Employment - Knowledge

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such conflicts such that employers and employees who enter into an employment relationship are assumed to find this arrangement in their own self-interest. In human resource management theorizing, employers and employees are assumed to have shared interests (or a unity of interests, hence the label “unitarism”). Any conflicts that exist are seen as a manifestation of poor human resource management policies or interpersonal clashes such as personality conflicts, both of which can and should be managed away. From the perspective of pluralist industrial relations, the employment relationship is characterized by a plurality of stakeholders with legitimate interests (hence the label “pluralism), and some conflicts of interests are seen as inherent in the employment relationship (e.g., wages v. profits). Lastly, the critical paradigm emphasizes antagonistic conflicts of interests between various groups (e.g., the competing capitalist and

2342:"For purposes of this chapter, the term "employee" includes an officer, employee, or elected official of the United States, a State, or any political subdivision thereof, or the District of Columbia, or any agency or instrumentality of any one or more of the foregoing. The term "employee" also includes an officer of a corporation." This definition does not exclude all those who are commonly known as 'employees'. "Similarly, Latham's instruction which indicated that under 26 U.S.C. § 3401(c) the category of 'employee' does not include privately employed wage earners is a preposterous reading of the statute. It is obvious that within the context of both statutes the word 'includes' is a term of enlargement not of limitation, and the reference to certain entities or categories is not intended to exclude all others." 1733: 2511:, increasing labor productivity appears to have a negative impact on job creation: in the 1960s, a 1% increase in output per worker was associated with a reduction in employment growth of 0.07%, by the first decade of this century the same productivity increase implies reduced employment growth by 0.54%. Both increased employment opportunities and increased labor productivity (as long as it also translates into higher wages) are needed to tackle poverty. Increases in employment without increases in productivity leads to a rise in the number of "working poor", which is why some experts are now promoting the creation of "quality" and not "quantity" in labor market policies. This approach does highlight how higher productivity has helped reduce poverty in 2335: 2406: 1667:

and the employer will generally be liable for their actions and be obliged to give them benefits. Similarly, the employer is the owner of any invention created by an employee "hired to invent", even in the absence of an assignment of inventions. In contrast, a company commissioning a work by an independent contractor will not own the copyright unless the company secures either a written contract stating that it is a "work made for hire" or a written assignment of the copyright. In order to stay protected and avoid lawsuits, an employer has to be aware of that distinction.

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offers services to the public at large, not just to one business, and is responsible for disbursing payments from the client, paying unreimbursed expenses, and providing his or her own tools to complete the job. Third, the relationship of the parties is often evidenced by a written agreement that specifies that the worker is an independent contractor and is not entitled to employee benefits; the services provided by the worker are not key to the business; and the relationship is not permanent.

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society. In addition, the absence of social supports stems from failings at the political and policy levels. The United States has traditionally lacked the political desire to put in place effective policies and programs that would support the economically vulnerable. Structural failing at the economic and political levels have therefore produced a lack of opportunities and supports, resulting in high rates of American poverty.

855: 2234:), which can be Normal employment (unlimited), but the work time is unregulated and decided per immediate need basis. The employee is expected to be answering the phone and come to work when needed, e.g. when someone is ill and absent from work. They will receive salary only for actual work time and can in reality be fired for no reason by not being called anymore. This type of contract is common in the public sector. 1882: 1811:

sick leave, vacation (paid and non-paid), social security, profit sharing, funding of education, and other specialized benefits. In some cases, such as with workers employed in remote or isolated regions, the benefits may include meals. Employee benefits can improve the relationship between employee and employer and lowers staff turnover.

2763:, will cause unemployment growth and increased wage disparity for unskilled workers in industrialized countries. Imports from low-wage countries exert pressure on the manufacturing sector in industrialized countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) is attracted away from the industrialized nations, towards low-waged countries. 2748:. By meeting the needs of the employer; generating profits to establish and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining a balance with the employee and creating social equity that benefits the worker so that he/she can fund and enjoy healthy living; proves to be a continuous revolving issue in westernized societies. 2189:), where the employer hires a person for a test period of 6 months maximum. The employment can be ended at any time without giving any reason. This type of employment can be offered only once per employer and in employee combination. Usually, a time limited or normal employment is offered after a test employment. 2692:

for aligning the interests of employees and employers and thereby creating profitable companies in the second view, as insufficient for looking out for workers’ interests in the third view, and as manipulative managerial tools for shaping the ideology and structure of the workplace in the fourth view.

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Self-employed people generally find their own work rather than being provided with work by an employer and instead earn income from a profession, a trade, or a business that they operate. In some countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, the authorities are placing more emphasis on

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Researchers have also explored the relationship between employment and illicit activities. Using evidence from Africa, a research team found that a program for Liberian ex-fighters reduced work hours on illicit activities. The employment program also reduced interest in mercenary work in nearby wars.

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Researchers found evidence to suggest growth in manufacturing and services have good impact on employment. They found GDP growth on employment in agriculture to be limited, but that value-added growth had a relatively larger impact. The impact on job creation by industries/economic activities as well

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These models are important because they help reveal why individuals hold differing perspectives on human resource management policies, labor unions, and employment regulation. For example, human resource management policies are seen as dictated by the market in the first view, as essential mechanisms

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Those older than the statutory defined retirement age may continue to work, either out of enjoyment or necessity. However, depending on the nature of the job, older workers may need to transition into less-physical forms of work to avoid injury. Working past retirement age also has positive effects,

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The tendency of our free market economy has been to produce a growing number of jobs that will no longer support a family. In addition, the basic nature of capitalism ensures that unemployment exists at modest levels. Both of these directly result in a shortage of economic opportunities in American

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What also results from Lee's (1996) findings is that in industrialized countries an average of almost 70 per cent of workers are employed in the service sector, most of which consists of non-tradable activities. As a result, workers are forced to become more skilled and develop sought after trades,

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despite some pointing to the positive impact, others point to limitations. They recommended that complementary policies are necessary to ensure economic growth's positive impact on LDC employment. With trade, industry and investment, they only found limited evidence of positive impact on employment

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Scholars conceptualize the employment relationship in various ways. A key assumption is the extent to which the employment relationship necessarily includes conflicts of interests between employers and employees, and the form of such conflicts. In economic theorizing, the labor market mediates all

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Employer and managerial control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Employers must balance interests such as decreasing wage constraints

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Provided key circumstances, including ones such as that the worker is paid regularly, follows set hours of work, is supplied with tools from the employer, is closely monitored by the employer, acting on behalf of the employer, only works for one employer at a time, they are considered an employee,

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are various non-wage compensation provided to employees in addition to their wages or salaries. The benefits can include: housing (employer-provided or employer-paid), group insurance (health, dental, life etc.), disability income protection, retirement benefits, daycare, tuition reimbursement,

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To categorize a worker as an independent contractor rather than an employee, an independent contractor must agree with the client on what the finished work product will be and then the contractor controls the means and manner of achieving the desired outcome. Secondly, an independent contractor

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posits that contemporary employment practices and employer commonalities in the United States, including toxic working environments, job insecurity, long hours and increased performance pressure from management, are responsible for 120,000 excess deaths annually, making the workplace the fifth

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As a general principle of employment law, in the United States, there is a difference between an agent and an independent contractor. The default status of a worker is an employee unless specific guidelines are met, which can be determined by the ABC test. Thus, clarifying whether someone who

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even when referring to the provision of a service) but whether the activity is profitable and therefore potentially taxable. In other words, the trading is likely to be ignored if there is no profit, so occasional and hobby- or enthusiast-based economic activity is generally ignored by tax

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over wages, benefits, and working conditions for their membership, and on representing their members in disputes with management over violations of contract provisions. Larger unions also typically engage in lobbying activities and electioneering at the state and federal level.

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at work, due to less work experience, a lower use of seat belts, and higher rates of distracted driving. To mitigate this risk, those under the age of 17 are restricted from certain types of driving, including transporting people and goods under certain circumstances.

2880:, do not receive pay for their services and are not considered employed. Some historians suggest that slavery is older than employment, but both arrangements have existed for all recorded history. Indentured servitude and slavery are not considered compatible with 1715:

in the establishment (usually hung on a window or door or placed on a store counter). Evaluating different employees can be quite laborious but setting up different techniques to analyze their skills to measure their talents within the field can be best through

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has affected these issues by creating certain economic factors that disallow or allow various employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) studies the effects of globalization and summarizes the four major points of concern that affect employment relations:

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from the employer to find, screen and select suitable candidates. However, a study has shown that such consultants may not be reliable when they fail to use established principles in selecting employees. A more traditional approach is with a "Help Wanted"

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refers to the employer's effort to equip a newly hired employee with the necessary skills to perform at the job, and to help the employee grow within the organization. An appropriate level of training and development helps to improve employee's

2072:) is an association of national level with its international reputation of co-operation and welfare of the migrant workforce as well as its approximately 1200 members agencies in collaboration with and support from the Government of Bangladesh. 2435:

at a higher rate; this is generally due to their employment in high-risk industries. For example, in the United States, young people are injured at work at twice the rate of their older counterparts. These workers are also at higher risk for

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The US is falling drastically behind similar countries in mandating adequate wages, protections, and rights for millions of workers and their families. The wealthiest country in the world is near the bottom of every dimension of this

2219:), cancellation of employment, usually because of bad income for the company. There is a cancellation period of 1–6 months, and rules for how to select employees, basically those with shortest employment time shall be cancelled first. 2391:

which split from the AFL–CIO in 2005. Both advocate policies and legislation on behalf of workers in the United States and Canada, and take an active role in politics. The AFL–CIO is especially concerned with global trade issues.

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clarifying whether an individual is self-employed or engaged in disguised employment, in other words pretending to be in a contractual intra-business relationship to hide what is in fact an employer-employee relationship.

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is the state of working for oneself rather than an employer. Tax authorities will generally view a person as self-employed if the person chooses to be recognised as such or if the person is generating income for which a

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High-risk industries for young workers include agriculture, restaurants, waste management, and mining. In the United States, those under the age of 18 are restricted from certain jobs that are deemed dangerous under the

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Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as a global labor market results in a “race to the bottom”. Increased international competition creates a pressure to reduce the wages and conditions of

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is an employee's perception and judgement of employer's treatment in the context of fairness or justice. The resulting actions to influence the employee-employer relationship is also a part of organizational justice.

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The most significant definitions are 'person conducting a business or undertaking' (PCBU). 'worker' and 'workplace'. 'PCBU' is a wider ranging term than 'employer', though this will be what most people understand by

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has no contract Labor, Minimum Wage and Provident Funds Acts. Contract labor in Pakistan must be paid minimum wage and certain facilities are to be provided to labor. However, the Acts are not yet fully implemented.

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of forgone wages due to not working. At times when jobs are hard to find, such as during recessions, unemployed individuals may decide to get post-secondary education, because there is less of an opportunity cost.

