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properties. Consequently, this made him the first to attempt to attribute specific reasons for structural and numerical relationships amongst organs, and thus to distinguish between major and minor aspects of plant symmetry. To account for modifications of symmetry in parts of different plants, an occurrence that could hinder the discovery of an evolutionary relationship, de
Candolle introduced the concept of
780:
the rhythm; the shortened period was not entrainedâcoordinatedâby environmental cues, thus the clock appeared to be endogenous. Despite these findings, a number of scientists continued to search for "factor X", an unknown exogenous factor associated with the Earth's rotation that was driving circadian oscillations in the absence of a light dark schedule, until the mid-twentieth century. In the mid-1920s,
417:, which significantly affected his childhood. Nevertheless, he is said to have had great aptitude for learning, distinguishing himself in school with his rapid acquisition of knowledge in classical and general literature and his ability to write fine poetry. In 1794, he began his scientific studies at the
485:
method. The premise of de
Candolle's method is that taxa do not fall along a linear scale; they are discrete, not continuous. Lamarck had originally published this work in 1778, with a second edition in 1795. The third edition, which bears the name of both Lamarck and de Candolle, was in reality the
779:
had a free-running period of leaf opening and closing of approximately 22â23 hours in constant light, significantly less than the approximate 24-hour period of the Earth's light-dark cycles. Since the period was shorter than 24 hours, he hypothesized that a different clock had to be responsible for
571:
in 1824. However, he was able to finish only seven volumes, or two-thirds of the whole. Even so, he was able to characterize over one hundred families of plants, helping to lay the empirical basis of general botany. Although de
Candolle's main focus was botany, throughout his career he also dabbled
734:
De
Candolle was also among the first to recognize the difference between the morphological and physiological characteristics of organs. He ascribed plant morphology as being related to the number of organs and their positions relative to each other rather than to their various physiological
1324:
American
Catholic Historical Researches (1905). "Abbe Correa de Serra, the Priest Ambassador of Portugal to the United States, 'The Most Enlightened Foreigner That Ever Visited This Country,' 'The Most Extraordinary Man Living', and 'Claimed as One of the Fathers of Our Country".
338:. Within a couple of years de Candolle had established a new genus, and he went on to document hundreds of plant families and create a new natural plant classification system. Although de Candolle's main focus was botany, he also contributed to related fields such as
497:. de Candolle then spent the next six summers making a botanical and agricultural survey of France at the request of the French government, which was published in 1813. In 1807, he was appointed professor of botany in the medical faculty of the
433:
He spent four years at the Geneva
Academy, studying science and law according to his father's wishes. In 1798, he moved to Paris after Geneva had been annexed to the French Republic. His botanical career formally began with the help of
688:, a scientific journal that publishes papers on systematic botany and phylotaxonomy, was named after de Candolle and his descendants in honor of their contribution to the field of botany. He was a mentor to the French-Mexican botanist
905:
FLORE FRANĂAISE, OU, Descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France : disposĂ©es selon une nouvelle mĂ©thode d'analyse, et prĂ©cĂ©dĂ©es par un exposĂ© des principes Ă©lĂ©mentaires de la
501:, where he would later become the first chair of botany in 1810. His teaching at the University of Montpellier consisted of field classes attended by 200â300 students, starting at 5:00 am and finishing at 7:00 pm.
838:
Flore française ou descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France disposées selon une nouvelle méthode d'analyse; et précédées par un exposé des principes élémentaires de la
1444:
710:
De
Candolle was the first to put forward the idea of "Nature's war", writing of plants being "at war one with another" with the meaning of different species fighting each other for space and resources.
2529:
2549:
2539:
1025:
Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta 17 vols
911:
SHORT DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL PLANTS WHICH ARE NATURALLY GROWING IN FRANCE, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO A NEW METHOD OF ANALYSIS, And preceded by a
Statement of Elementary Principles of Botany
2437:
Linnaeus freely admitted that this produced an "artificial classification", not a natural one, which would take into account all the similarities and differences between organisms.
