150:
3927:
2501:
9137:
2458:
1072:"For his 'Experimental Investigations on Polarized Light,' the concluding memoirs on which were communicated to the
14433:
14207:
12799:
12684:
12592:
12484:
12404:
12340:
8811:
7726:
7563:
7309:
5236:
3583:"In recognition of his contributions to physical metallurgy and particularly in extending knowledge of the role of
13084:
12244:
11321:
11216:
3751:"In recognition of his unique contribution to the design of optical instruments ranging from large telescopes to
2359:
13252:
12118:
11494:
9743:
6510:
5026:
14306:
14179:
11732:
11195:
8334:
3626:
3383:"For his distinguished work on the scattering processes in the interplanetary medium and his prediction of the
132:
for "outstanding contributions in the field of physics". The award is named in honour of
British scientist Sir
12555:
13850:
13178:
10971:
9852:
9729:
9606:
9145:
9123:
8918:
8680:
8511:
7943:
7879:
7815:
5863:
13398:
5542:"Geometry versus Analysis in Early 19th-Century Scotland – John Leslie, William Wallace, and Thomas Carlyle"
14377:
14117:
13119:
5982:
3407:
13818:
12985:"Address of the President, Sir Michael Atiyah, O.M., Given at the Anniversary Meeting on 30 November 1994"
12859:"Address of the President, Sir Michael Atiyah, O.M., Given at the Anniversary Meeting on 30 November 1992"
14322:
13054:
7261:
6807:
4891:
4594:
3992:
3019:
1689:
906:
13882:
763:, for measuring the Expansion of Solids,' published in the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1831"
14482:
14255:
12764:
12680:"The Award of Medals by the President, Sir George Porter, at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1988"
9243:
7085:
6216:
3991:"In recognition of his contributions to polymer science, in particular his elucidation of the basis of
3954:
3771:
3000:
1489:
1073:
1027:"For his 'Experiments to determine the Laws and the numerical data which enter into the calculation of
987:
Optical
Phenomena developed by the action of Magnets and Electric Currents in certain Transparent Media
850:
13914:
12588:"The award of medals by the President, Sir George Porter, at the Anniversary Meeting, 1 December 1986"
3891:"For discovering and applying techniques for depositing and characterising thin films of high quality
2164:
1958:
108:
14291:
6124:
5731:
5347:
4903:
At the time of the award, Lenard was living in
Germany, though he retained his Hungarian citizenship.
4193:"In recognition of his many contributions to molecular spectroscopy and to the dynamics of molecular
4175:
3160:
2642:
2211:
1868:
1662:
1201:, and its relations to polarized light, and for the researches to which he was led by that discovery"
11822:
11632:
6673:
5656:
2763:"For the outstanding importance of his work in physical chemistry, especially in the application of
1891:
14545:
14185:
13049:
12795:"Award of Medals by the President, Lord Porter, O.M., at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1990"
12652:
6669:
6419:
6212:
5727:
4593:
of exquisite precision, of ultra-stable lasers and of frequency standards for fundamental physics,
4571:
4289:
2127:
1825:"For important and long-continued investigations, which have largely advanced our knowledge of the
7304:
4887:
114:
14296:
13791:
13726:
13596:
13468:
13403:
13224:
12769:
9369:
8019:"The Foundation of the "Paris Observatory for Physical Astronomy" … Located in the Meudon Estate"
7357:
5973:
3365:
2787:
2001:
1765:
385:
197:
160:
14075:
14011:
12984:
12858:
12794:
12679:
12587:
12480:"Address of the President Sir Andrew Huxley, O. M. at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1984"
12479:
12399:
12335:
12054:
11990:
11886:
11654:
2312:
13661:
13258:
13184:
8694:
8212:
7082:
From Newton to
Hawking – A History of Cambridge University's Lucasian Professors of Mathematics
4997:
4802:
4738:
4141:
4118:
4030:
3908:
3896:
2806:
2321:
163:
created the original design of the medal. The diameter of the medal is 3 inches (7.62 cm). The
137:
9502:
9298:
8698:
8437:
7721:
7555:
7417:
7349:
7077:
6012:
5968:
5053:
4702:
2881:"In recognition of his distinguished work and discoveries in many branches of physical optics"
475:
376:
14497:
14492:
14240:
14235:
14048:
13855:
13623:
13298:
12657:
12178:
9361:
9171:
8148:
8082:
8018:
7663:
7256:
6802:
6695:
6343:
5294:
4761:
4734:
4673:
4472:
3950:
3323:
1529:
1096:
1009:
741:
669:
527:
273:
13946:
11185:
6060:
5096:
1482:
14200:
14144:
13430:
13229:
12934:
12693:
12493:
12413:
12258:
12132:
11771:
11570:
11508:
11397:
11335:
11230:
11133:
11020:
10920:
10852:
10751:
10683:
10615:
10547:
10479:
10411:
10343:
10223:
10155:
10087:
10019:
9951:
9883:
9757:
9693:
9634:
9450:
9312:
9185:
9087:
9007:
8882:
8644:
8525:
8348:
8288:
8162:
8096:
7971:
7907:
7843:
7779:
7500:
6423:
5546:
5392:
5128:
5010:
4598:
4562:
3904:
3733:
3342:
3289:
3179:
1453:
1240:
626:
494:
13592:
13559:
2492:
1045:
556:
8:
14286:
13527:
12560:
12400:"Address of the President Sir Andrew Huxley at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1982"
11955:
9377:
8704:
8030:
7365:
6655:
6519:
6198:
6130:
5868:
5713:
4650:
4547:"For world leading research on optical orbital momentum including an angular form of the
4076:
3946:
3687:
3251:
3213:
2954:
2825:
2397:
2062:
2043:
1263:
1254:
1170:
849:"For his 'Experiments on the Polarization of Heat,' published in the Transactions of the
201:
164:
13145:
12938:
12697:
12497:
12417:
12262:
12136:
11775:
11574:
11512:
11401:
11339:
11234:
11137:
11024:
10924:
10856:
10755:
10687:
10619:
10551:
10483:
10415:
10347:
10227:
10159:
10091:
10023:
9955:
9887:
9761:
9697:
9638:
9454:
9316:
9189:
9091:
9011:
8886:
8648:
8529:
8352:
8292:
8166:
8100:
7975:
7911:
7847:
7783:
7504:
6427:
5396:
5014:
4886:
At the time of the award, Melloni was living as a refugee in France for his role in the
167:
featured a tripod altar with a flame upon it, circumscribed by a Latin inscription from
13365:
13357:
13014:
13006:
12950:
12888:
12880:
12824:
12816:
12725:
12709:
12617:
12609:
12525:
12509:
12445:
12429:
12365:
12357:
12303:
12274:
12211:
12203:
12148:
12088:
12080:
12024:
12016:
11920:
11912:
11856:
11848:
11789:
11692:
11684:
11676:
11588:
11524:
11415:
11351:
11246:
11151:
11038:
10938:
10870:
10769:
10701:
10633:
10565:
10497:
10429:
10361:
10241:
10173:
10105:
10037:
9969:
9901:
9824:
9773:
9709:
9650:
9586:
9516:
9468:
9330:
9231:
9201:
9103:
9025:
8957:
8949:
8898:
8850:
8842:
8834:
8781:
8660:
8597:
8541:
8478:
8409:
8364:
8304:
8234:
8226:
8178:
8114:
7987:
7923:
7859:
7795:
7685:
7677:
7645:
7518:
7439:
7354:
Interference – The
History of Optical Interferometry and the Scientists Who Tamed Light
7217:
7209:
7165:
7157:
7041:
7033:
6981:
6973:
6921:
6913:
6717:
6709:
6619:
6611:
6365:
6357:
6263:
6255:
6167:
6086:
6078:
5885:
5881:
5778:
5770:
5682:
5620:
5612:
5573:
5565:
5505:
5497:
5410:
5275:
5267:
5259:
5065:
5018:
4780:
4416:
4213:
2722:
1990:
915:
873:
831:
498:
14108:"Nobel Prize-winning scientist wins Royal Society's most prestigious scientific award"
13495:
12336:"Address of the President Lord Todd, O.M. at the Anniversary Meeting, 1 December 1980"
2076:
2010:
1634:
261:
13984:
13369:
13263:
13189:
13018:
12989:
12892:
12863:
12828:
12717:
12621:
12529:
12517:
12449:
12437:
12369:
12215:
12092:
12059:
12028:
11995:
11960:
11924:
11891:
11860:
11827:
11696:
11659:
10292:
10284:
10280:
9832:
9807:
9534:
9524:
9399:
9391:
9381:
9265:
9257:
9247:
8854:
8734:
8726:
8716:
8470:
8417:
8244:
8052:
8044:
8034:
7731:
7585:
7575:
7449:
7429:
7387:
7379:
7369:
7314:
7270:
7107:
7099:
7089:
6816:
6489:
6439:
6402:
6159:
6151:
6139:
6026:
5893:
5859:
5661:
5577:
5314:
5304:
5279:
5198:
5190:
5180:
5146:
4913:
4308:
4194:
3892:
3873:
2665:
2173:
2104:
783:
329:
182:
145:
133:
13689:"ARM technology creators among top scientists honoured by the Royal Society in 2016"
9802:
9679:
9564:
9073:
8868:
8630:
8482:
8274:
7957:
7893:
7829:
7765:
6171:
4752:
4033:
developing this technique to a sophisticated level and one which is widely used for
3823:"In recognition of his contributions to scientific developments in the gas industry"
3545:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to meteorology, particularly the
1054:
14333:
13347:
12998:
12942:
12872:
12808:
12729:
12701:
12601:
12501:
12421:
12349:
12289:
12266:
12249:
12195:
12163:
12140:
12123:
12072:
12008:
11904:
11840:
11779:
11762:
11727:
11668:
11578:
11561:
11539:
11516:
11499:
11460:
11405:
11388:
11366:
11343:
11326:
11288:
11277:
11261:
11238:
11221:
11141:
11124:
11083:
11028:
11011:
10976:
10928:
10911:
10860:
10843:
10759:
10742:
10691:
10674:
10623:
10606:
10555:
10538:
10487:
10470:
10419:
10402:
10351:
10334:
10231:
10214:
10163:
10146:
10095:
10078:
10027:
10010:
9959:
9942:
9891:
9874:
9816:
9788:
9765:
9748:
9701:
9684:
9665:
9642:
9625:
9578:
9569:
9508:
9458:
9441:
9373:
9320:
9303:
9193:
9176:
9095:
9078:
9015:
8998:
8890:
8873:
8824:
8708:
8652:
8635:
8587:
8578:
8556:
8533:
8516:
8456:"Pietro Tacchini (1838-1905), a key-figure in the post-Unitarian Italian astronomy"
8379:
8356:
8339:
8296:
8279:
8170:
8153:
8104:
8087:
7979:
7962:
7915:
7898:
7851:
7834:
7787:
7770:
7635:
7567:
7508:
7491:
7361:
6863:
6765:
6561:
6481:
6431:
6310:
6143:
5935:
5877:
5826:
5674:
5555:
5447:
5436:
5400:
5383:
5249:
5138:
4730:
4358:
4011:
3668:
3527:
1718:
1377:
1301:
892:
13079:
11479:
11307:
11102:
9820:
6882:
6784:
6580:
6329:
5954:
5845:
5466:
1727:
14507:
14502:
14487:
14477:
14443:
14348:
14281:
14193:
9273:
8455:
8451:
7593:
7115:
5206:
4385:
4080:
2935:
2623:
2283:
2249:
2085:
1807:
1643:
1415:
1357:"For his researches on the absorption and radiation of heat by gases and vapours"
967:
433:
173:
11754:
6435:
4733:, enabling the realisation of high capacity, broad bandwidth, multi-wavelength,
4365:
laser sources, which translated fundamental discoveries to practical technology"
3667:"In recognition of his distinguished studies of very fast chemical reactions by
2919:"For his pioneer work in high precision X-ray spectroscopy and its applications"
2641:"For his services to physical science, especially in the subjects of optics and
14467:
14459:
14413:
14382:
13123:
12980:
12854:
11553:
11464:
11380:
11292:
11116:
11087:
11003:
10903:
10835:
10734:
10666:
10598:
10530:
10462:
10394:
10326:
10206:
10138:
10070:
10002:
9934:
9866:
9433:
9238:
Rutherford – Being the Life and Letters of the Right Hon. Lord Rutherford, O.M.
8990:
8570:
7483:
6769:
5830:
5451:
5375:
4362:
4270:
4099:
4057:
3839:
3752:
3706:
3607:
3473:"For his contributions to optics, especially by establishing the principles of
3356:
3090:
2901:
2863:
2764:
1967:
1849:
1406:
986:
958:
607:
257:
178:
149:
141:
88:
9538:
9512:
9403:
9269:
8765:
7571:
7453:
7391:
7111:
6867:
6565:
6485:
6314:
5939:
5318:
5202:
4653:, how small fluctuations in the early universe develop into today’s galaxies."
4520:
3953:, especially in the physical properties of liquids and the development of the
2202:
1985:"For their investigation of the phenomena produced outside a highly exhausted
1947:"For his researches on the properties of matter at extremely low temperatures"
1680:
1000:
424:
14534:
14276:
14250:
14112:
14080:
14016:
13951:
13887:
13823:
13758:
13693:
13628:
13564:
13532:
13500:
13435:
13361:
13343:
13267:
13193:
13150:
12954:
12925:
12475:
12395:
12308:
12278:
12207:
12152:
12068:
12004:
11964:
11900:
11836:
11793:
11680:
11592:
11528:
11419:
11355:
11250:
11155:
11042:
10942:
10874:
10773:
10705:
10637:
10569:
10501:
10433:
10365:
10296:
10288:
10245:
10177:
10109:
10041:
9973:
9905:
9828:
9777:
9713:
9654:
9590:
9520:
9472:
9334:
9205:
9107:
9029:
8953:
8902:
8838:
8820:
8785:
8738:
8664:
8601:
8545:
8474:
8413:
8368:
8308:
8230:
8182:
8118:
8056:
7991:
7927:
7863:
7799:
7735:
7681:
7649:
7640:
7623:
7589:
7522:
7318:
7274:
7213:
7161:
7037:
6977:
6917:
6820:
6713:
6615:
6443:
6410:
6361:
6259:
6155:
6082:
6074:
6030:
5774:
5670:
5616:
5608:
5569:
5501:
5414:
5263:
5245:
5142:
5101:
4956:
4711:
4612:
4529:
4408:
4404:
4350:
4331:
4034:
3973:
3714:
3713:
helium and his development of new techniques for precise measurements within
3710:
3649:
3565:
3546:
3384:
3141:
3099:
3076:
3057:
2981:
2656:
2558:
2539:
2439:
2240:
2146:
1826:
1666:
1567:
1179:
277:
265:
225:
190:
129:
98:
45:
20:
13722:"Top awards for materials expert and a physicist who is manipulating matter"
9277:
7597:
7119:
5210:
1520:
1281:"For his Researches on the Composition of Colours, and other Optical papers"
545:"For his Essay on Dew, published in the course of the preceding (1815) year"
14423:
14403:
14367:
14245:
13352:
13293:
13002:
12876:
12812:
12705:
12605:
12505:
12425:
12353:
12076:
12012:
11908:
11844:
11672:
10312:
9836:
9419:
8829:
8806:
8421:
8248:
8198:
8134:
7751:
7707:
7469:
7334:
7290:
6836:
6739:
6387:
6163:
6108:
6046:
5998:
5897:
5678:
5560:
5541:
5254:
5231:
5082:
4856:
4830:
4826:
4621:
4590:
4491:
4420:
4322:
4251:
4232:
3445:
2892:
2478:
2118:
1882:
1605:
1506:
1339:
1198:
1115:
1028:
565:
269:
186:
12721:
12521:
12441:
11449:
11072:
10813:
8712:
6754:
5815:
1756:
1547:"For his spectroscopic researches on the sun and on the chemical elements"
1292:
587:
and Flame, published in the last volume of the Philosophical Transactions"
14428:
14418:
14387:
7252:
6852:
6798:
6550:
6299:
5924:
5296:
Scientific Institutions and Practice in France and Britain, c.1700–c.1870
4843:
4822:
4439:
4354:
3805:
3584:
2958:
2745:
2703:
2600:
2061:"For his researches in radiation and in the relations between matter and
1986:
1929:
1221:
1141:
253:
217:
156:
7444:
5070:
4912:
At the time of the award, Rutherford was living in Montreal, working at
732:
256:. The medal has been awarded to multiple individuals twice: in 1896, to
14472:
14408:
13883:"Royal Society announces 2020 winners of prestigious medals and awards"
12713:
12613:
12513:
12433:
12361:
9366:"A Living Work of Art" – The Life and Science of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
7078:"Arbiters of Victorian science – George Gabriel Stokes and Joshua King"
6147:
5889:
4664:
4468:
3900:
3598:
3474:
3132:
2854:
2581:
2267:"On the ground of his investigations in optical and electrical science"
2034:
1444:
1212:
584:
466:
245:
13010:
12946:
12884:
12084:
12020:
11916:
11852:
11784:
11688:
11347:
11242:
8846:
8239:
7690:
7222:
7170:
7046:
6986:
6926:
6722:
6624:
6370:
6268:
6091:
5783:
5686:
5625:
5510:
5271:
4376:
3640:
1665:, and especially for his determination of the radial component of the
598:
13431:"Neurobiologist wins Royal Society award to promote women in science"
12820:
12270:
12199:
12144:
11583:
11520:
11410:
11146:
11033:
10933:
10865:
10764:
10696:
10628:
10560:
10492:
10424:
10356:
10236:
10168:
10100:
10032:
9964:
9896:
9769:
9705:
9646:
9582:
9463:
9325:
9197:
9138:"Exploring Radioactivity: Rutherford at McGill University, 1898–1907"
9099:
9020:
8961:
8894:
8656:
8592:
8537:
8360:
8300:
8174:
8109:
7983:
7919:
7855:
7791:
7513:
6477:
5405:
5300:
5022:
4991:
3945:"In recognition of his wide-ranging and imaginative contributions to
3232:
3003:, which have greatly influenced the development of the various types"
1784:
864:
822:
760:
237:
168:
14215:
4821:
This number includes three scientists of mixed background. They are
3924:
3625:"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the theory of
3436:
3048:
159:. The medal is awarded with a cash prize of £2,000. British painter
40:
8027:
Un globe-trotter de la physique céleste – L’astronome Jules Janssen
3118:
2150:
1368:
934:
759:"For his paper, entitled, 'Further Experiments with a new Register
660:
452:
109:
https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/rumford-medal
13980:"Prestigious award for leading cosmologist from Durham University"
9395:
8770:
Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
8730:
8048:
8023:
The Astronomer Jules Janssen – A Globetrotter of Celestial Physics
7383:
7103:
5816:"Oxford DNB article: Wells, William Charles (subscription needed)"
5657:"The Royal Society and the foundation of the British Gas Industry"
5437:"Oxford DNB article: Thompson, Sir Benjamin (subscription needed)"
4925:
At the time of the award, Bowden was living in the United Kingdom.
