235:
312:
44:
320:
31:
546:
quickly pulled it (with the left hand pulling back sharply and the right hand moving forward) and then the head of the stalk would go shooting off. Piitttt!! We used to see how far we could get it to go - great fun." In the West
Country of England the same game is called 'cannonballs'. Another game played with the plant in Britain and Ireland is a variation of
542:
flower's head. The loop is tightened so it stops up behind the flower's head and the stem is pulled backward until the flower head pops off. The stalk is slightly elastic so when the flower head separates, it (the head) flies off in the direction the stalk is pointed like a gun, hence the gun-related names given to it.
501:
populations are infected by several strains of this powdery mildew fungus. Once the populations are infected, the symptoms are minimal at first. Then, after a few weeks or months lesions start to appear covering the entire surface of the leaves and the stem, making it very noticeable. Another species
545:
In
Edinburgh, Scotland this game is called ‘The 1 o’clock gun’ after the gun that fires everyday from Edinburgh Castle. Writer Sean Michael Wilson notes that: "When I was a kid in Edinburgh we used it for a cute wee game called ‘The 1 o’clock gun’ - we twisted the stalk around into a kind of noose,
541:
Children use the plant in a game where the flower's head is "shot" off the end of stalk; it has alternately been called "1 o'clock gun", "rifle", among others names. To play the game, one would pluck a stalk and wrap a loop of the distal end of the stem around the section of stem closest to the
532:
are more susceptible to different strains of powdery mildew. Also, some populations have multiple resistance phenotypes where on the other hand, others may only have one resistance phenotype. Overall, the populations that have the highest variety of resistance phenotypes will have the highest
424:
can live anywhere from very dry meadows to places similar to a rain forest, but it does best in open, disturbed areas. It is therefore common near roadsides where other plants cannot flourish; it grows tall if it can do so, but in frequently-mowed areas it adopts a flat growth habit instead.
550:; a child tries to knock off the flowerhead of their friendly rival's stalk using their own stalk with a fast downward thrust. This pastime is known vernacularly as 'dongers' in Kent and 'Carl doddies' (along with the plant itself) in Scotland.
272:. The flower stalk is deeply furrowed, ending in an ovoid inflorescence of many small flowers each with a pointed bract. Each inflorescence can produce up to two hundred seeds. Flowers are 4 millimetres (0.16 in) (
372:
leaves have been used internally (as syrup or tea) or externally (fresh leaves) for treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract, skin, insect bites, and infections. The leaves can be eaten when very young.
1071:
Laiine, Anna Lisa. 2004. Resistance variation within and among host populations in a plant- pathogen metapopulation: implications for regional pathogen dynamics. Journal of
Ecology 92, 990-1000.
956:
Stamp, Nancy E.; Bowers, M. Deane (1993-09-01). "Presence of predatory wasps and stinkbugs alters foraging behavior of cryptic and non-cryptic caterpillars on plantain (Plantago lanceolata)".
887:
and
Inhibitory Effect on Arachidonic Acid-Induced Mouse Ear Edema. Michiko Murai (nee Sasahara), Yasuhiko Tamayama and Sansei Nishibe, Planta Med., 1995;, volume 61, issue 5, pages 479-480,
480:
plants so they can serve as a food source for the larvae when they hatch. The iridoid glycosides in the plant leaves accumulate in the caterpillars and make them unpalatable to predators.
234:
489:
774:"Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine--an unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs"
508:
946:
Jousimo, Jussi. 2014. Ecological and evolutionary effects of fragmentation on infectious disease dynamics. Science AAAS Journal. Science 344, 1289-1293.
1082:
1513:
1771:
1588:
1355:
711:
Hjelle, K. L.; Hufthammer, A. K.; Bergsvik, K. A. (2006). "Hesitant hunters: a review of the introduction of agriculture in western Norway".
437:. Reproduction occurs sexually, with the pollen being wind dispersed for the most part, though the plant is occasionally pollinated by bees.
