58:
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properties. Consequently, this made him the first to attempt to attribute specific reasons for structural and numerical relationships amongst organs, and thus to distinguish between major and minor aspects of plant symmetry. To account for modifications of symmetry in parts of different plants, an occurrence that could hinder the discovery of an evolutionary relationship, de
Candolle introduced the concept of
791:
the rhythm; the shortened period was not entrainedâcoordinatedâby environmental cues, thus the clock appeared to be endogenous. Despite these findings, a number of scientists continued to search for "factor X", an unknown exogenous factor associated with the Earth's rotation that was driving circadian oscillations in the absence of a light dark schedule, until the mid-twentieth century. In the mid-1920s,
428:, which significantly affected his childhood. Nevertheless, he is said to have had great aptitude for learning, distinguishing himself in school with his rapid acquisition of knowledge in classical and general literature and his ability to write fine poetry. In 1794, he began his scientific studies at the
496:
method. The premise of de
Candolle's method is that taxa do not fall along a linear scale; they are discrete, not continuous. Lamarck had originally published this work in 1778, with a second edition in 1795. The third edition, which bears the name of both Lamarck and de Candolle, was in reality the
790:
had a free-running period of leaf opening and closing of approximately 22â23 hours in constant light, significantly less than the approximate 24-hour period of the Earth's light-dark cycles. Since the period was shorter than 24 hours, he hypothesized that a different clock had to be responsible for
582:
in 1824. However, he was able to finish only seven volumes, or two-thirds of the whole. Even so, he was able to characterize over one hundred families of plants, helping to lay the empirical basis of general botany. Although de
Candolle's main focus was botany, throughout his career he also dabbled
745:
De
Candolle was also among the first to recognize the difference between the morphological and physiological characteristics of organs. He ascribed plant morphology as being related to the number of organs and their positions relative to each other rather than to their various physiological
1335:
American
Catholic Historical Researches (1905). "Abbe Correa de Serra, the Priest Ambassador of Portugal to the United States, 'The Most Enlightened Foreigner That Ever Visited This Country,' 'The Most Extraordinary Man Living', and 'Claimed as One of the Fathers of Our Country".
349:. Within a couple of years de Candolle had established a new genus, and he went on to document hundreds of plant families and create a new natural plant classification system. Although de Candolle's main focus was botany, he also contributed to related fields such as
508:. de Candolle then spent the next six summers making a botanical and agricultural survey of France at the request of the French government, which was published in 1813. In 1807, he was appointed professor of botany in the medical faculty of the
444:
He spent four years at the Geneva
Academy, studying science and law according to his father's wishes. In 1798, he moved to Paris after Geneva had been annexed to the French Republic. His botanical career formally began with the help of
699:, a scientific journal that publishes papers on systematic botany and phylotaxonomy, was named after de Candolle and his descendants in honor of their contribution to the field of botany. He was a mentor to the French-Mexican botanist
916:
FLORE FRANĂAISE, OU, Descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France : disposĂ©es selon une nouvelle mĂ©thode d'analyse, et prĂ©cĂ©dĂ©es par un exposĂ© des principes Ă©lĂ©mentaires de la
512:, where he would later become the first chair of botany in 1810. His teaching at the University of Montpellier consisted of field classes attended by 200â300 students, starting at 5:00 am and finishing at 7:00 pm.
849:
Flore française ou descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France disposées selon une nouvelle méthode d'analyse; et précédées par un exposé des principes élémentaires de la
1455:
721:
De
Candolle was the first to put forward the idea of "Nature's war", writing of plants being "at war one with another" with the meaning of different species fighting each other for space and resources.
2540:
2560:
2550:
1036:
Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta 17 vols
922:
SHORT DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL PLANTS WHICH ARE NATURALLY GROWING IN FRANCE, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO A NEW METHOD OF ANALYSIS, And preceded by a
Statement of Elementary Principles of Botany
2448:
Linnaeus freely admitted that this produced an "artificial classification", not a natural one, which would take into account all the similarities and differences between organisms.