2999:"In recognition of his important contributions to research on the
2614:
1558:
14076:"The Royal Society announces this year's medal and award winners"
14012:"The Royal Society announces this year's medal and award winners"
13819:"Recipients of Royal Society medals and awards in 2019 announced"
13754:"Recipients of Royal Society medals and awards in 2018 announced"
11450:"Oxford DNB article:Newitt, Dudley Maurice (subscription needed)"
4412:
4048:
3398:
2469:
2301:"For his researches on radiation, especially of long wave-length"
1840:
241:
233:
213:
13624:"Royal Society announces winner of world's oldest science prize"
9261:
7628:
Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers
5232:"Catalogue of the Medals in the Possession of The Royal Society"
5194:
4877:
Fresnel was awarded the Rumford Medal for the year 1824 in 1827.
2530:
2430:
320:
185:, founded this"), with the Roman numeral MDCCXCVI (1796) on the
14174:
5134:
A History of the Royal Society – With Memoirs of the Presidents
2519:"For his researches into the properties of gases at high vacua"
1488:
1132:
688:
249:
221:
209:
6551:"Oxford DNB article:Forbes, James David (subscription needed)"
4779:"For his seminal contributions to theoretical developments of
4075:"In recognition of his leading research in the development of
1920:
1686:
11627:
10808:
7624:"Obituary. John Tyndall, D.C.L., LL.D., M.D., FRS, 1820-1893"
5864:"Unorthodoxies in the First Formulation of Natural Selection"
5038:
4729:"For pioneering contributions to the fundamental physics and
4353:
ultrafast lasers and nonlinear fibre optics, including fibre
3280:
3269:"For his distinguished researches in spectroscopy and optics"
2416:
352:
229:
6853:"Oxford DNB article: Faraday, Michael (subscription needed)"
6403:"Macedonio Melloni between physics and political commitment"
2208:
14140:"Five Oxford scientists honoured with Royal Society Awards"
11623:"Penney, William, Baron Penney of East Hendred (1909–1991)"
5343:"Professor Polina Bayvel honoured with Royal Society medal"
5179:. Vol. 1. London: Seaby Publications Ltd. p. 98.
4286:
2972:
2694:
2388:
2124:
1087:
348:
148:. The award was created in 1796 after Thompson transferred
4949:"The Royal Society Medals and Awards: Nomination guidance"
3899:
to give useful electronic devices, such as cost-effective
2784:
1762:
774:
205:
or political considerations of the Royal Society Council.
14044:"Professorial Fellow awarded Royal Society Rumford Medal"
8941:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
8218:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
7669:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
7149:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
7025:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6965:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6905:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6701:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6603:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6349:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6247:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
6066:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
5762:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
5600:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
5489:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
2318:
1888:
1724:
276:, who received it in 2024. British academic and engineer
13915:"NPL Senior Fellow wins prestigious Royal Society Award"
7422:
Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
4670:
3320:
1526:
1093:
1006:
738:
666:
524:
13327:"Richard Newland Dixon. 25 December 1930 – 25 May 2021"
8463:
Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, Supplementi
3730:
3362:
3286:
3176:
1450:
989:, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1846"
13464:"Royal Society honours for College natural scientists"
3684:
3248:
3210:
2822:
2578:
2394:
2040:
1260:
472:
13787:"Royal Society medals go to three Imperial academics"
9062:. No. 36940. London. 2 December 1902. p. 6.
7201:
Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society of London
6653:
6196:
5711:
4210:
3490:
912:
870:
828:
48:(Sir Benjamin Thompson), for whom the award is named.
13335:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
3870:
2662:
2170:
1783:"For his researches on the spectrum by means of the
780:
326:
13851:"Two UofG scientists honoured by The Royal Society"
5007:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
4008:
3524:
2683:"For his contributions to the knowledge of spectra"
1374:
1298:
57:"outstanding contributions in the field of physics"
13251:
13177:
12918:
11459:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
11448:
11276:
11082:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
11071:
9235:
6851:
6764:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
6753:
6549:
6309:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
6298:
6123:
5934:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
5923:
5814:
5446:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
5435:
4990:
4382:
2620:
2280:
2246:
2082:
2007:
1804:
1640:
1412:
964:
493:"For his discoveries of certain new Properties of
430:
9246:. pp. 105, 116–117, 119, 120, 123–124, 128.
7556:"Preparing the Ground for Delving into the Stars"
5376:"Rumford and the Royal Institution: A Retrospect"
4859:, who is of mixed background (Hungarian/British).
4269:"For his extensive and highly innovative work in
4096:
4054:
3836:
3768:
3604:
3404:
3016:
2898:
1964:
1846:
1051:
604:
14532:
14217:Awards, lectures and medals of the Royal Society
13528:"Royal Society recognises excellence in science"
13399:"Cambridge scientists honoured by Royal Society"
12990:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
12864:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
12060:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
11996:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
11892:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
11828:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
11660:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
5662:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
4798:Awards, lectures and medals of the Royal Society
4708:
4526:
4311:using innovative instrumentation and techniques"
4172:
3970:
3646:
3562:
3159:"For his outstanding work in the development of
3138:
3096:
3054:
2978:
2932:
2536:
2498:
2436:
1564:
1176:
891:"For his researches in, and connected with, the
13657:"DNA pioneer Jeffreys wins Royal Society award"
8778:Budapest University of Technology and Economics
8700:Sir James Dewar, 1842-1923 – A Ruthless Chemist
7262:The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Review
6755:"Oxford DNB article: Talbot, William Henry Fox"
5054:"Notes on medals and societies granting medals"
4989:Lange, Erwin F.; Buyers, Ray F. (August 1955).
4618:
4568:
4488:
4411:, both artificial and natural to support novel
4248:
3442:
2475:
1602:
1336:
562:
8406:French National Centre for Scientific Research
8029:]. Translated by Dunlop, Storm. New York:
7350:"At Light Speed – The Birth of Interferometry"
4846:, who is of mixed background (German/British).
4436:
4307:"For his outstanding work into novel types of
3802:
2860:
2742:
2700:
2356:
1926:
1218:
1138:
801:"For his discoveries relevant to radiant heat"
382:
14201:
13294:"Bristol scientists win top chemistry awards"
11278:"Oxford DNB article:Merton, Sir Thomas Ralph"
9504:The Scientific Correspondence of H.A. Lorentz
7080:. In Knox, Kevin C.; Noakes, Richard (eds.).
6808:Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Chronicle
4328:
4138:
4035:dating extraterrestrial and terrestrial rocks
2721:"For his work relating to specific heats and
14328:Royal Society University Research Fellowship
13080:"Johnian recipients of Royal Society awards"
12187:Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences
11554:"The Royal Society of London – Medal Awards"
11287:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
11183:
8398:Bulletin Astronomique, Observatoire de Paris
6862:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
6560:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5825:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5655:Hutchison, William Kenneth (30 April 1985).
4758:
1471:"For his researches in Mineralogical Optics"
9362:"Nobel Prize and international recognition"
9360:Kox, A. J.; Schatz, H. F. (12 April 2021).
6300:"Oxford DNB article:Daniell, John Frederic"
4988:
2145:"For his success in the application of the
1909:"For his Spectroscopic Researches on Stars"
935:discoveries and improvements in photography
14208:
14194:
12800:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
12685:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
12593:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
12485:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
12405:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
12341:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
11951:"Sir John Mason, meteorologist – obituary"
11073:"Oxford DNB article:Burch, Cecil Reginald"
9565:"Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Society"
9299:"Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Society"
8991:"Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Society"
8812:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
5237:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
4751:
4701:
4663:
4611:
4561:
4519:
4375:
4321:
4131:
4047:
3639:
3597:
3435:
3397:
3355:
3279:
3131:
3089:
3047:
2971:
2891:
2853:
2777:
2735:
2693:
2655:
2613:
2529:
2491:
2468:
2429:
2425:
2387:
2349:
2239:
2201:
2163:
2117:
2075:
2033:
2000:
1957:
1953:
1919:
1881:
1839:
1797:
1755:
1717:
1679:
1633:
1595:
1557:
1519:
1481:
1443:
1405:
1367:
1329:
1291:
1253:
1211:
1169:
1131:
1086:
1044:
999:
957:
905:
863:
821:
773:
731:
659:
597:
555:
465:
451:"For his publication of the employment of
423:
375:
319:
113:
39:
13977:
13560:"Royal Society recognises top scientists"
13351:
12176:
11783:
11582:
11409:
11145:
11032:
10932:
10864:
10763:
10695:
10627:
10559:
10491:
10423:
10355:
10235:
10167:
10099:
10031:
9963:
9895:
9462:
9359:
9324:
9019:
8828:
8693:
8591:
8238:
8108:
7689:
7639:
7512:
7443:
7221:
7169:
7045:
6985:
6925:
6721:
6623:
6369:
6267:
6090:
6018:The English Mechanic and World of Science
5782:
5654:
5624:
5559:
5509:
5404:
5253:
5069:
3117:"For his pioneering contributions to the
10276:Year-book of the Royal Society of London
8450:
6508:
6471:
5292:
5051:
3895:and for demonstrating that these can be
3705:"In recognition of his discovery of the
3341:"For his distinguished contributions to
2463:
2339:"For his researches at low temperatures"
1995:
946:
810:
720:
710:
700:
648:
638:
510:
497:, published in the Second Volume of the
412:
364:
347:"For his various Discoveries respecting
13978:Priestley, Catherine (24 August 2021).
13784:
13590:
13324:
11620:
11495:"The Royal Society : Medal Awards"
11456:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
11284:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
11274:
11217:"Royal Society – Medal Awards for 1956"
11184:McLaren, Alex C.; Spink, J. A. (2006).
11079:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
10904:"Royal Society – Medal Awards for 1950"
10804:"Simon, Sir Francis Eugene (1893–1956)"
10802:Kemsley, Rachel, ed. (September 2002).
10801:
8807:"Anniversary Meeting November 30, 1896"
8394:"The observatory. Janvier–Février 1889"
6859:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6761:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6665:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
6557:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6474:Amedeo Avogadro, a Scientific Biography
6400:
6306:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6208:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
5931:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5822:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5723:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
5443:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4992:"Medals of the Royal Society of London"
2377:"For his numerous researches in optics"
307:
304:
301:
290:List of recipients of the Rumford Medal
14533:
14261:Royal Society Prizes for Science Books
13461:
13074:
13072:
12979:
12853:
12754:
12474:
12394:
8571:"The Anniversary of the Royal Society"
8017:Launay, Françoise (25 November 2011).
8016:
7553:
7075:
6803:"Literary and Scientific Intelligence"
5969:"Literary and Scientific Intelligence"
5925:"Oxford DNB article:Davy, Sir Humphry"
4349:"For his outstanding contributions to
3907:, now used in commercial, flat-panel,
14231:Armourers and Brasiers' Company Prize
14189:
14088:from the original on 1 September 2023
13719:
13669:from the original on 12 December 2022
13508:from the original on 16 November 2015
13158:from the original on 17 November 2015
11770:(5172): 1156–1157. 14 December 1968.
11492:
11334:(4646): 1344–1345. 15 November 1958.
11117:"Royal Society Medal Awards for 1954"
10783:from the original on 18 November 2023
10715:from the original on 19 November 2023
10647:from the original on 14 November 2023
10579:from the original on 17 November 2023
10443:from the original on 22 November 2023
10119:from the original on 16 November 2023
9482:from the original on 18 November 2023
9039:from the original on 14 November 2023
8971:from the original on 16 November 2020
8763:
7549:
7547:
7532:from the original on 25 November 2023
7347:
6849:
6547:
5858:
5812:
5539:
5373:
5337:
5335:
5293:Crosland, Maurice P. (31 May 2023) .
5172:
1116:Change in the Refrangibility of Light
625:"For his Discoveries relating to the
310:
283:
14541:1796 establishments in Great Britain
14342:Royal Society Research Professorship
13959:from the original on 28 October 2021
13831:from the original on 19 October 2019
13654:
13636:from the original on 7 December 2023
13274:from the original on 8 February 2022
12653:Combustion Institute British Section
12316:from the original on 1 December 2023
12257:(5676): 165–166. 14 September 1978.
11493:Young, E. H. P. (17 November 1962).
10984:from the original on 13 October 2012
8469:. Italian Astronomical Society: 33.
7562:. 0067-0057. Vol. 387. Berlin:
7251:
7076:Wilson, David B. (6 November 2003).
6797:
6472:Morselli, Mario (29 February 1984).
6121:
5127:
5029:from the original on 9 February 2022
4984:
4982:
4943:
4941:
4868:Thompson received the medal in 1804.
2149:to industrial purposes, and for its
1197:"For his discovery of the nature of
236:twice, and once each to citizens of
14056:from the original on 3 October 2023
13146:"Professor Wilson Sibbett FRS, CBE"
13069:
12177:Wilkinson, Frank (1 January 2003).
10395:"Medal Awards of the Royal Society"
10327:"Medal Awards of the Royal Society"
10154:(3185): 779–785. 15 November 1930.
10086:(3080): 738–743. 10 November 1928.
10018:(2976): 705–709. 13 November 1926.
9950:(2872): 724–728. 15 November 1924.
9882:(2768): 674–678. 18 November 1922.
9756:(2560): 229–233. 21 November 1918.
9692:(2455): 212–215. 16 November 1916.
9633:(2351): 316–319. 19 November 1914.