446:
during the summer of 1798. The position elevated de
Candolle's reputation and also led to valuable instruction from Desfontaines himself. de Candolle established his first genus,
46:
2029:
1789:
Genera, species et synonyma
Candolleana: alphabetico ordine disposita, seu Index generalis et specialis ad A.P. Decandolle, Prodromum systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis
547:. Candolle moved back to Geneva in 1816 and in the following year was invited by the government of the Canton of Geneva to fill the newly created chair of natural history.
2599:
561:
De Candolle spent the rest of his life in an attempt to elaborate and complete his natural system of botanical classification. de Candolle published initial work in his
2554:
365:. De Candolle recognized that multiple species may develop similar characteristics that did not appear in a common evolutionary ancestor; a phenomenon now known as
931:
987:(1819) transcribed in Hervé M. Burdet, "Le récit par Augustin Pyramus de Candolle de l'élaboration de la Flore du Mexique, dite aussi Flore des dames de GenÚve,"
528:. Correia's endorsement of the idea of emphasizing similarity and symmetry in classifying plants influenced de Candolle, who acknowledged as much in his writing.
643:
373:
exists. Though many scientists doubted de Candolle's findings, experiments over a century later demonstrated that "the internal biological clock" indeed exists.
810:
2594:
1048:
369:. During his work with plants, de Candolle noticed that plant leaf movements follow a near-24-hour cycle in constant light, suggesting that an internal
2544:
1014:
A. P. de Candolle and K. Sprengel. Elements of the philosophy of plants: containing the principles of scientific botany. W. Blackwood, Edinburgh,1821.
567:
386:
2514:
1001:
Regni vegetabilis systema naturale, sive Ordines, genera et species plantarum secundum methodi naturalis normas digestarum et descriptarum 2 vols
972:
Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux
592:
156:
2193:
Moore, Robert; Eichler, Victor (July 1972). "Loss of a circadian adrenal corticosterone rhythm following suprachiasmatic lesions in the rat".
603:
Augustin de Candolle was the first of four generations of botanists in the de Candolle dynasty. He married Mademoiselle Torras and their son,
2534:
406:, to Augustin de Candolle, a former official, and his wife, Louise Eléonore BriÚre. His family descended from one of the ancient families of
1056:
731:. In 1839, de Candolle visited Britain and Darwin invited him to dinner, allowing the two scientists the opportunity to discuss the idea.
2034:
537:
565:, but after two volumes he realized he could not complete the project on such a large scale. Consequently, he began his less extensive
443:
1624:
2604:
2424:
2564:
2499:
1983:
1951:
1920:
1866:
1813:
1776:
1754:
1508:
624:
508:, who was Portuguese ambassador to Paris and who circulated in an international network of thinkers ranging from the Briton
141:
1250:
de Candolle, Augustin-Pyramus; Candaux, Jean-Daniel; Drouin, Jean-Marc (Autumn 2004). "Memoires et Souvenirs (1878â1841)".
788:
in the South Pole and in a space lab further confirmed the existence of oscillations in the absence of environmental cues.
925:
2559:
2130:
943:
Essai sur les propriétés médicales des plantes comparées avec leurs formes extérieures et leur classification naturelle
766:
1095:(third edition) was published in 1805 in 5 volumes, and reissued in 1815 together with a sixth volume as a supplement
804:
1383:
2379:
1708:
720:
2579:
2251:
Johnson, Maynard S (1926). "Activity and distribution of certain wild mice in relation to biotic communities".
770:
632:
2285:"Circadian Rhythms in Drinking Behavior and Locomotor Activity of Rats Are Eliminated by Hypothalamic Lesions"
422:
2454:
2222:
Moore-Ede, MC. (1986). "Physiology of the circadian timing system: predictive versus reactive homeostasis".
1891:
2574:
1033:
604:
493:
and was granted a doctor of medicine degree by the medical faculty of Paris. Two years later, he published
377:
133:
27:
1279:"The Portuguese naturalist Correia da Serra (1751â1823) and his impact on early nineteenth-century botany"
435:
331:
784:
repeated Candolle's findings and came to similar conclusions, and studies that showed the persistence of
2589:
2584:
1999:
521:
723:
in 1838 he considered "the warring of the species", adding that it was even more strongly conveyed by
2524:
1943:
The development of biological systematics: Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu, nature, and the natural system
959:
Mémoire sur la Géographie des Plantes de France, Considerée dans Ses Rapports avec la Hauteur Absolue
498:
195:
1712:
1801:
1067:
410:
in France, but relocated to Geneva at the end of the 16th century to escape religious persecution.