457:
during the summer of 1798. The position elevated de
Candolle's reputation and also led to valuable instruction from Desfontaines himself. de Candolle established his first genus,
57:
2040:
1800:
Genera, species et synonyma
Candolleana: alphabetico ordine disposita, seu Index generalis et specialis ad A.P. Decandolle, Prodromum systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis
558:. Candolle moved back to Geneva in 1816 and in the following year was invited by the government of the Canton of Geneva to fill the newly created chair of natural history.
2610:
572:
De Candolle spent the rest of his life in an attempt to elaborate and complete his natural system of botanical classification. de Candolle published initial work in his
2565:
376:. De Candolle recognized that multiple species may develop similar characteristics that did not appear in a common evolutionary ancestor; a phenomenon now known as
942:
998:(1819) transcribed in Hervé M. Burdet, "Le récit par Augustin Pyramus de Candolle de l'élaboration de la Flore du Mexique, dite aussi Flore des dames de GenÚve,"
539:. Correia's endorsement of the idea of emphasizing similarity and symmetry in classifying plants influenced de Candolle, who acknowledged as much in his writing.
654:
384:
exists. Though many scientists doubted de Candolle's findings, experiments over a century later demonstrated that "the internal biological clock" indeed exists.
821:
2605:
1059:
380:. During his work with plants, de Candolle noticed that plant leaf movements follow a near-24-hour cycle in constant light, suggesting that an internal
2555:
1025:
A. P. de Candolle and K. Sprengel. Elements of the philosophy of plants: containing the principles of scientific botany. W. Blackwood, Edinburgh,1821.
578:
397:
2525:
1012:
Regni vegetabilis systema naturale, sive Ordines, genera et species plantarum secundum methodi naturalis normas digestarum et descriptarum 2 vols
983:
Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux
603:
167:
2204:
Moore, Robert; Eichler, Victor (July 1972). "Loss of a circadian adrenal corticosterone rhythm following suprachiasmatic lesions in the rat".
614:
Augustin de Candolle was the first of four generations of botanists in the de Candolle dynasty. He married Mademoiselle Torras and their son,
2545:
417:, to Augustin de Candolle, a former official, and his wife, Louise Eléonore BriÚre. His family descended from one of the ancient families of
1067:
742:. In 1839, de Candolle visited Britain and Darwin invited him to dinner, allowing the two scientists the opportunity to discuss the idea.
2045:
548:
576:, but after two volumes he realized he could not complete the project on such a large scale. Consequently, he began his less extensive
454:
1635:
2615:
2435:
2575:
2510:
1994:
1962:
1931:
1877:
1824:
1787:
1765:
1519:
635:
519:, who was Portuguese ambassador to Paris and who circulated in an international network of thinkers ranging from the Briton
152:
1261:
de Candolle, Augustin-Pyramus; Candaux, Jean-Daniel; Drouin, Jean-Marc (Autumn 2004). "Memoires et Souvenirs (1878â1841)".
799:
in the South Pole and in a space lab further confirmed the existence of oscillations in the absence of environmental cues.
936:
2570:
2141:
954:
Essai sur les propriétés médicales des plantes comparées avec leurs formes extérieures et leur classification naturelle
777:
1106:(third edition) was published in 1805 in 5 volumes, and reissued in 1815 together with a sixth volume as a supplement
815:
1394:
2390:
1719:
731:
2590:
2262:
Johnson, Maynard S (1926). "Activity and distribution of certain wild mice in relation to biotic communities".
781:
643:
2296:"Circadian Rhythms in Drinking Behavior and Locomotor Activity of Rats Are Eliminated by Hypothalamic Lesions"
433:
2465:
2233:
Moore-Ede, MC. (1986). "Physiology of the circadian timing system: predictive versus reactive homeostasis".
1902:
2585:
1044:
615:
504:
and was granted a doctor of medicine degree by the medical faculty of Paris. Two years later, he published
388:
144:
38:
1290:"The Portuguese naturalist Correia da Serra (1751â1823) and his impact on early nineteenth-century botany"
446:
342:
795:
repeated Candolle's findings and came to similar conclusions, and studies that showed the persistence of
2600:
2595:
2010:
532:
734:
in 1838 he considered "the warring of the species", adding that it was even more strongly conveyed by
2535:
1954:
The development of biological systematics: Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu, nature, and the natural system
970:
Mémoire sur la Géographie des Plantes de France, Considerée dans Ses Rapports avec la Hauteur Absolue
509:
206:
1723:
1812:
1078:
421:
in France, but relocated to Geneva at the end of the 16th century to escape religious persecution.
