299:
Mu'awiya hoped to "extend his marriage alliance with Kalb indirectly to Himyar" through forging their genealogical links. Nonetheless, the Quda'a's claims of
Himyarite lineage was not endorsed by the Himyar or the Kalb in Syria during Mu'awiya's caliphate. Crone, on the other hand, considers the narratives about Amr ibn Murra to be "exceedingly doubtful"; she questions his biography, as he was held to have been an old man in Muhammad's time but lived well into Mu'awiya's caliphate, and suspects that he is mainly used in the early sources to advocate for the Himyarite descent of the Quda'a. She further notes that the Quda'a did not develop an interest in Himyarite descent until well after Mu'awiya's death in 680.
42:
513:, who belonged to the Quda'a, harmonized these seemingly contradictory claims by holding that Quda'a's mother, Mu'ana, was originally the wife of Malik ibn Amr ibn Murra ibn Malik ibn Himyar, and that she afterward wed Ma'add, bringing Quda'a with her; thus Quda'a became known as a son of Ma'add, albeit not a biological one. This tradition is also espoused by a later genealogist,
327:, suggesting that the Quda'a was remembered to have had South Arabian origins. However, as they were not part of the same seventh as the Himyar, the South Arabian tribe to which the Quda'a was traditionally held to have descended from, Crone considers the relevance of the Kufan genealogists who decided the Quda'a's tribal association as "uncertain".
377:
of Homs, which settled there during the Muslim conquest. According to Crone, the non-Quda'i tribes were essentially faced with the choice of joining or opposing the Quda'a, and the
Sufyanid period "was marked by intense discussion of possible genealogical realignments" among the tribes, including the
498:
The disputes over the Quda'a's origins elicited considerable debate among early
Islamic scholars, who invoked the purported opinions of Muhammad to favor either side, while others proposed "ingenious harmonizations" of Ma'addite and Himyarite ancestries for the tribe, according to Crone. Among the
298:
views the reports about Amr ibn Murra's
Himyarite advocacy as credible, and thus dates the efforts to link Quda'a with Himyar to Mu'awiya's rule. He speculates the efforts were politically advantageous for the Quda'a as the Himyarites formed a significant proportion of the troops in Egypt and that
187:
In the Arab genealogical tradition, the Arab tribes were generally divided into those with northern or southern
Arabian ancestors. The ancestral origins of the Quda'a are obscure, with the claims of the early genealogists being contradictory. The Quda'a were counted among the northern Arabian
283:(d. 790), Amr ibn Murra invoked a conversation he had with Muhammad in which the latter informed him that Quda'a stemmed from Himyar. Depending on the source, Amr ibn Murra's effort was supported by Mu'awiya or, alternatively, frowned upon by the caliph. The 8th-century genealogist
475:, encouraged the effort to disrupt tribal support for Marwan's progeny. The Quda'a's genealogical alignment with the Yaman was sealed by the favoritism shown to Qaysi troops in the Umayyad army invading the Byzantine Empire in 715–718 by Abd al-Malik's son, the prominent general
612:, a prominent tribe whose territory abutted the Juhayna's to the north, up to the borders of Syria. The played a prominent role in the conquest of Egypt, with most of the tribe's members in Syria being relocated there in the 640s. They were present in large numbers at Fustat,
271:, another major constituent tribe of the Quda'a. Amr ibn Murra urged his tribesmen in Egypt, which was conquered by the Muslim Arabs in the 640s, to join the Yamani, or South Arabian, tribes, and according to reports attributed to a late 7th-century source,
671:, a tribe whose territory neighbored that of the Quda'a tribes of Bali, Udhra and Kalb, the last of which was the traditional rival of the Balqayn. They are last mentioned as participants in inter-tribal fighting around Damascus in the late 8th century.
310:
of Iraq by Mu'awiya's governor there in 671. The Arab military settlers were organized into seven divisions based on their tribal origin. The soldiers who belonged to the Quda'a tribes were assigned to the same seventh as the South
Arabian tribes of
490:), to persuade the chiefs of Quda'a to change their genealogy. These efforts were condemned by the more pious men of the Quda'a, such as Nasr ibn Mazru, who viewed the renouncement of the Quda'a's ancestor Ma'add to be unconscionable.
