7922:; An Ethnic Interpretation of Pauranika Personages, 1971, p 34, Chandra Chakraberty; Revue internationale, 1803, p 803; Journal of Indian History: Golden Jubilee Volume, 1973, p 470, Trivandrum, India (City). University of Kerala. Dept. of History; Edinburgh University Publications, 1969, p 113, University of Edinburgh; Shi jie jian wen, 1930, p 68 by Shi jie zhi shi chu ban she. Cf also: Advanced History of Medieval India, 1983, p 31, Dr J. L. Mehta; Asian Relations, 1948, p 301, Asian Relations Organization ("Distributed in the United States by: Institute of Pacific Relations, New York."); Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1892, p 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society - Geography; The geographical dictionary of ancient and mediaeval India, 1971, p 87, Nundo Lal Dey; Nag Sen of Milind Paṅhö, 1996, p 64, P. K. Kaul - Social Science; The Sultanate of Delhi, 1959, p 30, Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava; Journal of Indian History, 1965, p 354, University of Kerala Dept. of History, University of Allahabad Dept. of Modern Indian History, University of Travancore - India; Mémoires sur les contrées occidentales, 1858, p 313, fn 3, Stanislas Julien Xuanzang - Buddhism.
8597:
that one branch of pre-Paṣ̌tō had already, before the splitting off of Waṇ., retained some special connection with Munǰī, an assumption unsupported by any other facts. Apart from l <*δ the only agreement between Paṣ̌tō and Munǰī appears to be Pṣ̌t. zə; Munǰī zo/a "I." Note also Pṣ̌t. l but Munǰī x̌ < θ (Pṣ̌t. plan "wide", cal(w)or "four", but Munǰī paҳəy, čfūr, Yidḡa čšīr < *čəҳfūr). Paṣ̌tō has dr-, wr- < *θr-, *fr- like
Khotanese Saka (see above 23). An isolated, but important, agreement with Sangl. is the remarkable change of *rs/z > Pṣ̌t. ҳt/ǧd; Sangl. ṣ̌t/ẓ̌d (obəҳta "juniper;" Sangl. wəṣ̌t; (w)ūǧd "long;" vəẓ̌dük) (see above 25). But we find similar development also in Shugh. ambaҳc, vūγ̌j. The most plausible explanation seems to be that *rs (with unvoiced r) became *ṣ̌s and, with differentiation *ṣ̌c, and *rz, through *ẓ̌z > ẓ̌j (from which Shugh. ҳc, γ̌j). Pṣ̌t. and Sangl. then shared a further differentiation into ṣ̌t, ẓ̌d ( > Pṣ̌t. ҳt, ğd).
3312:
Pashtuns belongs to West
Eurasian lineages, and share a greater affinity with West Eurasian and Central Asian populations rather than to populations of South Asia or East Asia. The haplogroup analysis indicates the Pashtuns and Tajiks in Afghanistan share ancestral heritage. Among the studied ethnic groups, the Pashtuns have the greatest mtDNA diversity. The most frequent haplogroup among Pakistani Pashtuns is haplogroup R which is found at a rate of 28-50%. Haplogroup J2 was found in 9% to 24% depending on the study and Haplogroup E has been found at a frequency of 4% to 13%. Haplogroup L occurs at a rate of 8%. Certain Pakistani Pashtun groups exhibit high levels of R1b. Overall Pashtun groups are genetically diverse, and the Pashtun ethnic group is not a single genetic population. Different Pashtun groups exhibit different genetic backgrounds, resulting in considerable heterogeneity.
2873:
7918:
Trivandrum, India (City), University of Kerala. Dept. of
History; Literary History of Ancient India in Relation to Its Racial and Linguistic Affiliations, 1970, p 17, Chandra Chakraberty; Stile der Portugiesischen lyrik im 20 jahrhundert, p 124, Winfried Kreutzen.; See: Works, 1865, p 164, Dr H. H. Wilson; The Earth and Its Inhabitants, 1891, p 83; Chants populaires des Afghans, 1880, p clxiv, James Darmesteter; Nouvelle geographie universelle v. 9, 1884, p.59, Elisée Reclus; Alexander the Great, 2004, p.318, Lewis Vance Cummings (Biography & Autobiography); Nouveau dictionnaire de géographie universelle contenant 1o La géographie physique ... 2o La .., 1879, Louis Rousselet,
3500:
1032:
3549:
3717:
64:
1620:
3319:, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. Jadoon men have predominantly East Asian origin paternal ancestry with West Eurasian maternal ancestry and a lesser amount of South Asian maternal ancestry according to a Y and mtdna haplogroup test indicating local females marrying immigrant males during the medieval period. Y Haplogroup O3-M122 makes up the majority of Jadoon men, the same haplogroup carried by the majority (50-60%) of Han Chinese. 82.5% of Jadoon men carrying Q-MEH2 and O3-M122 which are both of East Asian origin. O3-M122 was absent in the Sayyid (Syed) population and appeared in low numbers among Tanolis, Gujars and
2534:
1651:"To Ormuzd Bunukan, from Bredag Watanan ... greetings and homage from ... ), the ( sotang ( ? ) of Parpaz ( under ) from you, so I have heard how written ' ' to me concerning ] my health . I arrived in good health, ( and ) ( afterwards ( ? ) ' ' I heard that a message ] was sent thither to you ( saying ) thus : ... look after the farming but the order was given to you thus. You should hand over the grain and then request it from the citizens store: I will not order, so.....I Myself order And I in Respect of winter sends men thither to you then look after the farming, To Ormuzd Bunukan, Greetings"
2006:
11721:...because of the state's patronage, Urdu is now the most widely-spoken language in Pakistan. But the preponderance of one language over all others eats upon the sphere of influence of other, smaller languages, which alienates the respective nationalities and fuels aversion towards the central leadership...If we look to our state policies regarding the promotion of Pashto and the interests of the Pakhtun political elite, it is clear that the future of the Pashto language is dark. And when the future of a language is dark, the future of the people is dark.
2662:
283:
5427:
Hazaras gained autonomy in the recent war.___Nomads depend on peasants for their staple food, grain, while peasants rely on nomads for animal products, trade goods, credit, and information...Nomads are also ideally situated for smuggling. For some Baluch and
Pashtun nomads, as well as settled tribes in border areas, smuggling has been a source of more income than agriculture or pastoralism. Seasonal migration patterns of nomads have been disrupted by war and state formation throughout history, and the Afghan-Soviet war was no exception.
3380:
3926:
243:
4084:
4442:
203:
5520:
common by the vari- ous regional Hazara groups and so had provided important bases for large "tribal" affiliations to be maintained. With the loss of their sum- mer pastures the units of practical Hazara affiliation declined. Also, Hazara leaders were killed or deported, and their lands were confis- cated. These activities of the Afghan government, carried on as a deliberate policy, sometimes exacerbated by other outrages effected by the
Pashtun pastoralists, emasculated the Hazaras.
183:
11857:
class. The idea he was conveying was that students do not really have enough ability in Urdu to operate totally in that language. He also expressed the thought that Pashto-speaking students in the area really do not learn Urdu very well in public school and that they are thus somewhat ill prepared to meet the expectation that they will know how to use Urdu and
English when they reach the college level. He likened the education system to a wall that has weak bricks at the bottom.
1915:
3837:
14182:
6929:
Pathans in India is twice their population in
Afghanistan and though we no longer have ties (with that country), we have a common ancestry and feel it's our duty to help put an end to this menace", Atif added. Academicians, social activists, writers and religious scholars are part of the initiative. The All India Muslim Majlis, All India Minorities Federation and several other organisations have joined the call for peace and are making preparations for the jirga.
121:
223:
12756:"The Modern Eastern Iranian languages are even more numerous and varied. Most of them are classified as North-Eastern: Ossetic; Yaghnobi (which derives from a dialect closely related to Sogdian); the Shughni group (Shughni, Roshani, Khufi, Bartangi, Roshorvi, Sarikoli), with which Yaz-1ghulami (Sokolova 1967) and the now extinct Wanji (J. Payne in Schmitt, p. 420) are closely linked; Ishkashmi, Sanglichi, and Zebaki; Wakhi; Munji and Yidgha; and Pashto."
6707:
India is twice their population in
Afghanistan and though we no longer have ties (with that country), we have a common ancestry and feel it's our duty to help put an end to this menace," Atif added. Academicians, social activists, writers and religious scholars are part of the initiative. The All India Muslim Majlis, All India Minorities Federation and several other organisations have joined the call for peace and are making preparations for the jirga.
101:
2904:
163:
2492:"The 'mythified' misconception that the Pashtuns are the descendants of the lost tribes of Israel is a fabrication popularized in 14th-century India. A claim that is full of logical inconsistencies and historical incongruities, and stands in stark contrast to the conclusive evidence of the Indo-Iranian origin of Pashtuns supported by the incontrovertible DNA sequencing that the genome analysis revealed scientifically."
263:
2509:"Our study demonstrates genetic similarities between Pathans from Afghanistan and Pakistan, both of which are characterized by the predominance of haplogroup R1a1a*-M198 (>50%) and the sharing of the same modal haplotype...Although Greeks and Jews have been proposed as ancestors to Pathans, their genetic origin remains ambiguous...Overall, Ashkenazi Jews exhibit a frequency of 15.3% for haplogroup R1a1a-M198"
141:
4562:
4558:
include witnessing women's ceremonies, mobilising women to practice religious festivals, preparing the female dead for burial, and performing services for deceased women. She also arranges marriages for her own family and arbitrates conflicts for men and women. Though many
Pashtun women remain tribal and illiterate, some have completed universities and joined the regular employment world.
3725:
1474:"The northern regions of the country are inhabited by the Bolitai, the western regions by the Aristophyloi below whom live the Parsioi (Πάρσιοι). The southern regions are inhabited by the Parsiētai (Παρσιῆται), the eastern regions by the Ambautai. The towns and villages lying in the country of the Paropanisadai are these: Parsiana Zarzaua/Barzaura Artoarta Baborana Kapisa niphanda"
5396:
animals and wool from them, to be redeemed in local produce and fodder over a number of years. Nomads regard these friendships as important interest-bearing investments akin to the lands some of them own in the same villages; recently villagers have sometimes withheld their dues, but relations between the participants are cordial, in spite of latent tensions and backbiting.
4628:
increasingly being challenged by women's rights organisations which find themselves struggling with conservative religious groups as well as government officials in both
Pakistan and Afghanistan. According to a 1992 book, "a powerful ethic of forbearance severely limits the ability of traditional Pashtun women to mitigate the suffering they acknowledge in their lives."
5458:
that when Daoud visited Hazaristan in the 1950s. where the majority of the population are Hazaras, the local people com- plained about Pashtun nomads bringing their cattle to their grazing lands and destroying their harvest and land. Daoud responded that it was the right of the Pashtuns to do so and that the land belonged to them (Kishtmand 2002: 106).
3533:. In Pakistan, although being the second-largest language being spoken, it is often neglected officially in the education system. This has been criticised as adversely impacting the economic advancement of Pashtuns, as students do not have the ability to comprehend what is being taught in other languages fully. Robert Nichols remarks:
10278:
Afghanistan and offered a host of memories. And I was able to meet Badshah Khan's surviving children, Wali Khan, the famous political figure of the NWFP, and his half-sister, Mehr Taj, whose husband Yahya Jan, a schoolmaster who became a Minister in the Frontier, was the brother of the late Mohammed Yunus, who had made India his home.
2086:, another Scythian-descending language, share cognates in their vocabulary which other Eastern Iranian languages lack Cheung suggests a common isogloss between Pashto and Ossetian which he explains by an undocumented Saka dialect being spoken close to reconstructed Old Pashto which was likely spoken north of the
1987:. Is there one specific beginning? And are the Pashtuns originally identical with the Afghans? Although the Pashtuns nowadays constitute a clear ethnic group with their own language and culture, there is no evidence whatsoever that all modern Pashtuns share the same ethnic origin. In fact it is highly unlikely."
8922:
A number of genetic studies of the Pashtuns have been conducted recently by researchers of various universities and research groups. The Greek ancestry of the Pashtuns of Pakistan has been investigated in . In this study, the claim of the three populations of the region, i.e. the Pashtuns, the Kalash
6420:'Pathan', an Urdu and a Hindi term, was usually used by the British when speaking in English. They preferred it to 'Pashtun', 'Pashtoon', 'Pakhtun' or 'Pukhtun', all Pashtu versions of the same word, which the frontier tribesmen would have used when speaking of themselves in their own Pashtu dialects.
4603:
of Afghanistan made rapid reforms to improve women's lives and their position in the family. She was the only woman to appear on the list of rulers in Afghanistan. Credited with having been one of the first and most powerful Afghan and Muslim female activists. Her advocacy of social reforms for women
12702:
There is a small Sikh community in the largely ungoverned Orakzai tribal region, while a few live in Kurram's regional headquarters of Parachinar. They consider themselves "sons of the soil" – Pashtuns to be more specific – and are identified as such. "We are proud to be Pashtuns," says Sahib Singh.
8726:
Given the range of raiders and residents that the area has seen over the centuries, it is easy to see why today's Pashtuns could be descended from Persians, Greeks, Turks, Bactrians, Scythians, Tartars, Huns, Mongols, Moghuls or anyone else who has crossed the region over the years.__More unexpected
5898:
In the 1980s and '90s, at least three million Afghans--mostly Pashtun--fled to Pakistan, where a substantial number spent several years being exposed to Hindi- and Urdu-language media, especially Bollywood films and songs, and being educated in Urdu-language schools, both of which contributed to the
5488:
In 1846, the British sought to segregate settled areas on the frontier from the pastoral Pashtun communities found in the surrounding hills." British au- thorities made no attempt "to advance into the highlands, or even to secure the main passages through the mountains such as the Khyber Pass."2" In
5457:
A typical issue that continues to disturb social order in Afghanistan even at the present time (2012) concerns the Pashtun nomads and grazing lands. Throughout the period 1929 78, governments supported the desire of the Pashtun nomads to take their cattle to graze in Hazara regions. Kishtmand writes
5426:
In some parts of Afghanistan, Pashtun nomads favored by the state often clashed with non- Pashtun (especially Hazara) peasants. Much of their pasture was granted to them by the state after being expropriated from conquered non-Pashtun communities. The nomads appear to have lost these pastures as the
4635:
was selected as Miss Afghanistan in 2003, a feat that was received with a mixture of support from those who back the individual rights of women and those who view such displays as anti-traditionalist and un-Islamic. Some have attained political office in Afghanistan and Pakistan. A number of Pashtun
3441:
The Durranis and Ghiljis (or Ghilzais) are the two largest groups of Pashtuns, with approximately two-thirds of Afghan Pashtuns belonging to these confederations. The Durrani tribe has been more urban and politically successful, while the Ghiljis are more numerous, more rural, and reputedly tougher.
1840:
He retired, therefore, with his family, and a number of Arab retainers, into the Sulaiman Mountains, situated between Multan and Peshawar, where he took up his residence, and gave his daughter in marriage to one of the Afghan chiefs, who had become a proselyte to Mahomedism. From this marriage many
1503:"Most of the Scythians...each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomades. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes (Syr Darya)"
12441:
The friends from Peshawar would speak of Hindu and Sikh Pashtuns who had migrated to India. In the tribal areas – the no man's land between Afghanistan and Pakistan – quite a few Hindus stayed on and were protected by the tribal codes. The same was true in Afghanistan itself (till the mujahidin and
11856:
A brief interview with the principal of the high school in Madyan, along with a number of his teachers, helps to underscore the importance of Pashto in the school domain within Pashtoon territory. He reported that Pashto is used by teachers to explain things to students all the way up through tenth
11156:
As is well known, the Pashtun people place a great deal of pride upon their language as an identifier of their distinct ethnic and historical identity. While it is clear that not all those who self-identify as ethnically Pashtun themselves use Pashto as their primary language, language does seem to
8596:
It shares with Munǰī the change of *δ > l, but this tendency extends also to Sogdian. The Waṇ. dialect shares with Munǰī the change of -t- > -y-/0. If we want to assume that this agreement points to some special connection, and not to a secondary, parallel development, we should have to admit
5519:
The Hazaras, who rebelled and fought an extended war against the Afghan government, were stripped of their control over the Hindu Kush pastures and the pastures were given to the Pashtun pastoralists. This had a devastating impact on the Hazara's society and economy. These pastures had been held in
2396:
of Afghanistan, settlement attested by Jewish inscriptions in Ghor. Historian André Wink suggests that the story "may contain a clue to the remarkable theory of the Jewish origin of some of the Afghan tribes which is persistently advocated in the Persian-Afghan chronicles." These references to Bani
1247:
in northern Iran. The remnants of this once sizable exiled community, although assimilated, continue to claim Pashtun descent. During the early 18th century, in the course of a very few years, the number of Durrani Pashtuns in Iranian Khorasan, greatly increased. Later the region became part of the
11819:
Besides Peshawar, literary and cultural organisations in Swat, Malakand, Buner, Swabi, Mardan, Nowshera, Charsadda, Dera Ismail Khan, Bannu, Karak and tribal districts organised events to mark the importance of mother tongue.They were of the view that Pashto curriculum from 1st grade to 12th grade
10532:
Nagy, Péter L.; Olasz, Judit; Neparáczki, Endre; Rouse, Nicholas; Kapuria, Karan; Cano, Samantha; Chen, Huijie; Di Cristofaro, Julie; Runfeldt, Goran; Ekomasova, Natalia; Maróti, Zoltán; Jeney, János; Litvinov, Sergey; Dzhaubermezov, Murat; Gabidullina, Lilya; Szentirmay, Zoltán; Szabados, György;
9392:
The Hephthalites may also have participated in the origin of the Afghans. The Afghan tribe Abdal is one of the big tribes that has lived there for centuries. Renaming the Abdals to Durrani occurred in 1747, when descendants from the Sadozai branch Zirak of this tribe, Ahmad-khan Abdali, became the
7037:
Nāder Shah also defeated the last independent Ḡalzay ruler of Qandahār, Shah Ḥosayn Hotak, Shah Maḥmūd's brother in 1150/1738. Shah Ḥosayn and large numbers of the Ḡalzī were deported to Mazandarān (Marvī, pp. 543-52; Lockhart, 1938, pp. 115-20). The remnants of this once sizable exiled community,
3537:
The politics of writing Pashto language textbooks in a nationalist environment promoting integration through Islam and Urdu had unique effects. There was no lesson on any twentieth century Pakhtun, especially Abdul Ghaffar Khan, the anti-British, pro-Pakhtun nationalist. There was no lesson on the
7917:
See few more references on Asvaka = Afghan: The Numismatic Chronicle, 1893, p 100, Royal Numismatic Society (Great Britain); Awq, 1983, p 5, Giorgio Vercellin; Der Islam, 1960, p 58, Carl Heinrich Becker, Maymūn ibn al-Qāsim Tabarānī; Journal of Indian History: Golden Jubilee Volume, 1973, p 470,
6706:
Pathans are now scattered across the country, and have pockets of influence in parts of UP, Bihar and other states. They have also shone in several fields, especially Bollywood and sports. Famous Indian Pathans include Dilip Kumar, Shah Rukh Khan and Irfan Pathan. "The population of Pathans in
10582:
Underhill, Peter A.; Poznik, G. David; Rootsi, Siiri; Järve, Mari; Lin, Alice A.; Wang, Jianbin; Passarelli, Ben; Kanbar, Jad; Myres, Natalie M.; King, Roy J.; Di Cristofaro, Julie; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Behar, Doron M.; Kushniarevich, Alena; Šarac, Jelena; Šaric, Tena; Rudan, Pavao; Pathak, Ajai
10583:
Kumar; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Grugni, Viola; Semino, Ornella; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Bahmanimehr, Ardeshir; Farjadian, Shirin; Balanovsky, Oleg; Khusnutdinova, Elza K.; Herrera, Rene J.; Chiaroni, Jacques; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Quake, Stephen R.; Kivisild, Toomas; Villems, Richard (January 2015).
9945:
In the 1980s and '90s, at least three million Afghans--mostly Pashtun--fled to Pakistan, where a substantial number spent several years being exposed to Hindustani-language media, especially Bollywood films and songs, and being educated in Urdu-language schools, both of which contributed to the
8891:
The Haplogroup J2 is from the Semitic population as well as the population shar- ing the common African ancestor. This Haplogroup was found 6.5 % in both the Greek and Pashtun population while 55.6% in the Israel population. The Israel popu- lation however did not result in exact match for
8759:
people are descended from several ancestral groups. Likely the foundational population were of eastern Iranian (Persian) origin and brought the Indo-European language east with them. They probably mixed with other peoples, including possibly the Hephthalites or White Huns, 'Arabs', Mughals, and
5395:
As for the Pashtun nomads, passing the length of the region, they maintain a complex chain of transactions involving goods and information. Most important, each nomad household has a series of 'friends' in Uzbek, Aymak and Hazara villages along the route, usually debtors who take cash advances,
3311:
reaches 9% in Afghan Pashtuns and is the second most frequent haplogroup in Pashtuns from southern Afghanistan. Haplogroup L and Haplogroup J2 occurs at an overall frequency of 6%. According to a Mitochondrial DNA analysis of four ethnic groups of Afghanistan, the majority of mtDNA among Afghan
6928:
Pathans are now scattered across the country, and have pockets of influence in parts of UP, Bihar and other states. They have also shone in several fields, especially Bollywood and sports. The three most famous Indian Pathans are Dilip Kumar, Shah Rukh Khan and Irfan Pathan. "The population of
4627:
Pashtun women these days vary from the traditional housewives who live in seclusion to urban workers, some of whom seek or have attained parity with men. But due to numerous social hurdles, the literacy rate remains considerably lower for them than for males. Abuse against women is present and
4557:
Pashtun women are known to be modest and honorable because of their modest dressing. The lives of Pashtun women vary from those who reside in the ultra-conservative rural areas to those found in urban centres. At the village level, the female village leader is called "qaryadar". Her duties may
10118:
The Pashtuns have made a vital contribution in diverse spheres of life: all rulers of Afghanistan since 1747, except for a nine-month interlude in 1929 and between 1992 and 1996, have been Pashtuns. In Pakistan, Ayub Khan, a Tarin Pashtun, as also Gen. Yahya Khan and Ghulam Ishaq Khan, became
10277:
Ruled now by parties of the religious right, the Frontier province emerges soon after one proceeds westwards from Islamabad. I was lucky to find Ajmal Khan Khattak in his humble home in Akora Khattak, beyond the Indus. Once Badshah Khan's young lieutenant, Mr. Khattak spent years with him in
12657:, TRT World, 2019-04-16, "Hasanabdal is home to around 200 Sikh families that have primarily moved from Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, including Pakistan's former tribal areas. The majority are Pashtun Sikhs who abandoned their homes and took refuge near Sikhism's historical sites."
6875:
Superstar Salman Khan is a Pashtun from the Akuzai clan...One has to travel roughly forty-five kilometres from Mingora towards Peshawar to reach the nondescript town of Malakand. This is the place where the forebears of Salman Khan once lived. They belonged to the Akuzai clan of the Pashtun
7858:, a horse, and shows that their country must have been noted in ancient times, as it is at the present day, for its superior breed of horses. Asvaka was an important tribe settled north to Kabul river, which offered a gallant resistance but ineffectual resistance to the arms of Alexander "
7714:, a horse, and shows that their country must have been noted in ancient times, as it is at the present day, for its superior breed of horses. Asvaka was an important tribe settled north to Kabul river, which offered a gallant resistance but ineffectual resistance to the arms of Alexander "
1027:
significant Pashtun diaspora communities exist. While speakers of Pashto in the country only number 21,677 as of 2011, estimates of the ethnic or ancestral Pashtun population in India range from 3,200,000 to 11,482,000 to as high as double their population in Afghanistan (approximately 30
2478:...if we consider the easy way with which all rude nations receive accounts favourable to their own antiquity, I fear we much class the descents of the Afghans from the Jews with that of the Romans and the British from the Trojans, and that of the Irish from the Milesians or Brahmins."
4348:
Pashtun performers remain avid participants in various physical forms of expression including dance, sword fighting, and other physical feats. Perhaps the most common form of artistic expression can be seen in the various forms of Pashtun dances. One of the most prominent dances is
11125:
Barfield (2007: 11) depicts Pashtun identity as sort of Venn diagram where those claiming Pashtun descent belong to the largest circle, those using the Pashto language appear as a smaller subset, and those adhering to the Pashtun code of conduct are the most authentic Pashtun of
12593:
The meat-eating Hindu Pashtuns are a little known tribe in India even today, with a distinct culture carried forward from Afghanistan and Balochistan which includes blue tattoos on the faces of the women, traditional Pashtun dancing and clothes heavily adorned with coins and
5000:
Over a lakh Pakhtoons living in Jammu and Kashmir as nomad tribesmen without any nationality became Indian subjects on July 17. Batches of them received certificates to this effect from the Kashmir Prime Minister, Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed, at village Gutligabh, 17 miles from
1521:(Πασιανοί) states: "Both forms show slight phonetic substitutions, viz. of υ for ι, and the loss of r in Pasianoi is due to perseveration from the preceding Asianoi. They are therefore the most likely candidates as the (linguistic) ancestors of modern day Pashtuns."
1416:
Other Indians dwell near the town of Caspatyrus and the Pactyic country, north of the rest of India; these live like the Bactrians; they are of all Indians the most warlike, and it is they who are sent for the gold; for in these parts all is desolate because of the
12288:"it is believed that millennia ago they emerged from Kandahar in Afghanistan and the Sulaiman Mountains in Pakistan. They then began expanding into what is known as the NWFP today. They are believed to have mainly practiced the Buddhist and Zoroastrian religions."
1945:
of the Pashtun ethnic group is unclear. There are many conflicting theories amongst historians and the Pashtuns themselves. Modern scholars believe that Pashtuns do not all share the same origin. The early ancestors of modern-day Pashtuns may have belonged to old
6012:
Many of the communities of ethnic Pashtuns (known as Pathans in India) that had emerged in India over the previous centuries lived peaceably among their Hindu neighbors. Most of these Indo-Afghans lost the ability to speak Pashto and instead spoke Hindi and
3572:
If we compare the archaic structure of Pashto with the much simplified morphology of Persian, the leading modern Iranian language, we see that it stands to its 'second cousin' and neighbour in something like the same relationship as Icelandic does to
535:
serves as the second language of Pashtuns in Afghanistan, while those in Pakistan speak Urdu and English. In India, the majority of those of Pashtun descent have lost the ability to speak Pashto and instead speak Hindi and other regional languages.
2420:
This theory of Pashtuns Jewish origin has been largely denied and is said that Its biblical claims are anecdotal, its historical documentation is inconsistent, its geographic claims are incoherent, and its linguistic assertions are implausible.
6389:
Pashtun, also spelled Pushtun or Pakhtun, Hindustani Pathan, Persian Afghan, Pashto-speaking people residing primarily in the region that lies between the Hindu Kush in northeastern Afghanistan and the northern stretch of the Indus River in
2197:
The Greek ancestry of the Pashtuns may also be traced on the basis of a homologous group. And Hoplogroup J2 is from the Semitic population, and this Hoplogroup is found in 6.5% of Greeks and Pashtuns and 55.6% of the Israelite population.
10632:
Di Cristofaro, Julie; Pennarun, Erwan; Mazières, Stéphane; Myres, Natalie M.; Lin, Alice A.; Temori, Shah Aga; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; Witzel, Michael; King, Roy J.; Underhill, Peter A.; Villems, Richard; Chiaroni, Jacques (2013).
6766:
2438:
says they were permitted by the ruler to go east to Afghanistan. This inconsistency can be explained by the fact that Persia acquired the lands of the ancient Assyrian Empire when it conquered the Empire of the Medes and Chaldean
1978:
is so obscure, that no one, even among the oldest and most clever of the tribe, can give satisfactory information on this point." Others have suggested that a single origin of the Pashtuns is unlikely but rather they are a tribal
10993:(This research study has been conducted and reported as partial fulfillment of the requirements of PhD degree in Genetics awarded by Hazara UniversityMansehra, Pakistan). Hazara University, Mansehra. pp. 1–229. Docket 13737.