213:
2000:
RJ Willis. Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, and His Era; in The History of Allelopathy. Springer 2007
1837:
1787:
1013:
999:
970:
957:
894:
505:
2569:
1827:
949:
716:
680:
1023:
819:
2102:
1473:
541:(Elementary Theory of Botany, 1813), which introduced a new classification system and the word
418:
112:
2106:
2051:
1856:
1498:
1941:
1910:
689:
674:
481:, de Candolle proposed a natural method of plant classification as opposed to the artificial
466:
2134:
2519:
2509:
2504:
2348:
2296:
1887:
1537:
366:
470:
425:, who later inspired de Candolle to make botanical science the chief pursuit of his life.
8:
902:
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de; Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de (1815).
668:
612:
381:
137:
20:
2458:
2395:
2375:
2352:
2300:
1831:
836:
504:
During this period, de Candolle became a close acquaintance of the Portuguese polymath,
2472:
2356:
2268:
2176:
2151:
2093:
2068:
1574:
1541:
1306:
1259:
903:
736:
705:
542:
486:
work of the latter, the former having only lent his name and access to his collection.
403:
122:
74:
2319:
2284:
2416:
2324:
2280:
2239:
2210:
2206:
2181:
1979:
1947:
1916:
1862:
1809:
1772:
1750:
1579:
1561:
1504:
1298:
966:
728:
693:
631:, after being sick for many years. That same year, he was elected as a member of the
362:
2235:
1310:
2482:
2336:
2314:
2304:
2260:
2231:
2202:
2171:
2163:
2088:
2080:
1937:
1883:
1742:
1569:
1553:
1290:
785:
752:
662:
513:
370:
288:
282:
250:
2224:
American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
2139:
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology
978:
619:
through his detailed, extensive research and characterization of the plant family
550:
2450:
1973:
1557:
1008:
935:
917:
889:
884:
879:
865:
814:
639:
585:
517:
351:
319:
244:
2050:
Brewster, David; Taylor, Richard; Phillips, Richard; Kane, Robert (March 1842).
1746:
941:
473:
in 1802. Lamarck entrusted him with the publication of the third edition of the
2289:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1797:
1764:
1071:
861:
832:
724:
712:
573:
525:
462:
358:
339:
206:
181:
1294:
2493:
2464:
2025:
2020:
1565:
1302:
781:
775:
758:
748:
715:
studied de Candolle's "natural system" of classification in 1826 when at the
482:
414:
185:
2038:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 180â181.
2468:
2309:
2185:
2167:
2084:
1969:
1583:
581:
509:
347:
324:
2328:
2243:
2214:
1517:
1278:
376:
De Candolle's descendants continued his work on plant classification; son
1852:
1354:
1352:
607:, eventually succeeded to his father's chair in botany and continued the
532:
152:
93:
1154:
627:, was also a botanist. Augustin de Candolle died on 9 September 1841 in
2272:
1323:
1263:
620:
294:
1349:
762:
656:
439:
335:
2360:
2264:
357:
De Candolle originated the idea of "Nature's war", which influenced
1823:
577:
407:
343:
177:
2019:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1833:
Scientific papers of Asa Gray: Selected by Charles Sprague Sargent
2530:
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
2052:"Proceedings of Learned Societies: Royal Society Obituary Notice"
857:
828:
334:
launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a
1737:
Albrecht, Urs (2010). "A History of Chronobiological Concepts".
1183:
1173:
1171:
1169:
2374:
628:
555:
399:
327:
173:
70:
2394:
1674:
1595:
1593:
1523:
1277:
Diogo, Maria Paula; Carneiro, Ana; SimÔes, Ana (1 June 2001).
