Durrani Empire - Knowledge

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had in majority, supported Ahmad Shah's eldest son and Timur Shah's brother, Sulaiman, the governor of Kandahar. Prominent figures in court who supported the Sulaiman faction were Shah Wali Khan, Ahmad Shah's Wazir, and Sardar Jahan Khan. The court had attempted to urge Ahmad Shah to reconsider his decision, coinciding with the fact that the eldest son should ascend to the throne. Ahmad had ignored this, and quoted: "Timur Shah was infinitely more capable of governing you than his brother". As well as accusing Sulaiman of being "Violent without clemency", and out of favour with the Kandahari

1046: 1708: 2030: 1792: 101: 1539: 481: 1274: 1909: 1156:(Zabardast Khan) was selected as army chief of all military forces. Early skirmishes were followed by victory for the Afghans against the much larger Maratha garrisons in Northwest India and by 1759 Ahmad Shah and his army had reached Lahore and were poised to confront the Marathas. Ahmad Shah Durrani was famous for winning wars much larger than his army. By 1760, the Maratha groups had coalesced into a big enough army under the command of Sadashivrao Bhau. Once again, 4716: 2936: 2925: 536: 1197: 1596:. Having not sent word, once Shah Wali had dismounted, Timur Shah ordered the killing of Shah Wali. Angu Khan Bamiza'i assassinated Shah Wali Khan and his two sons, including 2 of his sisters children. Shah Sulayman surrendered the throne to Timur Shah following this, and became a loyal follower of him according to the depiction of Amir Habibullah Khan. Timur Shah ascended the throne in November 1772. 1722:, governor of Kabul, held the field by virtue of being in control of the capital, and became shah at the age of twenty-three. Many of his half-brothers were imprisoned on their arrival in the capital for the purpose, ironically, of electing a new shah. The quarrels among Timur's descendants that threw Afghanistan into turmoil also provided the pretext for the interventions of outside forces. 1113:. He defeated the Rohillas and Afghan garrisons in Punjab and succeeded in ousting Timur Shah and his court from India and brought Lahore, Multan, Kashmir and other subahs on the Indian side of Attock under Maratha rule. Thus, upon his return to Kandahar in 1757, Ahmad was forced to return to India and face the formidable attacks of the Maratha Confederacy. 1988:) of Nader Shah. Many others were also former troops of Nader Shah. The bulk of the army were Afghan irregular tribal cavalry armed with lance and broadsword. Mounted archers were still used but were uncommon due to the difficulty of training them. Infantry played a very small role in the Durrani army and, with the exception of light 1567:

inevitable conflict with his brother. Timur Shah's plans were stalled, however, as a rebellion by Darwish Ali Khan under the Sunni Hazaras, likely instigated by the Sulaiman faction had risen up. Timur Shah had crushed this revolt quickly and Darwish Khan was imprisoned; however, he later escaped. Timur Shah had then lured him into

1563:. Ahmad Shah's decision could have been influenced by his illness, which had affected his brain and his mental state. However, choosing Timur Shah as a successor was likely to restrict power of the Senior Generals and the Durrani Tribal Council, which he deemed as a threat to his dynasty in the future. 1737:

Zaman's downfall was triggered by his attempts to consolidate power. Although it had been through the support of the Barakzai chief, Painda Khan Barakzai, that he had come to the throne, Zaman soon began to remove prominent Barakzai leaders from positions of power and replace them with men of his own

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When Ahmad Shah was on his death bed, Sadar Jahan Khan had capitalized on Timur Shah's far proximity with him ruling over Herat, and poisoned the ear of the Shah. This had worked as Timur Shah was denied an by Ahmad Shah on his deathbed, as a result, Timur Shah had begun mobilizing his forces for the

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and publicly declared him heir to the Durrani Empire. Ahmad Shah made this decision without consulting with his tribal council, as a result the authority of the Durrani Emperor was put into question and created a growing rift that would toil the Durrani empire for years to come, as the tribal council

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agreed that the Amu Darya would mark the division of their lands. Ahmad Shah retired to his home in the mountains east of Kandahar, where he died in 1772. He had succeeded to a remarkable degree in balancing tribal alliances and hostilities, and in directing tribal energies away from rebellion. He

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was the scene of a confrontation between two warring contenders for control of northern India. The Third Battle of Panipat (14 January 1761), fought between largely Muslim and largely Hindu armies was waged along a twelve-kilometer front. Despite decisively defeating the Marathas, what might have

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had then proceeded to march to Kabul, where he met Zaman Shah and his army on the way from Ghanzi to Kabul, Zaman Shah was decisively defeated, including portions of his army fleeing to Mahmud Shah's cause. Mahmud Shah ordered the lancing of Zaman Shah's eyes, and had succeeded Zaman Shah on the

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During the revolt of Darwish, Ahmad Shah had died of his illness in 1772. Shah Wali Khan and Sardar Jahan Khan kept the Shah's death a secret by placing the body on a palanquin covered by thick curtains. They had then left the King's mountain, taking as much treasure as they could and marched to

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being selected as the new leader of the Afghans, thus the Durrani dynasty was founded. Despite being younger than the other contenders, Ahmad Shah had several overriding factors in his favor. He belonged to a respectable family of political background, especially since his father had served as

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had brought food for the "Sick" Ruler. Shah wali Khan had then notified Sulaiman that Ahmad Shah was dead and proclaimed Sulaiman as king. However, many of the Amirs including Mahadad Khan had disliked Shah Wali's ambitions, and thus had fled to Timur's side, also notifying him of the ongoing

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were interlocked in a battle for influence in South Asia. Russian advance was trudging through Central Asia, while the British were landing in the masses on the Indian subcontinent. The "Army of the Indus", full of both British and Indian infantrymen and cavalrymen, was intent on restoring

1822:-Persian aggression against Afghan or British dominions. Only a few weeks after signing the agreement, Shuja was deposed by his predecessor, Mahmud. Much later, he was reinstated by the British, ruling during 1839–1842. Two of his sons also ruled for a brief period in 1842. 1217:. From this time and on, the domination and control of the Empire began to loosen, and by the time of Durrani's death he had lost parts of Punjab to the Sikhs, as well as earlier losses of northern territories to the Uzbeks, necessitating a compromise with them. 1022:

up to the eastern border of Kazakhstan, Ahmad Shah attempted to rally neighboring Muslim khanates and the Kazakhs to unite and attack China, ostensibly to liberate its western Muslim subjects. Ahmad Shah halted trade with Qing China and dispatched troops to

1690:. In conclusion, Timur Shah spent most of his reign consolidating the empire, while also fighting off rebellion, he prove himself as a competent leader from holding the unstable empire apart. Timur Shah died on 20 May 1793, succeeded by his son, 1529:

rulers who succeeded Ahmad Shah controlled little more than Kabul and the surrounding territory within a 160-kilometer radius. They not only lost the outlying territories but also alienated other tribes and lineages among the Durrani Pashtuns.

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being governed by Afghans. He sacked Delhi in 1757 but permitted the Mughal dynasty to remain in nominal control of the city as long as the ruler acknowledged Ahmad Shah's suzerainty over Punjab, Sindh, and Kashmir. Leaving his second son

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The efforts of the Sadozai heirs of Timur to impose a true monarchy on the truculent Pashtun tribes, and their efforts to rule absolutely and without the advice of the other major Pashtun tribal leaders, were ultimately unsuccessful. The

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been Ahmad Shah's peaceful control of his domains was disrupted by many challenges. As far as losses are concerned, Afghans too suffered heavily in the Third Battle of Panipat. This weakened his grasp over Punjab which fell to the rising

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Why all this verbose talk? God has created Ahmad Khan a much greater man than any of you; his life is the most noble of all the Afghan families. Maintain, therefore, God's work, for His wrath will weigh heavily upon you if you destroy

1642:'s death, he fought his brother Humayun Mirza for the throne, with Humayun supported by Shah Wali Khan. Shah Wali was killed by Timur Shah as he attempted to ride into his camp and beg for peace and mercy. Timur Shah then marched to 1738:

lineage, the Sadozai. This upset the delicate balance of Durrani tribal politics that Ahmad Shah had established and may have prompted Painda Khan and other Durrani chiefs to plot against the shah. Painda Khan and the chiefs of the

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The victory at Panipat was the high point of Ahmad Shah's—and Afghan—power. However, even prior to his death, the empire began to unravel. In 1762, Ahmad Shah crossed the passes from Afghanistan for the sixth time to subdue the

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Despite Ahmad Shah Durrani's flirtations with founding a Pashto-based bureaucracy, when the capital moved from Qandahar to Kabul in 1772, Durrani and post-Durrani Afghanistan retained Persian as its chancery and chief court

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While Mahmud Shah was campaigning in 1810, another one of Timur Shah's sons placed himself in rule at Kabul. Abbas Mirza ruled for a short period of time before being defeated by Mahmud Shah once he returned from campaign.

