Philanthropy - Knowledge

621: 218: 456: 893:, whereby poor nations dramatically increased their output of rice, wheat, and other foods. Both Ford and Rockefeller were heavily involved. Ford also gave heavily to build up research universities in Europe and worldwide. For example, in Italy in 1950, sent a team to help the Italian ministry of education reform the nation's school system, based on meritocracy (rather than political or family patronage) and democratisation (with universal access to secondary schools). It reached a compromise between the Christian Democrats and the Socialists to help promote uniform treatment and equal outcomes. The success in Italy became a model for Ford programs and many other nations. 636:. Between 1914 and 1919, the CRB operated entirely with voluntary efforts and was able to feed eleven million Belgians by raising money, obtaining voluntary contributions of money and food, shipping the food to Belgium and controlling it there. For example, the CRB shipped 697,116,000 pounds of flour to Belgium. Biographer George Nash finds that by the end of 1916, Hoover "stood preeminent in the greatest humanitarian undertaking the world had ever seen." Biographer William Leuchtenburg adds, "He had raised and spent millions of dollars, with trifling overhead and not a penny lost to fraud. At its peak, his organization fed nine million Belgians and French daily. 917: 397: 78: 643:(ARA), with the mission of food to Central and Eastern Europe. The ARA fed millions. U.S. government funding for the ARA expired in the summer of 1919, and Hoover transformed the ARA into a private organization, raising millions of dollars from private donors. Under the auspices of the ARA, the European Children's Fund fed millions of starving children. When attacked for distributing food to Russia, which was under Bolshevik control, Hoover snapped, "Twenty million people are starving. Whatever their politics, they shall be fed!" 810: 1549:, warned governments and international organisations that they should "assess the growing influence of major philanthropic foundations, and especially the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation… and analyse the intended and unintended risks and side-effects of their activities" prior to accepting money from rich donors. In 2015, Global Policy Forum also warned elected politicians that they should be particularly concerned about "the unpredictable and insufficient financing of 4826: 307: 4814: 343:, as one of the largest, and many small ones, such as the Metropolitan Drinking Fountain Association. In addition to making annual donations, increasingly wealthy industrialists and financiers left generous sums in their wills. A sample of 466 wills in the 1890s revealed a total wealth of £76 million, of which £20 million was bequeathed to charities. By 1900 London charities enjoyed an annual income of about £8.5 million. 1383: 4840: 443:. It was in a cash-starved position when the war began in 1939, but quickly mobilized its national offices to set up a Central Prisoner of War Agency. For example, it provided food, mail and assistance to 365,000 British and Commonwealth soldiers and civilians held captive. Suspicions, especially by London, of ICRC as too tolerant or even complicit with Nazi Germany led to its side-lining in favour of the 588:(high schools), universities, scholarships, and hospitals. For example, state funding for universities and gymnasiums covered only a fraction of the cost; private philanthropy became essential. 19th-century Germany was even more oriented toward civic improvement than Britain or the United States, when measured in voluntary private funding for public purposes. Indeed, such German institutions as the 739: 566:

eradicate what they considered as "social evils" that were seen as utterly sinful. All the religious groups used financial endowments, which multiplied in number and wealth as Germany grew richer. Each was devoted to a specific benefit to that religious community, and each had a board of trustees; laymen donated their time to public service.

673:(1662–1728), who in 1710 published a widely read essay, "Bonifacius, or an Essay to Do Good". Mather worried that the original idealism had eroded, so he advocated philanthropic benefaction as a way of life. Though his context was Christian, his idea was also characteristically American and explicitly Classical, on the threshold of the 762:(1835–1919) was the most influential leader of philanthropy on a national (rather than local) scale. After selling his steel company in 1901 he devoted himself to establishing philanthropic organizations and to making direct contributions to many educational, cultural, and research institutions. He financed over 2,500 public 2070: 354:. It was a federation of district committees, one in each of the 42 Poor Law divisions. Its central office had experts in coordination and guidance, thereby maximizing the impact of charitable giving to the poor. Many of the charities were designed to alleviate the harsh living conditions in the slums. such as the 65:". Philanthropy contrasts with business initiatives, which are private initiatives for private good, focusing on material gain; and with government endeavors that are public initiatives for public good, such as those that focus on the provision of public services. A person who practices philanthropy is a 1061:

differs from traditional philanthropy in how it operates. Traditional philanthropy is about charity, mercy, and selfless devotion improving recipients' wellbeing. Philanthrocapitalism, is philanthropy transformed by business and the market, where profit-oriented business models are designed that work

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Along with diaspora-led foreign direct investment, diaspora philanthropy is a force in the development of a country. Members of a diaspora are familiar with their community's needs and the social, political, and economic factors that influence the delivery of those needs. Studies show that those who

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provides disaster relief and humanitarian aid, helping communities in need during crises and supporting global emergency response efforts. While there are dozens more examples, each of these foundations reflects the African American community's commitment to addressing critical issues and improving

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invests in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curricular standards in the US and provides learning resources and materials for schools, for its innovation and revenue. The New Employment Opportunities initiative in Latin America is a regional collaboration to train one million

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While the region's philanthropy practices are relatively under-researched compared to those of the United States and Europe, the Centre for Asian Philanthropy and Society (CAPS) produces a study of the sector every two years. In 2020, its research found that if Asia were to donate the equivalent of

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to rehabilitate prostitutes. These organizations were funded by subscriptions and run as voluntary associations. They raised public awareness of their activities through the emerging popular press and were generally held in high social regard—some charities received state recognition in the form of

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Two foundation types for which some data is available are Private Ancillary Funds (PAFs) and Public Ancillary Funds (PubAFs). Private Ancillary Funds have some similarities to private family foundations in the US and Europe, and do not have a public fundraising requirement. Public Ancillary Funds

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became the largest American philanthropy, splitting its activities between the United States and the rest of the world. Outside the United States, it established a network of human rights organizations, promoted democracy, gave large numbers of fellowships for young leaders to study in the United

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are associated historically, it was only in the 1990s that entertainment and sports celebrities from affluent western societies became involved with a particular type of philanthropy. Celebrity philanthropy in contemporary western societies is not isolated to large one-off monetary donations. It

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after death. The Protestants did not believe in purgatory, but made a strong commitment to improving their communities there and then. Conservative Protestants raised concerns about deviant sexuality, alcoholism, and socialism, as well as illegitimate births. They used philanthropy to try to

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are a part of the diaspora are more aware of the pressing and neglected issues of their community than outsiders or other well wishers. Also given their deep ties to their country of origin, diaspora philanthropies have greater longevity than other international philanthropies. Due to

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for the good of humanity. Share value companies are an example. They help develop and deliver curricula in education, strengthen their own businesses and improve the job prospects of people. Firms improve social outcomes, but while they do so, they also benefit themselves.

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Philanthropy is defined differently by different groups of people; many define it as a means to alleviate human suffering and advance the quality of life. There are many forms of philanthropy, allowing for different impacts by different groups in different settings.

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giving. In diaspora philanthropy, migrants and their descendants are frontline distributors of aid, and enablers of development. For many countries, diaspora philanthropy is a prominent way in which members of the diaspora invest back into their homeland countries.

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realm. Instead of it being for profit, the philanthropist does it as a non-profit and only breaks even or even takes a small loss. Still, the overall gain to the community would be greater than the small loss they incurred. For example, a philanthropist puts up

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Chandra, Anita; Acosta, Joie; Carman, Katherine Grace; Dubowitz, Tamara; Leviton, Laura; Martin, Laurie T.; Miller, Carolyn; Nelson, Christopher; Orleans, Tracy; Tait, Margaret; Trujillo, Matthew; Towe, Vivian; Yeung, Douglas; Plough, Alonzo L. (January 2017).

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The ability of wealthy people to deduct a significant amount of their tax liabilities in the form of philanthropic giving, as noted by the late German billionaire shipping magnate and philanthropist Peter Kramer, functioned as "a bad transfer of power", from

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are examples of such; they focus more on financial contributions to social causes and less on actions and processes of benevolence. Impact investment, on the other hand, focuses on the interaction between individual wellbeing and broader society by promoting

327:, began to adopt active campaigning roles, where they would champion a cause and lobby the government for legislative change. This included organized campaigns against the ill-treatment of animals and children and the campaign that succeeded in ending the 560:

Religion was divisive in Germany, as Protestants, Catholics, and Jews used alternative philanthropic strategies. The Catholics, for example, continued their medieval practice of using financial donations in their wills to lighten their punishment in

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American money proved invaluable. The Rockefeller Foundation opened an office in Paris and helped design and fund France's modern public health system under the National Institute of Hygiene. It also set up schools to train physicians and nurses.

