1400:
2581:
2570:
658:
575:
1261:, and supreme representative of the Republic of Poland. The president has the right to veto legislation, although veto may be overridden by the assembly with a three-fifths majority vote. The president, as representative of the state in foreign affairs, shall ratify and renounce international agreements, appoint and recall the plenipotentiary representatives of the Republic of Poland and shall cooperate with the prime minister and the appropriate minister in respect of foreign policy. As Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, the president shall appoint the
631:
1604:
Constitution in the area relating to the judiciary. The
National Council of the Judiciary consists of: the first president of the Supreme Court, the minister of justice, the president of the Supreme Administrative Court, a person appointed by the president, 15 judges of the Supreme Court, common, administrative and military courts, four deputies and two senators. The term of office of elected members is four years. The chairman and two of his deputies are elected from among the members of the Council.
528:
1664:
536:
523:
1595:
resulted in the establishment of voivodeship administrative courts adjudicating in the first instance. Administrative courts control the legality of administrative decisions, both against the governmental and self-governmental authorities. The president of the
Supreme Administrative Court is appointed by the president for a six-year term, from among the candidates nominated by the General Assembly of Judges of the Supreme Administrative Court.
994:
1642:
452:
41:
1146:, has the power to veto legislation passed by parliament, which may be overridden by a majority of three fifths, and can dissolve the parliament under certain conditions. Presidential elections occur every five years. When a majority of voters support the same candidate, that candidate is declared the winner, while when there is no majority, the top two candidates participate in a runoff election.
1568:
Justice. Until 2018, the court was divided into four chambers: Civil, Criminal, Military and Labour, Social
Security and Public Affairs. Since 2018, there are chambers: Civil, Criminal, Labour and Social Security, Extraordinary Control and Public Affairs, and Disciplinary. Apart from the General Assembly, the second body of judicial self-government is the College of the Supreme Court.
1559:
inviolability. Judges are also irremovable and their removal from office or suspension requires a court decision. The participation of other citizens in the administration of justice is defined by law and boils down to the application of the system of a lay judge in the first instance in common and military courts.
3503:
powers are especially relevant if an extraordinary majority is required to override a veto, as in
Mongolia, Poland, and Senegal. In these cases, while the government is fully accountable to parliament, it cannot legislate without taking the potentially different policy preferences of the president into account.
3378:
power that results from the dominant institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of the power. In this way, France appears as 'presidentialist system' endowed with a 'semi-presidential regime' (1983: 587). By this standard he recognizes
Duverger's
3168:
in international affairs. The foreign policy of Poland is based on four basic commitments: to
Atlantic co-operation, to European integration, to international development and to international law. Since the collapse of communism and its re-establishment as a democratic nation, Poland has extended its
3015:
The Polish military continues to restructure and to modernize its equipment. The Polish
Defense Ministry General Staff and the Land Forces staff have recently reorganized the latter into a NATO-compatible J/G-1 through J/G-6 structure. Budget constraints hamper such priority defense acquisitions as a
1585:
Military courts are criminal courts, ruling primarily on crimes committed by soldiers on active military service. The structure of the military judiciary is made up of garrison courts and military district courts. The
Criminal Chamber (until 2018, including the Military Chamber) of the Supreme Court
1567:
The
Supreme Court (Supreme Court) is a supervisory body over common and military courts. It is headed by the first president of the Supreme Court, appointed for a six-year term by the president of the Republic of Poland, from among candidates presented by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court of
2973:
The combined Polish army consists of ~164,000 active duty personnel and in addition 234,000 reserves. In 2009 the Armed Forces transformed into a fully professional organization and compulsory military service was abolished. Personnel levels and organization in the different branches are as follows
3377:
Duhamel has developed the approach further: He stresses that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form of government, and then develops the distinction of 'système politique' and 'régime constitutionnel'. While the former comprises the exercise of
3019:
Poland continues to be a regional leader in support and participation in the NATO Partnership for Peace
Program and has actively engaged most of its neighbors and other regional actors to build stable foundations for future European security arrangements. Poland continues its long record of strong
3502:
Even if the president has no discretion in the forming of cabinets or the right to dissolve parliament, his or her constitutional authority can be regarded as 'quite considerable' in Duverger's sense if cabinet legislation approved in parliament can be blocked by the people's elected agent. Such
1594:
Administrative judiciary already existed in the Second Polish Republic, but it was abolished after World War II. Its gradual restoration began in 1980 with the creation of the Supreme Administrative Court (NSA). The current Constitution introduced the principle of two-instance procedures, which
1558:
Judges are appointed by the president, at the request of the National Council of the Judiciary, for an indefinite period. They cannot belong to political parties or trade unions, are independent, and are subject only to the Constitution and statutes. They are entitled to immunity and personal
1603:
The National Council of the Judiciary is a body established to protect the independence of courts and judges. He submits applications to the president to appoint judges. It has the right to apply to the Constitutional Tribunal in matters relating to the compliance of normative acts with the
3180:), Polish foreign policy pursues close cooperation with a strong partner, one apt enough to give strong military support in times of critical situations. This creates the background of Poland's tight relations with the USA. At the same time, the equally burdened attitude towards
1131:. Members of Sejm are elected by proportional representation, with the proviso that non-ethnic-minority parties must gain at least 5% of the national vote to enter the lower house. Currently five parties are represented. Parliamentary elections occur at least every four years.
1576:
The common judiciary has three tiers. Its structure consists of district, regional and appellate courts. Common courts rule on criminal, civil, labor, economic and family law. Until 2001, there were also misdemeanor colleges, but the Constitution abolished their functioning.
3263:
Confederation was registered as a party to circumvent the 8% electoral threshold for electoral coalitions. Five of its elected members are part of National Movement, one of New Hope and one of Confederation of the Polish
1272:, although it does not possess the competence of the Council of Ministers. Official acts of the president shall require, for their validity, the signature of the prime minister, nevertheless this does not apply to:
1175:
approves the Council of Ministers. The president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term, while the prime minister and deputy prime ministers (if any) are appointed by the president and confirmed by the
1463:, and declaration of a President's permanent incapacity to exercise their duties due to the state of their health. Only the first kind has occurred to date. Since 1991 elections are supervised by the
3052:(Polish: Służba Ochrony Państwa, SOP) is Poland's equivalent of the Secret Service in the United States, providing antiterrorism and VIP security detail services for the government.
