217:
290:, which is a complex phenolic polymer deposited in the secondary cell wall of all vascular plants. The development of lignin during vascular plant evolution provided mechanical strength, rigidity, and hydrophobicity to secondary cell walls creating a woody stem, allowing plants to grow tall and transport water and nutrients over longer distances within the plant body. Since most woody plants are perennials with a longer life cycle because it takes more time and more resources (nutrients and water) to produce persistently living lignified woody stems, they are not as able to colonize open and dry ground as rapidly as herbs.
27:
2516:
293:
The surface of herbs is a catalyst for dew, which in arid climates and seasons is the main type of precipitation and is necessary for the survival of vegetation, i.e. in arid areas, herbaceous plants are a generator of precipitation and the basis of an ecosystem. Most of the water vapor that turns
310:
Most herbaceous plants have a perennial (85%) life cycle but some are annual (15%) or biennial (<1%). Annual plants die completely at the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, and then new plants grow from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants may have
315:
that die at the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant survive under or close to the ground from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they grow and flower again, then die).
298:
is the main factor though), the more dew it produces, so a short cut of the herbs necessitates watering. For example, if you frequently and shortly cut the grass without watering in an arid zone, then
136:
defines "herb" as a "plant that does not produce a woody stem", and the adjective "herbaceous" as meaning "herb-like, referring to parts of the plant that are green and soft in texture".
846:
Hiebert-Giesbrecht, Mickel
Randolph; Novelo-RodrĂguez, Candelaria Yuseth; Dzib, Gabriel Rolando; Calvo-IrabiĂ©n, Luz MarĂa; Arx, Georg von; Peña-RodrĂguez, Luis Manuel (2017-11-09).
2346:
84:"A plant whose stem does not become woody and persistent (as in a tree or shrub) but remains soft and succulent, and dies (completely or down to the root) after flowering";
2351:
118:
includes the condition "when persisting over more than one growing season, the parts of the shoot dying back seasonally". Some orchids, such as species of
179:
that have stems above ground that remain alive, even during any dormant season, and grow shoots the next year from the above-ground parts – these include
2484:
783:(English ed.). Montpellier: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantains/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
1051:
Wen, XueFa (2011). "Dew water isotopic ratios and their relationships to ecosystem water pools and fluxes in a cropland and a grassland in China".
2402:
752:
1135:"Effect of vegetation type and growth stage on dewfall, determined with high precision weighing lysimeters at a site in northern Germany"
232:, or early-successional species. Others form the main vegetation of many stable habitats, occurring for example in the ground layer of
115:
2218:
156:. Forbs are generally defined as herbaceous broad-leafed plants, while graminoids are plants with grass-like appearance including
595:
830:
788:
736:
709:
682:
655:
628:
480:
456:
427:
888:
775:
2408:
1035:
579:
76:
36:
1303:
107:
1742:
1096:"Measured dewfall and potential condensation on grazed pasture in the Collie River basin, southwestern Australia"
2223:
1673:
195:. Banana plants are also regarded as herbaceous plants because the stem does not contain true woody tissue.
2392:
1979:
1494:
1134:
949:
496:
2474:
2228:
1095:
916:
2208:
125:
2550:
2540:
2358:
544:
518:
216:
2545:
2496:
2341:
1391:
987:
Uclés, O (2013). "Role of dewfall in the water balance of a semiarid coastal steppe ecosystem".
