Rational emotive behavior therapy

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of reference. They have further argued that REBT utilizes an integrated and interrelated methodology of cognitive, emotive-experiential and behavioral interventions. Others have questioned REBTs view of rationality, both radical constructivists who have claimed that reason and logic are subjective properties and those who believe that reason can be objectively determined. REBT theorists have argued in reply that REBT raises objections to clients' irrational choices and conclusions as a working hypothesis and through collaborative efforts demonstrate the irrationality on practical, functional and social consensual grounds. In 1998 when asked what the main criticism on REBT was, Albert Ellis replied that it was the claim that it was too rational and not dealing sufficiently enough with emotions. He repudiated the claim by saying that REBT on the contrary emphasizes that thinking, feeling, and behaving are interrelated and integrated, and that it includes a vast amount of both emotional and behavioural methods in addition to cognitive ones.

1547:– No matter how, when, and why people acquire self-defeating or irrational beliefs (i.e. beliefs that are the main cause of their dysfunctional emotional-behavioral consequences), if they are disturbed in the present, they tend to keep holding these irrational beliefs and continue upsetting themselves with these thoughts. They do so not because they held them in the past, but because they still actively hold them in the present (often unconsciously), while continuing to reaffirm their beliefs and act as if they are still valid. In their minds and hearts, the troubled people still follow the core "masturbatory" philosophies they adopted or invented long ago or ones they recently accepted or constructed. 1634:. Central through these methods and techniques is the intent to help the client challenge, dispute and question their destructive and self-defeating cognitions, emotions and behaviors. The methods and techniques incorporate cognitive-philosophic, emotive-evocative-dramatic, and behavioral methods for disputation of the client's irrational and self-defeating constructs and helps the client come up with more rational and self-constructive ones. REBT seeks to acknowledge that understanding and insight are not enough; in order for clients to significantly change, they need to pinpoint their irrational and self-defeating 1844:

self-helpingly, then the resulting consequence is, according to REBT, likely to be more healthy, constructive and functional. This does not by any means mean that a relatively un-disturbed person never experiences negative feelings, but REBT does hope to keep debilitating and un-healthy emotions and subsequent self-defeating behavior to a minimum. To do this, REBT generally promotes a flexible, un-dogmatic, self-helping and efficient belief system and constructive life philosophy about adversities and human desires and preferences.

1602:. After working through these problems, the client learns to generalize insights to other relevant situations. In many cases after going through a client's different target problems, the therapist is interested in examining possible core beliefs and more deep rooted philosophical evaluations and schemas that might account for a wider array of problematic emotions and behaviors. Although REBT much of the time is used as a brief therapy, in deeper and more complex problems, longer therapy is promoted. 1063: 1870:

their "being" and give up the narrow, grandiose and ultimately destructive notion to give themselves any global rating or report card. This is partly because all humans are continually evolving and are far too complex to accurately rate; all humans do both self-defeating / socially defeating and self-helping/socially helping deeds, and have both beneficial and un-beneficial attributes and traits at certain times and in certain conditions. REBT holds that

183: 36: 1539:) are much more likely to follow strong negative As (such as being assaulted or raped), than they are to follow weak As (such as being disliked by a stranger), the main or more direct cores of extreme and dysfunctional emotional disturbances (Cs) are people's irrational beliefs—the "absolutistic" (inflexible) "musts" and their accompanying inferences and attributions that people strongly believe about the activating event. 1796:. Prominent REBTers have promoted the importance of high quality and programmatic research, including originator Ellis, a self-proclaimed "passionate skeptic". He has on many occasions been open to challenges and acknowledged errors and inefficiencies in his approach and concurrently revised his theories and practices. In general, with regard to cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies' 1555:– No matter how well they have gained insights 1 and 2, insight alone rarely enables people to undo their emotional disturbances. They may feel better when they know, or think they know, how they became disturbed, because insights can feel useful and curative. But it is unlikely that people will actually get better and stay better unless they have and apply insight 3, which is that 727: 1298:"Other people with whom I relate or associate, absolutely MUST, under practically all conditions and at all times, treat me nicely, considerately and fairly. Otherwise, it is terrible and they are rotten, bad, unworthy people who will always treat me badly and do not deserve a good life and should be severely punished for acting so abominably to me." 1295:"I absolutely MUST, under practically all conditions and at all times, perform well (or outstandingly well) and win the approval (or complete love) of significant others. If I fail in these important—and sacred—respects, that is awful and I am a bad, incompetent, unworthy person, who will probably always fail and deserves to suffer." 926:. In his first major book on rational therapy, Ellis wrote that the central principle of his approach, that people are rarely emotionally affected by external events but rather by their thinking about such events, "was originally discovered and stated by the ancient Stoic philosophers." Ellis illustrates this with a quote from the 1586:

other-acceptance or unconditional positive regard, the therapist is not necessarily always encouraged to build a warm and caring relationship with the client. The tasks of the therapist or counselor include understanding the client's concerns from his point of reference and work as a facilitator, teacher and encourager.