2970:
defense, economic, and political institutions via a modernization and reorganization of its military. Polish military doctrine reflects the same defense nature as its NATO partners.
3169:
responsibilities and position in European and Western affairs, supporting and establishing friendly foreign relations with both the West and with numerous European countries.
1317:
4287:
1472:
1459:
The National Assembly is formed on three occasions: Taking the oath of office by a new president, bringing an indictment against the president of the republic to the
1498:
Together with the tribunals, courts form part of the judiciary in Poland. Among the bodies that administer the justice system, the following are distinguished:
611:
3188:'s rise to power. This is an important factor for the special attention Poland pays to the political emancipation of all its Eastern neighbors: Lithuania,
1525:
or the establishment of an ad hoc procedure. Court proceedings have at least two instances. The main laws regulating the operation of the judiciary are:
1437:
similar to that used in many parliamentary political systems, with a 5% threshold (8% for coalitions, threshold waived for national minorities). The
1158:
4029:
590:
3519:
3032:(KFOR), and providing and actually deploying the KFOR strategic reserve to Kosovo. Poland is a strong ally of the US in Europe, and it led the
720:
515:
209:
4993:
1034:
4159:
4359:
1101:
led by the prime minister. Its members are typically chosen from the majority party or coalition, in the lower house of parliament (the
3331:
4922:
3424:
739:
4237:
3025:
4834:
2708:
2346:
2226:
2198:
1464:
1150:
750:
1007:
4272:
3970:
3945:
3917:
3881:
3814:
1107:), although exceptions to this rule are not uncommon. The government is formally announced by the president, and must pass a
944:
936:
932:
4323:
4303:
4277:
3033:
971:
916:
103:
5121:
4620:
4540:
4349:
2388:
1632:
1262:
1135:
835:
814:
806:
5051:
4456:
4385:
3061:
1636:
1321:
896:
848:
780:
3254:
as independents. The result does not include Paweł Kukiz who is not a party member, but got elected with 43,292 votes.
4625:
4567:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4295:
2799:
2268:
775:
383:
141:
17:
4210:
1363:
596:
168:
4986:
4680:
4655:
4555:
1613:
1313:
1128:
1027:
731:
417:
3357:
3127:
3083:
1358:
860:
5387:
5258:
5071:
2728:
1181:
1123:
359:
5346:
5096:
4574:
4344:
3004:
331:
226:
4186:
1399:
5268:
3131:
393:
341:
3469:
5408:
5361:
5313:
5183:
5178:
4979:
4857:
4545:
4486:
4461:
4405:
4230:
3226:
3151:
3139:
3021:
2289:
2056:
1426:
1020:
909:
222:
2580:
2569:
4892:
4824:
4707:
4354:
4339:
4264:
3221:
3135:
3079:
2774:
2712:
2247:
1446:
566:
178:
3327:
5318:
5143:
4927:
4804:
4685:
4635:
4513:
4420:
4395:
3530:
3302:
3111:
3099:
2779:
1269:
788:
3562:
3465:
3420:
3401:
2944:
2936:
5323:
5285:
4466:
4430:
4410:
3049:
2857:
2759:
2736:
2635:
2014:
1845:
1817:
1739:
1449:
method. When sitting in joint session, members of the Sejm and Senate form the National Assembly, (
1231:
1084:
1076:
1061:
677:
665:
657:
296:
74:
3087:
5243:
4645:
4615:
4523:
4400:
4282:
1617:
1460:
1309:
1294:
755:
712:
5213:
5173:
5153:
5133:
5036:
4905:
4900:
4844:
4737:
4675:
4491:
4471:
4223:
3526:
3119:
3068:
1258:
1058:
649:
486:
473:
238:
91:
61:
45:
2852:
723:
5351:
5148:
4877:
4829:
4660:
4605:
4496:
3549:
3388:
3364:
3115:
2837:
1690:
1378:
793:
742:
429:
3382:
as semi-presidential regimes, as well as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania (1993: 87).
5371:
5356:
5303:
5273:
5228:
5223:
5198:
5056:
4915:
4779:
4640:
4535:
4476:
3216:
3173:
3123:
3103:
1522:
1108:
855:
691:
574:
507:
321:
121:
5341:
2657:
2561:
924:
8:
5263:
5253:
5203:
5163:
5116:
5111:
5101:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5061:
5046:
5041:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
4882:
4872:
4799:
4764:
4670:
4562:
4550:
4530:
4503:
4481:
4373:
4147:
4127:
4106:
4085:
4064:
4043:
4008:
3986:
3851:
3830:
3784:
3763:
3742:
3721:
3700:
3679:
3658:
3634:
3613:
3592:
3576:
3435:
2940:
2932:
2367:
1887:
1628:
1488:
1211:
1143:
1068:
977:
865:
768:
704:
637:
551:
410:
364:
275:
255:
1302:
proclaiming the holding of a nationwide referendum (a consent of the Senate is required)
5366:
5308:
5248:
5238:
5218:
5208:
5188:
5168:
5138:
5106:
5091:
5066:
5002:
4862:
4809:
4769:
3206:
3184:
results in very tense diplomatic relations, which have been constantly worsening since
3095:
3091:
2832:
2557:
1986:
1094:
1080:
286:
230:
2683:
1383:
554:
205:
5278:
5233:
5158:
5128:
4946:
4819:
4774:
4729:
4719:
4665:
4650:
4593:
4425:
4390:
4255:
4023:
3966:
3941:
3913:
3877:
3810:
3172:
Due to its tragic historical experience with aggression of powerful neighbors (e.g.,
3107:
2959:
2756:
2205:
2120:
2113:
2035:
1866:
1434:
1408:
1118:
1098:
967:
962:
686:
4579:
3211:
2751:
4747:
4630:
4610:
4518:
3484:
3251:
3177:
2733:
1718:
1438:
582:
279:
158:
2814:
1445:) has 100 members elected for a four-year term under the single member, one-round
630:
4955:
4867:
4814:
4789:
4784:
4190:
2703:
1697:
1450:
1221:
1161:, which can annul laws that violate the freedoms guaranteed in the constitution.
1090:
822:
4690:
3489:
4910:
4752:
4415:
3353:
3231:
3185:
3161:
3157:
3016:
multi-role fighter, improved communications systems, and an attack helicopter.
