690:, loss of self-confidence, annoyance, aggression, and sometimes violence are likely to follow. Needs can be blocked two different ways; internally and externally. Internal blocking happens within an individual's mind, either through lack of ability, confidence, conflicting goals and desires, and/or fears. External blocking happens to an individual outside their control such as physical roadblocks, difficult tasks, or perceived waste of time, especially when those roadblocks or challenges were unexpected, or if the individual expected the goal to be easy to accomplish. Frustration is usually less when an individual expected, or knew beforehand, that the goal would be "challenging."
29:
2055:
62:
2049:
57:
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produce action directed at solving the inherent problem in a disposition that does not cause social or physical harm. In negative cases, however, the individual may perceive the source of frustration to be outside their control, and thus the frustration will continue to build, leading eventually to further problematic behavior (e.g. violent reaction against perceived oppressors or enemies).
677:, or violence, although frustration may also propel positive processes via enhanced effort and strive. This broad range of potential outcomes makes it difficult to identify the original cause(s) of frustration, as the responses may be indirect. However, a more direct and common response is a propensity towards aggression.
712:, severe punishment may cause individuals to continue non-adaptive behavior blindly: "Either it may have an effect opposite to that of reward and as such, discourage the repetition of the act, or, by functioning as a frustrating agent, it may lead to fixation and the other symptoms of frustration as well. It follows that
704:
Frustration can be classed as a mental health problem–response behavior and can have a number of effects, depending on the mental health of the individual. In positive cases, this frustration will build until a level that is too great for the individual to contain or allow to continue, and thus
728:
is related to trait anger and a higher level of frustration tolerance is related to lower levels of anger and longer persistence on difficult tasks. For example, a child with a high frustration tolerance may be able to deal with repeated challenges and failures without experiencing significant
685:
Frustration originates from feelings of uncertainty and insecurity which stems from a sense of inability to fulfill needs. If the needs of an individual are blocked, uneasiness and frustration are more likely to occur. When these needs are constantly ignored or unsatisfied, anger,
626:
or goal and is likely to increase when a will or goal is denied or blocked. There are two types of frustration: internal and external. Internal frustration may arise from challenges in fulfilling
2536:
708:
Stubborn refusal to respond to new conditions affecting the goal, such as removal or modification of the barrier, sometimes occurs. As pointed out by
729:
frustration. The child with a low frustration tolerance can be quick to experience frustration when asked to perform tasks of moderate difficulty.
657:, such as when one has competing goals that interfere with one another, can also be an internal source of frustration or annoyance and can create
709:
1031:
1316:
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589:
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839:
753:
2637:
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1185:
Szasz, P.L.; Szentagotai, A.; Hofmann, S. (30 November 2010). "The Effect of
Emotion Regulation Strategies on Anger".
995:
A.H., Buss (1966). "Instrumentality of aggression, feedback, and frustration as determinants of physical aggression".
2494:
2296:
1055:"Anger, frustration, and helplessness after service failure: coping strategies and effective informational support"
103:
2368:
670:
2254:
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2584:
2229:
965:
582:
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1336:
724:
Frustration tolerance is one's ability to resist becoming frustrated when facing difficult tasks. Having a
20:
1274:
Calkins, Susan D.; Dedmon, Susan E.; Gill, Kathryn L.; Lomax, Laura E.; Johnson, Laura M. (1 April 2002).
2484:
661:. External causes of frustration involve conditions outside an individual's control, such as a physical
2632:
2514:
1276:"Frustration in Infancy: Implications for Emotion Regulation, Physiological Processes, and Temperament"
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725:
98:
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is a dangerous tool, since it often has effects which are entirely the opposite of those desired".
575:
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1329:
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1356:
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Berkowitz, Leonard (1989). "Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation".
627:
550:
87:
77:
2519:
2164:
1969:
1398:
515:
775:"When frustration is repeated: Behavioral and emotion responses during extinction over time"
773:
Crossman, Angela M.; Sullivan, Margaret Wolan; Hitchcock, Daniel M.; Lewis, Michael (2009).
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665:, a difficult task, or the perception of wasting time. There are multiple ways individuals
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622:. Frustration arises from the perceived resistance to the fulfillment of an individual's
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2011:
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807:
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82:
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1989:
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2541:
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2144:
2031:
1650:
1275:
693:
Some people are predisposed towards feelings of frustration, indexed in terms of
350:
19:
This article is about the emotional response of frustration. For other uses, see
642:
2566:
2499:
2318:
1999:
1959:
1885:
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1139:
872:
856:
748:
619:
460:
255:
1291:
1239:
Liden, C. (February 2011). "9 Traits You Should Know About Your
Temperament".