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aspects, as opposed to the combination of cognitive, emotive and behavioral aspects of REBT. As REBT has been subject to criticisms during its existence, especially in its early years, REBT theorists have a long history of publishing and addressing those concerns. It has also been argued by Ellis and

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base to verify and support both their psychotherapeutic efficiency and their theoretical underpinnings. Meta-analyses of outcome-based studies reveal REBT to be effective for treating various psychopathologies, conditions and problems. Recently, REBT randomized clinical trials have offered a positive

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between the REBT therapist and a client results in changes to the client's philosophical way of evaluating himself or herself, others, and his or her life, which will likely yield effective results. The client then moves toward unconditional self-acceptance, other-acceptance and life-acceptance while

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Almost all (neurotic clients) have innate tendencies to take their strong desires and preferences (which they learn and which they also have biological predispositions to construct) and to escalate them into unrealistic, illogical, absolutist demands and to thereby disturb themselves when these rigid

1301:"The conditions under which I live absolutely MUST, at practically all times, be favorable, safe, hassle-free, and quickly and easily enjoyable, and if they are not that way it's awful and horrible and I can't bear it. I can't ever enjoy myself at all. My life is impossible and hardly worth living." 1251:

One of the main pillars of REBT is that irrational and dysfunctional ways and patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving are contributing to human disturbance and emotional and behavioral self-defeatism and social defeatism. REBT generally teaches that when people turn flexible preferences, desires

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A fundamental premise of REBT is that humans do not get emotionally disturbed by unfortunate circumstances, but by how they construct their views of these circumstances through their language, evaluative beliefs, meanings and philosophies about the world, themselves and others. This concept has been

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That human beings are inherently fallible and imperfect and that they are better served by accepting their and other human beings' totality and humanity, while at the same time they may not like some of their behaviors and characteristics. That they are better off not measuring their entire self or

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Some have criticized REBT for being harsh, formulaic and failing to address deep underlying problems. REBT theorists have argued in reply that a careful study of REBT shows that it is both philosophically deep, humanistic and individualized collaboratively working on the basis of the client's point

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REBT also has many interfaces and applications through self-help resources, phone and internet counseling, workshops & seminars, workplace and educational programmes, etc. This includes Rational Emotive Education (REE) where REBT is applied in education settings, Rational Effectiveness Training

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themselves to lead happier and more fulfilling lives. The emphasis in therapy is generally to establish a successful collaborative therapeutic working alliance based on the REBT educational model. Although REBT teaches that the therapist or counsellor is better served by demonstrating unconditional

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process in which the therapist often active-directively teaches the client how to identify irrational and self-defeating beliefs and philosophies which in nature are rigid, extreme, unrealistic, illogical and absolutist, and then to forcefully and actively question and dispute them and replace them

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and overgeneralizations are accompanied by these. According to REBT, the core dysfunctional philosophies in a person's evaluative emotional and behavioral belief system are also very likely to contribute to unrealistic, arbitrary and crooked inferences and distortions in thinking. REBT therefore

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The REBT framework posits that humans have both innate rational (meaning self-helping, socially helping, and constructive) and irrational (meaning self-defeating, socially defeating, and unhelpful) tendencies and leanings. REBT claims that people to a large degree consciously and unconsciously

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REBT assumes that human thinking, emotion, and action are not really separate or disparate processes, but that they all significantly overlap and are rarely experienced in a pure state. Much of what we call emotion is nothing more nor less than a certain kind—a biased, prejudiced, or strongly

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system of theory and practices and a school of thought established by Ellis. He first presented his ideas at a conference of the American Psychological Association in 1956 then published a seminal article in 1957 entitled "Rational psychotherapy and individual psychology", in which he set the

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Further, REBT generally posits that disturbed evaluations to a large degree occur through overgeneralization, wherein people exaggerate and globalize events or traits, usually unwanted events or traits or behavior, out of context, while almost always ignoring the positive events or traits or

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to a large degree results from an adequate amount of self-helping, flexible, logico-empirical ways of thinking, emoting and behaving. When a perceived undesired and stressful activating event occurs, and the individual is interpreting, evaluating and reacting to the situation rationally and