403:. These iridoid glycosides make the plant inedible to some herbivores, but others are unperturbed by them—for example, the buckeye butterfly
1606:
1170:
1180:
1732:
280:
brownish), 4 bent back lobes with brown midribs and long white stamens. It is native to temperate
Eurasia, widespread throughout the
1451:
575:
1822:
1539:
1464:
1637:
1113:
603:
911:(Nymphalidae). Lynn S. Adler, Johanna Schmitt and M. Deane Bowers, Oecologia, January 1995, Volume 101, Issue 1, pages 75-85,
1281:
832:
1711:
395:(verbascoside), cistanoside F, lavandulifolioside, plantamajoside and isoacteoside. It also contains the iridoid glycosides
1906:
1544:
303:
is native to
Eurasia, but has been introduced to North America and many other parts of the world with suitable habitats.
1389:
1350:
695:
756:
1901:
1151:
868:
566:
1863:
1812:
1593:
1500:
1286:
1807:
1642:
1750:
1575:
1229:
425:
Historically, the plant has thrived in areas where ungulates graze and turn up the earth with their hooves.
1433:
651:
1306:
1758:
1526:
1268:
345:
onwards, which is considered an indicator of grazing in that area at the time. This would make sense, as
1165:
1017:"Spatial and temporal patterns of caterpillar performance and the suitability of two host plant species"
1745:
1469:
1090:
934:
Laiine, Anna Lisa. 2005. Journal of
Evolutionary Biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 18, 930-938.
264:
stems (10–40 cm or 3.9–15.7 in; somewhere to 90 cm or 35 in). The basal leaves are
1316:
1891:
1868:
1629:
1420:
43:
516:, meaning that they can only infect living tissue. They cover the surface of the leaves and extend
1567:
1911:
1701:
1428:
1342:
1832:
1737:
607:
1518:
1191:
160:
1668:
1492:
1363:
1028:
965:
720:
472:
1842:
368:. A tea from the leaves is used as a cough medicine. In the traditional Austrian medicine
8:
1696:
1724:
1240:
1175:
1032:
969:
724:
268:
spreading or erect, scarcely toothed with 3-5 strong parallel veins narrowed to a short
1850:
1776:
1415:
1407:
1054:
997:
798:
773:
736:
665:
289:
38:
688:
Wild flowers of
Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora
528:
After the populations are infected, they react in different ways. Some populations of
1896:
1688:
1663:
1324:
1147:
1046:
1041:
1016:
989:
981:
864:
838:
828:
803:
740:
691:
465:
1121:
1058:
1001:
1855:
1329:
1036:
973:
912:
888:
793:
785:
728:
637:
277:
269:
257:
250:
1260:
1763:
1678:
1650:
1554:
1273:
856:
760:
254:
191:
81:
1799:
1580:
1719:
1250:
908:
824:
Northwest
Foraging: The Classic Guide to Edible Plants of the Pacific Northwest
461:
413:
and ingest the iridoid glycosides to make themselves unpalatable to predators.
405:
388:
323:
273:
195:
127:
68:
789:
311:
1885:
1394:
1214:
1050:
985:
861:
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region
842:
732:
349:
thrives in open fields where livestock are frequently disturbing the ground.
281:
176:
1619:
319:
288:< 4.5). It is present and widespread in the Americas and Australia as an
1789:
1531:
993:
807:
753:
892:
822:
1562:
1477:
1296:
1223:
456:
1655:
1443:
1456:
1015:
Van Nouhuys, Saskya; Singer, Michael C.; Nieminen, Marko (2003-04-01).
977:
916:
361:
265:
710:
1482:
1402:
1376:
392:
365:
342:
1185:
1784:
1601:
1208:
513:
400:
137:
117:
107:
94:
1505:
1381:
579:
1614:
1337:
827:(Rev. and updated ed.). Seattle, WA: Skipstone. p. 75.