224:
17:
2011:
RJ Willis. Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, and His Era; in The History of Allelopathy. Springer 2007
1848:
1798:
1024:
1010:
981:
968:
905:
516:
2580:
1838:
960:
727:
691:
1034:
830:
2113:
1484:
552:(Elementary Theory of Botany, 1813), which introduced a new classification system and the word
429:
123:
2117:
2062:
1867:
1509:
1952:
1921:
700:
685:
492:, de Candolle proposed a natural method of plant classification as opposed to the artificial
477:
2145:
2530:
2520:
2515:
2359:
2307:
1898:
1548:
377:
481:
436:, who later inspired de Candolle to make botanical science the chief pursuit of his life.
8:
913:
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de; Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de (1815).
679:
623:
392:
148:
31:
2469:
2406:
2386:
2363:
2311:
1842:
847:
515:
During this period, de Candolle became a close acquaintance of the Portuguese polymath,
2483:
2367:
2279:
2187:
2162:
2104:
2079:
1585:
1552:
1317:
1270:
914:
747:
716:
553:
497:
work of the latter, the former having only lent his name and access to his collection.
414:
133:
85:
2330:
2295:
2427:
2335:
2291:
2250:
2221:
2217:
2192:
1990:
1958:
1927:
1873:
1820:
1783:
1761:
1590:
1572:
1515:
1309:
977:
739:
704:
642:, after being sick for many years. That same year, he was elected as a member of the
373:
2246:
1321:
2493:
2347:
2325:
2315:
2271:
2242:
2213:
2182:
2174:
2099:
2091:
1948:
1894:
1753:
1580:
1564:
1301:
796:
763:
673:
524:
381:
299:
293:
261:
2235:
American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
2150:
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology
989:
630:
through his detailed, extensive research and characterization of the plant family
561:
2461:
1984:
1568:
1019:
946:
928:
900:
895:
890:
876:
825:
650:
596:
528:
362:
330:
255:
2061:
Brewster, David; Taylor, Richard; Phillips, Richard; Kane, Robert (March 1842).
1757:
952:
484:
in 1802. Lamarck entrusted him with the publication of the third edition of the
2300:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1808:
1775:
1082:
872:
843:
735:
723:
584:
536:
473:
369:
350:
217:
192:
1305:
2504:
2475:
2036:
2031:
1576:
1313:
792:
786:
769:
759:
726:
studied de Candolle's "natural system" of classification in 1826 when at the
493:
425:
196:
2049:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 180â181.
2479:
2320:
2196:
2178:
2095:
1980:
1594:
592:
520:
358:
335:
2339:
2254:
2225:
1528:
1289:
387:
De Candolle's descendants continued his work on plant classification; son
1863:
1365:
1363:
618:, eventually succeeded to his father's chair in botany and continued the
543:
163:
104:
1165:
638:, was also a botanist. Augustin de Candolle died on 9 September 1841 in
2283:
1334:
1274:
631:
305:
1360:
773:
667:
450:
346:
2371:
2275:
368:
De Candolle originated the idea of "Nature's war", which influenced
1834:
588:
418:
354:
188:
2030:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1844:
Scientific papers of Asa Gray: Selected by Charles Sprague Sargent
2541:
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
2063:"Proceedings of Learned Societies: Royal Society Obituary Notice"
868:
839:
345:
launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a
1748:
Albrecht, Urs (2010). "A History of Chronobiological Concepts".
1194:
1184:
1182:
1180:
2385:
639:
566:
410:
338:
184:
81:
2405:
1685:
1606:
1604:
1534:
1288:
Diogo, Maria Paula; Carneiro, Ana; SimÔes, Ana (1 June 2001).
