135:
88:
127:
2248:
110:
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38:
511:. In some species, the calyx not only persists after flowering but instead of withering, begins to grow until it forms a bladder-like enclosure around the fruit. This is an effective protection against some kinds of birds and insects, for example in
330:
are difficult to distinguish, e.g. the petals and sepals share the same color or the petals are absent and the sepals are colorful. When the undifferentiated tepals resemble petals, they are referred to as "petaloid", as in
485:) the calyx grows along with the fruit, possibly to protect the attachment point. Some plants retain a thorny calyx, either dried or live, as protection for the fruit or seeds. Examples include species of
426:
Mechanical cues may be responsible for sepal growth and there is a strong evidence suggesting that microtubules are present and determine the tensile strength and direction of growth at a molecular level.
839:
Hervieux, Nathan; Dumond, Mathilde; Sapala, Aleksandra; Routier-Kierzkowska, Anne-Lise; Kierzkowski, Daniel; Roeder, Adrienne H.K.; Smith, Richard S.; Boudaoud, Arezki; Hamant, Olivier (April 2016).
438:, both sepals and petals are modified leaves. The calyx (the sepals) and the corolla (the petals) are the outer sterile whorls of the flower, which together form what is known as the
2078:
2083:
2216:
720:
Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of
Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. London, 4th ed 1928
450:, the calyx is the primary whorl, forming a flower up to 20 inches (51 cm) wide, with one sepal growing to a length of 13 feet (4.0 m) –
56:
2134:
1950:
91:
Diagram showing the parts of a mature flower. In this example, the perianth is separated into a calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals)
809:
473:
After flowering, most plants have no more use for the calyx which withers or becomes vestigial, although in a few plants such as
202:(flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the
648:
339:, an alternative name is lilioid monocots. Examples of plants in which the term tepal is appropriate include genera such as
389:. They may be free (polysepalous) or fused together (gamosepalous). Often, the sepals are much reduced, appearing somewhat
900:
The identification of flowering plant families, including a key to those native and cultivated in north temperate regions
729:
John Entick, William
Crakelt, Tyronis thesaurus, or, Entick's new Latin English dictionary. Publisher: E.J. Coale, 1822
705:
979:"Photosynthetic performance of vegetative and reproductive structures of green hellebore (Helleborus viridis L. agg.)"
2140:
907:
783:
669:
74:
393:-like, or as scales, teeth, or ridges. Most often such structures protrude until the fruit is mature and falls off.
1035:
1474:
466:. However, photosynthesis in sepals occurs at a slower rate than in ordinary leaves due to sepals having a lower
219:
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17:
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8:
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29:
Any of the separate parts of the calyx of a flower (excluding the bracts), usually green
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120:
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370:. Flower merosity is indicative of a plant's classification. The merosity of a
2145:
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2009:
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1511:
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312:'cup, goblet'; both words have been used interchangeably in botanical Latin.
266:
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126:
87:
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2014:
2004:
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1601:
1393:
1240:
1199:
1093:
963:
841:"A Mechanical Feedback Restricts Sepal Growth and Shape in Arabidopsis"
838:
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419:
includes the bases of sepals, petals, and the attachment points of the
416:
408:
335:, orders of monocots with brightly colored tepals. Since they include
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1189:
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359:
307:
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236:
109:
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940:"Revision of the North and Central American Species of Aristolochia"
396:
Examples of flowers with much-reduced perianths are found among the
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In some flowers, the sepals are fused towards the base, forming a
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700:. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804.
487:
462:
Similarly to ordinary leaves, sepals are capable of performing
420:
385:
The development and form of the sepals vary considerably among
347:
195:
139:
789:
186:
180:
168:
95:
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1967:
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977:
Aschan, G.; Pfanz, H.; Vodnik, D.; Batič, F. (1 March 2005).
593:
467:
322:
203:
664:
Stearn, William T. (2000). Botanical Latin, 4th ed.: 38-39.
130:
In many
Fabaceae flowers, a calyx tube surrounds the petals.