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Mahmud's second reign lasted 9 years, where he had further attempted to consolidate power, but was deposed by his brother in 1818, Mahmud's reign was also disputed in 1810, while he was campaigning, another one of

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Kandahar. Shah Wali Khan had also announced to everyone that the king was ill and had given orders to not disturb him except his trusted officials. To make the deception more believable, Ahmad Shah's chief eunuch,

1658:, as a better base of operation to combat any threat arriving from anywhere, as Kabul was essentially the heart of the empire. After consolidating his power, Timur Shah marched against the Sikh's in 1780 in a 1027:. However, with his campaigns in India exhausting the state treasury, and with his troops stretched thin throughout Central Asia, Ahmad Shah lacked sufficient resources to do anything except to send envoys to 1975:

The Durrani military was based on cavalry armed with flintlocks who performed hit-and-run attacks, combining new technology in firearms with Turco-Mongol tactics. The core of the Durrani army were the 10,000

1818:, which included a clause stating that he would oppose the passage of foreign troops through his territories. This agreement, the first Afghan pact with a European power, stipulated joint action in case of 3319:

Timur Shah transferred the Durrani capital from Qandahar in 1775–76. Kabul and Peshawar then shared time as the dual Durrani capital cities, the former during the summer and the latter during the winter

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and the Mughal rule was restricted only to Delhi (the Mughals remained the nominal heads of Delhi). Marathas were now straining to expand their area of control towards the Northwest of India. Ahmad Shah

1232:. Within two years, the Sikhs rebelled again and rebuilt their holy city of Amritsar. Ahmad Shah tried several more times to subjugate the Sikhs permanently, but failed. Durrani's forces instigated the 1773:

Zaman Shah's overthrow in 1801 was not the end of civil strife in Afghanistan, but the beginning of even greater violence. Mahmud Shah's first reign lasted for only two years before he was replaced by

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holcaust, massacre, great destruction, deluge, genocide, slaughter, (historically) the great loss of life suffered by Sikhs at the hands of their rulers, particularly on 1 May 1746 and 5 February 1762

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on 14 January 1761. The defeat at Panipat resulted in heavy losses for the Marathas, and was a huge setback for Peshwa Balaji Rao. He received the news of the defeat of Panipat on 24 January 1761 at

3893: 1001:, and other tribes of northern Afghanistan. Ahmad Shah invaded the remnants of the Mughal Empire a third time, and then a fourth, consolidating control over the Kashmir and Punjab regions, with 4580: 3731: 4285: 3484: 1678:. Timur Shah would encounter harsh resistance and rebellion, prominently those of Fayz Allah Khan, Azad Khan, and Arsalan Khan. Timur Shah in his reign also fought against 1588:

to face Shah Humayun. Shah Wali, fearing of Timur's march had consulted with Shah Humayun, and had agreed on him marching out to Prince Timur Shah to welcome him. He left

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Archambault, H. (2023, April 19). Afghan Circulations in the Persianate World, c. 1000–1800. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History. Retrieved 16 Oct. 2023, from

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An account of the kingdom of Caubul, and its dependencies in Persia, Tartary and India: comprising a view of the Afghaun nation and a history of the Dooraunee monarchy

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lasted for nine days and two chief contestants emerged: Hajji Jamal Khan of the Mohammadzai lineage and Ahmad Khan of the Sadozai. Mohammad Sabir Khan, a noted

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clan. Painda Khan's son fled to Iran and pledged the substantial support of his Barakzai followers to a rival claimant to the throne, Zaman's younger brother,

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Ayub Shah was another son of Timur Shah, who took control of the Durrani Empire after the death of Ali Shah Durrani. The Durrani Empire lost its control over

5710: 3369:, the Afghan kings favoured Peshawar as a winter residence, and were aggrieved when the upstart Sikh kingdom snatched it in 1818 and levelled its buildings. 1525:

was at an end, and Afghanistan was embroiled in civil war. Much of the territory conquered by Ahmad Shah fell to others in this half century. By 1818, the

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Hanifi, S. (2022, August 15). Deciphering the History of Modern Afghanistan. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History. Retrieved 16 Oct. 2023, from

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of Peshawar, Multan and Kashmir to the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century. The dynasty would become heirs of Afghanistan for generations, up until

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to Ahmad Shah Durrani in order to save his capital from Afghan attack. Having thus gained substantial territories to the east without a fight,

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Yet another of Timur Shah's sons, Shuja Shah (or Shah Shuja), ruled for only six years. On June 7, 1809, Shuja Shah signed a treaty with the

1734:, who succeeded in wresting power from Zaman's forces. Later, when Zaman was blinded by his brother, Ranjit Singh gave him asylum in Punjab. 3877: 6458: 5122: 4097: 3692: 3485:

https://oxfordre-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/asianhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-321

2065: 1951: 1618: 1267: 6533: 2899: 6538: 4636: 2709: 2429: 1803: 1571:, offering pardon, where then Timur Shah had ordered his execution where his nephew, Muhammad Khan would be appointed in his place. 6427: 5275: 1503: 6543: 6518: 3602: 2624: 6488: 6483: 6463: 5856: 5757: 5460: 4599: 4345: 970: 5905: 1521:'s successors governed so ineptly during a period of profound unrest that within fifty years of his death, the Durrani empire 6383: 6341: 6041: 4830: 4589: 4196: 4091: 4037: 3965: 3926: 3764: 3148: 3143: 3044: 2877: 2684: 734: 3971: 3932: 3352: 3306: 2654: 1718:

After the death of Timur Shah, three of his sons, the governors of Kandahar, Herat and Kabul, contended for the succession.

6528: 6523: 6513: 4738: 4202: 2959: 1491: 6393: 6111: 5883: 5773: 5450: 5445: 5375: 1682:, the ruler of Bukhara who attempted raids into Afghan Turkestan and Khorasan, often harassing the Durrani vassal of the 1233: 663: 709:

had ceded sovereignty over much of northwestern India to the Afghans; Ahmad then set out westward to take possession of

6473: 6091: 6005: 5895: 5752: 5717: 5470: 4446: 4418: 3887: 3523: 3452: 3124: 2904: 2894: 2887: 2644: 1754:. The clans of the chiefs Zaman had executed joined forces with the rebels, and they took Kandahar without bloodshed. 6306: 5501: 4812: 4547: 4477: 4064: 3857: 3686: 3652: 3573: 3506: 3346: 3300: 2847: 3563: 5605: 5440: 3803: 2842: 6468: 5139: 4949: 2952: 2928: 2909: 2857: 2719: 2009: 896:, so Sabir Khan again intervened. He placed some wheat or barley sheaves in Ahmad Khan's turban, and crowned him 222: 861:

The year 1747 marks the definitive appearance of an Afghan political entity independent of both the Persian and

6016: 5652: 4286:"The History Of Afghanistan Fayż Muḥammad Kātib Hazārah's Sirāj Al Tawārīkh By R. D. Mcchesney, M. M. Khorrami" 3725: 3392: 2046: 1868:. He seized power for a brief period in 1818–1819. in 1818 or 1819, He was strangled by his brother, Isma'il. 6071: 6010: 5696: 5174: 4629: 3629: 2705: 2594: 721:, who also acknowledged Afghan suzerainty. Subsequently, Ahmad sent an army to subdue the areas north of the 2614: 1963:, the deposed monarch to the throne of Afghanistan. By March 1839, the British had already crossed into the 6236: 5494: 3473:

https://oxfordre.com/asianhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-700

2872: 2694: 2664: 768:. Under Timur, the city of Kabul became the new capital of the Durrani Empire while Peshawar served as its 1650:

and Mongol guards consisted in his army. Timur Shah would also move the capital of the Durrani Realm from

100: 6321: 6201: 6101: 5685: 5642: 5342: 3790: 2279: 2105: 1807: 1674:, also faced recurring rebellions against him, including an assassination attempt early in his reign at 753:

to remain in nominal control as long as he acknowledged Afghan suzerainty over the regions south of the

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in 1762. Ahmad Shah also faced other rebellions in the north, and eventually he and the Uzbek Emir of

910: 3532: 879:(holy man), who had earlier predicted that Ahmad Khan would be the leader of the Afghans, rose in the 6326: 6181: 6116: 5690: 5632: 5622: 5610: 5014: 4884: 3292: 2055: 1920: 3816: 6453: 6171: 5980: 5816: 5659: 5455: 5270: 4743: 4622: 3527: 3053: 2574: 1180:, while leading a reinforcement force. Besides several important generals, he had lost his own son 557: 31: 3499:

State and Tribe in Nineteenth Century Afghanistan The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826–1863)

1100:. Through this treaty, the Marathas controlled virtually the whole of India from their capital at 6448: 6221: 6121: 6086: 6000: 5965: 5920: 5836: 5831: 5789: 5647: 5415: 5385: 5365: 5159: 4557: 3663:, the Durrani Empire was the greatest Muslim empire of the second half of the eighteenth century. 3196: 2983: 1609: 1173: 1057: 1040: 3821: 3288:

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier

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The Empire and the Khanate: a political history of Qing relations with Khoqand c. 1760–1860

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and withdrew with the booty he coveted. To counter the Afghans, Peshwa Balaji Bajirao sent

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in the Battle of Panipat. He died on 23 June 1761, and was succeeded by his younger son

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continued to exist in Herat until the city finally fell to Dost Muhammad Khan in 1862.

