483:
61:
1823:(196–231), who led them into what is now Iraq and Syria, and after skirmishing with other tribes in the area, he controlled all of Jordan, and parts of Iraq, he was succeeded by his brother 'Amr ibn Fahm who reigned for a short period, and after him
1835:, because Jadhima had no sons, thus establishing the Lakhmid dynasty. Other Tanukhids settled in Syria. 'Amr ibn 'Adi is claimed in the Arab legends to have been the sole victor in the war against
1919:, and by the 4th century they were described as having a "fanatic zeal for Christianity" and were "zealous Christian soldiers" in the 6th century. In the 7th century, during the
1797:
1904:. A truce was struck and was respected for a time, with Mavia even sending a fleet of cavalry in response to Roman requests for assistance in staving off an attack by the
3186:
347:
333:
308:
294:
1965:. In the 14th century, the central parts of Mount Lebanon were described as a Tanukhid stronghold, housing both Druze and Shiite Muslims. Members of the Tanukhids in
3181:
1819:
where
Tanukhids were settling. The Azdies allied with the Tanukhids, becoming part of the confederation. The two sheikhs (tribal leaders) gave up the rule to
1790:
2388:
1820:
1843:, but these myths "are probably an amalgam of fact and fiction." It is clear, however, that the Tanukhids played a key role in the defeat of
1783:
3041:
3196:
2117:
The
Tanukhids (whose territory spread from southwestern Iraq to southern Syria) were known for their devotion to Saint Thomas...
2381:
1946:), after which they appear as Muslims. Their conversion to Islam is believed to have been forced upon them by al-Mahdi.
3216:
3206:
30:
This article is about the Arab tribe. For the branch of this tribe in Mount
Lebanon commonly known as the Tanukh, see
2343:
2293:
2266:
2241:
2216:
2176:
2138:
2110:
2081:
2046:
2026:
3034:
2191:
2363:(Washington: Dumbarton Oaks) 1984. The opening volume of Shahîd's multi-volume history of Byzantium and the Arabs.
2192:
Hamilton
Alexander Rosskeen Gibb; Bernard Lewis; Johannes Hendrik Kramers; Charles Pellat; Joseph Schacht (1998).
1973:, a prominent 15th century Druze theologian and commentator; and Muhammad bin al-Muwaffaq al-Tanukhi, an emir and
3176:
2374:
749:
3221:
1927:. After Yarmouk, their status as foederati ended. They were described as an "autonomous Christian community in
1429:
92:
3191:
3019:
1920:
994:
446:
in Syria. The ancient Tanukh tribal confederation was largely taken over by several branches of the large
3226:
3171:
3027:
2962:
1957:, when most of them accepted and adopted the new message, due to their leadership's close ties with then
924:
3075:
1915:
The
Tanukhids were Christianised in the 3rd or 4th centuries, likely while in the eastern half of the
3201:
2074:
The
Politics and Culture of an Umayyad Tribe: Conflict and Factionalism in the Early Islamic Period
1673:
3115:
2567:
1419:
3110:
1524:
1469:
389:
17:
1974:
1962:
1514:
1484:
3211:
3135:
3010:
2998:
1970:
1658:
1539:
8:
3120:
3100:
1815:
In the late 2nd century, a branch of the tribe of Azd, from
Southern Arabia, migrated to
1748:
759:
190:
1064:
3166:
3145:
3050:
1889:
1454:
1219:
1104:
964:
689:
624:
1044:
3130:
2339:
2289:
2262:
2237:
2212:
2172:
2134:
2106:
2077:
2042:
2022:
1958:
1932:
1924:
1824:
1564:
1409:
1014:
654:
644:
634:
519:
194:
2041:
Ball, Warwick (2001), Rome in the East: The
Transformation of an Empire, Routledge,
3054:
2550:
2510:
2398:
1954:
1916:
1840:
1718:
1714:
1703:
1684:
1349:
1329:
1309:
1229:
1024:
904:
829:
819:
769:
699:
599:
549:
3085:
2932:
2618:
2283:
2016:
1828:
1654:
1624:
1389:
1379:
1289:
1269:
