488:
208:
44:
255:. He received a vote of confidence of 370 to 137. The chief issues were the maintenance of the law requiring three years' service in the army and provision for a loan of 1,800,000,000 francs ($ 360,000,000) for military preparations. Viviani supported both of these measures. During the
220:
René Viviani was born in
Algeria in a family of Italian immigrants. His parliamentary career began in 1893, when he was elected deputy of the fifth ward in Paris. He retained this office until 1902, when he failed to be reelected, but four years later he was elected deputy of the
327:
During
Viviani's time as prime minister, a law was adopted in July 1915 providing for special boards to fix such a wage for women employed in home-work in the clothing industry. In May 1919 the Chamber of Deputies finally debated the bill proposed by
229:. At an early age he associated himself with the Socialist party, soon becoming one of its most brilliant orators and prominent leaders. When the party was reorganized in 1904 into the Unified Socialist party, Viviani, like fellow Socialist
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
2351:
309:
as
Minister of War, but other French politicians refused to join Viviani's government, so he resigned on 27 October 1915. Viviani served as Vice-President of the Council of Ministers (
2331:
2541:
1139:
1124:
2376:
1094:
373:
279:
2171:
259:, he was largely dominated by President Poincaré. He retained the premiership for the first year of the First World War, but his tenure was undistinguished.
2286:
248:, and for a while it seemed that they would be unable to agree upon any one for Premier, but finally, he was appointed prime minister on 13 June 1914, by
2629:
2321:
2311:
1054:
2291:
2296:
2281:
2381:
3513:
2591:
3558:
3246:
1819:
2326:
2231:
2371:
2757:
2404:
1087:
332:
in 1906 for limited women's suffrage. Viviani gave an eloquent speech in its support, and the chamber voted in its favour by 344 to 97.
2201:
1308:
444:
3523:
3508:
2747:
2164:
2536:
2495:
2457:
2439:
2429:
2409:
1202:
1119:
320:
In April 1917 Viviani led a mission to the US, which had just entered the war "associated with" the Allies. He was overshadowed by
2462:
2576:
2251:
1149:
1022:
887:
480:
406:
234:
2306:
2840:
2820:
2566:
1080:
3493:
2226:
3568:
2513:
2472:
770:
682:
663:
644:
342:
2609:
2518:
2211:
2878:
2467:
2157:
1197:
968:
941:
837:
749:
The
Encyclopædia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, Volume 31 by Hugh Chisholm
461:
346:
2561:
2361:
2341:
2246:
1280:
1260:
382:
3518:
2414:
2241:
3498:
2654:
2634:
1207:
1172:
1103:
435:
364:
2893:
420:
245:
1626:
2356:
2346:
2276:
2137:
310:
270:
as
Minister of War. Along with President Poincaré and War Minister Millerand he attended a June 1915 meeting of
2815:
2805:
2571:
2546:
2434:
2266:
1318:
1129:
793:
2737:
2644:
2528:
2482:
1111:
2424:
2366:
704:
Weber, Eugen. "Jews, Antisemitism, and the
Origins of the Holocaust." Réflexions Historiques 5.1 (1978), p.7
2918:
2581:
2386:
995:
544:
410:
396:
391:
355:
17:
2316:
3563:
2180:
1192:
860:
833:
571:
487:
426:
298:
1947:
1144:
815:
2868:
2785:
1376:
1351:
802:
294:
159:
2800:
2780:
2762:
2742:
2722:
3337:
3319:
1995:
1381:
501:
3462:
3226:
3158:
2551:
1799:
1726:
1270:
2131:
1391:
1356:
914:
470:
188:
58:
2669:
2301:
2256:
1182:
3098:
3048:
2983:
2271:
1516:
961:
510:
290:
3432:
3372:
3294:
2825:
1932:
3271:
2835:
2694:
2556:
1854:
1252:
760:
611:
241:. Viviani was an antisemite, arguing that "antisemitism is the best form of social struggle".