10119:
presidents; in India, Zakir Hussain, an Afridi Pashtun, became president. Muhammed Yusuf Khan (Dilip Kumar) and Mumtaz Jahan (Madhubala) were great Bollywood actors; Mansoor Ali Khan (Tiger Pataudi) led the Indian cricket team;
9241:. "The suggestion that the Hephthalites were originally of Turkic origin and only later adopted Bactrian as their administrative, and possibly native, language (de la Vaissière 2007: 122) seems to be most prominent at present."
1804:"We travelled on to Kabul, formerly a vast town, the site of which is now occupied by Afghans. They hold mountains and defiles and possess considerable strength, and are mostly highwaymen. Their principal mountain is called
3961:
and many other books to the English language. Many Pashtuns want to reclaim their identity from being lumped in with the Taliban and international terrorism, which is not directly linked with Pashtun culture and history.
2825:
intervened in its southern neighbor Afghanistan in order to defeat a rising insurgency. The Afghan mujahideen were funded by the United States, Saudi Arabia, China and others, and included some Pashtun commanders such as
5763:
In Afghanistan, up until the 1970s, the common reference to Afghan meant Pashtun. . . . The term Afghan as an inclusive term for all ethnic groups was an effort begun by the "modernizing" King Amanullah (1909-1921). . .
1035:
Pashtun-inhabited areas in Pakistan and Afghanistan (including the southern borders of the former Soviet Union, the northeastern borders of Iran, and the northwestern borders of India disputed with Pakistan), in early
3949:, Islamic scholars, such as Maulana Aazam an author of more than five hundred books including Tafasee of the Quran as Naqeeb Ut Tafaseer, Tafseer Ul Aazamain, Tafseer e Naqeebi and Noor Ut Tafaseer etc., as well as
11790:
Khpalwaak Pakhtunistan Ghurzang on Sunday demanded the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government to introduce Pashto as a medium of instruction for the Pakhtun children as that was needed for their socio-economic development.
4883:
Interacting with mediapersons on Wednesday, Yasmin, the president of All India Pakhtoon Jirga-e-Hind, said that there were 32 lakh Phastoons in the country who were living and working in India but were yet to get
10818:
Zubair, Muhammad; Hemphill, Brian E.; Schurr, Theodore G.; Tariq, Muhammad; Ilyas, Muhammad; Ahmad, Habib (August 2020). "Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the Khattak and Kheshgi of the Peshawar Valley, Pakistan".
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shah of Afghanistan. In 1747 the tribe changed its name to "Durrani" when Ahmad khan became the first king of Afghanistan and accepted the title "Dur-i-Duran" (the pearl of pearls, from Arabian: "durr" – pearl).
5489:
addition, the Close Border Policy tried to contract services from more resistant hill tribes in an attempt to co-opt them. In exchange for their cooperation, the tribes would receive a stipend for their services.
10766:
Ikram, Muhammad Salman; Mehmood, Tahir; Rakha, Allah; Akhtar, Sareen; Khan, Muhammad Imran Mahmood; Al-Qahtani, Wedad Saeed; Safhi, Fatmah Ahmed; Hadi, Sibte; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Adnan, Atif (30 November 2022).
3294:
The long wars in Afghanistan have led to Pashtuns gaining a reputation for being exceptional fighters. Some activists and intellectuals are trying to rebuild Pashtun intellectualism and its pre-war culture.
9163:
The fact is that the important Ghilzai tribe occupies now the region round Ghazni, where the Khalaj used to live and that historical data all point, to the transformation of the Turkish Khalaj into Afghan
9011:
In a nutshell, Bellew's thesis is that all Afghan tribal names can be traced to Greek and Rajput names, which posits the further possibility of a great Greek mixing with the ancient border tribes of India.
6180:
945:(the Hindustani word for Pashtun) both by themselves and other ethnic groups of the subcontinent. Some Indians claim descent from Pashtun soldiers who settled in India by marrying local women during the
1163:
with the other South Asian Muslim nationalities to form a common Indian Muslim community in tandem with the larger Indian community, losing their distinctive heritage. Some Pashtuns travelled as far as
13888:
Elphinstone, Mountstuart. 1815. "An account of the Kingdom of Caubul and its dependencies in Persia, Tartary, and India: comprising a view of the Afghaun nation." Akadem. Druck- u. Verlagsanst (1969).
1881:; but others, stubborn and self-willed, refusing to embrace the true faith, leaving their country, came to India, and eventually settled in the Sulimany mountains, where they bore the name of Afghans.
6332:
By the late-eighteenth century perhaps 100,000 "Afghan" or "Puthan" migrants had established several generations of political control and economic consolidation within numerous Rohilkhand communities
4304:
and Pashto One. Pashtuns around the world, particularly those in Arab countries, watch these for entertainment purposes and to get latest news about their native areas. Others are Afghanistan-based
10975:
2443:, which had conquered Assyria decades earlier. But no ancient author mentions such a transfer of Israelites further east, or no ancient extra-Biblical texts refer to the Ten Lost Tribes at all.
8199:
A Glossary Of The Tribes And Castes Of The Punjab And North-West Frontier Province Vol. 3 By H.A. Rose, Denzil Ibbetson Sir Published by Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 1997, Page 211,
5553:
A majority of Pashtuns live south of the Hindu Kush (the 500-mile mountain range that covers northwestern Pakistan to central and eastern Pakistan) and with some Persian speaking ethnic groups.
3307:, with a frequency of 50-65%. Subclade R1a-Z2125 occurs at a frequency of 40%. This subclade is predominantly found in Tajiks, Turkmen, Uzbeks and in some populations in the Caucasus and Iran.
2401:, among other Hebrew tribes, settled in the Afghanistan region. This oral tradition is widespread among the Pashtun tribes. There have been many legends over the centuries of descent from the
13780:
Banuazizi, Ali and Myron Weiner (eds.). 1988. "The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East)." Syracuse University Press.
7833:"Even the name Afghan is Aryan being derived from Asvakayana, an important clan of the Asvakas or horsemen who must have derived this title from their handling of celebrated breeds of horses"
7695:"Even the name Afghan is Aryan being derived from Asvakayana, an important clan of the Asvakas or horsemen who must have derived this title from their handling of celebrated breeds of horses"
5712:
13348:
13253:
8614:
It is, however, possible that the original home of Paṣ̌tō may have been in Badaḵšān, somewhere between Munǰī and Sangl. and Shugh., with some contact with a Saka dialect akin to Khotanese.
12645:, Indica News, 2020-01-05, "Nankana Sahib is also home to the largest Sikh Pashtun community, many of whom have migrated from the North West Frontier Provinces, renamed Khyber-Pakhtunwa."
8248:
The Afghans and Khiljis who resided among the mountains having taken the oath of allegiance to Subooktugeen, many of them were enlisted in his army, after which he returned in triumph to
5819:
The largest ethnic group in Afghanistan is that of Pashtuns, who were historically known as the Afghans. The term Afghan is now intended to indicate people of other ethnic groups as well.
7146:
According to a sample survey in 1988, nearly 75 percent of all Afghan refugees in the southern part of Persian Khorasan were Dorrānī, that is, about 280,000 people (Papoli-Yazdi, p. 62).
1171:
Today, the Pashtuns are a collection of diversely scattered communities present across the length and breadth of India, with the largest populations principally settled in the plains of
11848:
11762:
Sources say that this is mainly because the Pushto text books in use in the settled areas of N.W.F.P. are written in the Yusufzai dialect, which is not the dialect in use in the Agency
9566:
8069:
3323:. There appears to be founder affect in the O3-M122 among the Jadoon. 76.32% of Jadoon men carry O3-M122 while 0.75% of Tanolis, 0.81% of Gujars and 2.82% of Yousafzais carry O3-M122.
6657:
3364:, based on an important orthodox law of Pashtunwali which mainly requires that only those who have a Pashtun father are Pashtun. This definition places less emphasis on the language.
1387:
Together came the Pakthas (पक्थास), the Bhalanas, the Alinas, the Sivas, the Visanins. Yet to the Trtsus came the Ārya's Comrade, through love of spoil and heroes' war, to lead them.
9287:"The Khalaj West of the Oxus [excerpts from "The Turkish Dialect of the Khalaj", Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, Vol 10, No 2, pp 417–437]"
8892:
haplotype of the 9 or 7 markers tested. Very few exact matches were found only with the 5 markers test. However the 7 marker test had many exact matches from the Greek population.
11016:
2205:
have lately been undertaken by academics from various institutions and research institutes. The Greek heritage of Pakistani Pashtuns has been researched in. In this study, the
13489:
8981:
most of the Afghans were concentrated in Qandahar and adjacent areas and had not expanded to the north. Therefore, it is highly significant that Masudi should call Qandahar a
2190:
According to Firasat et al. 2007, a proportion of Pashtuns may descend from Greeks, but they also suggest that Greek ancestry may also have come from Greek slaves brought by
2292:
origin "seems to be most prominent at present". The Khalaj may originally have been Turkic-speaking and only federated with Iranian Pashto-speaking tribes in Medieval times.
9959:
9611:
Lacau, Harlette; Gayden, Tenzin; Regueiro, Maria; Chennakrishnaiah, Shilpa; Bukhari, Areej; Underhill, Peter A.; Garcia-Bertrand, Ralph L.; Herrera, Rene J. (October 2012).
6604:
2078:
dialect and many others have observed the similarities between Pashto and other Saka languages as well, suggesting that the original Pashto speakers might have been a
12625:
One can sense a diminutive yet charming cultural amalgamation in certain localities within the town with the settling of around 250 Pashtun Sikh families in the city.
4865:
3442:
In the 18th century, the groups collaborated at times and at other times fought each other. With a few gaps, Durranis ruled modern Afghanistan continuously until the
3538:
Pashtun state-builders in nineteenth and twentieth century Afghanistan. There was little or no sampling of original Pashto language religious or historical material.
1673:"-bid the Afghan... Moreover, they are in nu(?) because of the Afghans, so impose a penalty on Nat Kharagan ... ...lord of Warnu with ... ... ...the Afghan... ... "
13652:
11585:
11378:
7962:
The earliest mention of the name 'Afghan' (Abgan) is to be found in a Sasanid inscription from the 3rd century, and it appears in India in the form of 'Avagana'...
1623:
Bactrian document in the Greek script from the 4th century mentioning the word Afghan (αβγανανο): "To Ormuzd Bunukan from Bredag Watanan, the chief of the Afghans"
1195:
over the course of generations. Pashtuns have influenced and contributed to various fields in India, particularly politics, the entertainment industry and sports.
9662:"A Literary History of Persia, Volume 4: Modern Times (1500–1924), Chapter IV. An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722–1922)"
15948:
13933:
10976:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357933818_Contrasting_maternal_and_paternal_genetic_histories_among_five_ethnic_groups_from_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_Pakistan
14002:
4677:
4661:
2859:
13769:(eds.). 1994. "The Politics of Social Transformation in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East)." Syracuse University Press.
13206:
9828:
4800:
Note: population statistics for Pashtuns (including those without a notation) in foreign countries were derived from various census counts, the UN, the CIA's
3453:
Tribal allegiances are stronger among the Ghilji, while governance of the Durrani confederation is more to do with cross-tribal structures of land ownership.
1491:(written between 43 BC to 23 AD) makes mention of the Scythian tribe Pasiani (Πασιανοί), which has also been identified with Pashtuns given that Pashto is an
13804:
8812:, is connected with the Sultan Ismail, founder of the Saimani dynasty, which succeddeded to that of the Suffari (founded by Yacub Bin Leith or Lais) 875 A.D.
5950:
4621:
2744:
12494:
11681:
13965:
12639:, Himal, 2016-08-03, "Singh also came across many non turban-wearing followers of Guru Nanak in Pakistan, all of Pashtun origin and from the Khyber area."
12537:
11343:
8525:(69) Paṣ̌tō undoubtedly belongs to the Northeastern Iranic branch. It shares with Munǰī the change of *δ > l, but this tendency extends also to Sogdian
14217:
6092:
5289:
The most familiar name in the west is Pathan, a Hindi term adopted by the British, which is usually applied only to the people living east of the Durand.
2326:
endorses this view who proposes that after the collapse of the Hephthalite confederacy, Hephthalite likely assimilated into different local populations.
12318:
Before the emergence of Islam, the Pakhtuns were followers of Hinduism and Buddhism and considered music sacred, employing it in many religious rituals.
9661:
9406:
7545:
All contemporary historians, archeologists and linguists are agreed that since the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes were of the Iranian linguistic group...
4199:
The advent of poetry helped transition Pashto to the modern period. Pashto literature gained significant prominence in the 20th century, with poetry by
14569:
10320:
He was visiting his cousin Mohammed Yunus, a Pathan who had chosen to move to Delhi at Partition and become a well-known figure in the Congress regime.
8387:...though most scholars believe it more likely that they arose from an intermingling of ancient Aryans from the north or west with subsequent invaders.
6923:
6701:
6524:
5041:
13734:
Ahmad, Aisha and Boase, Roger. 2003. "Pashtun Tales from the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier: From the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier." Saqi Books (1 March 2003).
6546:
6483:
4467:, which was introduced to South Asia during the early 18th century with the arrival of the British. Many Pashtuns have become prominent international
12630:
12607:
13345:
11003:
5720:
3678:
in the 16th century. In 1958, a meeting of Pashtun scholars and writers from both Afghanistan and Pakistan, held in Kabul, standardised the present
14404:
14369:
10256:
9691:
9384:
4960:
4545:) having a saucer shaped metallic plate at its distal end, and a long bow. In Afghanistan, some Pashtuns still participate in the ancient sport of
4125:
and is divided into two main dialects, the southern "Pashto" and the northern "Pukhto". The language has ancient origins and bears similarities to
13244:
6188:
3611:, quite remarkably uniform". Ibrahim Khan provides the following classification on the letter ښ: the Northern Western dialect (e.g. spoken by the
2751:
began to be heard in Afghanistan and the new state of Pakistan. This led to bad relations between the two nations. The Afghan monarchy ended when
15898:
14269:
13314:
11472:
11090:
11058:
7507:], the Greeks of Bactria became masters of Ariana, a vague term roughly indicating the eastern districts of the Persian empire, and of India.
5316:
Pathan (pəˈtɑːn) — n a member of the Pashto-speaking people of Afghanistan, Western Pakistan, and elsewhere, most of whom are Muslim in religion
4696:. Pashtun women often have their legal rights curtailed in favour of their husbands or male relatives. For example, though women are officially
897:, the country's political capital also serves as the major urban center of Pashtuns with more than 20% of the city's population belonging to the
13890:
12642:
10350:
8803:
An Inquiry Into the Ethnography of Afghanistan Prepared for and Presented to the 9th International Congress of Orientalists (London, Sept. 1891)
1662:"because (pl.), the clan of the Afghans, said thus to me:...And you should not have denied? the men of Rob the Afghans took (away) the horses"
14384:
14334:
14329:
14324:
14314:
14304:
12976:
12879:
12330:
8998:
4019:
3248:
3021:
2299:, archaeological documents do not support the suggestion that the Khalaj were the successors of the Hephthalites, while according to historian
13559:
12654:
11833:
9989:
9286:
9134:
7561:
7520:
5832:
1643:
during the 3rd century CE, In the 4th century the word "Afghans/Afghana" (αβγανανο) as a reference to a particular people is mentioned in the
13459:
3945:
activity may be found in some Pashtun regions, especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, as evident in songs and dances. Many Pashtuns are prominent
2447:
8824:
Firasat, Sadaf; Khaliq, Shagufta; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Papaioannou, Myrto; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Underhill, Peter A; Ayub, Qasim (January 2007).
3818:), which has been the main institution of authority that the largely egalitarian Pashtuns willingly acknowledge as a viable governing body.
15893:
15519:
12715:
11199:
8224:
5674:
4979:
4923:
2146:(Mughals), and anyone else who has crossed the region where these Pashtun live. Further they are also, and probably most surprisingly, of
10401:
6897:
4297:
547:. The total population of the Pashtun people worldwide is estimated to be around 49 million, although this figure is disputed due to the
13442:
13245:"Yasir Shah ready to be the difference for Pakistan over England as world's best wrist-spinner prepares for his first Test outside Asia"
8039:
4932:
13995:
13188:
10135:
7258:
2858:, and from there tens of thousands proceeded to Europe, North America, Oceania and other parts of the world. The Afghan government and
1833:
946:
9090:
Mansoor A, Mazhar K, Khaliq S, et al. (April 2004). "Investigation of the Greek ancestry of populations from northern Pakistan".
7454:
7331:
14681:
5802:
5594:
2351:
1453:
The Sattagydae, Gandarii, Dadicae, and Aparytae (Ἀπαρύται) paid together a hundred and seventy talents; this was the seventh province
13500:
8188:
Ninhar, a place of which the king makes a show of Islam, and has many wives, (namely) over thirty Muslim, Afghan, and Hindu (wives).
5804:
Afghanistan Graveyard of Empires: Why the Most Powerful Armies of Their Time Found Only Defeat or Shame in This Land Of Endless Wars
3330:. Dental morphology of the Swabi Jadoons was also analyzed and compared to other groups in the regions like Yousufzais and Sayyids.
15672:
12747:
7079:
5746:
3291:. This was followed by the Ghani administration and the reconquest of Afghanistan by the Taliban (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan).
3079:
2967:
13016:
12651:, Siasat Daily, 2019-09-20, "The members of the Pashtun and Afghan Sikh community living in Europe and UK have gathered in Geneva"
11895:
10429:
9967:
14210:
12685:
11610:
10533:
Zgonjanin, Dragana; Chiaroni, Jacques; Behar, Doron M.; Khusnutdinova, Elza; Underhill, Peter A.; Kásler, Miklós (January 2021).
9467:
8905:
548:
12357:
11564:, Vol. 3, Part. 3. Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar, Klaus J. Mattheier, Peter Trudgill (eds.). Berlin, De Gryuter: 2006. p. 1915.
5471:
3655:
distinction but provides that in addition these Central dialects have had a vowel shift which makes them distinct: for instance
15857:
11169:
10019:
7676:
Pashtun...bore the exclusive name of Afghan before that name came to denote any native of the present land area of Afghanistan.
5502:
5378:
3034:
Many Pashtuns of Pakistan and India have adopted non-Pashtun cultures, mainly by abandoning Pashto and using languages such as
2224:
12648:
5640:
4355:, which has ancient roots. A rigorous exercise, Attan is performed as musicians play various native instruments including the
15933:
15908:
15227:
13988:
13955:
13906:
13864:
13759:. 1976. "Millennium and Charisma among Pathans: A Critical Essay in Social Anthropology." London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
13750:
13708:
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13111:
12944:
12855:
12778:
12467:
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12116:
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11941:
11879:
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11118:
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9416:
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8915:
8884:
8874:
8719:
8212:
8181:
8113:
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7644:
7598:
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7538:
7421:
7394:
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7089:
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6728:
6413:
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6005:
5859:
5812:
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5512:
5481:
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4524:
3154:
1812:
ascended this mountain and having looked out over India, which was then covered with darkness, returned without entering it."
1159:, to work in the sugarcane fields and perform manual labour. Many stayed and formed communities of their own. Some of them
652:
12565:
6608:
5130:
4415:
involves the use of up to three swords and requires great skill. Young women and girls often entertain at weddings with the
3740:. Poetry is also an important part of Pashtun culture and it has been for centuries. Pre-Islamic traditions, dating back to
1135:
During the 19th century, when the British were recruiting peasants from British India as indentured servants to work in the
15958:
8801:
2638:
empires was useful to the Pashtuns of Afghanistan in resisting foreign control and retaining a degree of autonomy (see the
2488:
This theory has been criticised for not being substantiated by historical evidence. Zaman Stanizai criticises this theory:
6432:
4830:
1302:
links of their respective countries, and modern communities have been established starting around the 1960s mainly in the
15847:
15842:
15772:
13660:
11582:
11386:
2872:
2866:
9469:
Al-Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th Centuries Vol 1
15903:
15867:
14203:
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13042:
11958:
9713:
9477:
6806:
5105:"Knowledge of languages by age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions"
2790:
1782:, while on another occasion Mahmud Ghaznavi attacked and punished a group of opposing Afghans, as also corroborated by
1466:
made the connection of the Pashtuns with names such as the Parsiētai (Παρσιῆται), Parsioi (Πάρσιοι) that were cited by
732:
9327:
8907:
Intelligent Computing Theories: 9th International Conference, ICIC 2013, Nanning, China, July 28-31, 2013, Proceedings
8876:
Intelligent Computing Theories: 9th International Conference, ICIC 2013, Nanning, China, July 28-31, 2013, Proceedings
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14060:
13941:
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13848:
13834:
13785:
13774:
13739:
13594:
13386:
Agarwal, B. (1998). A field of one's own: Gender and land rights in South Asia. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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12311:
11623:
11569:
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5257:
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9858:
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Y haplogroup and mtdna haplogroup samples were taken from Jadoon, Yousafzai, Sayyid, Gujar and Tanoli men living in
2683:
In the 20th century, many politically active Pashtun leaders living under British rule of undivided India supported
2409:
in Pashto translates to the "son of Joseph". A similar story is told by many historians, including the 14th century
15837:
13793:
10535:"Determination of the phylogenetic origins of the Árpád Dynasty based on Y chromosome sequencing of Béla the Third"
9836:
6258:
5409:
4669:
4617:
4054:
10451:
8434:
7283:
6767:""The Kabuliwala represents a dilemma between the state and migratory history of the world" – Shah Mahmoud Hanifi"
4931:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
3346:
and use it significantly. The Pashto language is "one of the primary markers of ethnic identity" amongst Pashtuns.
15938:
15536:
15346:
15061:
11004:
http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9941/1/Muhammad%20Tariq_Genetics_2017_HU_Mansehra_Main%20part.pdf
7413:
Geography, book 6 : Middle East, Central and North Asia, China. Part 1. Text and English/German translations
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3982:
2919:
2537:
1327:
559:, constituting around 18.24% of the total Pakistani population and around 47% of the total Afghan population. In
11933:
Language Issues in Comparative Education: Inclusive Teaching and Learning in Non-Dominant Languages and Cultures
11871:
Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice
11774:
11689:
11141:
Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice
11110:
Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice
10921:"Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"
10864:"Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"
10711:"Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"
6210:
4924:
Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
1513:
This is considered a different rendering of Ptolemy's Parsioi (Πάρσιοι). Johnny Cheung, reflecting on Ptolemy's
15943:
13962:
11350:
7384:
5997:
4456:
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4172:
is believed to have written a number of Pashto books while fighting with the Mughals. Pashtun scholars such as
2470:
and the purity of their religious belief, and that on the appearance of the last and greatest of the prophets (
2397:
Israel agree with the commonly held view by Pashtuns that when the twelve tribes of Israel were dispersed, the
1909:
1184:
10337:
Mohammad Yunus is belong to a rich and distinguished Pathan family and son of Haji Ghulam Samdani (1827–1926).
6039:
Most Afghans in Kabul understand and/or speak Hindi, thanks to the popularity of Indian cinema in the country.
3101:, who are presidents of their respective political parties in Pakistan. Others became famous in sports (e.g.,
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13002:
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9669:
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9176:
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8345:
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region in Afghanistan. However, this is disputed by several European experts due to lack of strong evidence.
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2893:
2330:
1901:
885:, the financial capital of Pakistan, is home to the world's largest urban community of Pashtuns, larger than
10156:
She's a Pathan girl who speaks Hindi and Urdu well and was spectacular in the screen test. It was pure luck.
9781:
7976:
6026:
2758:
14105:
14011:
9665:
9584:
7919:
5686:
5612:
4592:
4309:
4078:
3801:
3499:
3055:
3051:
2684:
773:
556:
513:
8631:... and their language is most closely related to on the one hand with Saka on the other with Munji-Yidgha
7898:, and this reappears scarcely modified in the Assakani or Assakeni of the historians of the expedition of
7742:, and this reappears scarcely modified in the Assakani or Assakeni of the historians of the expedition of
3664:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
1849:; who each, subsequently, became head of the tribes which to this day bear their name. I have read in the
1031:
15739:
15116:
12213:
11415:
9373:
7246:
6245:
5274:
4504:
4058:
3260:
1699:"It would be unfavourable to the people of Chola, the Afghans (Avagāṇa), the white Huns and the Chinese."
11017:"HVSI polymorphism indicates multiple origins of mtDNA in the Hazarewal population of Northern Pakistan"
10990:
Genetic Analysis of the Major Tribes of Buner and Swabi Areas through Dental Morphology and DNA Analysis
10709:
Tariq, Muhammad; Ahmad, Habib; Hemphill, Brian E.; Farooq, Umar; Schurr, Theodore G. (19 January 2022).
10264:
8973:
writes that Qandahar was a separate kingdom with a non- Muslim ruler and states that it is a country of
15872:
14299:
13637:
12285:
12044:
11173:
11015:
Akbae, N.; Ahmad, H.; Nadeem, M.S.; Hemphill, B.E.; Muhammad, K.; Ahmad, W.; Ilyas, M. (24 June 2016).
10376:
8696:
But it seems that the Old Iranic ancestor dialect of Paṣ̌tō must have been close to that of the Gathas.
8466:
7310:"The History of Herodotus Book 3, Chapter 91, Verse 4; Written 440 B.C.E, Translated by G. C. Macaulay"
4577:
4520:
4384:(wooden flute). With a rapid circular motion, dancers perform until no one is left dancing, similar to
4153:. Pashto may have ancient legacy of borrowing vocabulary from neighbouring languages including such as
3841:
3716:
3288:
3284:
2736:
2677:
2234:
expanded influence on the Pashtuns until 305 BCE when they gave up dominating power to the Indian
1891:
1745:("History of the Indus"), which describes groups of rebellious Afghans in the tribal lands west of the
544:
63:
12512:
11479:
8957:, notes that several characteristics are common to both the Rajputs and the Afghans and suggests that
8904:
Huang, De-Shuang; Bevilacqua, Vitoantonio; Figueroa, Juan Carlos; Premaratne, Prashan (20 July 2013).
8873:
Huang, De-Shuang; Bevilacqua, Vitoantonio; Figueroa, Juan Carlos; Premaratne, Prashan (20 July 2013).
8786:
6376:
5186:
3548:
15411:
15281:
14226:
14163:
13586:
13270:
11057:
Zubair, Muhammad; Ahmad, Habib; Hemphill, Brian E.; Tariq4, Muhammad; Shah, Muzafar (25 March 2021).
10076:
Constitution-making in Asia: Decolonisation and State-Building in the Aftermath of the British Empire
7438:
3557:
3264:
3237:
3201:
3067:
2692:
1619:
1492:
936:
769:
552:
524:
13296:
11539:
10769:"Genetic diversity and forensic application of Y-filer STRs in four major ethnic groups of Pakistan"
9501:
7616:"Cheung2017-On the Origin of the Terms "Afghan" & "Pashtun" (Again) - Gnoli Memorial Volume.pdf"
4584:. The difficult lives of Afghan female refugees gained considerable notoriety with the iconic image
3988:
There are also Hindu Pashtuns, sometimes known as the Sheen Khalai, who have moved predominantly to
2102:
According to one school of thought, Pashtun are descended from a variety of ethnicities, including
15852:
15667:
15121:
14667:
14461:
14153:
13873:
13224:
11841:
National Institute of Pakistan Studies Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguisitics
9997:
9705:
5104:
4660:, continue to work in the industry. During the 1980s many Pashtun women served in the ranks of the
4561:
4500:
3911:
3490:
3106:
2728:
2533:
2474:) the Afghans of Ghore listened to the invitation of their Arabian brethren, the chief of whom was
1539:
until the advent of modern Afghanistan in the 18th century, the Pashtuns were often referred to as
1276:
for a short period. According to a sample survey in 1988, 75 percent of all Afghan refugees in the
932:
661:
13467:
13152:
12914:
9806:
8171:
1983:"Looking for the origin of Pashtuns and the Afghans is something like exploring the source of the
1800:, when visiting Afghanistan following the era of the Khilji dynasty, also wrote about the Afghans.
