Philanthropy - Knowledge

610: 207: 445: 882:, whereby poor nations dramatically increased their output of rice, wheat, and other foods. Both Ford and Rockefeller were heavily involved. Ford also gave heavily to build up research universities in Europe and worldwide. For example, in Italy in 1950, sent a team to help the Italian ministry of education reform the nation's school system, based on meritocracy (rather than political or family patronage) and democratisation (with universal access to secondary schools). It reached a compromise between the Christian Democrats and the Socialists to help promote uniform treatment and equal outcomes. The success in Italy became a model for Ford programs and many other nations. 625:. Between 1914 and 1919, the CRB operated entirely with voluntary efforts and was able to feed eleven million Belgians by raising money, obtaining voluntary contributions of money and food, shipping the food to Belgium and controlling it there. For example, the CRB shipped 697,116,000 pounds of flour to Belgium. Biographer George Nash finds that by the end of 1916, Hoover "stood preeminent in the greatest humanitarian undertaking the world had ever seen." Biographer William Leuchtenburg adds, "He had raised and spent millions of dollars, with trifling overhead and not a penny lost to fraud. At its peak, his organization fed nine million Belgians and French daily. 906: 386: 67: 632:(ARA), with the mission of food to Central and Eastern Europe. The ARA fed millions. U.S. government funding for the ARA expired in the summer of 1919, and Hoover transformed the ARA into a private organization, raising millions of dollars from private donors. Under the auspices of the ARA, the European Children's Fund fed millions of starving children. When attacked for distributing food to Russia, which was under Bolshevik control, Hoover snapped, "Twenty million people are starving. Whatever their politics, they shall be fed!" 799: 1538:, warned governments and international organisations that they should "assess the growing influence of major philanthropic foundations, and especially the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation… and analyse the intended and unintended risks and side-effects of their activities" prior to accepting money from rich donors. In 2015, Global Policy Forum also warned elected politicians that they should be particularly concerned about "the unpredictable and insufficient financing of 4815: 296: 4803: 332:, as one of the largest, and many small ones, such as the Metropolitan Drinking Fountain Association. In addition to making annual donations, increasingly wealthy industrialists and financiers left generous sums in their wills. A sample of 466 wills in the 1890s revealed a total wealth of £76 million, of which £20 million was bequeathed to charities. By 1900 London charities enjoyed an annual income of about £8.5 million. 1372: 4829: 432:. It was in a cash-starved position when the war began in 1939, but quickly mobilized its national offices to set up a Central Prisoner of War Agency. For example, it provided food, mail and assistance to 365,000 British and Commonwealth soldiers and civilians held captive. Suspicions, especially by London, of ICRC as too tolerant or even complicit with Nazi Germany led to its side-lining in favour of the 577:(high schools), universities, scholarships, and hospitals. For example, state funding for universities and gymnasiums covered only a fraction of the cost; private philanthropy became essential. 19th-century Germany was even more oriented toward civic improvement than Britain or the United States, when measured in voluntary private funding for public purposes. Indeed, such German institutions as the 728: 555:

eradicate what they considered as "social evils" that were seen as utterly sinful. All the religious groups used financial endowments, which multiplied in number and wealth as Germany grew richer. Each was devoted to a specific benefit to that religious community, and each had a board of trustees; laymen donated their time to public service.

662:(1662–1728), who in 1710 published a widely read essay, "Bonifacius, or an Essay to Do Good". Mather worried that the original idealism had eroded, so he advocated philanthropic benefaction as a way of life. Though his context was Christian, his idea was also characteristically American and explicitly Classical, on the threshold of the 751:(1835–1919) was the most influential leader of philanthropy on a national (rather than local) scale. After selling his steel company in 1901 he devoted himself to establishing philanthropic organizations and to making direct contributions to many educational, cultural, and research institutions. He financed over 2,500 public 2059: 343:. It was a federation of district committees, one in each of the 42 Poor Law divisions. Its central office had experts in coordination and guidance, thereby maximizing the impact of charitable giving to the poor. Many of the charities were designed to alleviate the harsh living conditions in the slums. such as the 54:". Philanthropy contrasts with business initiatives, which are private initiatives for private good, focusing on material gain; and with government endeavors that are public initiatives for public good, such as those that focus on the provision of public services. A person who practices philanthropy is a 1050:

differs from traditional philanthropy in how it operates. Traditional philanthropy is about charity, mercy, and selfless devotion improving recipients' wellbeing. Philanthrocapitalism, is philanthropy transformed by business and the market, where profit-oriented business models are designed that work

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Along with diaspora-led foreign direct investment, diaspora philanthropy is a force in the development of a country. Members of a diaspora are familiar with their community's needs and the social, political, and economic factors that influence the delivery of those needs. Studies show that those who

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provides disaster relief and humanitarian aid, helping communities in need during crises and supporting global emergency response efforts. While there are dozens more examples, each of these foundations reflects the African American community's commitment to addressing critical issues and improving

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invests in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curricular standards in the US and provides learning resources and materials for schools, for its innovation and revenue. The New Employment Opportunities initiative in Latin America is a regional collaboration to train one million

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While the region's philanthropy practices are relatively under-researched compared to those of the United States and Europe, the Centre for Asian Philanthropy and Society (CAPS) produces a study of the sector every two years. In 2020, its research found that if Asia were to donate the equivalent of

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to rehabilitate prostitutes. These organizations were funded by subscriptions and run as voluntary associations. They raised public awareness of their activities through the emerging popular press and were generally held in high social regard—some charities received state recognition in the form of

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Two foundation types for which some data is available are Private Ancillary Funds (PAFs) and Public Ancillary Funds (PubAFs). Private Ancillary Funds have some similarities to private family foundations in the US and Europe, and do not have a public fundraising requirement. Public Ancillary Funds

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became the largest American philanthropy, splitting its activities between the United States and the rest of the world. Outside the United States, it established a network of human rights organizations, promoted democracy, gave large numbers of fellowships for young leaders to study in the United

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are associated historically, it was only in the 1990s that entertainment and sports celebrities from affluent western societies became involved with a particular type of philanthropy. Celebrity philanthropy in contemporary western societies is not isolated to large one-off monetary donations. It

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after death. The Protestants did not believe in purgatory, but made a strong commitment to improving their communities there and then. Conservative Protestants raised concerns about deviant sexuality, alcoholism, and socialism, as well as illegitimate births. They used philanthropy to try to

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are a part of the diaspora are more aware of the pressing and neglected issues of their community than outsiders or other well wishers. Also given their deep ties to their country of origin, diaspora philanthropies have greater longevity than other international philanthropies. Due to

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for the good of humanity. Share value companies are an example. They help develop and deliver curricula in education, strengthen their own businesses and improve the job prospects of people. Firms improve social outcomes, but while they do so, they also benefit themselves.

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Philanthropy is defined differently by different groups of people; many define it as a means to alleviate human suffering and advance the quality of life. There are many forms of philanthropy, allowing for different impacts by different groups in different settings.

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giving. In diaspora philanthropy, migrants and their descendants are frontline distributors of aid, and enablers of development. For many countries, diaspora philanthropy is a prominent way in which members of the diaspora invest back into their homeland countries.

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realm. Instead of it being for profit, the philanthropist does it as a non-profit and only breaks even or even takes a small loss. Still, the overall gain to the community would be greater than the small loss they incurred. For example, a philanthropist puts up

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Chandra, Anita; Acosta, Joie; Carman, Katherine Grace; Dubowitz, Tamara; Leviton, Laura; Martin, Laurie T.; Miller, Carolyn; Nelson, Christopher; Orleans, Tracy; Tait, Margaret; Trujillo, Matthew; Towe, Vivian; Yeung, Douglas; Plough, Alonzo L. (January 2017).

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The ability of wealthy people to deduct a significant amount of their tax liabilities in the form of philanthropic giving, as noted by the late German billionaire shipping magnate and philanthropist Peter Kramer, functioned as "a bad transfer of power", from

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are examples of such; they focus more on financial contributions to social causes and less on actions and processes of benevolence. Impact investment, on the other hand, focuses on the interaction between individual wellbeing and broader society by promoting

316:, began to adopt active campaigning roles, where they would champion a cause and lobby the government for legislative change. This included organized campaigns against the ill-treatment of animals and children and the campaign that succeeded in ending the 549:

Religion was divisive in Germany, as Protestants, Catholics, and Jews used alternative philanthropic strategies. The Catholics, for example, continued their medieval practice of using financial donations in their wills to lighten their punishment in

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American money proved invaluable. The Rockefeller Foundation opened an office in Paris and helped design and fund France's modern public health system under the National Institute of Hygiene. It also set up schools to train physicians and nurses.

696:(the first American subscription library), the fire department, the police force, street lighting, and a hospital. A world-class physicist himself, he promoted scientific organizations including the Philadelphia Academy (1751) – which became the 596:

regime and other devastation by 1945, seriously undermined and weakened the opportunities for widespread philanthropy in Germany. The civil society so elaborately built up in the 19th century was dead by 1945. However, by the 1950s, as the

264:. This was "the first children's charity in the country, and one that 'set the pattern for incorporated associational charities' in general." The hospital "marked the first great milestone in the creation of these new-style charities." 320:

throughout the Empire starting in 1807. Although there were no slaves allowed in Britain itself, many rich men owned sugar plantations in the West Indies, and resisted the movement to buy them out until it finally succeeded in 1833.

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had a monopoly of specialized microbiological knowledge, allowing it to raise money for serum production from private and public sources, walking the line between a commercial pharmaceutical venture and a philanthropic enterprise.

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Structured giving in Australia through foundations is slowly growing, although public data on the philanthropic sector is sparse. There is no public registry of philanthropic foundations as distinct from charities more generally.

