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In
Burmese, differences in tone correlate with vowel phonation and so neither exists independently. There are three registers in Burmese, which have traditionally been considered three of the four "tones". (The fourth is not actually a register but is a closed syllable, and is similar to the
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phonetics.) Jones (1986) views the differences as "resulting from the intersection of both pitch registers and voice registers.... Clearly
Burmese is not tonal in the same sense as such other languages and therefore requires a different concept, namely that of pitch register."
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is sometimes considered to be a register language. It has also been called a "restructured register language" because both its pitch and phonation can be considered allophonic. If they are ignored, the phonemic distinctions that they carry remain as differences in
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that are conventionally called "rising", falling", and "broken". However, the "broken tone" is distinguished not by pitch but by glottalization, and is similar to the
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is distinguished by the presence of a glottal stop in the middle of the vowel. The
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tones are both pronounced as low falling, but distinguished primarily by
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An example of a non-Asian language with register distinctions is
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Jones, Robert B. (1986). McCoy, John; Light, Timothy (eds.).
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pp. 309-310. In
Aleksandra Aikhenvald and Robert Dixon,
45:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
82:feature of syllables in certain languages in which
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59:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
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94:or similar features depend upon one another.
312:being noticeably longer and pronounced with
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401:Prosodic Diffusibility in South-East Asia,
405:Areal Diffusion and Genetic Inheritance,
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376:Contributions to Sino-Tibetan studies
49:. For the distinction between ,
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135:Burmese pitch-phonation registers
22:For the sociolinguistic term, see
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356:register of Northern Vietnamese.
304:being short and pronounced with
288:tones are both high rising but
41:International Phonetic Alphabet
29:Feature of some tonal languages
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24:Register (sociolinguistics)
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197:high; falling when final
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37:phonetic transcriptions
399:James Matisoff, 2001.
379:. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
34:This article contains
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18:Register complex
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128:Middle Chinese
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92:glottalization
76:pitch register
57:⟩, see
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334:vowel length
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244:glottal stop
217:Creaky voice
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53:and ⟨
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627:Pitch reset
537:Tone letter
532:Tone sandhi
164:Modal voice
122:so-called "
667:Categories
616:Intonation
588:Gemination
360:References
330:diphthongs
274:Vietnamese
268:Vietnamese
143:Phonation
107:Wu Chinese
103:Vietnamese
16:See also:
673:Phonation
517:Downdrift
140:Register
88:phonation
68:phonology
642:Loudness
583:Chroneme
507:Downstep
502:Register
459:Syllable
261:'fresh'
239:Checked
152:Example
86:, vowel
80:prosodic
72:register
51:/ /
47:Help:IPA
618:(pitch)
608:Prosody
346:Latvian
340:Latvian
234:'moon'
221:medium
213:Creaky
208:'mule'
181:'come'
146:Length
117:Burmese
99:Burmese
78:, is a
39:in the
637:Rhythm
632:Stress
575:Length
565:Accent
547:Stress
512:Upstep
451:Timing
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308:, and
248:short
242:Final
155:Gloss
149:Pitch
55:
652:Pausa
325:Khmer
320:Khmer
310:huyền
298:huyền
278:tones
251:high
224:high
194:long
186:High
168:long
126:" in
74:, or
43:(IPA)
484:Tone
464:Mora
407:OUP.
381:ISBN
332:and
302:nặng
296:and
294:nặng
284:and
171:low
160:Low
111:Zulu
109:and
84:tone
70:, a
354:ngã
290:ngã
286:sắc
282:ngã
272:In
256:လတ်
205:~
202:လား
66:In
669::
336:.
316:.
176:လာ
113:.
105:,
101:,
90:,
437:e
430:t
423:v
389:.
229:လ
61:.
26:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.