632:
introduced into
Thailand in 1952 and applied to juvenile detention centres under the juvenile and family court. In 1956, the use of probation was explicitly stipulated for the first time in the modern Criminal Code of Thailand as a condition of sentence or punishment in adult criminal cases. Probation was never formally invoked, however, until the Proceedings of Probation Act 1979 was enacted which was nearly twenty years later with the establishment of the first probation office, the Central Probation Office, was also established correspondingly as a division within the Office of Judicial Affairs under the Criminal Court, Ministry of Justice. In 1992, the Central Probation Office was elevated to be part of the Department of Probation separated from the court with the main roles and responsibilities in adult probationers under suspension of sentence or punishment. Responsibility for juvenile probation was then transferred to the Department of Juvenile Observation and Protection and probation for parolees was transferred to the Department of Corrections under the Ministry of Interior. The fragmentation of responsibilities led to the revision of agencies roles and responsibilities in 2001 when the cabinet had issued a resolution to re-organise probation works and the Department of Probation was proposed to be the main agency in charge of pretrial, trial and post-trial probation only for adult offenders, the aftercare services and drug rehabilitation for offenders to the department. In 2016, further the promulgation of the Probation Act 2016 significantly ameliorates and consolidates roles and responsibilities of the department and probation officers whilst offering better mechanism in order to support the essence of the implementation of non-custodial measure and rehabilitation of offenders. The work of drug addict rehabilitation is currently in the transition to the Ministry of Public Health.
544:'s obligations towards public safety. Once the offender has entered the federal correctional system, parole officers assess the needs of offenders, such as their programming needs, and the security risks they pose. Subsequently, offenders are matched with selected institutional services such as rehabilitation programs. This includes identifying the factors contributing to criminal behavior, developing intervention plans to address them, and helping offenders to undertake and complete those intervention plans. At the institutional level, parole officers make recommendations concerning offender transfers, temporary absences, and other forms of conditional release, including parole release as part of reintegrating offenders into society. Parole officers work as part of a team which includes the offender, correctional officer, community parole officer, psychologist, and programs officer. In the community, parole officers ensure public safety by making scheduled or unscheduled visits with offenders, and communicating with family, police, employers as well as other persons who may be assisting the offender. Other duties include writing progress reports and working with many community agencies to help secure stable housing, employment and income.
679:, court obligations, and in some cases supervision obligations they may owe. Depending on specific departmental policy and procedure, it is common for each individual offender to be evaluated and classified according to their risk to the community and their need for community correctional services. Higher-risk offenders are provided the greatest level of supervision and scrutiny. Most often, each jurisdiction has a specific and standard set of supervision rules that offenders must follow. Rules may include such things as obtaining permission before leaving the state of conviction, reporting residence and employment changes, avoiding contact with specific persons, zero tolerance for alcohol or illegal drug consumption, etc. In some instances, officers are permitted to conduct random offender residence inspections to search for contraband such as weapons and illegal drugs. Specialized officers such as those who supervise
605:
sentence planning and the selection and delivery of a range of interventions aimed at reducing reoffending, and on supervising; and variously devising, delivering or subcontracting schemes by which offenders having "community payback" sentences can discharge their requirement to perform unpaid work. Probation officers are also charged with providing a variety of reports on offenders throughout their criminal justice lifecycle, such as pre-sentence reports making recommendations on interventions likely to reduce the likelihood of reoffending or of causing serious harm; pre-release reports making recommendations on licence conditions or other interventions necessary for offenders being considered for release on licence; and parole reports advising the
687:
offender will return to the sentencing court to be sentenced based on the original conviction while taking into account their behavior on supervision. In some instances, a revoked offender may be sentenced directly to jail or prison depending on the type of sentence and legislation. Officers will commonly provide written reports or court testimony for the court to consider at sentencing. For those on parole or if they are finishing their prison sentence in the community, revocation of this form of supervision means that they will return to prison. Officers will also provide recommendations as to the length of time that a revoked offender will return to incarceration.