1159:
1094:
1054:
1034:
944:
869:
859:
849:
809:
779:
719:
709:
589:
539:
467:
380:
368:
462:. During the 8th and 9th centuries, the Tanukhid strongholds were the cities of
3140:
3105:
2937:
2596:
2446:
2168:
2102:
1865:
1827:
reigned (233–268). After
Jadhima's death, he was succeeded by his sister's son
1729:
1639:
1583:
1359:
1249:
1179:
879:
299:
3049:
3160:
2687:
2672:
2649:
2586:
2555:
2525:
2461:
1966:
1928:
1923:, the Tanukhids fought with the Romans against the Muslims, including in the
1897:
1869:
1854:
In the 4th century AD, the
Tanukhids became the first Arab tribe to serve as
1816:
1609:
1114:
974:
247:
482:
2957:
2905:
2900:
2878:
2854:
2832:
2812:
2793:
2778:
2754:
2744:
2704:
2515:
2493:
2471:
2421:
1909:
1885:
1861:
1613:
1084:
839:
435:
96:
2361:
Rome and the Arabs: a Prolegomenon to the Study of Byzantium and the Arabs
2863:
2817:
2783:
2734:
2714:
2657:
2640:
2613:
2601:
2577:
2572:
2545:
2520:
2505:
2426:
2366:
1986:
1893:
1473:
1239:
1149:
934:
789:
739:
455:
313:
176:
104:
2099:
The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective
2952:
2947:
2942:
2868:
2849:
2837:
2827:
2788:
2749:
2729:
2662:
2625:
2451:
1759:
1399:
1369:
1199:
1004:
569:
3070:
3065:
2979:
2920:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2822:
2724:
2635:
2630:
2535:
2483:
2441:
2335:
1950:
1877:
1856:
1744:
1699:
1669:
1594:
1579:
984:
954:
799:
499:
463:
451:
71:
31:
2407:
These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Bani, Banu.
2310:
454:
tribes. Their main base during the time of their most famous ruler,
3125:
2925:
2915:
2800:
2773:
2739:
2709:
2682:
2608:
2466:
2431:
2416:
1936:
1848:
1832:
1528:
1299:
1259:
1209:
1169:
1074:
729:
679:
579:
431:
419:
340:
326:
418:) were a confederation of Arab tribes, sometimes characterized as
3080:
2984:
2844:
2807:
2761:
2677:
2667:
2591:
1896:, with many monasteries associated with the tribe. In 378, their
1844:
1836:
1688:
1598:
1568:
1503:
1339:
1319:
1279:
1189:
1124:
914:
529:
111:
3090:
2993:
2873:
2719:
2692:
2562:
2540:
2530:
2500:
2211:(illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 430.
2133:(illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 134.
1996:
1901:
1873:
1763:
1643:
1499:
509:
459:
443:
439:
423:
2209:
Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 2, Part 2
2131:
Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 2, Part 2
2699:
2488:
2478:
2436:
2261:(illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 46.
1905:
1884:
a century earlier. They are reported to have been devoted to
1881:
1733:
1488:
1458:
427:
100:
60:
2018:
The Druzes: A New Study of Their History, Faith, and Society
3095:
2974:
2910:
2768:
1628:
2234:
Polyphonia Byzantina: Studies in Honour of Willem J. Aerts
2456:
2021:(2nd ed.). Leiden and New York: Brill. p. 127.
1991:
1912:, with the Tanukhids again revolting against Roman rule.
447:
2096:
2194:
The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume 10, Parts 163-178
413:
394:
1872:, areas into which they had migrated from southern
3187:States and territories disestablished in the 1100s
2332:Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire
3158:
2285:حملات كسروان في التاريخ السياسي لفتاوى ابن تيمية
3182:States and territories established in the 190s
2256:
2231:
2071:
3035:
2382:
2165:Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fourth Century
1791:
434:and Tanukhid inscriptions have been found at
2206:
2162:
2128:
422:. They first rose to prominence in northern
404:
44:
2014:
3042:
3028:
2396:
2389:
2375:
1798:
1784:
59:
2288:. المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات.