547:
396:
16:
Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae
1368:
338:
330:
261:
772:
Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J, et al. (October 2013).
638:"Plants Profile for Plantago lanceolata (Narrowleaf plantain)"
533:
survival rates particularly when rates of infection are high.
376:
Songbirds eat the seeds, and the leaves are eaten by rabbits.
30:
1105:
517:
242:
55:
907:(Plantaginaceae) and its effect on the specialist herbivore
223:
1014:
433:
The mode of reproduction can vary among populations of
285:
942:
940:
771:
618:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
520:
into the cell matrix in order to extract nutrients.
1074:
937:
685:
1883:
329:Considered to be an indicator of agriculture in
855:
523:
455:is host to many different species of the order
930:
928:
926:
924:
483:
903:Genetic variation in defensive chemistry in
955:
921:
686:Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003).
602:
29:
1040:
797:
666:"Plantago lanceolata L. Ribwort Plantain"
820:
576:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
493:is a powdery mildew fungus that infects
318:
310:
233:
284:, but scarce on the most acidic soils (
1884:
1190:
1189:
1111:
679:
616:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
559:
536:
512:. Both of these mildews are obligate
1813:99cf228a-b007-4cc8-9751-16a9b81b7902
1630:684eeb53-ac4a-41ac-95a0-59c2559ad189
1080:
565:
447:
13:
198:. It is known by the common names
14:
1923:
1159:
409:, whose larvae eat the leaves of
226:on cultivated or disturbed land.
1751:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:321285-2
1042:10.1046/j.1365-2311.2003.00501.x
42:
1136:
1065:
1008:
949:
897:
883:Phenylethanoids in the Herb of
877:
849:
814:
428:
295:
1083:"Ribwort Plantain Shoot Em Up"
859:; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) .
765:
747:
704:
658:
644:
630:
596:
260:, with leafless, silky, hairy
229:
1:
1114:"Funny Weeds For Funny Games"
1112:Dosan, Adina (20 July 2011).
553:
778:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
524:Resistance to powdery mildew
379:
7:
1907:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
690:. London: A & C Black.
484:Infection by powdery mildew
10:
1928:
754:Val plantes herbal ice tea
668:. florabase.dbca.wa.gov.au
442:
416:
337:has been found in western
306:
1198:
790:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007
713:Environmental Archaeology
166:
159:
39:Scientific classification
37:
28:
23:
1902:Plants described in 1753
733:10.1179/174963106x123188
1166:Jepson Manual Treatment
1081:Mike (11 August 2012).
821:Benoliel, Doug (2011).
490:Podosphaera plantaginis
352:
194:in the plantain family
1823:narrow-leaved-plantain
863:. Knopf. p. 681.
509:Golovinomyces sordidus
360:is used frequently in
326:
316:
246:
1146:. Sinclair Stevenson
1021:Ecological Entomology
893:10.1055/s-2006-958143
322:
314:
237:
1702:Plantago lanceolata
1679:Plantago_lanceolata
1607:Plantago~lanceolata
1421:Plantago lanceolata
1356:Plantago_lanceolata
1317:plantago-lanceolata
1287:Plantago_lanceolata
1230:Plantago lanceolata
1200:Plantago lanceolata
1033:2003EcoEn..28..193V
970:1993Oecol..95..376S
905:Plantago lanceolata
885:Plantago lanceolata
857:Niering, William A.