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Holy war in China: the Muslim rebellion and state in Chinese Central Asia, 1864–1877

3439:(2019). "The Rise of New Imperial and National Languages (ca. 1800 – ca. 1930)". In 6226: 5846: 5841: 5627: 5395: 5370: 5332: 5207: 5129: 5074: 5069: 4944: 4879: 4858: 4798: 4759: 4687: 4594: 4540:

Afghanistan: a military history from Alexander the Great to the fall of the Taliban

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History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878

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History of Afghanistan: From the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878

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Pain and Grace: A study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth-Century Muslim India

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The Pashtun Question: The Unresolved Key to the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan

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The "Ancient Supremacy": Bukhara, Afghanistan and the Battle for Balkh, 1731–1901

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The Ancient Supremacy: Bukhara, Afghanistan and the Battle for Balkh, 1731–1901

3058: 3035: 2489: 2479: 2399: 2379: 2309: 2215: 2165: 1955: 1538: 1460: 1451: 1367: 1137: 1093: 1085: 998: 958: 788:. The Durrani Empire is considered to be the foundational polity of the modern 730: 659: 4614: 6442: 6241: 5800: 5227: 5212: 5064: 4989: 4919: 4848: 3366: 3088: 2812: 2767: 2554: 2534: 2514: 2409: 2339: 2175: 2125: 1890:

in 1819. Ayub Shah was himself later deposed, and presumably killed in 1823.

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to safeguard his interests, Ahmad Shah left India to return to Afghanistan.

697:. After his accession as the nation's king, he changed his tribal name from 6403: 5727: 5702: 5551: 5531: 5337: 5317: 5134: 5049: 5009: 4999: 4974: 4969: 4924: 4838: 4764: 4523:

Afghanistan: A Study of Political Developments in Central and Southern Asia

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mountains. In short order, the powerful army brought under its control the

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When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699

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deposed the Durrani dynasty in Kabul, leading to its supersession by the

754: 639: 611: 529: 205: 4243: 1939: 1908: 1841:'s sons had seized the throne, but was defeated by Shah Mahmud in 1810. 5202: 5187: 5149: 4959: 4843: 4344:(Thesis). Vol. 01. University of Peshawar, Pakistan. p. 158. 4321: 4319: 3440: 3436: 3073: 2822: 2797: 2792: 2449: 2389: 2244: 1989: 1719: 1679: 1576: 1356: 1181: 982: 953:

from Mughal-appointed governor Nasir Khan. In 1749, the Mughal Emperor

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came to a complete end in 1738 after being toppled and banished by the

750: 722: 678: 5486: 4156:. Patiala, India: Punjabi University Publication Bureau. p. 293. 3610:. Asia Publishing House. Archived from the original on 7 February 2013 6026: 5556: 5079: 5004: 4894: 4172:

The History of Punjab from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time

2762: 2459: 2205: 1985: 1747: 1647: 1077: 726: 4316: 4304: 662:, the Durrani Empire is considered to be among the most significant 194:(chancery, chief court language, historiographical works, diplomacy) 5930: 5546: 5541: 4821: 2991: 2782: 1993: 1675: 1651: 1643: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1560: 1546:, its principal bazaar and citadel, as seen from the Nakkara Khauna 1543: 1245:

earned recognition as Ahmad Shah Baba, or "Father" of Afghanistan.

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with over 150 horsemen and had arrived at Prince Timur's force at

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Ahmad Khan reputedly hesitated to accept the open decision of the

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toward Durrani Suzerainty after it was seized after the death of

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in northern India had been declining after the death of Emperor

981:. Ahmad Shah next sent an army to subdue the areas north of the 16:"Afghan Empire" redirects here. For the 14th century state, see 5112: 4439:

The Indian Frontier: Horse and Warband in the Making of Empires

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Joshi, S. S.; Singh Gill, Mukhtiar, eds. (1994). "Ghalughara".

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The Persianate World: The Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca

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India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil

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India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil

1662:, and decisively defeated the Sikhs, forcing them to return 1225: 1162: 1101: 835: 647: 4578:

Afghanistan 1747–1809: Sources in the India Office Records

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One of Ahmad Shah's first military actions was to capture

804: 4141:. Vol. I: 1469–1839. Delhi: Oxford University Press. 1220:

He assaulted Lahore and, after taking their holy city of

4413:. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 79. 3416: 3414: 1825: 4607:

Article on Durrani methods of government, published in

4267: 4265: 1780: 1762: 1172:. The Durranis decisively defeated the Marathas in the 4325: 4310: 4283: 3678:

Boundary Politics and International Boundaries of Iran

1168:. There were rebellions in the north in the region of 3411: 3259: 3230: 3201: 1940:

Shah Shuja and the First Anglo Afghan War (1839–1842)

1746:

Durrani clans were executed, as was the chief of the

1208:

was one of the royal residences of the Durrani kings.

23:

1747–1823 Afghan empire founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani

4711: 4262: 977:, which was ruled by Nader Shah Afshar's grandson, 6399:Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum, 1984 5711:Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1989–present) 4231:. Lahore: Uttar Chand Kapur and Sons. p. 26. 4222: 4220: 1730:started to rise under the command of Sikh chief, 809: 792:of Afghanistan, with Ahmad being credited as its 6440: 4566:. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. 4506:Ahmad Shah Durrani: Father of Modern Afghanistan 4382:"Afghanistan a History from 1260 to the Present" 4368:"Afghanistan a History from 1260 to the Present" 4244:"Afghanistan A History From 1260 To The Present" 3604:Ahmad Shah Durrani: Father of Modern Afghanistan 4644: 4151: 4086:. Lotus Press. Volume 1: 1707–1803, pp. 29–47. 4217: 3871: 3869: 3674: 3447:. University of California Press. p. 42. 1853: 1260:Other Durrani rulers in the Empire (1772–1823) 6509:States and territories disestablished in 1842 6499:States and territories disestablished in 1823 5502: 4806: 4630: 4611:, Volume 38, Issue 2, 2007, pp. 145–157. 4520: 4132: 4130: 3251: 3222: 3118: 2960: 1507:The Durrani Empire and main polities in Asia 871:(grand council) was called into session. The 669:Ahmad was the son of Muhammad Zaman Khan (an 60: 4408: 4083:Advance Study in the History of Modern India 3521: 3387:(illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 116. 3245: 3216: 1893: 913:who died in a battle defending the Afghans. 735:the Afghans invaded India on eight occasions 46: 4556: 4433: 4188:Inside Afghanistan: end of the Taliban era? 3866: 3852:. Princeton University Press. p. 333. 3647:. Princeton University Press. p. 334. 3557: 3555: 1799:, 1842 James Atkinson watercolour painting. 1236:when they killed thousands of Sikhs in the 729:, and in short order, all of the different 6504:States and territories established in 1839 6494:States and territories established in 1747 5509: 5495: 4820: 4813: 4799: 4637: 4623: 4337: 4127: 4032:. Permanent Black, India. pp. 80–81. 3882:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 69. 3814: 3515: 3253: 3224: 3190: 3167:Ahmad Shah Durrani wrote poetry in Pashto. 3125: 3111: 2967: 2953: 1034: 62: 3921:. Stanford University Press. p. 20. 1696: 1599: 1248:The Durrani Empire lost its control over 904:concluded near the city of Kandahar with 760:Following Ahmad's death in 1772, his son 646:, parts of northeastern and southeastern 638:. At its peak, it ruled over present-day 6479:Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent 4590:Biography of Ahmad Shah Abdali (Durrani) 4494: 4465: 4073: 4021: 3752: 3713: 3552: 3420: 1871: 1802: 1790: 1706: 1617: 1537: 1195: 1115: 1052:and his coalition decisively defeat the 1044: 920: 666:of the second half of the 18th century. 6222:Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Hussain Najafi 5516: 4123:. Oxford University Press. p. 112. 4079: 4008: 3431: 3429: 3330: 3328: 3278: 1533: 1013: 805:Reign of Ahmad Shah Durrani (1747–1772) 188:(poetry, initially used in bureaucracy) 6441: 5857:Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat 5758:Students Islamic Organisation of India 4537: 4226: 4174:. New Delhi: Eurasia Publishing House. 4118: 4004:. New York: Columbia University Press. 3875: 3847: 3642: 3496: 3380: 3284: 1489: 1478: 1440: 1418: 1343: 1334: 1325: 1314: 1305: 733:began to join his cause. Under Ahmad, 255: (Disputed with Timur Shah) 6342:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 6227:Grand Ayatollah Bashir Hussain Najafi 6042:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 5490: 4794: 4618: 4503: 4284:Muhammad Katib Hazarah, Fayz (2012). 4271: 4241: 4235: 4205:from the original on 4 September 2014 4184: 4169: 4136: 3992: 3953: 3829:from the original on 12 December 2013 3600: 3540:from the original on 30 November 2010 3435: 3355:from the original on 25 November 2016 3334: 3149:List of Pashtun empires and dynasties 3144:Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani 1844: 1826:Mahmud Shah (second reign, 1809–1818) 1584:. Timur Shah had then marched toward 1467: 1429: 1407: 1398: 1387: 1296: 1287: 1278: 1228:inhabitants, destroyed their revered 1120:Muslim man from Afghanistan (愛烏罕回人). 830:Persians. From 1722 to 1725, his son 4739:Maratha conquest of North-west India 4605:Afghanistan and the Search for Unity 4521:Fraser-Tytler, William Kerr (1953). 4348:from the original on 4 December 2021 4277: 4059:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 84–94. 3896:from the original on 13 January 2022 3426: 3325: 1903: 1781:Shuja Shah (1803–1809 and 1839–1842) 1763:Mahmud Shah (first reign, 1801–1803) 1458: 1449: 1376: 1365: 1354: 1080:, who died in 1707. In 1751–52, the 1018:Alarmed by the expansion of China's 6459:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan 6112:Sahibzada Haji Muhammad Fazal Karim 5774:Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat 4525:. London: Oxford University Press. 4411:War in the Eighteenth-Century World 4100:from the original on 6 January 2019 4052: 4027: 3914: 3817:"Afghanistan: x. Political History" 3734:from the original on 2 October 2022 3582:from the original on 26 August 2021 3562:Lee, Jonathan L. (1 January 1996). 3561: 3309:from the original on 15 August 2021 3252: 3246: 3223: 3217: 3189: 3181: 47: 13: 6384:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization 6092:Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi 6006:Maulana Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni 5896:All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board 5753:Students Islamic Movement of India 5718:All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board 3935:from the original on 27 April 2016 3695:from the original on 4 August 2021 3338:Pakistan and the Karakoram Highway 916: 14: 6555: 6534:18th century in the Mughal Empire 4571: 4508:. London: Asia Publishing House. 4080:Chhabra, G. S. (1 January 2005). 3974:from the original on 17 June 2016 1795:The main street in the bazaar at 6539:Former countries in Central Asia 4714: 4472:. London: W. H. Allen & Co. 4341:UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN 3501:. Psychology Press. p. 15. 2934: 2924: 2923: 2028: 1950:In the 19th century as a whole, 1907: 1810:, founded by Shuja Shah in 1839. 1272: 1266: 865:empires. In June of that year a 626:in 1747, which spanned parts of 578: 564: 548: 534: 520: 493: 479: 465: 99: 6428:Militant Islamism in South Asia 5906:Ahlehadeeth Movement Bangladesh 4466:Malleson, George Bruce (1879). 4427: 4402: 4388: 4374: 4360: 4331: 4229:The Panjab as a Sovereign State 4178: 4163: 4145: 4112: 4046: 3986: 3947: 3908: 3841: 3815:D. Balland (15 December 1983). 3808: 3773: 3746: 3707: 3675:Mojtahed-Zadeh, Pirouz (2007). 3668: 3636: 3594: 3238: 3209: 3170: 3016:Discrimination against Pashtuns 1980:(blunderbuss)-carrying mounted 1550:A few months before his death, 826:, gained independence from the 749:, but permitted Mughal emperor 311: (Disputed in 1810) 6544:Former countries in South Asia 6519:1823 disestablishments in Asia 6017:Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi 5471:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 4191:. APH Publishing. p. 65. 3490: 3477: 3465: 3374: 3341:. Lonely Planet. p. 191. 3161: 1759:throne of the Durrani Empire. 1191: 1084:treaty was signed between the 900:(Shah, Pearl of the Age). The 810:Foundation of the Afghan state 383:• Dynasty established by 1: 6489:History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 6484:Modern history of Afghanistan 6464:Empires and kingdoms of India 6072:Muhammad Fazlur Rahman Ansari 6011:Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari 4227:Chopra, Gulshan Lall (1928). 4170:Latif, Syad Muhammad (1964). 3285:Hanifi, Shah Mahmoud (2011). 3271: 1670:. Timur Shah, having secured 1508: 834:briefly ruled large parts of 764:became the next ruler of the 26:For the Durrani dynasty, see 6237:Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib 5936:All India Khilafat Committee 4495:Schimmel, AnneMarie (1975). 4002:Muslim Civilization in India 3876:Runion, Meredith L. (2007). 3522:Hatch Dupree, Nancy (2010). 1864:Ali Shah was another son of 321:• 1810–1810 (Disputed) 7: 6529:19th century in Afghanistan 6524:18th century in Afghanistan 6514:1747 establishments in Asia 6322:Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir 6102:Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi 5686:Markazu Saquafathi Sunniyya 5643:Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan 5343:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 4542:. New York: Da Capo Press. 4326:Muhammad Katib Hazarah 2012 4311:Muhammad Katib Hazarah 2012 3791:Central Intelligence Agency 3753:Siddique, Abubakar (2014). 