9500:
9230:
8766:"Philipp Lenard alias Lénárd Fülöp"
5176:British Historical Medals 1760-1960
4467:"For his pioneering work in active
4403:"For his outstanding creativity in
4117:"In recognition of his research on
4029:"In recognition of his work on the
3387:from interstellar neutral hydrogen"
3231:"For his distinguished work on the
2229:"For his experimental work on heat"
13:
14372:highest award of the Royal Society
13895:from the original on 4 August 2020
13701:from the original on 16 April 2024
13591:Jackson, Caroline (10 July 2012).
13092:from the original on 27 March 2023
12807:(1306): 147–151. 22 January 1991.
12131:(5585): 491–492. 2 December 1976.
11191:Australian Dictionary of Biography
11004:"Royal Society – Awards of Medals"
9378:10.1093/oso/9780198870500.001.0001
7544:
7366:10.1093/oso/9780192869760.001.0001
5882:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05608.x
5374:James, T. E. (19 September 1931).
5332:
5058:The Journal of the Society of Arts
4967:from the original on 22 April 2024
4737:systems that have underpinned the
1745:"For his spectroscopic researches"
455:, for the purpose of illumination"
14:
14562:
14167:
13992:from the original on 13 June 2024
13927:from the original on 13 June 2024
13799:from the original on 21 July 2018
13462:Reeves, Danielle (10 July 2008).
13411:from the original on 13 June 2024
13325:Ashford, M. N. R. (1 June 2022).
13220:"Awards, Prizes and Appointments"
13200:from the original on 7 March 2021
12961:from the original on 10 June 2024
12628:from the original on 13 June 2024
12568:from the original on 13 June 2024
12556:"Sir Denis Rooke, OM – Telegraph"
11803:from the original on 13 June 2024
11667:(1): 193–197. 30 September 1967.
11186:"Frank Philip Bowden (1903–1968)"
11052:from the original on 13 June 2024
10303:from the original on 13 June 2024
9915:from the original on 13 June 2024
9545:from the original on 13 June 2024
9449:(2141): 46–51. 10 November 1910.
9410:from the original on 13 June 2024
9341:from the original on 13 June 2024
9212:from the original on 13 June 2024
9184:(1828): 35–39. 10 November 1904.
9114:from the original on 13 June 2024
9086:(1725): 62–66. 20 November 1902.
8909:from the original on 10 June 2024
8881:(1411): 37–41. 12 November 1896.
8745:from the original on 13 June 2024
8524:(1100): 61–64. 20 November 1890.
8492:from the original on 28 June 2022
8428:from the original on 13 June 2024
8255:from the original on 13 June 2024
8189:from the original on 13 June 2024
8125:from the original on 13 June 2024
8063:from the original on 13 June 2024
7934:from the original on 13 June 2024
7870:from the original on 10 June 2024
7806:from the original on 10 June 2024
7742:from the original on 13 June 2024
7698:from the original on 13 June 2024
7604:from the original on 13 June 2024
7460:from the original on 13 June 2024
7398:from the original on 13 June 2024
7325:from the original on 13 June 2024
7281:from the original on 13 June 2024
7233:from the original on 23 June 2022
7057:from the original on 23 June 2022
6997:from the original on 23 June 2022
6937:from the original on 10 June 2024
6827:from the original on 13 June 2024
6730:from the original on 13 June 2024
6635:from the original on 8 March 2022
6453:from the original on 28 July 2020
6401:Colombi, Emanuela (29 May 2014).
6378:from the original on 13 June 2024
6279:from the original on 13 June 2024
6178:from the original on 12 June 2024
6099:from the original on 13 June 2024
6037:from the original on 13 June 2024
5989:from the original on 13 June 2024
5521:from the original on 23 June 2022
5355:from the original on 13 June 2024
5109:from the original on 4 March 2024
4979:
4938:
3928:Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley
2953:"For his outstanding work on the
2105:radiation proceeding from Uranium
1661:"For his important researches in
196:All citizens or residents of the
14173:
14148:. 28 August 2024. Archived from
14132:
14116:. 28 August 2024. Archived from
14100:
14068:
14036:
14024:from the original on 8 June 2023
14004:
13971:
13939:
13907:
13875:
13863:from the original on 8 June 2024
13843:
13811:
13785:Dunning, Hayley (19 July 2018).
13778:
13766:from the original on 8 June 2024
13746:
13734:from the original on 8 June 2024
13713:
13681:
13648:
13616:
13604:from the original on 8 June 2024
13584:
13572:from the original on 8 June 2024
13552:
13540:from the original on 7 June 2024
13520:
13488:
13455:
13443:from the original on 7 June 2024
13423:
13391:
13379:from the original on 7 June 2024
13318:
13306:from the original on 7 June 2024
13286:
13244:
13212:
13170:
13138:
13104:
13037:
13025:from the original on 7 June 2024
12973:
12911:
12899:from the original on 7 June 2024
12847:
12835:from the original on 7 June 2024
12787:
12748:
12736:from the original on 7 June 2024
12672:
12640:
12580:
12548:
12536:from the original on 7 June 2024
12468:
12456:from the original on 7 June 2024
12388:
12376:from the original on 7 June 2024
12328:
12296:
12237:
12225:from the original on 7 June 2024
12170:
12111:
12099:from the original on 7 June 2024
12047:
12035:from the original on 7 June 2024
11983:
11971:from the original on 27 May 2024
11943:
11931:from the original on 7 June 2024
11879:
11867:from the original on 7 June 2024
11815:
11747:
11715:
11703:from the original on 7 June 2024
11647:
11621:Tancell, Julie (December 2000).
11614:
11602:from the original on 7 June 2024
11546:
11486:
11441:
11429:from the original on 7 June 2024
11373:
11314:
11268:
11229:(4542): 1095. 17 November 1956.
11209:
11177:
11165:from the original on 7 June 2024
11109:
11064:
10996:
10964:
10952:from the original on 7 June 2024
10896:
10884:from the original on 7 June 2024
10828:
10795:
10727:
10659:
10591:
10523:
10511:from the original on 7 June 2024
10455:
10387:
10375:from the original on 7 June 2024
10319:
10267:
10255:from the original on 7 June 2024
10199:
10187:from the original on 7 June 2024
10131:
10063:
10051:from the original on 7 June 2024
9983:from the original on 7 June 2024
9843:from the original on 7 June 2024
9720:from the original on 7 June 2024
9597:from the original on 6 June 2024
9152:from the original on 5 July 2017
8671:from the original on 6 June 2024
8643:(1306): 35–39. 8 November 1894.
8611:from the original on 6 June 2024
8347:(891): 83–85. 25 November 1886.
8315:from the original on 5 June 2024
8287:(786): 62–65. 20 November 1884.
7998:from the original on 5 June 2024
7906:(264): 55–58. 19 November 1874.
7842:(159): 34–35. 14 November 1872.
6529:from the original on 11 May 2020
5904:from the original on 5 June 2024
5794:from the original on 5 June 2024
5693:from the original on 5 June 2024
5636:from the original on 5 June 2024
4919:
4770:
4720:
4682:
4639:
4630:
4589:"For his development of optical
4580:
4538:
4500:
4457:
4448:
4394:
4340:
4298:
4260:
4222:
4184:
4150:
4108:
4066:
4020:
3982:
3936:
3882:
3848:
3814:
3780:
3742:
3696:
3658:
3616:
3574:
3536:
3502:
3463:
3454:
3416:
3374:
3332:
3298:
3260:
3222:
3188:
3150:
3108:
3066:
3028:
2990:
2944:
2910:
2872:
2834:
2796:
2754:
2712:
2674:
2632:
2590:
2571:
2548:
2510:
2448:
2406:
2368:
2330:
2311:
2292:
2258:
2220:
2182:
2136:
2094:
2052:
2019:
1976:
1938:
1900:
1858:
1816:
1774:
1736:
1698:
1652:
1614:
1576:
1538:
1496:
1462:
1424:
1386:
1348:
1310:
1272:
1241:Experimental Researches on Light
1230:
1188:
1150:
1105:
1063:
1018:
976:
924:
882:
840:
792:
750:
678:
616:
574:
536:
484:
442:
394:
338:
140:, who is noted for his works on
81:
16:Award by Britain's Royal Society
12600:(1839): 249–253. 9 April 1987.
11569:(4960): 728. 21 November 1964.
11396:(4750): 536. 12 November 1960.
11132:(4437): 908. 13 November 1954.
11019:(4333): 826. 15 November 1952.
10919:(4230): 889. 25 November 1950.
10851:(4125): 807. 20 November 1948.
10750:(4022): 781. 30 November 1946.
10682:(3915): 602. 11 November 1944.
10614:(3811): 571. 14 November 1942.
10546:(3708): 679. 23 November 1940.
10478:(3602): 865. 12 November 1938.
10410:(3498): 833. 14 November 1936.
10342:(3393): 727. 10 November 1934.
10222:(3289): 730. 12 November 1932.
9995:
9927:
9859:
9815:(1357): 633. 30 December 1920.
9795:
9736:
9672:
9613:
9577:(2247): 337. 21 November 1912.
9557:
9494:
9426:
9353:
9291:
9224:
9164:
9130:
9066:
9051:
8983:
8925:
8861:
8799:
8757:
8687:
8623:
8563:
8504:
8444:
8386:
8327:
8267:
8205:
8141:
8075:
8010:
7970:(367): 50–52. 9 November 1876.
7950:
7886:
7822:
7778:(54): 34–36. 10 November 1870.
7758:
7714:
7656:
7616:
7554:Shaviv, Giora (13 April 2012).
7476:
7410:
7348:Nolte, David D. (17 May 2023).
7341:
7297:
7245:
7185:
7133:
7069:
7009:
6949:
6889:
6843:
6791:
6746:
6688:
6647:
6587:
6541:
6502:
6465:
6394:
6336:
6291:
6231:
6190:
6115:
6053:
6005:
5961:
5916:
5852:
5806:
5746:
5705:
5648:
5584:
5533:
5473:
5428:
5367:
5052:Simmonds, P. L. (9 July 1875).
4906:
4897:
4880:
4871:
4862:
4849:
4836:
4549:Einstein-Padolsky-Rosen paradox
4407:, investigating many ingenious
280:is the only female recipient.
191:wreath of oak and laurel leaves
14307:Wilkins-Bernal-Medawar Lecture
13228:. January 2003. Archived from
12757:"Walter Eric Spear – Obituary"
11723:"Dennis Gabor – Autobiography"
11381:"Royal Society – Medal Awards"
11322:"Royal Society – Medal Awards"
11196:Australian National University
10972:"Frits Zernike – Biographical"
10836:"Royal Society – Medal Awards"
10735:"Royal Society – Medal Awards"
10667:"Royal Society – Medal Awards"
9311:(1936): 132. 6 December 1906.
9006:(1623): 138. 6 December 1900.
8586:(1205): 107. 1 December 1892.
8083:"The Royal Society Medallists"
7730:(2249): 725. 3 December 1870.
7313:(1623): 723. 4 December 1858.
6850:James, Frank A. J. L. (2004).
6025:(152): 480. 21 February 1868.
5974:Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine
5819:. In Bergin, Catherine (ed.).
5286:
5224:
5166:
5121:
5089:
5045:
4815:
4595:quantum information processing
2599:"For his invention of the gas
2151:recent extension to navigation
893:circular Polarization of Light
1:
13720:Smith, Colin (20 July 2016).
13655:Else, Holly (6 August 2014).
12348:(1756): 1–2. 7 January 1981.
12304:"Professor William Vinen FRS"
11281:. In Falconer, Isobel (ed.).
9853:Biodiversity Heritage Library
9821:10.1126/science.52.1357.633.a
9803:"Medals of the Royal Society"
9730:Biodiversity Heritage Library
9607:Biodiversity Heritage Library
9242:. Cambridge, United Kingdom:
9146:American Institute of Physics
9124:Biodiversity Heritage Library
8919:Biodiversity Heritage Library
8823:: 313–314. 31 December 1897.
8681:Biodiversity Heritage Library
8161:(577): 63. 18 November 1880.
8095:(472): 39. 14 November 1878.
7944:Biodiversity Heritage Library
7880:Biodiversity Heritage Library
7816:Biodiversity Heritage Library
7499:(626): 601. 27 October 1881.
7084:. Cambridge, United Kingdom:
4932:
4649:"For revealing via elaborate
4419:, solar cell performance and
14512:UK-Canada Rutherford Lecture
13920:National Physical Laboratory
13496:"Professor Edward Hinds FRS"
13120:National Chemical Laboratory
13085:St John's College, Cambridge
13050:The University of Manchester
12564:. London. 5 September 2008.
11480:UK public library membership
11308:UK public library membership
11103:UK public library membership
10599:"Royal Society Medal Awards"
8948:: i–xvii. 31 December 1899.
7156:: i–viii. 31 December 1852.
6883:UK public library membership
6785:UK public library membership
6581:UK public library membership
6478:D. Reidel Publishing Company
6330:UK public library membership
6254:: iii–iv. 31 December 1827.
6077:: iii–iv. 31 December 1819.
5955:UK public library membership
5846:UK public library membership
5769:: iii–iv. 31 December 1811.
5611:: iii–iv. 31 December 1805.
5496:: iii–iv. 31 December 1803.
5467:UK public library membership
4785:
4757:
4743:
4707:
4693:
4669:
4655:
4617:
4603:
4567:
4553:
4525:
4511:
4487:
4484:
4477:
4435:
4432:
4425:
4381:
4367:
4327:
4313:
4285:
4282:
4275:
4247:
4244:
4237:
4209:
4206:
4199:
4171:
4168:
4161:
4137:
4123:
4095:
4092:
4085:
4053:
4039:
4007:
4004:
3997:
3969:
3966:
3959:
3923:
3920:
3913:
3869:
3866:
3859:
3835:
3832:
3825:
3801:
3798:
3791:
3767:
3764:
3757:
3729:
3726:
3719:
3683:
3680:
3673:
3645:
3631:
3603:
3589:
3561:
3558:
3551:
3523:
3520:
3513:
3489:
3486:
3479:
3441:
3427:
3403:
3389:
3361:
3347:
3319:
3316:
3309:
3285:
3271:
3247:
3244:
3237:
3209:
3206:
3199:
3175:
3172:
3165:
3137:
3123:
3095:
3081:
3053:
3039:
3015:
3012:
3005:
2977:
2963:
2931:
2928:
2921:
2897:
2883:
2859:
2845:
2821:
2818:
2811:
2783:
2769:
2741:
2727:
2699:
2685:
2661:
2647:
2619:
2605:
2577:
2563:
2535:
2521:
2497:
2474:
2435:
2421:
2393:
2379:
2355:
2341:
2317:
2303:
2279:
2276:
2269:
2245:
2231:
2207:
2193:
2169:
2155:
2123:
2109:
2081:
2067:
2039:
2006:
1963:
1949:
1925:
1911:
1887:
1873:
1845:
1831:
1803:
1789:
1761:
1747:
1723:
1709:
1685:
1671:
1639:
1625:
1601:
1587:
1563:
1549:
1525:
1511:
1487:
1473:
1449:
1435:
1411:
1397:
1373:
1359:
1335:
1321:
1297:
1283:
1259:
1245:
1217:
1203:
1175:
1161:
1137:
1123:
1092:
1078:
1074:Academy of Sciences of Paris
1050:
1036:
1005:
991:
963:
939:
911:
897:
869:
855:
827:
803:
779:
765:
737:
693:
665:
631:
603:
589:
561:
547:
523:
520:
503:
471:
457:
429:
405:
381:
357:
325:
128:is an award bestowed by the
7:
14551:Awards of the Royal Society
14339:Newton Advanced Fellowships
14336:Senior Research Fellowships
14323:Fellow of the Royal Society
14302:Rutherford Memorial Lecture
13045:"Prof Grenville Turner FRS"
12692:(1862): 1–6. 8 March 1989.
12656:. July 2008. Archived from
9935:"Current Topics and Events"
9867:"Current Topics and Events"
9501:Kox, A. J. (27 July 2018).
8764:Pallo, G. (28 March 1987).
7257:"The Monthly Intelligencer"
7032:: i–vii. 31 December 1850.
6912:: i–vii. 31 December 1846.
6708:: i–xii. 31 December 1840.
6356:: iii–v. 31 December 1833.
5173:Brown, Laurence A. (1980).
4791:
3627:irreversible thermodynamics
1690:William de Wiveleslie Abney
1114:"For his 'Discovery of the
287:
10:
14567:
14256:Royal Society Africa Prize
12933:(11): 105. November 1992.