807:'s reign, when the legendary figure of Himyar was likely the ultimate unifying figure for South Arabian descent, before the rise of Qahtan as this figure during Yazid's reign. Crone dismisses Madelung's theory as insufficient.
421:. While the Quda'a sought to preserve Umayyad rule, and thus their privileges, their tribal opponents in Syria, including the Qahtan, the Qays, and the Judham, threw in their lot with Ibn al-Zubayr and his ally in Damascus,
632:
tribes, contributing considerably to their
Arabization and Islamization. Part of the Bali had remained in Arabia, with some accepting Saudi rule, and other parts of the tribe taking refuge with the ousted Hashemites in
731:, Khawlan and Mahra are sometimes considered as part of Quda'a, but some genealogists dispute their association with the tribe. Over time, some tribes of Quda'a joined other confederations, took on a different
345:) caused consternation among the other tribal components in Syria. By this point, there were three major tribal confederations in Syria: the Quda'a, which had a strong presence in the central districts of
449:, during this period of raids and counter-raids between the Qays and the Kalb. The Ma'add confederacy in Syria was thus dissolved, and its constituents were merged with the Qahtan, i.e. the Yaman.
413:
in 683, followed weeks later by the death of his successor, Mu'awiya II, Yazid's son by a Kalbi woman, Umayyad rule had collapsed across the caliphate, in favor of the anti-Umayyad caliph
445:
to avenge their losses at Marj Rahit. According to the 8th-century Kalbi genealogists, Nasr ibn Mazru and al-Sharqi ibn Qutami, the Quda'a adopted
Himyarite descent as part of an
236:. The nobles of the Quda'a were granted yearly, inheritable stipends, as well as veto and consultation rights with the caliph. Under Mu'awiya's successor, his son with Maysun,
548:(western Arabia), giving them control over a large part of the caravan routes between Syria and Mecca. They played an important role, along with other Quda'a tribes, in the
526:
529:
offer the opposite narrative, namely that Mu'ana was originally the wife of Ma'add, with whom she had Quda'a, and then later married Malik ibn Amr of the Himyar.
287:
held that in response to Mu'awiya's order to ascertain the lineages of the Arab troops in Egypt, Amr ibn Murra proclaimed that Quda'a was a descendant of Himyar.
661:
area on the borderlands between Syria and the Hejaz. They were allies of the Jewish agriculturalists of that region and had close ties with the inhabitants of
586:, the strongest tribe of the Quda'a whose territory historically spanned the vast steppe between Iraq and Syria, the so-called Samawa, and including the
166:
which continued well after the
Umayyad era. In forging this alliance, the Quda'a's leaders genealogically realigned their descent to the South Arabian
1666:
291:, another companion of Muhammad from the Juhayna who settled in Egypt and was close to Mu'awiya, backed these claims, according to Ibn Lahi'a.
425:, taking control of Syria's districts except for Quda'a-controlled Jordan. The Quda'a and their tribal allies, including the Ghassan, Kinda,
1423:
394:, and the Kinda. At this time, the Quda'a in Syria still claimed Ma'addite descent, and sponsored efforts by the upstart Judham chief,
341:
The Quda'a's privileged position in the
Umayyad state during the Sufyanid period (661–684, i.e. the reigns of Mu'awiya I, Yazid I, and
1224:
624:, but were expelled by the Fatimids and moved southward with the Juhayna. Together the two Quda'a tribes mixed with the indigenous
606:. The Kalb remained a potent force in Syria through the 10th century, and retained influence around Damascus into the 11th century.
228:(661–680), as they were the foundation of his military strength. The alliance with Quda'a was sealed by Mu'awiya's marriage to
1572:
1522:
1487:
1296:
803:, thereby bypassing Himyar. Madelung interprets this as evidence that Quda'a's efforts to link with Himyar dated earlier, to
799:, instead of adopting the route of other Syrian nomadic tribes, which claimed descent from Qahtan through Himyar's brother,
1659:
580:, they became generally loyal subjects of the Saudi kingdom and play an important role in the development of their region.