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between making themselves feel healthily or, self-helpingly, sorry, disappointed, frustrated, and annoyed or making themselves feel unhealthily and self-defeatingly horrified, terrified, panicked, depressed, self-hating and self-pitying. By attaining and ingraining a more rational and

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In traditional REBT, the client together with the therapist, in a structured active-directive manner, often work through a set of target problems and establish a set of therapeutic goals. In these target problems, situational dysfunctional emotions, behaviors and beliefs are

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REBT has been developed, revised and augmented through the years as understanding and knowledge of psychology and psychotherapy have progressed. This includes its theoretical concepts, practices and methodology. The teaching of scientific thinking, reasonableness and

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As explained, REBT is a therapeutic system of both theory and practice; generally one of the goals of REBT is to help clients see the ways in which they have learned how they often needlessly upset themselves, teach them how to "un-upset" themselves and then how to

1800:, others have pointed out that as about 30–40% of people are still unresponsive to interventions, that REBT could be a platform of reinvigorating empirical studies on the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral models of psychopathology and human functioning. 1531:– People seeing and accepting the reality that their emotional disturbances at point C are only partially caused by the activating events or adversities at point A that precede C. Although A contributes to C, and although disturbed Cs (such as feelings of 1653:

Another factor contributing to the brevity of REBT is that the therapist seeks to empower the client to help himself through future adversities. REBT only promotes temporary solutions if more fundamental solutions are not found. An ideal successful

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Through REBT, by understanding the role of their mediating, evaluative and philosophically based illogical, unrealistic and self-defeating meanings, interpretations and assumptions in disturbance, individuals can learn to identify them, then go to

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In therapy, the first step often is that the client acknowledges the problems, accepts emotional responsibility for these and has willingness and determination to change. This normally requires a considerable amount of insight, but as originator

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Because of their self-consciousness and their ability to think about their thinking, they can very easily disturb themselves about their disturbances and can also disturb themselves about their ineffective attempts to overcome their emotional

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in that it places little emphasis on exploring the past, but instead focuses on changing the current evaluations and philosophical thinking-emoting and behaving in relation to themselves, others and the conditions under which people live.

1690:, assertiveness training, grief, problems with aging, money, weight control etc. More recently, the reported use of REBT in sport and exercise settings has grown, with the efficacy of REBT demonstrated across a range of sports. 2205:

Ellis, Albert (2003). Early theories and practices of rational emotive behavior theory and how they have been augmented and revised during the last three decades. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy,

1571:. Only by a combined cognitive, emotive, and behavioral, as well as a quite persistent and forceful attack on one's serious emotional problems, is one likely to significantly ameliorate or remove them, and keep them removed. 1729:

Ellis himself later in life accepted that REBT was not universally effective; "I hope I am also not a devout REBTer, since I do not think it is an unmitigated cure for everyone and do accept its distinct limitations."

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flaws or misdeeds. Frustration intolerance then occurs when a person perceives something to be too difficult, painful or tedious, and by doing so exaggerates these qualities beyond one's ability to cope with them.

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That people had better accept life with its hassles and difficulties not always in accordance with their wants, while trying to change what they can change and live as elegantly as possible with what they cannot

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tasks, i.e., by having the client confront the very thing he or she is afraid of. By doing so, the client is actively acting against the belief that often is contributing significantly to the disturbance.

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evaluative kind—of thought. But emotions and behaviors significantly influence and affect thinking, just as thinking influences emotions and behaviors. Evaluating is a fundamental characteristic of human

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in the field of psychotherapy and a large amount of clinical experience and a substantial body of modern psychological research have validated and substantiated many of REBTs theoretical assumptions on

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eliefs that are most significant are highly evaluative and consist of interrelated and integrated cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects and dimensions. According to REBT, if a person's evaluative

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which not only enable them to think about their feeling, their actions, and the results they get from doing and not doing certain things, but they also are able to think about their thinking and even

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That the concepts and philosophies of life of unconditional self-acceptance, other-acceptance, and life-acceptance are effective philosophies of life in achieving mental wellness and

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REBT posits that the client must work hard to get better, and in therapy this normally includes a wide array of homework exercises in day-to-day life assigned by the therapist. The

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David D. et al. (2005). A synopsis of rational-emotive behavior therapy: Fundamental and applied research. Journal of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavior therapy 2005, vol. 23

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whether clients merely feel better after therapy instead of them getting better and staying better. Ellis has also criticized studies for having limited focus primarily to

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Lyons, L. C., & Woods, P. J. (1991). The efficacy of rational-emotive therapy: A quantitative review of the outcome research. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 357–369.