2967:
2794:
2662:
1824:
1368:
1241:
827:
603:
1257:
The president is elected by terms; as head of state, supreme commander of the
5402:
4960:
4852:
4508:
2141:
1929:
1416:
1139:
1072:
1055:
998:
527:
481:
245:
71:
58:
4160:"Wojsko Polskie rośnie w siłę. Liczy już ok. 164 tys. żołnierzy | pulshr.pl"
1521:
Moreover, in times of war, the Constitution allows for the establishment of
535:
4794:
3165:
3029:
2629:
1663:
1430:
1412:
1216:
645:
522:
265:
131:
4757:
3074:
1993:
1760:
1388:
1236:
673:
558:
306:
185:
148:
111:
3470:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns"
3425:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns"
3363:(in English and Chinese). Department of Education, School of Education,
3358:"Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's Concept — A New Political System Model"
4742:
1534:
The Act of July 25, 2002 - Law on the System of Administrative Courts;
4971:
1154:
400:
219:
3024:
operations; it maintaining a unit in Southern Lebanon (part of the
1908:
1064:
593:
4215:
4206:
Erik Herron's Guide to Politics of East Central Europe and Eurasia
1539:
The Act of August 21, 1997 - Law on the System of Military Courts;
4183:
3189:
3008:
1549:
The Act of 27 July 2001 on the National Council of the Judiciary.
1153:, which also guarantees a wide range of individual freedoms. The
2981:: 60,000 (4 divisions, independent units and territorial forces)
4246:
3201:
3181:
2585:
2574:
1646:
1641:
1050:
872:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3432:
Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies
1083:. However, its form of government has also been identified as
451:
40:
4205:
1529:
The Act of 27 July 2001 - Law on the System of Common Courts;
1268:
The president may, regarding particular matters, convene the
1169:
The prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the
1097:, by the president and the Government, which consists of the
884:
2584:
Results of the second round of the presidential election by
3890:
3653:
3651:
3037:
3000:
2963:
2573:
Results of the first round of the presidential election by
1421:
1171:
1103:
543:
195:
3648:
4006:
3520:"Semi-Presidentialism and Democratisation in Poland"
1598:
4141:
3066:
Poland is divided in 16 provinces or Voivodeships (
1586:acts as the second instance or court of cassation.
1425:) has 460 members, elected for a four-year term by
1544:The Act of 23 November 2002 on the Supreme Court;
5400:
1265:and commanders of branches of the Armed Forces.
3043:
1471:), whose administrative division is called the
1157:plays a minor role in politics, apart from the
106:)17 October 1997 (constitution went into force)
1283:in the instances specified in the Constitution
4987:
4231:
3931:
3929:
3460:
3458:
3456:
1184:is responsible to the prime minister and the
1121:is vested in the two chambers of parliament,
1028:
4009:"The Constitution of the Republic of Poland"
1276:nominating and appointing the prime minister
4028:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3513:
3511:
3055:
1589:
1320:, appointing and dismissing members of the
4994:
4980:
4238:
4224:
3926:
3453:
1035:
1021:
3578:Art. 10 sec. 2 of the Polish Constitution
3488:
3960:
3935:
3907:
3871:
3804:
3508:
3346:
3156:Poland wields considerable influence in
2579:
2568:
1640:
1398:
1279:shortening of the term of office of the
1093:is exercised, within the framework of a
3464:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3320:
3026:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
1149:The political system is defined in the
14:
5401:
5001:
3282:Including the seats lost by Agreement.
2930:
2913:
2886:
2869:
2347:Nonpartisan Local Government Activists
1308:appointing the first president of the
4975:
4219:
3635:"Art. 176 sec. 1 of the Constitution"
3593:"Art. 175 sec. 1 of the Constitution"
3517:
3352:
2696:
2598:
2542:
2529:
2516:
2503:
1670:
1580:
1333:
3408:
3273:Previously part of the United Right.
3145:
3034:Multinational Division Central-South
2987:: 26,000 (Air and Air Defense Corps)
2953:
332:Government of the Republic of Poland
4245:
3965:(11 ed.). Liber. p. 336.
3940:(11 ed.). Liber. p. 335.
3912:(11 ed.). Liber. p. 333.
3876:(11 ed.). Liber. p. 339.
3809:(11 ed.). Liber. p. 346.
3334:from the original on 8 October 2021
3011:", special logistics Military Unit)
1633:Polish parliamentary election, 2023
1571:
1164:
24:
3062:Administrative divisions of Poland
2962:goal is to further integrate with
1637:Polish presidential election, 2020
1482:
1305:signing or refusing to sign a bill
1142:, is the supreme commander of the
25:
5420:
4296:Partitions, duchies and kingdoms
4199:
4128:"Art. 187 sec. 2 of Constitution"
4107:"Art. 187 sec. 3 of Constitution"
4086:"Art. 187 sec. 1 of Constitution"
4065:"Art. 186 sec. 2 of Constitution"
4044:"Art. 186 sec. 1 of Constitution"
3852:"Art. 183 sec. 2 of Constitution"
3831:"Art. 182 sec. 1 of Constitution"
3764:"Art. 180 sec. 2 of Constitution"
3743:"Art. 190 sec. 1 of Constitution"
3701:"Art. 178 sec. 2 of Constitution"
3680:"Art. 178 sec. 3 of Constitution"
3614:"Art. 175 sec. 2 of Constitution"
2269:Confederation of the Polish Crown
1599:National Council of the Judiciary
384:Sejm and Senate Complex of Poland
142:Sejm and Senate Complex of Poland
4681:Upper Silesian Industrial Region
3525:. School of Law and Government,
1662:
1645:Results of the Sejm election by
1614:Constitutional Tribunal (Poland)
1562:
1293:to appoint the president of the
1252:
992:
656:
629:
597:Małgorzata Maria Kidawa- Błońska
573:
534:
526:
521:
499:
450:
39:
4177:
4152:
4120:
4099:
4078:
4057:
4036:
4000:
3979:
3954:
3865:
3844:
3823:
3798:
3777:
3756:
3735:
3714:
3693:
3672:
3627:
3276:
3267:
3257:
3244:
2849:
2829:
2811:
2791:
2771:
2748:
2725:
2700:
2680:
2654:
2626:
3606:
3585:
3569:
3295:
3250:Kukiz'15 previously ran under
1326:exercising the power of pardon
624:
13:
1:
4166:(in Polish). 30 December 2022
3328:"Poland - The World Factbook"
3289:
2562:National Electoral Commission
2558:National Electoral Commission
2409:Peace and Prosperity Movement
1465:National Electoral Commission
1329:convening the Cabinet Council
3044:Government Protection Bureau
1653:2023 parliamentary elections
1622:
1607:
751:Supreme Administrative Court
7:
4462:Central European Initiative
4273:Prehistory and protohistory
3963:Polskie prawo konstytucyjne
3938:Polskie prawo konstytucyjne
3910:Polskie prawo konstytucyjne
3874:Polskie prawo konstytucyjne
3807:Polskie prawo konstytucyjne
3490:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087
3227:Political parties in Poland
3195:
3152:Foreign relations of Poland
3022:United Nations peacekeeping
2999:: 1,700 (4 Special Units –
2800:Federation for the Republic
2057:Union of European Democrats
1427:proportional representation
1318:Council for Monetary Policy
917:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
432:de facto (position usurped)
223:proportional representation
10:
5425:
4007:Art. 185 of Constitution.