14:
3159:
2302:
2282:Barut, Mohammed Jamal (January 2017).
3023:
2370:
2281:
1900:led them in a revolt against Emperor
2329:
476:Historical Arab states and dynasties
2147:
405:
384:
372:
45:
24:
2353:
2308:
216:• Conversion to Christianity
25:
3238:
2167:(illustrated, reprint ed.).
3197:History of the Arabian Peninsula
897:Western dynasties and caliphates
481:
345:
331:
306:
292:
2322:
2275:
2250:
2225:
2200:
2015:Abu Izzedin, Nejla M. (1993) .
1977:who lived in the 13th century.
1941:
1864:. Their territory spanned from
2257:William Harris (19 Jul 2012).
2236:. Egbert Forsten. p. 70.
2185:
2156:
2122:
2097:Gabriel Said Reynolds (2012).
2090:
2072:Mohammad Rihan (30 May 2014).
2065:
2060:Zenobia: Palmyra's Rebel Queen
2052:
2035:
2008:
1908:. The alliance crumbled under
13:
1:
2002:
1921:Muslim conquest of the Levant
226:• Revolt of Queen Mavia
2259:Lebanon: A History, 600-2011
1931:" up until the reign of the
430:in the 2nd century CE. Both
27:Confederation of Arab tribes
7:
2163:Irfan Shahîd (1 Jan 1984).
1980:
617:Arab empires and caliphates
414:
395:
236:• Conversion to Islam
10:
3243:
2076:. I.B.Tauris. p. 43.
2062:, Continuum, London, p.108
1955:Druze community in Lebanon
1951:Tanukhids of Mount Lebanon
1810:
29:
3217:Arabs in the Roman Empire
3207:Late Roman military units
3061:
3007:
2412:
2405:
1949:In the 11th century, the
271:
267:
257:
244:
234:
224:
214:
204:
200:
186:
182:
170:
160:
150:
140:
136:
128:
120:
110:
88:
80:
67:
58:
53:
39:
2196:. Brill. pp. 191–2.
925:Umayyad state of Córdoba
3053:established around the
2232:Lia van Midden (1993).
3177:1100 disestablishments
2330:Ball, Warwick (2001),
2153:Ball, 2001, pp. 97-102
259:• Disestablished
3222:Former confederations
2312:Dhayl Mir'at Al Zaman
2207:Irfan Shahid (2010).
2171:. pp. 419, 422.
2129:Irfan Shahid (2010).
1963:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
1847:'s forces by Emperor
1515:Sultanate of Zanzibar
1430:Mutawakkilite Kingdom
81:Common languages
3192:Ancient Arab peoples
3111:Kingdom of the Aurès
3071:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
2309:Yunini, Abu'l-Fath.