3260: 3231: 3202: 2900:Hindu and Buddhist heritage 2710:Transitional Administration 2280:Principality of Chaghaniyan 1999: 1970: 1854:Sultan Ali Shah (1818–1819) 1808:Order of the Durrani Empire 89:1839–1842 (Shuja's Kingdom) 10: 6560: 6077:Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi 5901:Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan 5873:All India Sunni Conference 5852:All Pakistan Ulema Council 5743:National Development Front 5697:Sunni Students' Federation 5601:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami 5476:War in North-West Pakistan 5436:Afghan War of Independence 4459: 4338:Khan Malik, Ajmal (1993). 4154:Punjabi–English Dictionary 3879:The History of Afghanistan 3497:Noelle, Christine (1997). 2756:Related historical regions 1943: 1897: 1886:to the Sikh Empire in the 1875: 1857: 1829: 1784: 1766: 1700: 1603: 1252:to the Sikh Empire in the 1038: 971:Ahmad Shah turned westward 799: 25: 15: 6474:Former Islamic monarchies 6417: 6365: 6327:Abubakar Muhammad Zakaria 6182:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi 6117:Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani 5958: 5865: 5766: 5668: 5633:Islami Jatiya Oikya Front 5623:Islami Andolan Bangladesh 5611:Islamic Democratic League 5593: 5572: 5565: 5524: 5356: 5303: 5283: 5259: 5246: 5173: 5088: 5015:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai 4885:Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai 4867: 4829: 4752: 4731: 4709: 4655: 4490:– via Google Books. 4137:Singh, Khushwant (1978). 3714:Malleson, George (1878). 3628:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3381:L. Lee, Jonathan (1996). 3293:Stanford University Press 2056:Indus Valley civilisation 1894:Durrani Herat (1793–1863) 1554:summoned Timur Shah from 1224:, massacred thousands of 1107:sacked the Mughal capital 713:, which was ruled by the 444: 440: 430: 426: 421: 417: 407: 394: 381: 377: 367: 363: 353: 341: 329: 319: 307: 295: 283: 271: 259: 247: 235: 231: 221: 211: 201: 178: 141: 117: 96: 79: 61: 41: 5981:Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi 5817:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan 5660:Islamic Front Bangladesh 5271:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement 4583:7 September 2011 at the 4558:Elphinstone, Mountstuart 4538:Tanner, Stephen (2002). 4119:Dhavan, Purnima (2011). 3954:Newby, Laura J. (2005). 3804:(Archived 2010 edition.) 3681:. Universal-Publishers. 3203:Imparātūrī-yī Durrānīyān 3154: 2575:Principality of Qandahar 1031:for unsuccessful talks. 965:and the important trans 838:and declared himself as 774:faced territorial losses 559:Principality of Qandahar 32:Durrani (disambiguation) 6122:Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad 6087:Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi 6001:Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri 5966:Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi 5921:Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir 5884:Finality of Prophethood 5837:Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal 5832:Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan 5790:Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan 5648:Bangladesh Islami Front 5416:Second Anglo-Afghan War 5386:Third Battle of Panipat 5366:First Battle of Panipat 5276:People's Peace Movement 5160:Yusuf Khan and Sherbano 4744:Third battle of Panipat 4600:History of Abdali tribe 3533:Encyclopædia Britannica 1992:mounted on camels, the 1610:Battle of Rohtas (1779) 1174:Third Battle of Panipat 1058:Third Battle of Panipat 1041:Third Battle of Panipat 1035:Third Battle of Panipat 737:, subjugating parts of 677:) and the commander of 6469:Former empires in Asia 6272:Delwar Hossain Sayeedi 6132:Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi 5812:Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba 5748:Popular Front of India 5691:Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa 5348:Anti-Pashtun sentiment 5155:Adam Khan and Durkhani 4703:Mohammad Yusuf Durrani 4139:A History of the Sikhs 3848:Dupree, Louis (1980). 3643:Dupree, Louis (1980). 3530:; et al. (eds.). 3335:Singh, Sarina (2008). 3139:List of Durrani Wazirs 2941:Afghanistan portal 2878:List of heads of state 2136:Greco-Bactrian kingdom 1965:Emirate of Afghanistan 1946:First Anglo-Afghan War 1811: 1800: 1715: 1697:Zaman Shah (1793–1801) 1635: 1614:Siege of Multan (1780) 1600:Timur Shah (1772–1793) 1547: 1209: 1136:holy war) against the 1128:Ahmad Shah declared a 1125: 1069: 973:to take possession of 930: 898:Badshah, Durr-i-Dauran 890: 786:Emirate of Afghanistan 614:empire founded by the 516:Emirate of Afghanistan 409:• Disestablished 30:. For other uses, see 6282:Khalid Mehmood Soomro 6267:Arif Hussain Hussaini 5941:Muslim National Guard 5808:Ahle Sunnat, Pakistan 4504:Singh, Ganda (1959). 4409:Jeremy Black (2012). 4242:Drahm, Abdel (2020). 4185:Reddy, L. R. (2002). 4053:Roy, Kaushik (2004). 4028:Roy, Kaushik (2004). 3960:. BRILL. p. 34. 3915:Kim, Ho-dong (2004). 3759:. Hurst. p. 31. 3601:Singh, Ganda (1959). 3045:Empires and dynasties 2186:Indo-Parthian kingdom 2166:Indo-Scythian kingdom 1872:Ayub Shah (1819–1823) 1806: 1794: 1710: 1621: 1541: 1199: 1144:under the command of 1122:Huang Qing Zhigong Tu 1119: 1048: 924: 885: 757:, till Sutlej river. 179:Common languages 6337:Maulana Sardar Ahmad 6232:Muhammad Taqi Usmani 6217:Motiur Rahman Nizami 6137:Mian Tufail Mohammad 6107:Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi 6037:Maulana Sardar Ahmad 5986:Peer Jamaat Ali Shah 5827:Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam 5733:Jamaat-e-Islami Hind 5678:Al Jamiatul Ashrafia 5606:Islami Chhatrashibir 5123:northern Afghanistan 4935:Najib Khan Yousafzai 3822:Encyclopædia Iranica 3524:"Last Afghan empire" 3232:Imparātūrī-yī Afghān 3182:د درانيانو ټولواکمني 1996:, so did artillery. 1534:Humayun Mirza (1772) 1504:class=notpageimage| 1014:Relations with China 957:was induced to cede 794:Father of the Nation 741:and the majority of 606:, also known as the 48:د درانیانو ټولواکمني 6317:Nurul Islam Farooqi 6297:Sanaullah Amritsari 6257:Javed Ahmad Ghamidi 6197:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 6167:Mohammad Ali Jouhar 6162:Ziya-ur-Rahman Azmi 6147:Anwar Shah Kashmiri 5976:Habibullah Qurayshi 5971:Abdul Wahid Bengali 5878:Shaheed Ganj Mosque 5738:Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind 5723:Darul Uloom Deoband 5653:Islami Chhatra Sena 5518:Islam in South Asia 5446:Waziristan campaign 5313:Pashtun nationalism 5040:Mohammad Najibullah 4775:Mohammad Shah Qajar 4770:Fath-Ali Shah Qajar 4698:Kamran Shah Durrani 4678:Mahmud Shah Durrani 3218:د افغانان ټولواکمني 2645:Democratic Republic 1832:Mahmud Shah Durrani 1769:Mahmud Shah Durrani 1628:Nizam of the Punjab 1054:Maratha Confederacy 654:, and northwestern 636:Indian subcontinent 398:Shah Shujah Durrani 372:Early modern period 359:Shujah Shah Durrani 325:Abbas Mirza Durrani 315:Mahmud Shah Durrani 302:Shujah Shah Durrani 290:Mahmud Shah Durrani 6312:Fazlul Haque Amini 6292:Ehsan Elahi Zaheer 6277:Syed Nazeer Husain 6262:Qazi Hussain Ahmad 6192:Shah Ahmad Noorani 6082:Shah Ahmad Noorani 5822:Jamiat Ahle Hadith 5806:Tanzeem-ul-Madaris 5795:Jamaat Ahle Sunnat 5779:Tanzeem ul Madaris 5391:Battle of Nowshera 5381:Battle of Gulnabad 5284:Religious-military 5218:Ahmad Shah Durrani 4955:Malalai of Maiwand 4940:Dost Mohammad Khan 4930:Ahmad Shah Durrani 4910:Aimal Khan Mohmand 4905:Kalu Khan Yusufzai 4780:Dost Mohammad Khan 4722:Afghanistan portal 4683:Shuja Shah Durrani 4673:Zaman Shah Durrani 4668:Timur Shah Durrani 4663:Ahmad Shah Durrani 3998:Embree, Ainslie T. 3786:The World Factbook 2848:Political violence 2655:Tanai coup attempt 2290:Rashidun Caliphate 2235:Hephthalite Empire 2156:Indo-Greek kingdom 1961:Shah Shuja Durrani 1919:. You can help by 1845:Abbas Mirza (1810) 1839:Timur Shah Durrani 1812: 1801: 1787:Shuja Shah Durrani 1716: 1712:Zaman Shah Durrani 1703:Zaman Shah Durrani 1692:Zaman Shah Durrani 1668:Ahmad Shah Durrani 1640:Ahmad Shah Durrani 1638:After his father, 1636: 1624:Timur Shah Durrani 1606:Timur Shah Durrani 1548: 1210: 1126: 1070: 1050:Ahmad Shah Durrani 955:Ahmad Shah Bahadur 931: 927:Ahmad Shah Durrani 906:Ahmad Shah Durrani 778:Dost Muhammad Khan 762:Timur Shah Durrani 624:Ahmad Shah Durrani 385:Ahmad Shah Durrani 278:Zaman Shah Durrani 266:Timur Shah Durrani 242:Ahmad Shah Durrani 124:1747–1823 (Empire) 83:1747–1823 (Empire) 6436: 6435: 6389:Hudood Ordinances 6379:Direct Action Day 6357:Sultan Zauq Nadvi 6332:Sheikh Ahmadullah 6287:Siddiq Hasan Khan 6187:Abul A'la Maududi 6157:Ubaidullah Sindhi 6142:Ashraf Ali Thanwi 6067:Shah Turab ul Haq 6022:Ahmad Saeed Kazmi 5954: 5953: 5638:Islami Oikya Jote 5484: 5483: 5466:Soviet–Afghan War 5451:Second Waziristan 5431:Siege of Malakand 5421:Battle of Maiwand 5323:Afghan (ethnonym) 5299: 5298: 5266:Khudai Khidmatgar 5035:Abdul Ahad Momand 4965:Abdur Rahman Khan 4950:Victor of Maiwand 4915:Darya Khan Afridi 4788: 4787: 4693:Ayub Shah Durrani 4198:978-81-7648-319-3 4093:978-81-89093-06-8 4039:978-81-7824-109-8 3967:978-90-04-14550-4 3928:978-0-8047-4884-1 3789:(2024 ed.). 