12765:Royal Society of Edinburgh
10531:"Royal Society Medallists"
10207:"Royal Society Medallists"
9368:. Oxford, United Kingdom:
9244:Cambridge University Press
9142:Rutherford's Nuclear World
8225:: i–ix. 31 December 1882.
7564:Springer Berlin Heidelberg
7356:. Oxford, United Kingdom:
7208:: i–vi. 31 December 1854.
7086:Cambridge University Press
6610:: i–vi. 31 December 1838.
6414:(in Italian and English).
5540:Craik, Alex D. D. (2020).
4031:40Ar/39Ar method of dating
3587:in the fracture of metals"
3001:internal combustion engine
1869:electro-magnetic radiation
1076:during the last two years"
985:"For his discovery of the
851:Royal Society of Edinburgh
18:
14515:Blackett Memorial Lecture
14452:
14396:
14358:
14315:
14269:
14223:
13112:"Prof Sir Richard Friend"
12071:: 107–112. 31 July 1977.
12007:: 105–109. 31 July 1975.
11903:: 145–149. 30 June 1973.
11839:: 113–118. 30 June 1971.
9513:10.1007/978-3-319-90329-3
7572:10.1007/978-3-642-28385-7
6972:: i–v. 31 December 1848.
6486:10.1007/978-94-009-6265-1
6436:10.1393/ncc/i2014-11812-5
6122:Kahr, Bart (April 2018).
5348:University College London
5248:: 534. 31 December 1892.
4747:
4697:
4659:
4607:
4557:
4515:
4481:
4429:
4371:
4317:
4279:
4241:
4203:
4165:
4127:
4089:
4077:polymer-based electronics
4043:
4001:
3993:polymeric crystallization
3963:
3917:
3863:
3829:
3795:
3761:
3723:
3677:
3635:
3593:
3555:
3517:
3483:
3431:
3393:
3351:
3313:
3275:
3241:
3203:
3169:
3161:phase-contrast microscopy
3127:
3085:
3043:
3009:
2967:
2925:
2887:
2849:
2815:
2807:adiabatic demagnetisation
2773:
2731:
2689:
2651:
2609:
2567:
2525:
2487:
2456:
2446:
2383:
2345:
2307:
2273:
2235:
2212:Hugh Longbourne Callendar
2197:
2159:
2113:
2071:
2029:
1984:
1915:
1877:
1835:
1793:
1751:
1713:
1675:
1663:astronomical spectroscopy
1629:
1591:
1553:
1515:
1477:
1439:
1401:
1363:
1325:
1287:
1249:
1207:
1165:
1127:
1082:
1040:
995:
953:
943:
901:
859:
817:
807:
769:
727:
717:
707:
697:
655:
645:
635:
593:
551:
517:
507:
461:
419:
409:
371:
361:
315:
298:
295:
144:and for establishing the
104:
94:
76:
61:
53:
38:
33:
11275:Hartley, Harold (2004).
7641:10.1680/imotp.1894.19995
6670:University of St Andrews
6509:Berti, Lucia (2018–19).
6420:Italian Physical Society
6213:University of St Andrews
6125:"Polarization in France"
5728:University of St Andrews
5299:(1st ed.). London:
5143:10.1017/CBO9780511920479
4829:(Hungarian/British) and
4808:
4290:Gilbert George Lonzarich
4121:science and technology."
2955:physics of the upper air
2128:Charles Algernon Parsons
2103:"For his discoveries in
19:Not to be confused with
14297:Rosalind Franklin Award
13792:Imperial College London
13727:Imperial College London
13597:Imperial College London
13469:Imperial College London
13404:University of Cambridge
13225:University of Cambridge
12755:Fitzgerald, Alexander.
9370:Oxford University Press
7358:Oxford University Press
6203:"Augustin Jean Fresnel"
4781:cosmic ray acceleration
4601:and Earth observation."
4119:ultra-short pulse laser
2957:and its application to
2788:Wander Johannes de Haas
2459:contributions to optics
2415:"For his researches in
1766:Samuel Pierpont Langley
1505:"For his Researches on
198:Commonwealth of Nations
14521:Claude Bernard Lecture
13662:Times Higher Education
13353:10.1098/rsbm.2022.0005
13259:Times Higher Education
13253:"Royal Society medals"
13185:Times Higher Education
13003:10.1098/rsnr.1995.0010
12877:10.1098/rsnr.1993.0010
12813:10.1098/rspb.1991.0001
12706:10.1098/rspa.1989.0017
12606:10.1098/rspa.1987.0037
12506:10.1098/rspb.1985.0009
12426:10.1098/rspb.1983.0001
12354:10.1098/rspa.1981.0008
12077:10.1098/rsnr.1977.0009
12013:10.1098/rsnr.1975.0009
11909:10.1098/rsnr.1973.0011
11845:10.1098/rsnr.1971.0011
11673:10.1098/rsnr.1967.0017
11465:10.1093/ref:odnb/31493
11293:10.1093/ref:odnb/34998
11088:10.1093/ref:odnb/30876
10463:"Royal Society Awards"
8830:10.1098/rspl.1896.0050
6770:10.1093/ref:odnb/26946
5831:10.1093/ref:odnb/29020
5813:Moore, Norman (2004).
5679:10.1098/rsnr.1985.0012
5561:10.1006/hmat.1999.2264
5452:10.1093/ref:odnb/27255
5255:10.1098/rspl.1891.0068
4998:The Scientific Monthly
4803:List of physics awards
4739:information technology
4415:phenomena relevant to
3955:Temperley-Lieb algebra
3707:quantum of circulation
2767:to chemical reactions"
2322:Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
1892:Nils Christoffer Dunér
1728:Tobias Robertus Thalén
14498:Tercentenary Lectures
14493:Pilgrim Trust Lecture
14241:Michael Faraday Prize
14236:GlaxoSmithKline Prize
14049:Jesus College, Oxford
13856:University of Glasgow
13593:"Congratulations ..."
13299:University of Bristol
13188:. 15 September 2000.
12055:"The Society's Notes"
11991:"The Society's Notes"
11887:"The Society's Notes"
11823:"The Society's Notes"
11655:"The Society's Notes"
10283:. 1933. p. 162.
8713:10.4324/9781315609218
7484:"Scientific Worthies"
7428:. Boston: 392. 1880.
7418:"James Clerk Maxwell"
6868:10.1093/ref:odnb/9153
6566:10.1093/ref:odnb/9832
6548:Smart, R. N. (2004).
6315:10.1093/ref:odnb/7124
5940:10.1093/ref:odnb/7314
5718:"Étienne Louis Malus"
5129:Weld, Charles Richard
4855:This number includes
4842:This number includes
4735:optical communication
4674:Raymond Pierrehumbert
4473:optical metamaterials
3905:thin film transistors
3324:Dudley Maurice Newitt
2643:terrestrial magnetism
1530:Joseph Norman Lockyer
1490:Anders Jonas Ångström
1097:George Gabriel Stokes
1010:Henri Victor Regnault
742:John Frederic Daniell
670:Augustin-Jean Fresnel
528:William Charles Wells
14518:Humphry Davy Lecture
14345:Industry Fellowships
14182:at Wikimedia Commons
14145:University of Oxford
12478:(22 February 1985).
8705:Taylor & Francis
7088:. pp. 310–311.
6660:"Jean Baptiste Biot"
6013:"Sir David Brewster"
5985:: 523. August 1817.
5547:Historia Mathematica
5137:. pp. 218–220.
4651:computer simulations
4599:satellite navigation
3903:and large arrays of
3734:Charles Gorrie Wynne
3366:Hendrik van de Hulst
3343:chemical engineering
3290:Alfred Gordon Gaydon
3180:Cecil Reginald Burch
2559:researches in optics
1991:electrical discharge
1454:Alfred Des Cloizeaux
193:bound with ribbons.
14287:Leeuwenhoek Lecture
13179:"Glittering Prizes"
13126:on 20 February 2012
13116:NCL Innovation Park
12983:(31 January 1995).
12939:1992PhT....45k.105.
12857:(31 January 1993).
12698:1989RSPSA.422....1.
12561:The Daily Telegraph
12498:1985RSPSB.223..403.
12418:1983RSPSB.217..117.
12398:(22 January 1983).
12263:1978Natur.275..165.
12137:1976Natur.264..491.
11959:. 15 January 2015.
11956:The Daily Telegraph
11776:1968Natur.220.1156.
11575:1964Natur.204Q.728.
11513:1962Natur.196..619Y
11402:1960Natur.188Q.536.
11340:1958Natur.182R1344.
11235:1956Natur.178S1094.
11138:1954Natur.174R.908.
11025:1952Natur.170Q.826.
10925:1950Natur.166R.889.
10857:1948Natur.162R.807.
10816:on 18 February 2012
10756:1946Natur.158R.781.
10688:1944Natur.154R.602.
10620:1942Natur.150Q.571.
10552:1940Natur.146Q.679.
10484:1938Natur.142R.865.
10416:1936Natur.138Q.833.
10348:1934Natur.134Q.727.
10228:1932Natur.130Q.730.
10160:1930Natur.126R.779.
10092:1928Natur.122R.738.
10024:1926Natur.118..705.
9956:1924Natur.114S.724.
9888:1922Natur.110R.674.
9762:1918Natur.102..229.
9698:1916Natur..98..212.
9639:1914Natur..94..316.
9455:1910Natur..85...46.
9317:1906Natur..75..130.
9190:1904Natur..71...35.
9092:1902Natur..67...62.
9012:1900Natur..63R.135.
8887:1896Natur..55...37.
8649:1894Natur..51...35.
8530:1890Natur..43...61.
8353:1886Natur..35...83.
8293:1884Natur..31...62.
8167:1880Natur..23...62.
8101:1880Natur..23...62.
7976:1876Natur..15...50.
7912:1874Natur..11...55.
7848:1872Natur...7...34.
7784:1870Natur...3...34.
7634:(1894): 343. 1894.
7505:1881Natur..24Q.601.
6520:University of Milan
6428:2014NCimC..37d.285C
5397:1931Natur.128..476J
5015:1955SciMo..81...85L
4960:. 2024. p. 6.
4475:with quantum gain."
3951:statistical physics
3947:applied mathematics
3688:William Frank Vinen
3385:21 cm spectral line
3252:Thomas Ralph Merton
3214:Frank Philip Bowden
2826:Ernest George Coker
2582:Charles Vernon Boys
2398:William Henry Bragg
2044:Oliver Joseph Lodge
1264:James Clerk Maxwell
583:"For his Papers on
476:Étienne-Louis Malus
292:
202:Republic of Ireland
14084:. 24 August 2023.
14052:. 24 August 2022.
14020:. 23 August 2022.
13955:. 24 August 2021.
13057:on 13 October 2008
9372:. pp. 98–99.
6148:10.1002/chir.22818
5860:Gould, Stephen Jay
5802:– via JSTOR.
5701:– via JSTOR.
5351:. 30 August 2023.
4833:(Mexican/British).
4825:(German/British),
4417:Raman spectroscopy
4214:Jean-Pierre Hansen
3911:colour TV screens"
3494:Christopher Hinton
3233:nature of friction
2723:X-ray spectroscopy
1827:physics of the sun
916:William Fox Talbot
874:Jean-Baptiste Biot
832:James David Forbes
499:Mémoires d'Arcueil
288:
284:List of recipients
14528:
14527:
14464:Esso Energy Award
14178:Media related to
14152:on 28 August 2024
14120:on 30 August 2024
13985:The Northern Echo
13923:. 4 August 2020.
13891:. 4 August 2020.
13632:. 5 August 2014.
13302:. 5 August 2004.
13232:on 13 August 2003
12947:10.1063/1.2809889
12660:on 2 October 2011
12492:(1233): 403–416.
12412:(1207): 117–128.
11785:10.1038/2201156b0
11507:(4855): 619–620.
11478:(Subscription or
11348:10.1038/1821344b0
11306:(Subscription or
11243:10.1038/1781094c0
11101:(Subscription or
10281:Harrison and Sons
9530:978-3-319-90329-3
9387:978-0-19-887050-0
9253:978-1-107-67881-1
9058:"Royal Society".
8722:978-1-315-60921-8
8040:978-1-4614-0696-9
8031:Springer New York
7581:978-3-642-28385-7
7375:978-0-19-286976-0
6881:(Subscription or
6783:(Subscription or
6654:O'Connor, J. J.;
6579:(Subscription or
6495:978-94-009-6267-5
6328:(Subscription or
6197:O'Connor, J. J.;
5953:(Subscription or
5844:(Subscription or
5712:O'Connor, J. J.;
5465:(Subscription or
4914:McGill University
4888:rebellion of 1831
4789:
4788:
4597:, space science,
4271:ultra-cold matter
4195:photodissociation
3893:amorphous silicon
3874:Walter Eric Spear
3547:physics of clouds
2666:Friedrich Paschen
2174:Ernest Rutherford
1867:"For his work in
1507:Spectral Analysis
1239:"For his various
784:Macedonio Melloni
330:Benjamin Thompson
216:seven times, the
183:Holy Roman Empire
146:Royal Institution
134:Benjamin Thompson
122:
121:
14558:
14434:Leverhulme Medal
14334:Leverhulme Trust
14292:Paterson Lecture
14210:
14203:
14196:
14187:
14186:
14177:
14162:
14161:
14159:
14157:
14136:
14130:
14129:
14127:
14125:
14104:
14098:
14097:
14095:
14093:
14072:
14066:
14065:
14063:
14061:
14040:
14034:
14033:
14031:
14029:
14008:
14002:
14001:
13999:
13997:
13975:
13969:
13968:
13966:
13964:
13943:
13937:
13936:
13934:
13932:
13911:
13905:
13904:
13902:
13900:
13879:
13873:
13872:
13870:
13868:
13859:. 18 July 2019.
13847:
13841:
13840:
13838:
13836:
13827:. 17 July 2019.
13815:
13809:
13808:
13806:
13804:
13782:
13776:
13775:
13773:
13771:
13762:. 19 July 2018.
13750:
13744:
13743:
13741:
13739:
13717:
13711:
13710:
13708:
13706:
13697:. 19 July 2016.
13685:
13679:
13678:
13676:
13674:
13652:
13646:
13645:
13643:
13641:
13620:
13614:
13613:
13611:
13609:
13588:
13582:
13581:
13579:
13577:
13568:. 10 July 2012.
13556:
13550:
13549:
13547:
13545:
13524:
13518:
13517:
13515:
13513:
13492:
13486:
13485:
13483:
13481:
13476:on 6 August 2019
13472:. Archived from
13459:
13453:
13452:
13450:
13448:
13439:. 20 July 2006.
13427:
13421:
13420:
13418:
13416:
13407:. 27 July 2006.