2058:Southern, P. (2008)
1971:Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi
1868:in the north to the
162:• Until 375 AD
3121:Ostrogothic kingdom
2963:Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat
492:Ancient Arab states
206:• Established
3227:Barbarian kingdoms
3172:196 establishments
3146:Visigothic kingdom
3106:Kingdom of Odoacer
3076:Burgundian kingdom
3066:Alamannian kingdom
3051:Barbarian kingdoms
2568:Bakr ibn Abd Manat
1890:Thomas the Apostle
1876:after the rise of
1557:Current monarchies
1220:Sharifate of Mecca
690:Emirate of Tbilisi
680:Emirate of Armenia
530:Kingdom of Osroene
220:3rd or 4th century
172:• 375–425 AD
152:• 233–268 AD
142:• 196–231 AD
3154:
3153:
3131:Sub-Roman Britain
3101:Kingdom of Altava
3017:
3016:
1925:Battle of Yarmouk
1825:Jadhima ibn Malik
1808:
1807:
1773:
1772:
1548:
1547:
1540:Tippu Tip's State
1438:
1437:
1410:Emirate of Beihan
1142:Arabian Peninsula
1133:
1132:
888:
887:
672:Eastern dynasties
663:
662:
608:
607:
520:Nabataean Kingdom
510:Kingdom of Lihyan
412:
393:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
352:
319:
318:
195:Early Middle Ages
156:Jadhima ibn Malik
76:
16:(Redirected from
3234:
3202:Late Roman Syria
3081:Frankish kingdom
3055:Migration Period
3044:
3037:
3030:
3021:
3020:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2348:
2317:
2316:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2069:
2063:
2056:
2050:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2012:
1953:inaugurated the
1945:
1943:
1917:fertile crescent
1860:(allies) in the
1841:Palmyrene Empire
1800:
1793:
1786:
1561:
1560:
1525:Nabahani dynasty
1470:Nabahani dynasty
1455:Makhzumi dynasty
1451:
1450:
1146:
1145:
901:
900:
700:Emirate of Crete
676:
675:
621:
620:
600:Kingdom of Kinda
550:Kingdom of Hatra
500:Kingdom of Qedar
496:
495:
485:
473:
472:
417:
410:
408:
407:
398:
388:
386:
374:
349:
348:
335:
334:
323:
322:
310:
309:
296:
295:
289:
288:
273:
272:
74:
63:
48:
47:
37:
36:
21:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3136:Suebian kingdom
3116:Lombard kingdom
3086:Frisian kingdom
3057:
3048:
3018:
3013:
3003:
2408:
2401:
2395:
2356:
2354:Further reading
2351:
2346:
2325:
2320:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2205:
2201:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2070:
2066:
2057:
2053:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1983:
1940:
1813:
1804:
1775:
1774:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1485:Mahdali dynasty
1448:
1440:
1439:
1380:Muscat and Oman
1150:Imamate of Oman
1143:
1135:
1134:
898:
890:
889:
673:
665:
664:
618:
610:
609:
540:Emesene Dynasty
493:
468:Maarat al-Numan
346:
332:
307:
293:
260:
250:
237:
227:
217:
207:
173:
163:
153:
143:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3240:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3141:Vandal kingdom
3138:
3133:
3128:
3126:Rugian kingdom
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2830:
2820:
2815:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2725:Bakr ibn Wa'il
2722:
2717:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2301:
2294:
2274:
2267:
2249:
2242:
2224:
2217:
2199:
2184:
2177:
2169:Dumbarton Oaks
2155:
2146:
2139:
2121:
2111:
2103:Fortress Press
2089:
2082:
2064:
2051:
2034:
2027:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1982:
1979:
1944: 775–785
1821:Malik ibn Fahm
1812:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1584:Ras al Khaymah
1576:
1575:
1572:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1500:Mazrui dynasty