707:(the first American subscription library), the fire department, the police force, street lighting, and a hospital. A world-class physicist himself, he promoted scientific organizations including the Philadelphia Academy (1751) – which became the 607:

regime and other devastation by 1945, seriously undermined and weakened the opportunities for widespread philanthropy in Germany. The civil society so elaborately built up in the 19th century was dead by 1945. However, by the 1950s, as the

275:. This was "the first children's charity in the country, and one that 'set the pattern for incorporated associational charities' in general." The hospital "marked the first great milestone in the creation of these new-style charities." 331:

throughout the Empire starting in 1807. Although there were no slaves allowed in Britain itself, many rich men owned sugar plantations in the West Indies, and resisted the movement to buy them out until it finally succeeded in 1833.

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had a monopoly of specialized microbiological knowledge, allowing it to raise money for serum production from private and public sources, walking the line between a commercial pharmaceutical venture and a philanthropic enterprise.

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Structured giving in Australia through foundations is slowly growing, although public data on the philanthropic sector is sparse. There is no public registry of philanthropic foundations as distinct from charities more generally.

362:—an organization that sought to improve the housing conditions of the working classes by building new homes for them, while at the same time receiving a competitive rate of return on any investment. This was one of the first 1181:

activities. It is a scholarship topic in studies of "the popular" vis-à-vis the modern and post-modern world. Structured and systematised charitable giving by celebrities is a relatively new phenomenon. Although charity and

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Srivastava, Prachi; Oh, Su-Ann (2012). "Private Foundations, Philanthropy and Partnership in Education and Development: Mapping the Terrain". In Robertson, Susan L.; Mundy, Karen; Verger, Antoni; Menashy, Francine (eds.).

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include community foundations, some corporate foundations, and foundations that solely support single organisations such as hospitals, schools, museums, and art galleries. They must raise funds from the general public.

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housing and only breaks even or takes on a small loss selling the homes. If they took a US$ 1,000 loss on each home, 10,000 homes could be made with that initial philanthropic donation. It could be run like a

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demonstrates the potential of strategic philanthropy to tackle health inequalities through initiatives that focus on prevention, early intervention, and building community capacity. Similarly, a report by the

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in various fields, such as scientific research, development, and healthcare. Addressing systemic inequalities in these sectors can lead to more diverse perspectives, innovations, and better overall outcomes.

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played a minor role in the war with Germany (1870–71). After that, it became a major factor in shaping French civil society as a non-religious humanitarian organization. It was closely tied to the army's

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suggests that philanthropy can create systemic change by investing in long-term solutions that address the underlying causes of social issues, including those related to science and health disparities.

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2 million. By 1885, rapid growth had produced over 1000 London charities, with an income of about £4.5 million. They included a wide range of religious and secular goals, with the American import,

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Financial donations to organized charities became fashionable among the middle class in the 19th century. By 1869 there were over 200 London charities with an annual income, all together, of about

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3.9 trillion) annually, more than 11 times the foreign aid flowing into the region every year and one-third of the annual amount needed globally to meet the sustainable development goals by 2030.

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launched several large philanthropic projects staffed by experts who sought to address problems systematically at the roots rather than let the recipients deal only with their immediate concerns.

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Scaife, Wendy; McDonald, Katie; Williamson, Alexandra; Mossel, Valérie (2015). "Giving in Australia: Philanthropic Potential Beginning to Be Realized". In Wiepking, Pamala; Handy, Femida (eds.).

730:, in the 1860s, he began to endow libraries and museums in the United States and also funded housing for poor people in London. His activities became a model for Andrew Carnegie and many others. 1018:

can be distinguished by how they serve society. Traditional philanthropy is usually short-term, where organizations obtain resources for causes through fund-raising and one-off donations. The

525:. The princes and the various imperial states continued traditional efforts, funding monumental buildings, parks, and art collections. Starting in the early 19th century, the rapidly emerging 632:(CRB) was an international (predominantly American) organization that arranged for the supply of food to German-occupied Belgium and northern France during the First World War. It was led by 1360:

provides scholarships and educational opportunities to underserved youth, aiming to improve access to higher education and support students in achieving their academic goals. Damon John's

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Invest in early-career professionals: Help create a more equitable pipeline for future leaders in science and healthcare by investing in early-career researchers and health professionals.

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Examines philanthropy in Buddhist, Islamic, Hindu, Jewish, and Native American religious traditions and in cultures from Latin America, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia.

839:(1874–1960) made large-scale national philanthropy systematic, especially with regard to the study and application of modern medicine, higher education, and scientific research. Of the 1050:

may affect the environment. As a result, development agencies have seen increased demands for accountability as they face greater pressure to fit with current developmental agendas.

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25 million endowment, later enlarged to US$ 135 million. Carnegie Corporation has endowed or otherwise helped to establish institutions that include the Russian Research Center at

3841: 3518: 908:, as well as its economic and political conditions. Ford, therefore, turned to agricultural reform. The success rate in Africa was no better, and that program closed in 1977. 358:

founded in 1830. This included the promotion of allotment of land to labourers for "cottage husbandry" that later became the allotment movement. In 1844 it became the first

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Through these approaches, philanthropy can significantly promote equity within scientific and health communities, leading to more inclusive and effective advancements.

557:, but it still had enough money and organizational skills that could be employed through philanthropic agencies to provide an alternative power base for its worldview. 204:

simply defined philanthropy as "love of mankind; good nature". This definition still survives today and is often cited more gender-neutrally as the "love of humanity."

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The history of modern philanthropy on the European continent is especially important in the case of Germany, which became a model for others, especially regarding the

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was opening offices in Europe. It launched medical and scientific projects in Britain, France, Germany, Spain, and elsewhere. It supported the health projects of the

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populations either in their country of residence or in their countries of origin. Diaspora philanthropy is a newly established term with many variations, including

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Prioritize underrepresented groups: Support scientists and health professionals from diverse backgrounds to help address historical injustices and foster diversity.

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emphasize the role of philanthropy in empowering communities to reduce health disparities and address the root causes of these disparities. Research by Chandra

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diaspora philanthropy, diaspora philanthropy is more willing to address controversial issues found in their country of origin compared to local philanthropy.

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Advocate for diverse leadership: Support initiatives that emphasize diversity and inclusion in leadership positions within scientific and health institutions.

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In London, prior to the 18th century, parochial and civic charities were typically established by bequests and operated by local church parishes (such as

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have made significant contributions across various fields, including mental health, education, entrepreneurship, and disaster relief. Taraji P. Henson's

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focuses on mental health awareness and support for those affected by mental illness, particularly within the African American community. Shawn Carter's

1031:. Stressing the importance of impact and change, they invest in different sectors of society, including housing, infrastructure, healthcare and energy. 5883: 5686: 3129: 401: 387: 577:, used his state-sponsored philanthropy, in the form of his invention of the modern welfare state, to neutralize the political threat posed by the 253: 1145:

Influence policy changes: Utilize philanthropic influence to advocate for policy changes that address systemic inequalities in science and health.

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While charity has a long history in Asia, as of 2018 philanthropy or a systematic approach to doing good remains nascent. Chinese philosopher

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American food in the world war and reconstruction period: operations of the organizations under the direction of Herbert Hoover, 1914 to 1924

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By the 1820s, newly rich American businessmen were initiating philanthropic work, especially with respect to private colleges and hospitals.

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The new role of business in global education: How companies can create shared value by improving education while driving shareholder returns

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A suggested explanation for the preference for impact investment philanthropy to traditional philanthropy is the gaining prominence of the

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highlight the need to prioritize underrepresented groups, promote equitable partnerships, and advocate for diverse leadership within the

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devised a solution: the new national lottery proved highly popular to gamblers while generating the cash needed without raising taxes.