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Ellis has suggested that humans take the above distorted ways of thinking and created three core beliefs or philosophies that humans tend to disturb themselves through:

1698:(Self Management And Recovery Training) in supporting those in addiction recovery, in addition to a wide variety of specialized treatment strategies and applications. 846:(CBT) and was first expounded by Ellis in the mid-1950s; development continued until his death in 2007. Ellis became synonymous with the highly influential therapy. 3917: 1898:

Ellis, A. (1994) Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy: Comprehensive Method of Treating Human Disturbances : Revised and Updated. New York, NY: Citadel Press

1559:; actively, energetically, and scientifically disputing them; replacing one's absolute "musts" (rigid requirements about how things should be) with more flexible 1486:

early in and during life, and further grow stronger as a person continually revisits, clings and acts on them. Ellis alludes to similarities between REBT and the

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Essential to REBT theory is also the concept of secondary disturbances which people sometimes construct on top of their primary disturbance. As Ellis emphasizes:

1962:

McMahon, J., &d Vernon, A. (2010) Albert Ellis: Evolution of a Revolution: Selections from the Writings of Albert Ellis, Ph.D. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books.

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and wishes into grandiose, absolutistic and fatalistic dictates, this tends to contribute to disturbance and upset. These dysfunctional patterns are examples of

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REBT posits that people have erroneous beliefs about situations they are involved in, and that these beliefs cause disturbance, but can be disputed and changed.

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REBT commonly posits that at the core of irrational beliefs there often are explicit or implicit rigid demands and commands, and that extreme derivatives like

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dversity can be an external situation, or a thought, a feeling or other kind of internal event, and it can refer to an event in the past, present, or future.

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Velten, E. & Penn, P. E. REBT for People With Co-occurring Problems: Albert Ellis in the Wilds of Arizona. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.

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and distinguish them from healthy constructs, and subscribe to more constructive and self-helping philosophies. This new reasonable perspective leads to

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Precursors of certain fundamental aspects of rational emotive behavior therapy have been identified in ancient philosophical traditions, particularly to

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Applications and interfaces of REBT are used with a broad range of clinical problems in traditional psychotherapeutic settings such as individual-,

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there is usually no way to get better and stay better except by continual work and practice in looking for and finding one's core irrational beliefs

3912: 2747: 3927: 1474:, and prior responses appear to bias subsequent responses. What we call feelings almost always have a pronounced evaluating or appraisal element. 1195:

onsequence, is likely to be self-defeating and destructive. Alternatively, if a person's belief is preferential, flexible, and constructive, the

100: 2715: 72: 1404:, elevating the rating of something from bad to worse than it should be, to beyond totally bad, worse than bad to the intolerable and to a " 757: 1752:

has on occasions emphasized the difficulty and complexity of measuring psychotherapeutic effectiveness, because many studies only tend to

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I hope I am also not a devout REBTer, since I do not think it is an unmitigated cure for everyone and do accept its distinct limitations.

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Low Frustration Tolerance (LFT): The belief that one could not stand or tolerate adversity (e.g., I cannot stand being treated unfairly).

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Ellis, Albert (2001). Overcoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings, and Behaviors: New Directions for Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy.

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by other clinicians that REBT theory on numerous occasions has been misunderstood and misconstrued both in research and in general.

467: 86: 17: 1675:. It is used as a general treatment for a vast number of different conditions and psychological problems normally associated with 3113: 1277:

Depreciation: The belief that one event reflects the person as a whole (e.g., When I fail it shows that I am a complete failure).

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model are the explicit and implicit philosophical meanings and assumptions about events, personal desires, and preferences. The

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REBT then generally proposes that many of these self-defeating cognitive, emotive and behavioral tendencies are both innately

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in REBT is to show the client that whenever unpleasant and unfortunate activating events occur in people's lives, they have a

946:: "There's nothing good or bad but thinking makes it so." Ellis also acknowledges early 20th century therapists, particularly 68: 3963: 2900: 2829: 2773: 2759: 2741: 2727: 2708: 2639: 2042: 1848: 1635: 2284: 3217: 3050: 1325:

Holding this belief when faced with adversity tends to contribute to feelings of anger, rage, fury, and vindictiveness.

