253:
283:
194:
304:
237:
271:
216:
20:
1723:
92:
174:
Terms used in the description of tepals include pubescent (with dense fine, short, soft hairs, downy), puberulent (minutely pubescent, hairs barely visible to the naked eye) and puberulous (dense covering of very short soft hairs). Tepal shape is described in similar terms to those used for leaves
146:
the organs in the first whorl are separate from the second, but all look similar, thus all the showy parts are often called tepals. Where sepals and petals can in principle be distinguished, usage of the term "tepal" is not always consistent – some authors will refer to "sepals and petals" where
353:
Organographie végétale, ou
Description raisonnée des organes des plantes; pour servir de suite et de développement a la théorie élémentaire de la botanique, et d'introduction a la physiologie végétale et a la physiologie végétale et a la description des
119:, which is thought to have separated earliest in the evolution of flowering plants, has flowers with undifferentiated tepals. Distinct petals and sepals would therefore have arisen by differentiation, probably in response to animal
123:. In typical modern flowers, the outer or enclosing whorl of organs forms sepals, specialised for protection of the flower bud as it develops, while the inner whorl forms petals, which attract
142:, for example, the first and second whorls both contain structures that look like petals. These are fused at the base to form one large, showy, six-parted structure (the perianth). In
252:
1553:
193:
1558:
1691:
282:
303:
1609:
236:
150:
In some plants the flowers have no petals, and all the tepals are sepals modified to look like petals. These organs are described as
1425:
270:
23:
Diagram showing the parts of a mature flower. In this example the perianth is separated into a calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals)
394:
1615:
482:
466:
510:
949:
215:
1430:
47:. This may be because the parts of the perianth are undifferentiated (i.e. of very similar appearance), as in
880:
330:
57:
of sepals from an inner whorl of petals, the sepals and petals have similar appearance to one another (as in
1599:
1186:
701:
325:
64:
1681:
1435:
176:
1415:
1747:
1565:
1703:
1548:
598:
369:
351:
158:. When the undifferentiated tepals resemble petals, they are also referred to as "petaloid", as in
222:
1533:
1457:
413:"Are Petals Sterile Stamens or Bracts? The Origin and Evolution of Petals in the Core Eudicots"
1262:
1698:
1420:
1317:
1272:
944:
503:
374:. Vol. 2. Translated by Boughton Kingdon. London: Houlston & Stoneman. p. 90.
920:
8:
1590:
1135:
290:
1528:
1393:
1171:
863:
649:
545:
437:
412:
200:
1686:
535:
530:
478:
462:
442:
390:
311:
260:
159:
1472:
1378:
1373:
1327:
1220:
1205:
1166:
1091:
932:
856:
753:
695:
432:
424:
1267:
1726:
1708:
1570:
1399:
1349:
1337:
1299:
1235:
1062:
1030:
991:
964:
793:
788:
679:
615:
496:
295:
135:
110:
1620:
1585:
1538:
1520:
1484:
1240:
1067:
1045:
1011:
986:
969:
959:
954:
836:
654:
639:
593:
588:
54:
1741:
1656:
1404:
1322:
1294:
1257:
1225:
1161:
1130:
1081:
981:
783:
766:
689:
669:
610:
605:
553:
371:
Vegetable organography; or, An analytical description of the organs of plants
131:
1651:
1641:
1543:
1252:
761:
728:
446:
39:). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either
1467:
1452:
1447:
1383:
1245:
1025:
996:
895:
890:
738:
578:
573:
558:
428:
120:
19:
1496:
1489:
1479:
1462:
1145:
1140:
1076:
868:
715:
674:
568:
162:, orders of monocots with brightly coloured tepals. Since they include
124:
79:
for the tepals collectively; today, this term is used as a synonym for
109:
Undifferentiated tepals are believed to be the ancestral condition in
1604:
1501:
1230:
1035:
1016:
927:
851:
771:
723:
664:
644:
583:
243:
155:
115:
91:
1646:
1636:
1580:
1575:
1342:
1215:
1191:
1108:
778:
563:
461:- 5th ed. Thomas L. Rost; T. Elliot Weier - Wiley & Sons 1979
163:
151:
49:
36:
831:
826:
743:
733:
68:
1284:
1176:
1096:
1050:
1040:
1001:
939:
915:
910:
905:
900:
519:
143:
97:
71:
with the terms "petal" and "sepal". (De
Candolle used the term
59:
32:
53:, or because, although it is possible to distinguish an outer
1508:
1442:
1364:
1332:
1289:
1181:
1123:
1118:
1101:
1086:
1055:
976:
634:
625:
139:
44:
40:
367:
349:
105:: the outer three are sepals and the inner three are petals.