289:. By 1763, the society had recruited over 10,000 men and it was incorporated in 1772. Hanway was also instrumental in establishing the 17: 5769: 5701: 5219: 4309:"Transnational migrants' philanthropy: Its forms, operations, and implications from the perspectives of Ghanaian residents in Europe" 3510: 1630: 4527: 2071:"Five Per Cent Philanthropy: An Account of Housing in Urban Areas Between 1840 and 1914. By John Nelson Tarn… [Book Review]" 1194:

This is sometimes termed as "celanthropy"—the fusion of celebrity and cause as a representation of what the organisation advocates.

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Scholars have examined the importance of philanthropic support in promoting equity in different areas. For example, Christopherson

612:" was restoring German prosperity, the old aristocracy was defunct, and middle-class philanthropy started to return to importance. 432: 417: 391: 257: 217: 4483: 3349:

McGregor-Lowndes, Myles; Williamson, Alexandra (2018-05-02). "Foundations in Australia: Dimensions for International Comparison".

1038:(SDGs) since 2015. Almost every SDG is linked to environmental protection and sustainability because of rising concerns about how 6159: 5774: 2925:

The man who fed the world: Nobel Peace Prize laureate Norman Borlaug and his battle to end world hunger: An authorized biography

5764: 5759: 5691: 3953:"Nuevo "rol" y paradigmas del Aprendizaje, en una Sociedad Global en RED y Compleja: la Era del Conocimiento y el Aprendizaje" 3052:"Professor Kingsfield goes to Delhi: American academics, the Ford Foundation, and the development of legal education in India" 3303: 3233: 3098: 3051: 2823: 2776: 2524: 1908: 976:

shows four Asian economies in the top ten: 495 in China, 169 in India, 66 in Hong Kong, and 52 in Taiwan (as of April 2023).

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Christopherson, Elizabeth Good; Howell, Emily L.; Scheufele, Dietram A.; Viswanath, Kasisomayajula; West, Norris P. (2021).

2262:"Giving and Gambling: The Gueules Cassées, the National Lottery, and the Moral Economy of the Welfare State in 1930s France" 366:, a philanthropic endeavor that flourished in the second half of the nineteenth century, brought about by the growth of the 5666: 5643: 5007: 4992: 4552: 2332:

Smith, Timothy B. (1998). "The Social Transformation of Hospitals and the Rise of Medical Insurance in France, 1914–1943".

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class of 2019, he simultaneously fought against changes to the tax code that could have made more money available to help

267:, appalled by the number of abandoned children living on the streets of London, received a royal charter to establish the 6144: 1292: 4830: 1224:

now budget extensive amounts of time and money to use celebrity endorsers in their campaigns. An example of this is the

1073:. Through education, specific skills are taught that enhance people's capacity to learn and their productivity at work. 455: 4620: 2950:

Toenniessen, Gary; Adesina, Akinwumi; Devries, Joseph (2008), "Building an Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa",

2130: 1718: 1541:, whereby it is no longer "the state that determines what is good for the people, but rather the rich who decide". The 1257: 1132:

Encourage equitable partnerships: Facilitate collaborations between institutions from different backgrounds to promote

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Lees, Andrew (2000). "Deviant Sexuality and Other 'Sins': The Views of Protestant Conservatives in Imperial Germany".

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Simon, J (2007). "The origin of the production of diphtheria antitoxin in France, between philanthropy and commerce".

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made local philanthropy a way to establish their legitimate role in shaping society, pursuing ends different from the

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promotes entrepreneurship by offering mentorship and resources to aspiring business owners. Additionally, Rihanna's

965:(almsgiving), while Buddhists and Christians throughout Asia may participate in philanthropic activities. In India, 378:. The principle of philanthropic intention with capitalist return was given the label "five per cent philanthropy." 5658: 5294: 3933: 1393: 1225: 1202:

The advent of celebrity philanthropy has coincided with the contraction of government involvement in areas such as

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Julius Rosenwald: The Man Who Built Sears, Roebuck and Advanced the Cause of Black Education in the American South

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Thompson, Beti; Molina, Yamile; Viswanath, Kasisomayajula; Warnecke, Richard; Prelip, Michael L. (August 2016).

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Asia is home to most of the world's billionaires, surpassing the United States and Europe in 2017. Knowledge's

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that enabled India, Mexico, and many poor countries to upgrade their agricultural productivity dramatically.

584:. The middle classes, however, made the most use of the new welfare state, in terms of heavy use of museums, 31: 4166: 4003: 1976:"'Devoted Islands' and 'that Madman Wilberforce': British Proslavery Patriotism during the Age of Abolition" 1236:

and environmental issues more generally. Notable celebrities who were part of this campaign included actors

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youth by 2022 to raise employment standards and ultimately provide a talented pool of labour for companies.

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held that "the habit of charity extends not only to the love of God, but also to the love of our neighbor".

5638: 5612: 5523: 4854: 3612:"Founders, Families, and Futures: Perspectives on the Accountability of Australian Private Ancillary Funds" 1789: 1613: 1229: 355: 351: 321: 314: 5648: 5633: 5620: 4141: 2875:"Philanthropy and world health: the Rockefeller Foundation and the League of Nations Health Organization" 2745: 2670: 2634: 2114: 1739: 1188: 904:, by promoting the American model. The plan failed, because of India's unique legal history, traditions, 829: 2118: 542: 6961: 6479: 6267: 5977: 5781: 5043: 3258:"Centre for Asian Philanthropy and Society's Doing Good Index Plots Way Forward in Post-Covid-19 World" 2719: 1521:. As a result, Giridharadas argues, Smith's philanthropic giving functions to reinforce the prevailing 1506: 708: 159: 4611:

Philanthropy, Patronage, and Civil Society: Experiences from Germany, Great Britain, and North America

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mechanisms, and the prevailing practice of applying business logic to the provision of public goods".

1307: 6195: 5628: 5472: 5091: 4260: 3099:"Academic SAILERS: The Ford Foundation and the Efforts to Shape Legal Education in Africa, 1957–1977" 1554: 1287: 843:

530 million the elder Rockefeller gave away, US$ 450 million went to medicine. Their leading advisor

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tradition of direct charitable engagement during life" took hold, exemplified by the creation of the

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Schneider, William H. (2003). "War, philanthropy, and the National Institute of Hygiene in France".

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Philanthropy in England, 1480–1660: A Study of the Changing Pattern of English Social Aspirations

3155:"The Values of Confucian Benevolence and the Universality of the Confucian Way of Extending Love" 1662: 1635: 1625: 1550: 836: 359: 58: 45: 1834: 1069:. Therefore, philanthropy has been seen as a tool to sustain economic and firm growth, based on 424:

of 1870, Dunant personally led Red Cross delegations that treated soldiers. He shared the first

6888: 6626: 6412: 6317: 6035: 5823: 5546: 5209: 5002: 4975: 4749: 4093:"Building a National Culture of Health: Background, Action Framework, Measures, and Next Steps" 3706: 1647: 1514: 1456: 1125:

To advance equity in science and healthcare, philanthropists can adopt several key strategies:

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Mrs. Russell Sage: Women's Activism and Philanthropy in Gilded Age and Progressive Era America

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Nash, George H. (1989). "An American Epic: Herbert Hoover and Belgian Relief in World War I".

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involves celebrities using their publicity, brand credibility, and personal wealth to promote

7101: 6561: 6005: 5954: 5805: 5096: 5027: 5022: 4874: 3188: 2611: 2610:. Select Christian Authors, with Introductory Essays. Glasgow: Chalmers and Collins. p. 1217: 1093: 794: 683:(1706–1790) was an activist and theorist of American philanthropy. He was much influenced by 6781: 5815: 4750:"Autonomy, Cooperation or Colonization? Christian Philanthropy and State Welfare in Denmark" 2840: 2457: 1893: 5862: 5857: 5847: 5561: 5541: 5322: 5287: 5172: 4661: 2959: 1677: 1671: 1653: 1577: 1459:

so they would not have to pay property taxes on the homes as they were waiting to be sold.