725:2006EnvAr..11..147H
610:Plantago lanceolata
453:Plantago lanceolata
422:Plantago lanceolata
385:Plantago lanceolata
370:Plantago lanceolata
358:Plantago lanceolata
301:Plantago lanceolata
239:Plantago lanceolata
204:narrowleaf plantain
187:Plantago lanceolata
170:Plantago lanceolata
1124:on 28 January 2022
978:10.1007/BF00320992
917:10.1007/BF00328903
759:2009-07-25 at the
537:In popular culture
476:lay their eggs on
459:. Species such as
327:
317:
290:introduced species
247:
152:P. lanceolata
1879:
1878:
1664:Open Tree of Life
1192:Taxon identifiers
834:978-1-59485-366-1
466:Spilosoma congrua
222:. It is a common
183:
182:
24:Ribwort plantain
1919:
1892:Medicinal plants
1872:
1871:
1859:
1858:
1846:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1803:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1780:
1779:
1767:
1766:
1754:
1753:
1741:
1740:
1728:
1727:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1692:
1691:
1686:Panartic Flora:
1682:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1658:
1646:
1645:
1633:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1610:
1609:
1597:
1596:
1584:
1583:
1581:NBNSYS0000004275
1571:
1570:
1558:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1521:
1509:
1508:
1496:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1472:
1460:
1459:
1447:
1446:
1437:
1436:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1410:
1398:
1397:
1385:
1384:
1372:
1371:
1359:
1358:
1346:
1345:
1333:
1332:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1277:
1276:
1264:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1187:
1186:
1154:
1144:Flora Britannica
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1120:. Archived from
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1089:. Archived from
1078:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1044:
1012:
1006:
1005:
953:
947:
944:
935:
932:
919:
901:
895:
881:
875:
874:
853:
847:
846:
818:
812:
811:
801:
769:
763:
751:
745:
744:
708:
702:
701:
683:
677:
676:
674:
673:
662:
656:
655:
648:
642:
641:
634:
628:
627:
625:
623:
600:
594:
593:
591:
590:
584:
578:. Archived from
573:
563:
448:Insect predation
208:English plantain
200:ribwort plantain
190:is a species of
172:
47:
46:
33:
21:
20:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1867:
1862:
1854:
1849:
1841:
1839:
1831:
1829:
1821:
1819:
1811:
1806:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1783:
1775:
1770:
1762:
1757:
1749:
1744:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1710:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1662:
1654:
1651:Observation.org
1649:
1641:
1636:
1628:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1605:
1600:
1592:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1566:
1561:
1553:
1552:MichiganFlora:
1551:
1543:
1538:
1530:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1504:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1476:
1468:
1463:
1455:
1450:
1442:
1440:
1432:
1427:
1419:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1393:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1367:
1362:
1354:
1349:
1341:
1336:
1328:
1323:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1293:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1267:
1259:
1257:
1249:
1247:
1239:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1194:
1162:
1157:
1142:Mabey R. 1996.
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1093:on 23 June 2022
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1013:
1009:
954:
950:
945:
938:
933:
922:
902:
898:
882:
878:
871:
854:
850:
835:
819:
815:
770:
766:
761:Wayback Machine
752:
748:
709:
705:
698:
684:
680:
671:
669:
664:
663:
659:
650:
649:
645:
636:
635:
631:
621:
619:
601:
597:
588:
586:
582:
571:
564:
560:
556:
539:
526:
486:
473:Melitaea cinxia
450:
445:
431:
419:
389:phenylethanoids
382:
366:herbal remedies
355:
341:from the Early
309:
298:
249:The plant is a
232:
192:flowering plant
179:
174:
168:
155:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1925:
1915:
1914:
1912:Flora of Malta
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1860:
1856:wfo-0000486603
1847:
1837:
1827:
1817:
1804:
1794:
1781:
1768:
1755:
1742:
1729:
1716:
1706:
1693:
1683:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1634:
1624:
1611:
1598:
1585:
1572:
1559:
1549:
1536:
1523:
1510:
1497:
1487:
1474:
1461:
1448:
1438:
1425:
1412:
1399:
1386:
1373:
1360:
1347:
1334:
1321:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1278:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1220:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1161:
1160:External links
1158:
1156:
1155:
1135:
1104:
1073:
1064:
1027:(2): 193–202.
1007:
964:(3): 376–384.
948:
936:
920:
909:Junonia coenia
896:
876:
869:
848:
833:
813:
764:
746:
719:(2): 147–170.