480:. de Candolle, with Cuvier's approval, acted as deputy at the
2561:
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1177:
1126:
1124:
1122:
401:, a catalog of plants begun by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle.
314:
2551:
Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
2080:"Temperature Entrainment of the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock"
1485:
http://www.editionsfavre.com/info.php?isbn=978-2-8289-1644-2
409:
Augustin Pyramus de Candolle was born on 4 February 1778 in
1718:
1601:
1206:
878:
Principes élémentaires de botanique et de physique végétale
626:, Augustin de Candolle's grandson, also contributed to the
334:; 4 February 1778 – 9 September 1841) was a
2060:
1702:
1700:
1616:
1375:
1171:
1119:
653:
about his life and one of his greatest contributions, the
279:
1426:
1424:
267:
2350:(July 1924). "Four Generations of Memorable Botanists".
1260:
1697:
1553:"Naming names: the first women taxonomists in mycology"
1479:
P. Bungener, P. Mattille & M.W. Callmander (2017).
1511:
Mushrooms of Colorado and the Southern Rocky Mountains
1436:
1421:
1409:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1200:
867:
838:
424:
At age seven de Candolle contracted a severe case of
302:
270:
264:
1649:
1489:
1481:
Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle: une passion, un Jardin
1230:
768:
De Candolle also made contributions to the field of
602:
In 1827, he was elected an associated member of the
317:
311:
282:
276:
1893:
1673:
1661:
1369:
1348:
1287:
1242:
1218:
1136:
1077:is used to indicate this person as the author when
1060:
Category:Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
738:, producing the pressures that Darwin later called
308:
273:
2611:18th-century botanists from the Republic of Geneva
776:leaf movements contributed by such scientists as
2566:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2502:
2118:"A Notice of Prof. Augustine Pyrame de Candolle"
1397:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1029:
1020:Essai ĂlĂ©mentaire de GĂ©ographie Botanique (1820)
1005:
962:Synopsis plantarum in flora Gallica descriptarum
579:Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis
506:Synopsis plantarum in flora Gallica descriptarum
398:Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis
2432:University of California Museum of Paleontology
1636:"Darwin transmutation notebook D pp. 134eâ135e"
912:
2490:Works by or about Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
2146:"Notice of the Life and Labours of DeCandolle"
1986:Beyond Cladistics: The Branching of a Paradigm
1483:. Lausanne, GenĂšve, Ă©ditions Favre & CJBG
784:, de Candolle observed in 1832 that the plant
502:Essai sur les propriétés médicales des plantes
488:(1805â1815), and in the introduction entitled
449:, who recommended de Candolle for work in the
168:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
2290:
2067:Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science
1978:
1212:
2203:
1807:
1622:
1610:
1501:
1130:
1043:First seven volumes 1824â1839, continued by
2387:"de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1778â1841)"
1833:
1780:Plants: Food, Medicine, and the Green Earth
1507:
1338:The American Catholic Historical Researches
1188:
976:
931:Supplementary volume, volume index page 650
2606:Academic staff of the University of Geneva
2482:
2468:
1546:
1395:"Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778â1841)"
853:(in French) (3rd ed.). Paris: Desray.
56:
30:"DC." redirects here. For other uses, see
2556:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
2329:
2319:
2232:
2186:
2103:
1923:Plant systematics: an integrated approach
1819:. London: Michael Joseph, Penguin Group.
1803:. Berlin: Sumptibus librariae Nauckianae.
1796:
1691:
1584:
634:. Augustin de Candolle's great-grandson,
2425:
2346:
2122:The American Journal of Science and Arts
2035:
1747:
1706:
1442:
1430:
1415:
1224:
1159:
710:
560:
2261:
2160:
2140:
2112:
2077:
1947:
1901:; Garsney, Henry Edward Fowler (1890).
1679:
1667:
1381:
1248:
1236:
924:] (in French). Vol. 1. Desray.
14:
2526:Scientists from the Republic of Geneva
2503:
1774:
1655:
772:. Building upon earlier work on plant
2476:Works by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
2462:Works by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
1919:
1862:
1514:. Big Earth Publishing. p. 136.