3987:"Art. 184 of Constitution"
3785:"Art. 182 of Constitution"
3722:"Art. 181 of Constitution"
3659:"Art. 179 of Constitution"
3222:Polish government-in-exile
3149:
3059:
2856:
2851:
2836:
2831:
2818:
2813:
2798:
2793:
2778:
2773:
2755:
2750:
2732:
2727:
2707:
2702:
2687:
2682:
2661:
2656:
2633:
2628:
2592:2020 presidential election
1626:
1611:
1493:
1486:
1469:Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza
1447:first-past-the-post voting
1263:chief of the General Staff
5380:
5332:
5294:
5009:
4940:
4891:
4843:
4728:
4715:
4706:
4601:
4592:
4452:
4443:
4381:
4372:
4332:
4263:
4254:
3961:Garlicki, Leszek (2007).
3936:Garlicki, Leszek (2007).
3908:Garlicki, Leszek (2007).
3872:Garlicki, Leszek (2007).
3805:Garlicki, Leszek (2007).
3307:www.constituteproject.org
3303:"Poland 1997 (rev. 2009)"
2914:Registered voters/turnout
2780:Congress of the New Right
2729:Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz
2607:
2604:
2601:
2555:
2551:
2543:Registered voters/turnout
2538:
2525:
2512:
2499:
2482:
2465:
2446:
2427:
2408:
2387:
2366:
2345:
2326:
2197:
2195:
2178:
2112:
2110:
2093:
1985:
1983:
1966:
1816:
1814:
1797:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1661:
1553:
1473:National Electoral Office
1364:Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1322:National Security Council
1062:representative democratic
423:
416:
406:
399:
389:
379:
371:
360:Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz
355:
347:
337:
327:
320:
312:
302:
292:
285:
271:
261:
251:
244:
237:
215:
201:
191:
184:
174:
169:Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska
164:
154:
147:
137:
127:
117:
110:
98:
87:
77:constitutional republic (
64:constitutional republic (
52:
38:
31:
4457:Administrative divisions
3237:
3056:Administrative divisions
3050:State Protection Service
3028:, a battalion in NATO's
1590:Administrative judiciary
849:Administrative divisions
666:Prime Minister of Poland
4656:Regional GDP per capita
3466:Shugart, Matthew Søberg
3421:Shugart, Matthew Søberg
2310:Independents and others
2162:Independents and others
2077:Independents and others
1618:State Tribunal (Poland)
1314:Constitutional Tribunal
1295:National Bank of Poland
1286:introducing legislation
1159:Constitutional Tribunal
815:Major political parties
732:Constitutional Tribunal
713:Supreme Court of Poland
418:Constitutional Tribunal
367:, Deputy Prime Minister
362:, Deputy Prime Minister
5052:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4923:Orders and decorations
3557:Cite journal requires
3527:Dublin City University
3396:Cite journal requires
2588:
2577:
2466:Repair Poland Movement
1649:
1512:administrative courts;
1477:Krajowe Biuro Wyborcze
1404:
933:Diplomatic missions of
474:Constitution of Poland
342:Cabinet of Donald Tusk
92:Constitution of Poland
46:Coat of arms of Poland
3365:University of Cologne
3356:(23 September 1997).
3330:. 22 September 2021.
2583:
2572:
2015:Polish People's Party
1644:
1454:Zgromadzenie Narodowe
1402:
1359:Marshal of the Senate
104:Third Polish Republic
4835:World Heritage Sites
4193:retrieved 2007-07-25
3217:Liberalism in Poland
3174:Partitions of Poland
2858:Real Europe Movement
1523:extraordinary courts
1339:Main office-holders
1192:Main office holders
1182:Council of Ministers
1109:motion of confidence
1099:Council of Ministers
1054:takes the form of a
508:Parliament of Poland
5295:States with limited
5003:Politics of Europe
4575:Political prisoners
4184:Biuro Ochrony Rządu
4148:Polish Armed Forces
3536:on 12 February 2012
2993:: 14,300 (2 Fleets)
2870:Invalid/blank votes
2853:Mirosław Piotrowski
2517:Invalid/blank votes
2368:There is One Poland
1658:
1629:Elections in Poland
1489:Judiciary of Poland
1379:Marshal of the Sejm
1340:
1312:, president of the
1193:
1151:Polish Constitution
724:Małgorzata Manowska
638:President of Poland
411:Judiciary of Poland
365:Krzysztof Gawkowski
276:Direct popular vote
210:Marshal of the Sejm
179:First-past-the-post
5409:Politics of Poland
4189:2007-07-14 at the
3423:(September 2005).
3207:Politics of Europe
2833:Waldemar Witkowski
2589:
2578:
1657:
1650:
1581:Military judiciary
1405:
1338:
1334:Legislative branch
1191:
1115:within two weeks.
1095:multi-party system
1081:head of government
516:Current Parliament
443:Politics of Poland
287:Head of government
231:election threshold
112:Legislative branch
102:30 December 1989 (
33:Politics of Poland
5396:
5395:
4969:
4968:
4936:
4935:
4858:Ethnic minorities
4702:
4701:
4588:
4587:
4541:Political parties
4487:Foreign relations
4439:
4438:
4368:
4367:
4324:Poland since 1989
3972:978-83-272-3154-3
3947:978-83-272-3154-3
3919:978-83-272-3154-3
3883:978-83-272-3154-3
3816:978-83-7206-142-3
3518:McMenamin, Iain.
3468:(December 2005).