114:
45:
765:. In 2011, almost 1.1 million people were on parole in the United States. This was up from 2001, when almost 731,000 individuals were under parole supervision. Since 1980, the fastest growing population of offenders in the judicial system has been probationers, while prison populations have also continued to grow, with U.S. prisons now housing more than 1.6 million inmates.
284:. This includes knowledge of the roles, relationships, and responsibilities that are distributed among the government agencies and outside organizations such as the courts, the parole authority, the prison system, local jails, prosecuting attorneys, other law enforcement and corrections agencies, treatment providers, etc. Officers must understand applicable case law and
750:
offender rehabilitation specialist; often generically if imprecisely referred to as a probation or parole officer. Violations of parole are investigated by parole officers, and responses to violations vary by state and jurisdiction. For the most extreme violations, parole officers will revoke an individual's parole and return the offender to prison.
334:, and officers may be uniformed and integrated into the structure of the agency. In both systems, some parole and probation officers supervise general caseloads with offenders who are convicted of a variety of offenses. Others may hold specialized caseload positions, and work with specific groups of offenders such as
288:. Additionally, they must have an ability to work with an extremely diverse population of individuals who have been convicted of various crimes. They must also accept the potential hazards of working closely with a criminal population. In the United States, most jurisdictions require officers to have a four-year
728:. Generally, U.S. probation officers investigate an offender's personal and criminal history for the court prior to sentencing and then may supervise defendants who have been sentenced to probation but not to a term of incarceration (unless the conditions of probation are violated). They may also serve
622:
Probation officers are responsible for recalling offenders who have been released on licence and have breached their license conditions, and to return offenders on community payback orders to court for re-sentencing in the event of breaches of the terms of the order. The
English and Welsh system has
552:
Malta has its own probation services that form part of the
Department of Correctional Services within the Ministry of Justice & Home Affairs. The probation services have been in existence since 1957 and the first probation order was granted in 1961. There is no parole as of yet in Malta, however
740:
Most U.S. states employ parole officers via their department of corrections to supervise offenders that have served a prison term and have subsequently been paroled, or released from prison under supervision. This decision is commonly made after the review and consideration of an inmate's case by a
793:'s department. This includes both adult and juvenile probation services. These is commonly referred to as "pre-trial services". Some jurisdictions may also employ private companies under contract to supervise certain offenders in order to alleviate heavy workloads of government probation agencies.
604:
In modern times the duties of probation officers in the U.K. are to supervise offenders released on licence from custody, and to supervise offenders given non-custodial supervisory sentences at court. The work involves focuses on the management of risk of serious harm associated with offenders, on
662:
Most often, probation and parole officers will meet with offenders on their caseload either in an office setting or at the offender's residence or place of employment. These appointments usually consist of ensuring conditions of supervision are being upheld by gathering information related to the
646:
In the United States, probation and parole officers exist at the city, county, state, and federal levels, that is, wherever there is a court of competent jurisdiction. In 2020, over four million
Americans were on probation or parole. Most probation and parole officers in the U.S. are required to
268:
Responsibilities of a probation or parole officer are varied. While the majority of the public considers these officers as merely supervisors of offenders, their role within the legal system is significantly broader and more complex. While their roles vary throughout the world, they are commonly
686:
When offenders violate the terms of their supervision, it is the duty of the officer to respond within the scope of departmental policy and procedure. If the violations are severe enough, officers are tasked with revoking the supervision of an offender. For probationers, this commonly means the
609:
of the probation service view of the offender suitability for release. Such reports typically provide assessments of the criminal, the nature of crimes and effect on victims, the criminogenic needs and risk of serious harm associated with the individual, and will normally be based in part on an
749:
or other parole authority. Parolees serve the remainder of their prison sentence in the community, which in some cases, is for life. However, some jurisdictions have modified or abolished the practice of parole and instead give post-release supervision obligations to a community corrections or
631:
Probation in
Thailand is currently under the auspices of the Thailand Ministry of Justice. It has been developed through various amendment and enactment of laws and regulation along with the advancement of knowledge within criminal justice and criminology sphere. The probation system was first
530:
and judges. They also make recommendations to parole boards to determine whether a prisoner should be granted parole. Probation officers are expected to not only supervise an offender while he or she performs community service, but to also develop the community service plans themselves.