1692:
786:. They can be found all over Pakistan and Afghanistan. Big cities with a Pashtun majority include
15953:
15918:
15812:
15782:
15762:
15556:
14473:
14168:
14095:
13377:
Ahmed, A. (2010). Women's Agency in Muslim Society. The SAGE Handbook of Islamic Studies, 22, 213
12786:
Estimates of the number of Pashto speakers range from 40 million to 60 million ...
9193:
7764:
7498:
4870:
4512:
4496:
3827:
3392:
3142:
3134:
2839:
2818:
2810:
2720:
2700:
2673:
2455:
1809:
1299:
1277:
591:
31:
17:
13753:. A loosely connected collection of short stories focused on life in the Pashtun tribal regions.
12719:
11618:. Vol. 4. Quaid-i-Azam University & Summer Institute of Linguistics. p. 36 to 37.
11207:
8235:
8077:
8009:. Oxford: The Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press.
7805:(Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J. W. McCrindle).
7691:(Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J.W. McCrindle).
5690:
4847:
2658:– areas that would become western Pakistan fell within British India as a result of the border.
2579:
and seized control over much of Persia from 1722 to 1729. This was followed by the conquests of
957:, estimates that "The population of Pathans in India is twice their population in Afghanistan".
15923:
15832:
15802:
15744:
15551:
14359:
14158:
12740:
11597:
11572:
10143:
9506:
8105:
Bṛhat Saṁhitā of Varāhamihira: with english translation, exhaustive notes and literary comments
7939:
6634:
6235:
6060:
5966:
4987:
4901:
4391:. Numerous other dances are affiliated with various tribes notably from Pakistan including the
3736:
and the understanding of Pashto language. The Kabul dialect is used to standardize the present
3697:
3178:
2417:. However, the similarity of names can also be traced to the presence of Arabic through Islam.
2366:
2296:
2090:
at that time. Others however have suggested a much older Iranic ancestor given the affinity to
1905:
1897:
1315:
1148:
725:
623:
13551:
13427:
10412:
10230:
10071:
9924:
9433:
8826:"Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan"
8691:
8609:
8591:
8520:
8400:
8349:
8308:
8274:
8047:
6889:
6345:
5879:
5332:
5247:
4925:
4580:
among Pashtun women, as many of their rights have been curtailed by a rigid interpretation of
2285:
confederacy. The Hephthalites may have been Indo-Iranian, although the view that they were of
15928:
15862:
15634:
15451:
15202:
14994:
14725:
12419:
11931:
11409:
11084:
11059:"Identification of Genetic Lineage of Peshawar and Nowshera Tribes through Dental Morphology"
10862:
Tariq, Muhammad; Ahmad, Habib; Hemphill, Brian E.; Farooq, Umar; Schurr, Theodore G. (2022).
10169:
9198:
9170:
8263:
R. Khanam, Encyclopaedic ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia: P-Z, Volume 3 - Page 18
8137:
7768:
7480:
7159:
6945:
6270:
5944:
5536:
4331:
4236:
4165:
4091:
3849:
3769:
3494:
3158:
3090:
3063:
3047:
2843:
2371:
1409:
1160:
1121:
954:
12744:
11712:
11654:
10203:
7563:
Herodotus's Scythians and Ptolemy's Central Asia: Semasiological and Onomasiological Studies
6630:
6403:
5866:
Niamatullah knew Persian very well, as all the educated Pashtuns generally do in Afghanistan
5568:
4896:
4211:
published Seraj-al-Akhbar, which became the first Pashto newspaper in Afghanistan. In 1977,
2587:
and founder of the Durrani Empire, which covered most of what is now Afghanistan, Pakistan,
1873:; and that when the prophet Moses got the better of that infidel who was overwhelmed in the
15082:
14631:
13170:
12136:
11448:
South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
10932:
10875:
10722:
10646:
10316:
The Pathan unarmed: opposition & memory in the North West Frontier (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
5058:
5034:
4436:
4248:
4200:
4095:
3950:
3867:
Before Islam there were various different beliefs which were practiced by Pashtuns such as
3831:
3565:
3543:
Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors, Chapter 8, page 278
3327:
3006:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2889:
2704:
2044:
2005:
1842:
1188:
1064:
in eastern India that each have a population of over a million with Pashtun ancestry; both
15136:
13611:
11075:
7835:(See: Imprints of Indian Thought and Culture abroad, p 124, Vivekananda Kendra Prakashan).
7697:(See: Imprints of Indian Thought and Culture Abroad, p 124, Vivekananda Kendra Prakashan).
5411:
The Fragmentation of Afghanistan: State Formation and Collapse in the International System
3255:
that was fighting against the Taliban also included a number of Pashtuns. Among them were
2392:
discusses the settlement of immigrant Bani Israel at the end of the 8th century CE in the
8:
15709:
15436:
15426:
15421:
15381:
15301:
14924:
14641:
14508:
14488:
14319:
14237:
12303:
12047:. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International.
11900:
11030:(2). Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan: 1–10.
9932:
9075:
9071:
8923:
and the Burusho, to have des- cended from the soldiers of Alexander, has been considered.
8572:
Waghmar, Burzine; Frye, Richard N. (2001). "Bactrian History and Language: An Overview".
7899:
7743:
5886:
4866:"Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan's great granddaughter seeks citizenship for 'Phastoons' in India"
4697:
4613:
3853:
3741:
3701:
3098:
3086:
2998:
2885:
2863:
2851:
2831:
2806:
2798:
2766:
2755:
2732:
2620:
2528:
2475:
2307:
2254:
2220:
2171:
2071:
1244:
1144:
916:
750:
10936:
10879:
10726:
10650:
8489:
7860:(Ref: Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1999, p 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society).
7716:(Ref: Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1999, p 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society).
7066:
raided in Khorasan, and "in the course of a very few years greatly increased in numbers"
5776:
3338:
The most prominent views amongst Pashtuns as to who exactly qualifies as a Pashtun are:
2661:
15787:
15777:
15614:
15391:
15351:
15336:
15326:
15306:
14839:
14714:
14646:
14626:
14611:
14414:
14186:
13899:
Afghanistan's Endless War:State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban
13438:
13020:
12873:
12195:
11905:
11521:
11254:
11246:
10953:
10920:
10896:
10863:
10844:
10795:
10768:
10743:
10710:
10669:
10634:
10609:
10584:
10559:
10534:
10509:
10482:
9905:
9709:
9637:
9612:
9548:
9154:
9115:
9067:
8850:
8825:
8739:
8460:
7284:"The History of Herodotus Chapter 7, Written 440 B.C.E, Translated by George Rawlinson"
7201:
7105:
6661:
6586:
6240:
6143:
6117:
6053:
5044:
4802:
4693:
4665:
4369:
4268:
4264:
4228:
4224:
4007:
3978:
3902:
tribe is approximately 50% Shia and the rest Sunni, who are mainly found in and around
3757:
3268:
3071:
3017:
2975:
2931:
2923:
2835:
2827:
2608:
2580:
2451:
2056:
2052:
1971:
1805:
1730:
1613:
1496:
1331:
1293:
1253:
1180:
1165:
1113:
1076:
during the colonial era. There are also populations over 100,000 each in the cities of
950:
928:
839:
14242:
13762:
Ahmed, Akbar S. 1980. "Pukhtun economy and society." London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
12689:
12057:
11629:
7803:"The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... "
7689:"The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... "
4026:
tribe. Today, they continue to speak Pashto and celebrate Pashtun culture through the
3391:. The tribal system has several levels of organisation: the tribe they are in is from
15827:
15817:
15719:
15662:
15431:
15361:
15311:
15286:
15161:
15108:
15098:
14999:
14636:
14542:
13951:
13937:
13919:
13902:
13877:
13860:
13844:
13830:
13781:
13770:
13746:
13735:
13590:
13326:
13132:
13107:
12996:
12940:
12897:
12861:
12851:
12774:
12463:
12423:
12412:
12369:
12307:
12163:
12112:
12024:
11991:
11964:
11937:
11875:
11619:
11565:
11451:
11419:
11322:
11258:
11145:
11114:
11039:
10958:
10901:
10848:
10836:
10800:
10748:
10674:
10614:
10564:
10514:
10295:
10236:
10209:
10175:
10107:
10079:
9897:
9758:
9685:
9642:
9552:
9473:
9439:
9412:
9333:
9306:
9158:
9107:
9017:
8911:
8880:
8855:
8715:
8493:
8406:
8314:
8280:
8208:
8200:
8177:
8143:
8109:
8010:
7982:
7943:
7931:
7774:
7640:
7594:
7567:
7534:
7486:
7417:
7390:
7363:
7165:
7085:
6976:
6951:
6864:
6724:
6566:
6503:
6409:
6351:
6321:
6148:
6064:
6001:
5932:
5912:
5855:
5808:
5752:
5542:
5508:
5477:
5446:
5415:
5384:
5352:
5342:
5253:
5223:
5198:
4954:
4779:
4673:
4569:
4432:
4377:
4219:
which contains the family trees and Pashtun tribal names. Some notable poets include
4134:
4115:
4046:
3745:
3564:
in relation to verbs is complex compared to other Iranian languages. In this respect
3526:
3308:
3256:
3252:
3174:
3075:
2983:
2979:
2927:
2786:
2782:
2708:
2669:
2643:
2639:
2600:
2434:
2300:
2083:
2036:
1984:
1965:
1934:
1829:
1710:
1541:
1530:
1428:
1323:
1273:
1212:
960:
Historically, Pashtuns have settled in various cities of India before and during the
920:
754:
718:
528:
509:
13843:. 1985. "Peshawar: Historic city of the Frontier." Sang-e-Meel Publications (1995).
13683:
12633:, Al Jazeera, 2017-01-01, "the culture among Afghan Hindus is predominantly Pashtun"
12392:
12238:
11177:
10988:
5980:
from the intercourse of the Persian-speaking Pathans with the Hindi-speaking Hindus.
5473:
Ungoverned Spaces: Alternatives to State Authority in an Era of Softened Sovereignty
3379:
3247:
In the late 1990s, Pashtuns were the primary ethnic group in the ruling regime i.e.
15792:
15767:
15729:
15604:
15526:
15471:
15466:
15341:
15276:
15255:
15195:
14966:
14829:
14785:
14733:
13915:
13840:
12016:
11513:
11238:
11070:
11031:
10948:
10940:
10891:
10883:
10828:
10790:
10780:
10738:
10730:
10693:
10664:
10654:
10604:
10596:
10554:
10546:
10504:
10494:
10481:
Lacau, Harlette; Gayden, Tenzin; Reguerio, Maria; Underhill, Peter (October 2012).
9889:
9632:
9624:
9540:
9146:
9119:
9099:
8845:
8837:
8440:
7526:
6836:
6747:
6682:
6436:
5924:
5617:
4765:
4713:
4599:
Modern social reform for Pashtun women began in the early 20th century, when Queen
4565:
4256:
4220:
4212:
4173:
4154:
4150:
4142:
4130:
4126:
4038:
3925:
3919:
3765:
3711:
3604:
3482:
3280:
3272:
3233:
3170:
3150:
3039:
3024:
2877:
2612:
2389:
2323:
2048:
2040:
1992:
1914:
1783:
1775:
1605:
1269:
1261:
1192:
924:
910:
799:
758:
746:
706:
633:
618:
564:
431:
396:
361:
12636:
12456:
12160:
The Pashtun Question: The Unresolved Key to the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan
11297:
9601:
Life of the Amir Dost Mohammed Khan; of Kabul, Volume 1. By Mohan Lal (1846), pg.5
7908:
words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological..by Henry Yule, AD Burnell).
7752:
words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological..by Henry Yule, AD Burnell).
5777:"Constitution of the Kingdom of Afghanistan - Wikisource, the free online library"
4652:, who hailed from the lineage of Gujarat's historical Pathan community: the royal
2910:, Pakistani cricketer-turned-politician and former Prime Minister, belongs to the
1235:. In order to secure Durrani control in southern Afghanistan, Nader Shah deported
15913:
15807:
15797:
15594:
15499:
15494:
15486:
15416:
15331:
15271:
15250:
14690:
14493:
14339:
14125:
13969:
13352:
12960:
12821:
12768:
12751:
12585:"70 years on, one Pashtun town still safeguards its old Hindu-Muslim brotherhood"
12264:
11985:
11685:
11589:
11108:
10659:
9769:
Ashfaqullah's father, Shafeequlla Khan, was a member of a Pathan military family.
8709:
8173:
Hudud al-'Alam 'The Regions of the World' - A Persian Geography 372 A.H. (982 AD)
8103:
7933:
7634:
7411:
7357:
7225:
6858:
5928:
5716:
5138:
5037:
4831:"TABLE 11 : POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, SEX, and RURAL/URBAN - 2023 Census"
4685:
4322:
4138:
4122:
4118:
4099:
4042:
3965:
Little information is available on non-Muslim as there is limited data regarding
3907:
3857:
3811:
3793:
3753:
3737:
3707:
3691:
3679:
3660:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3472:
3468:
3443:
3043:
3014:
2855:
2847:
2814:
2802:
2778:
2774:
2712:
2688:
2604:
2556:
2402:
2398:
2376:
2231:
2174:, who wrote extensively on Afghan culture, noted that some people claim that the
2028:
1951:
1640:
1609:
1397:
1335:
1289:
686:
671:
613:
512:
until the 1970s after the term's meaning had become a demonym for members of all
464:
320:
316:
12937:
Afghan Monarchs: Sher Shah Suri, Amanullah Khan, Habibullah Khan, Amir Kror Suri
12584:
11272:
10351:"One Year Later: Taliban Reprise Repressive Rule, but Struggle to Build a State"
8560:
Pashto originally belonged to the north - eastern branch of the Iranic languages
8482:
7309:
7021:
6271:"South Asia :: Pakistan — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency"
5301:
4549:
in which horse riders attempt to place a goat or calf carcass in a goal circle.
4541:
is a traditional archery sport in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, played with a long arrow (
4535:
is of Pakistani Pashtun origin who has played for the Australian national team.
1954:. historians have also come across references to various ancient peoples called
1713:, where a reference is made to a village, Saul, which was probably located near
1203:
Pashtuns are also found in smaller numbers in the eastern and northern parts of
15822:
15619:
15579:
15541:
15514:
15376:
15296:
15176:
14974:
14938:
14901:
14894:
14887:
14808:
14764:
14753:
14621:
14616:
14559:
14498:
14409:
14394:
14294:
14085:
13980:
13947:
13929:
13756:
12770:
A Grammar of Pashto a Descriptive Study of the Dialect of Kandahar, Afghanistan
12612:
10944:
10887:
10832:
10785:
10734:
9544:
8969:(solar race) from which many Rajputs claim descent. The great Muslim historian
7130:
7050:
6996:
6751:
5160:
4732:
4641:
4605:
4516:
4508:
4240:
4177:
4158:
4146:
4111:
4083:
3934:
3868:
3596:
3561:
3522:
3476:
3374:
3361:
3357:
3316:
3193:
3162:
3138:
2963:
2951:
2935:
2897:
2740:
2723:
to fight for an independent Pakistan through non violent resistance, including
2635:
2631:
2627:
2592:
2588:
2572:
2560:
2502:
2361:
2357:
2315:
2303:, the Khalaj were "perhaps only politically associated with the Hephthalites."
2286:
2278:
2111:
2032:
1947:
1862:
1791:
1787:
1463:
1442:
1376:
1303:
1249:
965:
867:
701:
666:
643:
540:
497:
347:
312:
208:
11242:
10550:
9150:
9103:
7978:
Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History
7530:
6658:"Frontier Gandhi's granddaughter urges Centre to grant citizenship to Pathans"
6631:"Frontier Gandhi's granddaughter urges Centre to grant citizenship to Pathans"
5217:
4897:"Frontier Gandhi's granddaughter urges Centre to grant citizenship to Pathans"
2462:"The Afghan historians proceed to relate that the children of Israel, both in
15887:
15624:
15609:
15461:
15386:
15316:
15245:
15077:
15030:
14989:
14952:
14822:
14719:
14704:
14589:
14584:
14554:
14478:
14444:
14364:
14284:
14252:
14115:
14070:
14040:
14035:
13950:(1962; 2nd edition 1972). "The Way Of The Pathans." Oxford University Press.
12865:
12799:
12020:
11157:
be one of the primary markers of ethnic identity in contemporary Afghanistan.
10430:"Leaving Afghanistan's 'Bagarm Airfield' Was a Grave Military Mistake: Trump"
9901:
9353:
Morgenstierne, Georg (1979). "The Linguistic Stratification of Afghanistan".
7932:
Noelle-Karimi, Christine; Conrad J. Schetter; Reinhard Schlagintweit (2002).
7238:
5936:
5356:
5249:
Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia
5202:
4740:
4632:
4484:
4476:
4445:
4441:
4288:
4244:
4232:
4193:
4066:
4050:
3958:
3603:
as distinct group. As Elfenbein notes: "Dialect differences lie primarily in
3241:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3188:
film stars in India have Pashtun ancestry; some of the most notable ones are
3146:
3122:
3114:
2971:
2959:
2724:
2696:
2568:
2540:
2393:
2381:
2270:
2235:
2179:
2165:
2143:
2075:
2067:
1846:
1774:
was defeated. Al-Utbi further stated that Afghans and Ghiljis made a part of
1758:
1319:
1236:
1232:
1220:
1176:
1045:
1009:
696:
188:
14195:
13080:
13046:
12188:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
11602:
11231:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
8841:
6814:
5595:"Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan. Vol II: Letters and Buddhist"
3894:
communities exist in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Paktia. The Shias belong to the
15734:
15714:
15531:
15446:
15406:
15396:
15371:
15366:
15321:
15235:
15040:
14917:
14850:
14709:
14604:
14599:
14564:
14547:
14503:
14247:
14137:
14045:
14030:
14025:
13766:
11043:
10962:
10905:
10840:
10804:
10752:
10678:
10618:
10568:
10518:
9646:
9111:
8859:
8371:
7905:
7749:
7660:
6371:
5748:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature [3 volumes]
5083:
5013:
4653:
4649:
4609:
4600:
4293:
4284:
4280:
4208:
4181:
4087:
3994:
3895:
3353:. The cultural definition requires Pashtuns to adhere to Pashtunwali codes.
3276:
3229:
3126:
3118:
3028:
2994:
2987:
2943:
2822:
2748:
2647:
2564:
2319:
2289:
2274:
2250:
2135:
1942:
1688:
1546:
1216:
1140:
1053:
676:
628:
608:
12082:
11315:
Adebayo, Akanmu G.; Benjamin, Jesse J.; Lundy, Brandon D. (4 April 2014).
10585:"The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a"
9078:), upon terms of intermarriage and of receiving in exchange 500 elephants.
9049:
7497:
According to Strabo (c. 54 B.C., A.D. 24), who refers to the authority of
6458:
5913:"The Role of Pashto (as L1) and Urdu (as L2) in English Language Learning"
5852:
Crafting Masculine Selves: Culture, War, and Psychodynamics in Afghanistan
5442:
Education in Afghanistan: Developments, Influences and Legacies Since 1901
5380:
Bartered Brides: Politics, Gender and Marriage in an Afghan Tribal Society
3836:
2735:. The Pashtuns of Afghanistan attained complete independence from British
15724:
15629:
15589:
15504:
15456:
15441:
15187:
15146:
15141:
15025:
14873:
14857:
14594:
14456:
14434:
14399:
14389:
13976:(the United Nations Online Network in Public Administration and Finance).
11035:
10919:
Tariq, M.; Ahmad, H.; Hemphill, B. E.; Farooq, U.; Schurr, T. G. (2022).
10600:
10499:
9628:
9381:
Department of History and Cultural Studies of the Free University, Berlin
6318:
Ethnicity, Authority and Power in Central Asia: New Games Great and Small
5504:
The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan
5338:
4681:
4657:
4586:
4532:
4488:
4374:
4305:
4260:
3998:
meaning 'blue skinned' (referring to the color of Pashtun women's facial
3883:
3530:
3508:
3387:
A prominent institution of the Pashtun people is the intricate system of
3350:
3225:
3197:
3166:
3130:
3110:
3094:
3010:
3002:
2990:
as acting Prime Minister. A number of other ministers are also Pashtuns.
2716:
2666:
2655:
2651:
2410:
2282:
2091:
1817:
1797:
1779:
1746:
1536:
1488:
1172:
1117:
1073:
1061:
1057:
1005:
973:
961:
811:
783:
505:
493:
126:
13887:
13207:"Pakistan's Fakhar Zaman aims to win World Cup and break into Test team"
8232:, History of the Rise of Mohammedan Power in India, Volume 1: Section 15
3607:
and lexicon: the morphology and syntax are, again with the exception of
2405:
after groups converted to Christianity and Islam. Hence the tribal name
1841:
children were born, among whom were two sons famous in history. The one
15599:
15584:
15546:
15356:
15240:
14801:
14451:
14379:
14354:
14075:
14065:
14050:
13963:"Jirga – A Traditional Mechanism of Conflict Resolution in Afghanistan"
13822:
13076:
12965:. Vol. 20–22. Historical Society of Afghanistan. 1967. p. 47.
12716:"Chronology: the reigns of Abdur Rahman Khan and Habibullah, 1881–1919"
11344:"Jirga – A Traditional Mechanism of Conflict Resolution in Afghanistan"
10476:
10474:
10472:
9909:
9877:
8444:
7287:
6605:"Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2001"
6433:"Memons, Khojas, Cheliyas, Moplahs ... How Well Do You Know Them?"
6181:"Hybrid Census to Generate Spatially-disaggregated Population Estimate"
6153:
4808:
4701:
4528:
4472:
4463:
have Pashtun players. One of the most popular sports among Pashtuns is
4327:
4301:
4252:
4169:
3966:
3903:
3891:
3787:
3675:
3560:
language, but a remarkably large number of words are unique to Pashto.
3209:
3189:
3102:
2907:
2762:
2616:
2584:
2425:
2424:
One conflicting issue in the belief that the Pashtuns descend from the
2063:
2021:
1767:
1753:
1683:
The name Afghan is later recorded in the 6th century CE in the form of
1571:
1265:
1224:
1041:
989:
985:
835:
681:
568:
228:
12199:
11752:
Carter and Raza. "Socio-Economic Profile of South Waziristan Agency".
11560:
Modarresi, Yahya: "Iran, Afghanistan and Tadjikistan, 1911–1916." In:
11525:
11250:
9036:
8543:
Pashto belongs to the North-Eastern group within the Iranian Languages
7993:
ang ( ? ) of Parpaz ( under ) thal, the chief ... of the Afghans
5538:
Vortex of Conflict: U.S. Policy Toward Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq
4403:(which, in modern times, involves the juggling of loaded rifles), and
1322:). Some Pashtuns have also settled in the Middle East, such as in the
15476:
15401:
15291:
15166:
15156:
15126:
15004:
14908:
14844:
14815:
14424:
14374:
14120:
12848:
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia : An Encyclopedia
12608:"Two identities, twice the pride: The Pashtun Sikhs of Nankana Saheb"
11869:
11139:
10635:"Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge"
8940:
7823:
The Earth and Its Inhabitants, 1891, p 83, Élisée Reclus - Geography.
6167:
Ethnic population: 49,529,000 possibly total Pashto in all countries.
4648:
film industry. Bollywood blockbusters of the 1970s and 1980s starred
4645:
4637:
4189:
4003:
3326:
56.25% of the Jadoons in another test carried West Eurasian maternal
3320:
3205:
3185:
2777:
along with his family and relatives in a bloody coup orchestrated by
2770:
2440:
2147:
2127:
2119:
2087:
2009:
1920:
1854:
1738:
1563:
1438:
1431:
1401:
1368:
1360:
1330:
between 1976 and 1981, representing 35% of Pakistani immigrants. The
1311:
1136:
1125:
1109:
1105:
1089:
1085:
1081:
997:
894:
847:
787:
779:
288:
15131:
12667:
12655:
Despite border tensions, Indian Sikhs celebrate festival in Pakistan
12519:
Most Hindus and Sikhs left Afghanistan during the 1992-1996 fighting
12286:
https://fieldsupport.dliflc.edu/products/pak_pashto/pw_co/pashto.pdf
11803:
11682:
TEACHING AND LEARNING IN PAKISTAN: THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN EDUCATION
10469:
10045:
9893:
9755:
Sarfarosh: A Naadi Exposition of the Lives of Indian Revolutionaries
7998:
7630:
7615:
3643:. He illustrates that the Central dialects, which are spoken by the
1558:
15171:
14946:
14743:
14532:
14274:
12703:"Pashto is our tongue, our mother tongue – and we are proud of it."
11517:
9610:
9205:
8229:
7875:
7847:
7814:
Etude Sur la Geog Grecque & c, pp 39-47, M. V. de Saint Martin.
7725:
7703:
6780:
5670:
4546:
4492:
4338:
4317:
4313:
4300:
becoming available. Two of the popular ones are the Pakistan-based
4121:, and spoken by up to 60 million people. It is written in the
4062:
3876:
3872:
3860:
3845:
3620:
3512:
2785:
commanders in exile in neighboring Pakistan began recruiting for a
2596:
2576:
2471:
2414:
2406:
2385:
2246:
2242:
2230:
Following Alexander's brief occupation, the successor state of the
2191:
2103:
1858:
1825:
1771:
1678:
the Bactrian documents, 4th century, Sims-Williams 2007b, pp. 90-91
1667:
the Bactrian documents, 4th century, Sims-Williams 2007b, pp. 90-91
1636:
1593:
1554:
1228:
1069:
1052:
community of Pashtun ancestry; the area came to be governed by the
1001:
981:
890:
871:
827:
791:
501:
106:
14659:
13653:"Afghanistan: The Trials of Woman Paratrooper Khatool Mohammadzai"
13490:"A History of Women in Afghanistan: Lessons Learnt for the Future"
11804:"Govt urged to declare Pashto as medium of instruction in schools"
10631:
4326:. International news sources that provide Pashto programs include
2223:(1834 – 1892) was of the view that the Pashtuns likely have mixed
1853:, a work written by a respectable author, and which I procured at
68:
Number of Pashtun Tribal and religious men in Southern Afghanistan
15687:
15035:
14979:
14959:
14881:
14771:
14579:
14537:
14483:
14349:
14279:
14262:
14110:
14080:
13499:. Aletta, Institute for Women's History. May 2003. Archived from
12538:"Tattooed 'blue-skinned' Hindu Pushtuns look back at their roots"
12495:"Tattooed 'blue-skinned' Hindu Pushtuns look back at their roots"
8903:
8872:
8823:
7878:
7793:
Indische Alterthumskunde, Vol I, fn 6; also Vol II, p 129, et al.
7728:
7191:
p. 2 "Some Aspects of Ancient Indian Culture" By D. R. Bhandarkar
6316:
Canfield, Robert L.; Rasuly-Paleczek, Gabriele (4 October 2010).
4689:
4612:
remained an important issue during the 1970s, as feminist leader
4468:
4464:
4420:
4396:
4388:
4015:
3899:
3761:
3668:
3644:
3628:
3608:
3600:
3486:
3432:
3404:
3400:
3396:
2903:
2881:
2429:
2314:
tribe who were known as the "Abdali" before the formation of the
2311:
2175:
2158:
2139:
1975:
1956:
1929:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1644:
1597:
1579:
1467:
1434:
1372:
1352:
1257:
1208:
1097:
1049:
882:
855:
823:
691:
489:
308:
13525:
12688:. Newsline Publications (Pvt.) Ltd. October 2008. Archived from
9139:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London
5669:
3772:
is celebrated as the Afghan New Year by all Afghan ethnicities.
3244:, is of Pashtun origin and related to the legendary Bacha Khan.