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Ellis, A. (2004) Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy: It Works for Me—It Can Work for You. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

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Ellis, Albert. (1994). Reason and Emotion In Psychotherapy, Revised and Updated. Secaucus, NJ: Carol Publishing Group

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Velten, E. (2010) Under the Influence: Reflections of Albert Ellis in the Work of Others. Tucson, AZ: See Sharp Press

1563:; changing one's unhealthy feelings to healthy, self-helping emotions; and firmly acting against one's dysfunctional 119: 3318: 2998: 1686:, consultation and coaching settings dealing with problems including relationships, social skills, career changes, 1470:

response, and then response tends to bias subsequent perception. Also, prior perceptions appear to bias subsequent

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Awfulizing: The tendency to consider adverse events as awful or terrible (e.g., It's awful when I am disrespected).

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ffective new philosophy, they can recognize and reinforce the notion no evidence exists for any psychopathological

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exercises, can gain a more rational, self-helping and constructive rational way of thinking, emoting and behaving.

750: 674: 1408:". The same exaggeration and overgeneralizing occurs with human rating, wherein humans come to be arbitrarily and 3942: 3886: 2620: 2492:"Examining the effects of rational emotive behavior therapy on performance outcomes in elite paralympic athletes" 1851:. Because they largely upset themselves with their beliefs, emotions and behaviors, they can be helped to, in a 3968: 3442: 2144: 669: 497: 93: 57: 2539:"Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), Irrational and Rational Beliefs, and the Mental Health of Athletes" 2344:"Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), Irrational and Rational Beliefs, and the Mental Health of Athletes" 3563: 3432: 3155: 2669:

Overcoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings, and Behaviors: New Directions for Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

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Ellis, Albert (1995). "Changing rational-emotive therapy (RET) to rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)".

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self-constructive philosophy of themselves, others and the world, people often are more likely to behave and

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The clinical research on REBT has been criticized both from within and by others. For instance, originator

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Colin Feltham (ed) (1997). Which Psychotherapy?: Leading Exponents Explain Their Differences. SAGE, 1997

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has been inherent in REBT as an approach, and these ways of thinking are an inextricable part of REBT's

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REBT sees disturbances as caused by characteristics of a person, rather than a particular past event;

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Demands: The tendency to demand success, fair treatment, and respect (e.g., I must be treated fairly).

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manner, dispute and question these and develop a more workable, more self-helping set of constructs.

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foundation for what he was calling rational therapy (RT) and carefully responded to questions from

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Counseling and Psychotherapy With Religious Persons: A Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Approach

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The Philosophy of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy: Stoicism as Rational and Cognitive Psychotherapy

1757: 689: 587: 358: 323: 308: 303: 293: 242: 202: 46: 936:: "Men are disturbed not by things, but by the views which they take of them." Ellis noted that 852:

noted, "No individual—not even Freud himself—has had a greater impact on modern psychotherapy."

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REBT clearly acknowledges that people, in addition to disturbing themselves, also are innately

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with more rational and self-helping ones. By using different cognitive, emotive and behavioral

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and feelings about self-worth are largely definitional and are not empirically confirmable or

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disturbance and change. The following letters represent the following meanings in this model:

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and work forcefully and actively at changing them to more functional and self-helping ones.

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International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health

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and abreactive psychotherapies in addition to on several occasions questioning some of the

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Through the therapeutic process, REBT employs a wide array of forceful and active, meaning

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problems and disturbances and to help people to lead happier and more fulfilling lives.

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336613187_iPBI_Scoring_Sheet_-_28_and_20_items

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Dryden W., & Neenan M. (2003). Essential Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy. Wiley.

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and rigid "shoulds", "musts", and "oughts", they tend to disturb and upset themselves.

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David, Daniel; Cotet, Carmen; Matu, Silviu; Mogoase, Cristina; Stefan, Simona (2018).

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The Albert Ellis reader: A guide to well-being using rational emotive behavior therapy

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Humans, unlike just about all the other animals on earth, create fairly sophisticated

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first teaches that when people in an insensible and devout way overuse absolutistic,

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In addition, REBT is used with non-clinical problems and problems of living through

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when explaining the role of irrational beliefs in self-defeating tendencies, citing

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Ellis, A. (2001). Feeling better, getting better, staying better. Impact Publishers

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Holding this belief when faced with adversity tends to contribute to feelings of

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ctivating event) that cause disturbed and dysfunctional emotional and behavioral

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Ellis A., Abrams M. & Abrams L. (2008). Theories of Personality. Sage Press

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In REBT, clients usually learn and begin to apply this premise by learning the

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Ellis has himself in very direct terms criticized opposing approaches such as

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Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy in a Nutshell (Counselling in a Nutshell)

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in mental functioning and dysfunctioning, originator Albert Ellis explains:

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REBT proposes four core irrational ways of thinking that create suffering:

950:, though he only read his work several years after developing his therapy. 865: 839: 827: 824: 627: 318: 2139:(2nd ed.). New York, N.Y.: Springer Publishing Company. p. 112. 1971:

Ellis, A. (2007) All Out! An Autobiography. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

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REBT may be effective in improving sports performance and mental health.