2196:). The employer hires a person for a specified time. Usually, they are extended for a new period. Total maximum two years per employer and employee combination, then it automatically counts as a normal employment. 4803:

Yurendra Basnett and Ritwika Sen, What do empirical studies say about economic growth and job creation in developing countries? Economic and private sector professional evidence and applied knowledge services

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Joseph Holden, Youth employment programmes – What can be learnt from international experience with youth employment programmes? Economic and private sector professional evidence and applied knowledge services

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Bürgerliches Recht 3: Fall · Systematik · Lösung · Schuldrecht · Besonderer Teil. Kauf und Tausch · Schenkung · Miete und Pacht · Leihe · Verwahrung · Darlehen · Bürgschaft · Dienst- und Werkvertrag

3778:"...vulgar are the means of livelihood of all hired workmen whom we pay for mere manual labour, not for artistic skill; for in their case the very wage they receive is a pledge of their slavery." – 2766:

Economic liberalization will result in unemployment and wage inequality in developing countries. This happens as job losses in uncompetitive industries outstrip job opportunities in new industries.

1784:, a compensation approach that has the added benefit, from the company's point of view, of helping to align the interests of the compensated individual with the performance of the company. 2029:

that the undemocratic nature of economic institutions under capitalism causes elections to become occasions when blocs of investors coalesce and compete to control the state plus cities.

3792:"As long as politics is the shadow cast on society by big business, the attenuation of the shadow will not change the substance", in "The Need for a New Party" (1931), Later Works 6, p163 3474:

Report to the Legislature of the State of New York by the Commission appointed under Chapter 518 of the laws of 1909 to inquire into the question of employers' liability and other matters

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most of the chronically poor are wage earners in formal employment, because their jobs are insecure and low paid and offer no chance to accumulate wealth to avoid risks. According to the

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in creating employment that reduces poverty. 24 instances of growth were examined, in which 18 reduced poverty. This study showed that other sectors were just as important in reducing

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somewhat, where economic growth impact has been shown to be positive on employment. The researchers didn't find sufficient evidence to conclude any impact of growth on employment in

2519:, for example, employment growth has slowed while productivity growth has continued. Furthermore, productivity increases do not always lead to increased wages, as can be seen in the 3846: 2782:, and globalization that is represented by a more skilled and increasing highly diverse labor force, that are growing in non standard forms of employment (Markey, R. et al. 2006). 2736:

The study concludes that while the use of capital inputs or cash payments for peaceful work created a reduction in illicit activities, the impact of training alone is rather low.

2687:: employment is an unequal power relation between competing groups that is embedded in and inseparable from systemic inequalities throughout the socio-politico-economic system. 2468:

because it gives a sense of purpose and allows people to maintain social networks and activity levels. Older workers are often found to be discriminated against by employers.

1951: 4274: 2680:: employment is a bargained exchange between stakeholders with some common and some competing economic interests and unequal bargaining power due to imperfect labor markets 4342: 5071: 2848:) to enable them to rent housing, buy food, repair or replace household goods, maintenance of children and observe social customs that require financial expenditure. 2724: 2700:

Literature on the employment impact of economic growth and on how growth is associated with employment at a macro, sector and industry level was aggregated in 2013.

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has options for a fixed term contract or a permanent contract. Both contracts are entitled to minimum wages, fixed working hours and social security contributions.

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as the extent of the body of evidence and the key studies. For extractives, they again found extensive evidence suggesting growth in the sector has limited impact

2535:, the US "offers some of the lowest wages in the industrialized world," which has "swelled the ranks of the working poor, most of whom are thirty-five or older." 1847:. The contract between the two parties specifies the responsibilities of each when ending the relationship and may include requirements such as notice periods, 6255: 2116:, which is a form of Dienstleistungsvertrag (service-oriented contract). An Arbeitsvertrag can also be temporary, whereas a temporary worker is working under 2773:

Globalization reduces the autonomy of the nation state. Capital is increasingly mobile and the ability of the state to regulate economic activity is reduced.

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vested in the original personal inventor. A wage laborer is a person whose primary means of income is from the selling of his or her labor in this way.

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in a Marxist framework) that are part of a deeper social conflict of unequal power relations. As a result, there are four common models of employment:

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performs work is an independent contractor or an employee from the beginning, and treating them accordingly, can save a company from trouble later on.

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For purposes of U.S. federal income tax withholding, 26 U.S.C. § 3401(c) provides a definition for the term "employee" specific to chapter 24 of the

1835:, which represent the workforce to collectively bargain with the management of organizations about working, and contractual conditions and services. 2170: 2668:

Mainstream economics: employment is seen as a mutually advantageous transaction in a free market between self-interested legal and economic equals

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in Sweden. Instead, there are agreements between employer organizations and trade unions about minimum salaries, and other employment conditions.

8986: 8449: 8305: 2921: 2864:, an employment situation in which the worker receives training or experience (and possibly college credit) as the chief form of compensation. 2860:

who perform tasks for charities, hospitals or not-for-profit organizations, are generally not considered employed. One exception to this is an

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Youth employment programs are most effective when they include both theoretical classroom training and hands-on training with work placements.

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Usually, either an employee or employer may end the relationship at any time, often subject to a certain notice period. This is referred to as

1799:, an employee who acts unfaithfully towards his employer must forfeit all of the compensation he received during the period of his disloyalty. 4890: 2976:

needs to be filed. In the real world, the critical issue for tax authorities is not whether a person is engaged in business activity (called

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Markey, Raymond; Hodgkinson, Ann; Kowalczyk, Jo (2002). "Gender, part-time employment and employee participation in Australian workplaces".

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have argued that the economy of the United States is failing to provide jobs that can adequately support families. According to sociologist

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Labor unions are legally recognized as representatives of workers in many industries in the United States. Their activity today centers on

1954:, it is currently the dominant form of work arrangement. Although most work occurs following this structure, the wage work arrangements of 2346: 2314: 9030: 8249: 8205: 1768:(with the latter often being combined with another form of payment). In sales jobs and real estate positions, the employee may be paid a 897: 829: 6093: 6071: 5239: 2732:

from industrial and investment policies and for others, while large bodies of evidence does exist, the exact impact remains contested.

2261:: last for a certain length of time, are set in advance, end when a specific task is completed, ends when a specific event takes place. 6997: 4544: 2708:

employment. In textiles, however, although evidence was low, studies suggest growth there positively contributed to job creation. In

1717: 1199: 1776:, executive jobs), employees may be eligible for a bonus if they meet certain targets. Some executives and employees may be paid in 1616:

or of a person conducting a business or undertaking (PCB) and is usually hired to perform specific duties which are packaged into a

6841: 6403: 5518: 5220: 4278: 3421: 3022: 7022: 5164: 4405: 1859:. In some professions, notably teaching, civil servants, university professors, and some orchestra jobs, some employees may have 1641: 1207: 2271:: has no defined length of time, can be terminated by either party, is to accomplish a specific task, specified number of hours. 9050: 6893: 6339: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5632: 4339: 2026: 1732: 1168: 5209: 5083: 4591:

Baert, Stijn (February 20, 2016). "Getting Grey Hairs in the Labour Market: An Alternative Experiment on Age Discrimination".

5193: 5174: 5150: 5131: 5027: 4958: 4932: 4637: 4222: 3918: 3829: 3718: 3521: 3445: 3345: 3315: 3271: 3511: 1720:. Employer and potential employee commonly take the additional step of getting to know each other through the process of a 1535:, or any other entity, pays the other, the employee, in return for carrying out assigned work. Employees work in return for 9315: 8286: 6898: 5786: 5268: 8979: 7188: 3491: 3007: 2081: 1194: 969: 4684: 3822:

Dying for a Paycheck: How Modern Management Harms Employee Health and Company Performance – and What We Can Do About It

2499:(ILO) estimates that as many as 40% of workers are poor, not earning enough to keep their families above the $ 2 a day 2365:

if they work for the employer on a regular basis, and said employer directs the time, place, and manner of employment.

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There is a type of employment contract which is common but not regulated in law, and that is Hour employment (Swedish:

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Budd, John W. and Bhave, Devasheesh (2008) "Values, Ideologies, and Frames of Reference in Industrial Relations," in

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with a maximization of labor productivity in order to achieve a profitable and productive employment relationship.

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or find other means of survival. Ultimately this is a result of changes and trends of employment, an evolving

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Golden Rule : The Investment Theory of Party Competition and the Logic of Money-Driven Political Systems

1851:, and security measures. A contract forbidding an employee from leaving their employment, under penalty of a 1400: 228: 7868: 490: 9335: 9180: 8399: 7807: 7780: 7072: 6245: 5296: 4819:"Can Employment Reduce Lawlessness and Rebellion? A Field Experiment with High-Risk Men in a Fragile State" 3069: 2089: 1986:

Wage labor, as institutionalized under today's market economic systems, has been criticized, especially by

1563:. In some types of employment, employees may receive benefits in addition to payment. Benefits may include 1375: 2455:

In the conversation of employment among younger aged workers, youth unemployment has also been monitored.

2368:

In non-union work environments, in the United States, unjust termination complaints can be brought to the

1772:, a percentage of the value of the goods or services that they have sold. In some fields and professions ( 9280: 9125: 8924: 8464: 8234: 8215: 7792: 7637: 7603: 7588: 7567: 7562: 7057: 6270: 4895: 3374: 2334: 1528: 839: 59: 49: 3613: 3586: 2254:

In the United Kingdom, employment contracts are categorized by the government into the following types:

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subculture in the 1960s and 1970s (which endorsed the idea of "dropping out" of society) and the

2728: 2437: 2302: 1955: 1796: 1516: 1395: 924: 515: 323: 313: 273: 263: 170: 93: 4977: 3617: 2207:), which has no time limit (except for retirement etc.). It can still be ended for two reasons: 1975: 9380: 9235: 9170: 9045: 8874: 8869: 8784: 8754: 8063: 7908: 7768: 7711: 7667: 7630: 7380: 7320: 7295: 7265: 7250: 6936: 6888: 6858: 6695: 6663: 6653: 6470: 6455: 6435: 6317: 6088: 6083: 5358: 3185: 2986: 2354: 2349:, especially when there is dispute as to the worker's entitlement to have matching taxes paid, 2285: 1981: 1819: 1703: 1695: 1625: 1360: 1330: 1322: 1093: 685: 530: 268: 208: 165: 112: 1928:

are market-determined. In exchange for the wages paid, the work product generally becomes the

9410: 9325: 9300: 8934: 8909: 8894: 8825: 8810: 8645: 8611: 8534: 8519: 8404: 8319: 8195: 7878: 7853: 7838: 7812: 7751: 7430: 7370: 7350: 7345: 6878: 6873: 6811: 6756: 6705: 6327: 5858: 5831: 5503: 5431: 4942: 3301: 3195: 3169: 3159: 3134: 3042: 2376: 2328: 1933: 1781: 1560: 1390: 1350: 1335: 1058: 964: 819: 500: 475: 460: 318: 258: 238: 233: 8529: 4670: 4509: 4488: 3872: 3396: 2744:

The balance of economic efficiency and social equity is the ultimate debate in the field of

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Science and Engineering Careers in the United States: An Analysis of Markets and Employment

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Invisible Hands, Invisible Objectives: Bringing Workplace Law and Public Policy Into Focus

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to find workers and for people to find employers are via jobs listings in newspapers (via

1651:, is the classification of workers. A lot of workers that fulfill gigs are often hired as 8: 9593: 9572: 9390: 9255: 9140: 9130: 9110: 9080: 9015: 8864: 8859: 8744: 8576: 8546: 8359: 8339: 8272: 8174: 7983: 7802: 7702: 7682: 7642: 7598: 7583: 7539: 7480: 7405: 7395: 7365: 7288: 6851: 6846: 6784: 6732: 6450: 6418: 6408: 6290: 6280: 5811: 5806: 5627: 5607: 5528: 5448: 5426: 5406: 5254: 5119: 4709: 4638:"Where hard work doesn't pay off: An index of US labor policies compared to peer nations" 3850: 3734: 3149: 2982: 2820: 2432: 2428: 2405: 2258: 2046: 1958:, professional employees, and professional contract workers are sometimes conflated with 1599: 1520: 1485: 1365: 1019: 796: 605: 427: 368: 293: 283: 253: 180: 88: 7843: 7275: 5224: 4056: 1620:. In a corporate context, an employee is a person who is hired to provide services to a 465: 9430: 9420: 9415: 9385: 9345: 9295: 9285: 9085: 9035: 8884: 8705: 8636: 8596: 8459: 8229: 8200: 8158: 7963: 7672: 7652: 7620: 7534: 7529: 7509: 7460: 7400: 7390: 7335: 7330: 7174: 6951: 6915: 6779: 6668: 6648: 6521: 6485: 6372: 6354: 6285: 5921: 5781: 5761: 5716: 5617: 5602: 5015: 4970: 4846: 4618: 4183: 3963: 3704: 3242: 3057: 2873: 2845: 2456: 2290: 2268: 1844: 1268: 1128: 824: 780: 585: 422: 417: 397: 348: 288: 278: 223: 218: 190: 185: 155: 23: 3587:"Met Opera sues former conductor for $ 5.8 million over sexual misconduct allegations" 3089: 2562:

provides a safety net for jobs and economic buffer when other sectors are struggling.