1359:
1354:
1006:
846:
821:
816:
800:
659:
1279:
841:
488:
130:
Tepals formed by similar sepals and petals are common in
389:(p/b ed.). David & Charles/Timber Press.
1739:
410:
209:showing tepals in various stages of development
504:
459:Botany: A Brief Introduction To Plant Biology
1610:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
276:A tulip flower showing the petal-like tepals
166:, an alternative name is lilioid monocots.
511:
497:
436:
147:others use "tepals" in the same context.
1554:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
309:6 tepals (3 inner, 3 outer) of the rush
90:
18:
264:flower showing the two whorls of tepals
169:
1740:
384:
492:
378:
368:Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1841).
350:Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1827).
477:- Jones; Samuel - McGraw-Hill 1979
13:
246:flower showing the petaloid sepals
63:). The term was first proposed by
16:One of the outer parts of a flower
14:
1759:
1559:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
357:. Paris: Deterville. p. 503.
1722:
1721:
302:
281:
269:
251:
235:
214:
192:
411:Ronse De Craene, L. P. (2007).
385:Stearn, William Thomas (2004).
67:in 1827 and was constructed by
31:is one of the outer parts of a
404:
361:
343:
1:
336:
331:Plant reproductive morphology
154:, for example, the sepals of
1600:History of plant systematics
1187:Thorns, spines, and prickles
326:Glossary of plant morphology
65:Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
7:
319:
177:Glossary of leaf morphology
10:
1764:
1416:Alternation of generations
518:
182:
1717:
1665:
1629:
1566:Cultivated plant taxonomy
1529:Biological classification
1519:
1392:
1308:
1204:
1154:
879:
809:
752:
714:
688:
624:
544:
526:
86:
1426:Evolutionary development
1077:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
101:flower showing the six
1692:by author abbreviation
1616:Plant taxonomy systems
1534:Botanical nomenclature
106:
24:
1699:Botanical expeditions
94:
22:
1431:Evolutionary history
1421:Double fertilization
1273:Cellular respiration
170:Properties and shape
134:, particularly the "
650:Non-vascular plants
291:Blandfordia nobilis
188:Flowers with tepals
1155:Surface structures
950:Flower development
429:10.1093/aob/mcm076
107:
35:(collectively the
25:
1735:
1734:
1374:Herbaceous plants
1200:
1199:
475:Plant Systematics
396:978-0-7153-1643-6
312:Juncus squarrosus
261:Sternbergia lutea
160:petaloid monocots
1755:
1748:Plant morphology
1725:
1724:
1704:Individual trees
1379:Secondary growth
1350:Succulent plants
1338:Prostrate shrubs
1221:Apical dominance
1206:Plant physiology
1167:Epicuticular wax
712:
711:
705:
696:Plant morphology
513:
506:
499:
490:
489:
451:
450:
440:
417:Annals of Botany
408:
402:
400:
382:
376:
375:
365:
359:
358:
347:
306:
285:
273:
255:
239:
218:
196:
136:lilioid monocots
111:flowering plants
1763:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1713:
1682:Botanical terms
1675:
1661:
1625:
1571:Citrus taxonomy
1549:Author citation
1515:
1409:
1388:
1310:
1304:
1300:Turgor pressure
1208:
1196:
1150:
965:Floral symmetry
883:
875:
805:
794:Vascular bundle
789:Vascular tissue
748:
708:
699:
698:
684:
655:Vascular plants
620:
616:Plant pathology
540:
522:
517:
455:
454:
409:
405:
397:
387:Botanical Latin
383:
379:
366:
362:
348:
344:
339:
322:
315:
307:
298:
296:lilioid monocot
286:
277:
274:
265:
256:
247:
240:
231:
219:
210:
197:
185:
172:
113:. For example,
89:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1761:
1751:
1750:
1733:
1732:
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1729:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1672:Related topics
1670:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1621:Taxonomic rank
1618:
1613:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1539:Botanical name
1531:
1525:
1523:
1521:Plant taxonomy
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1497:Megasporangium
1494:
1493:
1492:
1485:Microsporangia
1477:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1330:
1325:
1323:Cushion plants
1314:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1260:
1258:Plant hormones