703:
697:978-1408179505
696:
678:
657:
643:
629:
595:
568:BSBI List 2007
557:
555:
552:
538:
535:
525:
522:
485:
482:
462:Junonia coenia
449:
446:
444:
441:
430:
427:
418:
415:
406:Junonia coenia
381:
378:
354:
351:
324:Infructescence
308:
305:
297:
294:
231:
228:
196:Plantaginaceae
181:
180:
175:
164:
163:
157:
156:
149:
147:
143:
142:
135:
131:
130:
128:Plantaginaceae
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
98:
97:
92:
85:
84:
79:
72:
71:
66:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1924:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:Photo gallery
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1152:1-85-619377-2
1149:
1145:
1139:
1123:
1119:
1118:Dave's Garden
1115:
1108:
1092:
1088:
1087:Atomic Shrimp
1084:
1077:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
952:
943:
941:
931:
929:
927:
925:
918:
914:
910:
906:
900:
894:
890:
886:
880:
872:
870:0-394-50432-1
866:
862:
858:
852:
844:
840:
836:
830:
826:
825:
817:
809:
805:
800:
795:
791:
787:
784:(3): 750–71.
783:
779:
775:
768:
762:
758:
755:
750:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
707:
699:
693:
689:
682:
667:
661:
653:
647:
639:
633:
617:
613:
611:
605:
599:
585:on 2015-06-26
581:
577:
570:
569:
562:
558:
551:
549:
543:
534:
531:
530:P. lanceolata
521:
519:
515:
511:
510:
505:
504:P. lanceolata
502:that infects
500:
499:P. lanceolata
497:. All of the
496:
495:P. lanceolata
492:
491:
481:
479:
478:P. lanceolata
475:
474:
469:
467:
463:
458:
454:
440:
439:
436:
435:P. lanceolata
426:
423:
414:
412:
411:P. lanceolata
408:
407:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
377:
374:
371:
367:
363:
359:
350:
348:
347:P. lanceolata
344:
340:
336:
335:P. lanceolata
332:
325:
321:
315:Inflorescence
313:
304:
302:
293:
291:
287:
283:
282:British Isles
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
244:
240:
236:
227:
225:
221:
217:
216:lamb's tongue
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:
178:
173:
171:
165:
162:
161:Binomial name
158:
154:
153:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
69:Tracheophytes
67:
64:
61:
60:
57:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1199:
1143:
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:the original
1117:
1107:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1086:
1076:
1067:
1024:
1020:
1010:
961:
957:
951:
904:
899:
884:
879:
860:
851:
823:
816:
781:
777:
767:
749:
716:
712:
706:
687:
681:
670:. Retrieved
660:
646:
632:
620:. Retrieved
615:
609:
598:
587:. Retrieved
580:the original
567:
561:
544:
540:
529:
527:
507:
503:
498:
494:
488:
487:
477:
471:
460:
452:
451:
438:
434:
432:
429:Reproduction
421:
420:
410:
404:
384:
383:
375:
369:
357:
356:
346:
334:
328:
300:
299:
296:Distribution
248:
238:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
186:
185:
184:
169:
167:
151:
150:
138:
101:
88:
75:
62:
18:
1725:kew-2569834
1563:NatureServe
1478:iNaturalist
1224:Wikispecies
622:11 November
457:Lepidoptera
362:herbal teas
230:Description
82:Angiosperms
1886:Categories
1830:WisFlora:
1720:Plant List
1304:Calflora:
672:2024-07-25
604:USDA, NRCS
589:2014-10-17
554:References
364:and other
333:diagrams,
266:lanceolate
1434:200022048
1403:FloraBase
1314:Cal-IPC:
1051:1365-2311
986:0029-8549
958:Oecologia
843:668195076
741:128601836
652:"Ribwort"
514:biotrophs
393:acteoside
387:contains
380:Chemistry
343:Neolithic
255:perennial
253:-forming
146:Species:
52:Kingdom:
1897:Plantago
1808:VicFlora
1797:VASCAN:
1790:25200021
1785:Tropicos
1676:PalDat:
1602:NSWFlora
1568:2.133397
1519:10591871
1506:321285-2
1351:eFloraSA
1294:BioLib:
1209:Wikidata
1176:Buckhorn
1059:11334189
1002:35433755
994:28314014
808:23770053
757:Archived
606:(n.d.).