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175:
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857:"Learned helplessness in humans: A frustration-produced response pattern"
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834:. New York: Vintage Books, a division of Random House Inc. p. 80.
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360:
245:
185:
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Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems
1220:
L.D., Trexler (1976). "Frustration is a fact, not a feeling".
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923:. In Zeigler-Hill, V.; Shackelford, T.K. (eds.).
2619:
1932:
1807:
1337:
583:
2111:
1950:
1941:
1708:
997:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
861:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2610:indicate emotion names in foreign languages
1674:
1059:Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
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1173:. Baltimore, MD: Penguin. pp. 253–54.
887:
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32:A frustrated man sitting in a traffic jam
1162:
1052:
719:
27:
966:"The frustration–aggression hypothesis"
919:Jeronimus; et al. (January 2018).
16:Common emotional response to opposition
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963:
1325:
1238:
1168:
641:and needs, or dealing with perceived
1219:
994:
927:. New York: Springer. pp. 1–8.
854:
1351:
610:response to opposition, related to
13:
14:
2659:
1310:
1171:The Social Psychology of Industry
1034:. psychologistanywhereanytime.com
754:Frustration–aggression hypothesis
2053:
2047:
1053:Gelbrich, Katja (October 2010).
1029:
60:
55:
1267:
1232:
1213:
1178:
1119:
1093:
933:10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_815-1
830:De Botton, Alain (April 2011).
1241:Behaviour Research and Therapy
1187:Behaviour Research and Therapy
1046:
1023:
988:
957:
848:
832:The Consolations of Philosophy
766:
1:
1101:"How to Overcome Frustration"
899:Psychologist Anywhere Anytime
759:
2562:Social emotional development
21:Frustration (disambiguation)
7:
2638:Interpersonal relationships
1808:
732:
671:passive–aggressive behavior
10:
2664:
1253:10.1016/j.brat.2010.11.011
1199:10.1016/j.brat.2010.11.011
1140:10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59
873:10.1037/0022-3514.42.4.738
18:
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2124:
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1364:
1292:10.1207/S15327078IN0302_4
1071:10.1007/s11747-009-0169-6
726:low frustration tolerance
680:
669:with frustration such as
2495:in virtual communication
964:Miller, NE (July 1941),
855:Boyd, Thomas L. (1982).
2112:
1951:
1942:
1933:
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1128:Psychological Bulletin
653:of social situations.
88:Emotional intelligence
33:
720:Frustration tolerance
31:
2643:Personal development
2532:Group affective tone
970:Psychological Review
659:cognitive dissonance
645:, such as a lack of
291:Emotional Detachment
2585:constructed emotion
2255:functional accounts
1169:Brown, JAC (1954).
2485:in decision-making
1726:(sense of purpose)
1107:. 24 November 2011
697:in childhood, and
639:instinctual drives
34:
2633:Human development
2615:
2614:
2202:Appeal to emotion
1980:Social connection
942:978-3-319-28099-8
841:978-0-679-77917-9
600:
599:
526:Social connection
2655:
2590:discrete emotion
2490:in the workplace
2386:Empathy quotient
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2658:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2601:
2542:Jealousy in art
2285:in conversation
2207:Amygdala hijack
2120:
2058:
2052:
2043:
2032:sense of wonder
1360:
1350:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1272:
1268:
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1222:Rational Living
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602:In psychology,
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2567:Stoic passions
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2413:lateralization
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2024:
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2014:
2009:
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2003:
2002:
1992:
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1982:
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1960:Sentimentality
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1796:at first sight
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1583:
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1541:
1536:
1534:Disappointment
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1312:
1311:External links
1309:
1306:
1305:
1286:(2): 175–197.
1266:
1247:(2): 114–119.
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1212:
1193:(2): 114–119.
1177:
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1118:
1092:
1065:(5): 567–585.
1045:
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1003:(2): 153–162.
987:
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867:(4): 738–752.
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749:Disappointment
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701:in adulthood.