1495:
1354:
665:He is remembered in the plant genera
583:in fields related to botany, such as
472:(1802), brought him to the notice of
329:
2546:Foreign members of the Royal Society
1752:. Springer New York. pp. 1â35.
1628:
1000:Anales del JardĂn BotĂĄnico de Madrid
455:Charles Louis L'HĂ©ritier de Brutelle
1559:. Leading women in fungal biology.
859:Principes élémentaires de botanique
574:Regni vegetabillis systema naturale
549:Théorie élémentaire de la botanique
500:In 1804, de Candolle published his
490:Principes élémentaires de botanique
439:
24:
2438:from the original on 30 April 2011
2411:Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques
1989:. University of California Press.
1535:Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques
802:
707:to investigate cryptogamic flora.
636:Richard Ămile Augustin de Candolle
604:Royal Institute of the Netherlands
153:Richard Ămile Augustin de Candolle
25:
2627:
2455:
1370:Sachs, Balfour & Garsney 1890
1294:Journal of the History of Biology
1263:Journal of the History of Biology
1201:de Lamarck & de Candolle 1815
703:and is credited with encouraging
37:For A. L. P. P. de Candolle, see
2023:
817:Historia Plantarum Succulentarum
753:
466:Plantarum historia succulentarum
298:
260:
166:(1833); associate member of the
62:Portrait by Joseph Hornung, 1839
2391:International Plant Names Index
2247:10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.5.r737
1735:
1720:International Plant Names Index
1712:
1540:
1473:
1448:
1387:
1328:
1281:
1254:
864:also published separately as: â
778:Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan
649:In 2017, a book was written in
2616:Swiss people with disabilities
2161:McClung, C. Robertson (2006).
1096:
884:(3rd ed.). Paris: Desray.
782:Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau
644:American Philosophical Society
13:
1:
2576:Proto-evolutionary biologists
2466:Biodiversity Heritage Library
2426:Waggoner, Ben (7 July 2000).
1957:. Columbia University Press.
1904:History of Botany (1530â1860)
1869:One Hundred and One Botanists
1113:
1007:de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus
873:de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus
677:, several plant species like
609:
404:
136:, Principle of "Nature's War"
2511:19th-century Swiss botanists
2434:. University of California.
2218:10.1016/0006-8993(72)90054-6
2041:Candolle, Augustin Pyrame de
1847:. Houghton Mifflin. p.
1569:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.12.001
1045:Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle
732:inception of Darwin's theory
616:Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle
546:, de Candolle published his
225:Author abbrev. (botany)
145:Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle
50:Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
39:Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle
7:
2428:"Carl Linnaeus (1707â1778)"
1872:. Purdue University Press.
1758:10.1007/978-1-4419-1262-6_1
1053:
1039:. Paris: Treuttel et WĂŒrtz.
1015:. Paris: Treuttel et WĂŒrtz.
986:(2nd ed.). DĂ©terville.
565:de Candolle family home in
464:De Candolle's first books,
434:Jean Pierre Ătienne Vaucher
115:Augustin Pyrame de Candolle
10:
2632:
2078:Eckardt, Nancy A. (2005).
757:
714:
655:Botanical Garden of Geneva
533:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
531:, and the French scholars
36:
29:
27:Swiss botanist (1778â1841)
2571:People with hydrocephalus
2294:; Zucker, Irving (1972).
2163:"Plant Circadian Rhythms"
1920:Singh, Gurcharan (2004).
1907:. Oxford: Clarendon Press
1213:Williams & Knapp 2010
869:de Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste
840:de Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste
660:
510:University of Montpellier
447:René Louiche Desfontaines
432:, where he studied under
343:René Louiche Desfontaines
235:
223:
213:
207:University of Montpellier
202:
180:
173:
159:
140:
129:
119:
111:
92:
67:
55:
48:
1797:Buek, H.W. (1840â1874).
1623:Desmond & Moore 1991
1611:Desmond & Moore 1991
1131:Desmond & Moore 1991
1089:
824:2 September 2006 at the
2142:Martius, Carl Friedrich
2046:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1782:. Infobase Publishing.