1443: 1434: 1105: 1070: 1058: 981: 840: 782: 405: 237: 665:(1636), designed primarily to train young men for the clergy. A leading theorist was the 8: 6616: 6556: 6417: 6149: 6052: 5932: 5829: 5586: 5516: 5467: 5442: 5344: 5339: 5334: 3154: 1542: 1526: 1312: 821: 813: 593: 421: 363: 324: 310: 77: 2963: 1926: 1302: 6581: 6210: 6117: 6046: 5197: 5182: 5147: 5126: 5101: 5078: 4980: 4914: 4890: 4785: 4726: 4693: 4642: 4609: 4343: 4308: 4289: 4117: 4092: 4067: 4034: 3785: 3735: 3692: 3642: 3589: 3467:"Ancillary Funds 2017-2018: ACPNS Current Issues Information Sheet 2020/2, August 2020" 3374: 3313: 3079: 3071: 3033: 2985: 2923: 2903: 2895: 2765: 2738: 2663: 2627: 2513: 2426: 2357: 2320: 2241: 2151: 2107: 2093: 2019: 1996: 1955: 1947: 1641: 1569: 1490: 1133: 1089: 881: 786: 585: 328: 285:

in 1756 as the first seafarer's charity, in a bid to aid the recruitment of men to the

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Essays to do Good addressed to all Christians, whether in public or private capacities

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Five Per Cent Philanthropy: An Account of Housing in Urban Areas Between 1840 and 1914

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Klasen, Stephan (2013-12-05), "Is it time for a new international poverty measure?",

3817: 3789: 3777: 3739: 3727: 3696: 3684: 3646: 3634: 3593: 3581: 3399: 3378: 3366: 3299: 3083: 3037: 2977: 2930: 2907: 2852: 2819: 2812: 2772: 2749: 2712: 2674: 2638: 2588: 2567: 2520: 2469: 2418: 2361: 2349: 2324: 2282: 2233: 2206: 2126: 2097: 2026: 2000: 1959: 1904: 1714: 1686: 1510: 1237: 1047: 1015: 954:), a reaction against perceived over-attachment to family and clan structures within 855: 680: 658: 570: 546: 490: 460: 425: 290: 111: 6845: 2989: 2245: 722:(1795–1869) is the acknowledged father of modern philanthropy. A financier based in 6682: 6576: 6429: 6129: 6102: 6092: 5998: 5489: 5327: 5261: 5256: 5246: 4970: 4867: 4762: 4679: 4338: 4320: 4273: 4112: 4062: 4046: 4015: 3974: 3964: 3876: 3809: 3769: 3719: 3676: 3626: 3573: 3391: 3358: 3289: 3169: 3110: 3063: 3023: 3015: 2967: 2887: 2410: 2341: 2312: 2274: 2198: 2085: 1988: 1939: 1332: 1118: 985: 890: 859: 825: 763: 609: 538: 498: 474: 154: 5157: 4859: 4277: 3969: 3952: 3019: 2560: 1545:, an independent policy watchdog which functions to monitor the activities of the 7043: 6756: 6690: 6611: 6040: 5972: 5888: 5576: 5551: 5280: 5251: 5192: 5177: 5152: 5131: 3611: 3465:

McGregor-Lowndes, Myles; Balczun, Marie; Williamson, Alexandra (September 2020).

3422:

McGregor-Lowndes, Myles; Balczun, Marie; Williamson, Alexandra (September 2023).

2841: 2605: 2458: 1992: 1888: 1616:, announced their rejection of charitable giving from the Sackler family trusts. 1597: 1498: 1297: 1262: 1023: 885: 875: 798: 759: 752: 747: 742: 662: 600: 436: 416:

used his fortune to fund the Geneva Society for Public Welfare, which became the

81: 62: 3813: 3173: 809: 6802: 6180: 5231: 3723: 3003: 1734: 1573: 1558: 1502: 1233: 1221: 1028: 863: 719: 633: 534: 375: 336: 201: 182: 4325: 4050: 3294: 2891: 2345: 2316: 2202: 2089: 969:(CSR) is now mandated, with 2% of net profits to be directed towards charity. 715:(1743), to enable scientific researchers from all 13 colonies to communicate. 7095: 6987: 6601: 6586: 6566: 6367: 6352: 6337: 6250: 6245: 6139: 6123: 6062: 5946: 5911: 5556: 5407: 5162: 4334: 4307:

DeSouza, Mercy; Osei, Onallia Esther; Idemudia, Erhabor Sunday (2023-01-18).

4285: 4108: 4058: 3988: 3979: 3781: 3731: 3688: 3638: 3630: 3585: 3484:

McGregor-Lowndes, Myles; Balczun, Marie; Williamson, Alexandra (2021-07-15).

3448:

Mcgregor-Lowndes, Myles; Balczun, Marie; Williamson, Alexandra (2022-08-16).

3395: 3370: 3362: 2422: 2353: 2286: 2278: 2210: 1593: 1447: 1245: 1178: 1039: 767: 692: 670: 553:(upper-middle class) was defeated in its effort to gain political control in 522: 502: 371: 295: 189: 6929: 6853: 4581:"Here's what's wrong with letting wealthy people solve the world's problems" 3680: 3577: 3285:

Foundations for giving: why and how Australians structure their philanthropy

3114: 2972: 2688:

Schaaf, Elizabeth (1995). "George Peabody: His Life and Legacy, 1795–1869".

1711:

Philanthropy Reconsidered: Private Initiatives, Public Good, Quality of Life

820:

Other prominent American philanthropists of the early 20th century included

6823: 6659: 6621: 6571: 6541: 6509: 6494: 6407: 6387: 6307: 6107: 6086: 6057: 5581: 5427: 5187: 5167: 5111: 5012: 4987: 4949: 4352: 4126: 4076: 3773: 3610:

Williamson, Alexandra; Luke, Belinda; Leat, Diana; Furneaux, Craig (2017).

2981: 2460:

Education and Employment in the European Union: The Social Cost of Business

2237: 1772: 1755: 1601: 1241: 1083: 955: 771: 700: 684: 589: 526: 506: 483: 440: 413: 367: 350:(1801–1885), philanthropists organized themselves. In 1869 they set up the 278: 264: 85: 4218: 3880: 3486:"Ancillary Funds 2000–2019: ACPNS Current Issues Information Sheet 2021-1" 3450:"Ancillary Funds 2000–2020: ACPNS Current Issues Information Sheet 2022-1" 3424:"Ancillary Funds 2020-2021: ACPNS Current Issues Information Sheet 2023/1" 2226:

Dynamis: Acta Hispanica Ad Medicinae Scientiarumque Historiam Illustrandam

896:

The Ford Foundation in the 1950s wanted to modernize the legal systems in

6641: 6531: 6449: 6372: 6322: 6225: 5905: 5566: 5496: 5462: 5432: 5402: 4934: 4766: 4683: 3704:

Williamson, Alexandra Kate; Luke, Belinda; Furneaux, Craig (2020-09-11).

3028: 1565: 1538: 1451: 1207: 1043: 581: 578: 550: 530: 144: 4825: 3712:

Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations

2899: 2874: 2740:

Notable American Philanthropists: Biographies of Giving and Volunteering

2665:

Notable American Philanthropists: Biographies of Giving and Volunteering

2629:

Notable American Philanthropists: Biographies of Giving and Volunteering

1399:

merge into "Traditional philanthropy versus philanthrocapitalism" above.

980:

two percent of its GDP, the same as the United States, it would unleash

200:

conception of virtue as consciously instilled habits of good behaviour.

6954: 6763: 6731: 6596: 6521: 6489: 6469: 6342: 6332: 6292: 6272: 6230: 5591: 5381: 4919: 4019: 3075: 2843:

Philanthropy in America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia, vol 2

2814:

The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family

2430: 2385:

Philanthropy, Civil Society, and the State in German history, 1815–1989

1951: 1589: 1585: 1522: 1438: 1328: 1211: 1174: 1066: 1053: 1004: 790: 286: 272: 249: 4503:"Binah: Anand Giridharadas on the Fallacy of Billionaire Philanthropy" 4366: 4001: 306: 7002: 6748: 6746: 6739: 6737: 6714: 6591: 6424: 6402: 6392: 6347: 6327: 6297: 6287: 6262: 6185: 6134: 5810: 5501: 5416: 5386: 5376: 5371: 4459:"Homepage | ABFE | A Philanthropic Partnership for Black Communities" 4434: 3843:

Fundamentals of Modern Philanthropy: New Perspectives for Foundations

3757: 3485: 3466: 3449: 3423: 1581: 1534: 1183: 1170: 723: 562: 197: 178: 148: 135: 121: 115: 6874: 3067: 2414: 1943: 1604:

caused by the philanthropic donors, the British institutions of the

1009: 703:

into projects for the betterment of the city: examples included the

248:. During the 18th century, however, "a more activist and explicitly 6995: 6816: 6724: 6606: 6526: 6484: 6459: 6434: 6382: 6312: 6257: 6220: 6215: 6205: 6200: 6190: 5236: 5121: 5058: 4924: 4909: 4850: 4776:

Philanthropy in democratic societies: History, institutions, values

3932:

Kramar, M.K.; Hills, G.; Tallani, K.; Wilka, M.; Bhatt, A. (2014),

3283: 2186:"The French Red Cross, War Readiness, and Civil Society, 1866–1914" 2170:

Britain and the International Committee of the Red Cross, 1939–1945

1568:

the public from some of the ill-gotten gains that were derived via

1493:, he asserts that various philanthropic initiatives by the wealthy 1437:

or philanthrocapitalism is a way of doing philanthropy through the

1324: 666: 131: 54: 7074: 6936: 596:, and the welfare state became models copied by the Anglo-Saxons. 7050: 7036: 6969: 6902: 6867: 6795: 6551: 6474: 6444: 6397: 6357: 6282: 6240: 5484: 5272: 5063: 4929: 4813: 4632:

Philanthropy in America: A comprehensive historical encyclopaedia

3483: 3464: 3447: 3421: 3130:"Philanthropy in Asia needs a push from good government policies" 2771:. Philanthropic and Nonprofit Studies. Indiana University Press. 1674: – Method of philanthropy that mirrors a for-profit business 1518: 1480: 1267: 1203: 541:, and cultural institutions, as well as working to alleviate the 6909: 6830: 5048: 4747:

Petersen, Jørn Henrik; Petersen, Klaus; Kolstrup, Søren (2014).

4653: 4528:"A new reason Americans are getting leery of billionaire donors" 4035:"Strategies To Empower Communities To Reduce Health Disparities" 1811:"Philanthropy is what sustains the charitable sector, not money" 1210:

to name a few. This can be identified from the proliferation of

738: 7018: 7010: 6881: 6860: 6809: 6788: 6631: 6362: 6021: 5918: 5533: 5304: 4839: 4691:

Ilchman, Warren F.; Katz, Stanley N.; Queen, Edward L. (1998).

4032: 3849:. Center for Social and Sustainable Products AG. Archived from 2153:

The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross

2046:

Finlayson, Geoffrey (March 1983). "The Victorian Shaftesbury".

1272: 901: 835:

Rockefeller retired from business in the 1890s; he and his son

727: 574: 271:

to look after these unwanted orphans in Lamb's Conduit Fields,

4484:"Capitalist Philanthropy: A Means of Circumventing the State?" 4414: 3385: 1895:

The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815

1576:

were known for their generous philanthropic giving to various

615: 6895: 6837: 6716: 6708: 6504: 6464: 6302: 6164: 5366: 5068: 5053: 4390: 4261:"Diaspora philanthropy: the making of a new development aid?" 1580:

worldwide. However, their philanthropic giving functioned as

1509:'s generosity by paying off the student debt incurred by the 1494: 1076: 1065:

The rise of philanthrocapitalism can be attributed to global

962: 897: 241: 164: 3840:

Oehri, Oliver; Dreher, Christoph; Jochum, Christoph (2014).

3234:"Philanthropy in Asia hampered by trust issues, says report" 1392:

may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's

1197: 639:

When the war ended in late 1918, Hoover took control of the

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Reich, Rob; Cordelli, Chiara; Bernholz, Lucy, eds. (2016).

4089: 3707:"Ties That Bind: Public Foundations in Dyadic Partnerships" 3663:

Williamson, Alexandra Kate; Luke, Belinda G. (2021-09-22).

1609: 928: 604: 554: 340: 5990: 4245:

Diaspora philanthropy: Influences, initiatives, and issues

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built across the United States and abroad. He also funded

624:

Poster requesting clothing for occupied France and Belgium

6636: 2949: 1600:. As a result of their exposed ill-gotten gains from the 1529:, instead of addressing the root cause of social issues. 1486:

Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World

1472: 281:, another notable philanthropist of the era, established 4746: 4142:"Transformative Scale: The Future of Growing What Works" 2113:. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1369:

the lives of individuals in diverse and impactful ways.

1084:

Promoting equity through science and health philanthropy

801:. In all, Andrew Carnegie gave away 90% of his fortune. 4458: 3931: 2542:

The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Humanitarian, 1914–1917

1927:"The English campaign for abolition of the slave trade" 1667:

Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

1658:

Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

447:(UNRRA) as the primary humanitarian agency after 1945. 196:

to be synonymous with "goodness", correlated with the

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Scaife, Wendy A.; Williamson, Alexandra (2012-02-22).

3209:"Handbook on Corporate Social Responsibility in India" 1665: – Organization operated for a collective benefit 1638: – Nonprofit organization with charitable purpose 1278:

Danny Thomas and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

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Philanthrocapitalism: how the rich can save the world

3560:

Williamson, Alexandra Kate; Luke, Belinda G. (2021).

943: 37:"Philanthropist" redirects here. For other uses, see 1054:

Traditional philanthropy versus philanthrocapitalism

1005:

Differences between traditional and new philanthropy

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Muslims in countries such as Indonesia are bound by