351:—an organization that sought to improve the housing conditions of the working classes by building new homes for them, while at the same time receiving a competitive rate of return on any investment. This was one of the first 1170:

activities. It is a scholarship topic in studies of "the popular" vis-à-vis the modern and post-modern world. Structured and systematised charitable giving by celebrities is a relatively new phenomenon. Although charity and

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Srivastava, Prachi; Oh, Su-Ann (2012). "Private Foundations, Philanthropy and Partnership in Education and Development: Mapping the Terrain". In Robertson, Susan L.; Mundy, Karen; Verger, Antoni; Menashy, Francine (eds.).

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include community foundations, some corporate foundations, and foundations that solely support single organisations such as hospitals, schools, museums, and art galleries. They must raise funds from the general public.

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housing and only breaks even or takes on a small loss selling the homes. If they took a US$ 1,000 loss on each home, 10,000 homes could be made with that initial philanthropic donation. It could be run like a

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demonstrates the potential of strategic philanthropy to tackle health inequalities through initiatives that focus on prevention, early intervention, and building community capacity. Similarly, a report by the

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in various fields, such as scientific research, development, and healthcare. Addressing systemic inequalities in these sectors can lead to more diverse perspectives, innovations, and better overall outcomes.

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played a minor role in the war with Germany (1870–71). After that, it became a major factor in shaping French civil society as a non-religious humanitarian organization. It was closely tied to the army's

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suggests that philanthropy can create systemic change by investing in long-term solutions that address the underlying causes of social issues, including those related to science and health disparities.

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2 million. By 1885, rapid growth had produced over 1000 London charities, with an income of about £4.5 million. They included a wide range of religious and secular goals, with the American import,

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Financial donations to organized charities became fashionable among the middle class in the 19th century. By 1869 there were over 200 London charities with an annual income, all together, of about

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3.9 trillion) annually, more than 11 times the foreign aid flowing into the region every year and one-third of the annual amount needed globally to meet the sustainable development goals by 2030.

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launched several large philanthropic projects staffed by experts who sought to address problems systematically at the roots rather than let the recipients deal only with their immediate concerns.

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Scaife, Wendy; McDonald, Katie; Williamson, Alexandra; Mossel, Valérie (2015). "Giving in Australia: Philanthropic Potential Beginning to Be Realized". In Wiepking, Pamala; Handy, Femida (eds.).

719:, in the 1860s, he began to endow libraries and museums in the United States and also funded housing for poor people in London. His activities became a model for Andrew Carnegie and many others. 1007:

can be distinguished by how they serve society. Traditional philanthropy is usually short-term, where organizations obtain resources for causes through fund-raising and one-off donations. The

514:. The princes and the various imperial states continued traditional efforts, funding monumental buildings, parks, and art collections. Starting in the early 19th century, the rapidly emerging 621:(CRB) was an international (predominantly American) organization that arranged for the supply of food to German-occupied Belgium and northern France during the First World War. It was led by 1349:

provides scholarships and educational opportunities to underserved youth, aiming to improve access to higher education and support students in achieving their academic goals. Damon John's

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Invest in early-career professionals: Help create a more equitable pipeline for future leaders in science and healthcare by investing in early-career researchers and health professionals.

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Examines philanthropy in Buddhist, Islamic, Hindu, Jewish, and Native American religious traditions and in cultures from Latin America, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia.

828:(1874–1960) made large-scale national philanthropy systematic, especially with regard to the study and application of modern medicine, higher education, and scientific research. Of the 1039:

may affect the environment. As a result, development agencies have seen increased demands for accountability as they face greater pressure to fit with current developmental agendas.

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25 million endowment, later enlarged to US$ 135 million. Carnegie Corporation has endowed or otherwise helped to establish institutions that include the Russian Research Center at

3830: 3507: 897:, as well as its economic and political conditions. Ford, therefore, turned to agricultural reform. The success rate in Africa was no better, and that program closed in 1977. 347:

founded in 1830. This included the promotion of allotment of land to labourers for "cottage husbandry" that later became the allotment movement. In 1844 it became the first

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Through these approaches, philanthropy can significantly promote equity within scientific and health communities, leading to more inclusive and effective advancements.

546:, but it still had enough money and organizational skills that could be employed through philanthropic agencies to provide an alternative power base for its worldview. 193:

simply defined philanthropy as "love of mankind; good nature". This definition still survives today and is often cited more gender-neutrally as the "love of humanity."

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The history of modern philanthropy on the European continent is especially important in the case of Germany, which became a model for others, especially regarding the

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was opening offices in Europe. It launched medical and scientific projects in Britain, France, Germany, Spain, and elsewhere. It supported the health projects of the

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populations either in their country of residence or in their countries of origin. Diaspora philanthropy is a newly established term with many variations, including

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Prioritize underrepresented groups: Support scientists and health professionals from diverse backgrounds to help address historical injustices and foster diversity.

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emphasize the role of philanthropy in empowering communities to reduce health disparities and address the root causes of these disparities. Research by Chandra

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diaspora philanthropy, diaspora philanthropy is more willing to address controversial issues found in their country of origin compared to local philanthropy.

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Advocate for diverse leadership: Support initiatives that emphasize diversity and inclusion in leadership positions within scientific and health institutions.

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In London, prior to the 18th century, parochial and civic charities were typically established by bequests and operated by local church parishes (such as

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have made significant contributions across various fields, including mental health, education, entrepreneurship, and disaster relief. Taraji P. Henson's

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focuses on mental health awareness and support for those affected by mental illness, particularly within the African American community. Shawn Carter's

1020:. Stressing the importance of impact and change, they invest in different sectors of society, including housing, infrastructure, healthcare and energy. 5872: 5675: 3118: 390: 376: 566:, used his state-sponsored philanthropy, in the form of his invention of the modern welfare state, to neutralize the political threat posed by the 242: 1134:

Influence policy changes: Utilize philanthropic influence to advocate for policy changes that address systemic inequalities in science and health.

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While charity has a long history in Asia, as of 2018 philanthropy or a systematic approach to doing good remains nascent. Chinese philosopher

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American food in the world war and reconstruction period: operations of the organizations under the direction of Herbert Hoover, 1914 to 1924

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By the 1820s, newly rich American businessmen were initiating philanthropic work, especially with respect to private colleges and hospitals.

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The new role of business in global education: How companies can create shared value by improving education while driving shareholder returns

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A suggested explanation for the preference for impact investment philanthropy to traditional philanthropy is the gaining prominence of the

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highlight the need to prioritize underrepresented groups, promote equitable partnerships, and advocate for diverse leadership within the

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devised a solution: the new national lottery proved highly popular to gamblers while generating the cash needed without raising taxes.

278:. By 1763, the society had recruited over 10,000 men and it was incorporated in 1772. Hanway was also instrumental in establishing the 5758: 5690: 5208: 4298:"Transnational migrants' philanthropy: Its forms, operations, and implications from the perspectives of Ghanaian residents in Europe" 3499: 1619: 4516: 2060:"Five Per Cent Philanthropy: An Account of Housing in Urban Areas Between 1840 and 1914. By John Nelson Tarn… [Book Review]" 1183:

This is sometimes termed as "celanthropy"—the fusion of celebrity and cause as a representation of what the organisation advocates.

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Scholars have examined the importance of philanthropic support in promoting equity in different areas. For example, Christopherson

601:" was restoring German prosperity, the old aristocracy was defunct, and middle-class philanthropy started to return to importance. 421: 406: 380: 246: 206: 4472: 3338:

McGregor-Lowndes, Myles; Williamson, Alexandra (2018-05-02). "Foundations in Australia: Dimensions for International Comparison".

1027:(SDGs) since 2015. Almost every SDG is linked to environmental protection and sustainability because of rising concerns about how 6148: 5763: 2914:

The man who fed the world: Nobel Peace Prize laureate Norman Borlaug and his battle to end world hunger: An authorized biography

5753: 5748: 5680: 3942:"Nuevo "rol" y paradigmas del Aprendizaje, en una Sociedad Global en RED y Compleja: la Era del Conocimiento y el Aprendizaje" 3041:"Professor Kingsfield goes to Delhi: American academics, the Ford Foundation, and the development of legal education in India" 3292: 3222: 3087: 3040: 2812: 2765: 2513: 1897: 965:

shows four Asian economies in the top ten: 495 in China, 169 in India, 66 in Hong Kong, and 52 in Taiwan (as of April 2023).

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Christopherson, Elizabeth Good; Howell, Emily L.; Scheufele, Dietram A.; Viswanath, Kasisomayajula; West, Norris P. (2021).

2251:"Giving and Gambling: The Gueules Cassées, the National Lottery, and the Moral Economy of the Welfare State in 1930s France" 355:, a philanthropic endeavor that flourished in the second half of the nineteenth century, brought about by the growth of the 5655: 5632: 4996: 4981: 4541: 2321:

Smith, Timothy B. (1998). "The Social Transformation of Hospitals and the Rise of Medical Insurance in France, 1914–1943".

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class of 2019, he simultaneously fought against changes to the tax code that could have made more money available to help

256:, appalled by the number of abandoned children living on the streets of London, received a royal charter to establish the 6133: 1281: 4819: 1213:

now budget extensive amounts of time and money to use celebrity endorsers in their campaigns. An example of this is the

1062:. Through education, specific skills are taught that enhance people's capacity to learn and their productivity at work. 444: 4609: 2939:

Toenniessen, Gary; Adesina, Akinwumi; Devries, Joseph (2008), "Building an Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa",

2119: 1707: 1530:, whereby it is no longer "the state that determines what is good for the people, but rather the rich who decide". The 1246: 1121:

Encourage equitable partnerships: Facilitate collaborations between institutions from different backgrounds to promote

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Lees, Andrew (2000). "Deviant Sexuality and Other 'Sins': The Views of Protestant Conservatives in Imperial Germany".

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Simon, J (2007). "The origin of the production of diphtheria antitoxin in France, between philanthropy and commerce".

