51:
931:
874:
3862:
3838:
684:
3313:
2027:
2039:
3850:
2063:
2051:
921:
than does either rye or wheat. Agronomy has also been instrumental for fruit and vegetable production research. Furthermore, the application of plant breeding for turfgrass development has resulted in a reduction in the demand for fertilizer and water inputs (requirements), as well as turf-types with
858:
saw the introduction of high-yield variety of crops, modern fertilizers and improvement of agricultural practices. It led to an increase of global food production to help reduce hunger and poverty in many parts of the world.
1030:
may be used to prevent soil erosion and conserve rainfall. Researchers of agronomy also seek ways to use the soil more effectively for solving other problems. Such problems include the disposal of human and animal
978:
more productive and profitable. They classify soils and analyze them to determine whether they contain nutrients vital for plant growth. Common macronutrients analyzed include compounds of
945:
to extend and expedite the development of desired characteristics. Biotechnology is often a laboratory activity requiring field testing of new crop varieties that are developed.
3143:
1043:
accumulation in the soil, as well as preserving the soil for future generations such as the burning of paddocks after crop production. Pasture management techniques include
1097:
into harvestable products. The main parameters considered are temperature, sunlight, standing crop biomass, plant production distribution, and nutrient and water supply.
1018:) are tested in a regional laboratory. Agronomists will interpret these laboratory reports and make recommendations to modify soil nutrients for optimal plant growth.
3148:
1203:
1229:
1058:
is the management of agricultural systems with an emphasis on ecological and environmental applications. This topic is associated closely with work for
3281:
2012:
1667:
1630:
605:
565:
83:
3349:
1026:
Additionally, agronomists develop methods to preserve soil and decrease the effects of by wind and water. For example, a technique known as
3199:
1365:
948:
In addition to increasing crop yields agronomic biotechnology is being applied increasingly for novel uses other than food. For example,
3815:
3015:
1980:
1924:
667:
3810:
1213:
712:
3614:
854:
Agronomy continued to evolve with the development of new technology and practices in the 20th century. From the 1960s, the
1047:, planting of soil-binding grasses along contours on steep slopes, and using contour drains of depths as much as 1 metre.
1882:
1081:
is the quantitative study of the growth of crops. The plant is treated as a kind of biological factory, which processes
1912:
3342:
3205:
2067:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
2100:
1358:
835:
During the 18th and 19th centuries, advances in science led to the development of modern agronomy. German chemist
2539:
1960:
1945:
1940:
1717:
647:
632:
627:
133:
3020:
2007:
2002:
1950:
1697:
1078:
952:
is at present used mainly for margarine and other food oils, but it can be modified to produce fatty acids for
637:
600:
595:
113:
3887:
2470:
1682:
1395:
1233:
98:
3335:
3189:
2776:
2291:
1702:
1677:
118:
93:
3271:
3025:
1687:
1351:
103:
3897:
3828:
3005:
1727:
1662:
1491:
424:
143:
78:
3892:
3155:
1466:
969:
705:
399:
3293:
3138:
2188:
1975:
1561:
1476:
1461:
1416:
1106:
1015:
662:
496:
409:
394:
332:
258:
1902:
1625:
1620:
1511:
1481:
1059:
560:
555:
446:
414:
3358:
3424:
3123:
3047:
1970:
1955:
1897:
1892:
1647:
1578:
1571:
1390:
1385:
657:
642:
513:
506:
268:
60:
17:
2852:
3509:
3484:
3464:
3288:
1786:
1566:
501:
327:
263:
236:
3729:
3539:
3489:
3010:
2907:
2862:
2534:
2093:
2031:
1867:
1657:
1516:
1471:
804:. Some of the earliest practices of agronomy are found in ancient civilizations, including
801:
698:
451:
404:
73:
27:
2510:
1338:
851:. Their work laid for the establishment of modern fertilizers and agricultural practices.