603:, the financial crises of the 1920s, as well as the 4889: 4306: 3758:"Publicness and the Identity of Public Foundations" 3756:Williamson, Alexandra; Luke, Belinda (2019-09-01). 2625:Grimm, Robert T., ed. (2002). "Benjamin Franklin". 1323:Diaspora philanthropy is philanthropy conducted by 533:and the military. They concentrated on support for 5884:Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor 4784: 4748: 4725: 4692: 4665: 4641: 4608: 4259: 3904: 3705: 2922: 2873: 2811: 2764: 2737: 2736:Grimm, Robert T., ed. (2002). "Julius Rosenwald". 2711: 2662: 2626: 2559: 2512: 2440:Cities, Sin, and Social Reform in Imperial Germany 2340:(4). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 1055–1087. 2260: 2184: 2150: 2106: 2069: 2018: 1974: 1925: 1892: 1754:Aquinas, Thomas. "Charity, considered in itself". 1682:Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces 1228:of 2014. The demonstration was part of the larger 699:(1710). Franklin attempted to motivate his fellow 232:. The original building has since been demolished. 3839: 3193:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 2104: 1010:Impact investment versus traditional philanthropy 880:With the acquisition of most of the stock of the 388:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 126:'humankind, mankind'. In the second century 7093: 4690: 4194: 3281: 2661:Grimm, Robert T., ed. (2002). "George Peabody". 1899:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 1191:, which are increasingly business-like in form. 858:. By the 1950s, it was investing heavily in the 505:to relieve distress but did not want new taxes. 254:Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge 5682:Largest financial services companies by revenue 2553: 2551: 1650: – Ethical issues specific to philanthropy 3755: 3662: 3559: 2442:. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. 1713:. Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse. p. 13. 1406:to make improvements to the overall structure. 57:that consists of "private initiatives for the 7072: 7056: 6006: 5677:Largest corporations by market capitalization 5288: 4875: 4190: 4188: 4186: 3665:"Mapping the field of public ancillary funds" 3562:"Mapping the field of public ancillary funds" 2603: 2587:Surface, Frank M.; Bland, Raymond L. (1932). 2021:The age of urban democracy: England 1868–1914 949: 942:) developed the concept of "universal love" ( 791:Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies 4728:Philanthropists and foundation globalization 4164: 3802: 3388:The Palgrave Handbook of Global Philanthropy 2810:Johnson, Peter J.; Harr, John Ensor (1988). 2586: 2557: 2548: 1981:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 1596:'s role in encouraging and exacerbating the 459:Men and woman working in a classroom at the 173:) in the sense of selfless love, valued for 7008: 6985: 6976: 6967: 5879:The rich get richer and the poor get poorer 4672:The Tocqueville Review/La revue Tocqueville 4004:"How Science Philanthropy Can Build Equity" 3902: 3669:Australian Journal of Public Administration 3566:Australian Journal of Public Administration 3390:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 488–505. 2809: 2718:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 1857: 1855: 1704: 1702: 1564:Giridharadas also argues that philanthropy 1505:of the wealthy elite. For example, despite 1372: 974:list of countries by number of billionaires 616:War and postwar: Belgium and Eastern Europe 599:The heavy human and economic losses of the 445:UN Relief and Rehabilitation Administration 435:(ICRC) played a major role in working with 168: 6113:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues 6013: 5999: 5687:Largest manufacturing companies by revenue 5295: 5281: 5117:Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis 4882: 4868: 4667:"World War I and the humanitarian impulse" 4629: 4553:"How philanthropy benefits the super-rich" 4247:. Boston, Mass.: Philanthropic Initiative. 4183: 4167:"Philanthropy as a Force of Social Change" 4139: 3950: 2952:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2838: 1864:"Captain Coram and the Foundling Hospital" 1771:Aquinas, Thomas. "The object of charity". 1592:was tainted by the subsequent exposure of 4660: 4481: 4367:"Home - Boris Lawrence Henson Foundation" 4342: 4324: 4195:Allatson, Paul; Jeffreys, Elaine (2015). 4116: 4066: 3978: 3968: 3293: 3027: 2971: 2871: 2506: 2504: 2302: 2258: 2167: 2045: 1644: – Philosophical and social movement 1631:List of wealthiest charitable foundations 1422:Learn how and when to remove this message 1331:philanthropy, homeland philanthropy, and 1198:Implications on government and governance 1161: 1088:Philanthropy has the potential to foster 313:, a prominent British philanthropist and 4525: 4258:Espinosa, Shirlita Africa (2015-07-06). 4257: 3903:Bishop, Matthew; Green, Michael (2008). 3806:Public Private Partnerships in Education 3619:Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 3096: 3049: 3001: 2455: 2182: 2148: 1852: 1829: 1827: 1699: 1318: 1283:Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media 1152: 915: 808: 737: 619: 454: 433:International Committee of the Red Cross 418:International Committee of the Red Cross 395: 392:International Committee of the Red Cross 305: 258:Societies for the Reformation of Manners 216: 76: 6160:Values in Action Inventory of Strengths 5697:Largest technology companies by revenue 4644:American philanthropy abroad: a history 4550: 4242: 3331:CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3127: 2794: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2012: 2010: 1923: 1787: 1708: 1220:, not-for-profit organisations and the 27:Private efforts to increase public good 14: 7094: 5765:Income inequality in the United States 5760:Wealth inequality in the United States 4853:, 1601–present compiled and edited by 4714: 4695:Philanthropy in the World's Traditions 3870: 3231: 3152: 2920: 2762: 2687: 2510: 2501: 2067: 1972: 1808: 1656: – Type of nonprofit organization 1612:, along with the American institution 804: 777:His final and largest project was the 5994: 5692:Largest software companies by revenue 5276: 4971:Charitable trust / Registered charity 4863: 4723: 4639: 4578: 4574: 4572: 4238: 4236: 3835: 3833: 2818:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 2735: 2660: 2624: 2331: 2273:(4). Duke University Press: 623–649. 2223: 2197:(3). Duke University Press: 445–476. 1887: 1824: 1497:in practice function to entrench the 1136:and a fair distribution of resources. 1108:. In the healthcare sector, Thompson 657:The first corporation founded in the 5672:Largest corporate profits and losses 5008:Public-benefit nonprofit corporation 4993:Mutual-benefit nonprofit corporation 4782: 4606: 4500: 4165:Mohseni, Afsoon; Albritton, Brenna. 3873:Development Co-operation Report 2013 3128:Shapiro, Ruth A. (29 January 2018). 2709: 2539: 2488: 2437: 2400: 2382: 2371: 2016: 2007: 1861: 1795:A Dictionary of the English Language 1376: 1342:the distance buffer accompanied with 889:States, and invested heavily in the 6145:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers 5745:Countries by number of billionaires 1770: 1753: 1293:List of UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors 1232:, which aims to raise awareness of 140:to describe superior human beings. 88:active during the 2nd century 24: 5302: 4787:Philanthropy in America: A history 4600: 4569: 4371:Boris Lawrence Henson Foundation - 4233: 3951:Rubio Royo, Enrique (2009-09-30). 3830: 3496:from the original on Oct 24, 2023. 3460:from the original on Oct 10, 2023. 1477:charitable contribution deductions 869: 733: 697:Bonifacius: an essay upon the good 370:. Later associations included the 127: 89: 25: 7113: 5394:Primitive accumulation of capital 5227:Master of Nonprofit Organizations 4806: 4008:Stanford Social Innovation Review 3434:from the original on Oct 6, 2023. 3103:American Journal of Legal History 3056:American Journal of Legal History 2558:Leuchtenburg, William E. (2009). 1777:. Secunda Secundae Partis, Q. 25. 1760:. Secunda Secundae Partis, Q. 23. 1606:National Portrait Gallery, London 1537:elected politicians to unelected 653:Philanthropy in the United States 5740:Cities by number of billionaires 4851:A History of Modern Philanthropy 4838: 4824: 4812: 4140:Grindle, Jeffrey; Bradach, Abe. 3521:from the original on Aug 6, 2018 3232:Ravelo, Jenny Lei (2018-01-16). 2839:Burlingame, Dwight, ed. (2004). 1469:ultra high-net-worth individuals 1381: 1354:Boris Lawrence Henson Foundation 1349:African American philanthropists 1288:Jerry Lewis and the MDA Telethon 779:Carnegie Corporation of New York 646: 630:Commission for Relief in Belgium 212: 153:was superseded in Europe by the 5941:The Theory of the Leisure Class 5816:Acquired situational narcissism 4891:Charitable giving and practices 4544: 4519: 4494: 4475: 4451: 4427: 4407: 4383: 4359: 4300: 4251: 4243:Johnson, Paula Doherty (2007). 4203: 4158: 4133: 4083: 4026: 3995: 3944: 3925: 3896: 3864: 3796: 3749: 3653: 3603: 3532: 3503: 3438: 3415: 3339: 3275: 3250: 3225: 3201: 3146: 3121: 3090: 3043: 2995: 2943: 2914: 2865: 2832: 2803: 2788: 2726: 2703: 2651: 2618: 2597: 2580: 2533: 2482: 2449: 2391: 2293: 2252: 2217: 2176: 2161: 2142: 2077:The Journal of Economic History 2058: 2039: 1966: 1917: 1809:Kutney, Mitchell (2013-06-18). 