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620:disappointment
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2349:dysregulation
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2297:interpersonal
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2283:
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2278:
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2256:
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2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:in psychology
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:consciousness
2133:
2132:
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2127:
2123:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2108:
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2100:
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2025:
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
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2005:
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1998:
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1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:Schadenfreude
1940:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1924:
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1909:
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1812:
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1810:Mono no aware
1806:
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1679:
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1673:
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1668:
1664:
1663:
1662:Joie de vivre
1659:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:Gratification
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
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1584:
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1579:
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1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:Embarrassment
1557:
1555:
1552:
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1547:
1545:
1542:
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1532:
1530:
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1487:
1485:
1482:
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1477:
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1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:Belongingness
1462:
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1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1106:
1105:Erupting Mind
1102:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1033:
1032:"Frustration"
1026:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
983:
979:
976:(4): 337–42,
975:
971:
967:
960:
952:
948:
944:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
921:"Frustration"
915:
900:
896:
895:"Frustration"
890:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
851:
843:
837:
833:
826:
818:
814:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
785:(1): 92–100.
784:
780:
776:
769:
765:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
730:
727:
717:
715:
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691:
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664:
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579:
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537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
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519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
501:Schadenfreude
499:
497:
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489:
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364:
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357:
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349:
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344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
331:Gratification
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
286:Embarrassment
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
251:Determination
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
201:Belongingness
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
124:
123:
117:
114:
110:
109:Dysregulation
107:
105:
104:Interpersonal
102:
101:
100:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
68:
67:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
47:
46:
42:
38:
37:
30:
26:
22:
2607:
2547:Meta-emotion
2460:Emotionality
2433:responsivity
2381:and bullying
2376:intelligence
2186:Affectivity
2170:neuroscience
2140:in education
1723:
1684:Homesickness
1660:
1625:
1586:Enthrallment
1571:Emotion work
1434:Anticipation
1283:
1279:
1269:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1170:
1164:
1134:(1): 59–73.
1131:
1127:
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1104:
1095:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1036:. Retrieved
1025:
1000:
996:
990:
973:
969:
959:
924:
914:
902:. Retrieved
898:
889:
864:
860:
850:
831:
825:
782:
778:
768:
723:
710:J.A.C. Brown
707:
703:
692:
684:
643:deficiencies
606:is a common
603:
601:
325:
176:Anticipation
25:
2475:and culture
2280:recognition
2265:homeostatic