3422:
3412:
3329:
2850:
2727:
2712:
2702:
2624:
2614:
2396:
2070:
2045:
2000:
1972:
1338:
1064:
465:
184:
2863:
2664:
2619:
2490:
2216:
1242:
1217:
3503:
3488:
3483:
3387:
2928:
2903:
2888:
2772:
2732:
2065:
1461:
1436:
1411:
1396:
1386:
1366:
1346:
1295:
3402:
3352:
2795:
1134:
8:
3367:
3168:
3138:
3078:
2968:
2958:
2449:
1696:
1606:
1481:
516:
306:
263:
249:
233:, stayed outside, and thenceforth called himself an Independent Socialist. He served as
148:
3188:
3178:
3143:
3093:
3013:
2913:
2095:
2050:
1761:
1716:
1701:
1651:
1621:
1556:
1421:
252:
79:
3452:
3362:
2883:
2873:
2810:
2674:
2221:
2206:
1601:
1536:
1328:
1232:
1222:
1187:
788:
226:
3231:
3133:
3113:
3103:
2684:
2105:
2075:
1804:
1789:
1771:
1691:
1646:
1631:
1237:
3457:
3447:
2586:
2090:
2080:
1980:
1962:
1829:
1751:
1711:
1666:
1531:
1154:
1047:
766:
678:
659:
640:
632:
3407:
3033:
2993:
2973:
2943:
2933:
2830:
1952:
1676:
1496:
1303:
1265:
1032:
934:
192:
183:; 8 November 1863 – 7 September 1925) was a French politician of the
128:
3427:
3347:
3309:
3043:
3028:
3008:
2978:
2963:
2261:
2236:
1990:
1731:
1721:
1571:
1177:
951:
853:
567:
549:
457:
402:
301:. Although he survived a no confidence vote by 372–9, there were many abstentions.
238:
199:. In France he sought to protect the rights of socialists and trade union workers.
3128:
2898:
2188:
2040:
1686:
1671:
1661:
1636:
1596:
1406:
1015:
3377:
3289:
3279:
3256:
3118:
3108:
3088:
3083:
3063:
3058:
3018:
2988:
2948:
2908:
1957:
1887:
1839:
1656:
1641:
1616:
1611:
1591:
1586:
1576:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1526:
1491:
1471:
1451:
1446:
1416:
988:
978:
924:
907:
829:
540:
534:
528:
387:
351:
329:
314:
302:
267:
230:
212:
179:
103:
91:
3342:
1985:
1521:
1501:
1466:
1285:
1072:
431:
289:
By autumn 1915 Viviani's government was in trouble following the resignation of
3442:
3417:
3284:
3173:
3073:
3023:
2998:
2679:
2659:
2649:
2639:
2419:
2196:
2115:
2030:
2025:
2010:
2005:
1902:
1892:
1882:
1877:
1867:
1741:
1706:
1227:
1212:
897:
870:
582:
555:
476:
440:
378:
369:
283:
275:
196:
132:
3437:
3397:
3314:
2938:
2149:
2055:
1907:
1897:
1872:
1834:
1441:
1005:
495:
3477:
3357:
3304:
3216:
3198:
3148:
3068:
2953:
2790:
2752:
2717:
2707:
2601:
2110:
2060:
2035:
2020:
2015:
1927:
1917:
1862:
1566:
1511:
1506:
1486:
1476:
1456:
1431:
1275:
1164:
880:
783:
576:
561:
416:
321:
271:
1922:
3392:
3382:
3236:
3221:
3208:
3193:
3183:
3153:
3123:
2505:
2336:
2085:
1809:
1794:
1781:
1766:
1736:
1681:
1546:
1361:
614:
is a small public space near Notre-Dame in central Paris, named for
Viviani
601:
13 October 1915 – Viviani succeeds
Delcassé as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
588:
3261:
1844:
1756:
1746:
3299:
3163:
3003:
2923:
2858:
2100:
1937:
1912:
1426:
1401:
1371:
522:
360:
256:
207:
1942:
335:
262:
On 26 August 1914 Viviani reorganized his cabinet on a war basis with
3554:
Members of the 12th
Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
3549:
Members of the 11th
Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
3544:
Members of the 10th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
3539:
Members of the 9th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
3534:
Members of the 7th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
3529:
Members of the 6th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
286:), a rare attempt at political oversight at this stage of the war.
222:
43:
782:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
324:, who attracted much more attention from the American press.