3441:on 19 August 2008
3146:Foreign relations
3084:Kuyavia-Pomerania
2960:national security
2954:National security
2951:
2950:
2658:Rafał Trzaskowski
2567:
2566:
2248:National Movement
2036:Centre for Poland
1867:Polish Initiative
1671:Party or alliance
1461:Tribunal of State
1409:Polish Parliament
1403:Sejm Plenary Hall
1397:
1396:
1393:13 November 2023
1373:13 November 2023
1316:, members of the
1299:appointing judges
1250:
1249:
1246:13 December 2023
1119:Legislative power
1085:semi-presidential
1045:
1044:
999:Poland portal
925:Radosław Sikorski
910:Foreign relations
807:Political parties
436:
435:
227:41 constituencies
202:Presiding officer
165:Presiding officer
75:semi-presidential
18:Polish politician
16:(Redirected from
5416:
5333:Dependencies and
5269:Northern Ireland
5010:Sovereign states
4996:
4989:
4982:
4973:
4972:
4949:
4713:
4712:
4694:
4621:Economic history
4611:Balcerowicz Plan
4599:
4598:
4450:
4449:
4386:Cities and towns
4379:
4378:
4319:Communist Poland
4299:
4291:
4261:
4260:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4194:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4156:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4027:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3933:
3924:
3923:
3905:
3888:
3887:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3655:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3560:
3555:
3553:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3535:
3529:. Archived from
3524:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3474:
3462:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3440:
3434:. Archived from
3429:
3417:
3406:
3405:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3362:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3299:
3283:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3252:Polish Coalition
3248:
3178:Second World War
2775:Stanisław Żółtek
2734:Polish Coalition
2596:
2595:
1719:Sovereign Poland
1666:
1659:
1656:
1572:Common judiciary
1517:military courts.
1341:
1337:
1194:
1190:
1165:Executive branch
1037:
1030:
1023:
1001:
997:
996:
995:
897:Cities and towns
892:
880:
743:Julia Przyłębska
660:
633:
601:
600:
599:
577:
538:
530:
525:
454:
438:
437:
430:Julia Przyłębska
280:two-round system
239:Executive branch
159:Senate of Poland
43:
29:
28:
21:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5376:
5334:
5328:
5314:Northern Cyprus
5296:
5290:
5184:North Macedonia
5005:
5000:
4970:
4965:
4952:
4945:
4932:
4887:
4839:
4805:Public holidays
4724:
4698:
4692:
4686:Venture capital
4584:
4514:Law enforcement
4435:
4421:Protected areas
4364:
4328:
4297:
4289:
4250:
4244:
4202:
4197:
4191:Wayback Machine
4182:
4178:
4169:
4167:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4021:
4020:
4013:
4011:
4005:
4001:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3906:
3891:
3884:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3558:
3556:
3547:
3546:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3522:
3516:
3509:
3495:
3493:
3477:French Politics
3472:
3463:
3454:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3427:
3418:
3409:
3397:
3395:
3386:
3385:
3370:
3368:
3360:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3311:
3309:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3258:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3198:
3154:
3148:
3064:
3058:
3046:
2956:
2947:(second round)
2939:(first round);
2704:Krzysztof Bosak
2684:Szymon Hołownia
2389:German Minority
1818:Civic Coalition
1740:The Republicans
1698:Law and Justice
1639:
1627:Main articles:
1625:
1620:
1612:Main articles:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:Judicial branch
1384:Szymon Hołownia
1336:
1289:requesting the
1270:Cabinet Council
1255:
1222:Law and Justice
1167:
1155:judicial branch
1091:Executive power
1041:
1012:
1008:Other countries
993:
991:
990:
983:
982:
958:
950:
949:
941:
929:
912:
902:
901:
886:
874:
851:
841:
840:
832:
823:Law and Justice
809:
799:
798:
785:
771:
761:
760:
747:
721:First President
707:
697:
696:
683:
627:
617:
616:
612:Deputy Marshals
595:
594:
571:
567:Deputy Marshals
555:Szymon Hołownia
532:
502:
492:
491:
468:
445:
428:
427:vacant de jure
401:Judicial branch
363:
338:Current cabinet
206:Szymon Hołownia
48:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5422:
5412:
5411:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5388:European Union
5384:
5382:
5381:Other entities
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5338:
5336:
5335:other entities
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5259:United Kingdom
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5072:Czech Republic
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5006:
4999:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4976:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4951:
4950:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4716:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4661:Stock exchange
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4602:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4580:Visegrád Group
4577:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4563:Prime Minister
4560:
4559:
4558:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4524:Prison Service
4521:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4467:Climate change
4464:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4416:Poland A and B
4413:
4411:National parks
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4309:Interwar years
4306:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249: articles
4243:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4201:
4200:External links
4198:
4196:
4195:
4176:
4151:
4140:
4119:
4098:
4077:
4056:
4035:
3999:
3978:
3971:
3953:
3946:
3925:
3918:
3889:
3882:
3864:
3843:
3822:
3815:
3797:
3776:
3755:
3734:
3713:
3692:
3671:
3647:
3626:
3605:
3584:
3568:
3559:|journal=
3507:
3483:(3): 323–351.
3452:
3407:
3398:|journal=
3345:
3319:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3256:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3232:Poland A and B
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3212:Visegrád Group
3209:
3204:
3197:
3194:
3192:and Ukraine.
3186:Vladimir Putin
3162:Eastern Europe
3150:Main article:
3147:
3144:
3140:West Pomerania
3136:Greater Poland
3132:Warmia-Masuria
3128:Świętokrzyskie
3060:Main article:
3057:
3054:
3045:
3042:
3040:in the 2000s.