2383:

Most unions in America are aligned with one of two larger umbrella organizations: the

1863:, which means that they cannot be dismissed at will. Another type of termination is a 9425: 9360: 9320: 9250: 9195: 8854: 8725: 8720: 8677: 8621: 8591: 8556: 8499: 8364: 8093: 8068: 7978: 7858: 7746: 7549: 7485: 7450: 7440: 7310: 7062: 7042: 6774: 6739: 6571: 6465: 6445: 6364: 6217: 6152: 5826: 5776: 5751: 5711: 5706: 5637: 5483: 5189: 5170: 5146: 5127: 5049: 5042: 5023: 5001: 4981: 4954: 4928: 4850: 4838: 4714: 4680: 4413: 4218: 4187: 4175: 4032: 3979: 3914: 3825: 3714: 3517: 3351: 3341: 3311: 3267: 3238: 3154: 3084: 3037: 2837: 1807: 1788: 1459: 1410: 1345: 1288: 1098: 954: 715: 690: 600: 480: 437: 373: 338: 328: 160: 122: 78: 8018: 4622: 3939: 3246: 2929: 640: 9310: 9240: 9160: 9155: 8944: 8919: 8914: 8820: 8710: 8672: 8667: 8626: 8616: 8606: 8566: 8384: 8369: 8143: 8088: 8073: 8058: 8043: 7973: 7953: 7933: 7888: 7495: 7445: 7415: 7410: 7300: 7238: 7032: 6821: 6789: 6749: 6744: 6541: 6531: 6349: 6180: 6137: 6110: 6105: 5959: 5926: 5916: 5766: 5694: 5498: 5436: 5416: 5401: 5223:. Government Information Library. University of Colorado at Boulder. Archived from 5213: 5107: 4830: 4666: 4608: 4600: 4552: 4340:

Jobs, growth and poverty: what do we know, what don't we know, what should we know?

4210: 4167: 4012: 3971: 3906: 3847:"This professor says the workplace is the fifth leading cause of death in the U.S." 3700: 3307: 3234: 3175: 3109: 3032: 3027: 2824: 2528: 1913: 1745: 1564: 1548: 1444: 1434: 989: 765: 710: 695: 680: 665: 595: 575: 555: 510: 383: 333: 303: 298: 8023: 3782: 3220:"Predicting job performance: A comparison of expert opinion and research findings" 2108:

Two of the prominent examples of work and employment contracts in Germany are the

645: 9496: 9395: 9270: 9145: 9115: 9100: 8939: 8929: 8899: 8805: 8439: 8349: 8254: 8148: 8113: 8078: 8013: 7938: 7923: 7817: 7773: 7610: 7544: 7519: 7514: 7490: 7233: 7218: 7092: 7027: 6836: 6806: 6794: 6658: 6556: 6423: 5756: 5523: 5326: 5301: 5291: 4947:

Private Government: How Employers Rule Our Lives (and Why We Don't Talk about It)

4920: 4704: 4346: 3910: 3817: 3738: 3261: 3180: 3164: 3114: 3099: 3063: 3052: 2968: 2933: 2898: 2800: 2713: 2661: 2555: 2543: 2532: 2137: 2033: 1962:, so that "wage labor" is considered to apply only to unskilled, semi-skilled or 1856: 1464: 1278: 1236: 1158: 944: 859: 770: 735: 700: 635: 560: 545: 432: 407: 402: 378: 150: 145: 9190: 2523:, where the gap between productivity and wages has been rising since the 1980s. 2361:

ruled that independent contractors are regarded as employees for the purpose of

8657: 8601: 8581: 8419: 8374: 8329: 8324: 8168: 8153: 8118: 8103: 8083: 8053: 7873: 7524: 7245: 7213: 7077: 6826: 6727: 6680: 6382: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6041: 5969: 5726: 5684: 5368: 5336: 5160: 4993: 4925:

Social pacts, employment and growth: a reappraisal of Ezio Tarantelli's thought

4604: 3898: 3764: 3759: 3079: 3047: 1905: 1792: 1478: 1303: 1298: 1283: 1246: 1068: 914: 790: 775: 740: 725: 705: 675: 495: 412: 102: 98: 7903: 5111: 4834: 4171: 4017: 4000: 3897:

Gross, Willi; Söhnlein, Walter (1990), Gross, Willi; Söhnlein, Walter (eds.),

2872:

Those who work under obligation for the purpose of fulfilling a debt, such as

525: 9587: 9531: 9521: 9370: 9060: 8889: 8764: 8682: 8586: 8454: 8424: 8394: 8133: 8123: 8098: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8008: 7998: 7968: 7958: 7863: 7763: 7736: 7500: 7052: 6971: 6956: 6941: 6712: 6690: 6596: 6480: 6413: 6387: 6322: 6165: 6122: 6117: 5964: 5848: 5746: 5468: 5321: 5306: 4842: 4785:

Budd, John W. and Bhave, Devasheesh (2010) "The Employment Relationship," in

4672:

The Poverty Paradox: Understanding Economic Hardship Amid American Prosperity

4573: 4214: 4179: 3355: 3104: 2811:

One of the alternatives to work is engaging in post-secondary education at a

2795:

Various youth subcultures have been associated with not working, such as the

2751: 2709: 2558:

is most effective at translating productivity growth into employment growth.

2551: 2520: 2410: 2264: 2057: 1963: 1959: 1929: 1848: 1777: 1721: 1556: 1228: 1163: 1123: 1088: 1014: 755: 745: 720: 660: 655: 650: 630: 620: 590: 580: 485: 388: 4155: 3260:

Archer, Richard; Borthwick, Kerry; Travers, Michelle; Ruschena, Leo (2017).

2476: 2459:

rates tend to be higher than the adult rates in every country in the world.

1795:

under the laws of a number of states in the United States, and most notably

1736:

Wiki-training with employees of Regional Institute of Culture in Katowice 02

1647:

An issue that arises in most companies, especially the ones that are in the

39: 9511: 9501: 9481: 9400: 9245: 9220: 9025: 8835: 8789: 8769: 8700: 8561: 8509: 8344: 8163: 8108: 8003: 7993: 7988: 7913: 7758: 7283: 7223: 7087: 7067: 7047: 7037: 7012: 6766: 6601: 6581: 6566: 6536: 6526: 6305: 6160: 6142: 6078: 6056: 6014: 6004: 5901: 5891: 5863: 5594: 5584: 5411: 5351: 4202: 3369: 3124: 3094: 3017: 2881: 2857: 2547: 2500: 2319: 2224: 1995: 1921: 1756:

There are many ways that employees are paid, including by hourly wages, by

1532: 1308: 1273: 1256: 1153: 1138: 1103: 1053: 1048: 1040: 974: 871: 785: 730: 625: 615: 610: 535: 83: 4985: 4456: 4243: 3975: 3510:

Glynn, Timothy P.; Arnow-Richman, Rachel S.; Sullivan, Charles A. (2019).

9526: 9516: 9491: 9466: 9185: 9010: 8954: 8739: 8662: 8652: 8479: 8429: 8379: 8138: 8128: 7918: 7797: 7741: 7228: 6700: 6623: 6591: 6051: 5994: 5612: 5569: 5544: 5513: 5508: 5463: 5388: 5378: 5363: 5316: 3779: 3119: 2990: 2559: 2384: 2247: 2166: 1999: 1937: 1852: 1832: 1648: 1640:

This section is about the classification in general. For other uses, see

1524: 1509: 1182: 1009: 979: 959: 760: 750: 540: 175: 8964: 4805: 4613: 4557: 4531: 4510:"Work-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes: Preventing Injury to Young Drivers" 3574:. Vol. 158. Commerce Clearing House. 2009 – via Google Books. 2823:. One of the major costs of obtaining a post-secondary education is the 2211:, immediate end of employment only for strong reasons such as crime, or 1702:. Employers and job seekers also often find each other via professional 8774: 8687: 8474: 8295: 8048: 7848: 7625: 6910: 6717: 6630: 6608: 6576: 6475: 6460: 6440: 6205: 6170: 6132: 6046: 6009: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5896: 5853: 5838: 5816: 5741: 5579: 5559: 5478: 5346: 5341: 5311: 3542:. Vol. 2. Practising Law Institute. 2004 – via Google Books. 3190: 3139: 3012: 2973: 2861: 2816: 2485: 2281: 2277: 2014: 1991: 1941: 1876: 1617: 1588: 1576: 1512: 1454: 1148: 1143: 670: 470: 9330: 9105: 9070: 8996: 8949: 8879: 8849: 8779: 8524: 8469: 8444: 8409: 7898: 7828: 7197: 7097: 7017: 6831: 6516: 5870: 5771: 5731: 5701: 5622: 5458: 5421: 4874:

Employment with a Human Face: Balancing Efficiency, Equity, and Voice

3609: 3335: 2885: 2779: 2705: 2512: 2413:, i.e. the ratio of employed persons (15–24Y) in an economy to total 2242: 1987: 1909: 1757: 1699: 1603: 1540: 1263: 1004: 999: 520: 451: 31: 4156:"Arbeitnehmerüberlassung aus Deutschland im Bereich des Baugewerbes" 4131:"Zeitarbeit = Leiharbeit: häufige Fragen – Bundesagentur für Arbeit" 9450: 9440: 9375: 9350: 9290: 7677: 6931: 5989: 5979: 5911: 5906: 5875: 5721: 5676: 5554: 5549: 5453: 5331: 4998:

Property and Contract in Economics: The Case for Economic Democracy

4545:"Why is youth unemployment so high and different across countries?" 2153: 1917: 1890: 1765: 1691: 1552: 1118: 2021:", politics will be "the shadow cast on society by big business". 934: 9476: 9275: 8830: 8692: 6561: 6511: 6250: 6200: 5984: 5689: 5373: 3144: 2877: 2841: 2812: 2516: 2492: 2085: 2003: 1932:

of the employer, except for special cases such as the vesting of

1894: 1621: 1568: 1293: 4735:

Theoretical Perspectives on Work and the Employment Relationship

2876:, or as property of the person or entity they work for, such as 9506: 8484: 6685: 6033: 5672: 2836:

In some countries, individuals who are not working can receive

2796: 2508: 2181:

According to Swedish law, there are three types of employment.