1547:United Nations General Assembly 1450:to build new homes in place of 967:corporate social responsibility 705:Library Company of Philadelphia 412:In 1863, the Swiss businessman 301: 39:Philanthropist (disambiguation) 6098:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues 5755:Countries by wealth inequality 5355:History of economic inequality 5215:List of charitable foundations 4791:. Princeton University Press. 4778:. University of Chicago Press. 4630:Burlingame, D.F., ed. (2004). 4579:Livni, Ephrat (7 April 2019). 4526:Campbell, David (2021-06-10). 4482:Sahadevan, K (4 August 2020). 3214:. PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2013 3153:Guo, Qiyong; Cui, Tao (2012). 2456:Chorafas, Dimitris N. (2016). 1924:Merrill, Louis Taylor (1945). 1881: 1802: 1781: 1764: 1747: 1727: 1689: – Philanthropic practice 1467:Philanthropy has been used by 713:American Philosophical Society 641:American Relief Administration 381: 13: 1: 4998:Non-governmental organization 4829:The dictionary definition of 4278:10.1080/21632324.2015.1053305 3970:10.3989/arbor.2009.extran1205 3351:American Behavioral Scientist 3097:Krishnan, Jayanth K. (2012). 3050:Krishnan, Jayanth K. (2004). 3020:10.1080/0046760X.2016.1154192 2710:Wall, Joseph Frazier (1970). 2515:Herbert Hoover: A Public Life 2157:. Cambridge University Press. 2025:(revised ed.). Longman. 1693: 1036:Sustainable Development Goals 1014:Traditional philanthropy and 932: 920:Saudi Arabian philanthropist 497:By 1933, at the depth of the 464: 226: 32:Philanthropy (disambiguation) 6747: 6738: 6715: 5722:Number of billionaire alumni 5667:Largest companies by revenue 4855:National Philanthropic Trust 4699:. Indiana University Press. 4648:. Rutgers University Press. 4615:. Indiana University Press. 4551:Vallely, Paul (2020-09-08). 2744:. Greenwood Press. pp. 2690:Maryland Historical Magazine 2669:. Greenwood Press. pp. 2633:. Greenwood Press. pp. 2593:. Stanford University Press. 1993:10.1080/03086534.2011.598744 1614:Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum 1462: 1189:not-for-profit organisations 991: 352:Charity Organisation Society 149: 136: 122: 116: 84:, a Greek philanthropist of 72: 7: 6844: 6681: 6658: 6020: 4755:Journal of Church and State 4199:. Bristol, U.K.: Intellect. 3814:10.4337/9780857930699.00015 3174:10.3868/s030-001-012-0002-5 2259:Delalande, Nicolas (2017). 2149:Forsythe, David P. (2005). 1813:. Blue & Green Tomorrow 1740:Online Etymology Dictionary 1619: 1448:neighborhood revitalization 1251: 944: 830:Margaret Olivia Slocum Sage 10: 7118: 5168:Charity / thrift / op shop 5044:Charity (Christian virtue) 4732:. Transaction Publishers. 4501:Kwan, David (2019-12-05). 3724:10.1007/s11266-020-00269-8 3547:Australian Taxation Office 3515:Australian Taxation Office 2105:Tarn, John Nelson (1973). 1258:The Concert for Bangladesh 873: 709:University of Pennsylvania 650: 516: 385: 134:used the Greek concept of 120:'to love, be fond of' and 43: 36: 29: 18:Philanthropic organization 7028: 6946: 6773: 6700: 6650: 6173: 6071: 6028: 5968: 5897: 5871: 5838: 5801: 5794: 5750:Countries by total wealth 5732: 5657: 5629:List of centibillionaires 5611: 5604: 5532: 5473:High-net-worth individual 5455: 5318: 5311: 5140: 5092:Animal Charity Evaluators 5077: 5036: 4958: 4897: 4724:Kiger, Joseph C. (2011). 4435:"Clara Lionel Foundation" 4391:"Shawn Carter Foundation" 4326:10.3389/fsoc.2022.1062755 4266:Migration and Development 4215:People's Climate Movement 4051:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1364 3511:"Private ancillary funds" 3295:10.5204/rep.eprints.48801 3288:. Queensland, Australia. 3002:Mariuzzo, Andrea (2016), 2763:Ascoli, Peter M. (2006). 2346:10.1017/s0018246x98008164 2267:French Historical Studies 2203:10.1215/00161071-2008-003 2191:French Historical Studies 2183:Chrastil, Rachel (2008). 2168:Crossland, James (2014). 2090:10.1017/S0022050700089683 1973:Petley, Christer (2011). 1835:"Associational Charities" 1230:People's Climate Movement 950: 862:, especially the work by 781:, founded in 1911 with a 770:in New York City and the 450: 356:Labourer's Friend Society 320:Philanthropists, such as 207: 5362:International inequality 5350:Consumption distribution 4640:Curti, Merle E. (1963). 3875:, OECD, pp. 35–42, 3631:10.1177/0899764017703711 3543:"Public ancillary funds" 3396:10.1057/9781137341532_28 3363:10.1177/0002764218773495 3134:South China Morning Post 2921:Hesser, Leon F. (2006). 2872:Weindling, Paul (1997). 2540:Nash, George H. (1988). 2279:10.1215/00161071-3946492 1932:Journal of Negro History 1788:Johnson, Samuel (1755). 1709:McCully, George (2009). 1672:Philanthropic capitalism 1435:Philanthropic capitalism 1373:Philanthropic capitalism 922:Lamia bint Majed al-Saud 5438:Conspicuous consumption 4439:Clara Lionel Foundation 4395:Shawn Carter Foundation 3681:10.1111/1467-8500.12515 3578:10.1111/1467-8500.12515 2973:10.1196/annals.1425.028 2892:10.1023/A:1004242303705 2604:Cotton Mather (1825) . 2317:10.1023/A:1022257805553 1663:Non-profit organization 1636:Charitable organization 1626:List of philanthropists 1471:to offset their larger 1397:. The reason given is: 1366:Clara Lionel Foundation 1358:Shawn Carter Foundation 911: 884:in the late 1940s, the 837:John D. Rockefeller Jr. 428:for this work in 1901. 360:Model Dwellings Company 322:anti-slavery campaigner 315:anti-slavery campaigner 46:List of philanthropists 7073: 7057: 7009: 6986: 6977: 6968: 5824:Argumentum ad crumenam 5210:Ethics of philanthropy 5203:Psychological barriers 5003:Nonprofit organization 4817:Quotations related to 4783:Zunz, Olivier (2012). 4313:Frontiers in Sociology 4197:Celebrity Philanthropy 3774:10.9707/1944-5660.1482 2795:Crocker, Ruth (2003). 2511:Burner, David (1978). 2334:The Historical Journal 2084:(4, December): 1061f. 2017:Read, Donald (1994) . 1862:Banerjee, Jacqueline. 1798:. Vol. I. London. 1648:Ethics of philanthropy 1457:nonprofit organization 1303:Tiger Woods Foundation 1226:People's Climate March 1218:Public interest groups 1167:Celebrity philanthropy 1162:Celebrity philanthropy 1020:Rockefeller Foundation 924: 852:Rockefeller Foundation 845:Frederick Taylor Gates 817: 756: 689:An Essay upon Projects 625: 501:, the French wanted a 470: 409: 317: 233: 169: 92: 6562:Righteous indignation 5955:The Wealth of Nations 5806:Diseases of affluence 5028:Voluntary association 5023:Religious corporation 4715:Jordan, W.K. (1959). 4662:Hitchcock, William I. 4607:Adam, Thomas (2008). 4097:Rand Health Quarterly 3881:10.1787/dcr-2013-6-en 3762:The Foundation Review 3176:(inactive 2024-09-12) 3115:10.1093/ajlh/52.3.261 2464:. Routledge. p. 2438:Lees, Andrew (2002). 2409:(3). JSTOR: 453–476. 2403:German Studies Review 2383:Adam, Thomas (2016). 2172:. Plagrave MacMillan. 2068:Siegel, Fred (1974). 1588:, as their legacy of 1578:cultural institutions 1319:Diaspora philanthropy 1308:Richard Gere Activism 1153:Types of philanthropy 919: 812: 795:Brookings Institution 741: 623: 458: 399: 346:Led by the energetic 309: 220: 80: 6080:Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā 5863:Venture philanthropy 5858:Philanthrocapitalism 5770:Most expensive items 5644:Wealthiest Americans 5624:list of billionaires 5323:Capital accumulation 5173:Click-to-donate site 5037:Charity and religion 4847:at Wikimedia Commons 4684:10.3138/ttr.35.2.145 3911:. Bloomsbury Press. 3162:Front. Philos. China 3008:History of Education 2847:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1678:Venture philanthropy 1654:Foundation (charity) 1475:liabilities through 1106:scientific community 1071:human capital theory 1059:Philanthrocapitalism 774:in the Netherlands. 751:magazine cartoon by 545:brought on by rapid 406:Battle of Gravelotte 364:housing associations 246:Carpenters' Company) 238:St Dionis Backchurch 30:For other uses, see 6150:Theological virtues 6053:Positive psychology 5919:Greek god of wealth 5830:Prosperity theology 5649:Wealthiest families 5634:Female billionaires 5468:Captain of industry 5443:Conspicuous leisure 5345:Income distribution 5340:Wealth distribution 5335:Economic inequality 2964:2008NYASA1136..233T 2519:. Alfred A. Knopf. 1572:. For example, the 1543:Global Policy Forum 1515:low-income students 1404:editing the article 1313:Remote Area Medical 822:John D. Rockefeller 814:John D. Rockefeller 805:John D. Rockefeller 594:research university 422:Franco-Prussian War 325:William Wilberforce 311:William Wilberforce 6582:Self-transcendence 6174:Individual virtues 6118:Nine Noble Virtues 6047:Nicomachean Ethics 5782:Wealthiest animals 5198:Effective altruism 5183:Donor-advised fund 5148:Alternative giving 5127:Giving What We Can 5102:Charity assessment 5079:Charity evaluation 4915:Charity (practice) 4767:10.1093/jcs/cst130 4020:10.48558/P4G8-QM77 1680: – Investment 1642:Effective altruism 1491:Anand Giridharadas 1134:knowledge exchange 925: 882:Ford Motor Company 818: 789:(now known as the 787:Harvard University 757: 626: 471: 410: 318: 283:The Marine Society 269:Foundling Hospital 234: 223:Foundling Hospital 93: 7089: 7088: 7085: 7084: 6236:Conscientiousness 6103:Epistemic virtues 5988: 5987: 5964: 5963: 5853:The Giving Pledge 5790: 5789: 5600: 5599: 5270: 5269: 5242:Visiting the sick 5107:Charity Navigator 5087:Aid effectiveness 5018:Social enterprise 4940:Humanity (virtue) 4843:Media related to 4415:"FUBU Foundation" 4221:on 14 August 2015 3980:20.500.12749/3006 3357:(13): 1759–1776. 