496:
Viviani's Second Ministry, 26 August 1914 – 29 October 1915
762:
France and Women, 1789–1914: Gender, Society and Politics
585:– Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs
244:
In the spring of 1914 an exceptionally radical chamber
445:
Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs
336:
Viviani's First Government, 13 June – 26 August 1914
274:(Commander-in-Chief) and his Army Group Commanders (
537:– Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
191:for the first year of World War I. He was born in
1102:
383:Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
3475:
626:The sleepwalkers: How Europe went to war in 1914
2179:
787:
558:– Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
225:. In the same year he entered the cabinet of
2165:
1088:
1023:Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
888:Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
481:Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
2172:
2158:
1095:
1081:
791:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905).
672:
653:
42:
758:
486:
206:
675:The French Army and the First World War
631:
507:René Viviani – President of the Council
475:succeeds l'Aude as Minister of Marine.
71:13 June 1914 – 29 October 1915
14:
3514:Republican-Socialist Party politicians
3476:
861:Minister of Labour and Social Security
830:Newspaper clippings about René Viviani
3559:French senators of the Third Republic
2153:
1076:
797:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
178:
295:unsuccessful western front offensive
27:Prime Minister of France (1863–1925)
24:
618:
313:) and Gallieni as War Minister in
25:
3580:
823:
765:, Psychology Press, p. 217,
3524:Deputy prime ministers of France
3509:French people of Italian descent
172:Jean Raphaël Adrien René Viviani
123:Jean Raphaël Adrien René Viviani
794:New International Encyclopedia
752:
743:
734:
725:
716:
707:
698:
677:. Cambridge University Press.
673:Greenhalgh, Elizabeth (2014).
654:Eisenhower, John S.D. (2001).
407:Minister of Public Instruction
299:entry of Bulgaria into the war
235:Minister of Public Instruction
13:
1:
1104:Heads of government of France
692:
535:Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin
513:– Minister of Foreign Affairs
388:Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin
3569:French people of World War I
639:. Harvard University Press.
591:– Minister without Portfolio
202:
7:
2181:Foreign Ministers of France
969:Minister of Foreign Affairs
942:Minister of Foreign Affairs
834:20th Century Press Archives
759:McMillan, James F. (2000),
605:
462:Minister of Foreign Affairs
347:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
3585:
3494:People from Sidi Bel Abbès
579:– Minister of Public Works
525:– Minister of the Interior
499:
3519:Prime ministers of France
3328:
3270:
3245:
3207:
2849:
2771:
2693:
2600:
2527:
2504:
2481:
2448:
2395:
2187:
2124:
1971:
1853:
1818:
1780:
1337:
1317:
1294:
1251:
1163:
1110:
1061:
1052:
1044:
1039:
1029:
1020:
1012:
1002:
993:
985:
975:
966:
958:
948:
939:
931:
921:
912:
904:
894:
885:
877:
867:
858:
850:
845:
564:– Minister of Agriculture
502:Second Viviani government
397:Armand Gauthier de l'Aude
293:as Foreign Minister, the
165:
155:
138:
118:
113:
109:
97:
85:
75:
64:
57:
53:
41:
34:
3499:People of French Algeria
2894:Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire
2132:Chief minister of France
1040:Awards and achievements
915:Prime Minister of France
658:. Simon & Schuster.
436:Minister of Public Works
365:Minister of the Interior
343:President of the Council
59:Prime Minister of France
740:Eisenhower 2001, p12-13
421:Minister of Agriculture
1055:Cover of Time Magazine
722:Greenhalgh 2014, p.100
492:
479:succeeds Augagneur as
217:
2138:Deputy Prime Minister
1065:Franklin D. Roosevelt
713:Greenhalgh 2014, p.67
531:– Minister of Finance
490:
466:Jean-Victor Augagneur
311:Deputy Prime Minister
210:
180:[ʁənevivjani]
176:French pronunciation:
624:Clark, Christopher.
572:Minister of Colonies
552:– Minister of Marine
460:succeeds Viviani as
427:Minister of Colonies
399:– Minister of Marine
223:Department of Creuse
996:Minister of Justice
612:Square René Viviani
545:Minister of Justice
517:Alexandre Millerand
392:Minister of Justice
374:Minister of Finance
264:Alexandre Millerand
237:in the ministry of
149:Le Plessis-Robinson
3564:Senators of Creuse
2841:La Tour d'Auvergne
2529:Second Restoration
962:Théophile Delcassé
846:Political offices
731:Doughty 2005, p229
633:Doughty, Robert A.