643:, a smaller tribe which migrated from the Euphrates valley to the plains around Homs before the Muslim conquest of Syria.
509:('Father of Quda'a'), or that Muhammad explicitly stated Quda'a was a descendant of Himyar. The 8th-century genealogist,
1623:
1558:
1508:
1444:
1339:
665:. Some of their tribesmen migrated into Syria and a number served important positions under the Umayyad caliphs there.
564:
period (10th–12th centuries). These tribesmen went further south in the 14th century, gaining control over swathes of
1375:
1310:
212:
comments that it is "pointless to speculate where they may have originally come from". The Quda'a, as well as the
1652:
1533:
1322:
192:
tribes in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods. Ma'add had been attested as a tribal confederation in the
695:
in the 4th century and expanded further into northern Syria. They were charged with collecting taxes from the
2317:
1602:
568:
and eventually merging with tribes of the Sudan. The Juhayna who had remained in the Hejaz allied with the
442:
2240:
422:
208:
in the 630s, and since they and the wider Quda'a group had been present there for so long, the historian
796:
438:
302:
Links between the Quda'a and the South Arabian tribes were also demonstrated in the reorganization of
2312:
1606:
1549:
1495:
1427:
146:(661–750), the Quda'a occupied a privileged position in the administration and military. During the
1318:
1306:
1282:
1253:
549:
476:
453:
437:, as caliph and together routed the much larger army of their tribal rivals under al-Dahhak at the
205:
1288:
The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads
1845:
792:
594:
areas. After the Muslim conquest, they expanded their presence to Damascus and its environs, the
472:
410:
147:
634:
272:
163:
104:
572:, whilst retaining their tribal identity. They survived into the modern era, allying with the
479:, and the considerable investments by the wealthy governor of Iraq and the eastern Caliphate,
1470:
264:
138:
rule, through the 12th century, during the early Islamic era. Under the first caliphs of the
1385:
Crone, Patricia (1994). "Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties?".
369:
where the Quda'a lacked a foothold, and the Qahtan, which grouped the South Arabian Himyar,
174:, a move which elicited centuries-long debate and controversy among early Islamic scholars.
2288:
2276:
446:
336:
284:
155:
8:
471:, who had been in line to succeed Marwan until the latter replaced him with his own son,
2307:
1598:
1553:
1410:
1247:
1218:
398:, to persuade his tribesmen and their affiliates to endorse descent from the Ma'addite
229:
52:
1633:
1568:
1518:
1454:
1414:
1402:
1371:
1349:
1292:
225:
143:
1828:
1788:
1676:
1582:
1541:
1394:
780:
468:
441:
in 684. Umayyad rule was quickly reasserted across Syria, but the Qays commenced a
295:
233:
135:
2210:
1896:
1537:
1365:
1286:
712:
591:
514:
480:
95:
2215:
1874:
1724:
1618:
1614:
1545:
1503:
1491:
1439:
1435:
1361:
1334:
1326:
784:
701:
678:
501:
430:
403:
395:
366:
346:
342:
209:
201:
127:
66:
2301:
1965:
1950:
1927:
1864:
1833:
1803:
1739:
1637:
1610:
1499:
1458:
1431:
1406:
1398:
1353:
1330:
1314:
804:
752:
599:
595:
577:
521:
was an epithet meaning 'leopard' and his actual name was Amr. The historians
464:
414:
391:
374:
316:
288:
280:
221:
213:
193:
139:
196:
as early as the 4th century. One of the prominent tribes of the Quda'a, the
2235:
2183:
2178:
2156:
2132:
2110:
2090:
2071:
2056:
2032:
2022:
1982:
1793:
1771:
1749:
1699:
1466:
756:
692:
658:
609:
522:
510:
426:
406:
opted for lineage from Qahtan in alliance with the South Arabians of Homs.