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ctivating event is rigid, absolutistic, fictional and dysfunctional, the

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and activities, the client, together with help from the therapist and in

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Other insights of REBT (some referring to the ABCDEF model above) are:

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Fundamentals of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy: A Training Manual

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Holding this belief when faced with adversity tends to contribute to

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Rational emotive behavior therapy was created and developed by the

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Wood, A. G.; Barker, J. B.; Turner, M. J.; Sheffield, D. (2018).

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Ellis, Albert. 1957. Journal of Individual Psychology 13: 38-44.

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Ellis, Albert (1962) Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy. p. 54

1715: 1021: 942: 911: 1037:, who is often cited as utilizing similar ideas in antiquity. 993:

by the means of their irrational and self-defeating thinking,

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Epstein, R. (2001). "The Prince of Reason". Psychology Today.

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Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy; Theoretical Developments

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Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

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Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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The Practice of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (2nd ed.)

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and sanctifying REBT as a supposedly perfect psychological

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striving to live a more self-fulfilling and happier life.

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onsequence is likely to be self-helping and constructive.

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Stevan Lars Nielsen, W. Brad Johnson & Albert Ellis,

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Ask Dr. Ellis Achieve (1996–2001). Albert Ellis Institute

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In general REBT is arguably one of the most investigated

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Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback

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Windy Dryden, Raymond Di Giuseppe & Michael Neenan,

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Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

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and others about the similarities and differences with

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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy: A Therapist's Guide

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REBT and CBT in general have a substantial and strong

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Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy

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s, irrational beliefs that are most important in the

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Community reinforcement approach and family training

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as a significant modern influence on this thinking.