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1879:
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1346:
1341:
1325:
1184:
353:
341:
162:
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1013:
753:
Stearn, William T. (2000). Botanical Latin, 4th ed.: 38
976:
902:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 106.
290:
374:
flower is typically four or five. The merosity of a
177:
159:
183:
165:
776:
Organogenesis of
Flowers. A Photographic Text-Atlas
594:"Oxford Languages | The Home of Language Data"
415:). In other flowers (e.g., Rosaceae, Myrtaceae), a
174:
156:
47:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
470:density which limits the spaces for gas exchange.
2264:
682:Corollarium ad Philosophiam botanicam Linnaei 18
756:
628:
1029:
738:
521:. In other species, the calyx grows into an
2135:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
732:
363:have well-distinguished sepals and petals.
142:fruit is the source of its vulgar nicknames.
897:
296:
1036:
1022:
741:A Concise Etymological Dictionary of Latin
994:
891:
874:
864:
698:Shorter Oxford English dictionary, 6th ed
382:flower is three, or a multiple of three.
326:is usually applied when the parts of the
75:Learn how and when to remove this message
59:, without removing the technical details.
2079:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
366:The number of sepals in a flower is its
246:Collectively, the sepals are called the
133:
125:
108:
94:
86:
944:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
937:
795:
762:
714:
634:
14:
2265:
922:
816:. University of Hawaii. Archived from
254:of parts that form a flower. The word
1017:
743:. Halle (Saale): Max Niemeyer Verlag.
57:make it understandable to non-experts
286:
31:
690:
24:
927:. New York: Sterling. p. 208.
25:
2284:
2084:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
250:(plural: calyces), the outermost
2247:
2246:
898:Davis, P.H.; Cullen, J. (1979).
807:
152:
36:
970:
931:
916:
832:
801:
778:. University of Toronto Press.
768:
747:
876:11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1620-2
723:
674:
658:
604:
586:
579:'petal', influenced by French
546:
454:, the largest of all calyces.
351:. In contrast, genera such as
315:
285:'bud, calyx, husk, wrapping' (
222:in 1790, and derived from
113:After blooming, the sepals of
13:
1:
938:Pfeifer, HW (November 1966).
540:
430:
2125:History of plant systematics
1712:Thorns, spines, and prickles
925:Tropical Plants of the World
308:
281:
220:Noël Martin Joseph de Necker
209:
7:
528:
457:
291:
258:was adopted from the Latin
10:
2289:
1941:Alternation of generations
1043:
641:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
444:. In some plants, such as
302:
275:
264:, not to be confused with
229:
105:showing petals and sepals.
2242:
2190:
2154:
2091:Cultivated plant taxonomy
2054:Biological classification
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1917:
1833:
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1213:
1149:
1069:
1051:
996:10.1007/s11099-005-5064-x
866:10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.004
270:'cup, goblet'. The Latin
1951:Evolutionary development
923:Rohwer, Jens G. (2002).
680:Necker, N.J. de (1790).
452:Aristolochia grandiflora
1602:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
798:, pp. 51 & 91.
138:The large calyx of the
2217:by author abbreviation
2141:Plant taxonomy systems
2059:Botanical nomenclature
739:Tucker, T. G. (1931).
637:The Kew Plant Glossary
635:Beentje, Henk (2010).
501:Physalis philadelphica
301:is derived from Greek
297:
274:is derived from Greek
265:
259:
143:
131:
123:
119:expand into an edible
106:
99:Tetramerous flower of
92:
2224:Botanical expeditions
617:CollinsDictionary.com
137:
129:
112:
98:
90:
1956:Evolutionary history
1946:Double fertilization
1798:Cellular respiration
639:. Richmond, Surrey:
1175:Non-vascular plants
857:2016CBio...26.1019H
194:) is a part of the
116:Hibiscus sabdariffa
102:Ludwigia octovalvis
1680:Surface structures
1475:Flower development
820:on 5 December 2008
774:Sattler, R. 1973.
407:(as in the family
243: 'covering'.