8:
3644:
3514:
3180:
2725:
2055:
1486:
1111:
419:
748:, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation. Agronomy has come to include research of
50:
3866:
3842:
3805:
3759:
3739:
3724:
3549:
3544:
3118:
2983:
2761:
2453:
2239:
2135:
2043:
1965:
1791:
1707:
882:
840:
688:
652:
241:
123:
3882:
3744:
3624:
3479:
3276:
2125:
2120:
2038:
1635:
1608:
1556:
1526:
1296:
1288:
1280:
1272:
1209:
1184:
1151:
894:
836:
570:
543:
491:
461:
310:
253:
216:
3469:
3062:
2968:
2963:
2917:
2810:
2795:
2756:
2681:
2522:
2446:
2343:
2285:
1872:
1830:
1722:
1613:
1521:
1506:
1146:
910:
855:
753:
548:
456:
441:
179:
138:
2857:
3754:
3719:
3316:
3298:
3160:
2989:
2939:
2927:
2889:
2825:
2652:
2620:
2581:
2554:
2383:
2378:
2269:
2205:
2086:
1847:
1583:
1094:
1063:
1044:
1036:
1027:
930:
909:. It has also resulted in the development of new types of plants. For example, a
844:
518:
290:
275:
211:
194:
3854:
3609:
3419:
3210:
3175:
3128:
3110:
3074:
2830:
2657:
2635:
2601:
2576:
2559:
2549:
2544:
2426:
2244:
2229:
2183:
2178:
1803:
1086:
868:
848:
821:
749:
317:
873:
3876:
3861:
3689:
3584:
3474:
3449:
3444:
3246:
2994:
2912:
2884:
2847:
2815:
2751:
2720:
2671:
2571:
2373:
2356:
2279:
2259:
2200:
2195:
2143:
1997:
1862:
1820:
1766:
1588:
1411:
957:
942:
829:
805:
789:
781:
590:
523:
305:
206:
199:
34:
917:
was produced by crossbreeding rye and wheat. Triticale contains more usable
3734:
3714:
3679:
3674:
3664:
3659:
3639:
3619:
3529:
3499:
3459:
3439:
3429:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3241:
3231:
3133:
2842:
2351:
2318:
1917:
1776:
1751:
1593:
1551:
1498:
1456:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1067:
761:
528:
486:
431:
389:
346:
322:
1205:
Fundamentals of
Agriculture (ICAR-NET, JRF, SRF, CSIR-NET, UPSC & IFS)
3784:
3779:
3749:
3704:
3649:
3589:
3574:
3569:
3534:
3494:
3384:
3374:
3369:
3057:
3042:
3037:
2973:
2835:
2615:
2586:
2485:
2480:
2328:
2168:
2163:
2148:
1907:
1842:
1825:
1798:
1771:
1756:
1732:
1603:
1446:
1374:
1126:
1116:
1055:
809:
757:
733:
538:
364:
354:
295:
280:
189:
174:
148:
42:
3769:
3764:
3709:
3694:
3634:
3599:
3594:
3564:
3524:
3504:
3434:
3414:
3086:
3079:
3069:
3052:
2735:
2730:
2666:
2458:
2305:
2264:
2158:
1598:
1546:
1541:
1426:
1188:
983:
890:
825:
533:
481:
476:
369:
359:
248:
226:
221:
3327:
3684:
3669:
3654:
3604:
3579:
3194:
3091:
2820:
2625:
2606:
2517:
2441:
2361:
2313:
2254:
2234:
2173:
1808:
1536:
1040:
995:
987:
953:
914:
773:
769:
471:
1327:
3774:
3699:
3629:
3559:
3554:
3236:
3170:
3165:
2932:
2805:
2781:
2698:
2368:
2153:
1121:
979:
902:
785:
3789:
3519:
3389:
2421:
2416:
2333:
2323:
1857:
1813:
1781:
1332:
1246:
1011:
991:
949:
918:
777:
765:
285:
231:
3454:
2874:
2766:
2686:
2640:
2630:
2591:
2529:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2109:
1835:
1761:
1431:
1421:
1032:
999:
935:
843:, an English entrepreneur, contributed to the understanding of
184:
1343:
3098:
3032:
2954:
2922:
2879:
2771:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2691:
2676:
2645:
2566:
2224:
2215:
1852:
1090:
1082:
1007:
906:
898:
817:
813:
764:. It is the application of a combination of sciences such as
745:
729:
300:
1312:
1230:"Iowa State University: Undergraduate Program - Agroecology"
2949:
2944:
2596:
2436:
2411:
2406:
2390:
2249:
1743:
1531:
1202:
Arya, R. L.; Arya, S.; Arya, Renu; Kumar, J. (2015-01-01).