469:. de Candolle, with Cuvier's approval, acted as deputy at the
2550:
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1166:
1115:
1113:
1111:
390:, a catalog of plants begun by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle.
303:
2540:
Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
2069:"Temperature Entrainment of the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock"
1474:
http://www.editionsfavre.com/info.php?isbn=978-2-8289-1644-2
398:
Augustin Pyramus de Candolle was born on 4 February 1778 in
1707:
1590:
1195:
867:
Principes élémentaires de botanique et de physique végétale
615:, Augustin de Candolle's grandson, also contributed to the
323:; 4 February 1778 – 9 September 1841) was a
2049:
1691:
1689:
1605:
1364:
1160:
1108:
642:
about his life and one of his greatest contributions, the
268:
1415:
1413:
256:
2339:(July 1924). "Four Generations of Memorable Botanists".
1249:
1686:
1542:"Naming names: the first women taxonomists in mycology"
1468:
P. Bungener, P. Mattille & M.W. Callmander (2017).
1500:
Mushrooms of Colorado and the Southern Rocky Mountains
1425:
1410:
1398:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1189:
856:
827:
413:
At age seven de Candolle contracted a severe case of
291:
259:
253:
1638:
1478:
1470:
Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle: une passion, un Jardin
1219:
757:
De Candolle also made contributions to the field of
591:
In 1827, he was elected an associated member of the
306:
300:
271:
265:
1882:
1662:
1650:
1358:
1337:
1276:
1231:
1207:
1125:
1066:is used to indicate this person as the author when
1049:
Category:Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
727:, producing the pressures that Darwin later called
297:
262:
2600:18th-century botanists from the Republic of Geneva
765:leaf movements contributed by such scientists as
2555:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2491:
2107:"A Notice of Prof. Augustine Pyrame de Candolle"
1386:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1018:
1009:Essai ĂlĂ©mentaire de GĂ©ographie Botanique (1820)
994:
951:Synopsis plantarum in flora Gallica descriptarum
568:Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis
495:Synopsis plantarum in flora Gallica descriptarum
387:Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis
2421:University of California Museum of Paleontology
1625:"Darwin transmutation notebook D pp. 134eâ135e"
901:
2479:Works by or about Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
2135:"Notice of the Life and Labours of DeCandolle"
1975:Beyond Cladistics: The Branching of a Paradigm
1472:. Lausanne, GenĂšve, Ă©ditions Favre & CJBG
773:, de Candolle observed in 1832 that the plant
491:Essai sur les propriétés médicales des plantes
477:(1805â1815), and in the introduction entitled
438:, who recommended de Candolle for work in the
157:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
2279:
2056:Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science
1967:
1201:
2192:
1796:
1611:
1599:
1490:
1119:
1032:First seven volumes 1824â1839, continued by
2376:"de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1778â1841)"
1822:
1769:Plants: Food, Medicine, and the Green Earth
1496:
1327:The American Catholic Historical Researches
1177:
965:
920:Supplementary volume, volume index page 650
2595:Academic staff of the University of Geneva
2471:
2457:
1535:
1384:"Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778â1841)"
842:(in French) (3rd ed.). Paris: Desray.
45:
19:"DC." redirects here. For other uses, see
2545:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
2318:
2308:
2221:
2175:
2092:
1912:Plant systematics: an integrated approach
1808:. London: Michael Joseph, Penguin Group.
1792:. Berlin: Sumptibus librariae Nauckianae.
1785:
1680:
1573:
623:. Augustin de Candolle's great-grandson,
2414:
2335:
2111:The American Journal of Science and Arts
2024:
1736:
1695:
1431:
1419:
1404:
1213:
1148:
699:
549:
2250:
2149:
2129:
2101:
2066:
1936:
1890:; Garsney, Henry Edward Fowler (1890).
1668:
1656:
1370:
1237:
1225:
913:] (in French). Vol. 1. Desray.
2515:Scientists from the Republic of Geneva
2492:
1763:
1644:
761:. Building upon earlier work on plant
2465:Works by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
2451:Works by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
1908:
1851:
1503:. Big Earth Publishing. p. 136.