401:catalpol
391:such as
220:buckhorn
139:Plantago
124:Family:
118:Lamiales
108:Asterids
95:Eudicots
1777:3482-11
1615:NTFlora
1457:8208358
1338:Ecocrop
1215:Q157408
1181:Ribwort
1128:24 June
1097:24 June
1029:Bibcode
966:Bibcode
799:3791396
721:Bibcode
548:conkers
443:Enemies
417:Habitat
397:aucubin
307:History
278:corolla
276:green,
270:petiole
251:rosette
212:ribleaf
134:Genus:
114:Order:
56:Plantae
1869:993830
1733:PLANTS
1689:800404
1669:376074
1627:NZOR:
1444:PLALAN
1441:FoIO:
1395:177860
1369:579215
1261:115122
1258:APDB:
1238:AoFP:
1150:
1057:
1049:
1000:
992:
984:
867:
841:
831:
806:
796:
739:
694:
518:hyphae
339:Norway
331:pollen
262:flower
218:, and
1864:WoRMS
1840:WoI:
1820:WiO:
1772:SANBI
1764:13217
1709:PFI:
1638:NZPCN
1594:39414
1545:32874
1532:41813
1514:IRMNG
1490:IPA:
1483:53178
1470:28787
1416:FoAO2
1390:EUNIS
1382:PLALA
1330:4JLMM
1297:40983
1274:78599
1248:APA:
1055:S2CID
998:S2CID
737:S2CID
583:(xls)
572:(xls)
274:calyx
243:Japan
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
63:Clade
1843:1198
1833:4519
1800:7306
1746:POWO
1738:PLLA
1712:5121
1697:PfaF
1656:7204
1643:3019
1620:4189
1589:NCBI
1555:1965
1540:ITIS
1501:IPNI
1493:6200
1465:GRIN
1452:GBIF
1408:7303
1377:EPPO
1343:1732
1307:6618
1282:ATRF
1269:APNI
1251:2846
1241:1830
1148:ISBN
1130:2022
1099:2022
1047:ISSN
990:PMID
982:ISSN
865:ISBN
839:OCLC
829:ISBN
804:PMID
692:ISBN
624:2017
470:and
399:and
353:Uses
258:herb
224:weed
1851:WFO
1759:RHS
1576:NBN
1527:ISC
1429:FoC
1364:EoL
1325:CoL
1037:doi
974:doi
913:doi
889:doi
794:PMC
786:doi
782:149
729:doi
506:is
1888::
1866::
1853::
1810::
1787::
1774::
1761::
1748::
1735::
1722::
1699::
1666::
1653::
1640::
1617::
1604::
1591::
1578::
1565::
1542::
1529::
1516::
1503::
1480::
1467::
1454::
1431::
1418::
1405::
1392::
1379::
1366::
1353::
1340::
1327::
1284::
1271::
1226::
1211::
1116:.
1085:.
1053:.
1045:.
1035:.
1025:28
1023:.
1019:.
996:.
988:.
980:.
972:.
962:95
960:.
939:^
923:^
837:.
802:.
792:.
780:.
776:.
735:.
727:.
717:11
715:.
614:.
574:.
464:,
292:.
286:pH
214:,
210:,
206:,
202:,
177:L.
104::
91::
78::
65::
1132:.
1101:.
1061:.
1039::
1031::
1004:.
976::
968::
915::
891::
873:.
845:.
810:.
788::
743:.
731::
723::
700:.
675:.
654:.
640:.
626:.
612:"
608:"
592:.
468:,
245:)
241:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