2165:forecasting
2114:Weltschmerz
2087:Misanthropy
1864:grandiosity
1746:Inspiration
1736:Infatuation
1704:Humiliation
1626:Frustration
1499:Contentment
1317:Frustration
1228:(2): 19–22.
1111:29 November
1030:Cull, Ian.
904:28 November
699:neuroticism
695:temperament
604:frustration
381:Humiliation
326:Frustration
226:Contentment
2622:Categories
2552:Pathognomy
2453:well-being
2369:and gender
2364:expression
2359:exhaustion
2344:detachment
2329:competence
2310:Emotional
2292:regulation
2275:perception
2270:in animals
2220:and memory
2156:Affective
2064:Worldviews
1926:melancholy
1911:Resentment
1781:Loneliness
1756:Irritation
1741:Insecurity
1731:Indulgence
1606:Excitement
1591:Enthusiasm
1524:Depression
1484:Confidence
1479:Compassion
1454:Attraction
1379:Admiration
1374:Acceptance
760:References
744:Depression
739:Aggression
714:punishment
688:depression
647:confidence
486:Resentment
411:Loneliness
301:Enthusiasm
241:Depression
211:Confidence
141:Admiration
136:Acceptance
83:In animals
2580:appraisal
2520:sociology
2471:Emotions
2443:symbiosis
2428:reasoning
2398:isolation
2339:contagion
2324:blackmail
2250:expressed
2245:evolution
2235:and sleep
2225:and music
2160:computing
2107:Reclusion
2102:Pessimism
2077:Defeatism
2007:Suffering
1953:Sehnsucht
1896:Rejection
1847:self-pity
1822:Nostalgia
1791:limerence
1761:Isolation
1699:Hostility
1656:Happiness
1636:Gratitude
1581:Emptiness
1564:vicarious
1514:Curiosity
1489:Confusion
1429:Annoyance
1409:Amusement
1399:Agitation
1394:Affection
1389:Aesthetic
1384:Adoration
1087:145631835
1079:0092-0703
951:241919639
881:0022-3514
799:1931-1516
663:roadblock
616:annoyance
608:emotional
546:Suspicion
536:Suffering
506:Self-pity
471:Rejection
426:Nostalgia
406:Limerence
376:Hostility
356:Happiness
336:Gratitude
281:Elevation
236:Curiosity
216:Confusion
171:Annoyance
151:Amusement
146:Affection
2628:Emotions
2438:security
2418:literacy
2403:lability
2393:intimacy
2334:conflict
2314:aperture
2211:Emotion
2195:negative
2190:positive
2180:spectrum
2145:measures
2097:Optimism
2092:Nihilism
2082:Fatalism
2072:Cynicism
2017:Sympathy
2012:Surprise
1854:Pleasure
1776:Kindness
1766:Jealousy
1751:Interest
1718:Hysteria
1601:Euphoria
1544:Distrust
1494:Contempt
1474:Calmness
1366:Emotions
1353:Emotions
1300:33451201
1261:21185551
1207:21185551
1156:14314447
817:19186920
733:See also
655:Conflict
628:personal
541:Surprise
451:Pleasure
401:Kindness
391:Jealousy
386:Interest
311:Euphoria
266:Distrust
221:Contempt
128:Emotions
49:Emotions
41:a series
39:Part of
2608:Italics
2571:Theory
2527:Feeling
2480:history
2465:bounded
2423:prosody
2230:and sex
2215:and art
2175:science
2131:Affect
2125:Related
2000:chronic
1975:Shyness
1935:Saudade
1921:Sadness
1916:Revenge
1906:Remorse
1837:Passion
1827:Outrage
1817:Neglect
1677:Hiraeth
1576:Empathy
1554:Ecstasy
1539:Disgust
1509:Cruelty
1504:Courage
1469:Boredom
1449:Arousal
1439:Anxiety
1424:Anguish
1280:Infancy
1148:2667009
1017:5903523
808:2719881
779:Emotion
635:desires
521:Shyness
496:Saudade
491:Sadness
481:Remorse
441:Passion
431:Outrage
296:Empathy
276:Ecstasy
261:Disgust
231:Courage
206:Boredom
191:Arousal
181:Anxiety
166:Anguish
116:Valence
2575:affect
2557:Pathos
2510:social
2354:eating
2027:Wonder
1995:Stress
1985:Sorrow
1901:Relief
1891:Regret
1879:vanity
1874:insult
1869:hubris
1724:Ikigai
1694:Horror
1670:Hatred
1529:Desire
1519:Defeat
1444:Apathy
1298:
1259:
1205:
1154:
1146:
1085:
1077:
1038:25 May
1015:
949:
939:
879:
838:
815:
805:
797:
681:Causes
556:Wonder
531:Sorrow
476:Relief
466:Regret
371:Horror
361:Hatred
246:Desire
186:Apathy
73:Affect
2500:moral
2408:labor
2260:group
2039:Worry
2022:Trust
1990:Spite
1970:Shock
1965:Shame
1859:Pride
1832:Panic
1711:Hygge
1651:Guilt
1646:Grief
1641:Greed
1611:Faith
1549:Doubt
1419:Angst
1414:Anger
1404:Agony
1152:S2CID
1083:S2CID
947:S2CID
675:anger
631:goals
612:anger
561:Worry
551:Trust
516:Shock
511:Shame
456:Pride
436:Panic
351:Guilt
346:Grief
341:Greed
316:Faith
271:Doubt
161:Angst
156:Anger
2319:bias
2304:work
1886:Rage
1842:Pity
1803:Lust
1786:Love
1689:Hope
1621:Flow
1616:Fear
1596:Envy
1357:list
1296:PMID
1257:PMID
1203:PMID
1144:PMID
1113:2016
1075:ISSN
1040:2019
1013:PMID
937:ISBN
906:2016
877:ISSN
836:ISBN
813:PMID
795:ISSN
667:cope
651:fear
624:will
618:and
461:Rage
446:Pity
421:Lust
416:Love
366:Hope
321:Fear
306:Envy
93:Mood
1771:Joy
1459:Awe
1288:doi
1249:doi
1195:doi
1136:doi
1132:106
1067:doi
1005:doi
978:doi
929:doi
869:doi
803:PMC
787:doi
649:or
396:Joy
196:Awe
2624::
1294:.
1282:.
1278:.
1255:.
1245:49
1243:.
1226:11
1224:.
1201:.
1191:49
1189:.
1150:.
1142:.
1130:.
1103:.
1081:.
1073:.
1063:38
1061:.
1057:.
1011:.
999:.
974:48
972:,
968:,
945:.
935:.
897:.
875:.
865:42
863:.
859:.
811:.
801:.
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781:.
777:.
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1042:.
1019:.
1007::
1001:3
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980::
953:.
931::
908:.
883:.
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844:.
819:.
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23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