350:
256:
151:
2141:
2095:
2061:
2012:
1992:
1935:
1918:
1891:
1879:
1855:
1850:
1823:
1798:
1783:
1704:
1644:
625:
587:
557:
370:
324:
217:
787:
question that Quda'a would genealogically subordinate themselves to the
674:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2146:
2127:
2115:
2105:
2066:
2027:
2007:
1940:
1903:
1729:
788:
720:
654:
573:
358:
255:
According to several early Islamic sources, the first figure to claim
41:
2257:
2247:
2198:
2173:
2163:
2100:
2002:
1913:
1908:
1813:
1761:
1719:
732:
708:
687:
640:
583:
399:
354:
260:
197:
189:
171:
119:
33:
29:
1685:
These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Bani, Banu.
576:, descendants of the Alids, but after the latter were ousted by the
2203:
2193:
2078:
2051:
2017:
1987:
1960:
1886:
1744:
1709:
1694:
696:
434:
2262:
2122:
2085:
2039:
1955:
1945:
1869:
768:
668:
662:
629:
603:
561:
544:, a prominent tribe whose territory spanned the northern central
541:
268:
237:
1047:
1045:
2271:
2151:
1997:
1970:
1840:
1818:
1808:
1778:
1114:
800:
764:
728:
682:
621:
613:
553:
379:
320:
167:
131:
123:
993:
991:
888:
886:
884:
882:
825:
823:
433:, nominated an Umayyad from a different branch of the family,
1977:
1766:
1756:
1714:
1585:(1986). "Apocalyptic Prophecies in Ḥimṣ in the Umayyad Age".
1213:] (in 233). Antiques & Collectibles. pp. 42–272.
1042:
617:
569:
565:
545:
418:
387:
383:
307:
361:
and Kinda, the more recent northern Arabian arrivals of the
177:
2252:
2188:
2046:
988:
879:
857:
855:
820:
760:
716:
677:, a tribe historically concentrated in Wadi Sirhan and the
649:
362:
303:
276:
159:
115:
932:
1734:
1174:
1150:
1126:
978:
976:
974:
949:
947:
905:
903:
901:
719:
Governorates before migrating all over Arabia especially
402:
tribe, while the bulk of the tribe under the elder chief
312:
1291:. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
1138:
852:
1162:
1069:
763:
formed an alliance based around the unifying figure of
330:
250:
1081:
1030:
1018:
1008:
1006:
971:
959:
944:
898:
1367:
Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity
1260:
922:
920:
918:
842:
840:
838:
723:, where they own a considerable amount of territory.
109:
1211:
Bisha Governorate: Studies, additions, and comments
1186:
1093:
1057:
1003:
915:
867:
835:
499:alleged utterances of Muhammad were that Ma'add's
2299:
1465:
1120:
892:
829:
1660:
795:period, when they had just defeated them at
216:tribe, occupied a privileged position under
1281:
861:
247:), the Quda'a maintained their privileges.
170:, discarding their north Arabian ancestor,
158:faction in opposition to their rivals, the
134:, from at least the 4th century CE, during
1674:
1667:
1653:
1624:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1559:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1509:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1445:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1340:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
657:, a tribe historically established in the
357:where they were allied with the tribes of
40:
1632:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 819–820.
1567:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 773–774.
1517:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 315–318.
1453:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 493–494.
1370:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
767:as a shared ancestor during the reign of
178:Genealogical origins and tribal alignment
1581:
1305:
1168:
1075:
997:
953:
938:
909:
2300:
1531:
1485:
1393:(1). Walter de Gruyter and Co.: 1–57.
1266:
1207:محافظة بيشة: دراسات، وإضافات، وتعليقات
1180:
1156:
1132:
263:descent for the Quda'a was a supposed
1648:
1471:"Notes on Caskel's Ğamharat an-Nasab"
1421:
1384:
1360:
1223:: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (
1144:
1099:
1087:
1063:
1051:
1036:
1024:
1012:
982:
965:
926:
873:
846:
1597:
1348:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 938.
1192:
537:The sub-tribes of the Quda'a were:
331:Consolidation of Quda'a–Himyar union
251:Initial attempts to link with Himyar
1238:Toy, Barbara (September 30, 2009).