1003:
975:
886:
741:
737:
466:
166:
820:. They developed various techniques for the management of
2869:
2431:
2078:
1322:
1317:
1002:. Soil is also assessed for several micronutrients, like
3826:
1070:
and the development of alternative cropping systems.
889:
for various conditions. Plant breeding has increased
728:
is the science and technology of producing and using
1339:
800:Agronomy has a long and rich history dating to the
877:An agronomist, field-sampling a trial plot of flax
1201:
1169:Georgetown International Environmental Law Review
3874:
3343:
2094:
1359:
706:
3200:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
974:Agronomists study sustainable ways to make
3350:
3336:
2101:
2087:
1366:
1352:
1183:. MCSP Publications. pp. 107 to 171.
713:
699:
3816:Timeline of biology and organic chemistry
3144:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
929:
872:
26:For broader coverage of this topic, see
3357:
1333:The National Agricultural Library (NAL)
1073:
788:. Professionals of agronomy are termed
3875:
1323:Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
1318:Crop Science Society of America (CSSA)
1313:The American Society of Agronomy (ASA)
3811:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
3331:
2082:
1347:
1335:– Comprehensive agricultural library.
1178:
23:Science of producing and using plants
2050:
1021:
1010:. The percentage of organic matter,
2062:
13:
1913:Environmental impact of irrigation
1181:Modern Corn and Soybean Production
14:
3909:
3149:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
1306:
1014:, and nutrient holding capacity (
862:
3860:
3848:
3836:
3312:
3311:
2061:
2049:
2037:
2026:
2025:
925:
881:This topic of agronomy involves
682:
49:
1981:Agriculture and the environment
1718:British Agricultural Revolution
1373:
1262:The Future World of Agriculture
1254:
963:
668:Agriculture and the environment
134:British Agricultural Revolution
1925:Climate change and agriculture
1698:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
1240:
1222:
1195:
1172:
1163:
1079:Theoretical production ecology
1050:
934:An agronomist mapping a plant
885:of plants to produce the best
114:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
1:
1328:European Society for Agronomy
1157:
897:of numerous crops, including
3190:History of plant systematics
2777:Thorns, spines, and prickles
1703:Arab Agricultural Revolution
1269:Storia delle scienze agrarie
119:Arab Agricultural Revolution
7:
1271:, 4 vols, Bologna 1984–89,
1100:
922:higher disease resistance.
20:(also known as agronomics).
10:
3914:
3006:Alternation of generations
2108:
1663:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
967:
866:
795:
79:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
32:
25:
15:
3798:
3365:
3307:
3255:
3219:
3156:Cultivated plant taxonomy
3119:Biological classification
3109:
2982:
2898:
2794:
2744:
2469:
2399:
2342:
2304:
2278:
2214:
2134:
2116:
2022:
2013:Universities and colleges
1989:
1933:
1881:
1742:
1646:
1631:Universities and colleges
1445:
1438:
1404:
1381:
1208:. Scientific Publishers.
1179:Hoeft, Robert G. (2000).