13395:
13389:
13388:
13386:
13384:
13378:
13355:
13331:
13322:
13316:
13315:
13313:
13311:
13290:
13284:
13283:
13281:
13279:
13255:
13248:
13242:
13241:
13239:
13237:
13216:
13210:
13209:
13207:
13205:
13181:
13174:
13168:
13167:
13165:
13163:
13142:
13136:
13135:
13133:
13131:
13122:. Archived from
13108:
13102:
13101:
13099:
13097:
13076:
13067:
13066:
13064:
13062:
13053:. Archived from
13041:
13035:
13034:
13032:
13030:
12977:
12971:
12970:
12968:
12966:
12922:
12915:
12909:
12908:
12906:
12904:
12851:
12845:
12844:
12842:
12840:
12791:
12785:
12784:
12782:
12780:
12775:on 20 March 2009
12774:
12768:. Archived from
12761:
12752:
12746:
12745:
12743:
12741:
12676:
12670:
12669:
12667:
12665:
12644:
12638:
12637:
12635:
12633:
12584:
12578:
12577:
12575:
12573:
12552:
12546:
12545:
12543:
12541:
12472:
12466:
12465:
12463:
12461:
12392:
12386:
12385:
12383:
12381:
12332:
12326:
12325:
12323:
12321:
12300:
12294:
12293:
12290:Internet Archive
12287:
12285:
12271:10.1038/275165a0
12241:
12235:
12234:
12232:
12230:
12224:
12200:10.1039/B303690C
12183:
12174:
12168:
12167:
12164:Internet Archive
12161:
12159:
12145:10.1038/264491a0
12115:
12109:
12108:
12106:
12104:
12051:
12045:
12044:
12042:
12040:
11987:
11981:
11980:
11978:
11976:
11947:
11941:
11940:
11938:
11936:
11883:
11877:
11876:
11874:
11872:
11819:
11813:
11812:
11810:
11808:
11802:
11787:
11759:
11755:"Correspondence"
11751:
11745:
11744:
11742:
11740:
11735:on 2 August 2012
11731:. Archived from
11728:Nobel Foundation
11719:
11713:
11712:
11710:
11708:
11651:
11645:
11644:
11642:
11640:
11631:. Archived from
11618:
11612:
11611:
11609:
11607:
11601:
11586:
11584:10.1038/204728a0
11558:
11550:
11544:
11543:
11540:Internet Archive
11537:
11535:
11521:10.1038/196619a0
11490:
11484:
11483:
11475:
11473:
11471:
11452:
11445:
11439:
11438:
11436:
11434:
11428:
11413:
11411:10.1038/188536b0
11385:
11377:
11371:
11370:
11367:Internet Archive
11364:
11362:
11318:
11312:
11311:
11303:
11301:
11299:
11280:
11272:
11266:
11265:
11262:Internet Archive
11259:
11257:
11213:
11207:
11206:
11204:
11202:
11181:
11175:
11174:
11172:
11170:
11164:
11149:
11147:10.1038/174908b0
11121:
11113:
11107:
11106:
11098:
11096:
11094:
11075:
11068:
11062:
11061:
11059:
11057:
11051:
11036:
11034:10.1038/170826a0
11008:
11000:
10994:
10993:
10991:
10989:
10977:Nobel Foundation
10968:
10962:
10961:
10959:
10957:
10951:
10936:
10934:10.1038/166889b0
10908:
10900:
10894:
10893:
10891:
10889:
10883:
10868:
10866:10.1038/162807b0
10840:
10832:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10821:
10812:. Archived from
10799:
10793:
10792:
10790:
10788:
10782:
10767:
10765:10.1038/158781b0
10739:
10731:
10725:
10724:
10722:
10720:
10714:
10699:
10697:10.1038/154602b0
10671:
10663:
10657:
10656:
10654:
10652:
10646:
10631:
10629:10.1038/150571a0
10603:
10595:
10589:
10588:
10586:
10584:
10578:
10563:
10561:10.1038/146679a0
10535:
10527:
10521:
10520:
10518:
10516:
10510:
10495:
10493:10.1038/142865b0
10467:
10459:
10453:
10452:
10450:
10448:
10442:
10427:
10425:10.1038/138833a0
10399:
10391:
10385:
10384:
10382:
10380:
10374:
10359:
10357:10.1038/134727a0
10331:
10323:
10317:
10316:
10310:
10308:
10271:
10265:
10264:
10262:
10260:
10254:
10239:
10237:10.1038/130730b0
10211:
10203:
10197:
10196:
10194:
10192:
10186:
10171:
10169:10.1038/126779c0
10143:
10139:"News and Views"
10135:
10129:
10128:
10126:
10124:
10118:
10103:
10101:10.1038/122738b0
10075:
10071:"News and Views"
10067:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10056:
10050:
10035:
10033:10.1038/118705a0
10007:
10003:"News and Views"
9999:
9993:
9992:
9990:
9988:
9982:
9967:
9965:10.1038/114724d0
9939:
9931:
9925:
9924:
9922:
9920:
9914:
9899:
9897:10.1038/110674b0
9871:
9863:
9857:
9856:
9850:
9848:
9799:
9793:
9792:
9789:Internet Archive
9786:
9784:
9770:10.1038/102229a0
9740:
9734:
9733:
9727:
9725:
9706:10.1038/098212a0
9676:
9670:
9669:
9666:Internet Archive
9663:
9661:
9647:10.1038/094316a0
9617:
9611:
9610:
9604:
9602:
9583:10.1038/090337b0
9561:
9555:
9554:
9552:
9550:
9498:
9492:
9491:
9489:
9487:
9481:
9466:
9464:10.1038/085046a0
9438:
9430:
9424:
9423:
9417:
9415:
9357:
9351:
9350:
9348:
9346:
9328:
9326:10.1038/075130a0
9295:
9289:
9288:
9286:
9284:
9241:
9228:
9222:
9221:
9219:
9217:
9198:10.1038/071035a0
9168:
9162:
9161:
9159:
9157:
9134:
9128:
9127:
9121:
9119:
9100:10.1038/067062a0
9070:
9064:
9063:
9055:
9049:
9048:
9046:
9044:
9038:
9023:
9021:10.1038/063135b0
8995:
8987:
8981:
8980:
8978:
8976:
8970:
8937:
8929:
8923:
8922:
8916:
8914:
8895:10.1038/055037a0
8865:
8859:
8858:
8832:
8803:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8761:
8755:
8754:
8752:
8750:
8697:(9 March 2016).
8695:Rowlinson, J. S.
8691:
8685:
8684:
8678:
8676:
8657:10.1038/051035a0
8627:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8616:
8610:
8595:
8593:10.1038/047106b0
8575:
8567:
8561:
8560:
8557:Internet Archive
8554:
8552:
8538:10.1038/043061a0
8508:
8502:
8501:
8499:
8497:
8491:
8460:
8452:Chinnici, Ileana
8448:
8442:
8441:
8435:
8433:
8390:
8384:
8383:
8380:Internet Archive
8377:
8375:
8361:10.1038/035083a0
8331:
8325:
8324:
8322:
8320:
8301:10.1038/031062a0
8271:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8260:
8242:
8209:
8203:
8202:
8196:
8194:
8175:10.1038/023062c0
8145:
8139:
8138:
8132:
8130:
8112:
8110:10.1038/023062c0
8079:
8073:
8072:
8070:
8068:
8014:
8008:
8007:
8005:
8003:
7984:10.1038/015050a0
7954:
7948:
7947:
7941:
7939:
7920:10.1038/011055a0
7890:
7884:
7883:
7877:
7875:
7856:10.1038/007034a0
7826:
7820:
7819:
7813:
7811:
7792:10.1038/003034c0
7762:
7756:
7755:
7749:
7747:
7718:
7712:
7711:
7705:
7703:
7693:
7660:
7654:
7653:
7643:
7620:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7609:
7551:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7537:
7531:
7516:
7514:10.1038/024601a0
7488:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7467:
7465:
7447:
7414:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7403:
7345:
7339:
7338:
7332:
7330:
7301:
7295:
7294:
7288:
7286:
7249:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7238:
7232:
7225:
7197:
7189:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7173:
7145:
7137:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7126:
7073:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7062:
7056:
7049:
7021:
7013:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7002:
6996:
6989:
6961:
6953:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6942:
6936:
6929:
6901:
6893:
6887:
6886:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6855:
6847:
6841:
6840:
6834:
6832:
6801:(January 1843).
6795:
6789:
6788:
6780:
6778:
6776:
6757:
6750:
6744:
6743:
6737:
6735:
6725:
6692:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6672:. Archived from
6656:Robertson, E. F.
6651:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6634:
6627:
6599:
6591:
6585:
6584:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6553:
6545:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6534:
6528:
6517:
6506:
6500:
6499:
6469:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6452:
6422:: 287, 301–302.
6407:
6398:
6392:
6391:
6385:
6383:
6373:
6340:
6334:
6333:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6302:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6278:
6271:
6243:
6235:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6215:. Archived from
6199:Robertson, E. F.
6194:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6183:
6127:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6106:
6104:
6094:
6057:
6051:
6050:
6044:
6042:
6009:
6003:
6002:
5996:
5994:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5927:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5818:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5793:
5786:
5758:
5750:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5730:. Archived from
5716:(January 1997).
5714:Robertson, E. F.
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5652:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5641:
5635:
5628:
5596:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5563:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5520:
5513:
5485:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5439:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5408:
5406:10.1038/128476a0
5380:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5339:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5257:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5114:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5073:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5036:
5034:
4994:
4986:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4966:
4953:
4945:
4926:
4923:
4917:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4895:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4869:
4866:
4860:
4853:
4847:
4840:
4834:
4819:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4755:
4731:nonlinear optics
4725:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4705:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4667:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4615:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4565:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4523:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4379:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4325:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4135:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4051:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4012:Grenville Turner
3987:
3986:
3985:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3669:flash photolysis
3663:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3643:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3601:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3528:Basil John Mason
3507:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3439:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3401:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3359:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3283:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3135:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3093:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3051:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3023:
3022:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2975:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2895:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2857:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2781:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2739:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2697:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2659:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2617:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2575:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2533:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2495:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2472:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2433:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2391:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2353:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2315:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2243:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2205:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2167:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2121:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2079:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2037:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2004:
1993:is taking place"
1981:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1961:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1923:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1885:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1843:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1801:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1721:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1683:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1637:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1599:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1561:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1523:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1447:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1409:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1378:Hippolyte Fizeau
1371:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1333:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1302:Gustav Kirchhoff
1295:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1257:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1173:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1135:
1120:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1090:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1048:
1033:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1003:
981:
980:
979:
972:
971:
970:
961:
929:
928:
927:
920:
919:
918:
909:
887:
886:
885:
878:
877:
876:
867:
845:
844:
843:
836:
835:
834:
825:
797:
796:
795:
788:
787:
786:
777:
755:
754:
753:
746:
745:
744:
735:
683:
682:
681:
674:
673:
672:
663:
621:
620:
619:
612:
611:
610:
601:
579:
578:
577:
570:
569:
568:
559:
541:
540:
539:
532:
531:
530:
489:
488:
487:
480:
479:
478:
469:
447:
446:
445:
438:
437:
436:
427:
399:
398:
397:
390:
389:
388:
379:
343:
342:
341:
334:
333:
332:
323:
293:
291:
264:and in 1918, to
224:four times, the
212:fourteen times,
118:
117:
87:
85:
84:
72:
70:
43:
31:
30:
14566:
14565:
14561:
14560:
14559:
14557:
14556:
14555:
14546:Biennial events
14531:
14530:
14529:
14524:
14508:Microsoft Award
14503:Wilkins Lecture
14488:Philips Lecture
14478:Medawar Lecture
14453:Previous awards
14448:
14444:Sylvester Medal
14392:
14360:
14354:
14349:Dorothy Hodgkin
14311:
14282:Ferrier Lecture
14265:
14219:
14214:
14170:
14165:
14155:
14153:
14138:
14137:
14133:
14123:
14121:
14106:
14105:
14101:
14091:
14089:
14074:
14073:
14069:
14059:
14057:
14042:
14041:
14037:
14027:
14025:
14010:
14009:
14005:
13995:
13993:
13976:
13972:
13962:
13960:
13945:
13944:
13940:
13930:
13928:
13913:
13912:
13908:
13898:
13896:
13881:
13880:
13876:
13866:
13864:
13849:
13848:
13844:
13834:
13832:
13817:
13816:
13812:
13802:
13800:
13783:
13779:
13769:
13767:
13752:
13751:
13747:
13737:
13735:
13718:
13714:
13704:
13702:
13687:
13686:
13682:
13672:
13670:
13653:
13649:
13639:
13637:
13622:
13621:
13617:
13607:
13605:
13589:
13585:
13575:
13573:
13558:
13557:
13553:
13543:
13541:
13536:. 9 June 2010.
13526:
13525:
13521:
13511:
13509:
13494:
13493:
13489:
13479:
13477:
13460:
13456:
13446:
13444:
13429:
13428:
13424:
13414:
13412:
13397:
13396:
13392:
13382:
13380:
13376:
13329:
13323:
13319:
13309:
13307:
13292:
13291:
13287:
13277:
13275:
13262:. 24 May 2002.
13250:
13249:
13245:
13235:
13233:
13218:
13217:
13213:
13203:
13201:
13176:
13175:
13171:
13161:
13159:
13144:
13143:
13139:
13129:
13127:
13110:
13109:
13105:
13095:
13093:
13078:
13077:
13070:
13060:
13058:
13043:
13042:
13038:
13028:
13026:
12981:Atiyah, Michael
12978:
12974:
12964:
12962:
12917:
12916:
12912:
12902:
12900:
12855:Atiyah, Michael
12852:
12848:
12838:
12836:
12793:
12792:
12788:
12778:
12776:
12772:
12759:
12753:
12749:
12739:
12737:
12678:
12677:
12673:
12663:
12661:
12646:
12645:
12641:
12631:
12629:
12586:
12585:
12581:
12571:
12569:
12554:
12553:
12549:
12539:
12537:
12473:
12469:
12459:
12457:
12393:
12389:
12379:
12377:
12334:
12333:
12329:
12319:
12317:
12302:
12301:
12297:
12283:
12281:
12245:"Announcements"
12243:
12242:
12238:
12228:
12226:
12222:
12181:
12175:
12171:
12157:
12155:
12119:"Announcements"
12117:
12116:
12112:
12102:
12100:
12053:
12052:
12048:
12038:
12036:
11989:
11988:
11984:
11974:
11972:
11949:
11948:
11944:
11934:
11932:
11885:
11884:
11880:
11870:
11868:
11821:
11820:
11816:
11806:
11804:
11800:
11757:
11753:
11752:
11748:
11738:
11736:
11721:
11720:
11716:
11706:
11704:
11653:
11652:
11648:
11638:
11636:
11619:
11615:
11605:
11603:
11599:
11556:
11552:
11551:
11547:
11533:
11531:
11491:
11487:
11477:
11469:
11467:
11447:
11446:
11442:
11432:
11430:
11426:
11383:
11379:
11378:
11374:
11360:
11358:
11320:
11319:
11315:
11305:
11297:
11295:
11273:
11269:
11255:
11253:
11215:
11214:
11210:
11200:
11198:
11182:
11178:
11168:
11166:
11162:
11119:
11115:
11114:
11110:
11100:
11092:
11090:
11070:
11069:
11065:
11055:
11053:
11049:
11006:
11002:
11001:
10997:
10987:
10985:
10970:
10969:
10965:
10955:
10953:
10949:
10906:
10902:
10901:
10897:
10887:
10885:
10881:
10838:
10834:
10833:
10829:
10819:
10817:
10800:
10796:
10786:
10784:
10780:
10737:
10733:
10732:
10728:
10718:
10716:
10712:
10669:
10665:
10664:
10660:
10650:
10648:
10644:
10601:
10597:
10596:
10592:
10582:
10580:
10576:
10533:
10529:
10528:
10524:
10514:
10512:
10508:
10465:
10461:
10460:
10456:
10446:
10444:
10440:
10397:
10393:
10392:
10388:
10378:
10376:
10372:
10329:
10325:
10324:
10320:
10306:
10304:
10273:
10272:
10268:
10258:
10256:
10252:
10209:
10205:
10204:
10200:
10190:
10188:
10184:
10141:
10137:
10136:
10132:
10122:
10120:
10116:
10073:
10069:
10068:
10064:
10054:
10052:
10048:
10005:
10001:
10000:
9996:
9986:
9984:
9980:
9937:
9933:
9932:
9928:
9918:
9916:
9912:
9869:
9865:
9864:
9860:
9846:
9844:
9801:
9800:
9796:
9782:
9780:
9742:
9741:
9737:
9723:
9721:
9678:
9677:
9673:
9659:
9657:
9619:
9618:
9614:
9600:
9598:
9563:
9562:
9558:
9548:
9546:
9531:
9499:
9495:
9485:
9483:
9479:
9436:
9432:
9431:
9427:
9413:
9411:
9388:
9358:
9354:
9344:
9342:
9297:
9296:
9292:
9282:
9280:
9254:
9229:
9225:
9215:
9213:
9170:
9169:
9165:
9155:
9153:
9136:
9135:
9131:
9117:
9115:
9072:
9071:
9067:
9057:
9056:
9052:
9042:
9040:
9036:
8993:
8989:
8988:
8984:
8974:
8972:
8968:
8935:
8931:
8930:
8926:
8912:
8910:
8867:
8866:
8862:
8805:
8804:
8800:
8790:
8788:
8762:
8758:
8748:
8746:
8723:
8707:. p. 134.
8692:
8688:
8674:
8672:
8629:
8628:
8624:
8614:
8612:
8608:
8573:
8569:
8568:
8564:
8550:
8548:
8510:
8509:
8505:
8495:
8493:
8489:
8458:
8449:
8445:
8431:
8429:
8392:
8391:
8387:
8373:
8371:
8333:
8332:
8328:
8318:
8316:
8273:
8272:
8268:
8258:
8256:
8211:
8210:
8206:
8192:
8190:
8147:
8146:
8142:
8128:
8126:
8081:
8080:
8076:
8066:
8064:
8041:
8015:
8011:
8001:
7999:
7956:
7955:
7951:
7937:
7935:
7892:
7891:
7887:
7873:
7871:
7828:
7827:
7823:
7809:
7807:
7764:
7763:
7759:
7745:
7743:
7720:
7719:
7715:
7701:
7699:
7676:: i–vii. 1866.