539:
Parole officers in Canada play a critical role at both the institutional and community levels. Their primary function is to assess risk and manage the intervention process with offenders throughout their sentence. They are the first line of defense when administering the
553:
a bill introducing parole has been presented in parliament. The
Maltese Probation Services gives services both at the pre-sentencing and post sentencing stages in accordance to the Probation Act (Chap. 446, Laws of Malta). Services include
768:
In some states, probation and parole officer duties are intertwined and officer's will supervise not only individuals serving community sentences after prison, but also individuals on probation as an alternative to incarceration.
623:
two levels of officer, probation officer, and probation service officer - the latter will normally have less training than the former, and will be limited to supervising offenders at low and medium risk of serious harm.
614:
analysis. Probation officers are also responsible for the provision of regular reports to courts of the progress of offenders on orders having drug testing requirements. Additionally, probation officers will supervise a
593:, and the practice of placing offenders on probation was already routinely undertaken in the London police courts by voluntary organizations such as the London Police Court Mission later known as the
713:
in 1984, and as such there are no longer any federal parole officers. However, there are a small and decreasing number of parolees still being supervised that were sentenced prior to 1984, including
857:"The public has little knowledge of parole, and seemingly even less interest. As a result, Hollywood hasn't rendered its existence with any sort of realism, so you end up with examples like
839:
youth and to reduce their risk for future offenses and may also monitor youths on GPS monitoring. Many juvenile probation agencies prefer to employ officers who have prior experience in
667:, specific case planning in the form of referrals to treatment programs based on court conditions or identified programming needs, and assisting offenders in overcoming barriers such as
1877:
269:
responsible for upholding conditions of supervision as sentenced by a court or other government entity which includes specific case management aimed at reducing an offender's
611:
113:
817:
does not impose a sentence and there is no conviction if successfully completed. Officers are responsible for overseeing and enforcing the conditions of these programs.
323:
for self-protection. Typically, probation and parole officers do not wear standard law enforcement uniforms, but dress in plainclothes, business or casual attire.
2077:
753:
Other jurisdictions have expanded the parole officer's duties to include post-incarceration supervision under special sentencing, such as convictions requiring
696:
813:
Less strict forms of supervision exist at city levels such as the "suspended imposition of sentence" (SIS), in which offenders are placed on probation but a
724:. They undergo intensive training at the Federal Probation and Pretrial Services Training Academy, located at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in
1290:
720:
personnel. U.S. probation officers supervise these cases. These officers are sworn federal law enforcement officers working under the jurisdiction of the
1800:
683:
may be tasked with enforcing specialty rules that restrict, for example, a sexual offender's ability to access the internet or possess certain items.
1057:
330:
command structure, and are usually headed by a chief, field supervisor, or director. In some U.S. states, probation departments fall under a county
485:
1721:
597:. These earlier probation services provided the inspiration for similar ideas in the humane treatment and supervision of offenders throughout the
1423:
59:
256:. Most probation and parole officers are employed by the government of the jurisdiction in which they operate, although some are employed by
754:
2195:
732:, and can perform any other function assigned by the federal court. To date, four U.S. probation officers have died in the line of duty.
702:
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1851:
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and also in former colonies of
Britain as missionaries and members of the British criminal justice system travelled the globe.