1496:
1495:
1492:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1156:
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54:196 AD–1100 AD
51:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3094:
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2673:Banu al-Hakam
2671:
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2345:0-415-11376-8
2341:
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2314:
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2305:
2297:
2295:9786144451366
2291:
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2268:9780195181111
2264:
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2243:9789069800547
2239:
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2218:9780884023470
2214:
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2195:
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2178:9780884021162
2174:
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2166:
2159:
2150:
2142:
2140:9780884023470
2136:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2114:
2112:9781451408126
2108:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2083:9781780765648
2079:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2055:
2048:
2047:0-415-11376-8
2044:
2038:
2030:
2028:90-04-09705-8
2024:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1975:Shiite Muslim
1972:
1968:
1967:Mount Lebanon
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1929:Bilad al-Sham
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1880:influence in
1879:
1875:
1871:
1870:Gulf of Aqaba
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1846:
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1678:
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1674:Umm al-Quwain
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
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1648:
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1128:
1126:
1123:
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1118:
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1103:
1102:
1098:
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1078:
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1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
993:
992:
988:
986:
983:
982:
978:
976:
975:Muslim Sicily
973:
972:
968:
966:
963:
962:
958:
956:
953:
952:
948:
946:
943:
942:
938:
936:
933:
932:
928:
926:
923:
922:
918:
916:
913:
912:
908:
906:
903:
902:
894:
893:
883:
881:
878:
877:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
861:
858:
857:
853:
851:
848:
847:
843:
841:
838:
837:
833:
831:
828:
827:
823:
821:
818:
817:
813:
811:
808:
807:
803:
801:
798:
797:
793:
791:
788:
787:
783:
781:
778:
777:
773:
771:
768:
767:
763:
761:
758:
757:
753:
751:
748:
747:
743:
741:
738:
737:
733:
731:
728:
727:
723:
721:
718:
717:
713:
711:
708:
707:
703:
701:
698:
697:
693:
691:
688:
687:
683:
681:
678:
677:
669:
668:
658:
656:
653:
652:
648:
646:
643:
642:
638:
636:
633:
632:
628:
626:
623:
622:
614:
613:
604:450 AD–550 AD
603:
601:
598:
597:
593:
591:
588:
587:
583:
581:
578:
577:
573:
571:
568:
567:
563:
561:
558:
557:
553:
551:
548:
547:
544:64 BC–300s AD
543:
541:
538:
537:
534:132 BC–244 AD
533:
531:
528:
527:
524:400 BC–106 AD
523:
521:
518:
517:
514:600 BC–100 BC
513:
511:
508:
507:
504:800 BC–300 BC
503:
501:
498:
497:
489:
488:
484:
480:
479:
475:
474:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
426:and southern
425:
421:
416:
411:romanized as:
402:
397:
391:
382:
378:
370:
366:
344:
342:
339:
338:
330:
328:
325:
324:
321:
315:
312:
305:
304:
301:
298:
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
270:
266:
262:
256:
252:
249:
248:First Crusade
243:
239:
233:
229:
223:
219:
213:
209:
203:
199:
196:
192:
191:Classical Age
189:
185:
181:
178:
175:
169:
165:
159:
155:
149:
145:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
113:
109:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:Arab Paganism
91:
87:
83:
79:
73:
70:
66:
62:
57:
52:
38:
33:
19:
2969:
2755:Banu Yashkur
2360:
2331:
2323:Bibliography
2315:(in Arabic).
2311:
2304:
2284:
2277:
2258:
2252:
2233:
2227:
2208:
2202:
2193:
2187:
2164:
2158:
2149:
2130:
2124:
2116:
2098:
2092:
2073:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2037:
2017:
2010:
1948:
1914:
1910:Theodosius I
1886:Christianity
1855:
1853:
1829:'Amr ibn Adi
1814:
1769:1921–present
1754:1900–present
1739:1868–present
1724:1833–present
1709:1810–present
1694:1783–present
1679:1775–present
1664:1761–present
1649:1752–present
1634:1749–present
1619:1744–present
1614:Saudi Arabia
1604:1727–present
1589:1727–present
1574:1631–present
584:300s–500s AD
559:
436:Umm el-Jimal
400:
376:
364:
362:
282:Succeeded by
281:
276:
253:1096–1099 AD
97:Christianity
3212:Roman Syria
3011:Arab tribes
2715:Abd al-Qays
2399:Arab tribes
2397:Historical
1987:Queen Mavia
1898:Queen Mavia
1894:monasticism
1474:Pate Island
1447:East Africa
1240:Sulaymanids
1180:Ukhaidhirds
965:Sulaymanids
935:Muhallabids
840:Munqidhites
740:Shirvanshah
594:300s–602 AD
564:196–1100 AD
554:100s–241 AD
456:Queen Mavia
401:Banū Tanūkh
314:Roman Syria
277:Preceded by
240:8th century
177:Queen Mavia
105:Druze faith
75:(main base)
3161:Categories
2933:al-Samayda
2750:Taym Allah
2730:Banu Dhuhl
2003:References
1862:Roman East
1760:Hashemites
1715:Al Maktoum
1685:Al Khalifa
1370:Upper Yafa
1360:Ya'arubids
1200:Qarmatians
1085:Sumadihids
574:220–638 AD
570:Ghassanids
415:Banū Tanūḫ
129:Chief/King
121:Government
112:Demonym(s)
3167:Tanukhids
2597:Abd-Shams
2536:Banu Kanz
2442:Banu Asad
2336:Routledge
2049:p. 98-102
1878:Sassanian
1857:foederati
1745:Al Sharqi
1700:Al Nuaimi
1670:Al Mualla
1659:Abu Dhabi
1655:Al Nahyan
1595:Al Qasimi
1580:Al Qasimi
1544:1860–1887
1534:1858–1895
1519:1856–1964
1509:1746–1828
1494:1277–1495
1479:1203–1894
1434:1926–1970
1424:1906–1934
1414:1903–1967
1404:1858–1967
1400:Qu'aitids
1394:1836–1921
1390:Rashidids
1384:1820–1970
1374:1800–1967
1364:1624–1742
1354:1597–1872
1344:1463–1521
1334:1454–1526
1324:1395–1967
1320:Kathirids
1314:1305–1487
1310:Jarwanids
1304:1253–1320
1294:1229–1454
1284:1159–1174
1274:1154–1624
1270:Nabhanids
1264:1083–1174
1254:1076–1253
1244:1063–1174
1234:1047–1138
1230:Sulayhids
1129:1837–1969
1125:Senussids
1119:1554–1659
1109:1230–1492
1099:1049–1078
1089:1041–1091
1079:1039–1110
1069:1031–1091
1065:Jawharids
1059:1027–1063
1055:Muzaynids
1049:1026–1057
1045:Hammudids
1039:1023–1062
1035:Yahsubids
1029:1023–1091
1019:1020–1086
1009:1013–1039
999:1012–1051
989:1004–1412
955:Aghlabids
884:1697–1842
874:1517–1865
864:1480–1677
854:1517–1697
844:1025–1157
834:1024–1080
830:Mirdasids
820:Numayrids
800:Jarrahids
790:Mazyadids
770:Hamdanids
760:Hashimids
720:Habbarids
710:Dulafids
560:Tanukhids
464:Qinnasrin
458:, was in
390:romanized
373:التنوخيون
365:Tanûkhids
166:al-Hawari
89:Religion
72:Qinnasrin
32:Buhturids
3009:Part of
2916:Juhaynah
2794:Tha'laba
2774:Ghatafan
2556:Mustaliq
2546:Khath'am
2511:Al-Haram
2432:Banu Amr
2359:Shahîd,
1981:See also
1969:include