2364:
of the Pashtun tribes themselves. For example, according to the
1584:
949:. Many Pathans chose to live in the Republic of India after the
15509:
15151:
15045:
14984:
14792:
14748:
14738:
14525:
14439:
14429:
14344:
14309:
14289:
14257:
14130:
14100:
14055:
13829:(Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints). Oxford University Press.
13366:
Making the Good Earth Better: The Heritage of Kurtz Bros., Inc.
12649:
Pak misusing Durand Line to facilitate terrorists, says Pashtun
10695:
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of four ethnic groups of Afghanistan
9043:
8775:(Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints)." Oxford University Press.
8249:
7871:
7721:
6721:
The Indian Rebellion, 1857–1859: A Short History with Documents
5047:= 54,554. Total Afghan and Pakistani Pashtuns in USA = 538,554.
4581:
4385:
4176:
and others believe that the earliest Pashto work dates back to
4107:
4011:
3999:
3942:
3887:
3612:
3518:
3504:
3462:
3436:
3343:
3283:. The Taliban regime was ousted in late 2001 during the US-led
2548:
2544:
2334:
2266:
2131:
2107:
2062:
It is suggested by some that Pashto may have originated in the
2017:
1924:
1763:
1737:
and Hindu wives. In the 11th century, Afghans are mentioned in
1714:
1567:
1484:
1446:
1307:
1240:
1152:
1129:
1101:
1093:
1077:
1065:
1000:. The settlers are descended from both Pashtuns of present-day
993:
969:
898:
875:
863:
859:
831:
819:
815:
638:
576:
520:
304:
268:
248:
38:
11411:
Our Latest Longest War: Losing Hearts and Minds in Afghanistan
11379:"Tribal Dynamics of the Afghanistan and Pakistan Insurgencies"
11318:
Indigenous Conflict Management Strategies: Global Perspectives
7629:
Morano, Enrico; Provasi, Elio; Rossi, Adriano Valerio (2017).
7038:
although assimilated, continue to claim Ḡalzī Pashtun descent.
4688:
in the Pakistan Army, another Pashtun female became a fighter
4636:
women are found as TV hosts, journalists and actors. In 1942,
4161:. Modern borrowings come primarily from the English language.
778:
Pashtuns are spread over a wide geographic area, south of the
15561:
15009:
14864:
14758:
14574:
14520:
13973:
13745:
Ahmad, Jamil. 2012. "The Wandering Falcon." Riverhead Trade.
13428:"Tribal Law of Pashtunwali and Women's Legislative Authority"
12013:
The Major Languages of South Asia, the Middle East and Africa
11478:. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin. Archived from
11446:
Claus, Peter J.; Diamond, Sarah; Ann Mills, Margaret (2003).
9252:
9063:
7846:"Their name (Afghan) means "cavalier" being derived from the
7702:"Their name (Afghan) means "cavalier" being derived from the
4538:
4363:
4351:
4034:
4027:
4023:
3989:
3970:
3946:
3930:
3915:
3805:
3781:
3760:
fused with localised variants and interpretation. Like other
3752:, while literary styles and music reflect influence from the
3749:
3733:
3636:
3447:
3388:
2911:
2794:
2793:- the Marxist government which was also dominated by Pashtun
2467:
2370:, the theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites is traced to
2154:
2123:
2115:
1601:
1437:
as early as the 1st millennium BCE, present-day Afghanistan.
1356:
1024:
1013:
977:
886:
851:
843:
807:
803:
795:
572:
560:
452:
405:
333:
146:
13918:. 2003. "Afghanistan: An Abridged History." Fenestra Books.
12414:
The clash of fundamentalisms: crusades, jihads and modernity
11918:
Paṧtō undoubtedly belongs to the Northeastern Iranic branch.
10480:
10020:"Ex Gov.Gen. Ghulam Muhammad's 54th death anniversary today"
9925:"Languages as a Key to Understanding Afghanistan's Cultures"
9704:
8977:. It would be pertinent to mention here that at the time of
7228:
and Keith, A.B. 1912. The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects.
7081:
Koh-i-Noor: The History of the World's Most Infamous Diamond
5974:(213–214). The Leonard Scott Publishing Company: 154. 1877.
5880:"Languages as a Key to Understanding Afghanistan's Cultures"
2345:
1762:
recorded that many Afghans and Khiljis (possibly the modern
14779:
14466:
12331:"Sunni Militants Claim Deadly Attack at Market in Pakistan"
4926:"LANGUAGE INDIA, STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES (Table C-16)"
4604:
led to a protest and contributed to the ultimate demise of
4357:
3974:
3804:. Most decisions in tribal life are made by members of the
3724:
3035:
2619:
held Afghanistan's monarchy from around 1826 to the end of
2463:
2164:
One historical account connects the Pashtuns to a possible
2079:
2013:
1866:
1549:
view supported by numerous noted scholars is that the name
1204:
1156:
532:
168:
30:"Pathan" and "Pakhtoon" redirect here. For other uses, see
13189:"Fakhar Zaman, Junaid Khan reveal their Pathan aggression"
12181:
12179:
10581:
10205:
Dr. Zakir Hussain, quest for truth (by Ziāʼulḥasan Fārūqī)
9374:"THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS"
7636:
Studia Philologica Iranica: Gherardo Gnoli Memorial Volume
7259:"Herodotus, The Histories, Book 3, chapter 102, section 1"
5334:
Tribal populations and cultures of the Indian subcontinent
5084:"Ethnologue report for Southern Pashto: Tajikistan (2017)"
3005:. Other prominent Pashtuns include the 17th-century poets
2337:
tribe of Afghanistan are the descendants of Hephthalites.
1422:
Herodotus, The Histories, Book III, Chapter 102, Section 1
443:
417:
408:
382:
373:
11929:
11733:
Carter, Lynn. "Socio-Economic Profile of Kurram Agency".
11056:
10817:
10377:"Afghanistan: At the Crossroads of Ancient Civilisations"
10063:
8740:"Who Are the Pashtun People of Afghanistan and Pakistan?"
8313:(reprint, illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 180.
7883:(Ref: Sva, 1915, p 113, Christopher Molesworth Birdwood).
7733:(Ref: Sva, 1915, p 113, Christopher Molesworth Birdwood).
7503:
7332:"Herodotus, The Histories, Book 3, chapter 91, section 4"
6547:"Study of the Pathan Communities in Four States of India"
6484:"Study of the Pathan Communities in Four States of India"
6118:"Who Are the Pashtun People of Afghanistan and Pakistan?"
3304:
2466:
and in Arabia, preserved their knowledge of the unity of
2446:
Some Afghan historians have maintained that Pashtuns are
1794:
in 1290, Afghans have been well known in northern India.
1570:, which was the name used for ancient inhabitants of the
1458:
Herodotus, The Histories, Book III, Chapter 91, Section 4
1346:
1264:, an ethnic Ghilji Pashtun, formerly second in charge of
1100:
both have a Pashtun population of over 1 million, whilst
440:
370:
12109:
Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus)
11014:
10918:
10861:
10708:
10531:
9659:
9270:
Bonasli, Sonel (2016). "The Khalaj and their language".
9048:. American International School of Kabul. Archived from
8680:. (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series).
8665:. (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series).
8629:. Kolkata, India: Iran Society. 1946. pp. 173–174.
2428:
is that the Ten Lost Tribes were exiled by the ruler of
2035:, which is the closest existing language to the extinct
1786:. It is recorded that Afghans were also enrolled in the
1298:
Indian and Pakistani Pashtuns have utilised the British/
13934:
The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia
12631:
The decline of Afghanistan's Hindu and Sikh communities
12176:
11504:
Henderson, Michael (1983). "Four Varieties of Pashto".
10765:
9960:"Why Afghanistan should leave Pakistani Pashtuns alone"
7894:"The name represents Sanskrit Asvaka in the sense of a
7773:(Reprinted ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 99.
7455:"Strabo, Geography, BOOK XI., CHAPTER VIII., section 2"
6405:
The Indian Army on the Western Front South Asia Edition
6315:
5833:"What will happen to Afghanistan's national languages?"
4568:, Pakistani activist for female education and the 2014
4061:
from their ancestral villages to settle in cities like
4018:
and Maikhter regions of the British Indian province of
3419:), each consisting of several extended families called
3407:. The tribe is then divided into kinship groups called
2719:
method of resistance. Many Pashtuns also worked in the
2583:
who was a former high-ranking military commander under
1524:
1441:
also mentions a tribe of known as Aparytai (Ἀπαρύται).
13544:
13396:
13394:
13392:
9990:"Malik Ghulam Muhammad - Governor-General of Pakistan"
8949:
in use in the East Gangetic Valley to denote a Muslim
7738:"The name represents Sanskrit Asvaka in the sense of a
7525:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 117.
4787:
3240:, India's former ambassador to Algeria and advisor to
2217:
to be descended from Alexander's soldiers considered.
1326:. For example, about 300,000 Pashtuns migrated to the
12668:"Tirah Sikhs glad at getting status of tribal elders"
11936:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 64.
11820:
was already evolved but it was yet to be implemented.
11445:
8443:. The History Files. 4 February 1998 . Archived from
7409:
5321:
4773:
4622:
Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan
2862:
would remain predominantly Pashtun until the fall of
2501:
According to genetic studies Pashtuns have a greater
1056:, a Pashtun dynasty. They also live in the states of
455:
446:
420:
411:
385:
376:
12643:
Sikh Religious Heritage – My visit to Lehenda Punjab
11314:
11229:
Shackle, C. (1980). "Hindko in Kohat and Peshawar".
9859:"Young Afghan refugees and asylum seekers in the UK"
9435:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936
9001:. Khyber. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014
8765:
8727:
are the alleged Pashtun ties to Israel (Israelites).
8488:. Vol. 1. Crabtree Publishing Company. p.
8170:
Minorsky, V. V.; Bosworth, C. E. (31 January 2015).
7245:
territory in what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan...
5327:
5014:"Ethnologue report for Southern Pashto: Iran (2022)"
3977:
Pashtuns migrated from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa after the
3969:
groups and minorities, especially since many of the
3303:
The majority of Pashtuns from Afghanistan belong to
1721:"Saul, a pleasant village on a mountain. In it live
1508:
Strabo, The Geography, Book XI, Chapter 8, Section 2
1427:
These Pactyans lived on the eastern frontier of the
1108:
have an estimate of around 100,000. The Pashtuns in
549:
lack of an official census in Afghanistan since 1979
475:
449:
437:
414:
402:
379:
367:
13709:"I have a right to – Muhammad Dawood Azami: Pashto"
13389:
12814:
12300:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia
11923:
11754:
Planning and Development Department, Peshawar, NWFP
11735:
Planning and Development Department, Peshawar, NWFP
10411:. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Archived from
9698:
9089:
8711:
The Pashtun Tribes in Afghanistan: Wolves Among Men
8276:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936
7555:
7553:
7410:Ptolemy; Humbach, Helmut; Ziegler, Susanne (1998).
6947:
Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban
6863:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 34, 35, 37, 38–.
6311:
6309:
6090:
6029:. Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations
5994:
Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban
5272:
4750:
2846:. In the meantime, millions of Pashtuns joined the
2543:(in the center with his son) and his delegation in
2340:
434:
399:
364:
13243:
12886:
12560:
12558:
12455:
12411:
11655:"د کرښې پرغاړه (په پاکستان کې د مورنیو ژبو حیثیت)"
9774:
9216:sfn error: no target: CITEREFde_la_Vaissière2003 (
8481:
7628:
6401:
6052:
5470:Clunan, Anne; Trinkunas, Harold A. (10 May 2010).
5111:. Statistics Canada Statistique Canada. 7 May 2021
5059:"Support for Taliban dives among British Pashtuns"
4590:(Sharbat Gula) depicted on the June 1985 cover of
4296:has expanded in the last decade, with a number of
1704:Varāha Mihira, 6th century CE, chapt. 11, verse 61
1578:literally means "horsemen", "horse breeders", or "
1272:, gained power in the western regions of Iran and
13896:
13857:The Khyber Pass: A History of Empire and Invasion
12983:. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006
12754:, in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition, 2010.
8649:Pashto in its origin, is probably a Saka dialect.
7389:. Creative Media Partners, LLC. pp. 28, 31.
7386:The Gates of India, Being an Historical Narrative
6478:
6476:
6018:
5949:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
5377:Lindisfarne, Nancy; Tapper, Nancy (23 May 1991).
5376:
4164:The earliest describes Sheikh Mali's conquest of
3748:in 330 BC, possibly survived in the form of
3720:Pashtuns prefer wearing their traditional clothes
3228:. In addition, one of India's former presidents,
2672:, also referred to as "the Red shirts" movement,
15885:
14010:
13876:. 1997. "Afghanistan." Oxford University Press.
12355:
12291:
12218:Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region
11532:
10097:
10095:
9530:
9528:
9526:
9524:
9405:Fisher, William Bayne; Yarshater, Ehsan (1968).
8169:
8101:
7550:
7440:Untersuchungen zur geschichte von Eran II (1905)
6649:
6553:. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020
6306:
6027:"Kabul Diary: Discovering the Indian connection"
5633:
5586:
5006:
3992:. A small Pashtun Hindu community, known as the
3882:The overwhelming majority of Pashtuns adhere to
3411:, which in turn is divided into smaller groups (
1252:itself. The second Durrani king of Afghanistan,
1072:were primary locations of Pashtun migrants from
563:, significant and historical communities of the
199:
12555:
12265:"Q & A on Afghanistan's Loya Jirga Process"
12231:
11956:
11888:
11497:
9982:
9493:
9404:
9235:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRezakhani2017 (
9211:
9083:
9037:Nancy Hatch Dupree / Aḥmad ʻAlī Kuhzād (1972).
8040:"Sanskritdictionary.com: Definition of avagāṇa"
7202:"Rig Veda: Rig-Veda, Book 7: HYMN XVIII. Indra"
6924:"Indian Pathans to broker peace in Afghanistan"
6702:"Indian Pathans to broker peace in Afghanistan"
6525:"Indian Pathans to broker peace in Afghanistan"
6395:
5563:
5561:
5530:
5528:
5501:Banuazizi, Ali; Weiner, Myron (1 August 1988).
5500:
5469:
4576:The decades of war and the rise of the Taliban
4207:. In 1919, during the expanding of mass media,
4072:
3768:. Contrary to the Pashtuns living in Pakistan,
2514:"Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective",
1729:The same book also speaks of a king in Ninhar (
179:
27:Ethnic group native to Pakistan and Afghanistan
15949:Ethnic groups divided by international borders
13675:
13346:"Dom Joly: Know your Kokpar from your Kyz-Kuu"
13321:. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017.
12969:
12845:
12678:
12531:
12529:
12527:
11987:Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and Its Dialects
10452:"Redeeming the Pashtun, the ultimate warriors"
9851:
9502:"The Virtual Jewish History Tour, Afghanistan"
9161:. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011.
8234:. Packard Humanities Institute. Archived from
7590:A Concise History of Afghanistan in 25 Volumes
7077:
6473:
6093:"Profiles of Pakistan's Seven Tribal Agencies"
5219:Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and its Dialects
5027:
4010:. Prior to 1947, the community resided in the
3426:
3085:Many more held high government posts, such as
2918:Many high-ranking government officials in the
2615:took control of the empire. Specifically, the
1604:"). This view was propounded by scholars like
1278:southern part of the Iranian Khorasan Province
1227:defeated the last independent Ghilji ruler of
15203:
14675:
14225:
14211:
13996:
13574:
13452:
12846:Minahan, James (10 February 2014). "Pamiri".
12800:"Pashto language, alphabet and pronunciation"
12599:
12453:
12447:
12186:MacKenzie, D.N. (1959). "A Standard Pashto".
11960:Afghanistan 101: Understanding Afghan Culture
11834:"Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan"
11679:
11407:
10483:"Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective"
10263:. Chennai, India. 26 May 2003. Archived from
10092:
10069:
9613:"Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective"
9604:
9521:
9352:
8953:. Bellew, one of the greatest authorities on
8692:"Enyclopedia Iranica, AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō"
8610:"Encolypedia Iranica, AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō"
8592:"Encolypedia Iranica, AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō"
8521:"Encolypedia Iranica, AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō"
8484:Life of the Amir Dost Mohammed Khan; of Kabul
8131:
8129:
8127:
8125:
8004:
6939:
6937:
6917:
6915:
6024:
4656:. Other Indian actresses and models, such as
4320:, which has a special children's show called
4033:There is also a minority of Pashtun Sikhs in
3786:Another prominent Pashtun institution is the
726:
508:. They historically were also referred to as
117:
13035:
12892:Awde, Nicholas and Asmatullah Sarwan. 2002.
12349:
12130:
12128:
11930:Carol Benson; Kimmo Kosonen (13 June 2013).
11102:
11100:
10368:
10235:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 267.
9878:"The Decline of the Pashtuns in Afghanistan"
9690:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
9425:
9293:. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011
9066:and established settlements of his own, but
8574:Journal of the K. R. Cama Oriental Institute
8007:Bactrian documents from northern Afghanistan
7559:
6655:
6597:
5740:
5738:
5558:
5534:
5525:
4959:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3552:The map of Pashto speaking areas of Pakistan
2607:in the first half of the 19th century under
2603:provinces of Iran. After the decline of the
1260:. Contemporary to Durrani rule in the east,
219:
13104:New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments
12939:. London: General Books. 2010. p. 26.
12524:
12297:
11751:
11612:Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan
11349:. United Nations. p. 7. Archived from
11089:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
9946:decline of Dari, even among urban Pashtuns.
9916:
9821:
9411:. Cambridge University Press. p. 216.
8928:
8678:Etymological dictionary of the Iranian verb
8663:Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb
8571:
8558:. Historical Society of Afghanistan. 1975.
8306:
8217:
8102:Varāhamihira; Bhat, M. Ramakrishna (1981).
7631:"On the Origin of Terms Afghan and Pashtun"
6922:Alavi, Shams Ur Rehman (11 December 2008).
6852:
6850:
6700:Alavi, Shams Ur Rehman (11 December 2008).
6523:Alavi, Shams Ur Rehman (11 December 2008).
6490:. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008
6408:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–.
6350:. Cambridge University Press. p. 186.
6156:: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition
5899:decline of Dari, even among urban Pashtuns.
5665:
5663:
5661:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4700:in Pakistan, some have been kept away from
4137:. Its closest modern relatives may include
3674:The first Pashto alphabet was developed by
2970:also include large percentage of Pashtuns.
2630:" of the 19th century, rivalry between the
1877:, many of the Copts became converts to the
1778:'s army and were sent on his expedition to
1207:. Records as early as the mid-1600s report
953:and Khan Mohammad Atif, a professor at the
941:Pashtuns in India are often referred to as
763:
279:
15217:
15210:
15196:
14682:
14668:
14218:
14204:
14003:
13989:
13701:
13061:
12878:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
12766:
12409:
12403:
11554:
11464:
10129:
10127:
8426:
8122:
7359:History of Pakistan: Pakistan through ages
6950:. Univ of California Press. pp. 18–.
6943:
6934:
6912:
6856:
6693:
6364:
6025:Krishnamurthy, Rajeshwari (28 June 2013).
5871:
5476:. Stanford University Press. p. 101.
5383:. Cambridge University Press. p. 29.
5337:. Handbuch der Orientalistik/2,7. Leiden:
5241:
5239:
4745:
2070:akin to Khotanese. In fact major linguist
947:Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent
733:
719:
582:
571:as well as in major Indian cities such as
97:
62:
13650:
13583:Performance of Emotion Among Paxtun Women
13106:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
12792:
12773:. Ishi Press International. p. 210.
12517:. Himal, Incorporated. 2002. p. 91.
12185:
12125:
11503:
11106:
11097:
11074:
10952:
10895:
10794:
10784:
10742:
10668:
10658:
10608:
10558:
10508:
10498:
9636:
9567:"Are Pashtuns the Lost Tribes of Israel?"
9230:
9039:"An Historical Guide to Kabul – The Name"
8849:
8135:
7968:
7904:(Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial
7748:(Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial
7522:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia
7479:Sagar, Krishna Chandra (1 January 1992).
7472:
7157:
7151:
7078:Dalrymple, William; Anand, Anita (2017).
6765:Finnigan, Christopher (29 October 2018).
6742:
6740:
6540:
6538:
6516:
5985:
5849:
5735:
5592:
5541:. Stanford University Press. p. 36.
5507:. Syracuse University Press. p. 95.
4859:
4857:
4022:. They are mainly members of the Pashtun
3732:Pashtun culture is based on Pashtunwali,
2352:Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites
2346:Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites
2281:claimed the Khalaj to be remnants of the
2168:past but this lacks supporting evidence.
1709:The word Afghan also appeared in the 982
1647:documents found in Northern Afghanistan.
1143:and other places, Rohillas were sent to
13854:
13638:"Remembering the Brightest of the Babis"
13420:
13101:
12734:
12605:
12566:"India's Forgotten Links to Afghanistan"
12157:
11608:
11506:Journal of the American Oriental Society
11439:
11383:Combating Terrorism Center at West Point
11373:
11371:
10101:
10037:
10012:
9951:
9737:
9582:
9534:
9188:
9186:
8097:
8095:
7763:
7586:
7362:. Sang-e Meel Publications. p. 77.
6970:
6847:
6764:
6712:
6656:Bhattacharya, Ravik (15 February 2018).
6343:
6296:"What Languages Are Spoken In Pakistan?"
5705:
5658:
4967:
4560:
4440:
4082:
3924:
3835:
3723:
3715:
3547:
3498:
3378:
2968:list of current governors of Afghanistan
2902:
2871:
2660:
2575:. The Hotak rulers rebelled against the
2555:Their modern past stretches back to the
2532:
2004:
1913:
1618:
1400:connects them with a tribe mentioned by
1355:, one of the tribes that fought against
1030:
259:
239:
13684:"Pakistan's first women fighter pilots"
13460:"Along Afghanistan's War-torn Frontier"
13131:. Cheltenham: SportsBooks. p. 15.
11904:. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Archived from
11874:. Brill. 9 December 2011. p. 278.
11775:"Education in Pashto language stressed"
11710:
11228:
10374:
10348:
10289:
10124:
9746:
9653:
9585:"Pashtun clue to lost tribes of Israel"
9431:
9329:The History of Afghanistan, 2nd Edition
9269:
8707:
8272:
7935:Afghanistan -a country without a state?
7382:
7161:Pakistan: nationalism without a nation?
6781:"Bollywood actor Firoz Khan dies at 70"
6623:
6607:. Census of India. 2001. Archived from
6402:George Morton-Jack (24 February 2015).
6091:Syed Saleem Shahzad (20 October 2006).
5910:
5830:
5677:History of the Mohamedan Power in India
5245:
5236:
5056:
3525:of most Pashtuns. It is one of the two
2153:Some Pashtun tribes claim descent from
1974:stated in 1846 that "the origin of the
137:
14:
15899:Social groups of Balochistan, Pakistan
15886:
13635:
13126:
12767:Penzl, Herbert; Sloan, Ismail (2009).
12760:
12660:
12535:
12492:
12390:
11801:
11341:
11335:
11137:
10201:
10167:
10043:
9922:
9537:Are Pashtuns the Lost Tribe of Israel?
9325:
9250:
8934:
8799:
8714:. Pen and Sword Military. p. 14.
8675:
8660:
8536:
7974:
7925:
7587:Alikuzai, Hamid Wahed (October 2013).
7560:Humbach, Helmut; Faiss, Klaus (2012).
6887:
6881:
6737:
6544:
6535:
6059:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p.
6050:
6044:
5877:
5850:Chiovenda, Andrea (12 November 2019).
5605:
5294:
4854:
3728:Local clothes used by Pashtun children
2388:in the 17th century. The 13th century
2031:language. It shares features with the
1885:
1347:Ancient historical references: Pashtun
1187:. The majority of Indian Pashtuns are
834:, among others. Pashtuns also live in
159:
15191:
14663:
14199:
13984:
13794:"Pathan Identity and its Maintenance"
13791:
13681:
13609:
13580:
13518:
13256:from the original on 11 January 2022.
13241:
13102:McCollum, Jonathan (2014). "Ghaval".
12907:
12576:
12298:Arnold, Alison; Nettl, Bruno (2000).
11983:
11854:from the original on 9 October 2022.
11470:
11450:. Taylor & Francis. p. 447.
11368:
11107:Schiffman, Harold (9 December 2011).
11069:(3). Zoological Society of Pakistan.
10986:
10691:
10525:
10228:
10133:
10102:Devasher, Tilak (15 September 2022).
9875:
9459:
9390:from the original on 9 October 2022.
9326:Runion, Meredith L. (24 April 2017).
9183:
8996:
8800:Bellew, Henry Walter (8 March 1891).
8787:"Theory of Coptic origin of Pashtuns"
8642:
8392:
8310:Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354
8092:
7518:
7478:
6921:
6888:Swarup, Shubhangi (27 January 2011).
6699:
6587:"The 'Kabuliwala' Afghans of Kolkata"
6522:
6141:
5991:
5800:
5744:
5438:
5414:. Yale University Press. p. 33.
5407:
5266:
5215:
4180:, and they use the writings found in
3933:(praying) outside in the open in the
3635:and the South Eastern (spoken by the
2318:1747, might be connected to with the
2260:
2027:Pashto is generally classified as an
1790:(1148–1215). By the beginning of the
13827:The Pathans: 500 B.C.-A.D. 1957
13651:Yousafzai, Sami (28 November 2011).
13448:from the original on 9 October 2022.
13297:"'Mukha' lovers throng Topi contest"
13120:
13019:. Afghanistan Online. Archived from
12582:
12536:Haider, Suhasini (3 February 2018).
12493:Haidar, Suhasini (3 February 2018).
12257:
12134:
12106:
11831:
11408:O'Connell, Aaron B. (3 April 2017).
9957:
9742:. National Galvanizing Pvt. Limited.
9595:
9465:
9284:
9201:, 15 December 2010 (Pierre Oberling)
9132:
8784:
8773:The Pathans: 500 B.C.-A.D. 1957
8398:
8108:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 143.
7593:. Trafford Publishing. p. 142.
7485:. Northern Book Centre. p. 91.
7436:
7355:
6718:
5408:Rubin, Barnett R. (1 January 2002).
5246:Minahan, James B. (30 August 2012).
5216:David, Anne Boyle (1 January 2014).
5184:
4718:
4631:Further challenging the status quo,
2039:, but also shares features with the
2000:
1525:Middle historical references: Afghan
1338:around the world includes Pashtuns.
1016:, they are sometimes referred to as
92:Regions with significant populations
15894:Social groups of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
14689:
13936:" Kodansha Globe; Reprint edition.
13810:from the original on 9 October 2022
13526:"Making Waves: Interview with RAWA"
13043:"Rahman Baba: Poet of the Pashtuns"
12894:Pashto: Dictionary & Phrasebook
11963:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 89.
11076:10.17582/journal.pjz/20190927080941
10046:"The history of Lahore's Kakayzais"
9438:. Vol. 2. BRILL. p. 150.
9371:
9251:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
9062:Alexander took these away from the
8760:others who passed through the area.
8479:
8225:"AMEER NASIR-OOD-DEEN SUBOOKTUGEEN"
8176:. Gibb Memorial Trust. p. 91.
7886:
7838:
7826:
7796:
7416:(in Greek). Reichert. p. 224.
6723:. Hackett Publishing. p. 141.
5076:
4938:from the original on 9 October 2022
4863:
4769:
4744:
4098:for publishing the first newspaper
3815:
3797:
3647:, can also be divided on the North
3627:, the South Western (spoken by the
3619:, the North Eastern (spoken by the
2974:serves as acting Defense Minister,
1950:that spread throughout the eastern
1656:the Bactrian documents, 4th century
1283:
968:. These include Bombay (now called
500:primarily residing in northwestern
468:
24:
13901:. University of Washington Press.
13727:
13612:"Warlords and women in uneasy mix"
13610:North, Andrew (14 November 2005).