1284: 1215:isputing and questioning the evidence for them. At 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3923:Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies 2863:Association for Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy 2808:A Practitioner's Guide to Rational-Emotive Therapy 2711:(This was his final work, published posthumously). 2117: 2137:The practice of rational emotive behavior therapy 2085:Clinical applications of rational-emotive therapy 2026: 2024: 2022: 2014:Rational Psychotherapy and Individual Psychology. 1497:REBT differs from other clinical approaches like 1358: 3955: 3913:Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy 2868:UK Centre for Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy 1396:of the importance of an unwanted situation to a 1093:isputations to challenge beliefs about adversity 1033:attributed as far back as the Stoic philosopher 3928:Association for Behavior Analysis International 872:. This was around a decade before psychiatrist 830:, who was inspired by many of the teachings of 2701:Theories of Personality: Critical Perspectives 2683:Feeling better, getting better, staying better 2083:Ellis, Albert; Bernard, Michael Edwin (1985). 2019: 1740:Cognitive behavioral therapy § Criticisms 1662: 3107: 2908: 2822:A Primer on Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy 2134: 1389:behaviors. For example, awfulizing is partly 751: 2657:(3rd rev ed.); Wilshire Book Company, 1997. 2402: 2400: 2398: 2082: 2030: 1246: 1906: 1904: 1733: 842:and modern philosophers. REBT is a form of 3114: 3100: 2915: 2901: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2261: 2259: 2257: 953: 758: 744: 2564: 2554: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2432: 2395: 2369: 2359: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2115: 1620:think about thinking about their thinking 1442:Regarding cognitive-affective-behavioral 1437: 1423: 1239:eelings and behaviors appropriate to the 1111:The A-B-C model states that it is not an 965:construct emotional difficulties such as 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 1901: 1061: 1029:in more life-serving and adaptive ways. 960:Cognitive therapy § Cognitive model 884:in 1959, then the current term in 1992. 2732:Albert Ellis & Catharine MacLaren, 2449: 2254: 1835:As would be expected, REBT argues that 14: 3956: 3933:European Association for Psychotherapy 2536: 2463: 2341: 2209: 2184: 2170: 1744:Psychotherapy § General critiques 1455:and seems to work in a kind of closed 1383: 973:, clinical anger, hurt, guilt, shame, 3095: 2896: 2289: 2087:. New York: Plenum Press. p. 9. 2060:"Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders" 2057: 1910: 1858:REBT generally teaches and promotes: 1259: 1243:they are addressing in the exercise. 2736:(2nd ed.); Impact Publishers, 2005. 1352:, addictive behaviors and inaction. 1040: 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 3218:Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy 3051:Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy 2587:The Myth of Self-Esteem, 2005, p258 2120:Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy 69:"Rational emotive behavior therapy" 24: 3938:Society for Psychotherapy Research 3166:Transference focused psychotherapy 2614: 1830: 1694:in business and work-settings and 1131:onsequences, but also what people 25: 3980: 3223:Rational emotive behavior therapy 3196:Functional analytic psychotherapy 3191:Acceptance and commitment therapy 3121: 3061:Rational emotive behavior therapy 3026:Functional analytic psychotherapy 2940:Acceptance and commitment therapy 2851: 2824:(2nd ed.); Research Press, 2002. 2810:; Oxford University Press, 1992. 2626:Rational emotive behavior therapy 1519: 1135:, irrationally believe about the 797:, the aim of which is to resolve 771:Rational emotive behavior therapy 135:Rational emotive behavior therapy 2999:Exposure and response prevention 2703:, New York: Sage Press, 7/2008 1285:Core beliefs that disturb humans 725: 181: 34: 3943:World Council for Psychotherapy 2782:; John Wiley & Sons, 2002. 2599: 2590: 2581: 2530: 2483: 2386: 2335: 2322: 2305: 2277: 2268: 2229: 2161: 2128: 2109: 2076: 2058:Boone, Stephanie (2017-03-03). 2051: 2007: 1575: 1505: 1199:, the emotional and behavioral 1191:, the emotional and behavioral 981:, and behavior tendencies like 940:expressed a similar thought in 918:, and early Asian philosophers 45:needs additional citations for 2699:, PhD, and Lidia Abrams, PhD. 2413:Journal of Clinical Psychology 2001: 1992: 1983: 1974: 1965: 1956: 1947: 1892: 1780:in certain religious systems, 1711:view on the efficacy of REBT. 1515:imperatives are not fulfilled. 1359:Rigid demands that humans make 13: 1: 3156:Mentalization-based treatment 2722:; Springer Publishing, 2007. 1886: 1100:ffective new rational beliefs 985:, compulsiveness, avoidance, 468:Industrial and organizational 3964:Cognitive behavioral therapy 3213:Dialectical behavior therapy 3203:Cognitive behavioral therapy 3021:Dialectical behavior therapy 2924:Cognitive behavioral therapy 2640:Resources in other libraries 844:cognitive behavioral therapy 623:Human factors and ergonomics 7: 3243:Emotionally focused therapy 2994:Direct therapeutic exposure 2796:; Brunner-Routledge, 2003. 2768:; Sage Publications, 2005. 2685:; Impact Publishers, 2001. 1701: 1663:Applications and interfaces 1594:in regards to the client's 1344:, and to behaviors such as 1000:REBT is then applied as an 10: 3985: 3514:Systematic desensitization 3443:Practitioner–scholar model 3186:Clinical behavior analysis 3014:Systematic desensitization 3009:Prolonged exposure therapy 2975:Compassion-focused therapy 2955:Cognitive analytic therapy 2858:The Albert Ellis Institute 2838:; Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001. 