950:"Formation and influencing factors of dew in sparse elm woods and grassland in a semi-arid area"
163:
Herbaceous plants most often are low-growing plants, different from woody plants like trees and
2326:
2250:
760:
2055:
1023:
726:
672:
645:
618:
417:
99:"Of the nature of a herb; esp. not forming a woody stem but dying down to the root each year";
2491:
820:
699:
133:
1260:
319:
New growth can also develop from living tissues remaining on or under the ground, including
2213:
2110:
2065:
1737:
1296:
1195:
1146:
1107:
1024:"Experimental research on the role of dew in arid ecosystem of Gobi desert, inner Mongolia"
961:
848:"Herb-chronology as a tool for determining the age of perennial forbs in tropical climates"
847:
31:
1713:
8:
2383:
1928:
1224:
1199:
1173:
1150:
1111:
965:
114:
Botanical sources differ from each other on the definition of "herb". For instance, the
2321:
2186:
1964:
1656:
1442:
1338:
1185:
1076:
1004:
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1328:
1323:
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1068:
1031:
826:
784:
732:
705:
678:
651:
624:
575:
476:
452:
423:
128:) as "herbs" but with "leaves persistent or sometimes deciduous". In the glossary of
1080:
1008:
2265:
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2120:
2013:
1998:
1959:
1884:
1725:
1649:
1546:
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1219:
1203:
1154:
1115:
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996:
969:
928:
897:
890:
Predicting air temperatures in city streets on the basis of measured reference data
867:
859:
845:
445:
360:
328:
2060:
1158:
87:"A (freq. aromatic) plant used for flavouring or scent, in medicine, etc.". (See:
2519:
2501:
2363:
2192:
2142:
2130:
2092:
2028:
1855:
1823:
1784:
1757:
1586:
1581:
1472:
1408:
1289:
1248:
A guide to wildflowers in winter: herbaceous plants of northeastern North
America
973:
299:
229:
55:
175:
and often seasonal in duration. By contrast, non-herbaceous vascular plants are
2413:
2378:
2331:
2313:
2277:
2033:
1860:
1838:
1804:
1779:
1762:
1752:
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1629:
1447:
1432:
1386:
1381:
1207:
933:
276:
63:
47:
1064:
286:
Herbaceous plants do not produce perennializing above-ground structures using
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2197:
2115:
2087:
2050:
2018:
1954:
1923:
1874:
1774:
1576:
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1403:
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1346:
1215:
794:
69:
2444:
2434:
2336:
2045:
1554:
1521:
1233:
1072:
475:(6th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007. pp. 1236–1237.
295:
200:
120:
59:
26:
917:"A Novel method for monitoring urban dew condensation and its application"
863:
294:
into dew comes from the air, not the soil or clouds. The taller the herb (
264:, are dominated by herbaceous plants along with aquatic environments like
2260:
2245:
2240:
2176:
2038:
1818:
1789:
1688:
1683:
1531:
1371:
1366:
1351:
176:
19:
This article is about botanical herbs. For culinary and other herbs, see
228:
Some relatively fast-growing herbaceous plants (especially annuals) are
2289:
2282:
2272:
2255:
1938:
1933:
1869:
1661:
1508:
1467:
1361:
312:
245:
901:
872:
327:(a thickened portion of the stem at ground level) or various types of
2397:
2294:
2023:
1828:
1809:
1720:
1644:
1564:
1516:
1457:
1437:
1376:
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253:
172:
145:
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2135:
2008:
1984:
1901:
1571:
1356:
1190:
442:
261:
257:
1172:
Poppenwimer, Tyler; Mayrose, Itay; DeMalach, Niv (December 2023).
1624:
1619:
1536:
1526:
1174:"Revising the global biogeography of annual and perennial plants"
384:
356:
344:
275:
The age of some herbaceous perennial plants can be determined by
237:
221:
157:
670:
198:
Some herbaceous plants can grow rather large, such as the genus
2077:
1969:
1889:
1843:
1833:
1794:
1732:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1312:
376:
364:
352:
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287:
249:
241:
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205:
192:
168:
35:(broadleaf starflower) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the
2301:
2235:
2157:
2125:
2082:
1974:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1894:
1879:
1848:
1769:
1427:
1418:
697:
372:
368:
348:
280:
184:
164:
124:, are described in some sources (including the authoritative
724:
279:, the analysis of annual growth rings in the secondary root
2152:
2147:
1799:
1639:
1614:
1609:
1593:
1452:
380:
336:
332:
320:
269:
265:
188:
180:
153:
149:
88:
51:
20:
1171:
473:
Shorter Oxford
English dictionary on historical principles
54:
above ground. This broad category of plants includes many
2072:
1634:
1281:
677:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 220–.
671:
Iain J. Gordon; Herbert H.T. Prins (14 September 2007).
896:(PhD thesis). University of Adelaide, South Australia.
616:
16:
Plant that has no persistent woody stem above ground
818:
698:Brian R. Chapman; Eric G. Bolen (31 August 2015).
574:(4th ed.). Chatswood, NSW: Reed. p. 23.