13562:from the original on 28 April 2006
12896:, New York: Hippocrene Books Inc.
12135:Khan, Ibrahim (7 September 2021).
11990:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 185.
11732:
11138:Hakala, Walter (9 December 2011).
10589:European Journal of Human Genetics
10539:European Journal of Human Genetics
10487:European Journal of Human Genetics
10349:Watkins, Andrew (17 August 2022).
10171:Famous Indians of the 21st century
9752:
9617:European Journal of Human Genetics
9583:McCarthy, Rory (17 January 2010).
9535:Stanizai, Zaman (9 October 2020).
9432:Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1987).
9253:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
8830:European Journal of Human Genetics
7942:, United States: IKO. p. 18.
7613:
7482:Foreign Influence on Ancient India
5964:"Hindu Society and English Rule".
5801:Tyler, John A. (10 October 2021).
5745:Huang, Guiyou (30 December 2008).
5185:Khan, Ibrahim (7 September 2021).
4662:Afghan communist regime's Military
3663:the non-Central dialects becoming
2791:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
2747:. By the 1950s a popular call for
2516:European Journal of Human Genetics
25:
15970:
13636:Khanna, Anshu (22 January 2021).
13271:"Hottie of the week: Fawad Ahmed"
13129:The Encyclopedia of World Cricket
13017:"Classical Dari and Pashto Poets"
12917:. UCLA Language Materials Project
11802:Report, Dawn (22 February 2021).
11711:Mohmand, Mureeb (27 April 2014).
10104:The Pashtuns: A Contested History
10044:Sheikh, Majid (22 October 2017).
9499:
8405:. Sarup & Sons. p. 273.
7639:. Scienze e lettere. p. 39.
7383:Holdich, Thomas (12 March 2019).
7131:"DORRĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
7051:"DORRĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
6997:"DORRĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
6719:Frey, James (16 September 2020).
6055:A Historical Atlas of Afghanistan
5917:Linguistics and Literature Review
5683:Persian Literature in Translation
5535:Dan Caldwell (17 February 2011).
5222:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 76.
5057:Maclean, William (10 June 2009).
4707:
4461:Afghanistan national cricket team
4274:
4184:as proof. Amir Kror Suri, son of
2769:agenda, which opened doors for a
2097:
1627:The earliest mention of the name
1392:Rigveda, Book 7, Hymn 18, Verse 7
1012:before 1947). In some regions in
14180:
13644:
13629:
13603:
13482:
13380:
13371:
13364:Dean, Ruth and Melissa Thomson,
13358:
13339:
13307:
13289:
13263:
13235:
13217:
13199:
13181:
13163:
13145:
13095:
13009:
12953:
12929:
12839:
12708:
12505:
12486:
12454:Trimbur, John (10 August 2004).
12384:
12323:
12279:
12239:"Q&A: What is a loya jirga?"
12206:
12151:
12100:
12075:
12050:
12037:
12004:
11977:
11950:
11862:
11825:
11795:
11767:
11745:
11726:
11704:
11673:
11647:
11576:
11401:
11385:. 15 August 2009. Archived from
11321:. Lexington Books. p. 203.
11308:
11298:"Minority Rights Group Pashtuns"
11290:
11265:
11222:
11192:
11162:
11131:
11050:
11008:
10997:
10980:
10969:
10912:
10855:
10811:
10759:
10702:
10685:
10625:
10575:
10444:
10422:
10394:
10355:United States Institute of Peace
10342:
10333:Encyclopædia of Muslim Biography
10325:
10308:
10283:
10249:
10222:
10195:
10161:
10134:Dalal, Mangal (8 January 2010).
9958:Rahi, Arwin (25 February 2020).
9869:
9799:
9731:
9576:
9559:
9398:
9365:
9346:
9319:
9278:
9272:Endangered Turkic Languages II A
9263:
9244:
9224:
9126:
9030:
8997:Ahmad, Khaled (31 August 2009).
8990:
8897:
8866:
8817:
8793:
8778:
8732:
8701:
8684:
8669:
8654:
8636:
8619:
8602:
8584:
8565:
8548:
8530:
8513:
8473:
8364:
8334:
8300:
8266:
8257:
8193:
8163:
8080:Online Edition. 15 December 1983
8062:
8032:
8023:
8005:Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2000).
7975:Balogh, Dániel (12 March 2020).
7911:
7863:
7817:
7808:
7787:
7757:
7681:
7653:
7622:
7607:
7580:
7512:
6971:Windfuhr, Gernot (13 May 2013).
6900:from the original on 4 June 2020
6837:"Northern Pashtuns in Australia"
6813:. Afghanland.com. Archived from
5831:Bodetti, Austin (11 July 2019).
4864:Ali, Arshad (15 February 2018).
4407:among others. A sub-type of the
4055:insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
3800:) or 'grand council' of elected
2986:as acting Finance Minister, and
2642:). However, during the reign of
2448:linked to the ancient Israelites
2341:Anthropology and oral traditions
2269:tribe has been connected to the
2157:, including some claiming to be
1191:, who have assimilated into the
567:exist in the northern region of
430:
395:
360:
281:
261:
241:
221:
201:
181:
161:
139:
119:
99:
13552:"Laura Bush Meets Afghan Women"
13315:"Sports and Games of Pashtoons"
12606:Eusufzye, Khan Shehram (2018).
12514:Himāl: The South Asian Magazine
12393:"Pashtuns want an image change"
12362:(in 9 VOLUMES), Arabic-English"
11024:Genetics and Molecular Research
10432:. Khaama Press. 29 January 2023
10257:"To Islamabad and the Frontier"
10078:(1 ed.). U.S.: Routledge.
8965:, was a corruption of the word
8808:By Some, the Bangash ancestor,
8755:Many scholars believe that the
8142:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 18.
7566:. Reichert Verlag. p. 21.
7447:
7430:
7403:
7376:
7349:
7324:
7302:
7276:
7251:
7231:
7219:
7194:
7185:
7123:
7098:
7071:
7043:
7022:"ḠILZĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
7014:
6989:
6975:. Routledge. pp. 703–731.
6964:
6857:Jasim Khan (27 December 2015).
6829:
6799:
6773:
6758:
6675:
6579:
6451:
6435:. Islamic Voice. Archived from
6425:
6337:
6288:
6263:
6228:
6211:"Pakistan - The World Factbook"
6203:
6173:
6135:
6110:
6084:
5957:
5904:
5843:
5824:
5794:
5769:
5494:
5463:
5439:Baiza, Yahia (21 August 2013).
5432:
5401:
5370:
5329:von Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph
5209:
5178:
5153:
5123:
5097:
4758:
4725:
3054:, from 1947 to 1951, and third
2920:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
2295:However, according to linguist
2265:According to some accounts the
2238:as part of an alliance treaty.
2201:A number of genetic studies on
2185:
2082:group. Furthermore, Pashto and
1834:Muslim rule in the subcontinent
1487:, the Greek geographer, in the
1219:. After the short reign of the
624:Discrimination against Pashtuns
539:There are an estimated 350–400
15868:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
9996:. 23 July 2017. Archived from
9829:"Mohammad Yousaf Khan Khattak"
9786:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
9718:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
8961:, one of the ancestors of the
7158:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2002).
6545:Haleem, Safia (24 July 2007).
6344:Siddiqui, Niloufer A. (2022).
6185:United Nations world data form
5998:University of California Press
5931:(inactive 11 September 2024).
5645:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
5050:
4986:. 20 July 1954. Archived from
4917:
4889:
4840:
4823:
4668:served paratrooper during the
4457:Pakistan national cricket team
4450:Pakistan national cricket team
3333:
3249:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
1910:History of Indian subcontinent
551:. They are the second-largest
37:For the Pashtun language, see
13:
1:
13682:Abbas, Zaffar (11 May 2005).
13355:, The Independent: Columnists
13242:Berry, Scyld (11 July 2016).
12904:. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
12850:. Santa Barbara, California.
12583:Khan, Naimat (30 June 2020).
12058:"Waneci, Glottolog: wane1241"
11594:Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
10208:. APH Publishing. p. 8.
10202:Fārūqī, Z̤iāʼulḥasan (1999).
9757:. Notion Press. p. 524.
9660:Edward G. Browne, M.A., M.B.
9408:The Cambridge History of Iran
9135:"The Khalaj West of the Oxus"
8708:Acheson, Ben (30 June 2023).
8346:University of Texas at Austin
7870:"Afghans are Assakani of the
7720:"Afghans are Assakani of the
6769:. London School of Economics.
5187:"Tarīno and Karlāṇi dialects"
4816:
4395:(eponymously named after the
4106:The majority of Pashtuns use
3953:who has helped translate the
3583:Pashto has a large number of
3342:Those who are well-versed in
2978:as acting Interior Minister,
2894:Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai
2773:by neighbors. In April 1978,
2759:seized control of Afghanistan
2731:who was a close associate of
2522:
2483:Mountstuart Elphinstone, 1841
2374:, who compiled a history for
2331:The Cambridge History of Iran
2249:believe to be descended from
2225:Greek and Indian Rajput roots
2066:region and is connected to a
1902:History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1832:writing about the history of
1612:, M. V. de Saint Martin, and
1380:
79:
15934:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
15909:Ethnic groups in Balochistan
14012:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
13801:National Chengchi University
13045:. Pashto.org. Archived from
12915:"History of Pushto language"
12356:Muhammad Muhsin Khan (ed.).
12137:"Tarīno and Karāṇi dialects"
12111:. Eisenbrauns. p. 736.
12043:Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009.
10692:Whale, John William (2012).
10660:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748
10294:. Vision Books. p. 28.
10174:. Pustak Mahal. p. 60.
10168:Sharma, Vishwamitra (2007).
9876:Ahady, Anwar-ul-Haq (1995).
9738:Thakurta, R.N. Guha (1978).
9666:Packard Humanities Institute
7920:Louis Vivien de Saint-Martin
5687:Packard Humanities Institute
5273:James William Spain (1963).
5137:(in Russian). Archived from
4948:AFGHANI/KABULI/PASHTO 21,677
4788:
4578:caused considerable hardship
4310:Radio Television Afghanistan
4217:Tawarikh-e-Hafiz Rehmatkhani
4079:Pashto literature and poetry
4073:Pashto literature and poetry
3615:) having the phonetic value
3556:Pashto is categorised as an
3393:four 'greater' tribal groups
3056:Governor-General of Pakistan
2982:as acting Foreign Minister,
2821:and many more. In 1979, the
1341:
774:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
557:ethnic groups in Afghanistan
514:ethnic groups in Afghanistan
7:
15959:Ethnic groups in South Asia
15740:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
15117:Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism
13466:. June 1985. Archived from
12158:Siddique, Abubakar (2014).
11583:Population by Mother Tongue
11416:University of Chicago Press
11273:"Afghanistan ethnic groups"
11063:Pakistan Journal of Zoology
9740:The Contemporary, Volume 22
8999:"Pathans and Hindu Rajputs"
8935:Quddus, Syed Abdul (1987).
8539:The World's Major Languages
7286:. Piney.com. Archived from
6246:Central Intelligence Agency
5976:Hindustani had arisen as a
5854:. Oxford University Press.
5109:Census Profile, 2021 Census
4774:
4751:
3848:, which also serves as the
3821:
3456:
3427:Durrani and Ghilji Pashtuns
3403:, the Gharghashti, and the
3298:
2997:, which was represented by
2775:Daoud Khan was assassinated
2505:modal halogroup than Jews:
1968:and the 1st millennium BC,
1749:in what is today Pakistan.
498:Eastern Iranic ethnic group
476:
307:in its different dialects:
10:
15975:
15873:War in North-West Pakistan
15833:Afghan War of Independence
13897:Goodson, Larry P. (2001).
12977:"Amir Hamza Shinwari Baba"
12015:. 2003. pp. 116–130.
11984:David, Anne Boyle (2014).
11688:, Pakistan. Archived from
11174:University of Pennsylvania
10945:10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3
10888:10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3
10833:10.1007/s10709-020-00095-2
10786:10.1186/s12864-022-09028-z
10735:10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3
10070:Kumarasingham, H. (2016).
9923:Hakala, Walter N. (2012).
9545:10.33774/coe-2020-vntk7-v4
8279:. BRILL. pp. 150–51.
8136:Vogelsang, Willem (2002).
8029:A small kingdom in Bactria
7519:Sinor, Denis, ed. (1990).
7356:Dani, Ahmad Hasan (2007).
6748:"Pashtun, Pathan in India"
6461:. Houghton Mifflin Company
6320:. Routledge. p. 148.
5878:Hakala, Walter N. (2012).
5807:. Aries Consolidated LLC.
5445:. Routledge. p. 100.
5306:. World English Dictionary
4783:
4711:
4672:and was later promoted to
4430:
4423:) which is an instrument.
4278:
4076:
4057:, some Pashtun Sikhs were
3842:tomb of Ahmad Shah Durrani
3825:
3779:
3705:
3695:
3689:
3685:
3480:
3466:
3460:
3430:
3372:
3181:, is a Pakistani Pashtun.
3173:, who became the youngest
3013:, and in contemporary era
2922:were Pashtuns, including:
2526:
2349:
2178:Pashtuns are connected to
2074:has described Pashto as a
1895:
1892:Theories of Pashtun origin
1889:
1766:) enlisted in the army of
1528:
1287:
1124:, whose father settled in
1112:include the khan siblings
914:
908:
767:
744:
545:variety of origin theories
36:
29:
15904:Ethnic groups in Pakistan
15753:
15700:
15680:
15656:
15643:
15570:
15485:
15412:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
15282:Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai
15264:
15226:
15107:
15091:
15070:
15054:
15018:
14697:
14233:
14227:Ethnic groups in Pakistan
14177:
14146:
14018:
13587:University of Texas Press
13581:Grima, Benedicte (1992).
13331:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
13225:"Mohammad Rizwan profile"
13001:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
12745:Eastern Iranian languages
12674:. Pakistan. 12 July 2015.
11609:Hallberg, Daniel (1992).
11542:. Encyclopædia Britannica
11473:"The Phonology of Pashto"
11435:– via Google Books.
11243:10.1017/S0041977X00137401
11113:. BRILL. pp. 55–56.
10551:10.1038/s41431-020-0683-z
10493:(October 2012): 1063–70.
9472:. Brill. pp. 95–96.
9311:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
9175:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
9151:10.1017/S0041977X00087607
9104:10.1007/s00439-004-1094-x
9046:(64 BC – 24 AD)
9022:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
8910:. Springer. p. 403.
8879:. Springer. p. 409.
7981:. Barkhuis. p. 144.
7531:10.1017/CHOL9780521243049
7443:(in German). p. 177.
7164:. Zed Books. p. 27.
7084:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
6571:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
6508:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5671:Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah
5593:Sims-Williams, Nicholas.
5262:– via Google Books.
4736:
4426:
3890:school of thought. Small
3587:: generally divided into
3368:
3349:Adherence to the code of
2693:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
1687:by the Indian astronomer
1479:Ptolemy, 150 CE, 6.18.3-4
1445:has linked them with the
1365:"Battle of the Ten Kings"
1239:and large numbers of the
1189:Urdu-speaking communities
937:Pathans of Madhya Pradesh
770:Ethnic groups in Pakistan
504:and southern and eastern
345:
340:
331:
326:
303:
298:
278:
258:
238:
218:
198:
178:
158:
136:
116:
96:
91:
78:
73:
61:
54:
15668:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
15122:Ancient Iranian religion
13855:Docherty, Paddy (2008).
13792:Barth, Frederik (n.d.).
12021:10.4324/9780203412336-14
11957:Ehsan M Entezar (2008).
10987:Tariq, Muhammad (2017).
10402:"Afghan Government 2009"
8647:. Academia. p. 32.
8645:A Study in Pashto Stress
8537:Comrie, Bernard (2009).
8436:The History of Herodotus
8273:Houtsma, M. Th. (1993).
7765:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra
6259:(Archived 2022 edition.)
5929:10.29145/2018/llr/040101
5911:Saddiqa, Ayesha (2018).
5641:"History of Afghanistan"
5613:"Afghan and Afghanistan"
4552:
4448:, former captain of the
4094:, became the pioneer of
4002:), migrated to Unniara,
3775:
3491:Languages of Afghanistan
3157:) and literature (e.g.,
3107:Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi
2711:), and were inspired by
1495:language, much like the
933:Pathans of Uttar Pradesh
904:
764:Pakistan and Afghanistan
553:ethnic group in Pakistan
541:Pashtun tribes and clans
55:
15813:Second Anglo-Afghan War
15783:Third Battle of Panipat
15763:First Battle of Panipat
15673:People's Peace Movement
15557:Yusuf Khan and Sherbano
15062:Ancient Iranian peoples
13259:(subscription required)
12826:Encyclopædia Britannica
12083:"Waneci, ISO 639-3 wne"
11896:"AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṧto"
11713:"The decline of Pashto"
11588:10 October 2014 at the
8842:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726
8376:Encyclopedia Britannica
7665:Encyclopedia Britannica
6377:Encyclopædia Britannica
6142:Lewis, Paul M. (2009).
5713:"Afghanistan: Glossary"
5621:. alamahabibi.com. 1969
5573:Encyclopædia Britannica
5161:"Language used at home"
4871:Daily News and Analysis
4531:. Australian cricketer
3828:Religion in Afghanistan
3623:etc.) having the sound
3383:A map of Pashtun tribes
3080:nuclear weapons program
3078:, father of Pakistan's
2867:Republic of Afghanistan
2840:Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi
2811:Mohammad Aslam Vatanjar
2456:Mountstuart Elphinstone
2333:volume 3, Issue 1, the
1865:, that the Afghans are
1553:evidently derives from
1280:were Durrani Pashtuns.
1221:Ghilji Pashtuns in Iran
1198:
583:Geographic distribution
555:and one of the largest
529:Iranian language family
523:, which belongs to the
519:The Pashtuns speak the
32:Pathan (disambiguation)
15939:Ethnic groups in India
15745:Anti-Pashtun sentiment
15552:Adam Khan and Durkhani
14187:Afghanistan portal
13968:7 October 2006 at the
13859:. Union Square Press.
13351:28 August 2017 at the
12741:Nicholas Sims-Williams
12391:Rashid, Ahmed (2006).
12107:Kaye, Alan S. (1997).
11680:Hywel Coleman (2010).
11598:Government of Pakistan
11592:, Population Census –
11176:. 2006. Archived from
11170:"Understanding Pashto"
10292:Commonwealth and Nehru
10072:"Bureaucratic Statism"
9507:Jewish Virtual Library
8945:Grierson finds a form
8676:Cheung, Jonny (2007).
8661:Cheung, Jonny (2007).
8465:: CS1 maint: others (
8044:sanskritdictionary.com
7940:University of Michigan
7874:; this word being the
7724:; this word being the
7499:Apollodorus of Artemia
6635:The News International
5967:The Westminster Review
4980:"Pakhtoons in Kashmir"
4902:The News International
4644:of India, entered the
4573:
4452:
4103:
3938:
3864:
3729:
3721:
3698:Culture of Afghanistan
3581:
3553:
3546:
3515:
3384:
3251:(Taliban regime). The
3058:, from 1951 to 1955),
2915:
2900:
2745:Third Anglo-Afghan War
2737:political intervention
2680:
2626:During the so-called "
2552:
2520:
2499:
2486:
2367:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2024:
1998:
1938:
1906:History of Balochistan
1898:History of Afghanistan
1883:
1823:
1808:. It is told that the
1727:
1707:
1681:
1670:
1659:
1624:
1511:
1482:
1461:
1425:
1395:
1328:Persian Gulf countries
1316:commonwealth countries
1183:in 1947, many of them
1037:
15944:Iranian ethnic groups
15019:Related ethnic groups
13153:"Younis Khan Profile"
12686:"The Frontier Singhs"
12637:Finding lost heritage
12442:the Taliban arrived).
12162:. Hurst. p. 28.
12045:Language Family Trees
11302:Minority Rights Group
11144:. Brill. p. 55.
10290:Darbari, Raj (1983).
9199:Encyclopaedia Iranica
8556:Afghanistan volume 28
8402:Dictionary of Vedanta
7881:meaning 'horsemen' "
7459:www.perseus.tufts.edu
7336:www.perseus.tufts.edu
7263:www.perseus.tufts.edu
7026:www.iranicaonline.org
6890:"The Kingdom of Khan"
5276:The Pathan Borderland
4564:
4444:
4431:Further information:
4343:Pashto-language films
4279:Further information:
4237:Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi
4188:, was an 8th-century
4092:Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi
4086:
4053:. Due to the ongoing
3981:and later, after the
3928:
3850:Congregational Mosque
3839:
3770:Nowruz in Afghanistan
3764:, Pashtuns celebrate
3727:
3719:
3696:Further information:
3570:
3551:
3535:
3502:
3495:Languages of Pakistan
3481:Further information:
3382:
3289:Karzai administration
3091:Mahmood Khan Achakzai
3064:President of Pakistan
3062:, who was the second
2906:
2875:
2864:Mohammad Najibullah's
2844:Mohammad Yunus Khalis
2707:(both members of the
2664:
2536:
2507:
2490:
2460:
2372:Nimat Allah al-Harawi
2360:lend credence to the
2008:
1981:
1917:
1896:Further information:
1838:
1802:
1719:
1697:
1671:
1660:
1649:
1622:
1529:Further information:
1501:
1472:
1451:
1414:
1385:
1288:Further information:
1168:during the same era.
1092:. Bombay (now called
1060:in central India and
1054:Royal House of Rampur
1034:
955:University of Lucknow
915:Further information:
745:Further information:
653:Empires and dynasties
341:Related ethnic groups
15520:northern Afghanistan
15332:Najib Khan Yousafzai
15083:Proto-Indo-Europeans
14995:Tats of the Caucasus
13127:Morgan, Roy (2007).
12750:19 July 2011 at the
12304:Taylor & Francis
12267:. Human Rights Watch
11471:Henderson, Michael.
11342:Wardak, Ali (2003).
11036:10.4238/gmr.15027167
10601:10.1038/ejhg.2014.50
10500:10.1038/ejhg.2012.59
10335:. A.P.H. Pub. Corp.
9807:"Abdul Ghaffar Khan"
9782:"Abdul Ghaffar Khan"
9714:"Last Afghan empire"
9629:10.1038/ejhg.2012.59
9466:Wink, Andre (2002).
9212:de la Vaissière 2003
8643:Bečka, Jiří (1969).
8399:Nath, Samir (2002).
8352:on 24 September 2018
8342:"Old Iranian Online"
8307:Ibn Battuta (2004).
8078:Encyclopædia Iranica
7206:www.sacred-texts.com
6051:Romano, Amy (2003).
5992:Green, Nile (2017).
5279:. Mouton. p. 40
5040:= 84,000 and 15% of
4640:(Mumtaz Jehan), the
4624:(RAWA) in the 1977.
4437:Sport in Afghanistan
4249:Khushal Khan Khattak
4201:Ameer Hamza Shinwari
4123:Pashto-Arabic script
4059:internally displaced
3951:Muhammad Muhsin Khan
3832:Religion in Pakistan
3578:David Neil MacKenzie
3328:Haplogroup H (mtDNA)
3287:and replaced by the
3007:Khushal Khan Khattak
2956:Sher Mohammad Karimi
2948:Mohammad Ishaq Aloko
2940:Ghulam Farooq Wardak
2890:Abdul Hakim Ishaqzai
2739:during the reign of
1408:) in 430 BCE in the
1379:hymns dated between
1185:migrated to Pakistan
901:speaking community.
15843:Waziristan campaign
15710:Pashtun nationalism
15437:Mohammad Najibullah
14320:European Pakistanis
13765:Banuazizi, Ali and
13711:. BBC World Service
13663:on 22 November 2013
13558:. 16 January 2006.
13464:National Geographic
13402:"I have a right to"
13275:The Express Tribune
12462:. Pearson Longman.
12410:Ali, Tariq (2003).
12366:firstedition.com.my
11717:The Express Tribune
11277:Library of Congress
11210:on 17 November 2006
11180:on 12 December 2006
10937:2022NatSR..12.1027T
10880:2022NatSR..12.1027T
10727:2022NatSR..12.1027T
10651:2013PLoSO...876748D
10232:Educational thought
10229:Johri, P.K (1999).
10146:on 11 February 2010
10136:"When men were men"
9964:The Express Tribune
9933:National Geographic
9383:(PhD Thesis): 242.
9214:, pp. 119–137.
8771:Caroe, Olaf. 1984.
8480:Lal, Mohan (1846).
7731:meaning 'horsemen'"
6944:Nile Green (2017).
6926:. Hindustan Times.
6807:"Afghans of Guyana"
6704:. Hindustan Times.
5887:National Geographic
5693:on 11 February 2009
5599:Khalili Collections
5045:Pakistani-Americans
4614:Meena Keshwar Kamal
4608:'s reign in 1929.
4593:National Geographic
4337:Producers based in
4114:, belonging to the
3983:rise of the Taliban
3758:musical instruments
3702:Culture of Pakistan
3362:patrilineal descent
3099:Aftab Ahmad Sherpao
3087:Asfandyar Wali Khan
3031:among many others.
2886:Abdul Ghani Baradar
2832:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
2807:Nur Muhammad Taraki
2767:Pashtun Nationalist
2733:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
2685:Indian independence
2529:Pashtun nationalism
2308:Georg Morgenstierne
2255:Alexander the Great
2221:Henry Walter Bellew
2172:Henry Walter Bellew
2072:Georg Morgenstierne
1886:History and origins
1869:of the race of the
1756:chronicler, in his
1733:), who had Muslim,
1383:1500 and 1200 BCE:
1369:the seventh mandala
1367:, are mentioned in
1245:Mazandaran Province
1048:is named after the
917:Pashtuns of Kashmir
751:Pashtuns of Kashmir
51:
15788:Battle of Nowshera
15778:Battle of Gulnabad
15681:Religious-military
15615:Ahmad Shah Durrani
15352:Malalai of Maiwand
15337:Dost Mohammad Khan
15327:Ahmad Shah Durrani
15307:Aimal Khan Mohmand
15302:Kalu Khan Yusufzai
13972:, 2003, online at
13470:on 9 November 2006
13439:Harvard University
13195:. 2 December 2017.
13171:"Umar Gul Profile"
12822:"Avestan language"
12692:on 22 October 2009
12337:. 13 December 2015
12335:The New York Times
11908:on 22 January 2012
11832:Hallberg, Daniel.
11779:www.thenews.com.pk
11692:on 4 November 2010
11389:on 21 October 2021
11200:"The Pashtun Code"
10925:Scientific Reports
10868:Scientific Reports
10715:Scientific Reports
10375:Cruickshank, Dan.
10140:The Indian Express
10106:. Harper Collins.
9839:on 18 January 2017
9710:Nancy Hatch Dupree
9372:Kurbano, Aydogdy.
9274:. Aralık: 273–275.
8447:on 5 February 2012
8372:"Pashtun | people"
7661:"Pashtun | people"
7437:Marquart, Joseph.
7312:. sacred-texts.com
7290:on 5 February 2012
6817:on 5 November 2006
6683:"Pashtun in India"
6662:The Indian Express
6637:. 16 February 2018
6611:on 1 February 2008
6439:on 17 October 2006
6241:The World Factbook
6144:"Pashto, Northern"
5141:on 16 January 2017
4990:on 9 December 2004
4905:. 16 February 2018
4803:The World Factbook
4694:Pakistan Air Force
4686:three-star general
4666:Khatol Mohammadzai
4574:
4453:
4409:Khattak Wal Atanrh
4401:Mahsood Wal Atanrh
4393:Khattak Wal Atanrh
4389:whirling dervishes
4298:Pashto TV channels
4269:Timur Shah Durrani
4265:Shuja Shah Durrani
4229:Ahmad Shah Durrani
4225:Afzal Khan Khattak
4192:and king from the
4104:
3979:partition of India
3939:
3929:Men doing Islamic
3886:and belong to the
3865:
3750:traditional dances
3730:
3722:
3554:
3527:national languages
3516:
3385:
3285:War in Afghanistan
3269:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
3232:, belonged to the
3072:President of India
3070:who was the third
3018:Abdul Ahad Mohmand
3001:, are referred to
2976:Sirajuddin Haqqani
2932:Anwar ul-Haq Ahady
2924:Abdul Rahim Wardak
2916:
2901:
2876:American diplomat
2836:Jalaluddin Haqqani
2828:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
2681:
2623:'s reign in 1973.