2093: 2007: 1898: 1881: 1864: 1860: 1761: 1544: 1241: 854: 5242:. Statistics and databases. International Labour Organization. 4001:"Kollegen anstellen: Was beim Arbeitsvertrag zu beachten ist!" 3259: 2981:

authorities. Self-employed people are usually classified as a

8264: 6546: 5246: 4641: 4275:"Brown v. J. Kaz, Inc., No. 08-2713 (3d Cir. Sept. 11, 2009)" 4209:(in German), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 361–368, 3654: 3652: 3650: 3648: 2524: 2504: 2481: 2142: 2069: 2068:

Bangladesh Association of International Recruiting Agencies (

1886: 1251: 7166: 3676: 3664: 3266:(4th ed.). Cengage Learning Australia. pp. 30–31. 6586: 6029: 4201:

Stieglmeier, Jacqueline (2005), Hök, Götz-Sebastian (ed.),

2720: 1948: 1925: 1712: 1551:

between the parties. Employees in some sectors may receive

1536: 5145:(5th ed.). Milton, Qld: John Wiley. pp. 412–14. 4107:"Zeitarbeit: Infos und Stellen | Bundesagentur für Arbeit" 3645: 3558:. Vol. 52. West Group. 2009 – via Google Books. 3509: 2017:

posited that until "industrial feudalism" is replaced by "

9486: 5564: 5097: 4972:

The World of Work: Industrial Society and Human Relations

3905:(in German), Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, pp. 127–135, 2739: 2338:

Government employment as % of total employment in EU

4207:

Handbuch des internationalen und ausländischen Baurechts

2654: 2628:

Growth episodes associated with no fall in poverty rates

2357:

benefits. However, in September 2009, the court case of

1539:, which can be paid on the basis of an hourly rate, by 6256:

List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents

4799: 4797: 4795: 4787:

Sage Handbook of Handbook of Human Resource Management

4338:

Claire Melamed, Renate Hartwig and Ursula Grant 2011.

4153: 1628:

and who does not provide these services as part of an

1612:

contributes labour and expertise to an endeavor of an

5188:(3rd ed.). Milton, Qld: Wiley. pp. 355–57. 5072:"Globalization and Employment: Is Anxiety Justified?" 2719:

They found that most available literature focuses on

2603:

Growth episodes associated with falling poverty rates

4817:

Blattman, Christopher; Annan, Jeannie (2016-02-01).

3513:

Employment Law: Private Ordering and Its Limitations

3468: 4792: 3727: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3476:(Report). J. B. Lyon Company. pp. 11, 50, 144. 2867: 2515:, but the negative impact is beginning to show. In 5041: 4969: 3879:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2008-03-19 1998:. Socialists draw parallels between the trade of 9585: 4976:. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall. p. 4919: 4748:Beyond Contract: Work, Power and Trust Relations 3688: 3299: 2010:is also known to have suggested such parallels. 8450:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 4154:Auer, M.; Egglmeier-Schmolke, B. (2009-10-01). 3489: 3422:"Overview of Independent Contractor Guidelines" 3399:Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v. Superior Court 2056:Australian employment has been governed by the 1670: 5186:Organisational Behaviour: A Global Perspective 4891:"Why Workplace Democracy Can Be Good Business" 4363:"Contract types and employer responsibilities" 3217: 2323:All employees, private industries, by branches 2307:List of largest employers in the United States 1947:In modern mixed economies such as that of the 1912:and an employer, where the worker sells their 8980: 8280: 7182: 5262: 5014: 4816: 4463:. CDC NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic 3896: 3584: 2918:The examples and perspective in this article 2037:leading cause of death in the United States. 1679: 1486: 891: 4772:Befort, Stephen F. and Budd, John W. (2009) 4737:, Industrial Relations Research Association. 4574:"When It Comes to Work, How Old Is Too Old?" 3873:"House of Reps seals 'death' of WorkChoices" 3337:The entrepreneur's guide to law and strategy 3218:Dakin, Stephen; Armstrong, J. Scott (1989). 2315:Independent contracting in the United States 2250:worker confined to a small workstation/booth 1523:, one party, the employer, which might be a 4200: 2806: 2716:, they found impact growth to be positive. 1727: 8987: 8973: 8287: 8273: 7189: 7175: 5269: 5255: 5240:"Overview and topics of labour statistics" 5118: 3658: 3403:, vol. 4, April 30, 2018, p. 903 2088:, formal complaints can be brought to the 1582: 1493: 1479: 898: 884: 16:Relationship between employee and employer 8994: 6998:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 4635: 4612: 4571: 4556: 4244:"AÜG – nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis" 4016: 3446:"Employer Liability for Employee Conduct" 2956:Learn how and when to remove this message 1814: 1635: 6842:Job losses caused by the Great Recession 5519:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates 5159: 5048:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 5036: 5022:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 4992: 4941: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 3844: 3804: 3699: 3682: 3670: 3639: 3490:Deakin, Simon; Wilkinson, Frank (2005). 3329: 3327: 3023:Career-oriented social networking market 2856:Workers who are not paid wages, such as 2542:argue that there are differences across 2475: 2404: 2333: 2318: 2241: 1920:. These transactions usually occur in a 1880: 1731: 7023:Credentialism and educational inflation 5166:The Making of the English Working Class 4913: 4888: 4703: 4542: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 3816: 3706:Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor 3202: 2491:Employment is no guarantee of escaping 1826: 1642:Independent contractor (disambiguation) 9586: 6894:List of countries by unemployment rate 4884: 4882: 4713:. Crown Publishing Group. p. 62. 3333: 2740:Globalization and employment relations 2695: 2400: 2040: 2027:investment theory of party competition 1916:under a formal or informal employment 1575:. Employment is typically governed by 8968: 8268: 7170: 5250: 5140: 4967: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4806:https://partnerplatform.org/?7ljwndv4 4761:Sage Handbook of Industrial Relations 4590: 4532:https://partnerplatform.org/?fza26891 4483: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4451: 4449: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 3800: 3798: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3578: 3562: 3546: 3516:. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. 3503: 3485: 3483: 3324: 2897:These paragraphs are an excerpt from 2655:Models of the employment relationship 2427:Young workers are at higher risk for 2395: 1831:Employees can organize into trade or 5787:Practice-based professional learning 5183: 4665: 4489:"Work-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes" 4395:, 754 F.2d 747, 750 (7th Cir. 1985). 4301: 3998: 3608: 3530: 3295: 3293: 3227:International Journal of Forecasting 3213: 3211: 2904: 2831: 2759:International competition, from the 2462: 2345:Employees are often contrasted with 1838: 1802: 6340:Workers' right to access the toilet 5069: 4879: 4572:Chosewood, L. Casey (May 3, 2011). 3008:Alternative employment arrangements 2096:, grievances can be filed with the 1936:patents in the United States where 1624:on a regular basis in exchange for 1579:, organisation or legal contracts. 1169:Workers' right to access the toilet 13: 4857: 4636:Henderson, Kaitlyn (May 3, 2023). 4578:NIOSH: Workplace Safety and Health 4474: 4446: 4298:Lag om anställningsskydd (1982:80) 4260: 3795: 3626: 3597: 3539:Annual Institute on Employment Law 3480: 2891: 2192:Time limited employment (Swedish: 2171:Department of Labor and Employment 14: 9605: 5203: 5124:The Tradition of Workers' Control 4889:Rayasam, Renuka (24 April 2008). 4823:American Political Science Review 4543:Pastore, Francesco (2018-01-23). 4410:United States Department of Labor 3845:McGregor, Jena (March 22, 2018). 3290: 3208: 2497:International Labour Organization 2370:United States Department of Labor 2311:Labor unions in the United States 2237: 2169:, employment is regulated by the 9542: 9541: 7712:neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis 7111: 7110: 6404:Corporate collapses and scandals 4457:"Young Worker Safety and Health" 2909: 2868:Indentured servitude and slavery 2296: 2124:. Another employment setting is 2098:Commission des normes du travail 1064:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 933: 865: 853: 38: 4927:. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 4810: 4779: 4766: 4753: 4740: 4727: 4697: 4659: 4629: 4584: 4565: 4536: 4523: 4502: 4428: 4398: 4386: 4377: 4355: 4292: 4236: 4194: 4147: 4123: 4099: 4074: 4049: 4025: 3992: 3956: 3932: 3890: 3865: 3838: 3810: 3786: 3772: 3752: 2851: 2785: 2568:Growth, employment and poverty 2471: 1969: 1889:for a water treatment plant in 1751: 140:Concepts, theory and techniques 8294: 6904:Employment-to-population ratio 6276:Occupational health psychology 5276: 4593:Journal of Economic Psychology 4351:Overseas Development Institute 4203:"Internationales Arbeitsrecht" 3824:. HarperBusiness. p. 38. 3585:Ellie Kaufman (May 19, 2018). 3462: 3438: 3414: 3389: 3362: 3253: 2790: 2761:newly industrialized countries 2678:Pluralist industrial relations 2540:Overseas Development Institute 2423:Young worker safety and health 2160: 1519:services. Usually based on a 1508:is a relationship between two 1114:Occupational safety and health 1109:Occupational safety and health 1: 8816:Critique of political economy 7648:Critique of political economy 7196: 6992:Works Progress Administration 6884:Unemployment Convention, 1919 6296:Personal protective equipment 5844:Occupational Outlook Handbook 2409:Youth employment rate in the 2063: 1870: 1237:Chronological list of strikes 8400:History of capitalist theory 7073:Psychopathy in the workplace 6246:Human factors and ergonomics 5018:; Goroff, Daniel L. (2009). 4896:U.S. News & World Report 4776:, Stanford University Press. 4082:"Arbeitsvertrag (Befristet)" 3911:10.1007/978-3-322-99402-8_13 3493:The Law of the Labour Market 3334:Bagley, Constance E (2017). 3239:10.1016/0169-2070(89)90086-1 3070:Equal opportunity employment 2199:Normal employment (Swedish: 2051: 1671:Employer–worker relationship 7: 7058:Narcissism in the workplace 6271:Occupational exposure limit 5082:(5): 485–98. Archived from 5076:International Labour Review 4876:, Cornell University Press. 3375:Legal Information Institute 3000: 2932:, discuss the issue on the 2148: 2032:American business theorist 1529:not-for-profit organization 10: 9610: 9066:Counterproductive behavior 7786:Real business-cycle theory 6987:Civil Works Administration 6869:Technological unemployment 6345:Workplace health promotion 5797:Professional certification 5494:Personality–job fit theory 5141:Stone, Raymond J. (2005). 5070:Lee, Eddy (January 1996). 4951:Princeton University Press 4605:10.1016/j.joep.2016.10.002 4517:NIOSH Publication 2013-152 4496:NIOSH Publication 2013-153 4248:www.gesetze-im-internet.de 4057:"Links zu Musterverträgen" 4037:www.gesetze-im-internet.de 3944:www.gesetze-im-internet.de 3499:. Oxford University Press. 2896: 2420: 2300: 2185:Test employment (Swedish: 2135: 2103: 2044: 1979: 1973: 1874: 1698:) and online, also called 1686:Application for employment 1683: 1680:Labor acquisition / hiring 1639: 1593: 1586: 9540: 9459: 9003: 8843: 8797: 8733: 8644: 8493: 8435:Multinational corporation 8312: 8302: 8226: 8184: 7826: 7560: 7309: 7274: 7204: 7106: 7005: 6967:Guaranteed minimum income 6924: 6765: 6639: 6552:Organizational commitment 6504: 6396: 6363: 6226: 6151: 6028: 5950: 5884: 5671: 5593: 5537: 5387: 5284: 5143:Human Resource Management 5126:. London: Freedom Press. 5112:10.1108/01425450210420884 4835:10.1017/S0003055415000520 4733:Kaufman, Bruce E. (2004) 4172:10.1007/s00738-009-0718-x 4033:"§ 611a BGB – Einzelnorm" 4018:10.1007/s00092-017-1358-0 3765:Dictionary.com Unabridged 3555:New York Jurisprudence 2d 3526:– via Google Books. 3300:Robert A. Ristau (2010). 3130:List of largest employers 2672:Human resource management 2567: 2387:created in 1955, and the 2194:Tidsbegränsad anställning 2176: 2075: 2013:The American philosopher 1930:undifferentiated property 1596:List of largest employers 1200:International comparisons 1134:Right to rest and leisure 1074:Employment discrimination 9568:Aspects of organizations 9216:Hostile work environment 8760:Labor market flexibility 7136:Aspects of organizations 6817:Involuntary unemployment 6378:Equal pay for equal work 6301:Repetitive strain injury 5802:Professional development 5792:Professional association 5474:Letter of recommendation 4519:. NIOSH. September 2013. 4498:. NIOSH. September 2013. 4215:10.1007/3-540-27450-2_24 3940:"§ 631 BGB – Einzelnorm" 3711:Harvard University Press 3075:Equal pay for equal work 2807:Post-secondary education 2447:Fair Labor Standards Act 2389:Change to Win Federation 2223:There are no laws about 2131: 1741:Training and development 1728:Training and development 1587:Not to be confused with 985:Social movement unionism 128:JEL classification codes 9553:Aspects of corporations 9341:Quality of working life 9031:Artificial intelligence 8905:Individualist anarchism 7426:Industrial organization 7256:Computational economics 7121:Aspects of corporations 7083:Slow movement (culture) 6962:Employer of last resort 6864:Structural unemployment 6802:Frictional unemployment 6241:Epilepsy and employment 6128:Performance-related pay 6062:National average salary 5975:996 working hour system 4677:Oxford University Press 4393:United States v. Latham 3968:Recht – Schnell Erfasst 3619:Wage Labour and Capital 3263:WHS: A Management Guide 2725:middle-income countries 2438:motor vehicle accidents 2347:independent contractors 2303:United States labor law 2126:Arbeitnehmerüberlassung 1908:relationship between a 1855:, is referred to as an 1704:recruitment consultants 1653:independent contractors 1583:Employees and employers 1195:Trade union federations 1190:Trade unions by country 314:Industrial organization 171:Computational economics 9563:Aspects of occupations 8870:Collectivist anarchism 8785:Social venture capital 8755:Freedom of association 7631:Modern monetary theory 7296:Experimental economics 7266:Pluralism in economics 7251:Mathematical economics 7131:Aspects of occupations 6937:Unemployment insurance 6889:Unemployment extension 6664:Constructive dismissal 6471:Sleeping while on duty 6436:Exploitation of labour 6318:Sick building syndrome 5489:Person–environment fit 5359:Independent contractor 5221:"Labor and Employment" 5184:Wood, Jack M. (2004). 4968:Dubin, Robert (1958). 3999:Höhl, Rebekka (2017). 3186:Universal basic income 2989:, or as a member of a 2987:independent contractor 2488: 2418: 2355:unemployment insurance 2339: 2324: 2251: 2201:Tillsvidareanställning 2025:has postulated in his 1982:Exploitation of labour 1901: 1820:Organizational justice 1815:Organizational justice 1737: 1696:classified advertising 1636:Independent contractor 1515:the provision of paid 1094:Freedom of association 166:Experimental economics 9301:Performance appraisal 9051:Computer surveillance 8935:Post-scarcity economy 8910:Libertarian socialism 8895:Free-market socialism 8826:Market fundamentalism 8811:Capitalist propaganda 8405:Industrial Revolution 8320:Anarchy of production 7141:Aspects of workplaces 6879:Unemployment benefits 6874:Types of unemployment 6859:Reserve army of labor 6812:Graduate unemployment 6706:Letter of resignation 6335:Workers' compensation 6328:Occupational fatality 5832:Vocational university 5432:Employment counsellor 5216:on 29 September 2012) 5169:. New York: Vintage. 4872:Budd, John W. (2004) 4580:. Medscape and NIOSH. 4345:May 20, 2011, at the 4160:Baurechtliche Blätter 4135:www.arbeitsagentur.de 4111:www.arbeitsagentur.de 4086:IHK Frankfurt am Main 4061:IHK Frankfurt am Main 3976:10.1007/3-540-32544-1 3196:Work (human activity) 3170:Reserve army of labor 3160:Protestant work ethic 3135:Lump of labor fallacy 3043:Employer registration 2527:and social scientist 2479: 2408: 2377:collective bargaining 2359:Brown v. J. Kaz, Inc. 2337: 2329:Internal Revenue Code 2322: 2245: 2092:. In the province of 1934:intellectual property 1884: 1735: 1684:Further information: 1594:Further information: 1079:Employment protection 1059:Collective bargaining 965:Exploitation of labor 9446:Workplace harassment 9436:Work–family conflict 9151:Employee recognition 8390:Financial Revolution 8355:Economic development 7505:Social choice theory 7261:Behavioral economics 6947:Job creation program 6723:Mandatory retirement 6676:Employee offboarding 6496:Workplace incivility 6491:Workplace harassment 6266:Occupational disease 6261:Occupational burnout 6176:Disability insurance 6020:Workweek and weekend 6000:Retroactive overtime 5822:Vocational education 5737:Continuing education 5575:Permanent employment 5120:Ostergaard, Geoffrey 4914:General bibliography 4750:, Farber and Farber. 4416:on 27 September 2012 3470:J. Mayhew Wainwright 3340:. Cengage Learning. 