3013:
3012:
2997:Special Forces
2994:
2988:
2982:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2795:Marek Jakubiak
2792:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2754:
2752:Robert Biedroń
2749:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2731:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2706:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2663:Civic Platform
2660:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2565:
2564:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2428:Normal Country
2426:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1825:Civic Platform
1822:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1624:
1621:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:common courts;
1505:
1503:
1502:Supreme Court;
1495:
1492:
1487:Main article:
1484:
1481:
1435:d'Hondt method
1431:constituencies
1429:in multi-seat
1395:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1369:Civic Platform
1366:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1287:
1284:
1277:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1242:Civic Platform
1239:
1234:
1232:Prime Minister
1228:
1227:
1226:6 August 2015
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1166:
1163:
1077:prime minister
1067:, whereby the
1049:government of
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1002:
985:
984:
981:
980:
975:
965:
959:
957:Related topics
956:
955:
952:
951:
948:
947:
940:
939:
928:
927:
920:
919:
913:
908:
907:
904:
903:
900:
899:
894:
882:
870:
869:
868:
863:
852:
847:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
831:
830:
828:Civic Platform
825:
819:
818:
810:
805:
804:
801:
800:
797:
796:
791:
784:
783:
778:
772:
767:
766:
763:
762:
759:
758:
756:State Tribunal
753:
746:
745:
736:
735:
727:
726:
717:
716:
708:
703:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:
689:
682:
681:
670:
669:
654:
653:
642:
641:
628:
623:
622:
619:
618:
615:
614:
608:
607:
587:
586:
570:
569:
563:
562:
548:
547:
519:
518:
512:
511:
503:
498:
497:
494:
493:
490:
489:
484:
478:
477:
469:
464:
463:
460:
459:
456:
455:
447:
446:
441:
434:
433:
425:
421:
420:
414:
413:
408:
404:
403:
397:
396:
391:
387:
386:
381:
377:
376:
373:
369:
368:
357:
353:
352:
351:Prime Minister
349:
345:
344:
339:
335:
334:
329:
325:
324:
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
304:
300:
299:
297:Prime Minister
294:
290:
289:
283:
282:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
242:
241:
235:
234:
217:
213:
212:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
108:
107:
100:
96:
95:
89:
85:
84:
83:
82:
69:
54:
50:
49:
44:
36:
35:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5421:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5347:Faroe Islands
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5319:South Ossetia
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5144:Liechtenstein
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5004:
4997:
4992:
4990:
4985:
4983:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4641:Merchant Navy
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4288:Early Modern
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4241:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4227:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4180:
4165:
4164:www.pulshr.pl
4161:
4155:
4149:
4144:
4129:
4123:
4108:
4102:
4087:
4081:
4066:
4060:
4045:
4039:
4031:
4025:
4010:
4003:
3988:
3982:
3974:
3968:
3964:
3957:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3932:
3930:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3885:
3879:
3875:
3868:
3853:
3847:
3832:
3826:
3818:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3786:
3780:
3765:
3759:
3744:
3738:
3723:
3717:
3702:
3696:
3681:
3675:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3636:
3630:
3615:
3609:
3594:
3588:
3580:
3579:
3572:
3564:
3551:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3512:
3504:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3403:
3390:
3383:
3381:
3366:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3294:
3279:
3270:
3260:
3253:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3100:Lesser Poland
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3080:Lower Silesia
3077:
3076:
3072:, singular –
3071:
3070:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2968:west European
2965:
2961:
2958:Poland's top
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2815:Paweł Tanajno
2810:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2709:Confederation
2705:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:Independent (
2631:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2608:Second round
2597:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Confederation
2225:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2199:Confederation
2194:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2142:Left Together
2140:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Good Movement
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1686:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1563:Supreme Court
1560:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1417:lower chamber
1414:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1342:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:Supreme Court
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1253:Head of state
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1140:head of state
1137:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:head of state
1070:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:parliamentary
1057:
1053:
1052:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1000:
989:
988:
987:
986:
979:
976:
973:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
954:
953:
946:
943:
942:
938:
934:
931:
930:
926:
922:
921:
918:
915:
914:
911:
906:
905:
898:
895:
893:
890:
883:
881:
878:
871:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
857:
854:
853:
850:
845:
844:
837:
836:Other parties
834:
833:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
808:
803:
802:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
782:
781:Parliamentary
779:
777:
774:
773:
770:
765:
764:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
744:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:
729:
728:
725:
722:
719:
718:
715:
714:
710:
709:
706:
701:
700:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
679:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
663:
662:
661:
659:
651:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
635:
634:
632:
626:
621:
620:
613:
610:
609:
605:
598:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
580:
579:
578:
576:
568:
565:
564:
560:
556:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
541:
540:
539:
537:
531:
529:
524:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
505:
504:
501:
496:
495:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
471:
470:
467:
462:
461:
458:
457:
453:
449:
448:
444:
440:
439:
431:
426:
422:
419:
415:
412:
409:
405:
402:
398:
395:
392:
388:
385:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
358:
356:Deputy leader
354:
350:
346:
343:
340:
336:
333:
330:
326:
323:
319:
315:
311:
308:
305:
301:
298:
295:
291:
288:
284:
281:
277:
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
257:
254:
250:
247:
246:Head of state
243:
240:
236:
232:
229:(5% national
228:
224:
221:
218:
214:
211:
207:
204:
200:
197:
194:
190:
187:
183:
180:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:
153:
150:
146:
143:
140:
138:Meeting place
136:
133:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
80:
76:
73:
70:
67:
63:
62:parliamentary
60:
57:
56:
55:
51:
47:
42:
37:
30:
27:
19:
5324:Transnistria
5286:Vatican City
5193:
4906:Coat of arms
4845:Demographics
4795:Polish names
4765:Folk beliefs
4738:Architecture
4676:Unemployment
4616:Central bank
4492:Human rights
4472:Constitution
4444:
4314:World War II
4179:
4168:. Retrieved
4163:
4154:
4143:
4131:. Retrieved
4122:
4110:. Retrieved
4101:
4089:. Retrieved
4080:
4068:. Retrieved
4059:
4047:. Retrieved
4038:
4012:. Retrieved
4002:
3990:. Retrieved
3981:
3962:
3956:
3937:
3909:
3873:
3867:
3855:. Retrieved
3846:
3834:. Retrieved
3825:
3806:
3800:
3788:. Retrieved
3779:
3767:. Retrieved
3758:
3746:. Retrieved
3737:
3725:. Retrieved
3716:
3704:. Retrieved
3695:
3683:. Retrieved
3674:
3662:. Retrieved
3638:. Retrieved
3629:
3617:. Retrieved
3608:
3596:. Retrieved
3587:
3577:
3571:
3550:cite journal
3538:. Retrieved
3531:the original
3501:
3494:. Retrieved
3480:
3476:
3443:. Retrieved
3436:the original
3431:
3389:cite journal
3379:
3376:
3369:. Retrieved
3354:Veser, Ernst
3348:
3336:. Retrieved
3322:
3310:. Retrieved
3306:
3297:
3278:
3269:
3259:
3246:
3171:
3166:middle power
3155:
3112:Subcarpathia
3073:
3067:
3065:
3047:
3030:Kosovo Force
3020:support for
3018:
3014:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2957:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2838:Labour Union
2630:Andrzej Duda
2605:First round
2591:
2590:
1950:Independents
1781:Independents
1691:United Right
1652:
1651:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1520:
1497:
1476:
1468:
1458:
1453:
1442:
1420:
1406:
1290:
1280:
1267:
1259:Armed Forces
1256:
1217:Andrzej Duda
1185:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1148:
1144:Armed Forces
1133:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1102:
1089:
1048:
1046:
978:Armed forces
888:
876:
813:
776:Presidential
730:
711:
664:
655:
646:Andrzej Duda
636:
581:
572:
542:
533:
520:
506:
487:Human rights
472:
465:
442:
380:Headquarters
266:Andrzej Duda
88:Constitution
78:
65:
26:
5362:Isle of Man
5297:recognition
5244:Switzerland
5179:Netherlands
4878:Health care
4830:Video games
4770:Folk dances
4606:Agriculture
4546:Politicians
4345:Demographic
4304:World War I
4298:(1795–1918)
4290:(1569–1795)
4278:Middle Ages
4211:PGB surveys
3540:11 December
3075:województwo
3069:województwa
2979:Land Forces
2819:Independent
2688:Independent
2530:Total votes
2504:Valid votes
1994:Poland 2050
1389:Poland 2050
1237:Donald Tusk
945:Ambassadors
856:Voivodeship
794:Referendums
674:Donald Tusk
500:Legislature
424:Chief judge
307:Donald Tusk
186:Lower house
149:Upper house
53:Polity type
5214:San Marino
5174:Montenegro
5154:Luxembourg
5134:Kazakhstan
5037:Azerbaijan
4825:Traditions
4775:Literature
4693:(currency)
4536:Parliament
4477:Corruption
4170:2023-04-05
3290:References
2966:and other
2923:30,268,460
2917:30,204,792
2903:20,636,635
2893:19,483,760
2673:10,018,263
2647:10,440,648
2599:Candidate
2546:29,532,595
2533:21,966,891
2507:21,596,674
2486:21,596,863
2447:Anti-party
1888:The Greens
1433:using the
923:Minister:
692:Ministries
466:Government
390:Ministries
122:Parliament
5352:Gibraltar
5149:Lithuania
4883:Languages
4873:Education
4800:Name days
4671:Transport
4551:President
4504:Judiciary
4482:Elections
4406:Mountains
4374:Geography
3496:21 August
3445:21 August
3371:21 August
3338:8 October
3312:9 October
3164:and is a
3120:Pomerania
3116:Podlaskie
3092:Lubelskie
2985:Air Force
2718:1,317,380
2691:2,693,397
2667:5,917,340
2641:8,450,513
2330:1,547,364
2290:Agreement
2182:1,859,018
2125:1,199,503
2097:3,110,670
2019:1,189,629
1998:1,561,542
1987:Third Way
1970:6,629,402
1829:4,992,932
1801:7,640,854
1702:6,286,250
1623:Elections
1608:Tribunals
1212:President
1138:, as the
1136:president
1069:president
972:political
937:in Poland
885:Communes
873:Counties
769:Elections
740:President
705:Judiciary
625:Executive
372:Appointer
313:Appointer
303:Currently
272:Appointer
262:Currently
256:President
220:Open-list
216:Appointer
175:Appointer
132:Bicameral
99:Formation
5403:Category
5372:Svalbard
5357:Guernsey
5304:Abkhazia
5274:Scotland
5229:Slovenia
5224:Slovakia
5199:Portugal
5057:Bulgaria
4956:Category
4863:Refugees
4810:Religion
4531:Military
4445:Politics
4355:Military
4350:Economic
4340:Cultural
4333:By topic
4283:Monarchs
4265:Timeline
4187:Archived
4024:cite web
3332:Archived
3196:See also
3108:Opolskie
3104:Masovian
3096:Lubuskie
2974:(2004):
2931:Source:
2760:(Spring)
2757:The Left
2556:Source:
2206:New Hope
2121:New Left
2114:The Left
1909:AGROunia
1761:Kukiz'15
1413:chambers
1411:has two
1075:and the
1065:republic
866:marshals
861:voivodes
79:de facto
5264:England
5254:Ukraine
5204:Romania
5164:Moldova
5122:Ireland
5117:Iceland
5112:Hungary
5102:Germany
5097:Georgia
5087:Finland
5082:Estonia
5077:Denmark
5062:Croatia
5047:Belgium
5042:Belarus
5032:Austria
5027:Armenia
5022:Andorra
5017:Albania
4947:Outline
4928:Polonia
4893:Symbols
4820:Theatre
4753:Cuisine
4730:Culture
4720:Lawyers
4708:Society
4666:Tourism
4651:Poverty
4636:Exports
4594:Economy
4426:Regions
4396:Islands
4391:Forests
4256:History
4133:9 April
4112:9 April
4091:9 April
4070:9 April
4049:9 April
4014:9 April
3992:9 April
3857:9 April
3836:9 April
3790:9 April
3769:9 April
3748:9 April
3727:9 April
3706:9 April
3685:9 April
3664:9 April
3640:9 April
3619:9 April
3598:9 April
3380:pléiade
3367:: 39–60
3190:Belarus
3158:Central
3124:Silesia
3088:Łódzkie
3009:Formoza
2945:Turnout
2941:Results
2937:Turnout
2933:Results
2879:177,724
2764:432,129
2741:459,365
2586:powiats
2575:powiats
2520:370,217
2372:351,099
2351:401,054
2313:268,985
2273:182,573
2252:199,149
2231:341,188
2210:551,901
2165:205,785
2146:453,730
2080:268,326
1953:879,645
1871:252,021
1850:375,776
1784:715,248
1723:465,024
1647:powiats
1494:Justice
1344:Office
1111:in the
1079:is the
1071:is the
1056:unitary
968:History
963:Economy
687:Cabinet
591:Marshal
552:Marshal
322:Cabinet
72:Unitary
66:de jure
59:Unitary
5367:Jersey
5309:Kosovo
5249:Turkey
5239:Sweden
5219:Serbia
5209:Russia
5194:Poland
5189:Norway
5169:Monaco
5139:Latvia
5107:Greece
5092:France
5067:Cyprus
4961:Portal
4901:Anthem
4748:Cinema
4691:Złoty
4646:Mining
4631:Energy
4519:Police
4431:Rivers
4360:Postal
4247:Poland
3969:
3944:
3916:
3880:
3813:
3264:Crown.