2609:Shuja Shah Durrani
2581:Ahmad Shah Durrani
2553:
2377:Khan-e-Jehan Lodhi
2261:Hephthalite origin
2025:
1939:
1625:
1497:Scythian languages
1314:but also in other
1294:Overseas Pakistani
1254:Timur Shah Durrani
1181:partition of India
1038:
951:partition of India
929:Pathans of Gujarat
480:;), also known as
49:
15881:
15880:
15863:Soviet–Afghan War
15848:Second Waziristan
15828:Siege of Malakand
15818:Battle of Maiwand
15720:Afghan (ethnonym)
15696:
15695:
15663:Khudai Khidmatgar
15432:Abdul Ahad Momand
15362:Abdur Rahman Khan
15347:Victor of Maiwand
15312:Darya Khan Afridi
15185:
15184:
15109:Iranian religions
15099:Iranian languages
14969:
14962:
14955:
14941:
14927:
14920:
14911:
14904:
14897:
14890:
14876:
14867:
14860:
14853:
14832:
14825:
14818:
14811:
14804:
14795:
14788:
14774:
14767:
14728:
14657:
14656:
14193:
14192:
14147:Foreign nationals
13956:978-0-19-636099-7
13916:Habibi, Abdul Hai
13908:978-0-295-98111-6
13866:978-1-4027-5696-2
13841:Dani, Ahmad Hasan
13751:978-1-59448-616-6
13640:. Daily Guardian.
13532:. 16 January 2006
13408:. 16 January 2006
13406:BBC World Service
13193:Business Recorder
13138:978-1-89980-751-2
13113:978-0-19-974339-1
13083:on 5 January 2008
12946:978-1-156-38425-1
12857:978-1-61069-018-8
12780:978-0-923891-72-5
12469:978-0-321-20305-2
12458:The call to write
12429:978-1-85984-457-1
12418:. Verso. p.
12169:978-1-84904-292-5
12118:978-1-57506-019-4
12030:978-0-203-41233-6
11997:978-1-61451-303-2
11970:978-1-4257-9302-9
11943:978-94-6209-218-1
11881:978-90-04-21765-2
11540:"Pashto language"
11485:on 4 October 2012
11356:on 7 October 2006
11328:978-0-7391-8805-7
11151:978-90-04-21765-2
11120:978-90-04-20145-3
10181:978-81-223-0829-7
10113:978-93-94407-64-0
10085:978-1-317-24509-4
9753:Rajesh, K. Guru.
9623:(10): 1063–1070.
9418:978-0-521-20092-9
9257:iranicaonline.org
9052:on 30 August 2010
8917:978-3-642-39479-9
8886:978-3-642-39479-9
8721:978-1-3990-6924-3
8213:978-81-85297-70-5
8183:978-1-909724-75-4
8115:978-81-208-0098-4
7988:978-94-93194-01-4
7780:978-8-12080-436-4
7646:978-88-6687-115-6
7600:978-1-4907-1441-7
7573:978-3-89500-887-0
7540:978-0-521-24304-9
7423:978-3-89500-061-4
7396:978-0-530-94119-6
7369:978-969-35-2020-0
7135:iranicaonline.org
7110:iranicaonline.org
7106:"ĀZĀD KHAN AFḠĀN"
7091:978-1-4088-8885-8
7055:iranicaonline.org
7001:iranicaonline.org
6982:978-1-135-79704-1
6973:Iranian Languages
6957:978-0-520-29413-4
6870:978-81-8475-094-2
6730:978-1-62466-905-7
6415:978-1-107-11765-5
6327:978-1-136-92750-8
6244:(2024 ed.).
6149:SIL International
6007:978-0-520-29413-4
5861:978-0-19-007355-8
5814:978-1-387-68356-7
5781:en.wikisource.org
5758:978-1-56720-736-1
5548:978-0-8047-7666-0
5514:978-0-8156-2448-6
5483:978-0-8047-7012-5
5452:978-1-134-12082-6
5421:978-0-300-09519-7
5390:978-0-521-38158-1
5229:978-1-61451-231-8
5165:profile.id.com.au
4719:Explanatory notes
4674:brigadier general
4570:Nobel Peace Prize
4433:Sport in Pakistan
4378:string instrument
4345:since the 1970s.
4127:extinct languages
4096:Afghan journalism
3852:and contains the
3754:Persian tradition
3744:'s defeat of the
3601:Tarino or Waṇetsi
3599:groups; and also
3562:Pashto morphology
3446:of 1978; the new
3309:Haplogroup G-M201
3257:Abdullah Abdullah
3253:Northern Alliance
3175:Nobel Peace Prize
3076:Abdul Qadeer Khan
2984:Gul Agha Ishakzai
2980:Amir Khan Muttaqi
2928:Abdul Salam Azimi
2819:Mohammad Gulabzoy
2787:guerrilla warfare
2783:Afghan mujahideen
2729:Abdur Rab Nishtar
2709:Khudai Khidmatgar
2670:Khudai Khidmatgar
2644:Abdur Rahman Khan
2640:Siege of Malakand
2595:, as well as the
2435:Maghzan-e-Afghani
2413:and 16th century
2253:who arrived with
2241:Some groups from
2001:Linguistic origin
1935:Achaemenid Empire
1828:, a 16th-century
1810:prophet Sulayman
1531:Afghan (ethnonym)
1515:Parsioi (Πάρσιοι)
1324:Arabian Peninsula
1213:Khorasan Province
921:Pathans of Punjab
755:Pathans of Punjab
743:
742:
474:
353:
352:
152:3,200,000 (2018)
132:19,258,345 (2024)
112:43,633,946 (2023)
16:(Redirected from
15966:
15853:Mohmand campaign
15838:Afghan Civil War
15803:First Afghan War
15793:Battle of Jamrud
15768:Battle of Chausa
15730:Bannu Resolution
15657:Citizens' groups
15654:
15653:
15605:Abdul Hamid Baba
15527:Pashtun clothing
15472:Manzoor Pashteen
15467:Malala Yousafzai
15342:Wazir Akbar Khan
15256:Barakzai dynasty
15212:
15205:
15198:
15189:
15188:
14965:
14958:
14951:
14937:
14923:
14916:
14907:
14900:
14893:
14886:
14872:
14863:
14856:
14849:
14828:
14821:
14814:
14807:
14800:
14791:
14784:
14770:
14763:
14724:
14684:
14677:
14670:
14661:
14660:
14220:
14213:
14206:
14197:
14196:
14185:
14184:
14183:
14005:
13998:
13991:
13982:
13981:
13912:
13870:
13819:
13817:
13815:
13809:
13798:
13721:
13720:
13718:
13716:
13705:
13699:
13698:
13696:
13694:
13679:
13673:
13672:
13670:
13668:
13659:. Archived from
13648:
13642:
13641:
13633:
13627:
13626:
13624:
13622:
13607:
13601:
13600:
13578:
13572:
13571:
13569:
13567:
13548:
13542:
13541:
13539:
13537:
13522:
13516:
13515:
13513:
13511:
13505:
13497:Huma Ahmed-Ghosh
13494:
13486:
13480:
13479:
13477:
13475:
13456:
13450:
13449:
13447:
13432:
13424:
13418:
13417:
13415:
13413:
13398:
13387:
13384:
13378:
13375:
13369:
13362:
13356:
13343:
13337:
13336:
13330:
13322:
13311:
13305:
13304:
13293:
13287:
13286:
13284:
13282:
13267:
13261:
13260:
13257:
13247:
13239:
13233:
13232:
13221:
13215:
13214:
13203:
13197:
13196:
13185:
13179:
13178:
13167:
13161:
13160:
13149:
13143:
13142:
13124:
13118:
13117:
13099:
13093:
13092:
13090:
13088:
13079:. Archived from
13065:
13059:
13058:
13056:
13054:
13049:on 17 April 2007
13039:
13033:
13032:
13030:
13028:
13023:on 12 April 2014
13013:
13007:
13006:
13000:
12992:
12990:
12988:
12973:
12967:
12966:
12957:
12951:
12950:
12933:
12927:
12926:
12924:
12922:
12911:
12905:
12890:
12884:
12883:
12877:
12869:
12843:
12837:
12836:
12834:
12832:
12818:
12812:
12811:
12809:
12807:
12796:
12790:
12789:
12764:
12758:
12738:
12732:
12731:
12729:
12727:
12718:. Archived from
12712:
12706:
12705:
12699:
12697:
12682:
12676:
12675:
12664:
12658:
12627:
12622:
12620:
12603:
12597:
12596:
12580:
12574:
12573:
12572:. 8 August 2018.
12562:
12553:
12552:
12550:
12548:
12533:
12522:
12521:
12509:
12503:
12502:
12490:
12484:
12483:
12478:
12476:
12461:
12451:
12445:
12444:
12438:
12436:
12417:
12407:
12401:
12400:
12388:
12382:
12381:
12379:
12377:
12368:. Archived from
12353:
12347:
12346:
12344:
12342:
12327:
12321:
12320:
12295:
12289:
12283:
12277:
12276:
12274:
12272:
12261:
12255:
12254:
12252:
12250:
12235:
12229:
12228:
12226:
12224:
12210:
12204:
12203:
12194:(1/3): 231–235.
12183:
12174:
12173:
12155:
12149:
12148:
12132:
12123:
12122:
12104:
12098:
12097:
12095:
12093:
12079:
12073:
12072:
12070:
12068:
12054:
12048:
12041:
12035:
12034:
12008:
12002:
12001:
11981:
11975:
11974:
11954:
11948:
11947:
11927:
11921:
11920:
11915:
11913:
11901:G. Morgenstierne
11892:
11886:
11885:
11866:
11860:
11859:
11853:
11838:
11829:
11823:
11822:
11816:
11814:
11799:
11793:
11792:
11787:
11785:
11771:
11765:
11764:
11749:
11743:
11742:
11730:
11724:
11723:
11708:
11702:
11701:
11699:
11697:
11677:
11671:
11670:
11668:
11666:
11659:mashaalradio.org
11651:
11645:
11644:
11642:
11640:
11634:
11628:. Archived from
11617:
11606:
11600:
11580:
11574:
11562:Sociolinguistics
11558:
11552:
11551:
11549:
11547:
11536:
11530:
11529:
11501:
11495:
11494:
11492:
11490:
11484:
11477:
11468:
11462:
11461:
11443:
11437:
11436:
11434:
11432:
11405:
11399:
11398:
11396:
11394:
11375:
11366:
11365:
11363:
11361:
11355:
11348:
11339:
11333:
11332:
11312:
11306:
11305:
11294:
11288:
11287:
11285:
11283:
11269:
11263:
11262:
11226:
11220:
11219:
11217:
11215:
11206:. Archived from
11196:
11190:
11189:
11187:
11185:
11166:
11160:
11159:
11135:
11129:
11128:
11104:
11095:
11094:
11088:
11080:
11078:
11054:
11048:
11047:
11021:
11012:
11006:
11001:
10995:
10994:
10984:
10978:
10973:
10967:
10966:
10956:
10916:
10910:
10909:
10899:
10859:
10853:
10852:
10827:(3–4): 195–206.
10815:
10809:
10808:
10798:
10788:
10763:
10757:
10756:
10746:
10706:
10700:
10699:
10689:
10683:
10682:
10672:
10662:
10629:
10623:
10622:
10612:
10579:
10573:
10572:
10562:
10529:
10523:
10522:
10512:
10502:
10478:
10467:
10466:
10464:
10462:
10448:
10442:
10441:
10439:
10437:
10426:
10420:
10419:
10418:on 28 July 2011.
10417:
10406:
10398:
10392:
10391:
10389:
10387:
10372:
10366:
10365:
10363:
10361:
10346:
10340:
10339:
10329:
10323:
10322:
10318:. James Currey.
10312:
10306:
10305:
10287:
10281:
10280:
10274:
10272:
10253:
10247:
10246:
10226:
10220:
10219:
10199:
10193:
10192:
10190:
10188:
10165:
10159:
10158:
10153:
10151:
10142:. Archived from
10131:
10122:
10121:
10099:
10090:
10089:
10067:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10056:
10041:
10035:
10034:
10032:
10030:
10016:
10010:
10009:
10007:
10005:
9986:
9980:
9979:
9977:
9975:
9966:. Archived from
9955:
9949:
9948:
9942:
9940:
9929:
9920:
9914:
9913:
9873:
9867:
9866:
9855:
9849:
9848:
9846:
9844:
9835:. Archived from
9825:
9819:
9818:
9816:
9814:
9803:
9797:
9796:
9794:
9792:
9778:
9772:
9771:
9750:
9744:
9743:
9735:
9729:
9728:
9726:
9724:
9702:
9696:
9695:
9689:
9681:
9679:
9677:
9668:. Archived from
9657:
9651:
9650:
9640:
9608:
9602:
9599:
9593:
9592:
9580:
9574:
9573:
9571:
9563:
9557:
9556:
9532:
9519:
9518:
9516:
9514:
9497:
9491:
9490:
9488:
9486:
9463:
9457:
9456:
9454:
9452:
9429:
9423:
9422:
9402:
9396:
9395:
9389:
9378:
9369:
9363:
9362:
9350:
9344:
9343:
9323:
9317:
9316:
9310:
9302:
9300:
9298:
9282:
9276:
9275:
9267:
9261:
9260:
9248:
9242:
9240:
9228:
9222:
9221:
9209:
9203:
9190:
9181:
9180:
9174:
9166:
9130:
9124:
9123:
9087:
9081:
9080:
9068:Seleucus Nicator
9059:
9057:
9034:
9028:
9027:
9021:
9013:
9008:
9006:
8994:
8988:
8987:
8932:
8926:
8925:
8901:
8895:
8894:
8870:
8864:
8863:
8853:
8821:
8815:
8814:
8797:
8791:
8790:
8782:
8776:
8769:
8763:
8762:
8752:
8750:
8736:
8730:
8729:
8705:
8699:
8698:
8688:
8682:
8681:
8673:
8667:
8666:
8658:
8652:
8651:
8640:
8634:
8633:
8623:
8617:
8616:
8606:
8600:
8599:
8588:
8582:
8581:
8569:
8563:
8562:
8552:
8546:
8545:
8534:
8528:
8527:
8517:
8511:
8510:
8508:
8506:
8487:
8477:
8471:
8470:
8464:
8456:
8454:
8452:
8441:George Rawlinson
8439:. Translated by
8430:
8424:
8423:
8421:
8419:
8396:
8390:
8389:
8384:
8382:
8368:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8357:
8348:. Archived from
8338:
8332:
8331:
8329:
8327:
8304:
8298:
8297:
8295:
8293:
8270:
8264:
8261:
8255:
8254:
8245:
8243:
8221:
8215:
8197:
8191:
8190:
8167:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8156:
8133:
8120:
8119:
8099:
8090:
8089:
8087:
8085:
8066:
8060:
8059:
8057:
8055:
8046:. Archived from
8036:
8030:
8027:
8021:
8020:
8002:
7996:
7995:
7972:
7966:
7965:
7958:
7956:
7929:
7923:
7915:
7909:
7890:
7884:
7867:
7861:
7842:
7836:
7830:
7824:
7821:
7815:
7812:
7806:
7800:
7794:
7791:
7785:
7784:
7761:
7755:
7685:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7671:
7657:
7651:
7650:
7626:
7620:
7619:
7614:Cheung, Johnny.
7611:
7605:
7604:
7584:
7578:
7577:
7557:
7548:
7547:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7476:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7451:
7445:
7444:
7434:
7428:
7427:
7407:
7401:
7400:
7380:
7374:
7373:
7353:
7347:
7346:
7344:
7342:
7328:
7322:
7321:
7319:
7317:
7306:
7300:
7299:
7297:
7295:
7280:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7269:
7255:
7249:
7235:
7229:
7223:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7212:
7198:
7192:
7189:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7155:
7149:
7148:
7143:
7141:
7127:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7116:
7102:
7096:
7095:
7075:
7069:
7068:
7063:
7061:
7047:
7041:
7040:
7034:
7032:
7018:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7007:
6993:
6987:
6986:
6968:
6962:
6961:
6941:
6932:
6931:
6919:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6885:
6879:
6878:
6854:
6845:
6844:
6833:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6822:
6803:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6777:
6771:
6770:
6762:
6756:
6755:
6744:
6735:
6734:
6716:
6710:
6709:
6697:
6691:
6690:
6679:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6653:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6627:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6601:
6595:
6594:
6583:
6577:
6576:
6570:
6562:
6560:
6558:
6542:
6533:
6532:
6520:
6514:
6513:
6507:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6480:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6455:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6429:
6423:
6422:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6386:
6384:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6341:
6335:
6334:
6313:
6304:
6303:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6267:
6261:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6221:
6207:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6187:. Archived from
6177:
6171:
6170:
6163:
6161:
6139:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6128:
6114:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6058:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6034:
6022:
6016:
6015:
5989:
5983:
5982:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5948:
5940:
5908:
5902:
5901:
5895:
5893:
5884:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5773:
5767:
5766:
5742:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5719:. Archived from
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5689:. Archived from
5667:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5618:Abdul Hai Habibi
5609:
5603:
5602:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5565:
5556:
5555:
5532:
5523:
5522:
5498:
5492:
5491:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5311:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5284:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5243:
5234:
5233:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5054:
5048:
5038:Afghan-Americans
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5010:
5004:
5003:
4997:
4995:
4976:
4965:
4964:
4958:
4950:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4930:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4880:
4878:
4861:
4852:
4851:
4850:. 11 April 2023.
4844:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4827:
4793:
4791:
4785:
4777:
4771:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4738:
4729:
4714:List of Pashtuns
4670:Afghan Civil War
4620:and founded the
4566:Malala Yousafzai
4332:Voice of America
4257:Pareshan Khattak
4221:Abdul Ghani Khan
4213:Khan Roshan Khan
4174:Abdul Hai Habibi
3959:Sahih Al-Bukhari
3898:tribe while the
3817:
3799:
3766:Islamic holidays
3712:Pashtun clothing
3666:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3579:
3544:
3483:Pashto phonology
3448:communist rulers
3281:Gul Agha Sherzai
3273:Asadullah Khalid
3263:and his brother
3171:Malala Yousafzai
3151:Mujeeb Ur Rahman
3052:Finance Minister
3046:. These include
3025:Zalmay Khalilzad
3015:Afghan Astronaut
2878:Zalmay Khalilzad
2801:views including
2761:from his cousin
2743:, following the
2676:, standing with
2613:Barakzai dynasty
2518:
2497:
2484:
2390:Tabaqat-i Nasiri
2380:in the reign of
2324:Aydogdy Kurbanov
2166:Ancient Egyptian
2041:Sogdian language
1996:
1830:Muslim historian
1821:
1784:Abulfazl Beyhaqi
1705:
1679:
1668:
1657:
1606:Christian Lassen
1509:
1480:
1459:
1423:
1393:
1382:
1284:In other regions
1262:Azad Khan Afghan
1209:Durrani Pashtuns
1179:. Following the
925:Pathans of Sindh
911:Pathans in India
800:Dera Ismail Khan
782:and west of the
759:Pathans of Sindh
747:Pashtun diaspora
735:
728:
721:
634:List of Pashtuns
587:
586:
565:Pashtun diaspora
531:. Additionally,
479:
473:romanized:
472:
470:
462:
461:
458:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
427:
426:
423:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
291:
287:
285:
284:
271:
267:
265:
264:
251:
247:
245:
244:
231:
227:
225:
224:
211:
207:
205:
204:
191:
187:
185:
184:
171:
167:
165:
164:
149:
145:
143:
142:
129:
125:
123:
122:
109:
105:
103:
102:
87:
81:
74:Total population
66:
52:
48:
21:
15974:
15973:
15969:
15968:
15967:
15965:
15964:
15963:
15884:
15883:
15882:
15877:
15755:
15749:
15702:
15692:
15676:
15652:
15639:
15595:Khushal Khattak
15566:
15500:Pashtun cuisine
15495:Pashtun culture
15481:
15272:Alauddin Khilji
15260:
15251:Durrani dynasty
15222:
15221:-related topics
15216:
15186:
15181:
15103:
15087:
15066:
15055:Ancient peoples
15050:
15014:
14715:'Ajam of Kuwait
14693:
14691:Iranian peoples
14688:
14658:
14653:
14360:Indus Kohistani
14229:
14224:
14194:
14189:
14181:
14179:
14173:
14142:
14014:
14009:
13979:
13970:Wayback Machine
13948:Spain, James W.
13909:
13867:
13813:
13811:
13807:
13796:
13730:
13728:Further reading
13725:
13724:
13714:
13712:
13707:
13706:
13702:
13692:
13690:
13680:
13676:
13666:
13664:
13649:
13645:
13634:
13630:
13620:
13618:
13608:
13604:
13597:
13579:
13575:
13565:
13563:
13550:
13549:
13545:
13535:
13533:
13524:
13523:
13519:
13509:
13507:
13503:
13492:
13488:
13487:
13483:
13473:
13471:
13458:
13457:
13453:
13445:
13435:law.harvard.edu
13430:
13426:
13425:
13421:
13411:
13409:
13400:
13399:
13390:
13385:
13381:
13376:
13372:
13363:
13359:
13353:Wayback Machine
13344:
13340:
13324:
13323:
13313:
13312:
13308:
13303:. 26 June 2012.
13295:
13294:
13290:
13280:
13278:
13269:
13268:
13264:
13258:
13240:
13236:
13223:
13222:
13218:
13205:
13204:
13200:
13187:
13186:
13182:
13169:
13168:
13164:
13151:
13150:
13146:
13139:
13125:
13121:
13114:
13100:
13096:
13086:
13084:
13067:
13066:
13062:
13052:
13050:
13041:
13040:
13036:
13026:
13024:
13015:
13014:
13010:
12994:
12993:
12986:
12984:
12975:
12974:
12970:
12959:
12958:
12954:
12947:
12935:
12934:
12930:
12920:
12918:
12913:
12912:
12908:
12891:
12887:
12871:
12870:
12858:
12844:
12840:
12830:
12828:
12820:
12819:
12815:
12805:
12803:
12798:
12797:
12793:
12781:
12765:
12761:
12752:Wayback Machine
12739:
12735:
12725:
12723:
12722:on 15 July 2007
12714:
12713:
12709:
12695:
12693:
12684:
12683:
12679:
12666:
12665:
12661:
12653:Sabrina Toppa,
12652:
12646:
12640:
12634:
12628:
12618:
12616:
12604:
12600:
12581:
12577:
12564:
12563:
12556:
12546:
12544:
12534:
12525:
12511:
12510:
12506:
12491:
12487:
12474:
12472:
12470:
12452:
12448:
12434:
12432:
12430:
12408:
12404:
12389:
12385:
12375:
12373:
12372:on 28 June 2006
12360:The Noble Quran
12354:
12350:
12340:
12338:
12329:
12328:
12324:
12314:
12306:. p. 785.
12296:
12292:
12284:
12280:
12270:
12268:
12263:
12262:
12258:
12248:
12246:
12237:
12236:
12232:
12222:
12220:
12212:
12211:
12207:
12184:
12177:
12170:
12156:
12152:
12133:
12126:
12119:
12105:
12101:
12091:
12089:
12081:
12080:
12076:
12066:
12064:
12056:
12055:
12051:
12042:
12038:
12031:
12010:
12009:
12005:
11998:
11982:
11978:
11971:
11955:
11951:
11944:
11928:
11924:
11911:
11909:
11894:
11893:
11889:
11882:
11868:
11867:
11863:
11851:
11836:
11830:
11826:
11812:
11810:
11800:
11796:
11783:
11781:
11773:
11772:
11768:
11750:
11746:
11731:
11727:
11709:
11705:
11695:
11693:
11686:British Council
11678:
11674:
11664:
11662:
11653:
11652:
11648:
11638:
11636:
11635:on 12 July 2018
11632:
11626:
11615:
11607:
11603:
11590:Wayback Machine
11581:
11577:
11559:
11555:
11545:
11543:
11538:
11537:
11533:
11502:
11498:
11488:
11486:
11482:
11475:
11469:
11465:
11458:
11444:
11440:
11430:
11428:
11426:
11406:
11402:
11392:
11390:
11377:
11376:
11369:
11359:
11357:
11353:
11346:
11340:
11336:
11329:
11313:
11309:
11304:. 19 June 2015.
11296:
11295:
11291:
11281:
11279:
11271:
11270:
11266:
11227:
11223:
11213:
11211:
11198:
11197:
11193:
11183:
11181:
11168:
11167:
11163:
11152:
11136:
11132:
11121:
11105:
11098:
11082:
11081:
11055:
11051:
11019:
11013:
11009:
11002:
10998:
10985:
10981:
10974:
10970:
10917:
10913:
10860:
10856:
10816:
10812:
10764:
10760:
10707:
10703:
10690:
10686:
10630:
10626:
10580:
10576:
10530:
10526:
10479:
10470:
10460:
10458:
10450:
10449:
10445:
10435:
10433:
10428:
10427:
10423:
10415:
10404:
10400:
10399:
10395:
10385:
10383:
10373:
10369:
10359:
10357:
10347:
10343:
10331:
10330:
10326:
10314:
10313:
10309:
10302:
10288:
10284:
10270:
10268:
10255:
10254:
10250:
10243:
10227:
10223:
10216:
10200:
10196:
10186:
10184:
10182:
10166:
10162:
10149:
10147:
10132:
10125:
10114:
10100:
10093:
10086:
10068:
10064:
10054:
10052:
10042:
10038:
10028:
10026:
10018:
10017:
10013:
10003:
10001:
10000:on 23 July 2017
9994:Pakistan Herald
9988:
9987:
9983:
9973:
9971:
9956:
9952:
9938:
9936:
9927:
9921:
9917:
9894:10.2307/2645419
9874:
9870:
9865:. 18 June 2018.
9857:
9856:
9852:
9842:
9840:
9827:
9826:
9822:
9812:
9810:
9805:
9804:
9800:
9790:
9788:
9780:
9779:
9775:
9765:
9751:
9747:
9736:
9732:
9722:
9720:
9703:
9699:
9683:
9682:
9675:
9673:
9672:on 26 July 2013
9658:
9654:
9609:
9605:
9600:
9596:
9581:
9577:
9569:
9565:
9564:
9560:
9533:
9522:
9512:
9510:
9498:
9494:
9484:
9482:
9480:
9464:
9460:
9450:
9448:
9446:
9430:
9426:
9419:
9403:
9399:
9387:
9376:
9370:
9366:
9351:
9347:
9340:
9324:
9320:
9304:
9303:
9296:
9294:
9283:
9279:
9268:
9264:
9249:
9245:
9234:
9229:
9225:
9215:
9210:
9206:
9191:
9184:
9168:
9167:
9131:
9127:
9088:
9084:
9055:
9053:
9035:
9031:
9015:
9014:
9004:
9002:
8995:
8991:
8933:
8929:
8918:
8902:
8898:
8887:
8871:
8867:
8822:
8818:
8806:. p. 105.
