338:
312:
347:
321:
609:
When force did not work, Abdali used wit to get control of
Kashmir. He attempted to destroy the good relations between Sukh Jiwan and Bandey by putting a wedge against them. Taking advantage of this situation, Abdali sent an army led by Nur-ud-Din Khan Bamzai to Kashmir. A major portion of Raja Sukh
592:
occurred during the reign of Sukh Jiwan Mal, marked by a flowering of literacy activity attached to patronage." Sukh Jiwan held weekly symposiums to which he invited all the poets. He also employed poets to produce history of
Kashmir in the style of
547:
wanted to get rid of the cruel Afghan rulers. Bandey convinced Sukh Jiwan to kill Kabuli and become independent. Subsequently, Kabuli was assassinated and Sukh Jiwan became the independent ruler after formally getting the title of
576:
were paraded in the streets with
Kashmiri crowds spitting at them. The locals of Kashmir were at large happy with the smooth and efficient administration but the happiness did not last very long. A destructive
523:
would line up all
Kashmiris whom he considered rich and would ask them to either part with their wealth or to face death. The Afghan army would often raid and loot common Kashmiri houses.
391:
544:
67:
414:
519:
rulers was in a bad state. Locals were tortured and killed during the reign of
Afghans. The very first Afghan chief Abdullah Khan Isk Aquasi appointed by
585:. These natural calamities forced the locals to desperately eat dead locusts. Sukh Jiwan distributed 80 lakh kg rice for free among the poor people.
475:
from 1754 to 1762. He rose from the rank of soldier to governor and then finally became a ruler. He was the last independent monarch of
Kashmir.
610:
Jiwan's army including his commander-in-chief Bakth Mal betrayed him. Eventually, he was captured, blinded and sent to Abdali in
754:
727:
700:
647:
399:
690:
820:
563:
350:
324:
717:
572:
sent Khwaja Kijak and
Abdullah Khan Isk Aquasi to Kashmir. They were both defeated. In another occasion, Afghan
664:
588:
According to
Schwartz, "Kashmir's only respite from economic and political pressures during the Afghan and
472:
27:
788:
637:
810:
771:
830:
815:
461:
428:
422:
382:
597:. Under the advice of Mahanand Dhar, Sukh Jiwan in order to facilitate his work imported many
568:
As the ruler of
Kashmir, Sukh Jiwan appointed Bandey as his prime minister. As a retaliation,
825:
535:
leaving
Kashmir under the charge of Abdullah Khan Kabuli. Kabuli appointed Sukh Jiwan as his
589:
8:
569:
520:
104:
750:
723:
696:
643:
540:
512:
452:
257:
744:
573:
287:
594:
341:
315:
251:
229:
223:
139:
83:
62:
804:
639:
History of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls
233:
364:
337:
311:
291:
269:
536:
531:
After the loot and plunder, Abdullah Khan Isk Aquasi returned to
516:
368:
360:
283:
666:
History of the Muslims of Indo-Pakistan Sub-continent, 1707-1806
611:
598:
582:
578:
496:
488:
346:
320:
247:
532:
492:
484:
279:
219:
692:
My Frozen Turbulence in Kashmir (12th Edition_Reprint 2019)
550:
445:
790:
Studies in Later Mughal History of the Panjab, 1707-1793
614:
where he was killed by throwing him under an elephant.
466:
802:
773:Lest We Forget: A History of Sikhs of Kashmir
746:Remapping Persian Literary History, 1700-1900
743:Schwartz, Schwartz Kevin L. (18 March 2020).
742:
688:
803:
662:
491:family, with origins from the city of
786:
719:War With No Gains (Prabhat Prakashan)
715:
635:
769:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
631:
629:
627:
456:
13:
14:
842:
673:
624:
74:Pandit Mahanand Dhar (1758–1762)
636:Gupta, Hari Ram (October 2001).
345:
336:
319:
310:
716:Nanda, K. K. (1 January 2013).
669:. Research Society of Pakistan.
601:Hindus from Punjab to Kashmir.
780:
763:
749:. Edinburgh University Press.
736:
709:
656:
564:Kingdom of Kashmir (1754–1762)
1:
770:Suri, Inderjit Singh (2006).
689:Jagmohan (15 November 2019).
617:
581:occurred in 1755 followed by
507:
478:
212:
134:Nur-ud-Din Khan Bamzai (1762)
7:
483:Sukh Jivan Mal was born in
467:
72:Mir Muqim Kanth (1757–1758)
10:
847:
561:
502:
415:Battle of Chera Har (1762)
140:Deputy Governor of Kashmir
821:People of Punjabi descent
604:
439:
374:
356:
330:
306:
301:
297:
275:
265:
241:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
182:
172:
164:
156:
145:
138:
128:
118:
110:
100:
96:1753 – June 1754
89:
82:
78:
61:
51:
41:
33:
26:
21:
787:Gupta, Hari Ram (1944).
642:. Munshiram Manoharlal.
557:
539:. A local leader of the
411:Battle of Sialkot (1758)
392:Battle of Shopian (1752)
388:Siege of Srinagar (1748)
37:June 1754 – October 1762
526:
429:Third Battle of Panipat
408:Battle of Poonch (1754)
663:Rashid, Abdur (1978).
722:. Prabhat Prakashan.
695:. Allied Publishers.
793:. Minerva book shop.