1484:
1343:
654:He is remembered in the plant genera
572:in fields related to botany, such as
461:(1802), brought him to the notice of
318:
2535:Foreign members of the Royal Society
1741:. Springer New York. pp. 1â35.
1617:
989:Anales del JardĂn BotĂĄnico de Madrid
444:Charles Louis L'HĂ©ritier de Brutelle
1548:. Leading women in fungal biology.
848:Principes élémentaires de botanique
563:Regni vegetabillis systema naturale
538:Théorie élémentaire de la botanique
489:In 1804, de Candolle published his
479:Principes élémentaires de botanique
428:
13:
2427:from the original on 30 April 2011
2400:Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques
1978:. University of California Press.
1524:Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques
791:
696:to investigate cryptogamic flora.
625:Richard Ămile Augustin de Candolle
593:Royal Institute of the Netherlands
142:Richard Ămile Augustin de Candolle
14:
2616:
2444:
1359:Sachs, Balfour & Garsney 1890
1283:Journal of the History of Biology
1252:Journal of the History of Biology
1190:de Lamarck & de Candolle 1815
692:and is credited with encouraging
26:For A. L. P. P. de Candolle, see
2012:
806:Historia Plantarum Succulentarum
742:
455:Plantarum historia succulentarum
287:
249:
155:(1833); associate member of the
51:Portrait by Joseph Hornung, 1839
2380:International Plant Names Index
2236:10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.5.r737
1724:
1709:International Plant Names Index
1701:
1529:
1462:
1437:
1376:
1317:
1270:
1243:
853:also published separately as: â
767:Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan
638:In 2017, a book was written in
2605:Swiss people with disabilities
2150:McClung, C. Robertson (2006).
1085:
873:(3rd ed.). Paris: Desray.
771:Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau
633:American Philosophical Society
1:
2565:Proto-evolutionary biologists
2455:Biodiversity Heritage Library
2415:Waggoner, Ben (7 July 2000).
1946:. Columbia University Press.
1893:History of Botany (1530â1860)
1858:One Hundred and One Botanists
1102:
996:de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus
862:de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus
666:, several plant species like
598:
393:
125:, Principle of "Nature's War"
2500:19th-century Swiss botanists
2423:. University of California.
2207:10.1016/0006-8993(72)90054-6
2030:Candolle, Augustin Pyrame de
1836:. Houghton Mifflin. p.
1558:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.12.001
1034:Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle
721:inception of Darwin's theory
605:Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle
535:, de Candolle published his
214:Author abbrev. (botany)
134:Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle
39:Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
28:Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle
7:
2417:"Carl Linnaeus (1707â1778)"
1861:. Purdue University Press.
1747:10.1007/978-1-4419-1262-6_1
1042:
1028:. Paris: Treuttel et WĂŒrtz.
1004:. Paris: Treuttel et WĂŒrtz.
975:(2nd ed.). DĂ©terville.
554:de Candolle family home in
453:De Candolle's first books,
423:Jean Pierre Ătienne Vaucher
104:Augustin Pyrame de Candolle
10:
2621:
2067:Eckardt, Nancy A. (2005).
746:
703:
644:Botanical Garden of Geneva
522:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
520:, and the French scholars
25:
18:
16:Swiss botanist (1778â1841)
2560:People with hydrocephalus
2283:; Zucker, Irving (1972).
2152:"Plant Circadian Rhythms"
1909:Singh, Gurcharan (2004).
1896:. Oxford: Clarendon Press
1202:Williams & Knapp 2010
858:de Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste
829:de Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste
649:
499:University of Montpellier
436:René Louiche Desfontaines
421:, where he studied under
332:René Louiche Desfontaines
224:
212:
202:
196:University of Montpellier
191:
169:
162:
148:
129:
118:
108:
100:
81:
56:
44:
37:
1786:Buek, H.W. (1840â1874).
1612:Desmond & Moore 1991
1600:Desmond & Moore 1991
1120:Desmond & Moore 1991
1078:
813:2 September 2006 at the
2131:Martius, Carl Friedrich
2035:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1771:. Infobase Publishing.