8798:
8794:
8783:
8779:
8770:
8766:
8748:
8746:
8738:
8737:
8733:
8722:
8706:
8702:
8690:
8689:
8685:
8674:
8670:
8659:
8655:
8641:
8637:
8625:
8624:
8620:
8608:
8607:
8603:
8590:
8589:
8585:
8570:
8566:
8554:
8553:
8549:
8535:
8531:
8519:
8518:
8514:
8504:
8502:
8500:
8478:
8474:
8458:
8457:
8450:
8448:
8432:
8431:
8427:
8417:
8415:
8413:
8397:
8393:
8380:
8378:
8370:
8369:
8365:
8355:
8353:
8340:
8339:
8335:
8325:
8323:
8321:
8305:
8301:
8291:
8289:
8287:
8271:
8267:
8262:
8258:
8241:
8239:
8223:
8222:
8218:
8198:
8194:
8184:
8168:
8164:
8154:
8152:
8150:
8134:
8123:
8116:
8100:
8093:
8083:
8081:
8068:
8067:
8063:
8053:
8051:
8038:
8037:
8033:
8028:
8024:
8017:
8003:
7999:
7989:
7973:
7969:
7954:
7952:
7950:
7930:
7926:
7916:
7912:
7891:
7887:
7868:
7864:
7843:
7839:
7831:
7827:
7822:
7818:
7813:
7809:
7801:
7797:
7792:
7788:
7781:
7762:
7758:
7686:
7682:
7669:
7667:
7659:
7658:
7654:
7647:
7627:
7623:
7612:
7608:
7601:
7585:
7581:
7574:
7558:
7551:
7541:
7517:
7513:
7493:
7477:
7473:
7463:
7461:
7453:
7452:
7448:
7435:
7431:
7424:
7408:
7404:
7397:
7381:
7377:
7370:
7354:
7350:
7340:
7338:
7330:
7329:
7325:
7315:
7313:
7308:
7307:
7303:
7293:
7291:
7282:
7281:
7277:
7267:
7265:
7257:
7256:
7252:
7236:
7232:
7226:Macdonell, A.A.
7224:
7220:
7210:
7208:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7190:
7186:
7176:
7174:
7172:
7156:
7152:
7139:
7137:
7129:
7128:
7124:
7114:
7112:
7104:
7103:
7099:
7092:
7076:
7072:
7059:
7057:
7049:
7048:
7044:
7030:
7028:
7020:
7019:
7015:
7005:
7003:
6995:
6994:
6990:
6983:
6969:
6965:
6958:
6942:
6935:
6920:
6913:
6903:
6901:
6886:
6882:
6871:
6855:
6848:
6835:
6834:
6830:
6820:
6818:
6805:
6804:
6800:
6790:
6788:
6787:. 27 April 2009
6779:
6778:
6774:
6763:
6759:
6746:
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6717:
6713:
6698:
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6666:
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6614:
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6603:
6602:
6598:
6585:
6584:
6580:
6564:
6563:
6556:
6554:
6543:
6536:
6529:Hindustan Times
6521:
6517:
6501:
6500:
6493:
6491:
6482:
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6474:
6464:
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6396:
6382:
6380:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6358:
6342:
6338:
6328:
6314:
6307:
6302:. 30 July 2019.
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5785:
5783:
5775:
5774:
5770:
5759:
5743:
5736:
5726:
5724:
5717:British Library
5711:
5710:
5706:
5696:
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5668:
5659:
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5437:
5433:
5422:
5406:
5402:
5391:
5375:
5371:
5361:
5359:
5349:
5341:. p. 126.
5326:
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5077:
5067:
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5055:
5051:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5007:
4993:
4991:
4978:
4977:
4968:
4952:
4951:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4928:
4922:
4918:
4908:
4906:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4876:
4874:
4862:
4855:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4819:
4797:
4796:
4763:
4759:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4710:
4698:allowed to vote
4616:campaigned for
4555:
4505:Mohammad Rizwan
4439:
4429:
4367:(percussions),
4323:Baghch-e-Simsim
4291:
4277:
4186:Amir Polad Suri
4139:Pamir languages
4119:language family
4100:Seraj al Akhbar
4081:
4075:
3858:Islamic prophet
3834:
3826:Main articles:
3824:
3784:
3778:
3738:Pashto alphabet
3714:
3708:Pashtun cuisine
3704:
3694:
3692:Pashtun culture
3688:
3680:Pashto alphabet
3659:represented by
3580:
3577:
3558:Eastern Iranian
3545:
3542:
3505:Pashto-speaking
3497:
3479:
3473:Pashto dialects
3469:Pashto alphabet
3465:
3459:
3444:Saur Revolution
3439:
3431:Main articles:
3429:
3377:
3371:
3356:Belonging to a
3336:
3301:
3048:Ghulam Mohammad
3022:U.S. Ambassador
2999:King Zahir Shah
2869:in April 1992.
2848:Afghan diaspora
2815:Shahnawaz Tanai
2803:Hafizullah Amin
2779:Hafizullah Amin
2713:Mohandas Gandhi
2689:Ashfaqulla Khan
2678:Mohandas Gandhi
2654:divided by the
2648:Pashtun regions
2605:Durrani dynasty
2557:Delhi Sultanate
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2498:
2496:
2485:
2482:
2403:Ten Lost Tribes
2399:tribe of Joseph
2362:oral traditions
2358:anthropologists
2354:
2348:
2343:
2263:
2232:Seleucid Empire
2188:
2100:
2029:Eastern Iranian
2003:
1997:
1991:
1952:Iranian plateau
1937:in 500 BCE
1912:
1894:
1888:
1822:
1816:
1776:Mahmud Ghaznavi
1759:Tarikh-i Yamini
1717:, Afghanistan.
1706:
1703:
1680:
1677:
1669:
1666:
1658:
1655:
1641:Sassanid Empire
1610:J. W. McCrindle
1533:
1527:
1510:
1507:
1493:Eastern-Iranian
1481:
1478:
1464:Joseph Marquart
1460:
1457:
1424:
1421:
1398:Heinrich Zimmer
1394:
1391:
1351:A tribe called
1349:
1344:
1336:Afghan diaspora
1296:
1290:Afghan diaspora
1286:
1241:Ghilji Pashtuns
1201:
939:
913:
907:
776:
766:
761:
739:
585:
525:Eastern Iranian
521:Pashto language
433:
429:
398:
394:
363:
359:
336:
321:Northern Pashto
317:Southern Pashto
282:
280:
262:
260:
242:
240:
222:
220:
202:
200:
182:
180:
162:
160:
153:
140:
138:
120:
118:
100:
98:
82:
69:
57:
47:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15972:
15962:
15961:
15956:
15954:Pashtun people
15951:
15946:
15941:
15936:
15931:
15926:
15921:
15919:Iranian nomads
15916:
15911:
15906:
15901:
15896:
15879:
15878:
15876:
15875:
15870:
15865:
15860:
15858:Tribal revolts
15855:
15850:
15845:
15840:
15835:
15830:
15825:
15823:Tirah campaign
15820:
15815:
15810:
15805:
15800:
15795:
15790:
15785:
15780:
15775:
15773:Malandari Pass
15770:
15765:
15759:
15757:
15751:
15750:
15748:
15747:
15742:
15737:
15732:
15727:
15722:
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15706:
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15627:
15622:
15617:
15612:
15607:
15602:
15597:
15592:
15587:
15582:
15580:Amir Kror Suri
15576:
15574:
15568:
15567:
15565:
15564:
15559:
15554:
15549:
15544:
15542:Pashtun tribes
15539:
15537:Pashto singers
15534:
15529:
15524:
15523:
15522:
15515:Pashtunization
15512:
15507:
15502:
15497:
15491:
15489:
15483:
15482:
15480:
15479:
15474:
15469:
15464:
15459:
15454:
15449:
15444:
15439:
15434:
15429:
15424:
15419:
15414:
15409:
15404:
15399:
15394:
15389:
15384:
15379:
15377:Amanullah Khan
15374:
15369:
15364:
15359:
15354:
15349:
15344:
15339:
15334:
15329:
15324:
15319:
15314:
15309:
15304:
15299:
15294:
15289:
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15279:
15274:
15268:
15266:
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15259:
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15248:
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15238:
15232:
15230:
15224:
15223:
15215:
15214:
15207:
15200:
15192:
15183:
15182:
15180:
15179:
15177:Zoroastrianism
15174:
15169:
15164:
15159:
15154:
15149:
15144:
15139:
15134:
15129:
15124:
15119:
15113:
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14992:
14987:
14982:
14977:
14972:
14971:
14970:
14963:
14956:
14944:
14943:
14942:
14939:Pashtun tribes
14930:
14929:
14928:
14921:
14914:
14913:
14912:
14905:
14891:
14888:Chinese Tajiks
14879:
14878:
14877:
14870:
14869:
14868:
14854:
14842:
14837:
14836:
14835:
14834:
14833:
14819:
14812:
14805:
14798:
14797:
14796:
14777:
14776:
14775:
14768:
14765:Kurdish tribes
14756:
14751:
14746:
14741:
14736:
14731:
14730:
14729:
14717:
14712:
14707:
14701:
14699:
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14447:
14442:
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14392:
14387:
14382:
14377:
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14367:
14362:
14357:
14352:
14347:
14342:
14337:
14332:
14327:
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14307:
14302:
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14287:
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14272:
14267:
14266:
14265:
14260:
14250:
14245:
14240:
14234:
14231:
14230:
14223:
14222:
14215:
14208:
14200:
14191:
14190:
14178:
14175:
14174:
14172:
14171:
14166:
14161:
14156:
14150:
14148:
14144:
14143:
14141:
14140:
14135:
14134:
14133:
14128:
14123:
14118:
14113:
14103:
14098:
14093:
14088:
14083:
14078:
14073:
14068:
14063:
14058:
14053:
14048:
14043:
14038:
14033:
14028:
14022:
14020:
14016:
14015:
14008:
14007:
14000:
13993:
13985:
13978:
13977:
13959:
13945:
13930:Hopkirk, Peter
13927:
13913:
13907:
13894:
13891:online version
13885:
13871:
13865:
13852:
13838:
13820:
13789:
13778:
13763:
13760:
13757:Ahmed, Akbar S
13754:
13743:
13731:
13729:
13726:
13723:
13722:
13700:
13674:
13643:
13628:
13602:
13595:
13573:
13543:
13517:
13506:on 18 May 2011
13481:
13451:
13419:
13388:
13379:
13370:
13357:
13338:
13306:
13288:
13277:. 23 July 2013
13262:
13234:
13216:
13198:
13180:
13162:
13144:
13137:
13119:
13112:
13094:
13060:
13034:
13008:
12968:
12952:
12945:
12928:
12906:
12885:
12856:
12838:
12813:
12791:
12779:
12759:
12733:
12707:
12677:
12659:
12635:Beena Sarwar,
12613:Pakistan Today
12598:
12575:
12570:thebetterindia
12554:
12523:
12504:
12485:
12481:Sikh Pashtuns.
12468:
12446:
12428:
12402:
12383:
12348:
12322:
12312:
12290:
12278:
12256:
12230:
12205:
12175:
12168:
12150:
12124:
12117:
12099:
12074:
12049:
12036:
12029:
12003:
11996:
11976:
11969:
11949:
11942:
11922:
11887:
11880:
11861:
11824:
11794:
11766:
11744:
11725:
11703:
11672:
11661:. 22 July 2014
11646:
11624:
11601:
11575:
11553:
11531:
11518:10.2307/602038
11496:
11463:
11456:
11438:
11424:
11400:
11367:
11334:
11327:
11307:
11289:
11264:
11237:(3): 482–510.
11221:
11204:The New Yorker
11191:
11161:
11150:
11130:
11119:
11096:
11049:
11007:
10996:
10979:
10968:
10911:
10874:(1027): 1027.
10854:
10810:
10758:
10701:
10684:
10645:(10): e76748.
10624:
10595:(1): 124–131.
10574:
10545:(1): 164–172.
10524:
10468:
10443:
10421:
10393:
10367:
10341:
10324:
10307:
10300:
10282:
10267:on 3 July 2003
10248:
10241:
10221:
10214:
10194:
10180:
10160:
10123:
10112:
10091:
10084:
10062:
10036:
10011:
9981:
9950:
9915:
9888:(7): 621–634.
9868:
9850:
9833:Pakpost.gov.pk
9820:
9809:. I Love India
9798:
9773:
9763:
9745:
9730:
9712:; et al.
9697:
9652:
9603:
9594:
9575:
9558:
9520:
9500:Oreck, Alden.
9492:
9479:978-0391041738
9478:
9458:
9444:
9424:
9417:
9397:
9364:
9355:Afghan Studies
9345:
9338:
9318:
9277:
9262:
9243:
9231:Rezakhani 2017
9223:
9204:
9194:ḴALAJ i. TRIBE
9182:
9145:(2): 417–437.
9125:
9082:
9029:
8989:
8943:. p. 28.
8927:
8916:
8896:
8885:
8865:
8836:(1): 121–126.
8816:
8792:
8777:
8764:
8731:
8720:
8700:
8683:
8668:
8653:
8635:
8618:
8601:
8583:
8564:
8547:
8529:
8512:
8498:
8472:
8425:
8411:
8391:
8363:
8333:
8319:
8299:
8285:
8265:
8256:
8238:on 14 May 2013
8216:
8192:
8182:
8162:
8148:
8121:
8114:
8091:
8074:Ch. M. Kieffer
8061:
8031:
8022:
8015:
7997:
7987:
7967:
7948:
7924:
7910:
7885:
7862:
7837:
7825:
7816:
7807:
7795:
7786:
7779:
7756:
7754:
7753:
7734:
7717:
7698:
7680:
7652:
7645:
7621:
7606:
7599:
7579:
7572:
7549:
7539:
7511:
7491:
7471:
7446:
7429:
7422:
7402:
7395:
7375:
7368:
7348:
7323:
7301:
7275:
7250:
7230:
7218:
7193:
7184:
7170:
7150:
7122:
7097:
7090:
7070:
7042:
7013:
6988:
6981:
6963:
6956:
6933:
6911:
6880:
6869:
6846:
6841:Joshua Project
6828:
6798:
6772:
6757:
6752:Joshua Project
6736:
6729:
6711:
6692:
6687:Joshua Project
6674:
6648:
6622:
6596:
6593:. 23 May 2015.
6578:
6534:
6515:
6472:
6450:
6424:
6414:
6394:
6363:
6356:
6336:
6326:
6305:
6287:
6262:
6227:
6202:
6191:on 17 May 2020
6172:
6152:. Dallas, TX:
6134:
6109:
6083:
6069:
6043:
6017:
6006:
6000:. p. 18.
5984:
5956:
5903:
5870:
5860:
5842:
5823:
5813:
5793:
5768:
5757:
5734:
5723:on 2 July 2010
5704:
5657:
5632:
5604:
5585:
5557:
5547:
5524:
5513:
5493:
5482:
5462:
5451:
5431:
5420:
5400:
5389:
5369:
5347:
5320:
5293:
5265:
5258:
5235:
5228:
5208:
5177:
5152:
5135:perepis2002.ru
5122:
5096:
5075:
5049:
5026:
5005:
4966:
4916:
4888:
4853:
4839:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4795:
4794:
4757:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4712:Main article:
4709:
4708:Notable people
4706:
4642:Marilyn Monroe
4618:women's rights
4606:King Amanullah
4554:
4551:
4525:Mohammad Wasim
4521:Iftikhar Ahmed
4517:Shaheen Afridi
4509:Usman Shinwari
4428:
4425:
4276:
4275:Media and arts
4273:
4241:Hamza Shinwari
4205:Pashto Ghazals
4203:who developed
4178:Amir Kror Suri
4159:Vedic Sanskrit
4077:Main article:
4074:
4071:
4006:, India after
3937:of Afghanistan
3935:Kunar Province
3869:Zoroastrianism
3823:
3820:
3780:Main article:
3777:
3774:
3746:Persian Empire
3690:Main article:
3687:
3684:
3575:
3540:
3477:Pashto grammar
3461:Main article:
3458:
3455:
3428:
3425:
3375:Pashtun tribes
3373:Main article:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3354:
3347:
3335:
3332:
3317:Swabi District
3300:
3297:
3238:Mohammad Yunus
3163:Hamza Shinwari
3155:Mohammad Wasim
3139:Shaheen Afridi
2964:Yousef Pashtun
2952:Omar Zakhilwal
2936:Amirzai Sangin
2898:Suhail Shaheen
2741:Amanullah Khan
2665:Leader of the
2573:Durrani Empire
2524:
2521:
2511:
2494:
2480:
2350:Main article:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2316:Durrani Empire
2279:Josef Markwart
2262:
2259:
2187:
2184:
2099:
2098:Diverse origin
2096:
2057:Khotanese Saka
2033:Munji language
2002:
1999:
1989:
1979:confederation.
1964:) between the
1948:Iranian tribes
1930:Pactyan people
1890:Main article:
1887:
1884:
1851:Mutla-ul-Anwar
1814:
1792:Khilji dynasty
1788:Ghurid Kingdom
1743:Tarikh-ul Hind
1711:Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam
1701:
1693:Brihat-samhita
1675:
1664:
1653:
1526:
1523:
1505:
1476:
1455:
1443:Thomas Holdich
1419:
1389:
1377:Vedic Sanskrit
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1304:United Kingdom
1285:
1282:
1250:Durrani Empire
1211:living in the
1200:
1197:
966:colonial India
909:Main article:
906:
903:
868:Mazar-i-Sharif
765:
762:
741:
740:
738:
737:
730:
723:
715:
712:
711:
710:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
656:
655:
649:
648:
647:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
603:
602:
596:
595:
584:
581:
527:branch of the
351:
350:
348:Iranic peoples
343:
342:
338:
337:
332:Predominantly
329:
328:
324:
323:
313:Central Pashto
301:
300:
296:
295:
292:
276:
275:
272:
256:
255:
252:
236:
235:
232:
216:
215:
214:100,000 (2009)
212:
209:United Kingdom
196:
195:
194:538,000 (2021)
192:
176:
175:
174:169,000 (2022)
172:
156:
155:
154:21,677 (2011)
150:
134:
133:
130:
114:
113:
110:
94:
93:
89:
88:
76:
75:
71:
70:
67:
59:
58:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15971:
15960:
15957:
15955:
15952:
15950:
15947:
15945:
15942:
15940:
15937:
15935:
15932:
15930:
15927:
15925:
15924:Modern nomads
15922:
15920:
15917:
15915:
15912:
15910:
15907:
15905:
15902:
15900:
15897:
15895:
15892:
15891:
15889:
15874:
15871:
15869:
15866:
15864:
15861:
15859:
15856:
15854:
15851:
15849:
15846:
15844:
15841:
15839:
15836:
15834:
15831:
15829:
15826:
15824:
15821:
15819:
15816:
15814:
15811:
15809:
15806:
15804:
15801:
15799:
15796:
15794:
15791:
15789:
15786:
15784:
15781:
15779:
15776:
15774:
15771:
15769:
15766:
15764:
15761:
15760:
15758:
15752:
15746:
15743:
15741:
15738:
15736:
15733:
15731:
15728:
15726:
15723:
15721:
15718:
15716:
15713:
15711:
15708:
15707:
15705:
15703:controversies
15699:
15689:
15686:
15685:
15683:
15679:
15674:
15671:
15669:
15666:
15664:
15661:
15659:
15655:
15649:
15648:
15646:
15642:
15636:
15633:
15631:
15628:
15626:
15625:Ajmal Khattak
15623:
15621:
15618:
15616:
15613:
15611:
15610:Hussain Hotak
15608:
15606:
15603:
15601:
15598:
15596:
15593:
15591:
15588:
15586:
15583:
15581:
15578:
15577:
15575:
15573:
15569:
15563:
15560:
15558:
15555:
15553:
15550:
15548:
15545:
15543:
15540:
15538:
15535:
15533:
15530:
15528:
15525:
15521:
15518:
15517:
15516:
15513:
15511:
15508:
15506:
15503:
15501:
15498:
15496:
15493:
15492:
15490:
15488:
15484:
15478:
15475:
15473:
15470:
15468:
15465:
15463:
15462:Malalai Kakar
15460:
15458:
15455:
15453:
15450:
15448:
15445:
15443:
15442:Mohammed Omar
15440:
15438:
15435:
15433:
15430:
15428:
15425:
15423:
15420:
15418:
15415:
15413:
15410:
15408:
15405:
15403:
15400:
15398:
15395:
15393:
15390:
15388:
15387:Mulla Powinda
15385:
15383:
15380:
15378:
15375:
15373:
15370:
15368:
15365:
15363:
15360:
15358:
15355:
15353:
15350:
15348:
15345:
15343:
15340:
15338:
15335:
15333:
15330:
15328:
15325:
15323:
15320:
15318:
15317:Mirwais Hotak
15315:
15313:
15310:
15308:
15305:
15303:
15300:
15298:
15297:Sher Shah Sur
15295:
15293:
15290:
15288:
15285:
15283:
15280:
15278:
15275:
15273:
15270:
15269:
15267:
15263:
15257:
15254:
15252:
15249:
15247:
15246:Hotak dynasty
15244:
15242:
15239:
15237:
15234:
15233:
15231:
15229:
15225:
15220:
15213:
15208:
15206:
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15199:
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15190:
15178:
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15133:
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15128:
15125:
15123:
15120:
15118:
15115:
15114:
15112:
15110:
15106:
15100:
15097:
15096:
15094:
15090:
15084:
15081:
15079:
15078:Indo-Iranians
15076:
15075:
15073:
15069:
15063:
15060:
15059:
15057:
15053:
15047:
15044:
15042:
15039:
15037:
15034:
15032:
15031:Bukharan Jews
15029:
15027:
15024:
15023:
15021:
15017:
15011:
15008:
15006:
15003:
15001:
14998:
14996:
14993:
14991:
14988:
14986:
14983:
14981:
14978:
14976:
14973:
14968:
14964:
14961:
14957:
14954:
14953:Arab-Persians
14950:
14949:
14948:
14945:
14940:
14936:
14935:
14934:
14931:
14926:
14922:
14919:
14915:
14910:
14906:
14903:
14899:
14898:
14896:
14892:
14889:
14885:
14884:
14883:
14880:
14875:
14871:
14866:
14862:
14861:
14859:
14855:
14852:
14848:
14847:
14846:
14843:
14841:
14838:
14831:
14827:
14826:
14824:
14823:Southern Lurs
14820:
14817:
14813:
14810:
14806:
14803:
14799:
14794:
14790:
14789:
14787:
14783:
14782:
14781:
14778:
14773:
14769:
14766:
14762:
14761:
14760:
14757:
14755:
14752:
14750:
14747:
14745:
14742:
14740:
14737:
14735:
14732:
14727:
14726:Baloch tribes
14723:
14722:
14721:
14718:
14716:
14713:
14711:
14708:
14706:
14703:
14702:
14700:
14698:Ethnic groups
14696:
14692:
14685:
14680:
14678:
14673:
14671:
14666:
14665:
14662:
14648:
14645:
14643:
14640:
14638:
14635:
14633:
14630:
14628:
14625:
14624:
14623:
14620:
14618:
14615:
14613:
14610:
14606:
14603:
14601:
14598:
14596:
14593:
14591:
14588:
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14581:
14578:
14576:
14573:
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14568:
14566:
14563:
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14556:
14553:
14549:
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14545:
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14539:
14536:
14534:
14531:
14527:
14524:
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14519:
14518:
14517:
14514:
14510:
14507:
14505:
14502:
14500:
14497:
14495:
14492:
14490:
14487:
14486:
14485:
14482:
14480:
14477:
14475:
14472:
14468:
14465:
14463:
14460:
14458:
14455:
14454:
14453:
14450:
14446:
14445:Urdu speakers
14443:
14441:
14438:
14436:
14433:
14431:
14428:
14426:
14423:
14421:
14418:
14417:
14416:
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14408:
14406:
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14401:
14398:
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14378:
14376:
14373:
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14368:
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14331:
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14321:
14318:
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14313:
14311:
14308:
14306:
14303:
14301:
14298:
14296:
14293:
14291:
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14286:
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14281:
14278:
14276:
14273:
14271:
14268:
14264:
14261:
14259:
14256:
14255:
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14232:
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14214:
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14124:
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14102:
14099:
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14092:
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14072:
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14067:
14064:
14062:
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14047:
14044:
14042:
14039:
14037:
14034:
14032:
14029:
14027:
14024:
14023:
14021:
14019:Ethnic groups
14017:
14013:
14006:
14001:
13999:
13994:
13992:
13987:
13986:
13983:
13975:
13971:
13967:
13964:
13960:
13957:
13953:
13949:
13946:
13943:
13942:1-56836-022-3
13939:
13935:
13931:
13928:
13925:
13924:1-58736-169-8
13921:
13917:
13914:
13910:
13904:
13900:
13895:
13892:
13889:
13886:
13883:
13882:0-19-577634-8
13879:
13875:
13874:Dupree, Louis
13872:
13868:
13862:
13858:
13853:
13850:
13849:969-35-0554-9
13846:
13842:
13839:
13836:
13835:0-19-577221-0
13832:
13828:
13824:
13821:
13806:
13802:
13795:
13790:
13787:
13786:0-8156-2448-4
13783:
13779:
13776:
13775:0-8156-2608-8
13772:
13768:
13764:
13761:
13758:
13755:
13752:
13748:
13744:
13741:
13740:0-86356-438-0
13737:
13733:
13732:
13710:
13704:
13689:
13685:
13678:
13662:
13658:
13654:
13647:
13639:
13632:
13617:
13613:
13606:
13598:
13596:0-292-72756-9
13592:
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13316:
13310:
13302:
13298:
13292:
13276:
13272:
13266:
13255:
13251:
13250:The Telegraph
13246:
13238:
13230:
13229:Espn Cricinfo
13226:
13220:
13212:
13208:
13202:
13194:
13190:
13184:
13176:
13172:
13166:
13158:
13157:espn cricinfo
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12910:
12903:
12902:0-7818-0972-X
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12641:Sonia Dhami,
12638:
12632:
12629:Ruchi Kumar,
12626:
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12245:. 1 July 2002
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12062:glottolog.org
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10105:
10098:
10096:
10087:
10081:
10077:
10073:
10066:
10051:
10047:
10040:
10025:
10021:
10015:
9999:
9995:
9991:
9985:
9970:on 3 May 2020
9969:
9965:
9961:
9954:
9947:
9935:
9934:
9926:
9919:
9911:
9907:
9903:
9899:
9895:
9891:
9887:
9883:
9879:
9872:
9864:
9863:UN university
9860:
9854:
9838:
9834:
9830:
9824:
9808:
9802:
9787:
9783:
9777:
9770:
9766:
9764:9789352061730
9760:
9756:
9749:
9741:
9734:
9719:
9715:
9711:
9707:
9701:
9693:
9687:
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9634:
9630:
9626:
9622:
9618:
9614:
9607:
9598:
9590:
9586:
9579:
9568:
9562:
9554:
9550:
9546:
9542:
9538:
9531:
9529:
9527:
9525:
9509:
9508:
9503:
9496:
9481:
9475:
9471:
9470:
9462:
9447:
9445:90-04-08265-4
9441:
9437:
9436:
9428:
9420:
9414:
9410:
9409:
9401:
9394:
9386:
9382:
9375:
9368:
9360:
9356:
9349:
9341:
9339:9781610697781
9335:
9331:
9330:
9322:
9314:
9308:
9292:
9288:
9285:Minorsky, V.
9281:
9273:
9266:
9258:
9254:
9247:
9238:
9233:, p. 135
9232:
9227:
9219:
9213:
9208:
9202:
9200:
9195:
9189:
9187:
9178:
9172:
9165:
9160:
9156:
9152:
9148:
9144:
9140:
9136:
9133:Minorsky, V.
9129:
9121:
9117:
9113:
9109:
9105:
9101:
9098:(5): 484–90.