144:
132:
124:
107:
93:
2260:
2259:
1899:Herbaceous plants
1725:
1724:
650:978-1-84246-422-9
598:languages.oup.com
495:(for example the
483:Solanum melongena
333:petaloid monocots
85:
84:
77:
16:(Redirected from
2280:
2273:Plant morphology
2250:
2249:
2229:Individual trees
1904:Secondary growth
1875:Succulent plants
1863:Prostrate shrubs
1746:Apical dominance
1731:Plant physiology
1692:Epicuticular wax
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1221:Plant morphology
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851:(8): 1019–1028.
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514:Hibiscus trionum
387:flowering plants
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2096:Citrus taxonomy
2074:Author citation
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1934:
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1825:Turgor pressure
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1490:Floral symmetry
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1319:Vascular bundle
1314:Vascular tissue
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1180:Vascular plants
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575:from Neo-Latin
571:'covering' and
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531:
523:accessory fruit
519:Cape gooseberry
460:
436:Morphologically
433:
318:
212:
206:when in bloom.
173:
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121:accessory fruit
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53:help improve it
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295:'bud'), while
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18:Calyx (botany)
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1607:Inflorescence
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1292:Ground tissue
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1215:Plant anatomy
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1136:Plant ecology
1134:
1132:
1131:Plant anatomy
1129:
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1079:Archaeobotany
1077:
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919:
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909:0-521-29359-6
905:
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819:
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784:0-8020-1864-5
781:
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771:
765:, p. 119
764:
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742:
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683:
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670:0-88192-321-4
667:
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623:
622:HarperCollins
619:
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566:
563:, a blend of
562:
559:
555:
549:
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532:
526:
524:
520:
516:
515:
510:
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505:water caltrop
502:
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273:
269:
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263:
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257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
239:
232:
228:
225:
224:Ancient Greek
221:
217:
207:
205:
201:
197:
191:
149:
141:
136:
128:
122:
118:
117:
111:
104:
103:
97:
89:
79:
76:
68:
65:February 2021
58:
54:
48:
45:This article
43:
34:
33:
27:
19:
2177:Horticulture
2167:Floriculture
2069:Correct name
1919:Reproduction
1909:Woody plants
1834:Plant growth
1793:Gas Exchange
1778:Phytomelanin
1656:Plant embryo
1648:
1406:Reproductive
1254:Phragmoplast
989:(1): 55–64.
986:
982:
972:
947:
943:
933:
924:
918:
899:
893:
848:
844:
834:
822:. Retrieved
818:the original
811:
803:
796:Beentje 2010
791:
775:
770:
763:Beentje 2010
758:
749:
740:
734:
725:
716:
697:
692:
676:
660:
636:
630:
615:
606:
597:
588:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
553:
552:From French
548:
512:
509:Trapa natans
508:
500:
486:
482:
472:
461:
447:Aristolochia
445:
439:
434:
425:
404:
402:
395:
384:
365:
358:
352:
346:
340:
321:
319:
271:
255:
247:
245:
237:
234:
227:
215:
213:
147:
145:
114:
100:
71:
62:
46:
26:
1993:Pollen tube
1988:Pollinators
1978:Pollination
1973:Germination
1788:Respiration
1771:Chlorophyll
1617:Pedicellate
1551:Gametophyte
1470:Aestivation
1421:Antheridium
1416:Archegonium
1264:Plasmodesma
1241:Plant cells
1104:Paleobotany
1099:Ethnobotany
1084:Astrobotany
824:20 December
567:from Greek
503:), and the
380:palaeodicot
316:Description
200:angiosperms
2015:Microspore
2005:Sporangium
1983:Artificial
1671:Sporophyte
1666:Sporophyll
1661:Receptacle
1556:Gynandrium
1426:Androecium
1335:Vegetative
1205:Angiosperm
1200:Gymnosperm
1094:Dendrology
950:(2): 164.