1237:
1231:
1198:
735:and changed their tribal identity.
556:. The Juhayna of Egypt migrated to
99:
13:
467:dates it to the 690s. Yazid's son
365:, who were mainly concentrated in
14:
2329:
1204:
517:(d. 940), who further notes that
456:dates the Quda'i–Yamani union to
154:and other tribes in Syria as the
126:, mainly concentrated throughout
685:. They became the dominant Arab
443:series of raids against the Kalb
162:confederation, in what became a
1424:"Kalb b. Wabara—Islamic Period"
1275:
1105:
774:
745:
485:
447:alliance with the Yamani tribes
242:
164:rivalry for power and influence
118:tribes, including the powerful
493:
224:(639–661) and his Syria-based
1:
1242:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 58–59.
814:
711:, a tribe that inhabited the
532:
457:
182:
1240:Travelling the Incense Route
390:in the southern district of
16:Confederation of Arab tribes
7:
751:According to the historian
423:al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri
150:(683–692) they allied with
110:
10:
2334:
1587:Journal of Semitic Studies
1121:Kister & Plessner 1976
893:Kister & Plessner 1976
830:Kister & Plessner 1976
334:
114:) were a confederation of
2285:
1690:
1683:
1283:Blankinship, Khalid Yahya
552:in the 640s, settling in
409:When Yazid died amid the
80:
72:
61:
51:
39:
28:
21:
1399:10.1515/islm.1994.71.1.1
738:
550:Muslim conquest of Egypt
454:Khalid Yahya Blankinship
234:Kalb's leading household
1469:; Plessner, M. (1976).
1111:Ibn Abd Rabbih, p. 275.
1054:, p. 47, note 255.
793:Second Muslim Civil War
646:Khushayn, a minor tribe
411:Second Muslim Civil War
306:, one of the two chief
267:, Amr ibn Murra of the
148:Second Muslim Civil War
1486:Kister, M. J. (1986).
527:Abu'l-Baqa Hibat Allah
463:, while the historian
273:Isa ibn Talha al-Taymi
200:, had been present in
1422:Dixon, A. A. (1978).
1205:Jiris, Ghaythan Bin.
265:companion of Muhammad
204:centuries before the
84:Paganism, later Islam
65:Northwestern Arabia,
2318:Tribal confederacies
1252:: CS1 maint: year (
699:seeking to dwell in
439:Battle of Marj Rahit
337:Yaman (tribal group)
285:al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar
2241:Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat
1599:Watt, W. Montgomery
1532:Lecker, M. (2000).
1183:, pp. 773–774.
1159:, pp. 317–318.
1147:, pp. 492–494.
1135:, pp. 315–317.
1000:, pp. 181–182.
941:, pp. 182–183.
759:tribal settlers of
308:Arab garrison towns
220:'s governorship of
1846:Bakr ibn Abd Manat
1323:Lévi-Provençal, E.
378:brother tribes of
230:Maysun bint Bahdal
46:The flag of Quda'a
2295:
2294:
1583:Madelung, Wilferd
1574:978-90-04-11211-7
1524:978-90-04-07819-2
1298:978-0-7914-1827-7
1123:, pp. 56–57.
1090:, pp. 47–48.
1039:, pp. 45–47.
1027:, pp. 34–35.
985:, pp. 44–46.
968:, pp. 46–47.
505:(paedynomic) was
226:Umayyad Caliphate
144:Umayyad Caliphate
130:and northwestern
108:
88:
87:
2325:
2313:Tribes of Arabia
1669:
1662:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1594:
1578:
1554:Heinrichs, W. P.
1528:
1482:
1462:
1418:
1381:
1357:
1302:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1214:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1001:
995:
986:
980:
969:
963:
957:
951:
942:
936:
930:
924:
913:
907:
896:
890:
877:
871:
865:
862:Blankinship 1994
859:
850:
844:
833:
827:
808:
778:
772:
749:
489:
487:
462:
459:
296:Wilferd Madelung
246:
244:
113:
103:
101:
44:
19:
18:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2281:
1686:
1679:
1673:
1619:Bosworth, C. E.