7662:
7661:
7657:
7622:
7621:
7617:
7607:
7605:
7582:
7566:. p. 103.
7552:
7545:
7535:
7533:
7529:
7486:
7482:
7481:
7477:
7463:
7461:
7436:
7416:
7415:
7411:
7401:
7399:
7376:
7360:. p. 114.
7346:
7342:
7328:
7326:
7303:
7302:
7298:
7284:
7282:
7250:
7246:
7236:
7234:
7230:
7195:
7191:
7190:
7186:
7176:
7174:
7143:
7139:
7138:
7134:
7124:
7122:
7096:
7074:
7070:
7060:
7058:
7054:
7019:
7015:
7014:
7010:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6959:
6955:
6954:
6950:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6890:
6880:
6872:
6870:
6848:
6844:
6830:
6828:
6796:
6792:
6782:
6774:
6772:
6752:
6751:
6747:
6733:
6731:
6694:
6693:
6689:
6679:
6677:
6652:
6648:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6588:
6578:
6570:
6568:
6546:
6542:
6532:
6530:
6526:
6522:. p. 225.
6515:
6507:
6503:
6496:
6480:. p. 327.
6470:
6466:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6411:Nuovo Cimento C
6405:
6399:
6395:
6381:
6379:
6342:
6341:
6337:
6327:
6319:
6317:
6297:
6296:
6292:
6282:
6280:
6276:
6241:
6237:
6236:
6232:
6222:
6220:
6201:(August 2002).
6195:
6191:
6181:
6179:
6138:(4). New York:
6120:
6116:
6102:
6100:
6059:
6058:
6054:
6040:
6038:
6011:
6010:
6006:
5992:
5990:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5952:
5944:
5942:
5922:
5921:
5917:
5907:
5905:
5862:(1 July 1983).
5857:
5853:
5843:
5835:
5833:
5811:
5807:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5756:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5737:
5735:
5710:
5706:
5696:
5694:
5653:
5649:
5639:
5637:
5633:
5594:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5538:
5534:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5483:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5464:
5456:
5454:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5419:
5417:
5378:
5372:
5368:
5358:
5356:
5341:
5340:
5333:
5323:
5321:
5311:
5291:
5287:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5215:
5213:
5187:
5171:
5167:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5126:
5122:
5112:
5110:
5097:"Rumford Medal"
5095:
5094:
5090:
5076:
5074:
5050:
5046:
5032:
5030:
4987:
4980:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4920:
4911:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4867:
4863:
4854:
4850:
4841:
4837:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4794:
4771:
4769:
4760:
4759:
4721:
4719:
4710:
4709:
4683:
4681:
4672:
4671:
4640:
4638:
4631:
4629:
4620:
4619:
4581:
4579:
4570:
4569:
4539:
4537:
4528:
4527:
4501:
4499:
4490:
4489:
4469:nano-plasmonics
4458:
4456:
4449:
4447:
4438:
4437:
4395:
4393:
4386:Jeremy Baumberg
4384:
4383:
4341:
4339:
4330:
4329:
4299:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4261:
4259:
4250:
4249:
4223:
4221:
4212:
4211:
4185:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4151:
4149:
4140:
4139:
4109:
4107:
4098:
4097:
4081:optoelectronics
4067:
4065:
4056:
4055:
4021:
4019:
4010:
4009:
3983:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3937:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3883:
3881:
3872:
3871:
3849:
3847:
3838:
3837:
3815:
3813:
3804:
3803:
3781:
3779:
3770:
3769:
3743:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3697:
3695:
3686:
3685:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3617:
3615:
3606:
3605:
3575:
3573:
3564:
3563:
3537:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3503:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3464:
3462:
3455:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3417:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3375:
3373:
3364:
3363:
3333:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3299:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3261:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3223:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3189:
3187:
3178:
3177:
3151:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3109:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3067:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3029:
3027:
3018:
3017:
2991:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2835:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2797:
2795:
2786:
2785:
2755:
2753:
2744:
2743:
2713:
2711:
2702:
2701:
2675:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2633:
2631:
2624:Arthur Schuster
2622:
2621:
2591:
2589:
2580:
2579:
2549:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2511:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2477:
2476:
2449:
2447:
2438:
2437:
2417:X-ray radiation
2407:
2405:
2396:
2395:
2369:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2331:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2293:
2291:
2284:Heinrich Rubens
2282:
2281:
2259:
2257:
2250:Hendrik Lorentz
2248:
2247:
2221:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2183:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2137:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2095:
2093:
2086:Henri Becquerel
2084:
2083:
2053:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2020:
2018:
2011:Wilhelm Röntgen
2009:
2008:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1901:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1859:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1817:
1815:
1808:Pietro Tacchini
1806:
1805:
1775:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1699:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1653:
1651:
1644:William Huggins
1642:
1641:
1615:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1539:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1497:
1495:
1463:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1425:
1423:
1416:Balfour Stewart
1414:
1413:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1349:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1273:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1189:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1151:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1118:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1064:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1031:
1019:
1017:
1008:
1007:
977:
975:
968:Michael Faraday
966:
965:
925:
923:
914:
913:
883:
881:
872:
871:
841:
839:
830:
829:
793:
791:
782:
781:
751:
749:
740:
739:
679:
677:
668:
667:
617:
615:
606:
605:
575:
573:
564:
563:
537:
535:
526:
525:
495:Reflected Light
485:
483:
474:
473:
443:
441:
434:William Murdoch
432:
431:
395:
393:
384:
383:
339:
337:
328:
327:
289:
286:
262:Wilhelm Röntgen
174:De rerum natura
112:
82:
80:
68:
66:
49:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
14564:
14554:
14553:
14548:
14543:
14526:
14525:
14523:
14522:
14519:
14516:
14513:
14510:
14505:
14500:
14495:
14490:
14485:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14468:Florey Lecture
14465:
14462:
14460:Bernal Lecture
14456:
14454:
14450:
14449:
14447:
14446:
14441:
14436:
14431:
14426:
14421:
14416:
14414:Buchanan Medal
14411:
14406:
14400:
14398:
14394:
14393:
14391:
14390:
14385:
14383:Croonian Medal
14380:
14378:Bakerian Medal
14375:
14364:
14362:
14356:
14355:
14353:
14352:
14346:
14343:
14340:
14337:
14332:Royal Society
14330:
14325:
14319:
14317:
14313:
14312:
14310:
14309:
14304:
14299:
14294:
14289:
14284:
14279:
14273:
14271:
14270:Prize lectures
14267:
14266:
14264:
14263:
14258:
14253:
14248:
14243:
14238:
14233:
14227:
14225:
14221:
14220:
14213:
14212:
14205:
14198:
14190:
14184:
14183:
14169:
14168:External links
14166:
14164:
14163:
14131:
14099:
14067:
14035:
14003:
13970:
13938:
13906:
13874:
13842:
13810:
13777:
13745:
13712:
13680:
13647:
13615:
13583:
13551:
13519:
13487:
13454:
13422:
13390:
13317:
13285:
13243:
13211:
13169:
13137:
13103:
13068:
13036:
12972:
12910:
12871:(1): 114–115.
12846:
12786:
12747:
12671:
12639:
12579:
12547:
12476:Huxley, Andrew
12467:
12396:Huxley, Andrew
12387:
12327:
12295:
12236:
12169:
12110:
12046:
11982:
11942:
11878:
11814:
11746:
11714:
11646:
11635:on 26 May 2024
11613:
11545:
11485:
11440:
11372:
11313:
11267:
11208:
11176:
11108:
11063:
10995:
10963:
10895:
10827:
10794:
10726:
10658:
10590:
10522:
10454:
10386:
10318:
10266:
10198:
10130:
10062:
9994:
9926:
9858:
9794:
9735:
9671:
9612:
9556:
9529:
9493:
9425:
9386:
9352:
9290:
9252:
9223:
9163:
9129:
9065:
9050:
8982:
8933:"Front Matter"
8924:
8860:
8798:
8756:
8721:
8686:
8622:
8562:
8503:
8443:
8385:
8326:
8266:
8213:"Front Matter"
8204:
8140:
8074:
8039:
8033:. p. 95.
8009:
7949:
7885:
7821:
7757:
7713:
7664:"Front Matter"
7655:
7615:
7580:
7543:
7475:
7434:
7409:
7374:
7340:
7296:
7244:
7193:"Front Matter"
7184:
7141:"Front Matter"
7132:
7094:
7068:
7017:"Front Matter"
7008:
6957:"Front Matter"
6948:
6897:"Front Matter"
6888:
6842:
6790:
6745:
6696:"Front Matter"
6687:
6646:
6595:"Front Matter"
6586:
6540:
6518:(PhD thesis).
6501:
6494:
6464:
6393:
6344:"Front Matter"
6335:
6290:
6239:"Front Matter"
6230:
6189:
6114:
6061:"Front Matter"
6052:
6004:
5960:
5915:
5876:(4): 856–858.
5851:
5805:
5754:"Front Matter"
5745:
5704:
5647:
5592:"Front Matter"
5583:
5532:
5481:"Front Matter"
5472:
5427:
5366:
5331:
5309:
5303:. p. 40.
5285:
5223:
5185:
5165:
5151:
5120:
5088:
5044:
4978:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4918:
4905:
4896:
4879:
4870:
4861:
4848:
4835:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4777:
4767:
4756:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4727:
4717:
4706:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4679:
4668:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4647:
4627:
4616:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4587:
4577:
4566:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4545:
4535:
4524:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4497:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4465:
4445:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:applications."
4421:meta-materials
4409:nanostructures
4401:
4391:
4380:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4363:supercontinuum
4347:
4337:
4326:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4309:quantum matter
4305:
4295:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4267:
4257:
4246:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4229:
4219:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4191:
4181:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4147:
4136:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4115:
4105:
4100:Wilson Sibbett
4094:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4073:
4063:
4058:Richard Friend
4052:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4027:
4017:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3989:
3979:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3943:
3933:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3889:
3879:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3845:
3840:Felix Weinberg
3834:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3811:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3777:
3772:Harold Hopkins
3766:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3753:bubble-chamber
3749:
3739:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3703:
3693:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3665:
3655:
3644:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3623:
3613:
3608:Ilya Prigogine
3602:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3581:
3571:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3543:
3533:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3499:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3471:
3451:
3440:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3413:
3408:William Penney
3402:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3381:
3371:
3360:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3339:
3329:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3295:
3284:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3257:
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3129:
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3122:
3119:jet propulsion
3115:
3105:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3073:
3063:
3052:
3045:
3041:
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3035:
3025:
3020:Alfred Egerton
3014:
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2902:Manne Siegbahn
2896:
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2765:thermodynamics
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2027:
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2016:
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1989:through which
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1973:
1968:Philipp Lenard
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1667:proper motions
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1055:François Arago
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623:
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608:David Brewster
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258:Philipp Lenard
142:thermodynamics
120:
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89:United Kingdom
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14439:Rumford Medal
14437:
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14280:
14278:
14277:Crick Lecture
14275:
14274:
14272:
14268:
14262:
14259:
14257:
14254:
14252:
14251:Mullard Award
14249:
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14232:
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14222:
14218:
14211:
14206:
14204:
14199:
14197:
14192:
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14188:
14181:
14180:Rumford Medal
14176:
14172:
14171:
14151:
14147:
14146:
14141:
14135:
14119:
14115:
14114:
14113:Royal Society
14109:
14103:
14087:
14083:
14082:
14081:Royal Society
14077:
14071:
14055:
14051:
14050:
14045:
14039:
14023:
14019:
14018:
14017:Royal Society
14013:
14007:
13991:
13987:
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13981:
13974:
13958:
13954:
13953:
13952:Royal Society
13948:
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13916:
13910:
13894:
13890:
13889:
13888:Royal Society
13884:
13878:
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13852:
13846:
13830:
13826:
13825:
13824:Royal Society
13820:
13814:
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13788:
13781:
13765:
13761:
13760:
13759:Royal Society
13755:
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13723:
13716:
13700:
13696:
13695:
13694:Royal Society
13690:
13684:
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13658:
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13635:
13631:
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13629:Royal Society
13625:
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13598:
13594:
13587:
13571:
13567:
13566:
13565:Royal Society
13561:
13555:
13539:
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13534:
13533:Royal Society
13529:
13523:
13507:
13503:
13502:
13501:Royal Society
13497:
13491:
13475:
13471:
13470:
13465:
13458:
13442:
13438:
13437:
13436:Royal Society
13432:
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13406:
13405:
13400:
13394:
13375:
13371:
13367:
13363:
13359:
13354:
13349:
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13344:Royal Society
13341:
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13305:
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13289:
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13269:
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13231:
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13226:
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13215:
13199:
13195:
13191:
13187:
13186:
13180:
13173:
13157:
13153:
13152:
13151:Royal Society
13147:
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13113:
13107:
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13075:
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12982:
12976:
12960:
12956:
12952:
12948:
12944:
12940:
12936:
12932:
12928:
12927:
12926:Physics Today
12921:
12914:
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12796:
12790:
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12703:
12699:
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12659:
12655:
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12649:
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12603:
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12567:
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12535:
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12519:
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12309:Royal Society
12305:
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12125:
12120:
12114:
12098:
12094:
12090:
12086:
12082:
12078:
12074:
12070:
12069:Royal Society
12066:
12062:
12061:
12056:
12050:
12034:
12030:
12026:
12022:
12018:
12014:
12010:
12006:
12005:Royal Society
12002:
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11986:
11970:
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11962:
11958:
11957:
11952:
11946:
11930:
11926:
11922:
11918:
11914:
11910:
11906:
11902:
11901:Royal Society
11898:
11894:
11893:
11888:
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11866:
11862:
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11854:
11850:
11846:
11842:
11838:
11837:Royal Society
11834:
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9035:
9031:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9013:
9009:
9005:
9001:
9000:
8992:
8986:
8967:
8963:
8959:
8955:
8951:
8947:
8943:
8942:
8934:
8928:
8920:
8908:
8904:
8900:
8896:
8892:
8888:
8884:
8880:
8876:
8875:
8870:
8864:
8856:
8852:
8848:
8844:
8840:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8822:
8821:Royal Society
8818:
8814:
8813:
8808:
8802:
8787:
8783:
8779:
8775:
8771:
8767:
8760:
8744:
8740:
8736:
8732:
8728:
8724:
8718:
8714:
8710:
8706:
8702:
8701:
8696:
8690:
8682:
8670:
8666:
8662:
8658:
8654:
8650:
8646:
8642:
8638:
8637:
8632:
8626:
8607:
8603:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8585:
8581:
8580:
8572:
8566:
8558:
8547:
8543:
8539:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8519:
8518:
8513:
8507:
8488:
8484:
8480:
8476:
8472:
8468:
8464:
8457:
8453:
8447:
8439:
8427:
8423:
8419:
8415:
8411:
8408:: 227. 1889.
8407:
8403:
8400:(in French).