9097:
9093:
9086:
9079:
9077:
9073:
9070:gave them to
9069:
9065:
9051:
9047:
9045:
9040:
9033:
9025:
9019:
9012:
9000:
8993:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8976:
8972:
8968:
8964:
8960:
8956:
8952:
8948:
8942:
8938:
8931:
8924:
8919:
8913:
8909:
8908:
8900:
8893:
8888:
8882:
8878:
8877:
8869:
8861:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8843:
8839:
8835:
8831:
8827:
8820:
8813:
8811:
8805:
8804:
8796:
8788:
8781:
8774:
8768:
8761:
8758:
8745:
8741:
8735:
8728:
8723:
8717:
8713:
8712:
8704:
8697:
8693:
8687:
8679:
8672:
8664:
8657:
8650:
8646:
8639:
8632:
8628:
8622:
8615:
8611:
8605:
8598:
8593:
8587:
8579:
8575:
8568:
8561:
8557:
8551:
8544:
8540:
8533:
8526:
8522:
8516:
8501:
8499:0-7787-9335-4
8495:
8491:
8486:
8485:
8476:
8468:
8462:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8437:
8429:
8414:
8412:81-7890-056-4
8408:
8404:
8403:
8395:
8388:
8377:
8373:
8367:
8351:
8347:
8343:
8337:
8322:
8320:0-415-34473-5
8316:
8312:
8311:
8303:
8288:
8286:90-04-09796-1
8282:
8278:
8277:
8269:
8260:
8253:
8251:
8237:
8233:
8231:
8226:
8220:
8214:
8210:
8206:
8205:81-85297-70-3
8202:
8196:
8189:
8185:
8179:
8175:
8174:
8166:
8151:
8149:0-631-19841-5
8145:
8141:
8140:
8132:
8130:
8128:
8126:
8117:
8111:
8107:
8106:
8098:
8096:
8079:
8075:
8071:
8065:
8050:on 7 May 2020
8049:
8045:
8041:
8035:
8026:
8018:
8016:1-874780-92-7
8012:
8008:
8001:
7994:
7990:
7984:
7980:
7979:
7971:
7964:
7963:
7951:
7949:3-88939-628-3
7945:
7941:
7937:
7936:
7928:
7921:
7914:
7907:
7903:
7901:
7895:
7889:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7873:
7866:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7849:
7841:
7834:
7829:
7820:
7811:
7804:
7799:
7790:
7782:
7776:
7772:
7771:
7770:Ancient India
7766:
7760:
7751:
7747:
7745:
7739:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7723:
7718:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7705:
7699:
7696:
7693:
7692:
7690:
7684:
7677:
7666:
7662:
7656:
7648:
7642:
7638:
7637:
7632:
7625:
7618:. p. 39.
7617:
7610:
7602:
7596:
7592:
7591:
7583:
7575:
7569:
7565:
7564:
7556:
7554:
7546:
7542:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7523:
7515:
7508:
7506:
7505:
7500:
7494:
7492:9788172110284
7488:
7484:
7483:
7475:
7460:
7456:
7450:
7442:
7441:
7433:
7425:
7419:
7415:
7414:
7406:
7398:
7392:
7388:
7387:
7379:
7371:
7365:
7361:
7360:
7352:
7337:
7333:
7327:
7311:
7305:
7289:
7285:
7279:
7264:
7260:
7254:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7239:Median Empire
7234:
7227:
7222:
7207:
7203:
7197:
7188:
7173:
7171:1-84277-117-5
7167:
7163:
7162:
7154:
7147:
7136:
7132:
7126:
7111:
7107:
7101:
7093:
7087:
7083:
7082:
7074:
7067:
7056:
7052:
7046:
7039:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7002:
6998:
6992:
6984:
6978:
6974:
6967:
6959:
6953:
6949:
6948:
6940:
6938:
6930:
6925:
6918:
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6899:
6895:
6891:
6884:
6877:
6872:
6866:
6862:
6861:
6853:
6851:
6842:
6838:
6832:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6802:
6786:
6782:
6776:
6768:
6761:
6753:
6749:
6743:
6741:
6732:
6726:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6703:
6696:
6688:
6684:
6678:
6663:
6659:
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6636:
6632:
6626:
6610:
6606:
6600:
6592:
6588:
6582:
6574:
6568:
6552:
6548:
6541:
6539:
6530:
6526:
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6511:
6505:
6489:
6485:
6479:
6477:
6460:
6454:
6438:
6434:
6428:
6421:
6417:
6411:
6407:
6406:
6398:
6391:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6367:
6359:
6357:9781009242523
6353:
6349:
6348:
6347:Under the Gun
6340:
6333:
6329:
6323:
6319:
6312:
6310:
6301:
6297:
6291:
6276:
6272:
6266:
6260:
6247:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6236:"Afghanistan"
6231:
6216:
6212:
6206:
6190:
6186:
6182:
6176:
6169:
6168:
6155:
6151:
6150:
6145:
6138:
6123:
6119:
6113:
6098:
6094:
6087:
6072:
6070:0-8239-3863-8
6066:
6062:
6057:
6056:
6047:
6040:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6009:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5979:
5978:lingua franca
5973:
5969:
5968:
5960:
5952:
5946:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5907:
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5888:
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5853:
5846:
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5749:
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5714:
5708:
5692:
5688:
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5680:
5678:
5672:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5646:
5642:
5636:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5608:
5600:
5596:
5589:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5554:
5550:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5531:
5529:
5521:
5516:
5510:
5506:
5505:
5497:
5490:
5485:
5479:
5475:
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5466:
5459:
5454:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5435:
5428:
5423:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5404:
5397:
5392:
5386:
5382:
5381:
5373:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5348:90-04-07120-2
5344:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5324:
5317:
5305:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5278:
5277:
5269:
5261:
5259:9781598846607
5255:
5251:
5250:
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5240:
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5225:
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5220:
5212:
5204:
5200:
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5192:
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5162:
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5126:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5085:
5079:
5064:
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5053:
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5043:
5039:
5036:
5030:
5015:
5009:
5002:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4962:
4956:
4949:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4892:
4885:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4860:
4858:
4849:
4848:"Afghanistan"
4843:
4832:
4826:
4822:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4798:
4790:
4781:
4776:
4767:
4761:
4753:
4742:
4734:
4728:
4724:
4715:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4634:
4633:Vida Samadzai
4629:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4579:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4485:Misbah-ul-Haq
4482:
4478:
4477:Shahid Afridi
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4451:
4447:
4446:Shahid Afridi
4443:
4438:
4434:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4411:known as the
4410:
4406:
4405:Waziro Atanrh
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4344:
4341:have created
4340:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4289:Pashto cinema
4286:
4282:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4245:Hanif Baktash
4242:
4238:
4234:
4233:Ajmal Khattak
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4112:native tongue
4109:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4070:
4068:
4067:Nankana Sahib
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3846:Kandahar City
3843:
3838:
3833:
3829:
3819:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3756:and regional
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3726:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3662:
3646:
3645:Karlāṇ tribes
3639:etc.) having
3638:
3631:etc.) having
3630:
3622:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3550:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3523:mother tongue
3520:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3454:
3451:
3450:were Ghilji.
3449:
3445:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3381:
3376:
3363:
3359:
3358:Pashtun tribe
3355:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3331:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3296:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3242:Indira Gandhi
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3222:Sara Ali Khan
3219:
3218:Soha Ali Khan
3215:
3214:Saif Ali Khan
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3194:Shahrukh Khan
3191:
3187:
3182:
3180:
3177:recipient in
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3147:Misbah Ul Haq
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3123:Jahangir Khan
3120:
3116:
3115:Shahid Afridi
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2972:Mullah Yaqoob
2969:
2965:
2961:
2960:Zalmay Rasoul
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2765:in 1973 on a
2764:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2725:Yusuf Khattak
2722:
2721:Muslim League
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2697:Ajmal Khattak
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2646:(1880–1901),
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2593:Indian Punjab
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:Hotak dynasty
2566:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2541:Sher Ali Khan
2539:
2535:
2530:
2517:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2329:According to
2327:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2306:According to
2304:
2302:
2298:
2297:Sims-Williams
2293:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2271:Khalaj people
2268:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2236:Maurya Empire
2233:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2180:Ismail Samani
2177:
2173:
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13767:Myron Weiner
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2375:
2365:
2355:
2328:
2320:Hephthalites
2305:
2294:
2275:al-Khwarizmi
2273:. Following
2264:
2240:
2229:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2186:Greek origin
2170:
2163:
2152:
2136:Hephthalites
2101:
2061:
2026:
1982:
1970:
1961:
1955:
1943:ethnogenesis
1940:
1928:
1919:
1879:Jewish faith
1857:, a town of
1850:
1845:, the other
1839:
1824:
1806:Kuh Sulayman
1803:
1796:
1757:
1751:
1742:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1708:
1698:
1684:
1682:
1672:
1661:
1650:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1589:
1583:
1575:
1557:
1550:
1547:etymological
1540:
1534:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1502:
1483:
1473:
1462:
1452:
1426:
1415:
1405:
1396:
1386:
1375:, a text of
1364:
1350:
1300:Commonwealth
1297:
1256:was born in
1217:Safavid Iran
1202:
1170:
1141:South Africa
1134:
1039:
1022:
1017:
959:
942:
940:
893:. Likewise,
881:The city of
880:
777:
667:Khalji Delhi
599:
538:
518:
485:
481:
355:
354:
84:
46:Ethnic group
43:
15808:Ambela Pass
15754:Battles and
15725:Durand Line
15630:Kabir Stori
15590:Rahman Baba
15505:Pashtunwali
15457:Arfa Siddiq
15277:Bahlul Lodi
15265:Key figures
15147:Manichaeism
15142:Khurramites
15026:Armeno-Tats
14555:Salvi Mewar
14526:Spin Tareen
14435:Rajasthanis
13823:Caroe, Olaf
13667:22 December
13281:1 September
12962:Afghanistan
12831:18 February
12726:14 December
12594:embroidery.
12341:14 December
12223:14 December
11431:14 December
11393:14 December
10931:(1): 1027.
10721:(1): 1027.
10461:14 December
10456:Macleans.ca
10360:27 February
10055:28 February
9843:14 December
9676:9 September
8937:The Pathans
8356:10 February
8242:31 December
8139:The Afghans
8054:18 November
7316:21 February
7237:Map of the
6300:World atlas
6280:24 February
6215:www.cia.gov
5923:(1): 1–17.
5650:22 November
5339:E. J. Brill
5145:23 February
5089:17 November
5019:17 November
4994:28 November
4942:31 December
4884:citizenship
4682:Nigar Johar
4678:Afghan Army
4658:Zarine Khan
4587:Afghan Girl
4582:Islamic law
4533:Fawad Ahmed
4513:Naseem Shah
4497:Junaid Khan
4489:Younis Khan
4306:Shamshad TV
4261:Rahman Baba
4020:Baluchistan
3967:irreligious
3955:Noble Quran
3884:Sunni Islam
3531:Afghanistan
3509:Afghanistan
3351:Pashtunwali
3334:Definitions
3261:Abdul Qadir
3226:Zarine Khan
3198:Salman Khan
3167:Kabir Stori
3143:Naseem Shah
3135:Rashid Khan
3131:Hashim Khan
3111:Younis Khan
3095:Sirajul Haq
3011:Rahman Baba
2993:The Afghan
2799:Nationalist
2717:non-violent
2667:non-violent
2656:Durand Line
2652:politically
2617:Mohamedzais
2538:Afghan Amir
2503:R1a1a*-M198
2458:who wrote:
2411:Ibn Battuta
2394:Ghor region
2301:V. Minorsky
2283:Hephthalite
2092:Old Avestan
2045:Khwarezmian
2016:warrior in
1933:during the
1818:Ibn Battuta
1798:Ibn Battuta
1780:Tocharistan
1747:Indus River
1600:words for "
1537:Middle Ages
1489:Geographica
1161:assimilated
1074:Afghanistan
1062:West Bengal
1058:Maharashtra
1006:Afghanistan
974:Farrukhabad
962:British Raj
812:Lashkar Gah
784:Indus River
506:Afghanistan
127:Afghanistan
15888:Categories
15701:Topics and
15635:Ghani Khan
15620:Hamza Baba
15600:Nazo Tokhi
15585:Pir Roshan
15547:Loya jirga
15427:Daoud Khan
15422:Zahir Shah
15392:Bacha Khan
15382:Nadir Shah
15357:Saidu Baba
14802:Feyli Lurs
14786:Bakhtiaris
14734:Bashkardis
14543:Rajasthani
14452:Nuristanis
14355:Hindkowans
14164:Pakistanis
14076:Nuristanis
13715:10 October
13693:10 October
13621:10 October
13566:10 October
13536:10 October
13510:2 December
13474:10 October
13412:10 October
13319:Khyber.org
13211:Sky Sports
13087:15 January
13077:AVT Khyber
13053:18 January
12987:18 January
12981:Khyber.org
12921:18 January
12806:18 January
12802:. Omniglot
12547:9 February
12376:18 January
12271:10 October
12087:Ethnologue
12011:"Pashto".
11912:10 October
11684:(Report).
11546:7 December
11360:10 October
11214:18 January
11184:18 January
10779:(1): 788.
10436:29 January
10386:10 October
9664:. London:
9513:10 January
9485:6 November
9297:10 January
9291:Khyber.ORG
8785:Barmazid.
8381:8 November
7670:3 November
7501: [
7464:7 November
7341:3 November
7268:2 November
7241:, showing
7211:2 November
6821:18 January
6551:Khyber.org
6494:30 January
6488:Khyber.org
6465:7 November
6443:18 January
6220:19 January
6154:Ethnologue
6076:17 October
5697:10 January
5625:24 October
5170:2 February
4877:2 November
4817:References
4809:Ethnologue
4704:by males.
4596:magazine.
4529:Yasir Shah
4481:Majid Khan
4473:Imran Khan
4469:cricketers
4328:BBC Pashto
4302:AVT Khyber
4253:Nazo Tokhi
4170:Pir Roshan
4141:, such as
3904:Parachinar
3789:lóya jirgá
3706:See also:
3676:Pir Roshan
3651:and South
3467:See also:
3321:Yousafzais
3210:Kader Khan
3202:Feroz Khan
3190:Aamir Khan
3159:Ghani Khan
3103:Imran Khan
2908:Imran Khan
2884:officials
2809:, General
2763:Zahir Shah
2756:Daoud Khan
2701:Bacha Khan
2674:Bacha Khan
2628:Great Game
2621:Zahir Shah
2585:Nader Shah
2527:See also:
2523:Modern era
2426:Israelites
2064:Badakhshan
2022:Uzbekistan
1836:, stated:
1768:Sabuktigin
1580:cavalrymen
1572:Hindu Kush
1429:Achaemenid
1274:Azerbaijan
1266:Azerbaijan
1225:Nader Shah
1122:Akbar Khan
1044:region of
1042:Rohilkhand
1018:Kabuliwala
990:Rohilkhand
986:Saharanpur
836:Abbottabad
768:See also:
677:Lodi Delhi
569:Rohilkhand
229:Tajikistan
85:63 million
15798:Herat War
15756:conflicts
15477:Ali Wazir
15417:Wali Khan
15402:Umra Khan
15292:Gaju Khan
15228:Dynasties
15167:Yarsanism
15157:Mazdaznan
15152:Mazdakism
15127:Assianism
15092:Languages
15005:Yaghnobis
14960:Basseries
14909:Oroshoris
14845:Ossetians
14830:Mamasanis
14816:Hasanvand
14570:Shumashti
14425:Gujaratis
14375:Kashmiris
14154:Armenians
14121:Qizilbash
13932:. 1984. "
13814:17 August
13368:pp. 17–18
12874:cite book
12866:879947835
12589:Arab News
12542:The Hindu
12499:The Hindu
11639:6 October
11489:20 August
11259:129436200
10849:220287795
10698:(Thesis).
10261:The Hindu
10150:23 August
9902:0004-4687
9553:234658271
9159:162589866
9092:Hum Genet
8967:Suryabans
8941:Ferozsons
8749:9 October
8744:ThoughtCo
8461:cite book
8292:23 August
8155:22 August
7900:Alexander
7767:(1977) .
7744:Alexander
7177:22 August
6390:Pakistan.
6372:"Pashtun"
6127:14 August
6122:ThoughtCo
6097:Jamestown
5937:2221-6510
5569:"Pashtun"
5357:240120731
5310:1 January
5283:1 January
5203:0555-8158
5115:3 January
5001:Srinagar.
4984:The Hindu
4646:Bollywood
4638:Madhubala
4455:Both the
4361:(drums),
4190:folk hero
4110:as their
4090:, son of
4008:partition
4004:Rajasthan
3856:that the
3798:لويه جرګه
3742:Alexander
3671:dialect.
3621:Yusafzais
3605:phonology
3566:MacKenzie
3507:areas in
3417:plarganey
3265:Abdul Haq
3206:Madhubala
3186:Bollywood
3060:Ayub Khan
3020:, former
2797:who held
2795:Khalqists
2771:proxy war
2753:President
2705:Wali Khan
2551:, in 1869
2452:Mohan Lal
2441:Babylonia
2150:descent.
2148:Israelite
2128:Scythians
2120:Bactrians
2053:Sanglechi
2010:Sculpture
1993:Vogelsang
1972:Mohan Lal
1921:Arachosia
1855:Burhanpur
1754:Ghaznavid
1739:Al-Biruni
1731:Nangarhar
1685:"Avagāṇa"
1614:É. Reclus
1564:Assakenoi
1562:, or the
1542:"Afghans"
1439:Herodotus
1432:Arachosia
1410:Histories
1402:Herodotus
1361:Dasarajna
1342:Etymology
1332:Pakistani
1318:(and the
1312:Australia
1166:Australia
1137:Caribbean
1126:Bangalore
1110:Bangalore
1106:Bangalore
1090:Karnataka
1086:Bangalore
1082:Rajasthan
1028:million).
998:Bangalore
895:Islamabad
848:Islamabad
788:Jalalabad
780:Amu river
477:Pəx̌tānə́
299:Languages
289:Australia
15172:Yazidism
15162:Scythian
14975:Semnanis
14967:Sistanis
14947:Persians
14933:Pashtuns
14902:Badzhuis
14895:Shughnis
14809:Hadavand
14754:Kumzaris
14744:Farsiwan
14739:Dehwaris
14533:Punjabis
14516:Pashtuns
14499:Shughnan
14494:Sariquli
14415:Muhajirs
14340:Gujarati
14275:Bengalis
14169:Russians
14126:Turkmens
14096:Punjabis
14091:Pashtuns
13966:Archived
13825:. 1984.
13805:Archived
13688:BBC News
13657:Newsweek
13616:BBC News
13560:Archived
13556:CBS News
13530:RAWA.org
13443:Archived
13349:Archived
13327:cite web
13254:Archived
13175:CricBuzz
13027:20 April
12997:cite web
12748:Archived
12475:20 April
12435:20 April
12397:BBC News
12243:BBC News
12214:"Pashto"
12092:20 March
12067:20 March
11849:Archived
11813:18 March
11808:DAWN.COM
11784:18 March
11586:Archived
11044:27420957
10963:35046511
10906:35046511
10841:32607672
10821:Genetica
10805:36451116
10753:35046511
10679:24204668
10639:PLOS ONE
10619:24667786
10569:32636469
10519:22510847
10409:scis.org
10271:1 August
10050:DAWN.COM
10029:9 August
10024:Samaa TV
10004:9 August
9939:13 March
9686:cite web
9647:22510847
9385:Archived
9361:: 23–33.
9307:cite web
9164:Ghilzai.
9112:14986106
9018:cite web
9005:24 March
8985:country.
8860:17047675
8580:: 40–48.
8230:Ferishta
8070:"Afghan"
7896:cavalier
7876:Sanskrit
7848:Sanskrit
7740:cavalier
7726:Sanskrit
7704:Sanskrit
7243:Pactyans
6898:Archived
6876:tribe...
6615:17 March
6591:BBC News
6567:cite web
6504:cite web
6459:"Pathan"
6195:2 August
6102:22 April
6033:13 March
6013:Punjabi.
5892:13 March
5786:29 March
5727:15 March
5331:(1985).
5068:6 August
4955:cite web
4933:Archived
4780:Bactrian
4572:laureate
4547:buzkashi
4493:Umar Gul
4459:and the
4413:Braghoni
4399:tribe),
4339:Peshawar
4318:Lemar TV
4314:TOLOnews
4135:Bactrian
4129:such as
4063:Peshawar
4047:Malakand
3877:Hinduism
3873:Buddhism
3861:Muhammad
3822:Religion
3593:Southern
3589:Northern
3585:dialects
3576:—
3573:English.
3568:states:
3541:—
3513:Pakistan
3457:Language
3413:pllarina
3360:through
3299:Genetics
2860:military
2852:Pakistan
2601:Khorasan
2597:Kohistan
2577:Safavids
2571:and the
2512:—
2495:—
2481:—
2472:Muhammad
2432:, while
2415:Ferishta
2407:Yusufzai
2386:Jehangir
2384:Emperor
2247:Kandahar
2243:Peshawar
2207:Pashtuns
2203:Pashtuns
2192:Xerxes I
2134:, Huns (
2104:Persians
2084:Ossetian
2037:Bactrian
1990:—
1962:Pactyans
1927:and the
1871:Pharaohs
1859:Khandesh
1826:Ferishta
1815:—
1772:Jayapala
1702:—
1676:—
1665:—
1654:—
1645:Bactrian
1637:Shapur I
1635:) is by
1594:Sanskrit
1582:" (from
1555:Sanskrit
1506:—
1477:—
1456:—
1420:—
1406:Pactyans
1390:—
1229:Kandahar
1173:northern
1145:Trinidad
1098:Calcutta
1070:Calcutta
1002:Pakistan
982:Calcutta
891:Peshawar
872:Mianwali
828:Peshawar
792:Kandahar
707:Barakzai
692:Taymanis
639:Language
619:Diaspora
600:Pashtuns
592:a series
590:Part of
502:Pakistan
494:pastoral
488:, are a
482:Pakhtuns
356:Pashtuns
327:Religion
107:Pakistan
50:Pashtuns
15688:Taliban
15487:Culture
15219:Pashtun
15036:Hazaras
14990:Talyshs
14980:Shabaks
14882:Pamiris
14793:Shehnis
14772:Yazidis
14720:Balochs
14705:Achomis
14642:Uyghurs
14632:Turkmen
14580:Sindhis
14560:Saraiki
14538:Purigpa
14484:Pamiris
14474:Paharis
14420:Biharis
14410:Marwari
14405:Makrani
14395:Ladakhi
14370:Kalkoti
14350:Hazaras
14300:Chinese
14295:Burusho
14280:Biharis
14263:Khetran
14238:Afghans
14159:Indians
14111:Hazaras
14086:Pashayi
14081:Pamiris
14056:Gurjars
11665:18 July
10954:8770644
10933:Bibcode
10897:8770644
10876:Bibcode
10796:9714238
10744:8770644
10723:Bibcode
10670:3799995
10647:Bibcode
10610:4266736
10560:7809292
10510:3449065
9974:26 June
9910:2645419
9638:3449065
9120:5715518
8975:Rajputs
8963:Afghans
8955:Pathans
8947:Paithan
8851:2588664
8757:Pashtun
7879:Ashvaka
7729:Ashvaka
7140:4 April
7115:4 April
7060:4 April
7031:4 April
7006:4 April
6275:cia.gov
5362:22 July
5197:(661).
5063:Reuters
5042:363,699
5035:200,000
5033:42% of
4766:Persian
4692:in the
4676:in the
4543:gheshai
4465:cricket
4421:Dayereh
4397:Khattak
4380:), and
4155:Persian
4151:Ossetic
4143:Shughni
4131:Avestan
4116:Iranian
4039:Orakzai
4030:dance.
4016:Loralai
4000:tattoos
3920:Orakzai
3900:Bangash
3762:Muslims
3686:Culture
3629:Abdalis
3613:Ghilzai
3609:Wanetsi
3597:Central
3521:is the
3503:Map of
3487:Wanetsi
3433:Durrani
3405:Karlani
3401:Bettani
3397:Sarbani
3236:tribe.
3050:(first
3040:Punjabi
2882:Taliban
2636:Russian
2632:British
2589:Kashmir
2567:), the
2547:, near
2476:Khauled
2454:quoted
2430:Assyria
2312:Durrani
2215:Burusho
2176:Bangash
2159:Sayyids
2144:Moghals
2140:Mongols
2132:Tartars
2049:Shughni
1976:Afghans
1957:Pakthas
1925:Satrapy
1875:Red Sea
1861:in the
1723:Afghans
1691:in his
1639:of the
1598:Avestan
1576:Aśvakan
1559:Aśvakan
1535:In the
1519:Pasiani
1470:150 CE:
1468:Ptolemy
1449:tribe:
1435:Satrapy
1373:Rigveda
1371:of the
1359:in the
1353:Pakthās
1268:during
1258:Mashhad
1243:to the
1149:Surinam
1050:Rohilla
943:Pathans
883:Karachi
856:Karachi
824:Mingora
702:Durrani
687:Karrani
614:Culture
543:with a
510:Afghans
490:nomadic
486:Pathans
309:Wanetsi
83:
18:Pushtun
15914:Nomads
15644:Groups
15510:Pashto
15132:Bábism
15071:Origin
15046:Shihuh
14985:Tajiks
14918:Wakhis
14865:Kudars
14851:Digors
14749:Gilaks
14710:Aimaqs
14627:Kyrgyz
14622:Turkic
14617:Torwal
14605:Memons
14590:Kutchi
14585:Jadgal
14509:Yidgha
14479:Palula
14440:Tamils
14430:Memons
14365:Kalash
14345:Gurjar
14325:Gabaro
14310:Dogras
14290:Broqpa
14285:Brahui
14270:Bateri
14258:Dehwar
14253:Baloch
14131:Uzbeks
14116:Kyrgyz
14106:Turkic
14101:Tajiks
14071:Moghol
14041:Brahui
14036:Baloch
13954:
13940:
13922:
13905:
13880:
13863:
13847:
13833:
13784:
13773:
13749:
13738:
13593:
13135:
13110:
13069:"Link"
12943:
12900:
12864:
12854:
12777:
12696:7 June
12647:Neha,
12619:31 May
12466:
12426:
12310:
12249:11 May
12200:609426
12198:
12166:
12147:(661).
12141:Pashto
12115:
12027:
11994:
11967:
11940:
11878:
11847:: 36.
11760:: 69.
11622:
11568:
11526:602038
11524:
11454:
11422:
11325:
11257:
11251:615737
11249:
11148:
11117:
11042:
10961:
10951:
10904:
10894:
10847:
10839:
10803:
10793:
10751:
10741:
10677:
10667:
10617:
10607:
10567:
10557:
10517:
10507:
10298:
10239:
10212:
10178:
10110:
10082:
9908:
9900:
9761:
9645:
9635:
9551:
9476:
9442:
9415:
9336:
9157:
9118:
9110:
9064:Aryans
9044:Strabo
8983:Rajput
8979:Masudi
8971:Masudi
8959:Sarban
8951:Rajput
8914:
8883:
8858:
8848:
8810:Ismail
8718:
8496:
8451:25 May
8409:
8317:
8283:
8250:Ghizny
8211:
8203:
8180:
8146:
8112:
8013:
7985:
7946:
7872:Greeks
7856:Asvaka
7777:
7722:Greeks
7712:Asvaka
7643:
7597:
7570:
7537:
7489:
7420:
7393:
7366:
7168:
7088:
6979:
6954:
6904:6 June
6867:
6791:6 June
6727:
6667:28 May
6641:28 May
6557:1 July
6412:
6383:29 May
6354:
6324:
6257:
6067:
6004:
5935:
5858:
5811:
5755:
5545:
5511:
5480:
5449:
5418:
5387:
5355:
5345:
5303:Pathan
5256:
5226:
5201:
5191:Pashto
4909:28 May
4784:αβγανο
4752:paṭhān
4427:Sports
4417:Tumbal
4364:tablas
4287:, and
4267:, and
4215:wrote
4149:, and
4108:Pashto
4049:, and
4043:Kurram
4012:Quetta
3908:Kurram
3888:Hanafi
3812:Pashto
3802:elders
3794:Pashto
3669:Banisi
3637:Kakars
3519:Pashto
3493:, and
3475:, and
3463:Pashto
3437:Ghilji
3421:kahols
3399:, the
3395:: the
3389:tribes
3369:Tribes
3344:Pashto
3234:Afridi
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