178:Abdullah Khan Kabuli
168:Abdullah Khan Kabuli
124:Abdullah Khan Kabuli
46:Position established
485:Kabul (Afghanistan)
405:Baramulla Offensive
84:Governor of Kashmir
545:Abu'l Hasan Bandey
423:Afghan–Maratha War
400:Afghan–Kashmir War
325:Kingdom of Kashmir
160:Ahmad Shah Durrani
105:Ahmad Shah Durrani
68:Abu'l Hasan Bandey
56:Position abolished
776:. Inderjit Singh.
756:978-1-4744-5087-4
729:978-81-8430-241-7
702:978-93-85926-56-3
649:978-81-215-0165-1
570:Ahmad Shah Abdali
521:Ahmad Shah Abdali
465:
443:
442:
383:Afghan–Mughal War
188:Khwaja Kijak Khan
114:Khwaja Kijak Khan
70:(1754–1757, 1758)
838:
811:Kings of Kashmir
795:
794:
784:
778:
777:
767:
761:
760:
740:
734:
733:
713:
707:
706:
686:
671:
670:
660:
654:
653:
633:
574:prisoners of war
541:Kashmiri Muslims
470:
460:
458:
349:
340:
332:
323:
314:
260:
258:Punjab, Pakistan
236:
217:
214:
185:
175:
150:
131:
121:
94:
19:
18:
846:
845:
841:
840:
839:
837:
836:
835:
831:Hindu dynasties
801:
800:
799:
798:
785:
781:
768:
764:
757:
741:
737:
730:
714:
710:
703:
687:
674:
661:
657:
650:
634:
625:
620:
607:
566:
560:
529:
510:
505:
481:
473:Raja of Kashmir
435:
365:Naib-Sipahsalar
344:
318:
302:Military career
290:
288:Deputy Governor
286:
282:
255:
246:
227:
218:
215:
183:
173:
151:
146:
129:
119:
95:
90:
73:
71:
63:Prime ministers
28:Raja of Kashmir
17:
16:Raja of Kashmir
12:
11:
5:
844:
834:
833:
828:
823:
818:
816:Punjabi Hindus
813:
797:
796:
779:
762:
755:
735:
728:
708:
701:
672:
655:
648:
622:
621:
619:
616:
606:
603:
562:Main article:
559:
556:
528:
525:
509:
506:
504:
501:
480:
477:
468:Sukh Jīwan Mal
449:Sukh Jiwan Mal
441:
440:
437:
436:
434:
433:
432:
431:
419:
418:
417:
412:
409:
406:
396:
395:
394:
389:
378:
376:
372:
371:
358:
354:
353:
334:
328:
327:
316:Durrani Empire
308:
304:
303:
299:
298:
295:
294:
277:
273:
272:
267:
263:
262:
252:Durrani Empire
243:
239:
238:
224:Durrani Empire
210:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
186:
180:
179:
176:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
143:
142:
136:
135:
132:
126:
125:
122:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
87:
86:
80:
79:
76:
75:
65:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
24:
23:
22:Sukh Jiwan Mal
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
843:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
806:
792:
791:
783:
775:
774:
766:
758:
752:
748:
747:
739:
731:
725:
721:
720:
712:
704:
698:
694:
693:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
668:
667:
659:
651:
645:
641:
640:
632:
630:
628:
623:
615:
613:
602:
600:
596:
595:Book of Kings
591:
586:
584:
583:locust attack
580:
575:
571:
565:
555:
553:
552:
546:
542:
538:
537:chief advisor
534:
524:
522:
518:
514:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
476:
474:
469:
463:
454:
450:
447:
438:
430:
427:
426:
425:
424:
420:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
403:
402:
401:
397:
393:
390:
387:
386:
385:
384:
380:
379:
377:
373:
370:
366:
362:
359:
355:
352:
351:Kashmiri Army
348:
343:
339:
335:
329:
326:
322:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
296:
293:
289:
285:
281:
278:
274:
271:
268:
264:
259:
253:
249:
244:
240:
235:
231:
225:
221:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
181:
177:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
149:
144:
141:
137:
133:
127:
123:
117:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
93:
88:
85:
81:
77:
69:
66:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
826:Hindu states
789:
782:
772:
765:
745:
738:
718:
711:
691:
665:
658:
638:
608:
587:
567:
549:
530:
511:
489:Hindu Khatri
482:
448:
444:
421:
398:
381:
375:Battles/wars
342:Durrani Army
256:Present-day
228:Present-day
184:Succeeded by
147:
130:Succeeded by
91:
55:
45:
457:سکھ جیون مل
234:Afghanistan
216: 1720
174:Preceded by
120:Preceded by
42:Predecessor
805:Categories
618:References
508:Background
479:Early life
471:) was the
307:Allegiance
276:Occupation
590:Sikh rule
462:romanized
152:1752–1753
148:In office
92:In office
52:Successor
331:Service/
292:Governor
270:Hinduism
266:Religion
165:Governor
513:Kashmir
503:History
464::
453:Persian
369:Subedar
361:Faujdar
284:Officer
157:Monarch
101:Monarch
753:
726:
699:
646:
612:Lahore
605:Defeat
599:Khatri
579:famine
517:Afghan
515:under
497:Punjab
333:branch
248:Lahore
111:Deputy
558:Reign
533:Kabul
493:Bhera
487:to a
280:Sepoy
230:Kabul
220:Kabul
34:Reign
751:ISBN
724:ISBN
697:ISBN
644:ISBN
551:Raja
527:Rise
446:Raja
357:Rank
245:1762
242:Died
209:Born
499:).
807::
675:^
626:^
554:.
543:,
459:,
455::
367:,
363:,
250:,
232:,
222:,
213:c.
759:.
732:.
705:.
652:.
495:(
451:(
261:)
254:(
237:)
226:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