1575:
1546:Bosworth, C. E.
1525:
1492:Bosworth, C. E.
1440:Bosworth, C. E.
1378:
1362:Crone, Patricia
1307:Bosworth, C. E.
1299:
1278:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1216:
1215:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1004:
996:
989:
981:
972:
964:
960:
952:
945:
937:
933:
925:
916:
908:
899:
891:
880:
872:
868:
860:
853:
845:
836:
828:
821:
817:
812:
811:
779:
775:
750:
746:
741:
592:Dumat al-Jandal
535:
515:Ibn Abd Rabbihi
496:
484:
481:Khalid al-Qasri
460:
339:
333:
253:
241:
206:advent of Islam
185:
180:
47:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2331:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2293:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2098:
2093:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2003:Bakr ibn Wa'il
2000:
1995:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1607:van Donzel, E.
1595:
1579:
1573:
1550:van Donzel, E.
1538:Bearman, P. J.
1529:
1523:
1496:van Donzel, E.
1483:
1463:
1428:van Donzel, E.
1419:
1382:
1376:
1358:
1319:Kramers, J. H.
1315:Gibb, H. A. R.
1303:
1297:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1269:, p. 315.
1259:
1230:
1197:
1195:, p. 820.
1185:
1173:
1171:, p. 938.
1161:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1104:
1092:
1080:
1078:, p. 181.
1068:
1056:
1041:
1029:
1017:
1002:
987:
970:
958:
956:, p. 183.
943:
931:
914:
912:, p. 182.
897:
878:
866:
851:
834:
818:
816:
813:
810:
809:
773:
743:
742:
740:
737:
727:The tribes of
725:
724:
706:
702:Limes Arabicus
672:
666:
652:
647:
644:
638:
607:
581:
534:
531:
495:
492:
488: 724–738
452:The historian
404:Natil ibn Qays
396:Rawh ibn Zinba
367:northern Syria
332:
329:
315:, Hadhramawt,
294:The historian
252:
249:
245: 680–683
210:Patricia Crone
184:
181:
179:
176:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
74:
73:Descended from
70:
69:
63:
59:
58:
55:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2330:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2091:Sa'd ibn Nasr
2089:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:Banu al-Hakam
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:Bianquis, Th.
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1467:Kister, M. J.
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1377:0-521-52940-9
1373:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1268:
1263:
1255:
1249:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1169:Bosworth 1960
1165:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1141:
1134:
1129:
1122:
1117:
1108:
1102:, p. 48.
1101:
1096:
1089:
1084:
1077:
1076:Madelung 1986
1072:
1066:, p. 35.
1065:
1060:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1015:, p. 34.
1014:
1009:
1007:
999:
998:Madelung 1986
994:
992:
984:
979:
977:
975:
967:
962:
955:
954:Madelung 1986
950:
948:
940:
939:Madelung 1986
935:
929:, p. 47.
928:
923:
921:
919:
911:
910:Madelung 1986
906:
904:
902:
895:, p. 57.
894:
889:
887:
885:
883:
876:, p. 44.
875:
870:
864:, p. 50.
863:
858:
856:
849:, p. 46.
848:
843:
841:
839:
832:, p. 56.
831:
826:
824:
819:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:South Arabian
754:
753:Werner Caskel
748:
744:
736:
734:
730:
722:
718:
714:
710:
707:
704:
703:
698:
694:
690:
689:
684:
680:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
660:
656:
653:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
608:
605:
601:
600:Jordan Valley
597:
596:Golan Heights
593:
589:
585:
582:
579:
578:House of Saud
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
540:
539:
538:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:
491:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:Werner Caskel
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:Ibn al-Zubayr
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
338:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
305:
300:
297:
292:
290:
289:Uqba ibn Amir
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:South Arabian
248:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:Islamic Syria
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
194:Syrian Desert
191:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:South Arabian
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
106:
97:
93:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
54:
50:
43:
38:
35:
31:
27:
20:
2168:
2033:Banu Yashkur
1629:
1622:
1590:
1586:
1564:
1557:
1514:
1507:
1478:
1474:
1450:
1443:
1390:
1386:
1366:
1345:
1338:
1287:
1276:Bibliography
1262:
1239:
1233:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1116:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1032:
1020:
961:
934:
869:
776:
747:
726:
700:
693:Roman Empire
686:
659:Wadi al-Qura
598:, the upper
536:
523:al-Baladhuri
518:
511:Ibn al-Kalbi
506:
500:
497:
473:Abd al-Malik
451:
408:
340:
301:
293:
254:
186:
91:
89:
2289:Arab tribes
1993:Abd al-Qays
1677:Arab tribes
1675:Historical
1615:Pellat, Ch.