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made local philanthropy a way to establish their legitimate role in shaping society, pursuing ends different from the

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promotes entrepreneurship by offering mentorship and resources to aspiring business owners. Additionally, Rihanna's

954:(almsgiving), while Buddhists and Christians throughout Asia may participate in philanthropic activities. In India, 367:. The principle of philanthropic intention with capitalist return was given the label "five per cent philanthropy." 5647: 5283: 3922: 1382: 1214: 1191:

The advent of celebrity philanthropy has coincided with the contraction of government involvement in areas such as

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Julius Rosenwald: The Man Who Built Sears, Roebuck and Advanced the Cause of Black Education in the American South

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Thompson, Beti; Molina, Yamile; Viswanath, Kasisomayajula; Warnecke, Richard; Prelip, Michael L. (August 2016).

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Asia is home to most of the world's billionaires, surpassing the United States and Europe in 2017. Knowledge's

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that enabled India, Mexico, and many poor countries to upgrade their agricultural productivity dramatically.

573:. The middle classes, however, made the most use of the new welfare state, in terms of heavy use of museums, 20: 4155: 3992: 1965:"'Devoted Islands' and 'that Madman Wilberforce': British Proslavery Patriotism during the Age of Abolition" 1225:

and environmental issues more generally. Notable celebrities who were part of this campaign included actors

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youth by 2022 to raise employment standards and ultimately provide a talented pool of labour for companies.

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held that "the habit of charity extends not only to the love of God, but also to the love of our neighbor".

5627: 5601: 5512: 4843: 3601:"Founders, Families, and Futures: Perspectives on the Accountability of Australian Private Ancillary Funds" 1778: 1602: 1218: 344: 340: 310: 303: 5637: 5622: 5609: 4130: 2864:"Philanthropy and world health: the Rockefeller Foundation and the League of Nations Health Organization" 2734: 2659: 2623: 2103: 1728: 1177: 893:, by promoting the American model. The plan failed, because of India's unique legal history, traditions, 818: 2107: 531: 6950: 6468: 6256: 5966: 5770: 5032: 3247:"Centre for Asian Philanthropy and Society's Doing Good Index Plots Way Forward in Post-Covid-19 World" 2708: 1510:. As a result, Giridharadas argues, Smith's philanthropic giving functions to reinforce the prevailing 1495: 697: 148: 4600:

Philanthropy, Patronage, and Civil Society: Experiences from Germany, Great Britain, and North America

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mechanisms, and the prevailing practice of applying business logic to the provision of public goods".

1296: 6184: 5617: 5461: 5080: 4249: 3088:"Academic SAILERS: The Ford Foundation and the Efforts to Shape Legal Education in Africa, 1957–1977" 1543: 1276: 832:

530 million the elder Rockefeller gave away, US$ 450 million went to medicine. Their leading advisor

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tradition of direct charitable engagement during life" took hold, exemplified by the creation of the

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Schneider, William H. (2003). "War, philanthropy, and the National Institute of Hygiene in France".

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Philanthropy in England, 1480–1660: A Study of the Changing Pattern of English Social Aspirations

3144:"The Values of Confucian Benevolence and the Universality of the Confucian Way of Extending Love" 1651: 1624: 1614: 1539: 825: 348: 47: 34: 1823: 1058:. Therefore, philanthropy has been seen as a tool to sustain economic and firm growth, based on 413:

of 1870, Dunant personally led Red Cross delegations that treated soldiers. He shared the first

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To advance equity in science and healthcare, philanthropists can adopt several key strategies:

1008: 947:. Other interpretations of Confucianism see concern for others as an extension of benevolence. 840: 833: 663: 385: 89: 3653: 2837: 2786:

Mrs. Russell Sage: Women's Activism and Philanthropy in Gilded Age and Progressive Era America

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Nash, George H. (1989). "An American Epic: Herbert Hoover and Belgian Relief in World War I".

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involves celebrities using their publicity, brand credibility, and personal wealth to promote

7090: 6550: 5994: 5943: 5794: 5085: 5016: 5011: 4863: 3177: 2600: 2599:. Select Christian Authors, with Introductory Essays. Glasgow: Chalmers and Collins. p. 1206: 1082: 783: 672:(1706–1790) was an activist and theorist of American philanthropy. He was much influenced by 6770: 5804: 4739:"Autonomy, Cooperation or Colonization? Christian Philanthropy and State Welfare in Denmark" 2829: 2446: 1882: 5851: 5846: 5836: 5550: 5530: 5311: 5276: 5161: 4650: 2948: 1666: 1660: 1642: 1566: 1448:

so they would not have to pay property taxes on the homes as they were waiting to be sold.

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in 1756 as the first seafarer's charity, in a bid to aid the recruitment of men to the

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Essays to do Good addressed to all Christians, whether in public or private capacities

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Five Per Cent Philanthropy: An Account of Housing in Urban Areas Between 1840 and 1914

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Klasen, Stephan (2013-12-05), "Is it time for a new international poverty measure?",

3806: 3778: 3766: 3728: 3716: 3685: 3673: 3635: 3623: 3582: 3570: 3388: 3367: 3355: 3288: 3072: 3026: 2966: 2919: 2896: 2841: 2808: 2801: 2761: 2738: 2701: 2663: 2627: 2577: 2556: 2509: 2458: 2407: 2350: 2338: 2313: 2271: 2222: 2195: 2115: 2086: 2015: 1989: 1948: 1893: 1703: 1675: 1499: 1226: 1036: 1004: 943:), a reaction against perceived over-attachment to family and clan structures within 844: 669: 647: 559: 535: 479: 449: 414: 279: 100: 6834: 2978: 2234: 711:(1795–1869) is the acknowledged father of modern philanthropy. A financier based in 6671: 6565: 6418: 6118: 6091: 6081: 5987: 5478: 5316: 5250: 5245: 5235: 4959: 4856: 4751: 4668: 4327: 4309: 4262: 4101: 4051: 4035: 4004: 3963: 3953: 3865: 3798: 3758: 3708: 3665: 3615: 3562: 3380: 3347: 3278: 3158: 3099: 3052: 3012: 3004: 2956: 2876: 2399: 2330: 2301: 2263: 2187: 2074: 1977: 1928: 1321: 1107: 974: 879: 848: 814: 752: 598: 527: 487: 463: 143: 5146: 4848: 4266: 3958: 3941: 3008: 2549: 1534:, an independent policy watchdog which functions to monitor the activities of the 7032: 6745: 6679: 6600: 6029: 5961: 5877: 5565: 5540: 5269: 5240: 5181: 5166: 5141: 5120: 3600: 3454:

McGregor-Lowndes, Myles; Balczun, Marie; Williamson, Alexandra (September 2020).

3411:

McGregor-Lowndes, Myles; Balczun, Marie; Williamson, Alexandra (September 2023).

2830: 2594: 2447: 1981: 1877: 1605:, announced their rejection of charitable giving from the Sackler family trusts. 1586: 1487: 1286: 1251: 1012: 874: 864: 787: 748: 741: 736: 731: 651: 589: 425: 405:

used his fortune to fund the Geneva Society for Public Welfare, which became the

70: 51: 3802: 3162: 798: 6791: 6169: 5220: 3712: 2992: 1723: 1562: 1547: 1491: 1222: 1210: 1017: 852: 708: 622: 523: 364: 325: 190: 171: 4314: 4039: 3283: 2880: 2334: 2305: 2191: 2078: 958:(CSR) is now mandated, with 2% of net profits to be directed towards charity. 704:(1743), to enable scientific researchers from all 13 colonies to communicate. 7084: 6976: 6590: 6575: 6555: 6356: 6341: 6326: 6239: 6234: 6128: 6112: 6051: 5935: 5900: 5545: 5396: 5151: 4323: 4296:

DeSouza, Mercy; Osei, Onallia Esther; Idemudia, Erhabor Sunday (2023-01-18).

4274: 4097: 4047: 3977: 3968: 3770: 3720: 3677: 3627: 3619: 3574: 3473:

McGregor-Lowndes, Myles; Balczun, Marie; Williamson, Alexandra (2021-07-15).

3437:

Mcgregor-Lowndes, Myles; Balczun, Marie; Williamson, Alexandra (2022-08-16).

3384: 3359: 3351: 2411: 2342: 2275: 2267: 2199: 1582: 1436: 1234: 1167: 1028: 756: 681: 659: 542:(upper-middle class) was defeated in its effort to gain political control in 511: 491: 360: 284: 178: 6918: 6842: 4570:"Here's what's wrong with letting wealthy people solve the world's problems" 3669: 3566: 3274:

Foundations for giving: why and how Australians structure their philanthropy

3103: 2961: 2677:

Schaaf, Elizabeth (1995). "George Peabody: His Life and Legacy, 1795–1869".

1700:

Philanthropy Reconsidered: Private Initiatives, Public Good, Quality of Life

809:

Other prominent American philanthropists of the early 20th century included

6812: 6648: 6610: 6560: 6530: 6498: 6483: 6396: 6376: 6296: 6096: 6075: 6046: 5570: 5416: 5176: 5156: 5100: 5001: 4976: 4938: 4341: 4115: 4065: 3762: 3599:

Williamson, Alexandra; Luke, Belinda; Leat, Diana; Furneaux, Craig (2017).

2970: 2449:

Education and Employment in the European Union: The Social Cost of Business

2226: 1761: 1744: 1590: 1230: 1072: 944: 760: 689: 673: 578: 515: 495: 472: 429: 402: 356: 339:(1801–1885), philanthropists organized themselves. In 1869 they set up the 267: 253: 74: 4207: 3869: 3475:"Ancillary Funds 2000–2019: ACPNS Current Issues Information Sheet 2021-1" 3439:"Ancillary Funds 2000–2020: ACPNS Current Issues Information Sheet 2022-1" 3413:"Ancillary Funds 2020-2021: ACPNS Current Issues Information Sheet 2023/1" 2215:

Dynamis: Acta Hispanica Ad Medicinae Scientiarumque Historiam Illustrandam

885:

The Ford Foundation in the 1950s wanted to modernize the legal systems in

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Williamson, Alexandra Kate; Luke, Belinda; Furneaux, Craig (2020-09-11).