1937:al-Mahdi
1849:Aurelian
1749:Fujairah
1730:Al Thani
1640:Al Sabah
1529:Wituland
1464:896–1279
1420:Idrisids
1350:Qasimids
1330:Tahirids
1300:Usfurids
1290:Rasulids
1260:Zurayids
1224:968–1925
1210:Wajihids
1204:899–1077
1194:897–1962
1184:865–1066
1170:Yufirids
1164:819–1138
1160:Ziyadids
1154:751–1970
1095:Tahirids
1025:Abbadids
1005:Tujibids
979:831–1091
945:Idrisids
929:756–1031
909:710–1019
905:Salihids
870:Harfushs
860:Turabays
824:990–1081
814:990–1096
810:Uqaylids
804:970–1107
794:961–1150
784:955–1071
780:Rawadids
774:890–1004
764:869–1075
744:861–1538
730:Kaysites
724:854–1011
694:736–1122
659:909–1171
655:Fatimids
649:750–1258
645:Abbasids
635:Umayyads
625:Rashidun
590:Lakhmids
580:Salihids
420:Saracens
406:بنو تنوخ
341:Lakhmids
327:Salihids
124:Chiefdom
2985:Al Fadl
2958:Hanzala
2906:Balqayn
2879:Muharib
2855:Qushayr
2845:Khafaja
2808:Hawazin
2779:Dhubyan
2762:Taghlib
2745:Shayban
2705:Muzayna
2668:Madhhaj
2654:Khuthir
2592:Quraysh
2587:Jadhima
2551:Khuza'a
2516:Hudhayl
2472:Khazraj
1961:caliph
1959:Fatimid
1935:caliph
1933:Abbasid
1845:Zenobia
1837:Zenobia
1833:Lakhmid
1817:al-Hasa
1811:History
1689:Bahrain
1625:Al Said
1610:Al Saud
1599:Sharjah
1569:Morocco
1565:'Alawis
1504:Mombasa
1340:Jabrids
1280:Mahdids
1250:Uyunids
1214:926–965
1190:Rassids
1174:847–997
1115:Saadids
1105:Nasrids
1015:Amirids
995:Bakrids
985:Kanzids
969:814–922
959:800–909
949:788–974
939:771–793
919:745-757
880:Shihabs
850:Ma'nids
754:864–928
750:Alavids
734:860–964
714:840–897
704:824–961
684:654–884
639:661–750
629:632–661
432:Lakhmid
392::
263:1100 AD
246:•
193:to the
116:Tanukhi
68:Capital
2994:Thamud
2980:Jarrah
2970:Tanukh
2938:Sa'ida
2896:Bahra'
2891:Quda'a
2874:Bahila
2864:Sulaym
2818:Thaqif
2784:Fazara
2735:Hanifa
2720:Anizah
2710:Rabi'a
2693:Zubaid
2658:Lihyan
2614:Hashim
2602:Umayya
2578:Ghifar
2573:Damrah
2563:Kinana
2541:Kahlan
2531:Jurhum
2521:Judham
2506:Hamdan
2501:Bajila
2494:Zahran
2447:Ash'ar
2342:
2292:
2265:
2240:
2215:
2175:
2137:
2109:
2080:
2045:
2025:
1997:Iturea
1902:Valens
1874:Arabia
1764:Jordan
1644:Kuwait
1075:Hudids
460:Aleppo
452:Quda'a
444:Namara
440:Jordan
424:Arabia
399:), or
381:Arabic
377:Tanukh
369:Arabic
230:378 AD
210:196 AD
132:
84:Arabic
41:Tanukh
18:Tanukh
2999:Yaman
2953:Tamim
2948:Shuja
2943:Shehr
2926:Salih
2886:Qedar
2869:Ghani
2850:Kilab
2838:Uqayl
2828:Hilal
2789:Murra
2700:Maqil
2688:Nukha
2663:Lakhm
2650:Kinda
2641:Zuhra
2626:Jumah
2619:Abbas
2526:Ju'fa
2489:Ghamd
2479:Bariq
2462:Ansar
2452:Aslam
2437:Anmar
2427:Amila
1906:Goths
1882:Yemen
1866:Syria
1734:Qatar
1719:Dubai
1704:Ajman
1489:Kilwa
1459:Shewa
428:Syria
396:Tanūḫ
101:Islam
2975:Tayy
2921:Kalb
2911:Jarm
2901:Bali
2833:Ka'b
2823:Amir
2769:Qays
2636:Taym
2631:Sahm
2484:Daws
2340:ISBN
2290:ISBN
2263:ISBN
2238:ISBN
2213:ISBN
2173:ISBN
2135:ISBN
2107:ISBN
2078:ISBN
2043:ISBN
2023:ISBN
1892:and
1831:, a
1629:Oman
466:and
450:and
442:and
385:تنوخ
363:The
46:تنوخ
2801:Abs
2740:Ijl
2683:Awd
2678:Ans
2609:Adi
2467:Aws
2457:Azd
2422:Akk
2417:ʿĀd
1992:Azd
1839:'s
448:Azd
438:in
375:),
3163::
2338:,
2334:,
2115:.
2105:.
2101:.
1942:r.
1888:,
1851:.
470:.
409:,
387:,
383::
371::
103:,
99:,
95:,
3043:e
3036:t
3029:v
2390:e
2383:t
2376:v
2298:.
2271:.
2246:.
2221:.
2181:.
2143:.
2086:.
2031:.
1939:(
1799:e
1792:t
1785:v
1766:)
1762:(
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1747:(
1736:)
1732:(
1721:)
1717:(
1706:)
1702:(
1691:)
1687:(
1676:)
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1506:)
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