1504:Pellat, Ch.
1436:Pellat, Ch.
1335:Pellat, Ch.
1327:Schacht, J.
1267:Kister 1986
1181:Lecker 2000
1157:Kister 1986
1133:Kister 1986
791:during the
635:Transjordan
602:, Homs and
588:Wadi Sirhan
560:during the
558:Upper Egypt
494:Controversy
343:Mu'awiya II
22:Banu Quda'a
2302:Categories
2211:al-Samayda
2028:Taym Allah
2008:Banu Dhuhl
1628:Volume IV:
1449:Volume IV:
1145:Dixon 1978
1100:Crone 1994
1088:Crone 1994
1064:Crone 1980
1052:Crone 1994
1037:Crone 1994
1025:Crone 1980
1013:Crone 1980
983:Crone 1994
966:Crone 1994
927:Crone 1994
874:Crone 1994
847:Crone 1994
815:References
805:Mu'awiya I
797:Marj Rahit
789:Himyarites
721:Hadhramaut
681:region of
574:Hashemites
533:Sub-tribes
507:Abū Quḍāʿa
461: 685
335:See also:
281:Ibn Lahi'a
275:, and the
183:Background
24:بنو قضاعة
1875:Abd-Shams
1814:Banu Kanz
1720:Banu Asad
1638:758278456
1611:Lewis, B.
1603:"Al-Kayn"
1563:Volume X:
1513:Volume V:
1500:Lewis, B.
1459:758278456
1432:Lewis, B.
1415:154370527
1407:0021-1818
1387:Der Islam
1354:495469456
1344:Volume I:
1331:Lewis, B.
1248:cite book
1219:cite book
1193:Watt 1978
688:foederati
392:Palestine
313:Azd Sarat
279:of Egypt
261:Himyarite
198:Banu Kalb
136:Byzantine
105:romanized
57:Al-Quḍāʿī
34:Himyarite
30:Ma'addite
2287:Part of
2194:Juhaynah
2072:Tha'laba
2052:Ghatafan
1834:Mustaliq
1824:Khath'am
1789:Al-Haram
1710:Banu Amr
1630:Iran–Kha
1621:(eds.).
1601:(1978).
1556:(eds.).
1534:"ʿUdhra"
1515:Khe–Mahi
1506:(eds.).
1488:"Kuḍāʿa"
1481:: 48–68.
1451:Iran–Kha
1442:(eds.).
1364:(1980).
1337:(eds.).
1311:"Bahrāʾ"
1309:(1960).
1285:(1994).