3766:978-1-84904-292-5 3261:Daulat-ī Sadūzāyī 3200: 3191:امپراتوری درانیان 3135: 3134: 2977: 2976: 2868:Afghan (ethnonym) 2843:Political history 2747: 2746: 2595:Saqqawist Emirate 2545:Sadozai Sultanate 2498: 2497: 2284:7th–8th centuries 2253: 2252: 2106:Macedonian Empire 2096:Achaemenid Empire 2066:Oxus civilization 1937: 1936: 1900:Herat (1793-1863) 1888:Battle of Shopian 1878:Ayub Shah Durrani 1254:Battle of Shopian 1234:Vaḍḍā Ghallūghārā 1060:and restored the 911:Governor of Herat 852:Nader Shah Afshar 824:Kandahar Province 745:. In early 1757, 679:Nader Shah Afshar 673:chieftain of the 594: 593: 590: 589: 586: 585: 508: 507: 355:• 1839–1842 348:Ayub Shah Durrani 343:• 1819–1823 331:• 1818–1819 309:• 1809–1818 297:• 1803–1809 285:• 1801–1803 273:• 1793–1801 261:• 1772–1793 237:• 1747–1772 216:Elective monarchy 133:1839–1842 (Kabul) 128:1793–1863 (Herat) 111:(Herat 1818–1842) 86:1793–1863 (Herat) 63:امپراتوری درانیان 6551: 5847:Tehrik-e-Jafaria 5842:Tanzeem-e-Islami 5628:Khelafat Majlish 5570: 5569: 5511: 5504: 5497: 5488: 5487: 5456:Mohmand campaign 5441:Afghan Civil War 5406:First Afghan War 5396:Battle of Jamrud 5371:Battle of Chausa 5333:Bannu Resolution 5260:Citizens' groups 5257: 5256: 5208:Abdul Hamid Baba 5130:Pashtun clothing 5075:Manzoor Pashteen 5070:Malala Yousafzai 4945:Wazir Akbar Khan 4859:Barakzai dynasty 4815: 4808: 4801: 4792: 4791: 4760:Sadashivrao Bhau 4724: 4719: 4718: 4717: 4688:Ali Shah Durrani 4650: 4639: 4632: 4625: 4616: 4615: 4567: 4553: 4534: 4517: 4500: 4491: 4453: 4452: 4431: 4425: 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3248: 3242: 3236: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3205: 3195: 3193: 3192: 3183: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3127: 3120: 3113: 3026:List of Pashtuns 2979: 2978: 2969: 2962: 2955: 2939: 2938: 2937: 2927: 2926: 2910:Muslim conquests 2895:Hinduism history 2858:Economic history 2742: 2720:Islamic Republic 2511: 2510: 2440:Chagatai Khanate 2266: 2265: 2206:Kidarite kingdom 2076:Gandhara kingdom 2052: 2051: 2032: 2022: 2004: 2003: 1932: 1929: 1911: 1904: 1860:Ali Shah Durrani 1684:Afsharid dynasty 1513: 1510: 1498: 1496: 1487: 1485: 1476: 1474: 1465: 1463: 1456: 1454: 1447: 1445: 1438: 1436: 1427: 1425: 1416: 1414: 1405: 1403: 1396: 1394: 1385: 1383: 1374: 1372: 1363: 1361: 1352: 1350: 1341: 1339: 1332: 1330: 1323: 1321: 1312: 1310: 1303: 1301: 1294: 1292: 1285: 1283: 1276: 1270: 1154:Suba Khan Tanoli 1150:Nasir I of Kalat 850:who were led by 782:Barakzai dynasty 715:Afsharid dynasty 582: 581: 568: 567: 560: 552: 551: 538: 537: 524: 523: 512: 511: 503: 497: 496: 483: 482: 469: 468: 462: 461: 446: 445: 336:Ali Shah Durrani 103: 74: 66: 65: 64: 58: 50: 49: 39: 38: 6559: 6558: 6554: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6548: 6454:Durrani dynasty 6439: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6413: 6372: 6361: 6347:Asjad Raza Khan 6302:Abul Kalam Azad 6247:Jalaluddin Umri 6152:Mahmud al-Hasan 6127:Syed Hayatullah 6097:Arshadul Qaudri 6052:Ibrahim Chatuli 6047:Asjad Raza Khan 6032:Amjad Ali Aazmi 5996:Hamid Raza Khan 5991:Abdullahil Baqi 5950: 5946:Tablighi Jamaat 5926:Jamaat ul-Fuqra 5916:Jamaat-e-Islami 5861: 5762: 5664: 5618:Hefazat-e-Islam 5589: 5561: 5520: 5515: 5485: 5480: 5358: 5352: 5305: 5295: 5279: 5255: 5242: 5198:Khushal Khattak 5169: 5103:Pashtun cuisine 5098:Pashtun culture 5084: 4875:Alauddin Khilji 4863: 4854:Durrani dynasty 4825: 4824:-related topics 4819: 4789: 4784: 4748: 4727: 4720: 4715: 4713: 4707: 4651: 4648: 4646:Durrani dynasty 4643: 4595:Ahmad Shah Baba 4585:Wayback Machine 4574: 4550: 4480: 4462: 4457: 4456: 4449: 4432: 4428: 4421: 4407: 4403: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4351: 4349: 4336: 4332: 4324: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4295: 4293: 4282: 4278: 4270: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4240: 4236: 4225: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4199: 4183: 4179: 4168: 4164: 4150: 4146: 4135: 4128: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4094: 4078: 4074: 4067: 4051: 4047: 4040: 4026: 4022: 4013: 4009: 3991: 3987: 3977: 3975: 3968: 3952: 3948: 3938: 3936: 3929: 3913: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3890: 3874: 3867: 3860: 3846: 3842: 3832: 3830: 3813: 3809: 3795: 3793: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3751: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3728: 3720:. p. 298. 3712: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3689: 3673: 3669: 3655: 3641: 3637: 3621: 3620: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3585: 3583: 3576: 3560: 3553: 3543: 3541: 3520: 3516: 3509: 3495: 3491: 3482: 3478: 3470: 3466: 3455: 3434: 3427: 3419: 3412: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3379: 3375: 3358: 3356: 3349: 3333: 3326: 3312: 3310: 3303: 3295:. p. 185. 3283: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3268: 3247:سدوزي ټولواکمني 3243: 3239: 3225:امپراتوری افغان 3214: 3210: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3131: 2973: 2935: 2933: 2916: 2915: 2914: 2837: 2829: 2828: 2827: 2757: 2749: 2748: 2740: 2735:Islamic Emirate 2675:Islamic Emirate 2635:Saur Revolution 2508: 2500: 2499: 2430:Mongol Invasion 2404:before 879–1215 2263: 2255: 2254: 2196:Sasanian Empire 2180:135 BC – 248 AD 2146:Parthian Empire 2116:Seleucid Empire 2049: 2020: 2013: 2002: 1973: 1948: 1942: 1933: 1927: 1924: 1917:needs expansion 1902: 1896: 1880: 1874: 1862: 1856: 1847: 1834: 1828: 1789: 1783: 1771: 1765: 1714:being enthroned 1705: 1699: 1616: 1604:Main articles: 1602: 1536: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1506: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1262: 1194: 1043: 1037: 1016: 979:Shahrukh Afshar 919: 917:Early victories 842:. However, the 812: 807: 802: 766:Durrani dynasty 747:he sacked Delhi 705:. In 1749, the 664:Islamic empires 632:Iranian plateau 608:Sadozai Kingdom 579: 574:Maimana Khanate 565: 558: 549: 535: 521: 502:Bukhara Khanate 501: 494: 480: 466: 433: 410: 400: 387: 356: 344: 332: 322: 312: 310: 298: 286: 274: 262: 254: 250: 238: 197: 174: 165: 158: 137: 113: 105: 104: 92: 75: 68: 59: 52: 44: 35: 28:Durrani dynasty 24: 21: 18:Delhi Sultanate 12: 11: 5: 6557: 6547: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6449:Durrani Empire 6434: 6433: 6431: 6430: 6425: 6418: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6409:Noakhali riots 6406: 6401: 6396: 6394:Shah Bano case 6391: 6386: 6381: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6370: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6202:Fazl-ur-Rehman 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6177:Muhammad Iqbal 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6062:Ahmad Sirhindi 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5962: 5960: 5956: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5911:Hizb ut-Tahrir 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5890:Dawat e Islami 5887: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5803: 5798: 5792: 5787: 5784:Dawat e Islami 5781: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5705: 5700: 5694: 5688: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5672: 5670: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5662: 5657: 5656: 5655: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5608: 5597: 5595: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5585:Durrani Empire 5582: 5576: 5574: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5521: 5514: 5513: 5506: 5499: 5491: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5461:Tribal revolts 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5426:Tirah campaign 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5376:Malandari Pass 5373: 5368: 5362: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5309: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5293: 5287: 5285: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5261: 5254: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5183:Amir Kror Suri 5179: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5145:Pashtun tribes 5142: 5140:Pashto singers 5137: 5132: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5118:Pashtunization 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5094: 5092: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4980:Amanullah Khan 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4835: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4818: 4817: 4810: 4803: 4795: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4725: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4652: 4642: 4641: 4634: 4627: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4573: 4572:External links 4570: 4569: 4568: 4554: 4548: 4535: 4518: 4501: 4492: 4478: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4454: 4448:978-1351363563 4447: 4426: 4420:978-0230370005 4419: 4401: 4387: 4373: 4359: 4330: 4315: 4303: 4276: 4274:, p. 145. 