1255:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1241:Photosynthesis
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
974:
973:
972:
967:
962:
960:Floral formula
957:
955:Floral diagram
952:
947:
937:
936:
935:
930:
925:
924:
923:
918:
908:
898:
893:
887:
885:
884:(incl. Flower)
877:
876:
874:
873:
872:
871:
866:
861:
860:
859:
854:
844:
834:
829:
824:
819:
813:
811:
807:
806:
804:
803:
798:
797:
796:
786:
784:Storage organs
781:
776:
775:
774:
764:
758:
756:
750:
749:
747:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
720:
718:
709:
707:
706:
692:
686:
685:
683:
682:
677:
672:
670:Spermatophytes
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
640:Archaeplastida
637:
631:
629:
622:
621:
619:
618:
613:
608:
603:
602:
601:
594:Phytogeography
591:
589:Phytochemistry
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
550:
548:
546:Subdisciplines
542:
541:
539:
538:
533:
527:
524:
523:
516:
515:
508:
501:
493:
487:
486:
471:
470:
453:
452:
423:(3): 621–630.
403:
395:
377:
360:
341:
340:
338:
335:
334:
333:
328:
321:
318:
317:
316:
308:
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268:
266:
257:
250:
248:
241:
234:
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213:
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198:
191:
189:
184:
181:
171:
168:
132:monocotyledons
88:
85:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1760:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1728:
1720:
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1702:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1657:Phytochemical
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
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1643:
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1638:
1635:
1634:
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1474:
1471:
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1427:
1424:
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1419:
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1406:
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1401:
1398:
1397:
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1391:
1385:
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1377:
1375:
1372:
1366:
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1362:
1361:
1358:
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1353:
1351:
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1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:Transpiration
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1082:Inflorescence
1080:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1015:
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1010:
1009:
1008:
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1003:
1000:
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995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
978:
975:
971:
968:
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961:
958:
956:
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948:
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941:
938:
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931:
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926:
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904:
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902:
899:
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892:
889:
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878:
870:
867:
865:
862:
858:
855:
853:
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849:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
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812:
808:
802:
799:
795:
792:
791:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
773:
770:
769:
768:
767:Ground tissue
765:
763:
760:
759:
757:
755:
751:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
719:
717:
713:
710:
703:
697:
694:
693:
691:
690:Plant anatomy
687:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
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627:
623:
617:
614:
612:
611:Plant ecology
609:
607:
606:Plant anatomy
604:
600:
597:
596:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
554:Archaeobotany
552:
551:
549:
547:
543:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
525:
521:
514:
509:
507:
502:
500:
495:
494:
491:
484:
483:0-07-032795-5
480:
476:
473:
472:
468:
467:0-471-02114-8
464:
460:
457:
456:
448:
444:
439:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
407:
398:
392:
388:
381:
373:
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364:
356:
355:
346:
342:
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329:
327:
324:
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314:
313:
305:
300:
297:
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292:
284:
279:
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267:
263:
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245:
238:
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217:
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195:
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167:
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148:
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137:
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128:
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122:
118:
117:
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100:
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93:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
1652:Horticulture
1642:Floriculture
1544:Correct name
1394:Reproduction
1384:Woody plants
1309:Plant growth
1268:Gas Exchange
1253:Phytomelanin
1131:Plant embryo
1113:
881:Reproductive
729:Phragmoplast
474:
458:
420:
416:
406:
386:
380:
370:
363:
352:
345:
310:
289:
259:
227:
223:
205:
201:
173:
149:
129:
114:
108:
102:
96:
80:
76:
72:
58:
48:
28:
26:
1468:Pollen tube
1463:Pollinators
1453:Pollination
1448:Germination
1263:Respiration
1246:Chlorophyll
1092:Pedicellate
1026:Gametophyte
945:Aestivation
896:Antheridium
891:Archegonium
739:Plasmodesma
716:Plant cells
579:Paleobotany
574:Ethnobotany
559:Astrobotany
199:Flowers of
125:pollinators
121:pollination
1490:Microspore
1480:Sporangium
1458:Artificial
1146:Sporophyte
1141:Sporophyll
1136:Receptacle
1031:Gynandrium
901:Androecium
810:Vegetative
680:Angiosperm
675:Gymnosperm
569:Dendrology
337:References
294:, another
288:Tepals of
221:Tepals of
156:hellebores
73:perigonium
1687:Botanists
1605:Herbarium
1502:Megaspore
1400:Evolution
1343:Subshrubs
1311:and habit
1236:Nutrition
1231:Cellulose
1226:Bulk flow
1209:Materials
1172:Epidermis
1036:Gynoecium
1017:Endosperm
1012:Dispersal
928:Staminode
864:Sessility
852:Cataphyll
772:Mesophyll
724:Cell wall
665:Lycophyte
645:Bryophyte
599:Geobotany
584:Phycology
244:hellebore
228:wieseneri
116:Amborella
1742:Category
1727:Category
1647:Forestry
1637:Agronomy
1630:Practice
1581:Cultivar
1576:Cultigen
1436:timeline
1328:Rosettes
1216:Aleurone
1192:Trichome
1109:Perianth
921:Filament
779:Meristem
702:glossary
564:Bryology
447:17513305
354:familles
320:See also
224:Magnolia
202:Magnolia
164:Liliales
152:petaloid
81:perianth
77:perigone
50:Magnolia
37:perianth
1405:Ecology
1162:Cuticle
992:Capsule
982:Anatomy
933:Tapetum
857:Petiole
832:Rhizome
827:Rhizoid
754:Tissues
744:Vacuole
734:Plastid
536:Outline
531:History
438:2533615
226:Ă—
183:Gallery
69:analogy
1709:Plants
1612:(IAPT)
1365:Lianas
1333:Shrubs
1285:Starch
1177:Nectar
1097:Raceme
1063:Stigma
1051:Locule
1041:Carpel
1002:Pyrena
940:Flower
916:Anther
911:Stamen
906:Pollen
628:groups
520:Botany
481:
465:
445:
435:
401:p. 39.
393:
144:lilies
140:tulips
138:". In
103:tepals
98:Lilium
87:Origin
60:Lilium
45:petals
41:sepals
33:flower
1669:Lists
1586:Group
1509:Spore
1443:Flora
1360:Vines
1355:Trees
1318:Habit
1290:Sugar
1182:Stoma
1124:Sepal
1119:Petal
1114:Tepal
1102:Umbel
1087:Bract
1068:Style
1056:Ovule
1046:Ovary
987:Berry
977:Fruit
970:Whorl
837:Shoot
635:Algae
626:Plant
175:(see
55:whorl
29:tepal
1591:Grex
1473:Self
1007:Seed
869:Stem
847:Leaf
822:Root
817:Bulb
801:Wood
762:Cork
660:Fern
479:ISBN
463:ISBN
443:PMID
391:ISBN
206:alba
1280:Sap
997:Nut
842:Bud
433:PMC
425:doi
421:100
179:).
83:.)
75:or
43:or
1744::
441:.
431:.
419:.
415:.
258:A
242:A
204:Ă—
127:.
95:A
27:A
704:)
700:(
512:e
505:t
498:v
485:.
469:.
449:.
427::
399:.
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