1394:
1563:
1044:, is a 2018 film that depicts the reentry of an inmate and showcases his initial meetings with his parole officer played by
2255:
1750:
1542:
1115:
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who must obtain verification of job searches for his parole officer and ends up working as a private nurse for a wealthy
476:
1086:
1078:
481:
119:
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offenders. These officers, just as those who supervise adults, work to uphold court conditions imposed on delinquent,
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93:
71:
17:
1977:
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or some other form of credentials indicating their position and sometimes rank. In some cases, they may carry a
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541:
526:
Probation and parole officers in
Australia serve an active role in recommending community based supervision to
1339:
881:
has depicted the role of probation and parole officers in a variety of ways. References to POs also occur in
675:, mental and physical health, etc. Officers will also collect the payments made by offenders toward any owed
619:
plan that provides the victim of a crime an opportunity to address the impact of the crime to the offenders.
424:
326:
The structure of probation and parole agencies varies. Traditionally, these agencies have a loosely based
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1056:(2011-2021), is an American television series that has multiple depictions of main characters such as
944:
as Jack Mabry, a parole officer nearing retirement who supervises a parolee called "Stone", played by
777:
Some jurisdictions operate probation services on a county level and officers are commonly employed by
67:
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75:
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906:, tracking down a woman he is supervising who has fled to find the man who framed her for murder.
562:
401:
281:
1343:
992:, is a parole officer, engaged to a recent parolee under his tutelage, Nikki Swango, played by
366:
Probation and parole officer training will vary depending on the legislated power given or the
162:
55:
2115:
1009:
285:
2196:"Q&A: A Probation & Parole Officer Explains What Hollywood Gets Wrong About His Job"
826:
222:
914:, is a 2001 comedy film depicting a well-meaning but ineffectual parole officer played by
8:
648:
616:
471:
1692:
1000:
988:, which premiered in 2017, one of the main characters, Raymond "Ray" Stussy, played by
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656:
467:
194:
31:
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1005:
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952:
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762:
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257:
1107:
902:, is a 1999 drama film that depicts a parole officer named Travis Lehman, played by
680:
652:
463:
Many jurisdictions have also, in recent years, expanded basic training to include:
312:
308:
1902:
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and devastating communities to a much greater extent than publicly run probation.
709:
level who supervise offenders on federal probation. Parole was abolished from the
2245:
2102:
1506:"Former Parole Officer Reflects On His Time Supervising 'The Second Chance Club'"
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903:
878:
782:
757:. They may also supervise, with specialized conditions, individuals convicted of
355:
293:
1033:
1013:
973:
941:
925:
870:— Idaho probation and parole officer in a 2015 interview with Zachary Evans of
847:
as well as both public and private educational systems, and service providers.
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778:
729:
598:
378:
training. Other may act as court officials with a more social work oriented or
375:
367:
289:
218:
174:
956:, is a 2011 comedy film that depicts a parole officer Omar Coleman, played by
2234:
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989:
945:
929:
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351:
335:
277:
249:
170:
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915:
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389:
379:
343:
327:
316:
240:
appointed or sworn to investigate, report on, and supervise the conduct of
972:, is a 2014 drama film that depicts parole officer Emily Smith, played by
276:
At a minimum, they are required to possess above average oral and written
2002:
1667:
1040:
982:
In the third season of the acclaimed black comedy crime anthology series
882:
836:
832:
717:
676:
527:
178:
166:
27:
Officials who supervise the conduct of offenders on community supervision
1722:"THE NATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION AND NOTIFICATION"
1365:
1025:
1020:
840:
270:
928:, who unwittingly becomes involved with a photographer who might be a
961:
843:
along with possessing graduate degrees. They often work closely with
442:
436:
420:
393:
245:
241:
1878:"How a probation and parole officer should supervise sex offenders"
1314:"Parole Officer vs. Probation Officer: Which One Is Right for You?"