444:
415:
2532:
691:
443:Solomon, E.P.; Berg, L.R.; Martin, D.W. (2004).
664:
753:"Is A Banana A Fruit Or A Herb? | Lexico"
643:
569:
1297:
718:
623:. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 224–.
305:
167:, tending to have soft green stems that lack
106:Resembling a leaf in colour or texture. Opp.
95:The same dictionary defines "herbaceous" as:
2403:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
825:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–.
620:Dictionary of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences
570:Carolin, Roger C.; Tindale, Mary D. (1994).
497:"Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation"
1250:. New Haven: Yale University Press. page 1.
1021:
822:Tropical Ecosystems and Ecological Concepts
812:
610:
351:. Examples of herbaceous biennials include
1304:
1290:
774:Picq, Claudine & INIBAP, eds. (2000).
773:
767:
406:, Clapham, Tutin, and Warburg, 2nd edition
116:Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation
1223:
1189:
1028:Research Basins and Hydrological Planning
932:
871:
419:Introduction to the Horticultural Science
409:
2347:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
1093:
637:
215:
25:
725:Andrew J. Lack; David E. Evans (2005).
704:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 98–.
2533:
647:Encyclopedia of Animal Science (Print)
563:
416:Richard N. Arteca (14 February 2014).
70:Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous"
1285:
986:
886:
819:Patrick L. Osborne (31 August 2000).
1132:
947:
511:
211:
39:of forests in western North America.
1050:
674:The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing
644:Wilson G. Pond (16 November 2004).
588:
537:
489:
465:
422:. Cengage Learning. pp. 584–.
13:
914:
757:Lexico Dictionaries | English
731:. Garland Science. pp. 199–.
14:
2562:
2352:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
171:and their above-ground growth is
77:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
2515:
2514:
617:Kailash Chandra Bebarta (2011).
451:. Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.
363:; herbaceous perennials include
1253:
1240:
1165:
1126:
1087:
1044:
1015:
980:
941:
908:
880:
839:
745:
436:
397:
139:
1:
1159:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.006
598:. Royal Botanic Garden Sydney
596:"Glossary of Botanical Terms"
390:
220:A wide variety of herbaceous
2393:History of plant systematics
1980:Thorns, spines, and prickles
1261:"Herbaceous Plants Examples"
1120:10.1016/0022-1694(94)90220-8
974:10.1016/j.chnaes.2017.06.004
650:. CRC Press. pp. 425–.
551:. Plants of the World Online
499:. Carnegie Mellon University
7:
10:
2567:
2209:Alternation of generations
1311:
1208:10.1038/s41586-023-06644-x
934:10.17559/TV-20170727025640
572:Flora of the Sydney region
404:Flora of the British Isles
306:Types of herbaceous plants
144:Herbaceous plants include
130:Flora of the Sydney Region
126:Plants of the World Online
74:The fourth edition of the
18:
2510:
2458:
2422:
2359:Cultivated plant taxonomy
2322:Biological classification
2312:
2185:
2101:
1997:
1947:
1672:
1602:
1545:
1507:
1481:
1417:
1337:
1319:
1065:10.1007/s00442-011-2091-0
2219:Evolutionary development
948:Wang, Chengdong (2017).
701:Ecology of North America
50:that have no persistent
1870:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
1094:Sudmeyer, R.A. (1994).
887:Erell, Evyatar (2005).
236:, or in naturally open
2485:by author abbreviation
2409:Plant taxonomy systems
2327:Botanical nomenclature
989:Hydrological Processes
549:- General Description"
252:. Some habitats, like
225:
160:, sedges, and rushes.
40:
2492:Botanical expeditions
1246:Levine, Carol. 1995.
954:Acta Ecologica Sinica
915:Xu, Yingying (2017).
864:10.1139/cjb-2017-0167
224:plants in a grassland
219:
134:Roger Charles Carolin
29:
2224:Evolutionary history
2214:Double fertilization
2066:Cellular respiration
1139:Journal of Hydrology
1100:Journal of Hydrology
1022:Shiklomanov (2004).
32:Lysimachia latifolia
1443:Non-vascular plants
1200:2023Natur.624..109P
1151:2009JHyd..377...43X
1112:1994JHyd..154..255S
966:2017AcEcS..37..125W
80:defines "herb" as:
1948:Surface structures
1743:Flower development
1265:Biology Dictionary
226:
41:
2528:
2527:
2167:Herbaceous plants
1993:
1992:
1184:(7990): 109–114.