3203:Notes and references 2938:create a new article 2930:improve this article 2920:may not represent a 2746:employment relations 2685:industrial relations 2433:occupational hazards 2351:workers compensation 2019:industrial democracy 1827:Workforce organizing 1630:independent business 1573:disability insurance 1440:Industrial relations 1429:Academic disciplines 1025:National-syndicalism 995:Democratic socialism 393:Social choice theory 9316:Positive psychology 9211:Health surveillance 9141:Employee monitoring 9136:Employee experience 9131:Employee engagement 9126:Employee assistance 9111:Effects of overtime 9016:Abusive supervision 8865:Anarcho-syndicalism 8860:Anarcho-primitivism 8745:Economic inequality 8360:Economic liberalism 7589:American (National) 7289:Economic statistics 6852:Recession-proof job 6847:Lists of recessions 6785:Economic depression 6733:Retirement planning 6614:Work–life interface 6451:Employee monitoring 6419:Corporate behaviour 6409:Accounting scandals 6291:Occupational stress 6281:Occupational injury 5812:Reflective practice 5807:Professional school 5529:Work-at-home scheme 5449:Induction programme 5427:Employment contract 5407:Business networking 5212:(archived from the 5016:Freeman, Richard B. 4943:Anderson, Elizabeth 4710:Poverty, by America 4679:. pp. 4, 121. 4558:10.15185/izawol.420 4383:26 U.S.C. § 3401(c) 3851:The Washington Post 3739:merriam-webster.com 3150:Personnel selection 2874:indentured servants 2821:professional school 2696:Academic literature 2538:Researchers at the 2503:. For instance, in 2429:occupational injury 2401:Younger age workers 2363:discrimination laws 2291:Zero-hour contracts 2259:Fixed-term contract 2047:Employment contract 2041:Employment contract 2002:as a commodity and 1600:List of professions 1020:Anarcho-syndicalism 860:Business portal 181:Operations research 161:National accounting 9346:Queen bee syndrome 8885:Economic democracy 8706:Private foundation 7115:See also templates 6952:Job creation index 6916:Youth unemployment 6780:Discouraged worker 6669:Wrongful dismissal 6649:At-will employment 6522:Civil conscription 6486:Workplace bullying 6373:Affirmative action 6355:Workplace wellness 6286:Occupational noise 5922:Long service leave 5782:Overspecialization 5762:Induction training 5717:Career development 5100:Employee Relations 4994:Ellerman, David P. 4549:IZA World of Labor 3058:Employment website 2985:(or sole trader), 2489: 2457:Youth unemployment 2419: 2396:Age-related issues 2340: 2325: 2269:part-time contract 2252: 2213:lack of work tasks 2090:Ministry of Labour 1904:Wage labor is the 1902: 1885:Worker assembling 1845:at-will employment 1797:New York State law 1738: 1690:The main ways for 1129:Professional abuse 191:Industrial complex 186:Middle income trap 9581: 9580: 9306:Personality clash 9251:Kiss up kick down 8962: 8961: 8855:Anarcho-communism 8726:Spontaneous order 8721:Social alienation 8678:Economic mobility 8365:Economic planning 8262: 8261: 7793:New institutional 7164: 7163: 7063:Post-work society 7043:Kiss up kick down 6775:Barriers to entry 6740:Severance package 6572:Human trafficking 6466:Sexual harassment 6446:Employee handbook 6365:Equal opportunity 6228:Safety and health 6218:Take-home vehicle 5827:Vocational school 5777:Lifelong learning 5752:Further education 5712:Career counseling 5707:Career assessment 5484:Overqualification 5195:978-0-470-80262-5 5176:978-0-394-70322-0 5152:978-0-470-80403-2 5133:978-0-900384-91-2 5029:978-0-226-26189-8 4960:978-0-691-17651-2 4949:. Princeton, NJ: 4934:978-3-7908-1915-1 4746:Fox, Alan (1974) 4667:Rank, Mark Robert 4224:978-3-540-27450-6 3920:978-3-322-99402-8 3831:978-0-06-280092-3 3720:978-0-674-15416-2 3709:. Cambridge, MA: 3701:Lazonick, William 3523:978-1-5438-0106-4 3347:978-1-285-42849-9 3317:978-0-538-74066-1 3303:Intro to Business 3273:978-0-17-027079-3 3155:Post-work society 3085:Faithless servant 3038:Employer branding 2966: 2965: 2958: 2940:, as appropriate. 2838:social assistance 2832:Social assistance 2652: 2651: 2463:Older age workers 2431:and face certain 2082:Canadian province 1960:class assignments 1839:Ending employment 1808:Employee benefits 1803:Employee benefits 1789:faithless servant 1503: 1502: 1460:Post-work society 1289:Solidarity action 1099:Legal working age 955:Conflict theories 908: 907: 9601: 9545: 9544: 9261:Machiavellianism 9206:Health promotion 9161:Employee surveys 9156:Employee silence 8989: 8982: 8975: 8966: 8965: 8945:Social anarchism 8920:Market socialism 8915:Market anarchism 8821:Critique of work 8711:Private property 8673:Economic freedom 8668:Decentralization 8646:Cultural aspects 8607:Regulated market 8385:Financial crisis 8370:Entrepreneurship 8289: 8282: 8275: 8266: 8265: 7466:Natural resource 7301:Economic history 7239:Mechanism design 7191: 7184: 7177: 7168: 7167: 7151:Critique of work 7146:Corporate titles 7114: 7113: 7033:Evil corporation 6899:Employment rates 6822:Jobless recovery 6790:Great Depression 6750:Golden parachute 6745:Golden handshake 6542:Job satisfaction 6532:Critique of work 6350:Workplace phobia 6181:Health insurance 6138:Wage compression 6106:Progressive wage 5960:35-hour workweek 5927:No call, no show 5917:Leave of absence 5767:Knowledge worker 5695:Master craftsman 5499:Personality hire 5437:Executive search 5417:Curriculum vitae 5402:Background check 5271: 5264: 5257: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5199: 5180: 5156: 5137: 5115: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5047: 5038:Ferguson, Thomas 5033: 5011: 4989: 4975: 4964: 4938: 4921:Acocella, Nicola 4908: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4886: 4877: 4870: 4855: 4854: 4814: 4808: 4801: 4790: 4783: 4777: 4770: 4764: 4757: 4751: 4744: 4738: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4705:Desmond, Matthew 4701: 4695: 4694: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4650: 4648: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4616: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4540: 4534: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4514: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4493: 4485: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4468: 4453: 4444: 4443: 4438:. Archived from 4432: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4412:. Archived from 4402: 4396: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4359: 4353: 4336: 4299: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4286: 4277:. Archived from 4271: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4117: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4093: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4043: 4029: 4023: 4022: 4020: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3950: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3928: 3927: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3884: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3818:Pfeffer, Jeffrey 3814: 3808: 3802: 3793: 3790: 3784: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3697: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3643: 3637: 3624: 3623: 3606: 3595: 3594: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3487: 3478: 3477: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3456: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3432: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3402: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3331: 3322: 3321: 3308:Cengage Learning 3297: 3288: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3224: 3215: 3176:Salary inversion 3110:Jobless recovery 3033:Domestic inquiry 3028:Critique of work 2961: 2954: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2913: 2912: 2905: 2825:opportunity cost 2565: 2564: 2544:economic sectors 2529:Mark Robert Rank 2205:Fast anställning 1976:Labour economics 1746:job satisfaction 1706:which receive a 1565:health insurance 1549:bargaining power 1495: 1488: 1481: 1435:Critique of work 1279:Pen-down strikes 990:Social democracy 937: 927: 917: 910: 909: 900: 893: 886: 872:Money portal 870: 869: 868: 858: 857: 354:Natural resource 146:Economic systems 42: 19: 18: 9609: 9608: 9604: 9603: 9602: 9600: 9599: 9598: 9584: 9583: 9582: 9577: 9558:Aspects of jobs 9536: 9497:Labour movement 9455: 9396:Toxic workplace 9366:Robotics safety 9296:Parkinson's law 9286:Office politics 9271:Micromanagement 9146:Employee morale 9116:Emotional labor 9101:Divide and rule 9076:Culture of fear 8999: 8993: 8963: 8958: 8940:Sharing economy 8930:Post-capitalism 8900:Green anarchism 8839: 8806:Anti-capitalism 8793: 8729: 8640: 8632:State-sponsored 8489: 8465:Property rights 8440:Nationalization 8350:Economic bubble 8308: 8298: 8293: 8263: 8258: 8255:Business portal 8222: 8221: 8220: 8180: 7944:von Böhm-Bawerk 7832: 7831: 7822: 7594:Ancient thought 7572: 7571: 7565: 7556: 7555: 7554: 7305: 7270: 7234:Contract theory 7219:Decision theory 7200: 7195: 7165: 7160: 7156:Organized labor 7126:Aspects of jobs 7102: 7093:Toxic workplace 7028:Emotional labor 7001: 6925:Public programs 6920: 6837:Great Recession 6807:Full employment 6795:Long Depression 6761: 6659:Banishment room 6635: 6557:Refusal of work 6500: 6424:Corporate crime 6392: 6359: 6222: 6147: 6024: 5946: 5880: 5757:Graduate school 5667: 5589: 5533: 5524:Underemployment 5383: 5327:Self-employment 5302:Contingent work 5292:Academic tenure 5285:Classifications 5280: 5275: 5238: 5230: 5228: 5219: 5206: 5196: 5177: 5161:Thompson, E. P. 5153: 5134: 5089: 5087: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5030: 5008: 4961: 4935: 4916: 4911: 4901: 4899: 4887: 4880: 4871: 4858: 4815: 4811: 4802: 4793: 4784: 4780: 4771: 4767: 4758: 4754: 4745: 4741: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4702: 4698: 4687: 4664: 4660: 4646: 4644: 4634: 4630: 4589: 4585: 4570: 4566: 4541: 4537: 4528: 4524: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4491: 4487: 4486: 4475: 4466: 4464: 4455: 4454: 4447: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4368: 4366: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4347:Wayback Machine 4337: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4284: 4282: 4273: 4272: 4261: 4252: 4250: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4199: 4195: 4152: 4148: 4139: 4137: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4115: 4113: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4091: 4089: 4080: 4079: 4075: 4066: 4064: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4041: 4039: 4031: 4030: 4026: 3997: 3993: 3986: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3948: 3946: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3895: 3891: 3882: 3880: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3856: 3854: 3843: 3839: 3832: 3815: 3811: 3803: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3777: 3773: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3743: 3741: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3721: 3698: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3659:Ostergaard 1997 3657: 3646: 3638: 3627: 3607: 3598: 3583: 3579: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3488: 3481: 3467: 3463: 3454: 3452: 3444: 3443: 3439: 3430: 3428: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3406: 3404: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3381: 3379: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3348: 3332: 3325: 3318: 3298: 3291: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3258: 3254: 3222: 3216: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3181:Staffing models 3165:Refusal of work 3115:Labor economics 3100:Job description 3064:The End of Work 3053:Employment rate 3003: 2998: 2997: 2983:sole proprietor 2969:Self-employment 2962: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2927: 2914: 2910: 2902: 2899:Self-employment 2894: 2892:Self-employment 2870: 2854: 2840:support (e.g., 2834: 2809: 2801:punk subculture 2793: 2788: 2742: 2714:food processing 2698: 2662:working classes 2657: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2597: 2595: 2590: 2588: 2583: 2581: 2576: 2556:services sector 2533:Matthew Desmond 2474: 2465: 2425: 2403: 2398: 2317: 2299: 2240: 2209:personal reason 2187:Provanställning 2179: 2163: 2151: 2140: 2138:Labour in India 2134: 2106: 2078: 2066: 2054: 2049: 2043: 2034:Jeffrey Pfeffer 2023:Thomas Ferguson 1984: 1978: 1972: 1879: 1873: 1857:employment bond 1841: 1829: 1817: 1805: 1754: 1730: 1688: 1682: 1673: 1645: 1638: 1606: 1592: 1585: 1577:employment laws 1499: 1470: 1469: 1465:Refusal of work 1445:Labor economics 1430: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1325: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1304:Wildcat strikes 1299:Whipsaw strikes 1284:Sitdown strikes 1231: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1185: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1159:Toxic workplace 1043: 1033: 1032: 1029: 947: 926:Organized labor 925: 915: 904: 866: 864: 852: 845: 844: 815: 805: 804: 803: 802: 566:von Böhm-Bawerk 454: 443: 442: 204: 196: 195: 151:Economic growth 141: 133: 132: 74: 72:classifications 17: 12: 11: 5: 9607: 9597: 9596: 9579: 9578: 9576: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9549: 9547: 9538: 9537: 9535: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9463: 9461: 9457: 9456: 9454: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9091:Discrimination 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9007: 9005: 9001: 9000: 8992: 8991: 8984: 8977: 8969: 8960: 8959: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8845: 8841: 8840: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8735: 8734:Social aspects 8731: 8730: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8658:American Dream 8655: 8650: 8648: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8495: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8420:Market failure 8417: 8415:Market economy 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8375:Ecopreneurship 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8330:Centralization 8327: 8325:Business cycle 8322: 8316: 8314: 8310: 8309: 8303: 8300: 8299: 8292: 8291: 8284: 8277: 8269: 8260: 8259: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8224: 8223: 8219: 8218: 8213: 8203: 8198: 8192: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8178: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7835: 7833: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7778: 7777: 7776: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7733: 7732: 7731: 7730: 7720: 7715: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7658:Disequilibrium 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7634: 7633: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7607: 7606: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7575: 7573: 7561: 7558: 7557: 7553: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7471:Organizational 