511:Théophile Delcassé
493:
425:Maurice Raynaud –
305:agreed to replace
227:Georges Clemenceau
218:
216:cover, 19 May 1923
3471:
3470:
3338:Couve de Murville
3320:Couve de Murville
2577:Montmorency-Laval
2483:First Restoration
2147:
2146:
1996:Couve de Murville
1071:
1070:
1062:Succeeded by
1048:John Barton Payne
1030:Succeeded by
1003:Succeeded by
976:Succeeded by
949:Succeeded by
922:Succeeded by
895:Succeeded by
868:Succeeded by
810:Missing or empty
803:cite encyclopedia
772:978-0-415-22602-8
684:978-1-107-60568-8
665:978-0-743-22385-0
646:978-0-674-02726-8
519:– Minister of War
317:'s new ministry.
169:
168:
16:(Redirected from
3576:
2919:Challemel-Lacour
2821:La Tour Auvergne
2174:
2167:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2134:(pre-Revolution)
1948:Bourgès-Maunoury
1517:Waldeck-Rousseau
1321:National Defense
1309:Cousin-Montauban
1261:Dupont de l'Eure
1097:
1090:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1045:Preceded by
1013:Preceded by
986:Preceded by
959:Preceded by
952:Gaston Doumergue
932:Preceded by
905:Preceded by
878:Preceded by
854:Gaston Doumergue
851:Preceded by
843:
842:
819:
813:
808:
806:
798:
776:
775:
756:
750:
747:
741:
738:
732:
729:
723:
720:
714:
711:
705:
702:
688:
669:
650:
568:Gaston Doumergue
550:Victor Augagneur
474:
458:Gaston Doumergue
456:3 August 1914 –
403:Victor Augagneur
303:General Gallieni
239:Gaston Doumergue
187:, who served as
182:
177:
145:
142:7 September 1925
114:Personal details
100:
88:
80:Raymond Poincaré
69:
46:
32:
31:
21:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3373:François-Poncet
3324:
3272:Fourth Republic
3266:
3248:
3241:
3203:
2845:
2801:Drouyn de Lhuys
2781:Drouyn de Lhuys
2767:
2763:Drouyn de Lhuys
2743:Drouyn de Lhuys
2723:Drouyn de Lhuys
2695:Second Republic
2689:
2596:
2542:A. E. Richelieu
2523:
2500:
2477:
2444:
2391:
2207:A. J. Richelieu
2183:
2178:
2148:
2143:
2120:
1967:
1855:Fourth Republic
1849:
1821:
1814:
1776:
1627:François-Marsal
1333:
1320:
1313:
1290:
1253:Second Republic
1247:
1159:
1106:
1101:
1067:
1058:
1050:
1035:
1026:
1018:
1008:
999:
991:
989:Aristide Briand
981:
979:Aristide Briand
972:
964:
954:
945:
937:
927:
925:Aristide Briand
918:
910:
908:Alexandre Ribot
900:
891:
883:
873:
864:
856:
826:
811:
809:
800:
799:
779:
773:
757:
753:
748:
744:
739:
735:
730:
726:
721:
717:
712:
708:
703:
699:
695:
685:
666:
647:
637:Pyrrhic Victory
621:
619:Further reading
608:
541:Aristide Briand
529:Alexandre Ribot
504:
498:
468:
356:Minister of War
352:Adolphe Messimy
341:René Viviani –
338:
330:Paul Dussaussoy
315:Aristide Briand
268:Adolphe Messimy
231:Aristide Briand
205:
175:
156:Political party
151:, Paris, France
147:
143:
127:
126:8 November 1863
125:
124:
104:Aristide Briand
98:
92:Alexandre Ribot
86:
70:
65:
49:
48:Viviani in 1912
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3582:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3330:Fifth Republic
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2959:Casimir-Perier
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2851:Third Republic
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2557:M. Montmorency
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2397:First Republic
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1973:Fifth Republic
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1482:Casimir-Perier
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1339:Third Republic
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1033:Théodore Steeg
1031:
1028:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1001:
992:
987:
983:
982:
977:
974:
965:
960:
956:
955:
950:
947:
938:
935:Léon Bourgeois
933:
929:
928:
923:
920:
911:
906:
902:
901:
898:Arthur Dessoye
896:
893:
884:
879:
875:
874:
871:Louis Lafferre
869:
866:
857:
852:
848:
847:
841:
840:
825:
824:External links
822:
821:
820:
778:
777:
771:
751:
742:
733:
724:
715:
706:
696:
694:
691:
690:
689:
683:
670:
664:
651:
645:
629:
620:
617:
616:
615:
607:
604:
603:
602:
593:
592:
586:
583:Gaston Thomson
580:
574:
565:
559:
556:Albert Sarraut
553:
547:
538:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
500:Main article:
497:
494:
485:
484:
477:Albert Sarraut
448:
447:
441:Gaston Thomson
438:
429:
423:
414:
400:
394:
385:
379:Maurice Couyba
376:
370:Joseph Noulens
367:
358:
349:
337:
334:
322:Marshal Joffre
204:
201:
197:French Algeria
193:Sidi Bel Abbès
189:Prime Minister
185:Third Republic
167:
166:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
146:(aged 61)
140:
136:
135:
133:French Algeria
129:Sidi Bel Abbès
122:
120:
116:
115:
111:
110:
107:
106:
101:
95:
94:
89:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
62:
61:
55:
54:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3581:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3363:Sauvagnargues
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3295:Mendès France
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2773:Second Empire
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2602:July Monarchy
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Chateaubriand
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:L. Phélypeaux
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2297:Saint-Contest
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:R. Phélypeaux
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2189:Ancien Régime
2186:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Chaban-Delmas
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1933:Mendès France
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1377:A. de Broglie
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:A. de Broglie
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1319:Government of
1316:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1296:Second Empire
1293:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:V. de Broglie
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:V. de Broglie
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1165:July Monarchy
1162:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1016:Paul Painlevé
1011:
1007:
998:
997:
990:
984:
980:
971:
970:
963:
957:
953:
944:
943:
936:
930:
926:
917:
916:
909:
903:
899:
890:
889:
882:
881:Louis Barthou
876:
872:
863:
862:
855:
849:
844:
839:
835:
831:
828:
827:
817:
804:
796:
795:
790:
789:Gilman, D. C.
785:
784:public domain
781:
780:
774:
768:
764:
763:
755:
746:
737:
728:
719:
710:
701:
697:
686:
680:
676:
671:
667:
661:
657:
652:
648:
642:
638:
634:
630:
627:
623:
622:
613:
610:
609:
600:
599:
598:
597:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
577:Marcel Sembat
575:
573:
569:
566:
563:
562:Fernand David
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
546:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
505:
503:
489:
482:
478:
472:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:
453:
452:
446:
442:
439:
437:
433:
430:
428:
424:
422:
418:
417:Fernand David
415:
412:
408:
404:
401:
398:
395:
393:
389:
386:
384:
380:
377:
375:
371:
368:
366:
362:
359:
357:
353:
350:
348:
344:
340:
339:
333:
331:
325:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
254:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
215:
214:
209:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
181:
173:
164:
161:
158:
154:
150:
141:
137:
134:
130:
121:
117:
112:
108:
105:
102:
96:
93:
90:
84:
81:
78:
74:
68:
63:
60:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
3433:Alliot-Marie
3423:Douste-Blazy
3209:Vichy France
3169:Paul-Boncour
3139:Paul-Boncour
3053:
3038:
2572:La Ferronays
2514:Caulaincourt
2506:Hundred Days
2473:Caulaincourt
2450:First Empire
2405:Lebrun-Tondu
2387:Sainte-Croix
1782:Vichy France
1697:Paul-Boncour
1581:
1059:19 May 1923
1053:
1021:
994:
967:
940:
913:
886:
859:
812:|title=
792:
761:
754:
745:
736:
727:
718:
709:
700:
674:
655:
636:
625:
595:
594:
589:Jules Guesde
491:René Viviani
450:
449:
432:René Renoult
326:
319:
288:
261:
243:
219:
211:
171:
170:
144:(1925-09-07)
99:Succeeded by
66:
36:René Viviani
29:
18:Rene Viviani
3504:Pieds-noirs
3489:1925 deaths
3484:1863 births
3353:Bettencourt
3247:Provisional
2728:Tocqueville
2322:É. Choiseul
2317:C. Choiseul
2312:É. Choiseul
2222:Bouthillier
1820:Provisional
1112:Restoration
1006:Raoul Péret
523:Louis Malvy
469: [
361:Louis Malvy
257:July Crisis
246:was elected
87:Preceded by
3478:Categories
3368:Guiringaud
3249:Government
2884:Waddington
2879:Banneville
2869:A. Broglie
2816:La Valette
2806:La Valette
2670:Montebello
2655:V. Broglie
2635:V. Broglie
2630:Sébastiani
2537:Talleyrand
2496:Talleyrand
2458:Talleyrand
2440:Talleyrand
2430:Talleyrand
2382:Dubouchage
1822:Government
1602:Clemenceau
1537:Clemenceau
1392:Waddington
1382:Rochebouët
1120:Talleyrand
1027:1916–1917
1000:1915–1917
919:1914–1915
892:1913–1914
865:1906–1910
693:References
266:replacing
3079:Millerand
3044:Doumergue
3034:Bourgeois
3029:Doumergue
2994:Bourgeois
2974:Bourgeois
2969:Berthelot
2929:Freycinet
2914:Fallières
2904:Freycinet
2889:Freycinet
2796:Thouvenel
2703:Lamartine
2592:Mortemart
2547:Dessolles
2463:Champagny
2425:Delacroix
2410:Deforgues
2377:Chambonas
2367:Dumouriez
2357:Montmorin
2347:Montmorin
2342:Vergennes
2332:Aiguillon
2292:Puisieulx
2272:Chauvelin
2140:(defunct)
2091:Cazeneuve
2046:Bérégovoy
1981:De Gaulle
1963:De Gaulle
1830:De Gaulle
1752:Chautemps
1722:Doumergue
1712:Chautemps
1667:Chautemps
1607:Millerand
1572:Doumergue
1497:Bourgeois
1462:Freycinet
1437:Freycinet
1422:Fallières
1412:Freycinet
1397:Freycinet
1271:Cavaignac
1150:Martignac
1140:Richelieu
1130:Dessolles
1125:Richelieu
411:Fine Arts
307:Millerand
280:Castelnau
250:President
203:Biography
76:President
67:In office
3463:Séjourné
3453:Le Drian
3428:Kouchner
3413:Villepin
3403:Charette
3378:Cheysson
3348:Schumann
3217:Baudouin
3199:Baudouin
3189:Daladier
3179:Daladier
3144:Daladier
3099:Lefebvre
3094:Poincaré
3049:Delcassé
3014:Poincaré
2984:Delcassé
2979:Hanotaux
2964:Hanotaux
2934:Flourens
2899:Gambetta
2831:Ollivier
2811:Moustier
2786:Walewski
2738:La Hitte
2733:Rayneval
2587:Polignac
2582:Portalis
2552:Pasquier
2491:Laforest
2435:Reinhard
2352:Vauguyon
2287:Argenson
2282:Noailles
2277:Chaillou
2267:Morville
2257:Huxelles
2242:Pomponne
2227:Chavigny
2202:Villeroy
2096:Philippe
2071:Villepin
2066:Raffarin
2051:Balladur
1991:Pompidou
1958:Pflimlin
1953:Gaillard
1903:Queuille
1893:Queuille
1883:Queuille
1863:Ramadier
1762:Daladier
1732:Bouisson
1717:Daladier
1702:Daladier
1652:Poincaré
1637:Painlevé
1622:Poincaré
1597:Painlevé
1557:Poincaré
1552:Caillaux
1407:Gambetta
1304:Ollivier
1281:Hautpoul
1178:Laffitte
1155:Polignac
635:(2005).