408:
237:
1424:"Want to be a parole officer? N.J. agency is looking for recruits"
1479:"Probation Academy Creates Real-Life Scenarios to Train Officers"
924:, is a 2001 film that depicts a female parole officer, played by
802:
790:
397:
331:
2225:
2220:
1291:"Man exchanges gunfire with state probation and parole officers"
1024:, is a 2017 comedy-drama film that depicts a parolee played by
589:
In the United
Kingdom, probation orders were introduced by the
429:
342:
members, offenders sentenced to electronic monitoring (such as
304:
253:
976:, supervising high-profile parolee William Garnett, played by
260:
companies that provide contracted services to the government.
1340:"Parole Agents Would Be Allowed To Carry Guns Under New Bill"
1265:"Jury Finds Buffalo Man Guilty of Assault on Parole Officers"
814:
663:
offender's whereabouts and activities. This may also include
320:
300:
370:
of the region. In some jurisdictions, they may be certified
831:
Specialized officers are also tasked with the oversight of
798:
491:
339:
2105:." Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on December 16, 2020.
801:
argue that private probation companies are profiting from
1513:
886:
797:
is a controversial subject and organizations such as the
758:
347:
1801:"Probation and Pretrial Officers and Officer Assistants"
2116:"Formal, Post-Adjudication Juvenile Probation Services"
1826:"Federal Family Supports Probation Officer's Survivors"
1004:, is a 2017 crime drama film that depicts a high level
697:
United States federal probation and supervised release
385:
In North
America, standard training usually includes:
1366:"Probation job has changed, but core mission remains"
2054:"Preying on the Poor: For-Profit Probation Edition"
30:"Parole Officer" redirects here. For the film, see
1751:"What to Expect at a Probation Revocation Hearing"
1212:"18 U.S. Code § 3603.Duties of probation officers"
1016:, working to investigate the gang member's crimes.
1137:"Correctional Treatment Specialist: Career Guide"
2232:
2221:Conférence Permanente Européenne de la Probation
2103:Overview of the Juvenile Justice System in Texas
486:Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
1618:"Community Corrections - General Information"
960:, supervising parolee Ned Rochlin, played by
52:The examples and perspective in this article
703:U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System
112:
2226:American Probation and Parole Association
1953:"Division of Community Corrections (DCC)"
296:for federal probation officer positions.
280:skills and have a broad knowledge of the
94:Learn how and when to remove this message
118:A probation and parole officer with the
1535:"Basic Eligibility for Parole Officers"
1395:"Probation & Parole Officer Duties"
1337:
1079:"What is a Parole and Probation Agent?"
263:
14:
2233:
1875:
1643:"THE BUSINESS OF OFFENDER SUPERVISION"
1503:
1363:
1311:
2193:
2051:
1108:"Community Corrections Officer (CCO)"
850:
820:
559:suspended sentence supervision orders
456:Case work and criminal investigations
208:Public areas, correctional facilities
2170:"Juvenile Probation Officer Careers"
1543:Texas Department of Criminal Justice
1116:Washington Department of Corrections
1012:, and his parole officer, played by
642:Law enforcement in the United States
453:Criminal and criminal procedural law
38:
1876:Howard, Tyson (22 September 2017).
1374:Civil Service Employees Association
861:, which is so wildly off base, and
477:Critical incident stress management
24:
1338:Halsted, Gilman (8 October 2015).
1087:Michigan Department of Corrections
705:employs probation officers on the
647:possess a college degree, a valid
482:Occupational Safety and Health Act
350:monitoring, and cases with severe
120:Missouri Department of Corrections
25:
2272:
2214:
2078:"Probation Types and Supervision"
1776:"973.15 Sentence, terms, escapes"
1572:Indiana Department of Corrections
1312:Flavin, Brianna (30 April 2019).
940:, is a 2010 crime film depicting
584:
571:provisional orders of supervision
252:to community supervision such as
142:Correctional treatment specialist
2194:Evans, Zachary (10 April 2015).
1693:"New York State Parole Handbook"
1141:criminaljusticedegreeschools.com
865:, pretending it doesn't exist."