812:Lythraceae
541:References
493:Solanaceae
431:Morphology
417:hypanthium
409:Lythraceae
405:calyx tube
2212:Botanists
2130:Herbarium
2027:Megaspore
1925:Evolution
1868:Subshrubs
1836:and habit
1761:Nutrition
1756:Cellulose
1751:Bulk flow
1734:Materials
1697:Epidermis
1561:Gynoecium
1542:Endosperm
1537:Dispersal
1453:Staminode
1389:Sessility
1377:Cataphyll
1297:Mesophyll
1249:Cell wall
1190:Lycophyte
1170:Bryophyte
1124:Geobotany
1109:Phycology
558:Neo-Latin
497:Tomatillo
360:Phaseolus
320:The term
289:Sanskrit
214:The term
210:Etymology
2267:Category
2252:Category
2172:Forestry
2162:Agronomy
2155:Practice
2106:Cultivar
2101:Cultigen
1961:timeline
1853:Rosettes
1741:Aleurone
1717:Trichome
1634:Perianth
1446:Filament
1304:Meristem
1227:glossary
1089:Bryology
1005:24426595
885:27151660
655:, p. 106
583:'petal'.
529:See also
517:and the
479:eggplant
475:Lodoicea
468:stomatal
458:Function
441:perianth
413:Fabaceae
368:merosity
337:Liliales
328:perianth
1930:Ecology
1687:Cuticle
1517:Capsule
1507:Anatomy
1458:Tapetum
1382:Petiole
1357:Rhizome
1352:Rhizoid
1279:Tissues
1269:Vacuole
1259:Plastid
1061:Outline
1056:History
964:2394940
853:Bibcode
612:"sepal"
577:petalum
561:sepalum
556:, from
421:stamens
398:grasses
376:monocot
372:eudicot
216:sepalum
51:Please
2234:Plants
2137:(IAPT)
1890:Lianas
1858:Shrubs
1810:Starch
1702:Nectar
1622:Raceme
1588:Stigma
1576:Locule
1566:Carpel
1527:Pyrena
1465:Flower
1441:Anther
1436:Stamen
1431:Pollen
1153:groups
1045:Botany
1003:
962:
906:
883:
782:
704:
668:
647:
581:pétale
554:sépale
488:Acaena
411:, and
348:Tulipa
292:kalika
204:petals
196:flower
140:medlar
2194:Lists
2111:Group
2034:Spore
1968:Flora
1885:Vines
1880:Trees
1843:Habit
1815:Sugar
1707:Stoma
1649:Sepal
1644:Petal
1639:Tepal
1627:Umbel
1612:Bract
1593:Style
1581:Ovule
1571:Ovary
1512:Berry
1502:Fruit
1495:Whorl
1362:Shoot
1160:Algae
1151:Plant
1001:S2CID
960:JSTOR
573:-alum
569:skepē
323:tepal
309:kylix
304:κύλιξ
298:calix
282:kalyx
277:κάλυξ
272:calyx
267:calix
261:calyx
256:calyx
252:whorl
248:calyx
238:sképē
231:σκέπη
226:
148:sepal
2116:Grex
1998:Self
1532:Seed
1394:Stem
1372:Leaf
1347:Root
1342:Bulb
1326:Wood
1287:Cork
1185:Fern
904:ISBN
881:PMID
826:2008
780:ISBN
702:ISBN
666:ISBN
645:ISBN
565:sep-
477:and
357:and
354:Rosa
345:and
342:Aloe
1805:Sap
1522:Nut
1367:Bud
991:doi
952:doi
871:hdl
861:doi
391:awn
378:or
287:cf.
198:of
55:to
2269::
999:.
987:43
985:.
981:.
958:.
948:53
946:.
942:.
879:.
869:.
859:.
849:26
847:.
843:.
686:31
684:,
643:.
620:.
614:.
596:.
525:.
507:,
499:,
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400:.
187:əl
181:iː
169:əl
146:A
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954::
912:.
887:.
873::
863::
855::
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814:"
810:"
786:.
710:.
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624:.
600:.
481:(
241:)
235:(
190:/
184:p
178:s
175:ˈ
172:,
166:p
163:ɛ
160:s
157:ˈ
154:/
150:(
78:)
72:(
67:)
63:(
49:.
20:)
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