1306:10.1023/A:1010350218005
1189:Gray & Sargent 1889
728:University of Edinburgh
692:Psathyrella candolleana
2352:The Scientific Monthly
2321:10.1073/pnas.69.6.1583
2179:10.1105/tpc.106.040980
2096:10.1105/tpc.104.031336
1949:Stevens, Peter Francis
1926:. Science Publishers.
940:vols. 1â4, (1805â1808)
595:, medical botany, and
569:
361:, medical botany, and
2591:Botanists from Geneva
1899:Balfour, Isaac Bayley
1694:, pp. R741âR742.
758:Further information:
711:Classification system
701:Jean-Louis Berlandier
686:Diospyros candolleana
564:
517:José Correia da Serra
478:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
372:and the principle of
2292:Stephan, Friedrich K
2264:Journal of Mammalogy
1508:Evenson VS. (1997).
1460:search.amphilsoc.org
1456:"APS Member History"
1172:Brewster et al. 1842
468:(4 vols., 1799) and
378:convergent evolution
2586:Royal Medal winners
2364:1924SciMo..19...53T
2312:1972PNAS...69.1583S
1750:The Circadian Clock
1557:Studies in Mycology
1384:, pp. 225â226.
1372:, pp. 127â128.
1191:, pp. 292â293.
1068:author abbreviation
1002:, 54 (1996) 575â88.
945:19 May 2011 at the
680:Eugenia candolleana
624:Casimir de Candolle
395:contributed to the
393:Casimir de Candolle
209:, CollĂšge de GenĂšve
149:Casimir de Candolle
32:DC (disambiguation)
1031:de Candolle, A. P.
717:De Candolle system
570:
415:Republic of Geneva
134:System of Taxonomy
86:Republic of Geneva
2601:Swiss taxonomists
2596:Swiss mycologists
2413:. Ville de GenĂšve
2348:Trelease, William
2114:Emerson, George B
1996:978-0-520-26772-5
1979:Williams, D. M.;
1964:978-0-231-06440-8
1933:978-1-57808-351-0
1879:978-1-55753-283-1
1826:978-0-7181-3430-3
1789:978-0-8160-6102-0
1767:978-1-4419-1262-6
1521:978-1-56579-192-3
810:Reticularia rosea
740:natural selection
705:Marie-Anne Libert
689:and the mushroom
523:to the Americans
482:CollĂšge de France
430:CollĂšge de GenĂšve
374:natural selection
239:
238:
175:Scientific career
124:CollĂšge de GenĂšve
16:(Redirected from
2623:
2536:Chronobiologists
2494:Internet Archive
2486:
2472:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2393:. 7 January 2009
2375:
2343:
2333:
2323:
2306:(6): 1583â1586.
2287:
2258:
2241:(5): R737âR752.
2229:
2200:
2190:
2157:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2109:
2107:
2074:
2050:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1839:Sargent, Charles
1830:
1804:
1793:
1771:
1730:
1729:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
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1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1588:
1551:(1 March 2018).
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1477:
1471:
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1419:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1391:
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1379:
1373:
1367:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1285:
1279:
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1258:
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1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1134:
1128:
1107:
1100:
1086:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1040:
1016:
996:Flore du Mexique
987:
925:
885:
883:
854:
797:circadian rhythm
764:Circadian rhythm
674:Candolleodendron
525:Thomas Jefferson
440:Career in botany
382:biological clock
333:
331:[kÉÌdÉl]
328:
324:
323:
320:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
297:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
259:
242:Augustin Pyramus
155:(great-grandson)
112:Other names
99:
96:9 September 1841
77:
75:
60:
46:
45:
21:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2501:
2500:
2458:
2453:
2441:
2439:
2416:
2414:
2396:
2394:
2276:10.2307/1373575
2131:
2129:
2039:, ed. (1911). "
2024:
2022:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1983:, eds. (2010).
1969:
1967:
1965:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1910:
1908:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1853:
1851:
1827:
1809:Desmond, Adrian
1790:
1776:Allaby, Michael
1768:
1738:
1733:
1717:
1713:
1709:, pp. 3â4.