2671:; Prometheus Books, 2001. 2655:A Guide to Rational Living 2319:retrieved August 18, 2010. 1737: 957: 811: 785:, is an active-directive, 3905: 3629: 3587: 3524: 3458: 3451: 3410: 3369: 3337: 3276: 3233: 3174: 3136: 3129: 2935: 2752:Getting Started with REBT 2635:Resources in your library 2354:. Frontiers Media: 1423. 1369:low frustration tolerance 1247:Psychological dysfunction 398:Applied behavior analysis 153: 139: 134: 3525:Other individual therapy 2556:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01423 2361:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01423 1774:transpersonal psychology 1734:Limitations and critique 1645:may for example include 882:Rational Emotive Therapy 783:rational emotive therapy 18:Rational emotive therapy 3547:Cognitive restructuring 3268:Person-centered therapy 3036:Inference-based therapy 3031:Habit reversal training 2883:Wife of Dr Albert Ellis 2606:The Myth of Self-Esteem 2543:Frontiers in Psychology 2348:Frontiers in Psychology 2342:Turner, Martin (2016). 1758:cognitive restructuring 954:Theoretical assumptions 588:Behavioral neuroscience 243:Behavioral neuroscience 3478:Contingency management 3357:Transtheoretical model 3347:Eclectic psychotherapy 3324:Transactional analysis 2980:Contingency management 2537:Turner, M. J. (2016). 2135:Ellis, Albert (1997). 2124:. New York, L. Stuart. 1828: 1624: 1573: 1549: 1541: 1517: 1476: 1438:Origins of dysfunction 1435: 1424:Secondary disturbances 1079:eliefs about adversity 1066: 638:Psychology of religion 578:Behavioral engineering 262:Cognitive neuroscience 228:Affective neuroscience 3969:Psychotherapy by type 3428:Common factors theory 3392:Residential treatment 3041:Metacognitive therapy 2950:Behavioral activation 2888:REBT Information site 2806:Windy Dryden et al., 2330:The Road to Tolerance 2241:www.getselfhelp.co.uk 2031:Robertson, D (2010). 1818: 1612: 1550: 1542: 1526: 1512: 1448: 1430: 1322:, and worthlessness. 1254:cognitive distortions 1065: 876:first set forth his " 870:individual psychology 777:), previously called 732:Psychology portal 3857:Lorna Smith Benjamin 3692:Harry Stack Sullivan 3617:Sensitivity training 3418:Clinical formulation 3081:Self-control therapy 2317:Google Books preview 2237:"Quotes for Therapy" 54:improve this article 3589:Group psychotherapy 3500:Counterconditioning 3377:Brief psychotherapy 3248:Existential therapy 2754:; Routledge, 2005. 2746:Windy Dryden & 2714:Albert Ellis & 2283:REBT; Ellis, 1957, 1723:and psychotherapy. 1384:Over-generalization 948:Paul Charles Dubois 908:Panaetius of Rhodes 583:Behavioral genetics 498:Occupational health 238:Behavioral genetics 169:Part of a series on 3717:Milton H. Erickson 3552:Emotion regulation 3532:Autogenic training 3423:Clinical pluralism 3352:Multimodal therapy 3151:Analytical therapy 3071:Relapse prevention 3056:Multimodal therapy 2425:10.1002/jclp.22514 2116:Ellis, A. (1962). 2037:. London: Karnac. 1925:10.1007/BF02354453 1461:feedback mechanism 1260:Irrational beliefs 1067: 700:Schools of thought 538:Sport and exercise 384:Applied psychology 3951: 3950: 3877:William R. Miller 3862:Marsha M. Linehan 3832:Jean Baker Miller 3792:Salvador Minuchin 3672:Ludwig Binswanger 3625: 3624: 3460:Behaviour therapy 3387:Online counseling 3365: 3364: 3304:Narrative therapy 3208:Cognitive therapy 3089: 3088: 2965:Cognitive therapy 2830:978-0-87822-478-4 2774:978-1-4129-0770-5 2760:978-1-58391-939-2 2742:978-1-886230-61-3 2728:978-0-8261-2216-2 2709:978-1-4129-1422-2 2695:Albert Ellis and 2621:Library resources 2508:10.1111/sms.12926 2044:978-1-85575-756-1 1688:stress management 1488:general semantics 1356: 1355: 1041:A-B-C-D-E-F Model 878:cognitive therapy 857:psychotherapeutic 768: 767: 665:Counseling topics 608:Consumer behavior 349:Psycholinguistics 233:Affective science 164: 163: 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 3976: 3867:Vittorio Guidano 3837:Otto F. Kernberg 3707:Donald Winnicott 3564:Free association 3509:Exposure therapy 3488:Stimulus control 3468:Aversion therapy 3456: 3455: 3319:Systemic therapy 3294:Feminist therapy 3146:Adlerian therapy 3134: 3133: 3116: 3109: 3102: 3093: 3092: 3046:Method of levels 2989:Exposure therapy 2945:Behavior therapy 2917: 2910: 2903: 2894: 2893: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2594: 2588: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2568: 2558: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2487: 2481: 2478: 2461: 2458: 2447: 2446: 2436: 2404: 2393: 2390: 2384: 2383: 2373: 2363: 2339: 2333: 2326: 2320: 2309: 2303: 2300: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2272: 2266: 2263: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2233: 2227: 2224:Prometheus Books 2220: 2207: 2203: 2182: 2179: 2168: 2165: 2159: 2158: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2123: 2113: 2107: 2106: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2070: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2028: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1996: 1990: 1987: 1981: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1908: 1899: 1896: 1826: 1492:Alfred Korzybski 1332:and discomfort, 1292: 1291: 1179:elief about the 1016:One of the main 849:Psychology Today 779:rational therapy 760: 753: 746: 730: 729: 728: 695:Research methods 354:Psychophysiology 214:Basic psychology 185: 166: 165: 157:edit on Wikidata 149: 132: 131: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3973: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3901: 3882:Steven C. 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Rational emotive behavior therapy

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