1295:10.1023/A:1010350218005
1178:Gray & Sargent 1889
717:University of Edinburgh
681:Psathyrella candolleana
2341:The Scientific Monthly
2310:10.1073/pnas.69.6.1583
2168:10.1105/tpc.106.040980
2085:10.1105/tpc.104.031336
1938:Stevens, Peter Francis
1915:. Science Publishers.
929:vols. 1â4, (1805â1808)
584:, medical botany, and
558:
350:, medical botany, and
2580:Botanists from Geneva
1888:Balfour, Isaac Bayley
1683:, pp. R741âR742.
747:Further information:
700:Classification system
690:Jean-Louis Berlandier
675:Diospyros candolleana
553:
506:José Correia da Serra
467:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
361:and the principle of
2281:Stephan, Friedrich K
2253:Journal of Mammalogy
1497:Evenson VS. (1997).
1449:search.amphilsoc.org
1445:"APS Member History"
1161:Brewster et al. 1842
457:(4 vols., 1799) and
367:convergent evolution
2575:Royal Medal winners
2353:1924SciMo..19...53T
2301:1972PNAS...69.1583S
1739:The Circadian Clock
1546:Studies in Mycology
1373:, pp. 225â226.
1361:, pp. 127â128.
1180:, pp. 292â293.
1057:author abbreviation
991:, 54 (1996) 575â88.
934:19 May 2011 at the
669:Eugenia candolleana
613:Casimir de Candolle
384:contributed to the
382:Casimir de Candolle
198:, CollĂšge de GenĂšve
138:Casimir de Candolle
21:DC (disambiguation)
1020:de Candolle, A. P.
706:De Candolle system
559:
404:Republic of Geneva
123:System of Taxonomy
75:Republic of Geneva
2590:Swiss taxonomists
2585:Swiss mycologists
2402:. Ville de GenĂšve
2337:Trelease, William
2103:Emerson, George B
1985:978-0-520-26772-5
1968:Williams, D. M.;
1953:978-0-231-06440-8
1922:978-1-57808-351-0
1868:978-1-55753-283-1
1815:978-0-7181-3430-3
1778:978-0-8160-6102-0
1756:978-1-4419-1262-6
1510:978-1-56579-192-3
799:Reticularia rosea
729:natural selection
694:Marie-Anne Libert
678:and the mushroom
512:to the Americans
471:CollĂšge de France
419:CollĂšge de GenĂšve
363:natural selection
228:
227:
164:Scientific career
113:CollĂšge de GenĂšve
2612:
2525:Chronobiologists
2483:Internet Archive
2475:
2461:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2382:. 7 January 2009
2364:
2332:
2322:
2312:
2295:(6): 1583â1586.
2276:
2247:
2230:(5): R737âR752.
2218:
2189:
2179:
2146:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2098:
2096:
2063:
2039:
2018:
2016:
2015:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1828:Sargent, Charles
1819:
1793:
1782:
1760:
1719:
1718:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1540:(1 March 2018).
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1123:
1117:
1096:
1089:
1075:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1029:
1005:
985:Flore du Mexique
976:
914:
874:
872:
843:
786:circadian rhythm
753:Circadian rhythm
663:Candolleodendron
514:Thomas Jefferson
429:Career in botany
371:biological clock
322:
320:[kÉÌdÉl]
317:
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
286:
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
248:
231:Augustin Pyramus
144:(great-grandson)
101:Other names
88:
85:9 September 1841
66:
64:
49:
35:
34:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2490:
2489:
2447:
2442:
2430:
2428:
2405:
2403:
2385:
2383:
2265:10.2307/1373575
2120:
2118:
2028:, ed. (1911). "
2013:
2011:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1972:, eds. (2010).
1958:
1956:
1954:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1899:
1897:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1842:
1840:
1816:
1798:Desmond, Adrian
1779:
1765:Allaby, Michael
1757:
1727:
1722:
1706:
1702:
1698:, pp. 3â4.