970:Agricultural soil science
606:Universities and colleges
566:Universities and colleges
3016:Evolutionary development
1998:Agriculturist profession
1477:Agricultural engineering
1462:Agricultural cooperative
1107:Agricultural engineering
1068:alternative food systems
1016:cation exchange capacity
591:Agriculturist profession
410:Agricultural engineering
395:Agricultural cooperative
16:Not to be confused with
2667:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
1903:Agricultural wastewater
1626:Sustainable food system
1621:Sustainable agriculture
1512:Animal-free agriculture
1482:Agricultural technology
1060:sustainable agriculture
956:, substitute fuels and
561:Sustainable food system
556:Sustainable agriculture
447:Animal-free agriculture
415:Agricultural technology
3425:Biological engineering
3282:by author abbreviation
3206:Plant taxonomy systems
3124:Botanical nomenclature
2003:Agricultural machinery
1961:History of agriculture
1946:Agriculture by country
1941:Agricultural machinery
1898:Agricultural pollution
1893:Agricultural expansion
1668:Austronesian expansion
1579:Mechanised agriculture
938:
878:
689:Agriculture portal
648:History of agriculture
633:Agriculture by country
628:Agricultural machinery
596:Agricultural machinery
514:Mechanised agriculture
84:Austronesian expansion
18:agricultural economics
3510:Developmental biology
3485:Computational biology
3465:Cellular microbiology
3289:Botanical expeditions
2008:Government ministries
1951:Agriculture companies
1787:Convertible husbandry
1467:Agricultural supplies
1417:Agricultural Engineer
933:
893:and has improved the
876:
638:Agriculture companies
601:Government ministries
400:Agricultural supplies
237:Convertible husbandry
3888:Agricultural science
3730:Reproductive biology
3615:Mathematical biology
3540:Evolutionary biology
3490:Conservation biology
3021:Evolutionary history
3011:Double fertilization
2863:Cellular respiration
1658:Neolithic Revolution
1517:Cellular agriculture
1472:Agricultural science
1074:Theoretical modeling
802:Neolithic Revolution
452:Cellular agriculture
405:Agricultural science
74:Neolithic Revolution
28:Agricultural science
3515:Ecological genetics
3359:Branches of biology
2240:Non-vascular plants
1112:Agricultural policy
333:Steam sterilization
3806:History of biology
3740:Structural biology
3725:Relational biology
3550:Generative biology
3545:Freshwater biology
2745:Surface structures
2540:Flower development
1792:Rotational grazing
1708:Columbian exchange
1236:on 7 October 2008.
939:
883:selective breeding
879:
841:John Bennett Lawes
242:Rotational grazing
124:Columbian exchange
3898:Plant agriculture
3824:
3823:
3745:Synthetic biology
3625:Molecular biology
3480:Cognitive biology
3325:
3324:
2964:Herbaceous plants
2790:
2789:
2076:
2075:
1636:Urban agriculture
1609:Rice-duck farming
1557:Intensive farming
1527:Extensive farming
1267:Antonio Saltini,
1260:Wendy B. Murphy,
1247:Rosenberg Agronom
1215:978-93-86102-36-2
1152:Vegetable farming
1022:Soil conservation
895:nutritional value
837:Justus von Liebig
723:
722:
571:Urban agriculture
544:Rice-duck farming
492:Intensive farming
462:Extensive farming
3905:
3893:Applied sciences
3865:
3864:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3832:
3470:Chemical biology
3352:
3345:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3315:
3314:
3294:Individual trees
2969:Secondary growth
2940:Succulent plants
2928:Prostrate shrubs
2811:Apical dominance
2796:Plant physiology
2757:Epicuticular wax
2302:
2301:
2295:
2286:Plant morphology
2103:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2065:
2064:
2053:
2052:
2041:
2029:
2028:
1873:Wildlife farming
1723:Green Revolution
1674:Ancient history
1614:Rice-fish system
1522:Contract farming
1507:Animal husbandry
1368:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1232:. Archived from
1226:
1220:
1219:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1147:Green Revolution
941:Agronomists use
856:Green Revolution
754:plant physiology
715:
708:
701:
687:
686:
685:
549:Rice-fish system
457:Contract farming
442:Animal husbandry
180:Animal husbandry
139:Green Revolution
90:Ancient history
53:
39:
38:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3827:
3825:
3820:
3794:
3755:Systems biology
3720:Quantum biology
3361:
3356:
3326:
3321:
3303:
3272:Botanical terms
3265:
3251:
3215:
3161:Citrus taxonomy
3139:Author citation
3105:
2999:
2978:
2900:
2894:
2890:Turgor pressure
2798:
2786:
2740:
2555:Floral symmetry
2473:
2465:
2395:
2384:Vascular bundle
2379:Vascular tissue
2338:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2274:
2245:Vascular plants
2210:
2206:Plant pathology
2130:
2112:
2107:
2077:
2072:
2018:
2017:
2016:
1985:
1976:Poultry farming
1929:
1884:
1877:
1848:Poultry farming
1738:
1714:Modern history
1694:Post-classical
1642:
1641:
1640:
1584:Organic farming
1441:
1440:
1436:
1400:
1377:
1372:
1309:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1200:
1196:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1103:
1076:
1064:organic farming
1053:
1045:no-till farming
1037:water pollution
1028:contour plowing
1024:
972:
966:
928:
871:
865:
845:plant nutrition
798:
719:
683:
681:
676:
675:
674:
673:
672:
663:Poultry farming
620:
612:
611:
610:
585:
577:
576:
575:
519:Organic farming
384:
376:
375:
374:
349:
339:
338:
337:
169:
159:
158:
157:
156:
155:
130:Modern history
110:Post-classical
63:
37:
31:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3911:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3870:
3869:
3857:
3845:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Marine biology
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:Bioinformatics
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3262:Related topics
3260:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3211:Taxonomic rank
3208:
3203:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3163:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3129:Botanical name
3121:
3115:
3113:
3111:Plant taxonomy
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3087:Megasporangium
3084:
3083:
3082:
3075:Microsporangia
3067:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2920:
2915:
2913:Cushion plants
2904:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2850:
2848:Plant hormones
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2831:Photosynthesis
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2550:Floral formula
2547:
2545:Floral diagram
2542:
2537:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2498:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2474:(incl. Flower)
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2434:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2376:
2374:Storage organs
2371:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2260:Spermatophytes
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:Archaeplastida
2227:
2221:
2219:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2184:Phytogeography
2181:
2179:Phytochemistry
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2136:Subdisciplines
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1806:
1804:Insect farming
1801:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1683:Ancient Greece
1680:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1308:
1307:External links
1305:
1304:
1303:
1265:
1264:, Watts, 1984.