3017: 1554: 1527: 1440: 1196: 1032: 570: 567: 539: 519: 133: 4814: 3701:

Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations

2888: 2863: 2729:

Notable American Philanthropists: Biographies of Giving and Volunteering

2654:

Notable American Philanthropists: Biographies of Giving and Volunteering

2618:

Notable American Philanthropists: Biographies of Giving and Volunteering

1388:

merge into "Traditional philanthropy versus philanthrocapitalism" above.

969:

two percent of its GDP, the same as the United States, it would unleash

189:

conception of virtue as consciously instilled habits of good behaviour.

6943: 6752: 6720: 6585: 6510: 6478: 6458: 6331: 6321: 6281: 6261: 6219: 5580: 5370: 4908: 4008: 3064: 2832:

Philanthropy in America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia, vol 2

2803:

The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family

2419: 2374:

Philanthropy, Civil Society, and the State in German history, 1815–1989

1940: 1578: 1574: 1511: 1427: 1317: 1200: 1163: 1055: 1042: 993: 779: 275: 261: 238: 4492:"Binah: Anand Giridharadas on the Fallacy of Billionaire Philanthropy" 4355: 3990: 295: 6991: 6737: 6735: 6728: 6726: 6703: 6580: 6413: 6391: 6381: 6336: 6316: 6286: 6276: 6251: 6174: 6123: 5799: 5490: 5405: 5375: 5365: 5360: 4448:"Homepage | ABFE | A Philanthropic Partnership for Black Communities" 4423: 3832:

Fundamentals of Modern Philanthropy: New Perspectives for Foundations

3746: 3474: 3455: 3438: 3412: 1570: 1523: 1172: 1159: 712: 551: 186: 167: 137: 124: 110: 104: 6863: 3056: 2403: 1932: 1593:

caused by the philanthropic donors, the British institutions of the

998: 692:

into projects for the betterment of the city: examples included the

237:. During the 18th century, however, "a more activist and explicitly 6984: 6805: 6713: 6595: 6515: 6473: 6448: 6423: 6371: 6301: 6246: 6209: 6204: 6194: 6189: 6179: 5225: 5110: 5047: 4913: 4898: 4839: 4765:

Philanthropy in democratic societies: History, institutions, values

3921:

Kramar, M.K.; Hills, G.; Tallani, K.; Wilka, M.; Bhatt, A. (2014),

3272: 2175:"The French Red Cross, War Readiness, and Civil Society, 1866–1914" 2159:

Britain and the International Committee of the Red Cross, 1939–1945

1557:

the public from some of the ill-gotten gains that were derived via

1482:, he asserts that various philanthropic initiatives by the wealthy 1426:

or philanthrocapitalism is a way of doing philanthropy through the

1313: 655: 120: 43: 7063: 6925: 585:, and the welfare state became models copied by the Anglo-Saxons. 7039: 7025: 6958: 6891: 6856: 6784: 6540: 6463: 6433: 6386: 6346: 6271: 6229: 5473: 5261: 5052: 4918: 4802: 4621:

Philanthropy in America: A comprehensive historical encyclopaedia

3472: 3453: 3436: 3410: 3119:"Philanthropy in Asia needs a push from good government policies" 2760:. Philanthropic and Nonprofit Studies. Indiana University Press. 1663: – Method of philanthropy that mirrors a for-profit business 1507: 1469: 1256: 1192: 530:, and cultural institutions, as well as working to alleviate the 6898: 6819: 5037: 4736:

Petersen, Jørn Henrik; Petersen, Klaus; Kolstrup, Søren (2014).

4642: 4517:"A new reason Americans are getting leery of billionaire donors" 4024:"Strategies To Empower Communities To Reduce Health Disparities" 1800:"Philanthropy is what sustains the charitable sector, not money" 1199:

to name a few. This can be identified from the proliferation of

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Ilchman, Warren F.; Katz, Stanley N.; Queen, Edward L. (1998).

4021: 3838:. Center for Social and Sustainable Products AG. Archived from 2142:

The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross

2035:

Finlayson, Geoffrey (March 1983). "The Victorian Shaftesbury".

1261: 890: 824:

Rockefeller retired from business in the 1890s; he and his son

716: 563: 260:

to look after these unwanted orphans in Lamb's Conduit Fields,

4473:"Capitalist Philanthropy: A Means of Circumventing the State?" 4403: 3374: 1884:

The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815

1565:

were known for their generous philanthropic giving to various

604: 6884: 6826: 6705: 6697: 6493: 6453: 6291: 6153: 5355: 5057: 5042: 4379: 4250:"Diaspora philanthropy: the making of a new development aid?" 1569:

worldwide. However, their philanthropic giving functioned as

1498:'s generosity by paying off the student debt incurred by the 1483: 1065: 1054:

The rise of philanthrocapitalism can be attributed to global

951: 886: 230: 153: 3829:

Oehri, Oliver; Dreher, Christoph; Jochum, Christoph (2014).

3223:"Philanthropy in Asia hampered by trust issues, says report" 1381:

may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's

1186: 628:

When the war ended in late 1918, Hoover took control of the

7055: 7047: 6505: 6428: 6266: 4893: 4763:

Reich, Rob; Cordelli, Chiara; Bernholz, Lucy, eds. (2016).

4078: 3696:"Ties That Bind: Public Foundations in Dyadic Partnerships" 3652:

Williamson, Alexandra Kate; Luke, Belinda G. (2021-09-22).

1598: 917: 593: 543: 329: 5979: 4234:

Diaspora philanthropy: Influences, initiatives, and issues

3839: 3598: 3337: 755:

built across the United States and abroad. He also funded

613:

Poster requesting clothing for occupied France and Belgium

6625: 2938: 1589:. As a result of their exposed ill-gotten gains from the 1518:, instead of addressing the root cause of social issues. 1475:

Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World

1461: 270:, another notable philanthropist of the era, established 4735: 4131:"Transformative Scale: The Future of Growing What Works" 2102:. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1358:

the lives of individuals in diverse and impactful ways.

1073:

Promoting equity through science and health philanthropy

790:. In all, Andrew Carnegie gave away 90% of his fortune. 4447: 3920: 2531:

The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Humanitarian, 1914–1917

1916:"The English campaign for abolition of the slave trade" 1656:

Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

1647:

Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

436:(UNRRA) as the primary humanitarian agency after 1945. 185:

to be synonymous with "goodness", correlated with the

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Scaife, Wendy A.; Williamson, Alexandra (2012-02-22).

3198:"Handbook on Corporate Social Responsibility in India" 1654: – Organization operated for a collective benefit 1627: – Nonprofit organization with charitable purpose 1267:

Danny Thomas and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

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Philanthrocapitalism: how the rich can save the world

3549:

Williamson, Alexandra Kate; Luke, Belinda G. (2021).

932: 26:"Philanthropist" redirects here. For other uses, see 1043:

Traditional philanthropy versus philanthrocapitalism

994:

Differences between traditional and new philanthropy

950:

Muslims in countries such as Indonesia are bound by

592:, the financial crises of the 1920s, as well as the 4878: 4295: 3747:"Publicness and the Identity of Public Foundations" 3745:Williamson, Alexandra; Luke, Belinda (2019-09-01). 2614:Grimm, Robert T., ed. (2002). "Benjamin Franklin". 1312:Diaspora philanthropy is philanthropy conducted by 522:and the military. They concentrated on support for 5873:Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor 4773: 4737: 4714: 4681: 4654: 4630: 4597: 4248: 3893: 3694: 2911: 2862: 2800: 2753: 2726: 2725:Grimm, Robert T., ed. (2002). "Julius Rosenwald". 2700: 2651: 2615: 2548: 2501: 2429:Cities, Sin, and Social Reform in Imperial Germany 2329:(4). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 1055–1087. 2249: 2173: 2139: 2095: 2058: 2007: 1963: 1914: 1881: 1743:Aquinas, Thomas. "Charity, considered in itself". 1671:Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces 1217:of 2014. The demonstration was part of the larger 688:(1710). Franklin attempted to motivate his fellow 221:. The original building has since been demolished. 3828: 3182:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 2093: 999:Impact investment versus traditional philanthropy 869:With the acquisition of most of the stock of the 377:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 115:'humankind, mankind'. In the second century 7082: 4679: 4183: 3270: 2650:Grimm, Robert T., ed. (2002). "George Peabody". 1888:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 1180:, which are increasingly business-like in form. 847:. By the 1950s, it was investing heavily in the 494:to relieve distress but did not want new taxes. 243:Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge 5671:Largest financial services companies by revenue 2542: 2540: 1639: – Ethical issues specific to philanthropy 3744: 3651: 3548: 2431:. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. 1702:. Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse. p. 13. 1395:to make improvements to the overall structure. 46:that consists of "private initiatives for the 7061: 7045: 5995: 5666:Largest corporations by market capitalization 5277: 4864: 4179: 4177: 4175: 3654:"Mapping the field of public ancillary funds" 3551:"Mapping the field of public ancillary funds" 2592: 2576:Surface, Frank M.; Bland, Raymond L. (1932). 2010:The age of urban democracy: England 1868–1914 938: 931:) developed the concept of "universal love" ( 780:Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies 4717:Philanthropists and foundation globalization 4153: 3791: 3377:The Palgrave Handbook of Global Philanthropy 2799:Johnson, Peter J.; Harr, John Ensor (1988). 2575: 2546: 2537: 1970:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 1585:'s role in encouraging and exacerbating the 448:Men and woman working in a classroom at the 162:) in the sense of selfless love, valued for 6997: 6974: 6965: 6956: 5868:The rich get richer and the poor get poorer 4661:The Tocqueville Review/La revue Tocqueville 3993:"How Science Philanthropy Can Build Equity" 3891: 3658:Australian Journal of Public Administration 3555:Australian Journal of Public Administration 3379:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 488–505. 2798: 2707:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 1846: 1844: 1693: 1691: 1553:Giridharadas also argues that philanthropy 1494:of the wealthy elite. For example, despite 1361: 963:list of countries by number of billionaires 605:War and postwar: Belgium and Eastern Europe 588:The heavy human and economic losses of the 434:UN Relief and Rehabilitation Administration 424:(ICRC) played a major role in working with 157: 6102:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues 6002: 5988: 5676:Largest manufacturing companies by revenue 5284: 5270: 5106:Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis 4871: 4857: 4656:"World War I and the humanitarian impulse" 4618: 4542:"How philanthropy benefits the super-rich" 4236:. Boston, Mass.: Philanthropic Initiative. 4172: 4156:"Philanthropy as a Force of Social Change" 4128: 3939: 2941:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2827: 1853:"Captain Coram and the Foundling Hospital" 1760:Aquinas, Thomas. "The object of charity". 1581:was tainted by the subsequent exposure of 4649: 4470: 4356:"Home - Boris Lawrence Henson Foundation" 4331: 4313: 4184:Allatson, Paul; Jeffreys, Elaine (2015). 4105: 4055: 3967: 3957: 3282: 3016: 2960: 2860: 2495: 2493: 2291: 2247: 2156: 2034: 1633: – Philosophical and social movement 1620:List of wealthiest charitable foundations 1411:Learn how and when to remove this message 1320:philanthropy, homeland philanthropy, and 1187:Implications on government and governance 1150: 1077:Philanthropy has the potential to foster 302:, a prominent British philanthropist and 4514: 4247:Espinosa, Shirlita Africa (2015-07-06). 4246: 3892:Bishop, Matthew; Green, Michael (2008). 3795:Public Private Partnerships in Education 3608:Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 3085: 3038: 2990: 2444: 2171: 2137: 1841: 1818: 1816: 1688: 1307: 1272:Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media 1141: 904: 797: 726: 608: 443: 422:International Committee of the Red Cross 407:International Committee of the Red Cross 384: 381:International Committee of the Red Cross 294: 247:Societies for the Reformation of Manners 205: 65: 6149:Values in Action Inventory of Strengths 5686:Largest technology companies by revenue 4633:American philanthropy abroad: a history 4539: 4231: 3320:CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3116: 2783: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2001: 1999: 1912: 1776: 1697: 1209:, not-for-profit organisations and the 16:Private efforts to increase public good 7083: 5754:Income inequality in the United States 5749:Wealth inequality in the United States 4842:, 1601–present compiled and edited by 4703: 4684:Philanthropy in the World's Traditions 3859: 3220: 3141: 2909: 2751: 2676: 2499: 2490: 2056: 1961: 1797: 1645: – Type of nonprofit organization 1601:, along with the American institution 793: 766:His final and largest project was the 5983: 5681:Largest software companies by revenue 5265: 4960:Charitable trust / Registered charity 4852: 4712: 4628: 4567: 4563: 4561: 4227: 4225: 3824: 3822: 2807:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 2724: 2649: 2613: 2320: 2262:(4). Duke University Press: 623–649. 2212: 2186:(3). Duke University Press: 445–476. 1876: 1813: 1486:in practice function to entrench the 1125:and a fair distribution of resources. 1097:. In the healthcare sector, Thompson 646:The first corporation founded in the 5661:Largest corporate profits and losses 4997:Public-benefit nonprofit corporation 4982:Mutual-benefit nonprofit corporation 4771: 4595: 4489: 4154:Mohseni, Afsoon; Albritton, Brenna. 3862:Development Co-operation Report 2013 3117:Shapiro, Ruth A. (29 January 2018). 2698: 2528: 2477: 2426: 2389: 2371: 2360: 2005: 1996: 1850: 1784:A Dictionary of the English Language 1365: 1331:the distance buffer accompanied with 878:States, and invested heavily in the 6134:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers 5734:Countries by number of billionaires 1759: 1742: 1282:List of UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors 1221:, which aims to raise awareness of 129:to describe superior human beings. 77:active during the 2nd century 13: 5291: 4776:Philanthropy in America: A history 4589: 4558: 4360:Boris Lawrence Henson Foundation - 4222: 3940:Rubio Royo, Enrique (2009-09-30). 3819: 3485:from the original on Oct 24, 2023. 3449:from the original on Oct 10, 2023. 1466:charitable contribution deductions 858: 722: 686:Bonifacius: an essay upon the good 359:. Later associations included the 116: 78: 14: 7102: 5383:Primitive accumulation of capital 5216:Master of Nonprofit Organizations 4795: 3997:Stanford Social Innovation Review 3423:from the original on Oct 6, 2023. 3092:American Journal of Legal History 3045:American Journal of Legal History 2547:Leuchtenburg, William E. (2009). 1766:. Secunda Secundae Partis, Q. 25. 1749:. Secunda Secundae Partis, Q. 23. 1595:National Portrait Gallery, London 1526:elected politicians to unelected 642:Philanthropy in the United States 5729:Cities by number of billionaires 4840:A History of Modern Philanthropy 4827: 4813: 4801: 4129:Grindle, Jeffrey; Bradach, Abe. 3510:from the original on Aug 6, 2018 3221:Ravelo, Jenny Lei (2018-01-16). 2828:Burlingame, Dwight, ed. (2004). 1458:ultra high-net-worth individuals 1370: 1343:Boris Lawrence Henson Foundation 1338:African American philanthropists 1277:Jerry Lewis and the MDA Telethon 768:Carnegie Corporation of New York 635: 619:Commission for Relief in Belgium 201: 142:was superseded in Europe by the 5930:The Theory of the Leisure Class 5805:Acquired situational narcissism 4880:Charitable giving and practices 4533: 4508: 4483: 4464: 4440: 4416: 4396: 4372: 4348: 4289: 4240: 4232:Johnson, Paula Doherty (2007). 4192: 4147: 4122: 4072: 4015: 3984: 3933: 3914: 3885: 3853: 3785: 3738: 3642: 3592: 3521: 3492: 3427: 3404: 3328: 3264: 3239: 3214: 3190: 3135: 3110: 3079: 3032: 2984: 2932: 2903: 2854: 2821: 2792: 2777: 2715: 2692: 2640: 2607: 2586: 2569: 2522: 2471: 2438: 2380: 2282: 2241: 2206: 2165: 2150: 2131: 2066:The Journal of Economic History 2047: 2028: 1955: 1906: 1798:Kutney, Mitchell (2013-06-18). 1536:United Nations General Assembly 1439:to build new homes in place of 956:corporate social responsibility 694:Library Company of Philadelphia 401:In 1863, the Swiss businessman 290: 28:Philanthropist (disambiguation) 6087:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues 5744:Countries by wealth inequality 5344:History of economic inequality 5204:List of charitable foundations 4780:. Princeton University Press. 4767:. University of Chicago Press. 4619:Burlingame, D.F., ed. (2004). 4568:Livni, Ephrat (7 April 2019). 4515:Campbell, David (2021-06-10). 4471:Sahadevan, K (4 August 2020). 3203:. PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2013 3142:Guo, Qiyong; Cui, Tao (2012). 2445:Chorafas, Dimitris N. (2016). 1913:Merrill, Louis Taylor (1945). 1870: 1791: 1770: 1753: 1736: 1716: 1678: – Philanthropic practice 1456:Philanthropy has been used by 702:American Philosophical Society 630:American Relief Administration 370: 1: 4987:Non-governmental organization 4818:The dictionary definition of 4267:10.1080/21632324.2015.1053305 3959:10.3989/arbor.2009.extran1205 3340:American Behavioral Scientist 3086:Krishnan, Jayanth K. (2012). 3039:Krishnan, Jayanth K. (2004). 3009:10.1080/0046760X.2016.1154192 2699:Wall, Joseph Frazier (1970). 2504:Herbert Hoover: A Public Life 2146:. Cambridge University Press. 2014:(revised ed.). Longman. 1682: 1025:Sustainable Development Goals 1003:Traditional philanthropy and 921: 909:Saudi Arabian philanthropist 486:By 1933, at the depth of the 453: 215: 21:Philanthropy (disambiguation) 6736: 6727: 6704: 5711:Number of billionaire alumni 5656:Largest companies by revenue 4844:National Philanthropic Trust 4688:. Indiana University Press. 