606:See also
297:and the
291:Delcassé
253:Poincaré
3458:Colonna
3448:Ayrault
3418:Barnier
3408:Védrine
3388:Raimond
3290:Bidault
3285:Schuman
3280:Bidault
3257:Bidault
3227:Flandin
3194:Reynaud
3184:Reynaud
3159:Flandin
3149:Barthou
3134:Herriot
3129:Tardieu
3114:Herriot
3104:Herriot
3084:Leygues
3069:Barthou
3054:Viviani
3039:Viviani
3019:Jonnart
2989:Rouvier
2954:Develle
2944:Spuller
2909:Duclerc
2874:Decazes
2864:Rémusat
2836:Gramont
2791:Baroche
2753:Baroche
2748:Brénier
2718:Bastide
2708:Bastide
2645:Bresson
2615:Jourdan
2468:Bassano
2372:Naillac
2362:Lessart
2302:Rouillé
2247:Croissy
2232:Brienne
2212:Sillery
2125:Related
2116:Barnier
2081:Ayrault
2041:Cresson
2006:Messmer
1888:Bidault
1878:Schuman
1868:Schuman
1840:Bidault
1800:Flandin
1767:Reynaud
1742:Sarraut
1727:Flandin
1707:Sarraut
1692:Herriot
1687:Tardieu
1672:Tardieu
1662:Tardieu
1647:Herriot
1632:Herriot
1612:Leygues
1582:Viviani
1567:Barthou
1532:Sarrien
1527:Rouvier
1507:Brisson
1452:Floquet
1447:Rouvier
1432:Brisson
1417:Duclerc
1387:Dufaure
1367:Dufaure
1347:Dufaure
1286:Faucher
1203:Mortier
1145:Villèle
1135:Decazes
836:of the
832:in the
786::
628:(2012).
596:Changes
451:Changes
3443:Fabius
3358:Jobert
3315:Pleven
3310:Pineau
3232:Darlan
3174:Bonnet
3164:Delbos
3119:Briand
3109:Briand
3089:Briand
3074:Pichon
3059:Briand
3024:Pichon
3009:Selves
3004:Cruppi
2999:Pichon
2939:Goblet
2758:Turgot
2713:Bedeau
2685:Guizot
2680:Thiers
2660:Thiers
2625:Maison
2610:Bignon
2519:Bignon
2420:Herman
2415:Goujon
2337:Bertin
2307:Bernis
2262:Dubois
2237:Lionne
2101:Castex
2076:Fillon
2061:Jospin
2036:Rocard
2031:Chirac
2026:Fabius
2021:Mauroy
2011:Chirac
1943:Mollet
1928:Laniel
1908:Pleven
1898:Pleven
1805:Darlan
1790:Pétain
1772:Pétain
1657:Briand
1642:Briand
1617:Briand
1587:Briand
1562:Briand
1542:Briand
1522:Combes
1502:Méline
1467:Loubet
1457:Tirard
1442:Goblet
1362:Buffet
1357:Cissey
1329:Trochu
1276:Barrot
1238:Guizot
1228:Thiers
1213:Thiers
1193:Gérard
1183:Perier
769:
681:
662:
643:
284:Dubail
272:Joffre
3438:Juppé
3398:Juppé
3393:Dumas
3383:Dumas
3343:Debré
3305:Pinay
3300:Faure
3237:Laval
3222:Laval
3154:Laval
3124:Laval
3064:Ribot
2949:Ribot
2924:Ferry
2859:Favre
2675:Soult
2650:Rigny
2640:Rigny
2567:Damas
2252:Torcy
2197:Revol
2111:Attal
2106:Borne
2086:Valls
2056:Juppé
2016:Barre
1986:Debré
1938:Faure
1923:Mayer
1918:Pinay
1913:Faure
1873:Marie
1835:Gouin
1810:Laval
1795:Laval
1737:Laval
1682:Laval
1677:Steeg
1592:Ribot
1577:Ribot
1547:Monis
1512:Dupuy
1492:Ribot
1487:Dupuy
1477:Dupuy
1472:Ribot
1427:Ferry
1402:Ferry
1372:Simon
1266:Arago
1233:Soult
1223:Soult
1198:Maret
1188:Soult
973:1915
946:1914
656:Yanks
473:]
195:, in
3262:Blum
2826:Daru
2665:Molé
2620:Molé
1845:Blum
1757:Blum
1747:Blum
1243:Molé
1218:Molé
816:help
767:ISBN
679:ISBN
660:ISBN
641:ISBN
409:and
345:and
282:and
276:Foch
213:Time
139:Died
119:Born
838:ZBW
464:.
160:PRS
3480::
807::
805:}}
801:{{
570:–
543:–
471:fr
443:–
434:–
419:–
405:–
390:–
381:–
372:–
363:–
354:–
278:,
131:,
2173:e
2166:t
2159:v
1096:e
1089:t
1082:v
818:)
814:(
687:.
668:.
649:.
483:.
413:.
174:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