1256:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1239:
1221:
1214:
1194:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1087:carbon dioxide
1075:
1072:
1052:
1049:
1023:
1020:
968:Main article:
965:
962:
958:petrochemicals
927:
924:
869:Plant breeding
867:Main article:
864:
863:Plant breeding
861:
849:soil chemistry
822:soil fertility
797:
794:
750:plant genetics
721:
720:
718:
717:
710:
703:
695:
692:
691:
678:
677:
671:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
624:
623:
622:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
609:
608:
603:
598:
593:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
552:
551:
546:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
510:
509:
504:
499:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
428:
427:
422:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
373:
372:
367:
362:
357:
351:
350:
345:
344:
341:
340:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
318:Slash-and-burn
315:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
272:
271:
266:
261:
251:
246:
245:
244:
239:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
203:
202:
197:
192:
187:
177:
171:
170:
165:
164:
161:
160:
154:
153:
152:
151:
146:
141:
136:
128:
127:
126:
121:
116:
108:
107:
106:
101:
99:Ancient Greece
96:
88:
87:
86:
81:
76:
67:
66:
65:
64:
59:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3910:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3856:
3846:
3844:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3690:Phylogenetics
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3585:Human biology
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:Chronobiology
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Biotechnology
3448:
3446:
3445:Biostatistics
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3318:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3248:
3247:Phytochemical
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:Transpiration
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2672:Inflorescence
2670:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2357:Ground tissue
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:Plant anatomy
2277:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:Plant ecology
2199:
2197:
2196:Plant anatomy
2194:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Archaeobotany
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2070:
2069:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2024:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Meat industry
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:Biotechnology
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1883:Environmental
1880:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:Sheep farming
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1767:Dairy farming
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1744:Farming Types
1741:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:Ancient Egypt
1676:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Paludiculture
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:Biotechnology
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:Agriculturist
1410:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1301:88-206-2415-X
1298:
1294:
1293:88-206-2414-1
1290:
1286:
1285:88-206-2413-3
1282:
1278:
1277:88-206-2412-5
1274:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1248:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
971:
961:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
943:biotechnology
937:
932:
926:Biotechnology
923:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
875:
870:
860:
857:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
830:crop rotation
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
806:Ancient Egypt