1694:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1591:
1536:Maroske, Sara;
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1418:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1322:
1318:
1275:
1271:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1176:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1126:
1118:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1093:Flore française
1090:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1045:
1040:
967:de Candolle, AP
936:Wayback Machine
870:
833:de Candolle, AP
815:Wayback Machine
808:(4 vols., 1799)
794:
792:Published works
755:
745:
708:
702:
652:
601:
586:economic botany
518:William Bartram
475:Flore française
431:
396:
352:economic botany
315:
290:
281:
280:
252:
243:
242:
96:
90:
86:
77:
68:
67:4 February 1778
62:
60:
52:
40:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2618:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2570:Pteridologists
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2486:
2485:
2476:
2462:
2446:
2445:External links
2443:
2441:
2440:
2412:
2392:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2333:
2277:
2259:(2): 245â277.
2248:
2219:
2201:(1): 201â206.
2195:Brain Research
2190:
2162:(4): 792â794.
2156:The Plant Cell
2147:
2127:
2099:
2079:(3): 645â647.
2073:The Plant Cell
2064:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2026:Chisholm, Hugh
2008:
2007:
2006:Encyclopaedias
2003:
2002:
1997:
1984:
1965:
1952:
1934:
1921:
1906:
1880:
1867:
1849:
1820:
1814:
1794:
1783:
1777:
1761:
1755:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1700:
1685:
1681:Moore-Ede 1986
1673:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1616:
1604:
1602:, p. 265.
1589:
1528:
1516:
1509:
1489:
1487:, p. 147.
1477:
1461:
1436:
1424:
1409:
1397:
1375:
1363:
1348:
1336:
1316:
1289:(2): 353â393.
1269:
1258:(3): 603â604.
1242:
1230:
1218:
1206:
1204:, p. 181.
1194:
1182:
1165:
1163:, p. 253.
1153:
1124:
1122:, p. 283.
1106:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1072:botanical name
1053:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1016:
1011:
1006:
992:
982:
963:
955:
947:
939:
923:
922:
921:
899:
898:
897:
895:vol. IV Part I
892:
887:
882:
877:
876:
875:
854:
846:Introduction:
825:
817:
802:
795:
793:
790:
744:
741:
725:Thomas Malthus
713:Charles Darwin
704:Main article:
701:
698:
651:
648:
600:
597:
574:phytogeography
526:Georges Cuvier
463:Georges Cuvier
430:
427:
395:
392:
359:Charles Darwin
340:phytogeography
226:
225:
222:
221:
216:
210:
209:
207:Georges Cuvier
204:
200:
199:
193:
189:
188:
182:phytogeography
171:
167:
166:
160:
159:
150:
146:
145:
131:
127:
126:
120:
119:Known for
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
91:
89:(aged 63)
83:
79:
78:
69:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2368:
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2362:
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2346:
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2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
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2316:
2311:
2306:
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2298:
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2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2133:(July 1843).
2132:
2128:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2021:public domain
2010:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1987:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1970:Knapp, Sandra
1966:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1907:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1884:Sachs, Julius
1881:
1870:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
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1784:
1780:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1696:Albrecht 2010
1692:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1647:, p. 87.
1646:
1641:
1626:
1620:
1614:, p. 43.
1613:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1434:, p. 61.
1433:
1432:Trelease 1924
1428:
1422:, p. 60.
1421:
1420:Trelease 1924
1416:
1414:
1407:, p. 55.
1406:
1405:Trelease 1924
1401:
1385:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1346:, p. 20.
1345:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1228:, p. 79.
1227:
1222:
1215:
1214:Waggoner 2000
1210:
1203:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1149:Chisholm 1911
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1073:
1069:
1058:
1055:The standard
1050:
1047:
1046:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:(1824â1873).
1021:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:
998:(1818â1821).