4261: 4234: 4216: 4197: 4177: 4162: 4144: 4126: 4111: 4092: 4072: 4065: 4045: 4038: 4020: 4007: 3985: 3966: 3946: 3927: 3907: 3889:978-0313337987 3888: 3865: 3858: 3840: 3807: 3772: 3765: 3745: 3726: 3706: 3687: 3667: 3661:Ottoman Empire 3653: 3635: 3593: 3574: 3551: 3514: 3507: 3489: 3476: 3464: 3454:978-0520972100 3453: 3425: 3410: 3393: 3373: 3347: 3324: 3301: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3237: 3208: 3169: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3122: 3115: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3102: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3048: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3039: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2995: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2971: 2964: 2957: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2931: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2912: 2907: 2905:Jewish history 2902: 2897: 2892: 2891: 2890: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2836:Related topics 2835: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2745: 2744: 2738: 2731: 2730: 2727: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2565:Durrani Empire 2561: 2560: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2310:Tibetan Empire 2306: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2250: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2190:20 BC – 50? AD 2188: 2182: 2181: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2050: 2045: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2025: 2024: 2015: 2014: 2007: 2001: 1998: 1972: 1969: 1944:Main article: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1914: 1912: 1898:Main article: 1895: 1892: 1876:Main article: 1873: 1870: 1858:Main article: 1855: 1852: 1846: 1843: 1830:Main article: 1827: 1824: 1785:Main article: 1782: 1779: 1767:Main article: 1764: 1761: 1701:Main article: 1698: 1695: 1634:, dated 1757/8 1601: 1598: 1535: 1532: 1502: 1501: 1462:RUSSIAN EMPIRE 1453:KAZAKH KHANATE 1271: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1193: 1190: 1094:Balaji Bajirao 1039:Main article: 1036: 1033: 1015: 1012: 918: 915: 840:Shah of Persia 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 770:winter capital 660:Ottoman Empire 658:. Next to the 600:Durrani Empire 592: 591: 588: 587: 584: 583: 576: 570: 569: 562: 554: 553: 546: 540: 539: 532: 526: 525: 518: 509: 506: 505: 498: 490: 489: 484: 476: 475: 470: 458: 457: 452: 442: 441: 438: 437: 434: 431: 428: 427: 424: 423: 419: 418: 415: 414: 411: 408: 405: 404: 401: 395: 392: 391: 388: 382: 379: 378: 375: 374: 369: 368:Historical era 365: 364: 361: 360: 357: 354: 351: 350: 345: 342: 339: 338: 333: 330: 327: 326: 323: 320: 317: 316: 313: 308: 305: 304: 299: 296: 293: 292: 287: 284: 281: 280: 275: 272: 269: 268: 263: 260: 257: 256: 253:Humayun Mirza 251: 248: 245: 244: 239: 236: 233: 232: 229: 228: 225: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 203: 199: 198: 196: 195: 189: 182: 180: 176: 175: 173: 172: 166: 159: 152: 145: 143: 139: 138: 136: 135: 130: 125: 121: 119: 115: 114: 106: 98: 97: 94: 93: 91: 90: 87: 84: 80: 77: 76: 45: 43:Durrani Empire 42: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6556: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6419: 6416: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6364: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6242:Safdar Nagori 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5957: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892:International 5891: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5801:Sunni Tehreek 5799: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786:International 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5661: 5658: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5592: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5568: 5566:Organisations 5564: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5512: 5507: 5505: 5500: 5498: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5306:controversies 5302: 5292: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5228:Ajmal Khattak 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5213:Hussain Hotak 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5087: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5065:Malalai Kakar 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5045:Mohammed Omar 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4990:Mulla Powinda 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4920:Mirwais Hotak 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4900:Sher Shah Sur 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4849:Hotak dynasty 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4823: 4816: 4811: 4809: 4804: 4802: 4797: 4796: 4793: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4723: 4712: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4640: 4635: 4633: 4628: 4626: 4621: 4620: 4617: 4610: 4609:Asian Affairs 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4549:0-306-81164-2 4545: 4541: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4479:9781402172786 4475: 4471: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4450: 4444: 4441:. Routledge. 4440: 4437:(2017). "6". 4436: 4430: 4422: 4416: 4412: 4405: 4397: 4391: 4383: 4377: 4369: 4363: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4334: 4328:, p. 56. 4327: 4322: 4320: 4313:, p. 55. 4312: 4307: 4291: 4287: 4280: 4273: 4268: 4266: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4230: 4223: 4221: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4181: 4173: 4166: 4159: 4155: 4148: 4140: 4133: 4131: 4122: 4115: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4085: 4084: 4076: 4068: 4066:9788178241098 4062: 4058: 4057: 4049: 4041: 4035: 4031: 4024: 4017: 4011: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3989: 3973: 3969: 3963: 3959: 3958: 3950: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3911: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3881: 3880: 3872: 3870: 3861: 3859:0-691-03006-5 3855: 3851: 3844: 3828: 3824: 3823: 3818: 3811: 3805: 3792: 3788: 3787: 3782: 3781:"Afghanistan" 3776: 3768: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3749: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3719: 3718: 3710: 3694: 3690: 3688:9781581129335 3684: 3680: 3679: 3671: 3664: 3662: 3656: 3654:0-691-03006-5 3650: 3646: 3639: 3631: 3625: 3606: 3605: 3597: 3581: 3577: 3575:9789004103993 3571: 3567: 3566: 3558: 3556: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3529: 3528:Dupree, Louis 3525: 3518: 3510: 3508:9781138982871 3504: 3500: 3493: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3461: 3456: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3432: 3430: 3423:, p. 12. 