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7292: 7291: 7280: 7278: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7246:Macroeconomics 7243: 7242: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7214:Microeconomics 7210: 7208: 7202: 7201: 7194: 7193: 7186: 7179: 7171: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7117: 7116: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7078:Sunday scaries 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7009: 7007: 7003: 7002: 6995: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6928: 6926: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6907: 6906: 6901: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6829: 6827:Phillips curve 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6798: 6797: 6792: 6782: 6777: 6771: 6769: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6730: 6728:Retirement age 6725: 6715: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6681:Exit interview 6678: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6651: 6645: 6643: 6637: 6636: 6634: 6633: 6628: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6611: 6606: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6431:Discrimination 6428: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6400: 6398: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6390: 6385: 6383:Gender pay gap 6380: 6375: 6369: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6331: 6330: 6320: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6232: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6215: 6214: 6213: 6203: 6198: 6196:Parental leave 6193: 6191:Marriage leave 6188: 6186:Life insurance 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6157: 6155: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6103: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6076: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6042:Income bracket 6038: 6036: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5970:Eight-hour day 5967: 5962: 5956: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5729: 5727:Creative class 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5698: 5697: 5687: 5685:Apprenticeship 5681: 5679: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5653:Scarlet-collar 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5599: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5541: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5393: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5369:Temporary work 5366: 5361: 5356: 5355: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5337:Skilled worker 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5274: 5273: 5266: 5259: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5236: 5217: 5205: 5204:External links 5202: 5201: 5200: 5194: 5181: 5175: 5157: 5151: 5138: 5132: 5116: 5095: 5067: 5054: 5034: 5028: 5012: 5006: 4990: 4965: 4959: 4939: 4933: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4878: 4856: 4809: 4791: 4778: 4765: 4752: 4739: 4726: 4719: 4696: 4686:978-0190212636 4685: 4658: 4628: 4583: 4564: 4535: 4522: 4501: 4473: 4445: 4442:on 2014-11-17. 4427: 4397: 4385: 4376: 4354: 4300: 4291: 4259: 4235: 4223: 4193: 4146: 4122: 4098: 4073: 4048: 4024: 3991: 3984: 3964:"Arbeitsrecht" 3955: 3931: 3919: 3889: 3864: 3837: 3830: 3809: 3794: 3785: 3771: 3768:(Online). n.d. 3751: 3726: 3719: 3713:. p. 37. 3687: 3685:, p. 912. 3675: 3673:, p. 599. 3663: 3661:, p. 133. 3644: 3625: 3596: 3577: 3561: 3545: 3529: 3522: 3502: 3479: 3461: 3437: 3413: 3388: 3361: 3346: 3323: 3316: 3310:. p. 74. 3289: 3272: 3252: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3080:Ethnic Penalty 3077: 3072: 3067: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3048:Employment gap 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2964: 2963: 2946:September 2023 2924:of the subject 2922:worldwide view 2917: 2915: 2908: 2903: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2869: 2866: 2853: 2850: 2833: 2830: 2808: 2805: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2775: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2741: 2738: 2697: 2694: 2689: 2688: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2599: 2592: 2585: 2578: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2473: 2470: 2464: 2461: 2421:Main article: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2293: 2288: 2275: 2272: 2262: 2239: 2238:United Kingdom 2236: 2232:Timanställning 2225:minimum salary 2221: 2220: 2197: 2190: 2178: 2175: 2162: 2159: 2150: 2147: 2136:Main article: 2133: 2130: 2114:Arbeitsvertrag 2105: 2102: 2077: 2074: 2065: 2062: 2053: 2050: 2045:Main article: 2042: 2039: 1974:Main article: 1971: 1968: 1875:Main article: 1872: 1869: 1840: 1837: 1828: 1825: 1816: 1813: 1804: 1801: 1753: 1750: 1729: 1726: 1681: 1678: 1672: 1669: 1637: 1634: 1584: 1581: 1557:bonus payments 1501: 1500: 1498: 1497: 1490: 1483: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1411:United Kingdom 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1254: 1247:General strike 1244: 1239: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1216: 1215: 1210: 1204: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1186: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1069:Eight-hour day 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 951: 948: 945:Labor movement 943: 942: 939: 938: 930: 929: 921: 920: 906: 905: 903: 902: 895: 888: 880: 877: 876: 875: 874: 862: 847: 846: 843: 842: 837: 827: 822: 816: 811: 810: 807: 806: 801: 800: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 457: 456: 455: 449: 448: 445: 444: 441: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 359:Organizational 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 205: 203:By application 202: 201: 198: 197: 194: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 142: 139: 138: 135: 134: 131: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 96: 91: 86: 81: 75: 69: 68: 65: 64: 63: 62: 57: 52: 44: 43: 35: 34: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9606: 9595: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9550: 9548: 9539: 9533: 9532:Whistleblower 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9522:Strike action 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9458: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9371:Role conflict 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9356:Relationships 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9061:Control freak 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8990: 8985: 8983: 8978: 8976: 8971: 8970: 8967: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8890:Eco-socialism 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8842: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8796: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8732: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8683:Individualism 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8542: 8541:Laissez-faire 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8505:Authoritarian 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8492: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8455:Privatization 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8425:Merchantilism 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8395:Globalization 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8317: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8301: 8297: 8290: 8285: 8283: 8278: 8276: 8271: 8270: 8267: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8225: 8217: 8214: 8211: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8189: 8187: 8183: 8177: 8176: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7839:de Mandeville 7837: 7836: 7834: 7830: 7825: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7787: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7781:New classical 7779: 7775: 7772: 7771: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7737:Malthusianism 7735: 7729: 7726: 7725: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7713: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7698:Institutional 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7632: 7629: 7628: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7605: 7602: 7601: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7502: 7501:Public choice 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7476:Participation 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7436:Institutional 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7386:Expeditionary 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7376:Environmental 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7318: 7314: 7312: 7308: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7215: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7192: 7187: 7185: 7180: 7178: 7173: 7172: 7169: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7118: 7109: 7108: 7105: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7053:Make-work job 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6999: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6972:Right to work 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6957:Job guarantee 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6942:Make-work job 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6764: 6758: 6755: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6742: 6741: 6738: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6720: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6713:Restructuring 6711: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6691:Notice period 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6638: 6632: 6629: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6616: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6503: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6481:Whistleblower 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6414:Control fraud 6412: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6388:Glass ceiling 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6323:Work accident 6321: 6319: 6316: 6312: 6311:United States 6309: 6308: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6216: 6212: 6211:United States 6209: 6208: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6166:Casual Friday 6164: 6162: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6150: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6123:Paid time off 6121: 6119: 6118:Overtime rate 6116: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6104: 6100: 6099:United States 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6080: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6064: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5965:Four-day week 5963: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5856: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5849:Practice firm 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5747:Employability 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5648:Orange-collar 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5595:Working class 5592: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5469:Job interview 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5322:Part-time job 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5307:Full-time job 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5272: 5267: 5265: 5260: 5258: 5253: 5252: 5249: 5241: 5237: 5227:on 2009-06-12 5226: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5211: 5210:Business Link 5208: 5207: 5197: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5148: 5144: 5139: 5135: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5106:(2): 129–50. 5105: 5101: 5096: 5086:on 2013-05-16 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5068: 5057: 5055:0-226-24317-6 5051: 5046: 5045: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5007:1-55786-309-1 5003: 5000:. Blackwell. 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4974: 4973: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4917: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4885: 4883: 4875: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4807: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4788: 4782: 4775: 4769: 4762: 4756: 4749: 4743: 4736: 4730: 4722: 4720:9780593239919 4716: 4712: 4711: 4706: 4700: 4693: 4688: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4662: 4655: 4643: 4639: 4632: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4587: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4539: 4533: 4526: 4518: 4511: 4505: 4497: 4490: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4462: 4458: 4452: 4450: 4441: 4437: 4431: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4406:"Termination" 4401: 4394: 4389: 4380: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4341: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4295: 4281:on 2012-03-23 4280: 4276: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4226: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4162:(in German). 4161: 4157: 4150: 4136: 4132: 4126: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4019: 4014: 4010: 4007:(in German). 4006: 4002: 3995: 3987: 3985:3-540-32541-7 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3922: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3899:"Werkvertrag" 3893: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3833: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3806: 3805:Ferguson 1995 3801: 3799: 3789: 3783: 3781: 3775: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3755: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3722: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3707: 3702: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3684: 3683:Thompson 1966 3679: 3672: 3671:Thompson 1966 3667: 3660: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3641: 3640:Ellerman 1992 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3592: 3588: 3581: 3573: 3572: 3565: 3557: 3556: 3549: 3541: 3540: 3533: 3525: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3506: 3495: 3494: 3486: 3484: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3401: 3400: 3392: 3378: 3376: 3371: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3330: 3328: 3319: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3304: 3296: 3294: 3286: 3275: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3256: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3233:(2): 187–94. 