4637:. Rutgers University Press. 4604:. Indiana University Press. 4540:Vallely, Paul (2020-09-08). 2733:. Greenwood Press. pp. 2679:Maryland Historical Magazine 2658:. Greenwood Press. pp. 2622:. Greenwood Press. pp. 2582:. Stanford University Press. 1982:10.1080/03086534.2011.598744 1603:Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum 1451: 1178:not-for-profit organisations 980: 341:Charity Organisation Society 138: 125: 111: 105: 73:, a Greek philanthropist of 61: 7: 6833: 6670: 6647: 6009: 4744:Journal of Church and State 4188:. Bristol, U.K.: Intellect. 3803:10.4337/9780857930699.00015 3163:10.3868/s030-001-012-0002-5 2248:Delalande, Nicolas (2017). 2138:Forsythe, David P. (2005). 1802:. Blue & Green Tomorrow 1729:Online Etymology Dictionary 1608: 1437:neighborhood revitalization 1240: 933: 819:Margaret Olivia Slocum Sage 10: 7107: 5157:Charity / thrift / op shop 5033:Charity (Christian virtue) 4721:. Transaction Publishers. 4490:Kwan, David (2019-12-05). 3713:10.1007/s11266-020-00269-8 3536:Australian Taxation Office 3504:Australian Taxation Office 2094:Tarn, John Nelson (1973). 1247:The Concert for Bangladesh 862: 698:University of Pennsylvania 639: 505: 374: 123:used the Greek concept of 109:'to love, be fond of' and 32: 25: 18: 7017: 6935: 6762: 6689: 6639: 6162: 6060: 6017: 5957: 5886: 5860: 5827: 5790: 5783: 5739:Countries by total wealth 5721: 5646: 5618:List of centibillionaires 5600: 5593: 5521: 5462:High-net-worth individual 5444: 5307: 5300: 5129: 5081:Animal Charity Evaluators 5066: 5025: 4947: 4886: 4713:Kiger, Joseph C. (2011). 4424:"Clara Lionel Foundation" 4380:"Shawn Carter Foundation" 4315:10.3389/fsoc.2022.1062755 4255:Migration and Development 4204:People's Climate Movement 4040:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1364 3500:"Private ancillary funds" 3284:10.5204/rep.eprints.48801 3277:. Queensland, Australia. 2991:Mariuzzo, Andrea (2016), 2752:Ascoli, Peter M. (2006). 2335:10.1017/s0018246x98008164 2256:French Historical Studies 2192:10.1215/00161071-2008-003 2180:French Historical Studies 2172:Chrastil, Rachel (2008). 2157:Crossland, James (2014). 2079:10.1017/S0022050700089683 1962:Petley, Christer (2011). 1824:"Associational Charities" 1219:People's Climate Movement 939: 851:, especially the work by 770:, founded in 1911 with a 759:in New York City and the 439: 345:Labourer's Friend Society 309:Philanthropists, such as 196: 5351:International inequality 5339:Consumption distribution 4629:Curti, Merle E. (1963). 3864:, OECD, pp. 35–42, 3620:10.1177/0899764017703711 3532:"Public ancillary funds" 3385:10.1057/9781137341532_28 3352:10.1177/0002764218773495 3123:South China Morning Post 2910:Hesser, Leon F. (2006). 2861:Weindling, Paul (1997). 2529:Nash, George H. (1988). 2268:10.1215/00161071-3946492 1921:Journal of Negro History 1777:Johnson, Samuel (1755). 1698:McCully, George (2009). 1661:Philanthropic capitalism 1424:Philanthropic capitalism 1362:Philanthropic capitalism 911:Lamia bint Majed al-Saud 5427:Conspicuous consumption 4428:Clara Lionel Foundation 4384:Shawn Carter Foundation 3670:10.1111/1467-8500.12515 3567:10.1111/1467-8500.12515 2962:10.1196/annals.1425.028 2881:10.1023/A:1004242303705 2593:Cotton Mather (1825) . 2306:10.1023/A:1022257805553 1652:Non-profit organization 1625:Charitable organization 1615:List of philanthropists 1460:to offset their larger 1386:. The reason given is: 1355:Clara Lionel Foundation 1347:Shawn Carter Foundation 900: 873:in the late 1940s, the 826:John D. Rockefeller Jr. 417:for this work in 1901. 349:Model Dwellings Company 311:anti-slavery campaigner 304:anti-slavery campaigner 35:List of philanthropists 7062: 7046: 6998: 6975: 6966: 6957: 5813:Argumentum ad crumenam 5199:Ethics of philanthropy 5192:Psychological barriers 4992:Nonprofit organization 4806:Quotations related to 4772:Zunz, Olivier (2012). 4302:Frontiers in Sociology 4186:Celebrity Philanthropy 3763:10.9707/1944-5660.1482 2784:Crocker, Ruth (2003). 2500:Burner, David (1978). 2323:The Historical Journal 2073:(4, December): 1061f. 2006:Read, Donald (1994) . 1851:Banerjee, Jacqueline. 1787:. Vol. I. London. 1637:Ethics of philanthropy 1446:nonprofit organization 1292:Tiger Woods Foundation 1215:People's Climate March 1207:Public interest groups 1156:Celebrity philanthropy 1151:Celebrity philanthropy 1009:Rockefeller Foundation 913: 841:Rockefeller Foundation 834:Frederick Taylor Gates 806: 745: 678:An Essay upon Projects 614: 490:, the French wanted a 459: 398: 306: 222: 158: 81: 6551:Righteous indignation 5944:The Wealth of Nations 5795:Diseases of affluence 5017:Voluntary association 5012:Religious corporation 4704:Jordan, W.K. (1959). 4651:Hitchcock, William I. 4596:Adam, Thomas (2008). 4086:Rand Health Quarterly 3870:10.1787/dcr-2013-6-en 3751:The Foundation Review 3165:(inactive 2024-09-12) 3104:10.1093/ajlh/52.3.261 2453:. Routledge. p. 2427:Lees, Andrew (2002). 2398:(3). JSTOR: 453–476. 2392:German Studies Review 2372:Adam, Thomas (2016). 2161:. Plagrave MacMillan. 2057:Siegel, Fred (1974). 1577:, as their legacy of 1567:cultural institutions 1308:Diaspora philanthropy 1297:Richard Gere Activism 1142:Types of philanthropy 908: 801: 784:Brookings Institution 730: 612: 447: 388: 335:Led by the energetic 298: 209: 69: 6069:Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā 5852:Venture philanthropy 5847:Philanthrocapitalism 5759:Most expensive items 5633:Wealthiest Americans 5613:list of billionaires 5312:Capital accumulation 5162:Click-to-donate site 5026:Charity and religion 4836:at Wikimedia Commons 4673:10.3138/ttr.35.2.145 3900:. Bloomsbury Press. 3151:Front. Philos. China 2997:History of Education 2836:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1667:Venture philanthropy 1643:Foundation (charity) 1464:liabilities through 1095:scientific community 1060:human capital theory 1048:Philanthrocapitalism 763:in the Netherlands. 740:magazine cartoon by 534:brought on by rapid 395:Battle of Gravelotte 353:housing associations 235:Carpenters' Company) 227:St Dionis Backchurch 19:For other uses, see 6139:Theological virtues 6042:Positive psychology 5908:Greek god of wealth 5819:Prosperity theology 5638:Wealthiest families 5623:Female billionaires 5457:Captain of industry 5432:Conspicuous leisure 5334:Income distribution 5329:Wealth distribution 5324:Economic inequality 2953:2008NYASA1136..233T 2508:. Alfred A. Knopf. 1561:. For example, the 1532:Global Policy Forum 1504:low-income students 1393:editing the article 1302:Remote Area Medical 811:John D. Rockefeller 803:John D. Rockefeller 794:John D. Rockefeller 583:research university 411:Franco-Prussian War 314:William Wilberforce 300:William Wilberforce 6571:Self-transcendence 6163:Individual virtues 6107:Nine Noble Virtues 6036:Nicomachean Ethics 5771:Wealthiest animals 5187:Effective altruism 5172:Donor-advised fund 5137:Alternative giving 5116:Giving What We Can 5091:Charity assessment 5068:Charity evaluation 4904:Charity (practice) 4756:10.1093/jcs/cst130 4009:10.48558/P4G8-QM77 1669: – Investment 1631:Effective altruism 1480:Anand Giridharadas 1123:knowledge exchange 914: 871:Ford Motor Company 807: 778:(now known as the 776:Harvard University 746: 615: 460: 399: 307: 272:The Marine Society 258:Foundling Hospital 223: 212:Foundling Hospital 82: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7073: 6225:Conscientiousness 6092:Epistemic virtues 5977: 5976: 5953: 5952: 5842:The Giving Pledge 5779: 5778: 5589: 5588: 5259: 5258: 5231:Visiting the sick 5096:Charity Navigator 5076:Aid effectiveness 5007:Social enterprise 4929:Humanity (virtue) 4832:Media related to 4404:"FUBU Foundation" 4210:on 14 August 2015 3969:20.500.12749/3006 3346:(13): 1759–1776. 3294:978-1-921897-16-0 2814:978-0-684-18936-9 2767:978-0-253-34741-1 2515:978-0-394-46134-2 1899:978-0-393-32847-9 1857:The Victorian Web 1676:Visiting the sick 1516:income inequality 1492:special interests 1421: 1420: 1413: 1383:layout guidelines 1227:Leonardo DiCaprio 1037:population growth 1005:impact investment 845:League of Nations 734:'s philanthropy. 700:– as well as the 670:Benjamin Franklin 648:Thirteen Colonies 562:, an upper class 560:Otto von Bismarck 536:industrialization 480:Pasteur Institute 415:Nobel Peace Prize 280:Magdalen Hospital 7098: 7067: 7051: 7003: 6980: 6971: 6962: 6838: 6741: 6732: 6709: 6675: 6652: 6637: 6636: 6566:Self-cultivation 6119:Prussian virtues 6082:Cardinal virtues 6004: 5997: 5990: 5981: 5980: 5837:Gospel of Wealth 5788: 5787: 5598: 5597: 5409: 5400: 5317:Overaccumulation 5305: 5304: 5286: 5279: 5272: 5263: 5262: 5251:Warm-glow giving 5246:Wall of kindness 5236:Voluntary sector 4873: 4866: 4859: 4850: 4849: 4831: 4817: 4805: 4791: 4779: 4768: 4759: 4741: 4732: 4720: 4709: 4699: 4687: 4676: 4658: 4646: 4636: 4624: 4615: 4603: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4580: 4565: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4552: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4527: 4521:The Conversation 4512: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4502: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4410: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4335: 4317: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4252: 4244: 4238: 4237: 4229: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4206:. Archived from 4196: 4190: 4189: 4181: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4166: 4160:Learning to Give 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4109: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4059: 4034:(8): 1424–1428. 4019: 4013: 4012: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3971: 3961: 3952:(Extra): 41–62. 3937: 3931: 3930: 3929: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3899: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3847: 3837: 3826: 3817: 3816: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3742: 3736: 3732: 3698: 3689: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3605: 3596: 3590: 3586: 3545: 3543: 3542: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3515: 3496: 3490: 3486: 3469: 3467: 3466: 3450: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3408: 3402: 3398: 3371: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3318: 3312: 3308: 3306: 3298: 3286: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3258: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3208: 3202: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3181: 3173: 3171: 3170: 3148: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3020: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2964: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2918:. Durban House. 