3202:Poland
3182:Russia
2926:68.18
2873:58,301
2862:21,065
2842:27,290
2822:27,909
2804:33,652
2784:45,419
2676:48.97
2650:51.03
2619:Votes
2613:Votes
2602:Party
2536:100.00
2489:100.00
2412:24,850
2393:25,778
2061:21,056
2040:70,117
1913:53,571
1892:67,392
1846:Modern
1765:74,959
1744:99,373
1635:; and
1554:Judges
1451:Polish
1439:Senate
1415:. The
1353:Since
1350:Party
1206:Since
1197:Office
1180:. The
1129:Senate
1051:Poland
877:powiat
583:Senate
559:PL2050
348:Leader
94:(1997)
5342:Åland
5279:Wales
5234:Spain
5159:Malta
5129:Italy
4868:Crime
4853:Poles
4815:Sport
4790:Names
4785:Music
4780:Media
4401:Lakes
3534:(PDF)
3523:(PDF)
3473:(PDF)
3439:(PDF)
3428:(PDF)
3361:(PDF)
3238:Notes
3005:1 PSK
2920:64.51
2888:Total
2865:0.11
2845:0.14
2825:0.14
2807:0.17
2787:0.23
2767:2.22
2744:2.36
2737:(PSL)
2721:6.78
2694:13.87
2670:30.46
2644:43.50
2549:74.38
2510:98.31
2483:Total
2450:1,156
2431:4,606
2327:Total
2294:3,568
2179:Total
2100:14.40
2094:Total
1973:30.70
1967:Total
1934:8,254
1832:23.12
1804:35.38
1798:Total
1705:29.11
1680:Seats
1674:Votes
1443:Senat
1347:Name
1203:Party
889:gmina
789:Local
293:Title
252:Title
4916:list
4911:Flag
4758:Wine
4568:List
4556:List
4497:LGBT
4135:2021
4114:2021
4093:2021
4072:2021
4051:2021
4030:link
4016:2021
3994:2021
3967:ISBN
3942:ISBN
3914:ISBN
3878:ISBN
3859:2021
3838:2021
3811:ISBN
3792:2021
3771:2021
3750:2021
3729:2021
3708:2021
3687:2021
3666:2021
3642:2021
3621:2021
3600:2021
3563:help
3542:2017
3498:2017
3447:2017
3402:help
3373:2017
3340:2021
3314:2021
3160:and
3138:and
3048:The
3038:Iraq
3001:GROM
2991:Navy
2964:NATO
2523:1.69
2472:0.00
2453:0.01
2434:0.02
2415:0.12
2396:0.12
2375:1.63
2354:1.86
2333:7.16
2316:1.25
2297:0.02
2276:0.85
2255:0.92
2234:1.58
2213:2.56
2185:8.61
2168:0.95
2149:2.10
2128:5.55
2083:1.24
2064:0.10
2043:0.32
2022:5.51
2001:7.23
1956:4.07
1937:0.04
1916:0.25
1895:0.31
1874:1.17
1853:1.74
1787:3.31
1768:0.35
1747:0.46
1726:2.15
1616:and
1456:).
1422:Sejm
1407:The
1291:Sejm
1281:Sejm
1200:Name
1186:Sejm
1178:Sejm
1172:Sejm
1134:The
1127:and
1124:Sejm
1113:Sejm
1104:Sejm
1047:The
544:Sejm
407:Name
375:Sejm
328:Name
316:Sejm
196:Sejm
192:Name
155:Name
128:Type
118:Name
4743:Art
4626:EEZ
4509:Law
3485:doi
3078:):
3036:in
3007:, "
2908:100
2898:100
2636:PiS
2492:460
2478:New
2469:823
2459:New
2440:New
2421:New
2381:New
2303:−16
2282:New
2191:−23
2134:−19
2106:+35
2007:New
1979:+23
1976:157
1943:New
1922:New
1838:+20
1835:122
1810:−41
1807:194
1774:New
1711:−30
1708:157
1683:+/–
1479:).
482:Law
225:in
5405::
4162:.
4026:}}
4022:{{
3928:^
3892:^
3650:^
3554::
3552:}}
3548:{{
3510:^
3500:.
3479:.
3475:.
3455:^
3430:.
3410:^
3393::
3391:}}
3387:{{
3375:.
3305:.
3176:,
3142:.
3134:,
3130:,
3126:,
3122:,
3118:,
3114:,
3110:,
3106:,
3102:,
3098:,
3094:,
3090:,
3086:,
3082:,
3003:,
2943:,
2935:,
2882:–
2713:RN
2622:%
2616:%
2560:,
2402:−1
2339:-9
2336:18
2322:+3
2261:−5
2240:+4
2219:+3
2188:26
2174:−5
2155:+1
2131:19
2103:65
2089:−9
2070:−1
2049:+3
2028:+9
2025:28
2004:33
1962:+3
1959:22
1880:+1
1859:−2
1793:−8
1790:13
1753:+3
1732:+8
1729:18
1631:;
1188:.
1087:.
935:/
678:PO
604:PO
394:26
278:,
208:,
4995:e
4988:t
4981:v
4239:e
4232:t
4225:v
4173:.
4137:.
4116:.
4095:.
4074:.
4053:.
4032:)
4018:.
3996:.
3975:.
3950:.
3922:.
3886:.
3861:.
3840:.
3819:.
3794:.
3773:.
3752:.
3731:.
3710:.
3689:.
3668:.
3644:.
3623:.
3602:.
3581:.
3565:)
3561:(
3544:.
3487::
3481:3
3449:.
3404:)
3400:(
3342:.
3316:.
2876:–
2715:)
2711:(
2638:)
2495:0
2475:0
2456:0
2437:0
2418:0
2399:0
2378:0
2360:0
2357:0
2319:3
2300:0
2279:2
2258:0
2237:7
2216:6
2171:0
2152:7
2086:1
2067:0
2046:3
1940:0
1919:1
1901:0
1898:3
1877:3
1856:6
1771:2
1750:4
1677:%
1475:(
1467:(
1441:(
1419:(
1036:e
1029:t
1022:v
974:)
970:(
891:)
887:(
879:)
875:(
680:)
676:(
652:)
650:I
648:(
606:)
602:(
561:)
557:(
233:)
81:)
68:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