3232: 3228: 3221: 3214: 3212: 3207: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3105:Job guarantee 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3005: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2960: 2957: 2949: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2925: 2923: 2916: 2907: 2906: 2900: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2783: 2781: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2752:Globalization 2749: 2747: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2710:agri-business 2707: 2701: 2693: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2663: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2593: 2586: 2582:agricultural 2579: 2574: 2572: 2571: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2552:manufacturing 2549: 2545: 2541: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2521:United States 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2469: 2460: 2458: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2424: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2336: 2332: 2330: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2297:United States 2292: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2255: 2249: 2244: 2235: 2233: 2228: 2226: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2158: 2155: 2146: 2144: 2139: 2129: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2073: 2071: 2061: 2059: 2058:Fair Work Act 2048: 2038: 2035: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1983: 1977: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1938:patent rights 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906:socioeconomic 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1849:severance pay 1846: 1836: 1834: 1824: 1821: 1812: 1809: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1782:stock options 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1749: 1747: 1742: 1734: 1725: 1723: 1722:job interview 1719: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1687: 1677: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1643: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1590: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1561:stock options 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1543:or an annual 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1484: 1482: 1477: 1476: 1474: 1473: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1450:Labor history 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1376:New Caledonia 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1323:Labor parties 1319: 1318: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1274:Overtime bans 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1230: 1229:Strike action 1225: 1224: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1124:Paid time off 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1089:Four-day week 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1036: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1015:Union busting 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 952: 950: 949: 946: 941: 940: 936: 932: 931: 928: 923: 922: 918: 912: 911: 901: 896: 894: 889: 887: 882: 881: 879: 878: 873: 863: 861: 856: 851: 850: 849: 848: 841: 838: 835: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 817: 814: 809: 808: 799: 798: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 461:de Mandeville 459: 458: 453: 447: 446: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 390: 389:Public choice 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 364:Participation 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 324:Institutional 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 274:Expeditionary 272: 270: 267: 265: 264:Environmental 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 206: 200: 199: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 143: 137: 136: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 100: 97: 95: 94:International 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 80: 77: 76: 73: 70:Branches and 67: 66: 61: 58: 56: 53: 51: 48: 47: 46: 45: 41: 37: 36: 33: 30: 29: 25: 21: 20: 9512:Organization 9502:Labor rights 9482:Headquarters 9471: 9401:Toxic leader 9381:Spirituality 9246:Kick the cat 9236:Intervention 9176:Feminisation 9026:Anti-pattern 8836:Wage slavery 8790:Unemployment 8770:Productivity 8765:Labor supply 8749: 8701:Philanthropy 8562:Mercantilist 8539: 8510:Conservative 8345:Deregulation 8306:perspectives 8304:Aspects and 8250:Publications 8206:Publications 8173: 7769:Neoclassical 7759:Mercantilism 7668:Evolutionary 7530:Sociological 7503: / 7401:Geographical 7381:Evolutionary 7356:Digitization 7321:Agricultural 7284:Econometrics 7224:Price theory 7088:Toxic leader 7068:Presenteeism 7048:Labor rights 7038:Going postal 7013:Bullshit job 6996: 6981: 6976: 6767:Unemployment 6619:Downshifting 6602:Wage slavery 6597:Unfree labor 6567:Bonded labor 6537:Dead-end job 6527:Conscription 6306:Right to sit 6161:Annual leave 6143:Working poor 6079:Minimum wage 6057:Maximum wage 6015:Working time 6005:Six-hour day 5902:Career break 5864:Professional 5658:Black-collar 5628:White-collar 5608:Green-collar 5585:Volunteering 5422:Drug testing 5412:Cover letter 5352:Tradesperson 5277: 5229:. Retrieved 5225:the original 5185: 5165: 5142: 5123: 5103: 5099: 5088:. Retrieved 5084:the original 5079: 5075: 5059:. Retrieved 5043: 5019: 4997: 4971: 4946: 4924: 4900:. Retrieved 4894: 4873: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4786: 4781: 4773: 4768: 4760: 4755: 4747: 4742: 4734: 4729: 4708: 4699: 4690: 4671: 4661: 4652: 4647:February 18, 4645:. Retrieved 4631: 4614:10419/114164 4596: 4592: 4586: 4577: 4567: 4548: 4538: 4525: 4516: 4504: 4495: 4465:. Retrieved 4460: 4440:the original 4436:"Bluenomics" 4430: 4420:27 September 4418:. Retrieved 4414:the original 4400: 4392: 4388: 4379: 4367:. Retrieved 4357: 4294: 4283:. Retrieved 4279:the original 4251:. Retrieved 4247: 4238: 4228:, retrieved 4206: 4196: 4163: 4159: 4149: 4138:. Retrieved 4134: 4125: 4114:. Retrieved 4110: 4101: 4090:. Retrieved 4085: 4076: 4065:. Retrieved 4060: 4051: 4040:. Retrieved 4036: 4027: 4008: 4004: 3994: 3967: 3958: 3947:. Retrieved 3943: 3934: 3924:, retrieved 3902: 3892: 3881:. Retrieved 3876: 3867: 3855:. Retrieved 3849: 3840: 3821: 3812: 3788: 3774: 3763: 3760:"wage slave" 3754: 3742:. Retrieved 3735:"wage slave" 3729: 3705: 3678: 3666: 3618: 3590: 3580: 3570: 3564: 3554: 3548: 3538: 3532: 3512: 3505: 3492: 3464: 3453:. Retrieved 3449: 3440: 3429:. Retrieved 3425: 3416: 3405:, retrieved 3398: 3391: 3380:. Retrieved 3373: 3364: 3336: 3302: 3283: 3277:. Retrieved 3262: 3255: 3230: 3226: 3125:Labor rights 3095:Job analysis 3090:Green growth 3062: 3018:Bullshit job 2977: 2967: 2952: 2943: 2919: 2882:human rights 2871: 2855: 2852:Volunteerism 2835: 2810: 2794: 2786:Alternatives 2776: 2750: 2743: 2734: 2718: 2702: 2699: 2690: 2658: 2548:unemployment 2537: 2501:poverty line 2490: 2480:A worker in 2472:Working poor 2466: 2454: 2451: 2443: 2426: 2382: 2374: 2367: 2358: 2344: 2341: 2326: 2274:Agency staff 2253: 2231: 2229: 2222: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2193: 2186: 2180: 2164: 2152: 2141: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2110:Werksvertrag 2109: 2107: 2079: 2067: 2060:since 2009. 2055: 2031: 2012: 1996:wage slavery 1990:, using the 1985: 1970:Wage slavery 1964:manual labor 1946: 1922:labor market 1903: 1842: 1833:labor unions 1830: 1818: 1806: 1791:doctrine, a 1786: 1773: 1760:, by yearly 1755: 1752:Remuneration 1739: 1689: 1674: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1646: 1626:compensation 1613: 1609: 1607: 1533:co-operative 1505: 1504: 1309:Work-to-rule 1183:Trade unions 1164:Unfree labor 1154:Six-hour day 1139:Right to sit 1104:Minimum wage 1049:Annual leave 1041:Labor rights 975:New unionism 830:Publications 795: 418:Sociological 391: / 289:Geographical 269:Evolutionary 244:Digitization 209:Agricultural 113:Mathematical 84:Econometrics 9527:Trade union 9517:Remote work 9492:Job sharing 9467:Corporation 9416:Undermining 9336:Psychopathy 9186:Goofing off 9181:Generations 9166:Empowerment 9011:Absenteeism 8995:Aspects of 8955:Syndicalism 8875:Communalism 8740:Corporatism 8716:Rule of law 8663:Consumerism 8653:Advertising 8552:Libertarian 8530:Free-market 8500:Anglo-Saxon 8430:Meritocracy 8380:Externality 8335:Competition 8044:von Neumann 7813:Supply-side 7798:Physiocracy 7742:Marginalism 7431:Information 7371:Engineering 7351:Development 7346:Demographic 7229:Game theory 7206:Theoretical 6977:Historical: 6701:Resignation 6641:Termination 6624:Slow living 6592:Truck wages 6582:Penal labor 6505:Willingness 6397:Infractions 6052:Living wage 5995:Remote work 5663:Gold-collar 5618:Pink-collar 5613:Grey-collar 5603:Blue-collar 5570:Labour hire 5545:Cooperative 5509:Recruitment 5464:Job hunting 5397:Application 5364:Labour hire 5317:Job sharing 5061:January 26, 4829:(1): 1–17. 4461:www.cdc.gov 4088:(in German) 4063:(in German) 3780:De Officiis 3614:"Chapter 2" 3571:Labor Cases 3120:Labor power 2991:partnership 2846:food stamps 2791:Subcultures 2598:employment 2589:industrial 2560:Agriculture 2415:labor force 2286:Contractors 2282:Consultants 2278:Freelancers 2248:call centre 2217:Arbetsbrist 2167:Philippines 2161:Philippines 1853:surety bond 1718:assessments 1649:gig economy 1525:corporation 1406:South Korea 1386:Netherlands 1381:New Zealand 1054:Child labor 1010:Syndicalism 980:Proletariat 960:Decent work 666:von Neumann 319:Information 259:Engineering 239:Development 234:Demographic 176:Game theory 118:Methodology 9594:Employment 9573:Employment 9472:Employment 9281:Narcissism 9231:Inequality 9226:Incivility 9201:Harassment 9171:Evaluation 9106:Drug tests 9021:Aggression 8997:workplaces 8844:Antithesis 8775:Prosperity 8750:Employment 8697:Mainstream 8688:Liberalism 8612:Regulatory 8587:Neoliberal 8535:Humanistic 8520:Democratic 8480:Wage labor 8475:Regulation 8340:Depression 8296:Capitalism 8201:Economists 8074:Schumacher 7979:Schumpeter 7949:von Wieser 7869:von Thünen 7829:Economists 7728:Circuitism 7693:Humanistic 7688:Historical 7663:Ecological 7653:Democratic 7626:Chartalism 7616:Behavioral 7579:Mainstream 7540:Statistics 7535:Solidarity 7456:Managerial 7421:Humanistic 7416:Historical 7361:Ecological 7326:Behavioral 6911:Wage curve 6718:Retirement 6631:Workaholic 6609:Work ethic 6577:Labor camp 6476:Wage theft 6456:Evaluation 6441:Dress code 6206:Sick leave 6171:Child care 6133:Salary cap 6047:Income tax 6010:Shift work 5942:Time clock 5937:Sick leave 5932:Sabbatical 5897:Break room 5885:Attendance 5854:Profession 5839:Mentorship 5817:Retraining 5742:E-learning 5638:New-collar 5633:Red-collar 5580:Supervisor 5560:Internship 5479:Onboarding 5379:Wage labor 5347:Technician 5342:Journeyman 5312:Gig worker 5278:Employment 5231:2009-08-05 5090:2017-08-27 4599:: 86–101. 4467:2015-06-15 4285:2010-01-23 4253:2021-04-11 4230:2021-04-11 4166:(5): 199. 4140:2021-04-11 4116:2024-05-17 4092:2021-04-11 4067:2021-04-11 4042:2021-04-11 3949:2021-04-11 3926:2021-04-11 3883:2014-02-15 3610:Marx, Karl 3455:2020-03-30 3431:2020-03-30 3382:2022-10-06 3370:"ABC test" 3279:2016-03-30 3191:Work ethic 3140:Onboarding 3013:Automation 2974:tax return 2862:internship 2858:volunteers 2817:university 2591:employment 2584:employment 2575:Number of 2550:, such as 2486:Bangladesh 2301:See also: 2215:(Swedish: 2122:Leiharbeit 2118:Zeitarbeit 2064:Bangladesh 2015:John Dewey 1992:pejorative 1988:socialists 1980:See also: 1877:Wage labor 1871:Wage labor 1787:Under the 1770:commission 1766:gratuities 1708:commission 1700:job boards 1589:Supervisor 1553:gratuities 1513:regulating 1506:Employment 1264:Green bans 1257:newspapers 1149:Sick leave 1144:Sabbatical 825:Economists 696:Schumacher 601:Schumpeter 571:von Wieser 491:von Thünen 452:economists 428:Statistics 423:Solidarity 344:Managerial 309:Humanistic 304:Historical 249:Ecological 214:Behavioral 108:Mainstream 9546:Templates 9331:Profanity 9326:Probation 9266:Menopause 9256:Listening 9196:Happiness 9096:Diversity 9081:Democracy 9071:Coworking 8950:Socialism 8925:Mutualism 8880:Communism 8850:Anarchism 8799:Criticism 8780:Syndicate 8515:Corporate 8470:Recession 8445:Oligopoly 8410:Invention 8119:Greenspan 8084:Samuelson 8064:Galbraith 8034:Tinbergen 7974:von Mises 7969:Heckscher 7929:Edgeworth 7808:Stockholm 7803:Socialist 7703:Keynesian 7683:Happiness 7643:Classical 7604:Mutualism 7599:Anarchist 7584:Heterodox 7481:Personnel 7441:Knowledge 7406:Happiness 7396:Financial 7366:Education 7341:Democracy 7276:Empirical 7198:Economics 7098:Workhouse 7018:Busy work 6832:Recession 6696:Pink slip 6654:Dismissal 6517:Careerism 6461:Labor law 6111:Singapore 6089:Hong Kong 5952:Schedules 5871:Tradesman 5772:Licensure 5732:Education 5702:Avocation 5643:No-collar 5623:Precariat 5504:Probation 5459:Job fraud 5163:(1966) . 4902:16 August 4851:229170512 4843:0003-0554 4188:176538819 4180:1613-7612 3407:March 30, 3356:953710378 3172:(Marxism) 2934:talk page 2886:democracy 2780:workforce 2683:Critical 2596:services 2513:East Asia 2265:Full-time 2052:Australia 1952:countries 1758:piecework 1692:employers 1604:Tradesman 1541:piecework 1455:Labor law 1401:Singapore 1356:Hong Kong 1331:Australia 1084:Equal pay 1005:Communism 1000:Socialism 741:Greenspan 706:Samuelson 686:Galbraith 656:Tinbergen 596:von Mises 591:Heckscher 551:Edgeworth 369:Personnel 329:Knowledge 294:Happiness 284:Financial 254:Education 229:Democracy 123:Political 89:Heterodox 32:Economics 9588:Category 9460:See also 9451:Workwear 9441:Workload 9431:Wellness 9421:Violence 9411:Turnover 9406:Training 9386:Strategy 9376:Sabotage 9351:Rat race 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6201:Pension 5985:On-call 5690:Artisan 5374:Laborer 4789:, Sage. 4763:, Sage. 3857:June 7, 3744:4 March 3450:Findlaw 3426:Findlaw 3145:Payroll 2978:trading 2842:welfare 2813:college 2594:Rising 2580:Rising 2517:Vietnam 2493:poverty 2385:AFL–CIO 2165:In the 2128:(ANÜ). 2112:or the 2104:Germany 2086:Ontario 2080:In the 2004:slavery 1942:usually 1895:Sinaloa 1622:company 1569:housing 1510:parties 1361:Ireland 1351:Georgia 840:Schools 832: ( 791:Piketty 786:Krugman 651:Kuznets 641:Kalecki 616:Polanyi 506:Cournot 501:Bastiat 486:Ricardo 476:Malthus 466:Quesnay 438:Welfare 408:Service 79:Applied 55:Outline 50:History 9507:Office 9391:Stress 9311:Phobia 9241:Jargon 9191:Gossip 9004:Topics 8622:Social 8592:Nordic 8557:Market 8485:Wealth 8460:Profit 8154:Thaler 8134:Ostrom 8129:Becker 8124:Sowell 8104:Baumol 8009:Myrdal 8004:Sraffa 7999:Frisch 7989:Knight 7984:Keynes 7959:Fisher 7954:Veblen 7939:Pareto 7919:Menger 7914:George 7909:Jevons 7904:Walras 7894:Gossen 7818:Thermo 7496:Public 7491:Policy 7446:Labour 7411:Health 6686:Layoff 6236:Crunch 6094:Europe 6084:Canada 6072:Europe 5673:Career 5514:Résumé 5389:Hiring 5297:Casual 5192: 5173: 5149: 5130: 5052: 5026: 5004: 4986:964691 4984: 4957: 4931: 4849: 4841: 4717: 4683: 4654:index. 4621: 4369:21 May 4221: 4186: 4178: 4011:: 45. 3982: 3917: 3828: 3717: 3520: 3354: 3344: 3314: 3270: 3245: 2878:slaves 2797:hippie 2587:Rising 2554:. 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