803:
793:
791:
787:
783:
782:earth science
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
716:
711:
709:
704:
702:
697:
696:
694:
693:
690:
680:
679:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
658:Meat industry
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
643:Biotechnology
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
616:
615:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
581:
580:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
524:Paludiculture
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
426:
425:Biotechnology
423:
421:
418:
417:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
380:
379:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
348:
343:
342:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
313:
309:
307:
306:Sharecropping
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
255:
252:
250:
247:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
182:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
168:
163:
162:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
129:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
111:
109:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
94:Ancient Egypt
92:
91:
89:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
71:
69:
68:
62:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
36:
35:Agriculturist
29:
19:
3735:Sociobiology
3715:Protistology
3680:Photobiology
3675:Pharmacology
3665:Parasitology
3660:Paleontology
3640:Neuroscience
3620:Microbiology
3530:Epidemiology
3500:Cytogenetics
3460:Cell biology
3440:Biosemiotics
3430:Biomechanics
3410:Biogeography
3405:Biochemistry
3400:Bacteriology
3395:Astrobiology
3379:
3242:Horticulture
3232:Floriculture
3226:
3134:Correct name
2984:Reproduction
2974:Woody plants
2899:Plant growth
2858:Gas Exchange
2843:Phytomelanin
2721:Plant embryo
2471:Reproductive
2319:Phragmoplast
2066:
2054:
2042:
2030:
1918:Overdrafting
1777:Goat farming
1688:Ancient Rome
1594:Permaculture
1552:Horticulture
1499:Agroforestry
1457:Agribusiness
1268:
1261:
1255:Bibliography
1242:
1234:the original
1224:
1204:
1197:
1180:
1174:
1165:
1142:Horticulture
1137:Food systems
1132:Crop farming
1077:
1054:
1025:
973:
964:Soil science
947:
940:
913:grain named
880:
853:
834:
799:
762:soil science
725:
724:
529:Permaculture
487:Horticulture
436:
432:Agroforestry
390:Agribusiness
347:Hydroculture
323:Smallholding
311:
104:Ancient Rome
3867:Environment
3843:Agriculture
3785:Xenobiology
3780:Virophysics
3750:Systematics
3705:Primatology
3650:Ornithology
3590:Ichthyology
3575:Herpetology
3570:Gerontology
3535:Epigenetics
3495:Cryobiology
3385:Agrostology
3375:Aerobiology
3370:Abiogenesis
3058:Pollen tube
3053:Pollinators
3043:Pollination
3038:Germination
2853:Respiration
2836:Chlorophyll
2682:Pedicellate
2616:Gametophyte
2535:Aestivation
2486:Antheridium
2481:Archegonium
2329:Plasmodesma
2306:Plant cells
2169:Paleobotany
2164:Ethnobotany
2149:Astrobotany
2068:Wikiproject
1908:Overgrazing
1843:Pig farming
1826:Paddy field
1799:Hydroponics
1772:Fur farming
1757:Aquaculture
1752:Agrivoltaic
1733:Monoculture
1654:Prehistory
1604:Polyculture
1427:Farm worker
1405:Occupations
1375:Agriculture
1127:Agrophysics
1117:Agroecology
1056:Agroecology
1051:Agroecology
891:crop yields
810:Mesopotamia
790:agronomists
758:meteorology
734:agriculture
539:Polyculture
365:Hydroponics
355:Aquaculture
296:Paddy field
281:Monoculture
175:Agrivoltaic
149:Monoculture
70:Prehistory
43:Agriculture
3877:Categories
3770:Toxicology
3765:Teratology
3710:Proteomics
3695:Physiology
3635:Neontology
3600:Lipidology
3595:Immunology
3565:Geobiology
3525:Embryology
3505:Dendrology
3435:Biophysics
3415:Biogeology
3080:Microspore
3070:Sporangium
3048:Artificial
2736:Sporophyte
2731:Sporophyll
2726:Receptacle
2621:Gynandrium