3422: 3421:Schimmel 1975 3417: 3415: 3407: 3396: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3377: 3370: 3368: 3354: 3350: 3348:9781741045420 3344: 3340: 3339: 3331: 3329: 3321: 3308: 3304: 3302:9780804777773 3298: 3294: 3290: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3262: 3241: 3233: 3212: 3204: 3198: 3187: 3179: 3173: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3128: 3123: 3121: 3116: 3114: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3054:Khalji Bengal 3052: 3051: 3050: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2997: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2958: 2956: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2947: 2942: 2932: 2930: 2922: 2921: 2920: 2919: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2886: 2885: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2873:List of years 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2833: 2832: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2813:Paropamisadae 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2753: 2752: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2695:Islamic State 2693: 2692: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2666: 2665:Islamic State 2663: 2662: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2558: 2556: 2555:Afsharid Iran 2553: 2552: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2536: 2535:Hotak dynasty 2533: 2532: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2504: 2503: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2259: 2258: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2177: 2176:Kushan Empire 2174: 2173: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2150:247 BC–224 AD 2149: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2127: 2126:Maurya Empire 2124: 2123: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2087: 2086:Median Empire 2084: 2083: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2026: 2023: 2017: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2005: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1947: 1931: 1922: 1918: 1915:This section 1913: 1910: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1879: 1869: 1867: 1861: 1851: 1842: 1840: 1833: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1809: 1805: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1778: 1776: 1770: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1723: 1721: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1694: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1580:situation at 1578: 1572: 1570: 1564: 1562: 1557: 1553: 1545: 1540: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1505: 1497: 1486: 1475: 1464: 1455: 1446: 1437: 1426: 1415: 1413: 1404: 1395: 1384: 1373: 1362: 1351: 1340: 1331: 1322: 1311: 1302: 1293: 1284: 1275: 1269: 1257: 1255: 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5055:Ashraf Ghani 5050:Hamid Karzai 5010:Faqir of Ipi 5000:Sartor Faqir 4975:Soraya Tarzi 4970:Mahmud Tarzi 4925:Mahmud Hotak 4890:Ibrahim Lodi 4844:Suri dynasty 4839:Lodi dynasty 4765:Ranjit Singh 4608: 4562: 4539: 4522: 4505: 4496: 4468: 4438: 4429: 4410: 4404: 4390: 4376: 4362: 4350:. 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BC 2140:256–125 BC 2130:305–180 BC 2120:312–150 BC 2110:330–312 BC 2100:550–330 BC 2090:728–550 BC 1978:sher-bacha 1866:Timur Shah 1775:Shuja Shah 1720:Zaman Shah 1680:Shah Murad 1577:Yaqut Khan 1552:Ahmad Shah 1519:Ahmad Shah 1347:EAST INDIA 1182:Vishwasrao 1008:Timur Shah 983:Hindu Kush 868:loya jirga 751:Alamgir II 723:Hindu Kush 650:, eastern 642:, much of 634:, and the 436:14 million 422:Population 212:Government 6027:Majduddin 6013:(Justice) 5707:Samastha 5557:Wahhabism 5401:Herat War 5359:conflicts 5080:Ali Wazir 5020:Wali Khan 5005:Umra Khan 4895:Gaju Khan 4831:Dynasties 4254:4 October 4209:25 August 4104:2 October 3978:25 August 3939:25 August 3796:25 August 3624:cite book 3568:. BRILL. 3544:25 August 3460:language. 3365:Like the 3359:10 August 3197:romanized 2763:Arachosia 2729:2004–2021 2714:2001–2004 2679:1996–2001 2669:1992–1996 2649:1978–1992 2629:1973–1978 2609:1926–1973 2589:1823–1926 2579:1818–1855 2569:1747–1823 2559:1738–1747 2549:1716–1732 2539:1709–1738 2529:1510–1709 2519:1501–1738 2494:1520–1591 2484:1370–1507 2474:1245–1381 2464:1256–1335 2460:Ilkhanate 2454:1224–1266 2444:1226–1245 2434:1219–1226 2424:1215–1231 2414:1037–1194 2370:Saffarids 2160:180–90 BC 1986:Qizilbash 1748:Qizilbash 1648:Qizilbash 1256:in 1819. 1078:Aurangzeb 941:from the 929:, c. 1757 883:and said 848:Afsharids 822:tribe of 814:In 1709, 727:Amu Darya 618:tribe of 610:, was an 602:, or the 390:June 1747 202:Religion 6423:Islamism 6421:Part of 5931:Khaksars 5886:movement 5880:Movement 5797:Pakistan 5767:Pakistan 5547:Islamism 5542:Deobandi 5525:Ideology 4581:Archived 4560:(1815). 4499:. Brill. 4346:Archived 4203:Archived 4098:Archived 3972:Archived 3933:Archived 3894:Archived 3833:8 August 3827:Archived 3732:Archived 3699:4 August 3693:Archived 3580:Archived 3538:Archived 3353:Archived 3313:4 August 3307:Archived 3099:Barakzai 3084:Taymanis 3031:Language 3011:Diaspora 2992:Pashtuns 2984:a series 2982:Part of 2929:Category 2803:Khorasan 2783:Gandhara 2724:politics 2625:Republic 2525:Safavids 2480:Timurids 2394:963–1187 2380:Samanids 2360:Tahirids 2350:Abbasids 2320:Umayyads 2262:Medieval 2038:Timeline 2010:a series 2008:Part of 2000:See also 1994:Zamburak 1971:Military 1742:and the 1676:Peshawar 1652:Kandahar 1644:Kandahar 1622:Coin of 1590:Kandahar 1586:Kandahar 1582:Kandahar 1561:Durranis 1544:Kandahar 1542:City of 1222:Amritsar 1206:Peshawar 1204:fort in 1138:Marathas 1096:was the 1086:Marathas 1082:Ahamdiya 951:Peshawar 780:and the 695:Peshawar 683:Kandahar 644:Pakistan 620:Pashtuns 432:• 162:Peshawar 149:Kandahar 5959:Leaders 5580:Taliban 5537:Barelvi 5291:Taliban 5090:Culture 4822:Pashtun 4514:4341271 4488:4219393 4460:Sources 4016:Panipat 4000:(ed.). 3738:31 July 3443:(ed.). 3400:8 March 3367:Kushans 3320:season. 3199:: 3186:Persian 3094:Durrani 3079:Karrani 3006:Culture 2853:Culture 2778:Bactria 2706:Interim 2605:Kingdom 2585:Emirate 2515:Mughals 2490:Arghuns 2470:Kartids 2410:Seljuks 2400:Ghurids 2384:875–999 2374:863–900 2364:821–873 2354:750–821 2344:750-977 2334:680–870 2330:Zunbils 2324:661–750 2314:660–842 2304:660–669 2294:652–661 2274:565–879 2249:484–711 2239:410–557 2229:380–560 2210:320–465 2200:230–651 2047:Ancient 1982:ghulams 1952:Britain 1884:Kashmir 1816:British 1688:Mashhad 1527:Sadozai 1495:KINGDOM 1433:DURRANI 1393:EMIRATE 1391:BUKHARA 1382:KHANATE 1369:OTTOMAN 1349:COMPANY 1318:MARATHA 1250:Kashmir 1242:Bukhara 1170:Bukhara 1158:Panipat 1134:Islamic 1092:, when 1090:Mughals 1029:Beijing 999:Turkmen 975:Mashhad 877:darwish 828:Safavid 800:History 739:Kashmir 711:Mashhad 703:Durrani 616:Durrani 396:• 192:Persian 142:Capital 71:Persian 6369:Events 5866:Others 5247:Groups 5113:Pashto 4732:Events 4656:Rulers 4546: 4531:409453 4529: 4512: 4486: 4476: 4445: 4417: 4195: 4090: 4063: 4036: 3964: 3925: 3886: 3856: 3802: 3763: 3724: 3685: 3651: 3572: 3505: 3451: 3391: 3345: 3299: 3178:Pashto 3036:Tribes 2818:Sistan 2773:Ariana 2507:Modern 2012:on the 1956:Russia 1820:Franco 1744:Alizai 1740:Nurzai 1672:Punjab 1664:Multan 1632:Lahore 1612:, and 1523:per se 1435:EMPIRE 1402:KOKAND 1371:EMPIRE 1360:EMPIRE 1338:MYSORE 1320:STATES 1238:Punjab 1178:Bhilsa 1124:, 1769 1098:Peshwa 1025:Kokand 1003:Lahore 991:Hazara 961:, the 943:Ghilji 939:Ghazni 863:Mughal 856:Persia 820:Ghilji 743:Punjab 717:under 699:Abdali 693:, and 687:Ghazni 671:Afghan 630:, the 622:under 612:Afghan 227: 186:Pashto 118:Status 67: 55:Pashto 51: 5669:India 5175:Poets 5165:Jirga 4292:: 131 4250:: 144 3608:(PDF) 3526:. In 3155:Notes 3089:Hotak 3064:Malwa 2741:since 2340:Lawik 1797:Kabul 1728:Sikhs 1660:Jihad 1656:Kabul 1594:Farah 1569:Herat 1556:Herat 1444:KALAT 1422:CHAM- 1412:Kumul 1380:KHIVA 1358:QAJAR 1329:NIZAM 1309:AWADH 1300:SIKHS 1215:Sikhs 1166:misls 1130:jihad 995:Uzbek 987:Tajik 959:Sindh 947:Kabul 902:jirga 894:jirga 881:jirga 873:jirga 691:Kabul 656:India 169:Herat 155:Kabul 4544:ISBN 4527:OCLC 4510:OCLC 4484:OCLC 4474:ISBN 4443:ISBN 4415:ISBN 4354:2021 4298:2021 4256:2021 4211:2010 4193:ISBN 4106:2022 4088:ISBN 4061:ISBN 4034:ISBN 3980:2010 3962:ISBN 3941:2010 3923:ISBN 3902:2021 3884:ISBN 3854:ISBN 3835:2012 3798:2010 3761:ISBN 3740:2021 3722:ISBN 3701:2021 3683:ISBN 3649:ISBN 3630:link 3616:2013 3588:2020 3570:ISBN 3546:2010 3503:ISBN 3449:ISBN 3402:2013 3389:ISBN 3361:2012 3343:ISBN 3315:2012 3297:ISBN 3021:Land 2883:Wars 2863:Name 2788:Iran 2768:Aria 2743:2021 2700:2001 2689:2001 2659:1990 2639:1978 2619:1973 2599:1929 1954:and 1493:SIAM 1484:VIET 1473:SEON 1282:1800 1226:Sikh 1200:The 1163:Sikh 1148:Mir 1132:(or 1102:Pune 1088:and 1072:The 949:and 937:and 836:Iran 648:Iran 598:The 413:1863 403:1839 223:Shah 108:Flag 4290:AAF 4248:AAF 3074:Sur 3001:Art 2216:Rob 1923:. 1654:to 1626:as 1482:DAI 1471:JO- 1064:to 888:it. 854:of 701:to 6445:: 4482:. 4318:^ 4288:. 4264:^ 4246:. 4219:^ 4201:. 4129:^ 4096:. 3970:. 3931:. 3892:. 3868:^ 3825:. 3819:. 3783:. 3730:. 3691:. 3657:. 3626:}} 3622:{{ 3578:. 3554:^ 3536:. 3457:. 3428:^ 3413:^ 3404:. 3363:. 3351:. 3327:^ 3317:. 3305:. 3291:. 3258:, 3250:; 3229:, 3221:; 3194:, 3188:: 3184:; 3180:: 2986:on 1967:. 1777:. 1608:, 1509:c. 1424:PA 1188:. 1152:. 997:, 993:, 989:, 858:. 796:. 689:, 685:, 5510:e 5503:t 5496:v 4814:e 4807:t 4800:v 4638:e 4631:t 4624:v 4552:. 4533:. 4516:. 4451:. 4423:. 4398:. 4384:. 4370:. 4356:. 4300:. 4258:. 4213:. 4108:. 4069:. 4042:. 4018:. 3982:. 3943:. 3904:. 3862:. 3837:. 3800:. 3769:. 3742:. 3703:. 3632:) 3618:. 3590:. 3548:. 3511:. 3487:. 3264:) 3244:( 3235:) 3215:( 3206:) 3176:( 3126:e 3119:t 3112:v 2968:e 2961:t 2954:v 2726:) 2722:( 2708:/ 1930:) 1926:( 1068:. 73:) 69:( 57:) 53:( 34:. 20:.

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