8399:
8395:
8389:
8381:
8370:
8366:
8362:
8358:
8354:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8341:
8336:
8330:
8314:
8310:
8306:
8302:
8298:
8294:
8290:
8286:
8282:
8281:
8276:
8270:
8254:
8250:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8232:
8228:
8224:
8220:
8219:
8214:
8208:
8200:
8188:
8184:
8180:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8156:
8155:
8150:
8144:
8136:
8124:
8120:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8102:
8098:
8094:
8090:
8089:
8084:
8078:
8062:
8058:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8020:
8013:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7985:
7981:
7977:
7973:
7969:
7965:
7964:
7959:
7953:
7945:
7933:
7929:
7925:
7921:
7917:
7913:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7900:
7895:
7889:
7881:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7853:
7849:
7845:
7841:
7837:
7836:
7831:
7825:
7817:
7805:
7801:
7797:
7793:
7789:
7785:
7781:
7777:
7773:
7772:
7767:
7761:
7753:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7728:
7727:The Athenaeum
7723:
7717:
7709:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7683:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7670:
7665:
7659:
7651:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7633:
7629:
7625:
7619:
7603:
7599:
7595:
7591:
7587:
7583:
7577:
7573:
7569:
7565:
7561:
7557:
7550:
7548:
7528:
7524:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7498:
7494:
7493:
7485:
7479:
7471:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7437:
7435:9781334256820
7431:
7427:
7423:
7419:
7413:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7371:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7344:
7336:
7324:
7320:
7316:
7312:
7311:
7310:The Athenaeum
7306:
7300:
7292:
7280:
7276:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7263:
7258:
7254:
7248:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7202:
7194:
7188:
7172:
7167:
7163:
7159:
7155:
7151:
7150:
7142:
7136:
7121:
7117:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7095:9780521663106
7091:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7072:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7026:
7018:
7012:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6971:
6967:
6966:
6958:
6952:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6907:
6906:
6898:
6892:
6884:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6860:
6854:
6846:
6838:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6809:
6804:
6800:
6794:
6786:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6762:
6756:
6749:
6741:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6702:
6697:
6691:
6676:on 3 May 2012
6675:
6671:
6667:
6666:
6661:
6657:
6650:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6604:
6596:
6590:
6582:
6567:
6563:
6559:
6558:
6552:
6544:
6525:
6521:
6514:
6513:
6505:
6497:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6476:. Dordrecht:
6475:
6468:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6412:
6404:
6397:
6389:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6351:
6350:
6345:
6339:
6331:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6307:
6301:
6294:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6248:
6240:
6234:
6219:on 3 May 2012
6218:
6214:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6200:
6193:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6132:
6126:
6118:
6110:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6075:Royal Society
6072:
6068:
6067:
6062:
6056:
6048:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6014:
6008:
6000:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5964:
5956:
5941:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5926:
5919:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5870:
5865:
5861:
5855:
5847:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5823:
5817:
5809:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5755:
5749:
5734:on 7 May 2012
5733:
5729:
5725:
5724:
5719:
5715:
5708:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5671:Royal Society
5668:
5664:
5663:
5658:
5651:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5609:Royal Society
5606:
5602:
5601:
5593:
5587:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5536:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5482:
5476:
5468:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5438:
5431:
5416:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5391:(3229): 477.
5390:
5386:
5385:
5377:
5370:
5354:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5338:
5336:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5310:9781138375109
5306:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5289:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5247:
5246:Royal Society
5243:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5227:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5186:9780900652561
5182:
5178:
5177:
5169:
5154:
5152:9780511920479
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5124:
5108:
5104:
5103:
5102:Royal Society
5098:
5092:
5084:
5072:
5067:
5064:(1181): 747.
5063:
5059:
5055:
5048:
5040:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4993:
4985:
4983:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4957:Royal Society
4950:
4944:
4942:
4937:
4922:
4915:
4909:
4900:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4874:
4865:
4858:
4852:
4845:
4839:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4814:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4783:and origins."
4782:
4778:
4768:
4763:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4718:
4713:
4712:Polina Bayvel
4704:
4700:
4696:
4690:
4680:
4675:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4628:
4623:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4591:atomic clocks
4588:
4578:
4573:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4546:
4536:
4531:
4530:Miles Padgett
4522:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4498:
4493:
4480:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4446:
4441:
4428:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4405:nanophotonics
4402:
4392:
4387:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4338:
4333:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4306:
4296:
4291:
4278:
4272:
4268:
4258:
4253:
4240:
4234:
4233:ionic liquids
4230:
4220:
4215:
4202:
4196:
4192:
4182:
4177:
4176:Richard Dixon
4164:
4158:
4148:
4143:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4116:
4106:
4101:
4088:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4064:
4059:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4013:
4000:
3994:
3990:
3980:
3975:
3974:Andrew Keller
3962:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3934:
3929:
3916:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3880:
3875:
3862:
3856:
3846:
3841:
3828:
3822:
3812:
3807:
3794:
3788:
3778:
3773:
3760:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3735:
3722:
3716:
3715:liquid helium
3712:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3689:
3676:
3670:
3666:
3656:
3651:
3650:George Porter
3642:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3624:
3614:
3609:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3582:
3572:
3567:
3566:Alan Cottrell
3554:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3529:
3516:
3510:
3500:
3495:
3482:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3452:
3447:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3414:
3409:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3367:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3340:
3330:
3325:
3312:
3306:
3296:
3291:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3258:
3253:
3240:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3215:
3202:
3196:
3186:
3181:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3143:
3142:Frits Zernike
3134:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3101:
3100:Frank Whittle
3092:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3077:absolute zero
3074:
3064:
3059:
3058:Francis Simon
3050:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3026:
3021:
3008:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2983:
2982:Harry Ricardo
2974:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2937:
2936:Gordon Dobson
2924:
2918:
2908:
2903:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2870:
2865:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2832:
2827:
2814:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2747:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2705:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2672:
2667:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2625:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2583:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2541:
2540:Pieter Zeeman
2532:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2508:
2503:
2502:Robert Strutt
2494:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2441:
2440:Charles Fabry
2432:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2399:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2366:
2361:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2328:
2323:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2290:
2285:
2272:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2188:New Zealander
2180:
2175:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2148:
2147:steam turbine
2144:
2134:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2087:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2045:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2017:
2012:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1974:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1936:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1898:
1893:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1851:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1809:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1734:
1729:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1696:
1691:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1645:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1612:
1607:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1574:
1569:
1568:Jules Janssen
1560:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1536:
1531:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1491:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1460:
1455:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1422:
1417:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1384:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1346:
1341:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1308:
1303:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1270:
1265:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1223:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1181:
1180:Louis Pasteur
1172:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1148:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1098:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1056:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1029:Steam-Engines
1026:
1016:
1011:
1002:
998:
994:
988:
984:
974:
969:
960:
956:
952:
949:
942:
936:
932:
922:
917:
908:
904:
900:
894:
890:
880:
875:
866:
862:
858:
852:
848:
838:
833:
824:
820:
816:
813:
806:
800:
790:
785:
776:
772:
768:
762:
758:
748:
743:
734:
730:
726:
723:
716:
713:
706:
703:
696:
690:
686:
676:
671:
662:
658:
654:
651:
644:
641:
634:
628:
624:
614:
609:
600:
596:
592:
586:
582:
572:
567:
558:
554:
550:
544:
534:
529:
516:
513:
506:
500:
496:
492:
482:
477:
468:
464:
460:
454:
453:Gas from Coal
450:
440:
435:
426:
422:
418:
415:
408:
402:
392:
387:
378:
374:
370:
367:
360:
354:
350:
346:
336:
331:
322:
318:
314:
294:
281:
279:
278:Polina Bayvel
275:
271:
267:
266:Charles Fabry
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:United States
223:
220:seven times,
219:
215:
211:
206:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
162:
161:Robert Smirke
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:Royal Society
127:
126:Rumford Medal
116:
110:
107:
103:
100:
99:Royal Society
97:
93:
90:
79:
75:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
46:Count Rumford
42:
37:
34:Rumford Medal
32:
26:
22:
21:Rumford Prize
14483:Pfizer Award
14438:
14424:Hughes Medal
14404:Darwin Medal
14371:
14368:Copley Medal
14246:Milner Award
14156:14 September
14154:. Retrieved
14150:the original
14143:
14134:
14124:14 September
14122:. Retrieved
14118:the original
14111:
14102:
14090:. Retrieved
14079:
14070:
14058:. Retrieved
14047:
14038:
14026:. Retrieved
14015:
14006:
13994:. Retrieved
13983:
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13499:
13490:
13480:14 September
13478:. Retrieved
13474:the original
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13230:the original
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12770:the original
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12658:the original
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12630:. Retrieved
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12037:. Retrieved
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11733:the original
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11633:the original
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10916:
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10848:
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10814:the original
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10475:
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10445:. Retrieved
10407:
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10339:
10333:
10321:
10313:Google Books
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10275:
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10151:
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9503:
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9440:
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9420:Google Books
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9412:. Retrieved
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9083:
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8466:
8462:
8454:(May 2005).
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8092:
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7775:
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7752:Google Books
7750:– via
7744:. Retrieved
7725:
7722:"The Medals"
7716:
7708:Google Books
7706:– via
7700:. Retrieved
7673:
7667:
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7559:
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7470:Google Books
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7353:
7343:
7335:Google Books
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7327:. Retrieved
7308:
7299:
7291:Google Books
7289:– via
7283:. Retrieved
7266:
7260:
7253:Cave, Edward
7247:
7235:. Retrieved
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7123:. Retrieved
7081:
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7011:
6999:. Retrieved
6969:
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6939:. Retrieved
6909:
6903:
6891:
6871:. Retrieved
6857:
6845:
6837:Google Books
6835:– via
6829:. Retrieved
6812:
6806:
6799:Cave, Edward
6793:
6773:. Retrieved
6759:
6748:
6740:Google Books
6738:– via
6732:. Retrieved
6705:
6699:
6690:
6678:. Retrieved
6674:the original
6663:
6658:(May 2010).
6649:
6637:. Retrieved
6607:
6601:
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6569:. Retrieved
6555:
6543:
6531:. Retrieved
6511:
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6455:. Retrieved
6415:
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6380:. Retrieved
6353:
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6318:. Retrieved
6304:
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6281:. Retrieved
6251:
6245:
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6217:the original
6206:
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6180:. Retrieved
6135:
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6109:Google Books
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6101:. Retrieved
6070:
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6055:
6047:Google Books
6045:– via
6039:. Retrieved
6022:
6016:
6007:
5999:Google Books
5997:– via
5991:. Retrieved
5983:W. Blackwood
5978:
5972:
5963:
5943:. Retrieved
5929:
5918:
5906:. Retrieved
5873:
5867:
5854:
5834:. Retrieved
5820:
5808:
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5766:
5760:
5748:
5736:. Retrieved
5732:the original
5721:
5707:
5695:. Retrieved
5666:
5660:
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5638:. Retrieved
5604:
5598:
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5551:
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5535:
5523:. Retrieved
5493:
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5441:
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5418:. Retrieved
5388:
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5357:. Retrieved
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5295:
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5214:. Retrieved
5175:
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5100:
5091:
5083:Google Books
5081:– via
5075:. Retrieved
5061:
5057:
5047:
5037:– via
5031:. Retrieved
5002:
4996:
4969:. Retrieved
4955:
4921:
4908:
4899:
4882:
4873:
4864:
4857:Dennis Gabor
4851:
4838:
4831:Carlos Frenk
4827:Dennis Gabor
4817:
4741:revolution."
4637:
4622:Carlos Frenk
4572:Patrick Gill
4492:Ian Walmsley
4455:
4252:Edward Hinds
4228:Luxembourger
3461:
3446:Dennis Gabor
3121:of aircraft"
2479:Alfred Perot
1606:Alfred Cornu
1340:John Tyndall
1199:racemic acid
947:
811:
721:
711:
701:
649:
639:
627:Polarisation
566:Humphry Davy
511:
413:
365:
305:Nationality
270:Alfred Perot
207:
195:
172:
154:
125:
123:
95:Presented by
25:
14429:Kavli Medal
14419:Gabor Medal
14388:Royal Medal
14351:Fellowships
14316:Fellowships
12179:"Editorial"
5244:(302–307).
4844:Ortwin Hess
4823:Ortwin Hess
4440:Ortwin Hess
3901:solar cells
3806:Denis Rooke
3585:dislocation
2959:meteorology
2864:Robert Wood
2746:Fritz Haber
2704:Peter Debye
2601:calorimeter
2457:"For their
2360:John Strutt
1987:vacuum tube
1930:James Dewar
1222:Jules Jamin
1142:Neil Arnott
386:John Leslie
254:New Zealand
218:Netherlands
157:silver gilt
54:Awarded for
14535:Categories
14473:Kohn Award
14409:Davy Medal
13346:: 12, 15.
13236:26 January
13162:26 January
13130:26 January
13061:26 January
12997:(1): 148.
12920:"In Brief"
12779:26 January
12664:27 January
12572:27 January
11739:27 January
11639:27 January
11482:required.)
11470:27 January
11310:required.)
11298:27 January
11105:required.)
11093:27 January
10988:27 January
10820:27 January
9539:1046977488
9404:1237868311
9396:2020952678
9270:1063964091
9232:Eve, A. S.
8731:2012005199
8703:. London:
8049:2011936386
7454:1359045150
7392:1351894515
7384:2023930767
7112:1015083902
7104:2003043584
6885:required.)
6873:27 January
6787:required.)
6775:9 February
6680:6 February
6583:required.)
6571:27 January
6332:required.)
6320:27 January
6223:6 February
5957:required.)
5945:27 January
5848:required.)
5836:27 January
5738:27 January
5554:(2): 137.
5469:required.)
5457:27 January
5319:1380361038
5203:1152936062
4933:References
4332:Roy Taylor
4142:David King
3711:superfluid
3475:holography
3460:Hungarian
3228:Australian
585:Combustion
308:Rationale
246:Luxembourg
13370:249204363
13362:1748-8494
13268:0049-3929
13194:0049-3929
13019:202575185
12955:1945-0699
12893:202574964
12829:202574706
12622:125271555
12530:202574538
12450:202575411
12370:264700318
12279:1476-4687
12216:258704470
12208:1474-9092
12153:1476-4687
12093:202574592
12029:202574553
11965:2059-7487
11925:202574920
11861:202574906
11794:1476-4687
11697:164478147
11681:1743-0178
11593:1476-4687
11529:1476-4687
11420:1476-4687
11356:1476-4687
11251:1476-4687
11156:1476-4687
11043:1476-4687
10943:1476-4687
10875:1476-4687
10774:1476-4687
10706:1476-4687
10638:1476-4687
10570:1476-4687
10502:1476-4687
10434:1476-4687
10366:1476-4687
10297:651861350
10289:0080-4673
10246:1476-4687
10178:1476-4687
10110:1476-4687
10042:1476-4687
9974:1476-4687
9906:1476-4687
9829:1095-9203
9778:1476-4687
9714:1476-4687
9655:1476-4687
9591:1476-4687
9521:2196-8829
9473:1476-4687
9335:1476-4687
9278:27478992M
9234:(2013) .
9206:1476-4687
9108:1476-4687
9060:The Times
9030:1476-4687
8954:2053-9223
8903:1476-4687
8855:186213701
8839:2053-9126
8786:1587-3781
8739:948603191
8665:1476-4687
8602:1476-4687
8546:1476-4687
8475:1824-0178
8414:0572-7405
8369:1476-4687
8309:1476-4687
8231:2053-9223
8183:1476-4687
8119:1476-4687
8057:765959525
7992:1476-4687
7928:1476-4687
7864:1476-4687
7800:1476-4687
7736:1747-3594
7682:2053-9223
7650:1753-7843
7598:26100071M
7590:787859175
7523:1476-4687
7319:1747-3594
7305:"Science"
7275:700633912
7214:2053-9223
7162:2053-9223
7120:17106703M
7038:2053-9223
6978:2053-9223
6918:2053-9223
6821:700633912
6714:2053-9223
6616:2053-9223
6444:2037-4909
6362:2053-9223
6260:2053-9223
6156:1520-636X
6131:Chirality
6083:2053-9223
6031:867727625
5869:Evolution
5775:2053-9223
5617:2053-9223
5578:119830189
5570:1090-249X
5502:2053-9223
5415:1476-4687
5301:Routledge
5280:186209910
5264:2053-9126
5211:42979174M
4762:Tony Bell
4413:plasmonic
2557:"For his
1982:Hungarian
1785:Bolometer
1669:of stars"
933:"For his
761:Pyrometer
629:of Light"
299:Portrait
274:Tony Bell
238:Australia
169:Lucretius
14086:Archived
14054:Archived
14022:Archived
13990:Archived
13957:Archived
13925:Archived
13893:Archived
13861:Archived
13829:Archived
13797:Archived
13764:Archived
13732:Archived
13699:Archived
13667:Archived
13634:Archived
13602:Archived
13570:Archived
13538:Archived
13506:Archived
13441:Archived
13409:Archived
13374:Archived
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13272:Archived
13198:Archived
13156:Archived
13090:Archived
13023:Archived
12959:Archived
12897:Archived
12833:Archived
12734:Archived
12626:Archived
12566:Archived
12534:Archived
12454:Archived
12374:Archived
12314:Archived
12220:Archived
12194:(5): x.