2917: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2866: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2835: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2806: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2781: 2775: 2771: 2759: 2748: 2732: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2706: 2696: 2690: 2686: 2673: 2657: 2644: 2638: 2637: 2621: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2554: 2544: 2535: 2534: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2507: 2497: 2488: 2487: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2452: 2442: 2436: 2432: 2423: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2369: 2358: 2354: 2317: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2253: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2177: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2135: 2129: 2125: 2101: 2090: 2062: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2013: 2003: 1994: 1993: 1967: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1918: 1910: 1904: 1903: 1887: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1848: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1820: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1807: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1763:Summa Theologiae 1757: 1751: 1750: 1746:Summa Theologiae 1740: 1734: 1733: 1720: 1714: 1713: 1695: 1672: 1657: 1648: 1514:and perpetuates 1488:power structures 1416: 1409: 1405: 1402: 1396: 1374: 1373: 1366: 1332: 1108:Bridgespan Group 942: 941: 936: 930: 926: 923: 896: 880:Green Revolution 849:Green Revolution 817:(1862–1932) and 815:Julius Rosenwald 599:economic miracle 528:higher education 488:Great Depression 469:Service de Santé 464:French Red Cross 458: 455: 450:Institut Pasteur 428:on all sides in 337:Lord Shaftesbury 220: 217: 166:and escape from 161: 144:Christian virtue 141: 128: 118: 114: 108: 96: 80: 7106: 7105: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7095: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7070: 7013: 6931: 6758: 6685: 6635: 6158: 6144:Three Treasures 6061:Virtue families 6056: 6030:Moral character 6013: 6008: 5978: 5973: 5949: 5882: 5878:Too big to fail 5856: 5823: 5775: 5717: 5696:Philanthropists 5642: 5585: 5517: 5440: 5296: 5290: 5260: 5255: 5241:Volunteer grant 5182:Earning to give 5142:Benefit concert 5125: 5121:GreatNonprofits 5062: 5021: 4951: 4943: 4882: 4877: 4798: 4788: 4729: 4696: 4612: 4592: 4590:Further reading 4587: 4578: 4576: 4566: 4559: 4550: 4548: 4538: 4534: 4525: 4523: 4513: 4509: 4500: 4498: 4488: 4484: 4477:Countercurrents 4469: 4465: 4456: 4454: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4432: 4430: 4422: 4421: 4417: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4388: 4386: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4364: 4362: 4354: 4353: 4349: 4294: 4290: 4245: 4241: 4230: 4223: 4213: 4211: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4182: 4173: 4164: 4162: 4152: 4148: 4139: 4137: 4127: 4123: 4077: 4073: 4020: 4016: 3989: 3985: 3938: 3934: 3927: 3919: 3915: 3908: 3890: 3886: 3880: 3858: 3854: 3845: 3843: 3835: 3827: 3820: 3813: 3790: 3786: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3647: 3643: 3603: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3540: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3513: 3511: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3464: 3462: 3432: 3428: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3310: 3309: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3269: 3265: 3256: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3231: 3229: 3219: 3215: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3175: 3174: 3168: 3166: 3146: 3140: 3136: 3127: 3125: 3115: 3111: 3084: 3080: 3057:10.2307/3692406 3037: 3033: 2989: 2985: 2937: 2933: 2926: 2908: 2904: 2859: 2855: 2848: 2826: 2822: 2815: 2797: 2793: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2745: 2720: 2716: 2703:Andrew Carnegie 2697: 2693: 2689: 2670: 2645: 2641: 2634: 2612: 2608: 2591: 2587: 2574: 2570: 2563: 2545: 2538: 2527: 2523: 2516: 2498: 2491: 2476: 2472: 2465: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2404:10.2307/1432829 2385: 2381: 2370: 2361: 2357: 2287: 2283: 2246: 2242: 2211: 2207: 2170: 2166: 2155: 2151: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2052: 2048: 2033: 2029: 2022: 2004: 1997: 1960: 1956: 1933:10.2307/2715027 1911: 1907: 1900: 1875: 1871: 1861: 1859: 1849: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1822: 1821: 1814: 1805: 1803: 1796: 1792: 1775: 1771: 1758: 1754: 1741: 1737: 1722: 1721: 1717: 1710: 1696: 1689: 1685: 1670: 1655: 1646: 1611: 1587:opioid epidemic 1496:Robert F. Smith 1468:enabled by the 1454: 1435:10 million for 1417: 1406: 1400: 1397: 1391:Please help by 1390: 1375: 1371: 1364: 1351:FUBU Foundation 1330: 1310: 1243: 1189: 1153: 1144: 1075: 1045: 1013:Ford Foundation 1001: 996: 983: 928: 924: 903: 894: 875:Ford Foundation 867: 865:Ford Foundation 861: 859:Ford Foundation 796: 788:Sesame Workshop 749:Andrew Carnegie 742:Louis Dalrymple 732:Andrew Carnegie 725: 723:Andrew Carnegie 652:Harvard College 644: 638: 607: 590:First World War 508: 456: 442: 383: 375:Main articles: 373: 293: 218: 204: 199: 99: 'love of 97:(philanthrōpía) 94: 88:comes from 71:Herodes Atticus 64: 52:quality of life 37: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7104: 7094: 7093: 7076: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7059: 7052: 7043: 7036: 7029: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7004: 6995: 6988: 6981: 6972: 6963: 6954: 6947: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6929: 6922: 6915: 6902: 6895: 6888: 6881: 6874: 6867: 6860: 6853: 6846: 6839: 6830: 6823: 6816: 6809: 6802: 6795: 6788: 6781: 6774: 6766: 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5348: 5347: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5308: 5302: 5298: 5297: 5289: 5288: 5281: 5274: 5266: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5221:Matching funds 5218: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5201: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5133: 5131: 5130:Further topics 5127: 5126: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5029: 5027: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4962: 4956: 4954: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4876: 4875: 4868: 4861: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4837: 4825: 4811: 4797: 4796:External links 4794: 4793: 4792: 4786: 4769: 4760: 4733: 4727: 4710: 4701: 4694: 4677: 4667:(2): 145–163. 4647: 4626: 4616: 4611:978-0253343130 4610: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4585: 4557: 4532: 4507: 4482: 4463: 4439: 4415: 4395: 4371: 4347: 4288: 4261:(3): 361–377. 4239: 4221: 4200:"Endorsements" 4191: 4171: 4146: 4121: 4071: 4028:Health Affairs 4014: 3983: 3948:(in Spanish). 3932: 3913: 3906: 3884: 3878: 3852: 3818: 3811: 3784: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3707:(2): 234–246. 3690: 3664:(4): 748–768. 3648: 3641: 3614:(4): 747–771. 3591: 3588: 3587: 3561:(4): 748–768. 3546: 3527: 3520: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3470: 3451: 3433: 3426: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3393: 3372: 3334: 3327: 3311:|website= 3293: 3263: 3253:. 17 June 2020 3238: 3213: 3189: 3134: 3109: 3098:(3): 261–324. 3078: 3051:(4): 447–499. 3031: 3003:(3): 352–371, 2983: 2931: 2924: 2902: 2875:(3): 269–281. 2853: 2846: 2820: 2813: 2791: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2766: 2749: 2743: 2721: 2714: 2691: 2688: 2687: 2674: 2668: 2646: 2639: 2632: 2606: 2585: 2568: 2561: 2551:Herbert Hoover 2536: 2533:. p. 249. 2521: 2514: 2489: 2470: 2463: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2424: 2386: 2379: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2318: 2288: 2281: 2240: 2205: 2164: 2149: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2121:978-0521085069 2120: 2091: 2053: 2046: 2027: 2020: 1995: 1976:(3): 393–415. 1954: 1927:(4): 382–399. 1905: 1898: 1869: 1840: 1812: 1790: 1779:"Philanthropy" 1769: 1752: 1735: 1724:"Philanthropy" 1715: 1709:978-1438905617 1708: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1673: 1664: 1658: 1649: 1640: 1634: 1628: 1622: 1617: 1610: 1607: 1563:Sackler family 1548:accountability 1542:, the lack of 1524:democratically 1472:. In the book 1453: 1450: 1419: 1418: 1378: 1376: 1369: 1363: 1360: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1242: 1239: 1223:climate change 1211:United Nations 1188: 1185: 1152: 1149: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1119: 1074: 1071: 1044: 1041: 1018:sustainability 1000: 997: 995: 992: 982: 979: 929: 391 BCE 902: 899: 895:and profession 863:Main article: 860: 857: 853:Norman Borlaug 795: 792: 724: 721: 709:George Peabody 690:Philadelphians 640:Main article: 637: 634: 623:Herbert Hoover 606: 603: 524:social welfare 516:middle classes 507: 504: 441: 438: 372: 369: 365:Guinness Trust 292: 289: 203: 200: 198: 195: 191:Samuel Johnson 172:Thomas Aquinas 63: 60: 56:philanthropist 50:, focusing on 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7103: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7053: 7050: 7049: 7044: 7042: 7041: 7037: 7035: 7034: 7030: 7028: 7027: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7010: 7009: 7005: 7002: 7001: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6987: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6973: 6970: 6969: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6955: 6953: 6952: 6948: 6946: 6945: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6934: 6928: 6927: 6923: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6914: 6913: 6908: 6907: 6903: 6901: 6900: 6896: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6840: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6829: 6828: 6824: 6822: 6821: 6817: 6815: 6814: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6803: 6801: 6800: 6796: 6794: 6793: 6789: 6787: 6786: 6782: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6754: 6750: 6748: 6747: 6743: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6682: 6681: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6668: 6666: 6665: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6638: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6591:Sportsmanship 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6556:Righteousness 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6500: 6497: 6496: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6469:Nonattachment 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6232: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6129:Seven virtues 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6077: 6076:Brahmavihārās 6073: 6071: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6059: 6053: 6052:Virtue ethics 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6018:About virtues 6016: 6012: 6005: 6000: 5998: 5993: 5991: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5968: 5965: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5956: 5946: 5945: 5941: 5939: 5938: 5934: 