2491:Androecium
2400:Vegetative
2270:Angiosperm
2265:Gymnosperm
2159:Dendrology
1934:Categories
1599:Plantation
1547:Free range
1542:Feed ratio
1189:B0006RLD8U
1158:References
984:phosphorus
954:detergents
826:irrigation
619:Categories
534:Plantation
482:Free range
477:Feed ratio
370:Aeroponics
360:Aquaponics
227:Free-range
222:Fertilizer
33:See also:
3685:Phycology
3670:Pathology
3655:Osteology
3645:Nutrition
3605:Mammalogy
3580:Histology
3277:Botanists
3195:Herbarium
3092:Megaspore
2990:Evolution
2933:Subshrubs
2901:and habit
2826:Nutrition
2821:Cellulose
2816:Bulk flow
2799:Materials
2762:Epidermis
2626:Gynoecium
2607:Endosperm
2602:Dispersal
2518:Staminode
2454:Sessility
2442:Cataphyll
2362:Mesophyll
2314:Cell wall
2255:Lycophyte
2235:Bryophyte
2189:Geobotany
2174:Phycology
1966:Livestock
1809:Livestock
1537:Farmhouse
1095:nutrients
1041:pesticide
996:magnesium
988:potassium
915:triticale
774:economics
770:chemistry
653:Livestock
472:Farmhouse
254:Intensive
217:Extensive
3883:Agronomy
3799:See also
3775:Virology
3760:Taxonomy
3700:Pomology
3630:Mycology
3560:Genomics
3555:Genetics
3380:Agronomy
3317:Category
3237:Forestry
3227:Agronomy
3220:Practice
3171:Cultivar
3166:Cultigen
3026:timeline
2918:Rosettes
2806:Aleurone
2782:Trichome
2699:Perianth
2511:Filament
2369:Meristem
2292:glossary
2154:Bryology
2032:Category
1858:Orchards
1831:Pastoral
1503:Agronomy
1122:Agrology
1101:See also
980:nitrogen
903:soybeans
786:genetics
726:Agronomy
437:Agronomy
301:Ranching
3855:Ecology
3829:Portals
3790:Zoology
3520:Ecology
3390:Anatomy
2995:Ecology
2752:Cuticle
2582:Capsule
2572:Anatomy
2523:Tapetum
2447:Petiole
2422:Rhizome
2417:Rhizoid
2344:Tissues
2334:Vacuole
2324:Plastid
2126:Outline
2121:History
2056:Commons
1868:Terrace
1814:Pasture
1782:Grazing
1728:Organic
1648:History
1562:animals
1487:Digital
1447:General
1391:History
1386:Outline
1012:soil pH
992:calcium
950:oilseed
919:protein
796:History
778:ecology
766:biology
497:animals
420:Digital
383:Related
328:Terrace
312:Colonia
291:Organic
286:Orchard
276:Natural
259:animals
232:Grazing
212:Dryland
195:poultry
167:On land
144:Organic
61:History
3455:Botany
3299:Plants
3202:(IAPT)
2955:Lianas
2923:Shrubs
2875:Starch
2767:Nectar
2687:Raceme
2653:Stigma
2641:Locule
2631:Carpel
2592:Pyrena
2530:Flower
2506:Anther
2501:Stamen
2496:Pollen
2218:groups
2110:Botany
2044:Portal
1885:impact
1836:Bocage
1762:Cattle
1432:Herder
1422:Farmer
1299:
1291:
1283:
1275:
1212:
1187:
1093:, and
1066:, and
1039:, and
1033:manure
1000:sulfur
998:, and
936:genome
911:hybrid
905:, and
784:, and
760:, and
730:plants
185:cattle
3259:Lists
3176:Group
3099:Spore
3033:Flora
2950:Vines
2945:Trees
2908:Habit
2880:Sugar
2772:Stoma
2714:Sepal
2709:Petal
2704:Tepal
2692:Umbel
2677:Bract
2658:Style
2646:Ovule
2636:Ovary
2577:Berry
2567:Fruit
2560:Whorl
2427:Shoot
2225:Algae
2216:Plant
1990:Lists
1853:Ranch
1821:Mixed
1572:crops
1396:Index
1091:water
1083:light
1008:boron
976:soils
907:wheat
887:crops
818:India
814:China
746:fiber
584:Lists
507:crops
269:crops
249:Hobby
207:Dairy
200:sheep
3181:Grex
3063:Self
2597:Seed
2459:Stem
2437:Leaf
2412:Root
2407:Bulb
2391:Wood
2352:Cork
2250:Fern
1567:pigs
1532:Farm
1297:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1281:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1210:ISBN
1185:ASIN
1006:and
1004:zinc
899:corn
847:and
839:and
828:and
816:and
742:fuel
738:food
736:for
502:pigs
467:Farm
264:pigs
190:pigs
2870:Sap
2587:Nut
2432:Bud
732:by
3879::
1295:,
1287:,
1279:,
1089:,
1085:,
1062:,
1035:,
994:,
990:,
986:,
982:,
960:.
901:,
832:.
824:,
812:,
808:,
792:.
780:,
776:,
772:,
768:,
756:,
752:,
744:,
740:,
3831::
3351:e
3344:t
3337:v
2294:)
2290:(
2102:e
2095:t
2088:v
1367:e
1360:t
1353:v
1218:.
1191:.
714:e
707:t
700:v
30:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.