12097:Archived
12033:Archived
11969:Archived
11929:Archived
11865:Archived
11798:Archived
11701:Archived
11597:Archived
11424:Archived
11160:Archived
11047:Archived
10982:Archived
10947:Archived
10879:Archived
10778:Archived
10710:Archived
10642:Archived
10574:Archived
10506:Archived
10438:Archived
10370:Archived
10301:Archived
10250:Archived
10182:Archived
10114:Archived
10046:Archived
9978:Archived
9910:Archived
9841:Archived
9837:17797618
9718:Archived
9595:Archived
9543:Archived
9477:Archived
9408:Archived
9339:Archived
9262:40004076
9210:Archived
9150:Archived
9112:Archived
9034:Archived
8966:Archived
8907:Archived
8743:Archived
8669:Archived
8606:Archived
8487:Archived
8483:89800573
8426:Archived
8313:Archived
8253:Archived
8187:Archived
8123:Archived
8061:Archived
7996:Archived
7932:Archived
7868:Archived
7804:Archived
7740:Archived
7696:Archived
7602:Archived
7527:Archived
7458:Archived
7445:25138589
7396:Archived
7323:Archived
7279:Archived
7255:(1857).
7228:Archived
7052:Archived
6992:Archived
6932:Archived
6825:Archived
6728:Archived
6630:Archived
6524:Archived
6448:Archived
6376:Archived
6274:Archived
6176:Archived
6172:46858352
6164:29450920
6097:Archived
6035:Archived
5987:Archived
5902:Archived
5898:28568132
5789:Archived
5691:Archived
5631:Archived
5516:Archived
5353:Archived
5195:82110340
5131:(2011).
5107:Archived
5071:41335075
5027:Archived
4962:Archived
4792:See also
4688:American
4645:British
4636:Mexican
4463:British
3469:British
2878:American
1780:American
948:No award
812:No award
722:No award
712:No award
702:No award
650:No award
640:No award
512:No award
414:No award
366:No award
228:thrice,
136:, Count
14359:Premier
12965:10 June
12935:Bibcode
12730:6423882
12722:2565571
12714:2398521
12694:Bibcode
12614:2398206
12522:2858856
12514:2397855
12494:Bibcode
12442:6132388
12434:2397469
12414:Bibcode
12362:2990381
12259:Bibcode
12158:19 June
12133:Bibcode
11772:Bibcode
11571:Bibcode
11509:Bibcode
11398:Bibcode
11336:Bibcode
11231:Bibcode
11201:20 June
11134:Bibcode
11021:Bibcode
10921:Bibcode
10853:Bibcode
10752:Bibcode
10684:Bibcode
10616:Bibcode
10548:Bibcode
10480:Bibcode
10412:Bibcode
10344:Bibcode
10307:12 June
10224:Bibcode
10156:Bibcode
10088:Bibcode
10020:Bibcode
9952:Bibcode
9884:Bibcode
9808:Science
9758:Bibcode
9744:"Notes"
9694:Bibcode
9680:"Notes"
9635:Bibcode
9621:"Notes"
9451:Bibcode
9434:"Notes"
9313:Bibcode
9283:13 June
9186:Bibcode
9172:"Notes"
9156:20 June
9118:12 June
9088:Bibcode
9074:"Notes"
9008:Bibcode
8975:11 June
8913:10 June
8883:Bibcode
8869:"Notes"
8819:(364).
8791:20 June
8780:: 199.
8776:(2–4).
8645:Bibcode
8631:"Notes"
8526:Bibcode
8512:"Notes"
8496:11 June
8422:1537689
8349:Bibcode
8335:"Notes"
8289:Bibcode
8275:"Notes"
8249:1697286
8163:Bibcode
8149:"Notes"
8097:Bibcode
7972:Bibcode
7958:"Notes"
7938:10 June
7908:Bibcode
7894:"Notes"
7874:10 June
7844:Bibcode
7830:"Notes"
7810:10 June
7780:Bibcode
7766:"Notes"
7746:10 June
7501:Bibcode
7237:11 June
7177:11 June
7125:20 June
7061:11 June
7001:10 June
6941:10 June
6831:10 June
6734:13 June
6639:10 June
6533:10 June
6457:20 June
6424:Bibcode
6382:10 June
6283:10 June
6182:12 June
6142:: 7–8.
6103:10 June
5993:10 June
5890:2407927
5673:: 252.
5525:11 June
5420:19 June
5393:Bibcode
5324:19 June
5216:29 June
5158:19 June
5113:19 June
5077:19 June
5033:19 June
5011:Bibcode
4971:19 June
4776:British
4726:British
4586:British
4544:British
4506:British
4454:German
4400:British
4359:soliton
4351:tunable
4346:British
4304:British
4266:British
4190:British
4156:British
4114:British
4072:British
4026:British
3988:British
3942:British
3888:British
3854:British
3820:British
3786:British
3755:optics"
3748:British
3702:British
3664:British
3622:Belgian
3580:British
3542:British
3508:British
3422:British
3338:British
3304:British
3266:British
3194:British
3114:British
3072:British
3034:British
2996:British
2950:British
2916:Swedish
2840:British
2638:British
2596:British
2516:British
2412:British
2374:British
2226:British
2142:British
2058:British
2025:German
1944:British
1906:Swedish
1822:Italian
1742:Swedish
1704:British
1658:British
1544:British
1502:Swedish
1430:British
1354:British
1278:British
1156:British
1111:British
982:British
930:British
846:British
798:Italian
756:British
622:British
580:British
542:British
448:British
400:British
344:British
242:Belgium
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232:twice,
214:Germany
200:or the
187:exergue
181:of the
171:' poem
165:obverse
138:Rumford
105:Website
77:Country
67: (
14397:Medals
14361:Medals
14224:Awards
14092:8 June
14060:8 June
14028:8 June
13996:8 June
13963:8 June
13931:8 June
13899:8 June
13867:8 June
13835:8 June
13803:8 June
13770:8 June
13738:8 June
13705:8 June
13673:8 June
13640:8 June
13608:8 June
13576:8 June
13544:7 June
13512:7 June
13447:7 June
13415:7 June
13383:7 June
13368:
13360:
13310:7 June
13278:7 June
13266:
13204:7 June
13192:
13096:7 June
13029:7 June
13017:
13011:531890
13009:
12953:
12903:7 June
12891:
12885:531398
12883:
12839:7 June
12827:
12819:
12740:7 June
12728:
12720:
12712:
12632:7 June
12620:
12612:
12540:7 June
12528:
12520:
12512:
12460:7 June
12448:
12440:
12432:
12380:7 June
12368:
12360:
12320:7 June
12284:7 June
12277:
12250:Nature
12229:7 June
12214:
12206:
12151:
12124:Nature
12103:7 June
12091:
12085:531768
12083:
12039:7 June
12027:
12021:531743
12019:
11975:7 June
11963:
11935:7 June
11923:
11917:531118
11915:
11871:7 June
11859:
11853:531058
11851:
11807:7 June
11792:
11763:Nature
11707:7 June
11695:
11689:531198
11687:
11679:
11606:7 June
11591:
11562:Nature
11534:7 June
11527:
11500:Nature
11476:
11433:7 June
11418:
11389:Nature
11361:7 June
11354:
11327:Nature
11304:
11256:7 June
11249:
11222:Nature
11169:7 June
11154:
11125:Nature
11099:
11056:7 June
11041:
11012:Nature
10956:7 June
10941:
10912:Nature
10888:7 June
10873:
10844:Nature
10787:7 June
10772:
10743:Nature
10719:7 June
10704:
10675:Nature
10651:7 June
10636:
10607:Nature
10583:7 June
10568:
10539:Nature
10515:7 June
10500:
10471:Nature
10447:7 June
10432:
10403:Nature
10379:7 June
10364:
10335:Nature
10295:
10287:
10259:7 June
10244:
10215:Nature
10191:7 June
10176:
10147:Nature
10123:7 June
10108:
10079:Nature
10055:7 June
10040:
10011:Nature
9987:7 June
9972:
9943:Nature
9919:7 June
9904:
9875:Nature
9847:7 June
9835:
9827:
9783:7 June
9776:
9749:Nature
9724:7 June
9712:
9685:Nature
9660:6 June
9653:
9626:Nature
9601:6 June
9589:
9570:Nature
9549:6 June
9537:
9527:
9519:
9486:6 June
9471:
9442:Nature
9414:6 June
9402:
9394:
9384:
9345:6 June
9333:
9304:Nature
9276:
9268:
9260:
9250:
9216:6 June
9204:
9177:Nature
9106:
9079:Nature
9043:6 June
9028:
8999:Nature
8960:
8952:
8901:
8874:Nature
8853:
8847:115852
8845:
8837:
8784:
8749:6 June
8737:
8729:
8719:
8675:6 June
8663:
8636:Nature
8615:6 June
8600:
8579:Nature
8551:5 June
8544:
8517:Nature
8481:
8473:
8438:Persée
8432:5 June
8420:
8412:
8374:5 June
8367:
8340:Nature
8319:5 June
8307:
8280:Nature
8259:5 June
8247:
8240:109476
8237:
8229:
8193:5 June
8181:
8154:Nature
8129:5 June
8117:
8088:Nature
8067:5 June
8055:
8047:
8037:
8002:5 June
7990:
7963:Nature
7926:
7899:Nature
7862:
7835:Nature
7798:
7771:Nature
7734:
7702:5 June
7691:108935
7688:
7680:
7648:
7608:5 June
7596:
7588:
7578:
7536:5 June
7521:
7492:Nature
7464:5 June
7452:
7442:
7432:
7402:5 June
7390:
7382:
7372:
7329:5 June
7317:
7285:5 June
7273:
7269:: 94.
7223:108490
7220:
7212:
7171:108528
7168:
7160:
7118:
7110:
7102:
7092:
7047:108423
7044:
7036:
6987:108281
6984:
6976:
6927:108302
6924:
6916:
6879:
6819:
6815:: 72.
6781:
6723:108208
6720:
6712:
6625:108184
6622:
6614:
6577:
6492:
6442:
6371:107981
6368:
6360:
6326:
6269:107858
6266:
6258:
6170:
6162:
6154:
6092:107486
6089:
6081:
6041:5 June
6029:
5951:
5908:5 June
5896:
5888:
5842:
5798:5 June
5784:107330
5781:
5773:
5697:5 June
5687:531628
5685:
5640:5 June
5626:107155
5623:
5615:
5576:
5568:
5511:107065
5508:
5500:
5463:
5413:
5384:Nature
5359:8 June
5317:
5307:
5278:
5272:115194
5270:
5262:
5209:
5201:
5193:
5183:
5149:
5068:
5021:
5009:: 86.
2760:German
2680:German
2454:French
2298:German
2100:French
1864:German
1620:French
1582:French
1468:French
1392:French
1316:German
1236:French
1194:French
1069:French
1024:French
888:French
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311:Notes
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210:France
111:
86:
13377:(PDF)
13366:S2CID
13358:eISSN
13330:(PDF)
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12773:(PDF)
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12223:(PDF)
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12089:S2CID
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12067:(1).
12025:S2CID
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12003:(1).
11921:S2CID
11913:JSTOR
11899:(1).
11857:S2CID
11849:JSTOR
11835:(1).
11801:(PDF)
11790:eISSN
11758:(PDF)
11693:S2CID
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11628:AIM25
11600:(PDF)
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11427:(PDF)
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10839:(PDF)
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10006:(PDF)
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8025:[
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6633:(PDF)
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6598:(PDF)
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6140:Wiley
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6079:eISSN
5981:(5).
5886:JSTOR
5792:(PDF)
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5771:eISSN
5757:(PDF)
5683:JSTOR
5669:(2).
5634:(PDF)
5621:JSTOR
5613:eISSN
5595:(PDF)
5574:S2CID
5566:eISSN
5519:(PDF)
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5498:eISSN
5484:(PDF)
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5023:21857
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5005:(2).
4965:(PDF)
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4355:Raman
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4090:2000
4044:1998
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3964:1994
3918:1992
3897:doped
3864:1990
3830:1988
3796:1986
3762:1984
3724:1982
3678:1980
3636:1978
3594:1976
3556:1974
3518:1972
3484:1970
3432:1968
3394:1966
3380:Dutch
3352:1964
3314:1962
3276:1960
3242:1958
3204:1956
3170:1954
3156:Dutch
3128:1952
3086:1950
3044:1948
3010:1946
2968:1944
2926:1942
2888:1940
2850:1938
2816:1936
2802:Dutch
2774:1934
2732:1932
2718:Dutch
2690:1930
2652:1928
2610:1926
2568:1924
2554:Dutch
2526:1922
2488:1920
2426:1918
2384:1916
2346:1914
2336:Dutch
2308:1912
2274:1910
2264:Dutch
2236:1908
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2160:1904
2114:1902
2072:1900
2063:ether
2030:1898
1954:1896
1916:1894
1878:1892
1836:1890
1794:1888
1752:1886
1714:1884
1676:1882
1630:1880
1592:1878
1554:1876
1516:1874
1478:1872
1440:1870
1402:1868
1364:1866
1326:1864
1288:1862
1250:1860
1208:1858
1166:1856
1128:1854
1083:1852
1041:1850
996:1848
954:1846
944:1844
902:1842
860:1840
818:1838
808:1836
770:1834
728:1832
718:1830
708:1828
698:1826
656:1824
646:1822
636:1820
594:1818
552:1816
518:1814
508:1812
462:1810
420:1808
410:1806
372:1804
362:1802
353:Light
316:1800
302:Name
296:Year
230:Italy
179:Count
28:Award
14158:2024
14126:2024
14094:2024
14062:2024
14030:2024
13998:2024
13965:2024
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13482:2024
13449:2024
13417:2024
13385:2024
13312:2024
13280:2024
13264:ISSN
13238:2009
13206:2024
13190:ISSN
13164:2009
13132:2009
13098:2024
13063:2009
13031:2024
12967:2024
12905:2024
12841:2024
12781:2009
12742:2024
12718:PMID
12666:2009
12634:2024
12574:2009
12542:2024
12518:PMID
12462:2024
12438:PMID
12382:2024
12322:2024
12286:2024
12231:2024
12160:2024
12105:2024
12041:2024
11977:2024
11961:ISSN
11937:2024
11873:2024
11809:2024
11741:2009
11709:2024
11641:2009
11608:2024
11536:2024
11472:2009
11435:2024
11363:2024
11300:2009
11258:2024
11203:2024
11171:2024
11095:2009
11058:2024
10990:2009
10958:2024
10890:2024
10822:2009
10789:2024
10721:2024
10653:2024
10585:2024
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10449:2024
10381:2024
10309:2024
10293:OCLC
10285:ISSN
10261:2024
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10057:2024
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9785:2024
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9488:2024
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9218:2024
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8793:2024
8751:2024
8735:OCLC
8727:LCCN
8717:ISBN
8677:2024
8617:2024
8553:2024
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8434:2024
8418:OCLC
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8261:2024
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8195:2024
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8069:2024
8053:OCLC
8045:LCCN
8035:ISBN
8004:2024
7940:2024
7876:2024
7812:2024
7748:2024
7732:ISSN
7704:2024
7610:2024
7586:OCLC
7576:ISBN
7538:2024
7466:2024
7450:OCLC
7430:ISBN
7404:2024
7388:OCLC
7380:LCCN
7370:ISBN
7331:2024
7315:ISSN
7287:2024
7271:OCLC
7239:2024
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7100:LCCN
7090:ISBN
7063:2024
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6943:2024
6875:2009
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6817:OCLC
6777:2009
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6682:2009
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6573:2009
6535:2024
6490:ISBN
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6416:37 C
6384:2024
6322:2009
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6225:2009
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6105:2024
6043:2024
6027:OCLC
5995:2024
5947:2009
5910:2024
5894:PMID
5838:2009
5800:2024
5740:2009
5699:2024
5642:2024
5527:2024
5459:2009
5422:2024
5361:2024
5326:2024
5315:OCLC
5305:ISBN
5218:2024
5199:OCLC
5191:LCCN
5181:ISBN
5160:2024
5147:ISBN
5115:2024
5079:2024
5035:2024
4973:2024
4471:and
4361:and
4079:and
3949:and
351:and
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252:and
124:The
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65:1800
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12943:doi
12873:doi
12809:doi
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11227:178
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11017:170
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10680:154
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10612:150
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10476:142
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10408:138
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10220:130
10164:doi
10152:126
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4890:in
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