997:
993:
990:
986:
983:
980:
974:
973:
968:
964:
962:
960:
956:
954:
952:
948:
946:
944:
940:
937:
933:
930:
928:
927:Les liliacées
924:
919:
916:
915:
912:
908:
907:
900:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
869:
868:
863:
859:
855:
852:
851:
849:
845:
844:
841:
840:
834:
830:
826:
824:
822:
818:
816:
812:
809:
807:
803:
800:
797:
796:
789:
787:
783:
782:Erwin Bunning
778:
777:
776:Mimosa pudica
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:chronobiology
754:
750:
749:Chronobiology
743:Chronobiology
740:
738:
732:
730:
726:
722:
719:, and in the
718:
714:
707:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
682:
677:
676:
671:
670:
665:
664:
659:
658:
647:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
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618:
614:
610:
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589:
587:
583:
579:
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557:
552:
548:
546:
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539:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
487:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
426:
424:
420:
416:
415:hydrocephalus
411:
409:
405:
401:
391:
389:
388:
383:
380:and grandson
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
326:
321:
311:
284:
276:
246:
240:
236:
232:
223:
220:
217:
215:
211:
208:
205:
201:
197:
194:
190:
187:
186:chronobiology
183:
179:
175:
172:
168:
165:
161:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
140:(grandson);
139:
135:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
84:
80:
76:
72:
59:
55:
48:
43:
36:
33:
29:
22:
2487:
2469:Open Library
2436:
2429:. Retrieved
2420:
2404:. Retrieved
2399:
2384:. Retrieved
2347:(1): 53â62.
2344:
2340:
2292:
2288:
2256:
2252:
2227:
2223:
2198:
2194:
2159:
2155:
2142:
2138:
2119:. Retrieved
2114:
2110:
2076:
2072:
2059:
2055:
2033:
1989:. Retrieved
1974:
1957:. Retrieved
1942:
1926:. Retrieved
1911:
1898:. Retrieved
1892:
1872:. Retrieved
1857:
1853:Isely, Duane
1841:. Retrieved
1832:
1805:
1802:Moore, James
1788:
1768:
1738:
1725:Bibliography
1713:
1703:
1676:
1669:Eckardt 2005
1664:
1657:McClung 2006
1652:
1640:
1630:10 September
1628:. Retrieved
1619:
1607:
1549:
1545:
1531:
1519:
1499:
1492:
1480:
1469:
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1427:
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1378:
1371:Emerson 1842
1366:
1339:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1238:Martius 1843
1233:
1226:Stevens 1994
1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1156:
1092:
1087:
1024:
1019:
1000:
995:
988:
984:
979:2nd ed. 1819
971:
958:
950:
942:
926:
910:
904:
866:
847:
837:
821:Astragalogia
820:
805:
798:
774:
756:
733:
709:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
653:
637:
616:
608:
602:
590:
582:paleontology
566:
562:
560:
543:
536:
530:
510:Joseph Banks
503:
494:
490:
488:
478:
474:
459:Astragalogia
458:
454:
452:
447:
432:
412:
397:
385:
375:
356:
348:paleontology
238:
234:
230:
229:
218:
192:Institutions
163:
87:(1841-09-09)
32:
2520:Bryologists
2510:1841 deaths
2505:1778 births
2396:"Candollea"
2145:(74): 1â20.
1991:15 February
1645:Allaby 2010
1538:May, Tom W.
1333:(1): 30â43.
850:p. 61
533:Montpellier
450:, in 1799.
239:de Candolle
153:Royal Medal
94:Switzerland
2494:Categories
1485:Isely 2002
1344:Singh 2004
1103:References
621:Piperaceae
599:Later life
394:Early life
63:1778-02-04
2117:: 217â226
1824:Gray, Asa
1566:0166-0616
1552:: 63â84.
1390:5 October
1303:1573-0387
969:(1819) .
906:botanique
890:vol. III
871:(extract)
839:botanique
835:(1815) .
763:circadian
686:Candollea
657:Candollea
617:Prodromus
609:Prodromus
531:While in
448:Senebiera
440:herbarium
336:herbarium
130:Relatives
109:Education
2425:Archived
2369:Websites
2186:16595397
2105:(1842).
2044:Articles
1959:13 April
1940:(1994).
1928:13 April
1874:13 April
1855:(2002).
1830:(1889).
1804:(1991).
1767:(2010).
1714: DC
1584:29910514
1454:12 April
1311:14138084
1043:See also
932:Archived
885:vol. II
864:(1805).
811:Archived
737:homology
578:agronomy
544:taxonomy
483:Linnaean
408:Provence
378:Alphonse
344:agronomy
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