1133:Xiao, H. (2009).
1053:Ecosystem Ecology
832:978-0-521-64523-2
800:on April 11, 2013
790:978-2-910810-37-5
738:978-0-415-35643-5
711:978-1-118-97154-3
684:978-3-540-72422-3
657:978-0-8247-5496-9
630:978-81-8069-719-7
482:978-0-19-920687-2
458:978-0-534-49547-3
429:978-1-111-31279-4
329:underground stems
212:Habit and habitat
105:
58:, and nearly all
44:Herbaceous plants
2558:
2551:Plant life-forms
2541:Plant morphology
2518:
2517:
2497:Individual trees
2172:Secondary growth
2143:Succulent plants
2131:Prostrate shrubs
2014:Apical dominance
1999:Plant physiology
1960:Epicuticular wax
1505:
1504:
1498:
1489:Plant morphology
1306:
1299:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1227:
1193:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1106:(1–4): 255–269.
1091:
1085:
1084:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1001:10.1002/hyp.9780
995:(4): 2271–2280.
984:
978:
977:
945:
939:
938:
936:
921:TehniÄŤki Vjesnik
912:
906:
905:
895:
884:
878:
877:
875:
843:
837:
836:
816:
810:
809:
807:
805:
799:
793:. Archived from
782:
771:
765:
764:
763:on June 6, 2020.
759:. Archived from
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743:
742:
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586:
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561:
560:
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541:
535:
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532:
530:
525:. Flora of China
515:
509:
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487:
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469:
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103:
2566:
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2559:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2546:Plants by habit
2531:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2506:
2475:Botanical terms
2468:
2454:
2418:
2364:Citrus taxonomy
2342:Author citation
2308:
2202:
2181:
2103:
2097:
2093:Turgor pressure
2001:
1989:
1943:
1758:Floral symmetry
1676:
1668:
1598:
1587:Vascular bundle
1582:Vascular tissue
1541:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1477:
1448:Vascular plants
1413:
1409:Plant pathology
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308:
300:desertification
214:
204:, to which the
142:
72:
48:vascular plants
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2554:
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2465:Related topics
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2314:Plant taxonomy
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2290:Megasporangium
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2278:Microsporangia
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2116:Cushion plants
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2051:Plant hormones
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2034:Photosynthesis
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1753:Floral formula
1750:
1748:Floral diagram
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1723:
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1677:(incl. Flower)
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1577:Storage organs
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1433:Archaeplastida
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2445:Horticulture
2435:Floriculture
2337:Correct name
2187:Reproduction
2177:Woody plants
2166:
2102:Plant growth
2061:Gas Exchange
2046:Phytomelanin
1924:Plant embryo
1674:Reproductive
1522:Phragmoplast
1269:. Retrieved
1267:. 2018-04-02
1264:
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802:. Retrieved
795:the original
776:
769:
761:the original
756:
747:
727:
720:
700:
693:
673:
666:
646:
639:
619:
612:
600:. Retrieved
590:
571:
565:
553:. Retrieved
547:Phalaenopsis
546:
539:
527:. Retrieved
521:Phalaenopsis
520:
513:
501:. Retrieved
491:
472:
467:
446:
438:
418:
411:
403:
399:
318:
309:
296:surface area
292:
285:
274:
227:
199:
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177:woody plants
162:
158:true grasses
143:
129:
121:Phalaenopsis
119:
113:
94:
75:
73:
43:
42:
37:ground layer
30:
2261:Pollen tube
2256:Pollinators
2246:Pollination
2241:Germination
2056:Respiration
2039:Chlorophyll
1885:Pedicellate
1819:Gametophyte
1738:Aestivation
1689:Antheridium
1684:Archegonium
1532:Plasmodesma
1509:Plant cells
1372:Paleobotany
1367:Ethnobotany
1352:Astrobotany
804:January 31,
140:Description
52:woody stems
2535:Categories
2283:Microspore
2273:Sporangium
2251:Artificial
1939:Sporophyte
1934:Sporophyll
1929:Receptacle
1824:Gynandrium
1694:Androecium
1603:Vegetative
1473:Angiosperm
1468:Gymnosperm
1362:Dendrology
1271:2022-04-30
1191:2304.13101
902:2440/58698
873:1807/81239
391:References
331:, such as
254:grasslands
246:salt marsh
191:and woody
146:graminoids
56:perennials
2480:Botanists
2398:Herbarium
2295:Megaspore
2193:Evolution
2136:Subshrubs
2104:and habit
2029:Nutrition
2024:Cellulose
2019:Bulk flow
2002:Materials
1965:Epidermis
1829:Gynoecium
1810:Endosperm
1805:Dispersal
1721:Staminode
1657:Sessility
1645:Cataphyll
1565:Mesophyll
1517:Cell wall
1458:Lycophyte
1438:Bryophyte
1392:Geobotany
1377:Phycology
1216:1476-4687
858:: 73–78.