5932: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5897: 5896: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5885: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5826: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5720: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5702:Universities 5701: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5648:Organizations 5645: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5531:Concentration 5529: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5514: 5511: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5480: 5477: 5476: 5475: 5472: 5468: 5465: 5464: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5447: 5443: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5418: 5415: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5398:Nouveau riche 5395: 5394: 5393: 5390: 5384: 5381: 5380: 5379: 5378: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5325: 5322: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5287: 5282: 5280: 5275: 5273: 5268: 5267: 5264: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5152:Charity fraud 5150: 5148: 5147:Caffè sospeso 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5128: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4952:organizations 4946: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4874: 4869: 4867: 4862: 4860: 4855: 4854: 4851: 4845: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4830: 4826: 4824:at Wiktionary 4823: 4822: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4799: 4789: 4787:9780691128368 4783: 4778: 4777: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4750:(1): 81–104. 4749: 4745: 4740: 4734: 4730: 4728:9781412806732 4724: 4719: 4718: 4711: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4691: 4686: 4685: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4635: 4634: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4602: 4601: 4594: 4593: 4575: 4571: 4564: 4562: 4547: 4543: 4536: 4522: 4518: 4511: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4478: 4474: 4467: 4453: 4449: 4443: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4405: 4399: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4292: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4243: 4235: 4228: 4226: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4195: 4187: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4136: 4132: 4125: 4117: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4018: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3926: 3925: 3917: 3909: 3907:9781596916951 3903: 3898: 3897: 3888: 3881: 3879:9789264200999 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3856: 3842:on 2016-08-20 3841: 3834: 3833: 3825: 3823: 3814: 3812:9780857930699 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3788: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3741: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3602: 3595: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3407: 3396: 3394:9781137343239 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3323: 3316: 3304: 3296: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3267: 3252: 3248: 3242: 3228: 3224: 3217: 3199: 3193: 3185: 3179: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3138: 3124: 3120: 3113: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3082: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3035: 3028: 3024: 3019: 3018:11380/1176822 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2987: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2947:(1): 233–42, 2946: 2942: 2935: 2927: 2921: 2916: 2915: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2857: 2849: 2847:9781576078600 2843: 2839: 2834: 2833: 2824: 2816: 2810: 2805: 2804: 2795: 2787: 2780: 2769: 2763: 2758: 2757: 2750: 2746: 2744:9781573563406 2740: 2736: 2731: 2730: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2710: 2705: 2704: 2695: 2685:(3): 268–285. 2684: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2669:9781573563406 2665: 2661: 2656: 2655: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2635: 2633:9781573563406 2629: 2625: 2620: 2619: 2610: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2589: 2581: 2580: 2572: 2564: 2562:9781429933490 2558: 2555:. Macmillan. 2553: 2552: 2543: 2541: 2532: 2525: 2517: 2511: 2506: 2505: 2496: 2494: 2485: 2481: 2474: 2466: 2464:9781317145936 2460: 2456: 2451: 2450: 2441: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2375: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2289: 2285: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2244: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2209: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2168: 2160: 2153: 2144: 2143: 2134: 2123: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2099: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2042: 2038: 2037:History Today 2031: 2023: 2017: 2012: 2011: 2002: 2000: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1958: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1909: 1901: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1879: 1878:Roger, N.A.M. 1873: 1858: 1854: 1847: 1845: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1817: 1801: 1794: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1773: 1765: 1764: 1756: 1748: 1747: 1739: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1719: 1711: 1705: 1701: 1694: 1692: 1687: 1677: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1653: 1650: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1591:social issues 1588: 1584: 1583:Purdue Pharma 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1449: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1425: 1415: 1412: 1404: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1384: 1379:This section 1377: 1368: 1367: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1326: 1323: 1322:transnational 1319: 1315: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1235:Edward Norton 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1168:philanthropic 1165: 1161: 1157: 1148: 1139: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1049: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1029:globalisation 1026: 1021: 1019: 1014: 1010: 1006: 991: 987: 978: 976: 973:507 billion ( 972: 966: 964: 959: 957: 953: 948: 946: 935: 919: 912: 907: 898: 892: 888: 883: 881: 876: 872: 866: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 839:By 1920, the 837: 835: 831: 827: 822: 821:(1828–1918). 820: 816: 813:(1839–1937), 812: 804: 800: 791: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 764: 762: 758: 757:Carnegie Hall 754: 750: 743: 739: 738: 733: 729: 720: 718: 714: 710: 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 682:Cotton Mather 679: 675: 671: 667: 665: 664:Enlightenment 661: 660:Cotton Mather 657: 653: 649: 643: 636:United States 633: 631: 626: 624: 620: 611: 602: 600: 595: 591: 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 569: 565: 561: 556: 553: 547: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 512:welfare state 503: 499: 497: 493: 492:welfare state 489: 484: 481: 476: 474: 473:French francs 470: 465: 451: 446: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 418: 416: 412: 409:. During the 408: 404: 396: 392: 387: 382: 378: 368: 366: 362: 361:Peabody Trust 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 333: 331: 327: 322: 319: 315: 312: 305: 301: 297: 288: 286: 285:Royal Charter 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 263: 259: 255: 250: 248: 244: 240: 236: 233:(such as the 232: 228: 213: 208: 202:Great Britain 194: 192: 188: 184: 183:philanthrôpía 180: 179:Francis Bacon 175: 173: 169: 165: 160: 155: 151: 150: 145: 140: 139:philanthrôpía 135: 130: 127: 126:philanthrôpía 122: 113: 107: 102: 98: 91: 90:Ancient Greek 87: 76: 72: 68: 59: 57: 53: 49: 45: 42:is a form of 41: 36: 29: 22: 7091:Philanthropy 7054: 7038: 7031: 7024: 7006: 6990: 6983: 6949: 6942: 6924: 6917: 6910: 6904: 6897: 6890: 6883: 6876: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6841: 6825: 6818: 6813:Brahmacharya 6811: 6804: 6797: 6790: 6783: 6776: 6769: 6751: 6744: 6719: 6712: 6696: 6678: 6662: 6655: 6611:Tranquillity 6561:Self-control 6531:Renunciation 6489:Philanthropy 6488: 6484:Perspicacity 6444:Magnificence 6397:Intelligence 6377:Impartiality 6297:Faithfulness 6185:Authenticity 6111: 6097:Five virtues 6074: 6067: 6047:Trait theory 6034: 5942: 5936: 5928: 5915: 5901: 5893: 5829:Philanthropy 5828: 5811: 5610: 5536:Distribution 5513:Robber baron 5422:Veblen goods 5417:Luxury goods 5406: 5397: 5177:Donor intent 5101:CharityWatch 5002:Service club 4977:Crowdfunding 4939:Volunteering 4934:Philanthropy 4933: 4834:Philanthropy 4821:philanthropy 4820: 4810:at Wikiquote 4808:Philanthropy 4775: 4764: 4747: 4743: 4716: 4705: 4683: 4664: 4660: 4632: 4620: 4599: 4577:. Retrieved 4573: 4549:. Retrieved 4546:the Guardian 4545: 4535: 4524:. Retrieved 4520: 4510: 4499:. Retrieved 4495: 4485: 4476: 4466: 4455:. Retrieved 4452:www.abfe.org 4451: 4442: 4431:. Retrieved 4427: 4418: 4407:. Retrieved 4398: 4387:. Retrieved 4383: 4374: 4363:. Retrieved 4359: 4350: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4258: 4254: 4242: 4233: 4212:. Retrieved 4208:the original 4203: 4194: 4185: 4163:. Retrieved 4159: 4149: 4138:. Retrieved 4134: 4124: 4089: 4085: 4074: 4031: 4027: 4017: 4000: 3996: 3986: 3949: 3945: 3935: 3923: 3916: 3895: 3887: 3861: 3855: 3844:. Retrieved 3840:the original 3831: 3794: 3787: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3704: 3700: 3661: 3657: 3644: 3611: 3607: 3594: 3558: 3554: 3539:. Retrieved 3535: 3523: 3512:. Retrieved 3503: 3494: 3478: 3463:. Retrieved 3459: 3442: 3429: 3416: 3406: 3376: 3343: 3339: 3330: 3273: 3266: 3255:. Retrieved 3251:BusinessWire 3250: 3241: 3230:. Retrieved 3226: 3216: 3205:. Retrieved 3192: 3178:cite journal 3167:. 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ABC Clio. 4003:(4): 4855. 3479:QUT ePrints 3460:QUT ePrints 3443:QUT ePrints 3417:QUT ePrints 2486:(1): 75–86. 2300:(1): 1–23. 2043:(3): 31–35. 1441:dilapidated 1401:August 2023 1197:foreign aid 1083:inclusivity 1033:consumerism 680:(1697) and 658:theologian 568:socialistic 558:Chancellor 540:bourgeoisie 520:aristocracy 475:in assets. 457: 1920 371:Switzerland 318:slave trade 219: 1753 214:in London, 181:considered 134:Middle Ages 132:During the 95:φιλανθρωπία 48:public good 6944:Auctoritas 6792:Aparigraha 6771:Adhiṭṭhāna 6753:Sophrosyne 6721:Eutrapelia 6606:Temperance 6586:Solidarity 6576:Simplicity 6536:Resilience 6511:Politeness 6479:Patriotism 6459:Moderation 6332:Good faith 6322:Generosity 6282:Equanimity 6262:Discipline 6220:Compassion 5967:by country 5916:Superclass 5561:Management 5371:Plutocracy 5209:wealthiest 4965:Foundation 4950:charitable 4909:Compassion 4695:025333392X 4579:2021-11-15 4551:2021-11-15 4526:2021-11-15 4501:2021-11-15 4457:2024-09-11 4433:2024-09-11 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