1705:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1602:
1547:Maroske, Sara;
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1333:
1329:
1286:
1282:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1137:
1129:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1104:Flore française
1101:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1056:
1051:
978:de Candolle, AP
947:Wayback Machine
881:
844:de Candolle, AP
826:Wayback Machine
819:(4 vols., 1799)
805:
803:Published works
766:
756:
719:
713:
663:
612:
597:economic botany
529:William Bartram
486:Flore française
442:
407:
363:economic botany
326:
301:
292:
291:
263:
254:
253:
107:
101:
97:
88:
79:
78:4 February 1778
73:
71:
63:
51:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2629:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Pteridologists
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2497:
2496:
2487:
2473:
2457:
2456:External links
2454:
2452:
2451:
2423:
2403:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2344:
2288:
2270:(2): 245â277.
2259:
2230:
2212:(1): 201â206.
2206:Brain Research
2201:
2173:(4): 792â794.
2167:The Plant Cell
2158:
2138:
2110:
2090:(3): 645â647.
2084:The Plant Cell
2075:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2037:Chisholm, Hugh
2019:
2018:
2017:Encyclopaedias
2014:
2013:
2008:
1995:
1976:
1963:
1945:
1932:
1917:
1891:
1878:
1860:
1831:
1825:
1805:
1794:
1788:
1772:
1766:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1711:
1696:
1692:Moore-Ede 1986
1684:
1672:
1660:
1648:
1627:
1615:
1613:, p. 265.
1600:
1539:
1527:
1520:
1500:
1498:, p. 147.
1488:
1472:
1447:
1435:
1420:
1408:
1386:
1374:
1359:
1347:
1327:
1300:(2): 353â393.
1280:
1269:(3): 603â604.
1253:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1215:, p. 181.
1205:
1193:
1176:
1174:, p. 253.
1164:
1135:
1133:, p. 283.
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1083:botanical name
1064:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1003:
993:
974:
966:
958:
950:
934:
933:
932:
910:
909:
908:
906:vol. IV Part I
903:
898:
893:
888:
887:
886:
865:
857:Introduction:
836:
828:
813:
806:
804:
801:
755:
752:
736:Thomas Malthus
724:Charles Darwin
715:Main article:
712:
709:
662:
659:
611:
608:
585:phytogeography
537:Georges Cuvier
474:Georges Cuvier
441:
438:
406:
403:
370:Charles Darwin
351:phytogeography
237:
236:
233:
232:
227:
221:
220:
218:Georges Cuvier
215:
211:
210:
204:
200:
199:
193:phytogeography
182:
178:
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171:
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157:
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142:
138:
137:
131:
130:Known for
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
102:
100:(aged 63)
94:
90:
89:
80:
69:
65:
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61:
53:
52:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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2256:
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2240:
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2215:
2211:
2207:
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2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2144:(July 1843).
2143:
2139:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2032:public domain
2021:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1981:Knapp, Sandra
1977:
1966:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1935:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1895:Sachs, Julius
1892:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1832:
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1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1795:
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1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1708:
1707:Albrecht 2010
1703:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1669:
1664:
1658:, p. 87.
1657:
1652:
1637:
1631:
1625:, p. 43.
1624:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
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1550:
1543:
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1531:
1523:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1445:, p. 61.
1444:
1443:Trelease 1924
1439:
1433:, p. 60.
1432:
1431:Trelease 1924
1427:
1425:
1418:, p. 55.
1417:
1416:Trelease 1924
1412:
1396:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1357:, p. 20.
1356:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1239:, p. 79.
1238:
1233:
1226:
1225:Waggoner 2000
1221:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1173:
1168:
1161:
1160:Chisholm 1911
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1105:
1099:
1095:
1084:
1080:
1069:
1066:The standard
1061:
1058:
1057:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:(1824â1873).
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1009:(1818â1821).