555:11 August
529:11 August
503:11 August
383:and most
208:belongs.
173:ephemeral
64:biennials
2520:Category
2440:Forestry
2430:Agronomy
2423:Practice
2374:Cultivar
2369:Cultigen
2229:timeline
2121:Rosettes
2009:Aleurone
1985:Trichome
1902:Perianth
1714:Filament
1572:Meristem
1495:glossary
1357:Bryology
1234:37938778
1225:10830411
1081:11954532
1073:21822725
1009:55371002
345:rhizomes
302:occurs.
262:savannas
258:prairies
240:such as
238:habitats
230:pioneers
108:scarious
2198:Ecology
1955:Cuticle
1785:Capsule
1775:Anatomy
1726:Tapetum
1650:Petiole
1625:Rhizome
1620:Rhizoid
1547:Tissues
1537:Vacuole
1527:Plastid
1329:Outline
1324:History
1196:Bibcode
1147:Bibcode
1108:Bibcode
962:Bibcode
777:Bananas
602:8 March
447:Biology
385:grasses
379:, most
357:parsnip
341:stolons
234:forests
222:Poaceae
193:bamboos
60:annuals
2502:Plants
2405:(IAPT)
2158:Lianas
2126:Shrubs
2078:Starch
1970:Nectar
1890:Raceme
1856:Stigma
1844:Locule
1834:Carpel
1795:Pyrena
1733:Flower
1709:Anther
1704:Stamen
1699:Pollen
1421:groups
1313:Botany
1232:
1222:
1214:
1178:Nature
1079:
1071:
1034:
1007:
852:Botany
829:
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708:
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627:
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479:
455:
426:
365:potato
353:carrot
349:tubers
325:caudex
288:lignin
250:desert
242:meadow
206:banana
185:shrubs
165:shrubs
152:, and
104:BOTANY
2462:Lists
2379:Group
2302:Spore
2236:Flora
2153:Vines
2148:Trees
2111:Habit
2083:Sugar
1975:Stoma
1917:Sepal
1912:Petal
1907:Tepal
1895:Umbel
1880:Bract
1861:Style
1849:Ovule
1839:Ovary
1780:Berry
1770:Fruit
1763:Whorl
1630:Shoot
1428:Algae
1419:Plant
1186:arXiv
1077:S2CID
1005:S2CID
927:(5).
894:(PDF)
798:(PDF)
781:(PDF)
381:ferns
373:hosta
369:peony
337:corms
333:bulbs
321:roots
313:stems
281:xylem
270:lakes
266:ponds
189:vines
181:trees
154:ferns
150:forbs
2384:Grex
2266:Self
1800:Seed
1662:Stem
1640:Leaf
1615:Root
1610:Bulb
1594:Wood
1555:Cork
1453:Fern
1230:PMID
1212:ISSN
1069:PMID
1032:ISBN
827:ISBN
806:2013
785:ISBN
733:ISBN
706:ISBN
679:ISBN
652:ISBN
625:ISBN
604:2021
576:ISBN
557:2021
531:2021
505:2021
477:ISBN
453:ISBN
424:ISBN
377:mint
359:and
347:and
323:, a
260:and
256:and
201:Musa
89:Herb
62:and
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21:Herb
2073:Sap
1790:Nut
1635:Bud
1220:PMC
1204:doi
1182:624
1155:doi
1143:377
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929:doi
898:hdl
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248:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