781:Madelung
733:pedigree
697:Bedouins
435:Marwan I
351:Damascus
325:Khath'am
218:Mu'awiya
81:Religion
62:Location
2263:Al Fadl
2236:Hanzala
2184:Balqayn
2157:Muharib
2133:Qushayr
2123:Khafaja
2086:Hawazin
2057:Dhubyan
2040:Taghlib
2023:Shayban
1983:Muzayna
1946:Madhhaj
1932:Khuthir
1870:Quraysh
1865:Jadhima
1829:Khuza'a
1794:Hudhayl
1750:Khazraj
769:Yazid I
691:of the
669:Balqayn
663:Yathrib
630:Baqqara
604:Palmyra
562:Fatimid
542:Juhayna
477:Maslama
359:Ghassan
269:Juhayna
238:Yazid I
232:of the
142:-based
107::
2308:Quda'a
2272:Thamud
2258:Jarrah
2248:Tanukh
2216:Sa'ida
2174:Bahra'
2169:Quda'a
2152:Bahila
2142:Sulaym
2096:Thaqif
2062:Fazara
2013:Hanifa
1998:Anizah
1988:Rabi'a
1971:Zubaid
1936:Lihyan
1892:Hashim
1880:Umayya
1856:Ghifar
1851:Damrah
1841:Kinana
1819:Kahlan
1809:Jurhum
1799:Judham
1784:Hamdan
1779:Bajila
1772:Zahran
1725:Ash'ar
1636:
1617:&
1571:
1552:&
1521:
1502:&
1475:Oriens
1457:
1438:&
1413:
1405:
1374:
1352:
1333:&
1295:
801:Kahlan
765:Qahtan
755:, the
729:Tanukh
713:Najran
683:Jordan
641:Bahra'
622:Ushmun
614:Akhmim
554:Fustat
519:Quda'a
469:Khalid
431:Ash'ar
380:Judham
371:Hamdan
347:Jordan
321:Bajila
190:Ma'add
172:Ma'add
168:Himyar
132:Arabia
124:Tanukh
111:Quḍāʿa
96:Arabic
92:Quda'a
76:Quda'a
2277:Yaman
2231:Tamim
2226:Shuja
2221:Shehr
2204:Salih
2164:Qedar
2147:Ghani
2128:Kilab
2116:Uqayl
2106:Hilal
2067:Murra
1978:Maqil
1966:Nukha
1941:Lakhm
1928:Kinda
1919:Zuhra
1904:Jumah
1897:Abbas
1804:Ju'fa
1767:Ghamd
1757:Bariq
1740:Ansar
1730:Aslam
1715:Anmar
1705:Amila
1605:. In
1536:. In
1490:. In
1426:. In
1411:S2CID
1313:. In
1209:[
785:Crone
739:Notes
679:Balqa
675:Salīḥ
655:Udhra
618:Asyut
570:Alids
566:Nubia
546:Hejaz
502:kunya
419:Mecca
388:Amila
384:Lakhm
375:Ansar
317:Kinda
214:Kinda
202:Syria
156:Yaman
140:Syria
128:Syria
100:قضاعة
67:Syria
53:Nisba
2253:Tayy
2199:Kalb
2189:Jarm
2179:Bali
2111:Ka'b
2101:Amir
2047:Qays
1914:Taym
1909:Sahm
1762:Daws
1634:OCLC
1593:(2).
1569:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1455:OCLC
1403:ISSN
1372:ISBN
1350:OCLC
1293:ISBN
1254:link
1225:link
783:and
761:Homs
717:Abha
715:and
709:Nahd
650:Jarm
628:and
626:Beja
620:and
610:Bali
590:and
584:Kalb
525:and
429:and
400:Asad
386:and
373:and
363:Qays
355:Hims
353:and
323:and
304:Kufa
277:qadi
160:Qays
122:and
120:Kalb
116:Arab
90:The
2079:Abs
2018:Ijl
1961:Awd
1956:Ans
1887:Adi
1745:Aws
1735:Azd
1700:Akk
1695:ʿĀd
1565:T–U
1395:doi
1346:A–B
427:Akk
417:of
32:or
2304::
1626:.
1613:;
1609:;
1591:31
1589:.
1561:.
1548:;
1544:;
1540:;
1511:.
1498:;
1494:;
1479:25
1477:.
1473:.
1447:.
1434:;
1430:;
1409:.
1401:.
1391:71
1389:.
1342:.
1329:;
1325:;
1321:;
1317:;
1250:}}
1246:{{
1221:}}
1217:{{
1044:^
1005:^
990:^
973:^
946:^
917:^
900:^
881:^
854:^
837:^
822:^
616:,
486:r.
458:c.
382:,
349:,
319:,
259:,
243:r.
102:,
98::
1668:e
1661:t
1654:v
1640:.
1577:.
1527:.
1461:.
1417:.
1397::
1380:.
1356:.
1301:.
1256:)
1227:)
771:.
705:.
637:.
483:(
240:(
94:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