1008:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
985:
984:
979:
975:
973:
971:
967:
965:
963:
959:
957:
955:
951:
948:
944:
941:
939:
938:Les liliacées
935:
930:
927:
926:
923:
919:
918:
911:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
880:
879:
874:
870:
866:
863:
862:
860:
856:
855:
852:
851:
845:
841:
837:
835:
833:
829:
827:
823:
820:
818:
814:
811:
808:
807:
800:
798:
794:
793:Erwin Bunning
789:
788:
787:Mimosa pudica
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:chronobiology
765:
761:
760:Chronobiology
754:Chronobiology
751:
749:
743:
741:
737:
733:
730:, and in the
729:
725:
718:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:
688:
687:
682:
681:
676:
675:
670:
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645:
641:
637:
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629:
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534:
530:
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522:
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513:
511:
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495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
437:
435:
431:
427:
426:hydrocephalus
422:
420:
416:
412:
402:
400:
399:
394:
391:and grandson
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
337:
332:
322:
295:
287:
257:
251:
247:
243:
234:
231:
228:
226:
222:
219:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
198:
197:chronobiology
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
151:(grandson);
150:
146:
143:
139:
135:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
95:
91:
87:
83:
70:
66:
59:
54:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2498:
2480:Open Library
2447:
2440:. Retrieved
2431:
2415:. Retrieved
2410:
2395:. Retrieved
2358:(1): 53â62.
2355:
2351:
2303:
2299:
2267:
2263:
2238:
2234:
2209:
2205:
2170:
2166:
2153:
2149:
2130:. Retrieved
2125:
2121:
2087:
2083:
2070:
2066:
2044:
2000:. Retrieved
1985:
1968:. Retrieved
1953:
1937:. Retrieved
1922:
1909:. Retrieved
1903:
1883:. Retrieved
1868:
1864:Isely, Duane
1852:. Retrieved
1843:
1816:
1813:Moore, James
1799:
1779:
1749:
1736:Bibliography
1724:
1714:
1687:
1680:Eckardt 2005
1675:
1668:McClung 2006
1663:
1651:
1641:10 September
1639:. Retrieved
1630:
1618:
1560:
1556:
1542:
1530:
1510:
1503:
1491:
1480:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1459:
1450:
1438:
1411:
1399:. Retrieved
1389:
1382:Emerson 1842
1377:
1350:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1249:Martius 1843
1244:
1237:Stevens 1994
1232:
1220:
1208:
1196:
1167:
1103:
1098:
1035:
1030:
1011:
1006:
999:
995:
990:2nd ed. 1819
982:
969:
961:
953:
937:
921:
915:
877:
858:
848:
832:Astragalogia
831:
816:
809:
785:
767:
744:
720:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
664:
648:
627:
619:
613:
601:
593:paleontology
577:
573:
571:
554:
547:
541:
521:Joseph Banks
514:
505:
501:
499:
489:
485:
470:Astragalogia
469:
465:
463:
458:
443:
423:
408:
396:
386:
367:
359:paleontology
249:
245:
241:
240:
229:
203:Institutions
174:
98:(1841-09-09)
43:
2531:Bryologists
2521:1841 deaths
2516:1778 births
2407:"Candollea"
2156:(74): 1â20.
2002:15 February
1656:Allaby 2010
1549:May, Tom W.
1344:(1): 30â43.
861:p. 61
544:Montpellier
461:, in 1799.
250:de Candolle
164:Royal Medal
105:Switzerland
2505:Categories
1496:Isely 2002
1355:Singh 2004
1114:References
632:Piperaceae
610:Later life
405:Early life
74:1778-02-04
2128:: 217â226
1835:Gray, Asa
1577:0166-0616
1563:: 63â84.
1401:5 October
1314:1573-0387
980:(1819) .
917:botanique
901:vol. III
882:(extract)
850:botanique
846:(1815) .
774:circadian
697:Candollea
668:Candollea
628:Prodromus
620:Prodromus
542:While in
459:Senebiera
451:herbarium
347:herbarium
141:Relatives
120:Education
2436:Archived
2380:Websites
2197:16595397
2116:(1842).
2055:Articles
1970:13 April
1951:(1994).
1939:13 April
1885:13 April
1866:(2002).
1841:(1889).
1815:(1991).
1778:(2010).
1725: DC
1595:29910514
1465:12 April
1322:14138084
1054:See also
943:Archived
896:vol. II
875:(1805).
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185:Botany
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