635:
43:
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2137:
2108:
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2020:
1995:
1970:
1945:
1920:
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1869:
1844:
1818:
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1635:
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1585:
1564:"Duties & Responsibilities"
1556:
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1497:
1471:
1442:
1416:
1403:Idaho Department of Corrections
1387:
1364:Ladlee, Jessica (29 May 2020).
1357:
1331:
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591:Probation of Offenders Act 1907
2058:American Civil Liberties Union
1283:
1257:
1229:
1204:
1187:"What is a Probation Officer?"
1179:
1154:
1129:
1100:
1071:
542:Correctional Service of Canada
299:Officers are usually issued a
13:
1:
2251:Probation and parole officers
2052:Solon, Sarah (18 June 2014),
1504:Davies, Dave (2 March 2020).
1064:
516:
140:Community corrections officer
2145:"Juvenile Justice Probation"
1008:member on parole, played by
651:, and must pass a series of
521:
411:, taser, pepper spray, etc.)
374:who have completed mandated
136:Probation and parole officer
107:Probation and parole officer
7:
2256:Law enforcement occupations
1852:"PAROLE REVOCATION PROCESS"
626:
510:Prison Rape Elimination Act
447:Interpersonal communication
361:
234:probation or parole officer
70:, discuss the issue on the
10:
2277:
1978:"Probation Court Services"
1293:. WSOC-TV. 22 October 2019
1237:"Parole/Probation Officer"
824:
726:Charleston, South Carolina
694:
690:
639:
612:offender assessment system
494:awareness and intervention
358:and/or violent histories.
138:Probation and parole agent
56:the English-speaking world
29:
845:child protective services
772:
755:sex offender registration
711:Federal Bureau of Prisons
534:
372:law enforcement officials
212:
200:
189:
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156:
146:
132:
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111:
1928:"Parole Officer Careers"
1780:docs.legis.wisconsin.gov
1458:McHenry County, Illinois
735:
563:community service orders
547:
122:interviews a probationer
2174:probationofficeredu.org
1932:probationofficeredu.gov
1700:newyorkparolelawyer.com
1191:probationofficeredu.org
994:Mary Elizabeth Winstead
808:
506:Rapid response training
503:Rehabilitation programs
282:criminal justice system
248:or those released from
58:and do not represent a
2261:Positions of authority
2003:"Probation Department"
1344:Wisconsin Public Radio
867:
579:social inquiry reports
575:pre-sentencing reports
392:and restraints (i.e.,
1668:"Parole Division FAQ"
1060:interacting with POs.
1010:Nikolaj Coster-Waldau
855:
761:, drug offenses, and
286:sentencing guidelines
1903:"Probation Programs"
827:Juvenile delinquency
264:Duties and functions
223:correctional officer
76:create a new article
68:improve this article
54:deal primarily with
2007:sonomacounty.ca.gov
1454:mchenrycountyil.gov
1166:merriam-webster.com
1162:"Probation Officer"
657:psychological exams
617:restorative justice
500:Drug abuse training
472:crisis intervention
417:and subject control
108:
2241:Criminal procedure
2198:. Pursuit Magazine
2032:courts.state.co.us
2028:"Bent County FAQs"
1907:illinoiscourts.gov
911:The Parole Officer
851:In popular culture
821:Juvenile probation
722:U.S Federal Courts
567:combination orders
497:Crisis negotiation
468:Suicide prevention
311:, and often carry
195:tertiary education
106:
32:The Parole Officer
1832:. 20 October 2016
1597:tnmp.uscourts.gov
1485:. 20 October 2016
1430:. 23 January 2022
1006:Aryan Brotherhood
958:Sterling K. Brown
953:Our Idiot Brother
795:Private probation
763:domestic violence
653:background checks
595:Rainer Foundation
459:Gang intelligence
290:bachelor's degree
230:
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104:
103:
96:
78:, as appropriate.
18:Probation Officer
16:(Redirected from
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