3305:978-1-921897-16-0 2825:978-0-684-18936-9 2778:978-0-253-34741-1 2526:978-0-394-46134-2 1910:978-0-393-32847-9 1868:The Victorian Web 1687:Visiting the sick 1527:income inequality 1503:special interests 1432: 1431: 1424: 1394:layout guidelines 1238:Leonardo DiCaprio 1048:population growth 1016:impact investment 856:League of Nations 745:'s philanthropy. 711:– as well as the 681:Benjamin Franklin 659:Thirteen Colonies 573:, an upper class 571:Otto von Bismarck 547:industrialization 491:Pasteur Institute 426:Nobel Peace Prize 291:Magdalen Hospital 16:(Redirected from 7109: 7078: 7062: 7014: 6991: 6982: 6973: 6849: 6752: 6743: 6720: 6686: 6663: 6648: 6647: 6577:Self-cultivation 6130:Prussian virtues 6093:Cardinal virtues 6015: 6008: 6001: 5992: 5991: 5848:Gospel of Wealth 5799: 5798: 5609: 5608: 5420: 5411: 5328:Overaccumulation 5316: 5315: 5297: 5290: 5283: 5274: 5273: 5262:Warm-glow giving 5257:Wall of kindness 5247:Voluntary sector 4884: 4877: 4870: 4861: 4860: 4842: 4828: 4816: 4802: 4790: 4779: 4770: 4752: 4743: 4731: 4720: 4710: 4698: 4687: 4669: 4657: 4647: 4635: 4626: 4614: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4591: 4576: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4532:The Conversation 4523: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4513: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4469: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4445: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4401: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4346: 4328: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4263: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4240: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4217:. 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Smith 1479:enabled by the 1465: 1446:10 million for 1428: 1417: 1411: 1408: 1402:Please help by 1401: 1386: 1382: 1375: 1362:FUBU Foundation 1341: 1321: 1254: 1200: 1164: 1155: 1086: 1056: 1024:Ford Foundation 1012: 1007: 994: 939: 935: 914: 905: 886:Ford Foundation 878: 876:Ford Foundation 872: 870:Ford Foundation 807: 799:Sesame Workshop 760:Andrew Carnegie 753:Louis Dalrymple 743:Andrew Carnegie 736: 734:Andrew Carnegie 663:Harvard College 655: 649: 618: 601:First World War 519: 467: 453: 394: 386:Main articles: 384: 304: 229: 215: 210: 110: 'love of 108:(philanthrōpía) 105: 99:comes from 82:Herodes Atticus 75: 63:quality of life 48: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7115: 7105: 7104: 7087: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7079: 7070: 7063: 7054: 7047: 7040: 7032: 7030: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7015: 7006: 6999: 6992: 6983: 6974: 6965: 6958: 6950: 6948: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6913: 6906: 6899: 6892: 6885: 6878: 6871: 6864: 6857: 6850: 6841: 6834: 6827: 6820: 6813: 6806: 6799: 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4406: 4382: 4358: 4299: 4272:(3): 361–377. 4250: 4232: 4211:"Endorsements" 4202: 4182: 4157: 4132: 4082: 4039:Health Affairs 4025: 3994: 3959:(in Spanish). 3943: 3924: 3917: 3895: 3889: 3863: 3829: 3822: 3795: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3718:(2): 234–246. 3701: 3675:(4): 748–768. 3659: 3652: 3625:(4): 747–771. 3602: 3599: 3598: 3572:(4): 748–768. 3557: 3538: 3531: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3481: 3462: 3444: 3437: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3404: 3383: 3345: 3338: 3322:|website= 3304: 3274: 3264:. 17 June 2020 3249: 3224: 3200: 3145: 3120: 3109:(3): 261–324. 3089: 3062:(4): 447–499. 3042: 3014:(3): 352–371, 2994: 2942: 2935: 2913: 2886:(3): 269–281. 2864: 2857: 2831: 2824: 2802: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2777: 2760: 2754: 2732: 2725: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2685: 2679: 2657: 2650: 2643: 2617: 2596: 2579: 2572: 2562:Herbert Hoover 2547: 2544:. p. 249. 2532: 2525: 2500: 2481: 2474: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2435: 2397: 2390: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2329: 2299: 2292: 2251: 2216: 2175: 2160: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2132:978-0521085069 2131: 2102: 2064: 2057: 2038: 2031: 2006: 1987:(3): 393–415. 1965: 1938:(4): 382–399. 1916: 1909: 1880: 1851: 1823: 1801: 1790:"Philanthropy" 1780: 1763: 1746: 1735:"Philanthropy" 1726: 1720:978-1438905617 1719: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1684: 1675: 1669: 1660: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1628: 1621: 1618: 1574:Sackler family 1559:accountability 1553:, the lack of 1535:democratically 1483:. In the book 1464: 1461: 1430: 1429: 1389: 1387: 1380: 1374: 1371: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1253: 1250: 1234:climate change 1222:United Nations 1199: 1196: 1163: 1160: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1130: 1085: 1082: 1055: 1052: 1029:sustainability 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 993: 990: 940: 391 BCE 913: 910: 906:and profession 874:Main article: 871: 868: 864:Norman Borlaug 806: 803: 735: 732: 720:George Peabody 701:Philadelphians 651:Main article: 648: 645: 634:Herbert Hoover 617: 614: 535:social welfare 527:middle classes 518: 515: 452: 449: 383: 380: 376:Guinness Trust 303: 300: 214: 211: 209: 206: 202:Samuel Johnson 183:Thomas Aquinas 74: 71: 67:philanthropist 61:, focusing on 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7114: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7061: 7060: 7055: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7041: 7039: 7038: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7027: 7021: 7020: 7016: 7013: 7012: 7007: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6998: 6997: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6966: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6945: 6939: 6938: 6934: 6932: 6931: 6927: 6925: 6924: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6912: 6911: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6900: 6898: 6897: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6886: 6884: 6883: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6872: 6870: 6869: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6842: 6840: 6839: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6828: 6826: 6825: 6821: 6819: 6818: 6814: 6812: 6811: 6807: 6805: 6804: 6800: 6798: 6797: 6793: 6791: 6790: 6786: 6784: 6783: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6765: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6754: 6751: 6750: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6736: 6734: 6733: 6729: 6727: 6726: 6722: 6719: 6718: 6713: 6711: 6710: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6699: 6693: 6692: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6602:Sportsmanship 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6567:Righteousness 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6480:Nonattachment 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6410: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6172: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6140:Seven virtues 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6087:Brahmavihārās 6084: 6082: 6081: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6064: 6063:Virtue ethics 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6029:About virtues 6027: 6023: 6016: 6011: 6009: 6004: 6002: 5997: 5996: 5993: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5971: 5970: 5967: 5957: 5956: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5945: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5929: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5917: 5916: 5915: 5914: 5910: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5870: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5800: 5797: 5793: 5783: 5780: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5713:Universities 5712: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5659:Organizations 5656: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5603: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5542:Concentration 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5525: 5522: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5486: 5483: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5454: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5409:Nouveau riche 5406: 5405: 5404: 5401: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5336: 5333: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5298: 5293: 5291: 5286: 5284: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5163:Charity fraud 5161: 5159: 5158:Caffè sospeso 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5139: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5076: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4982: 4979: 4978: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4963:organizations 4957: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4885: 4880: 4878: 4873: 4871: 4866: 4865: 4862: 4856: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4841: 4837: 4835:at Wiktionary 4834: 4833: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4815: 4811: 4810: 4800: 4798:9780691128368 4794: 4789: 4788: 4781: 4777: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4761:(1): 81–104. 4760: 4756: 4751: 4745: 4741: 4739:9781412806732 4735: 4730: 4729: 4722: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4702: 4697: 4696: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4646: 4645: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4624: 4618: 4613: 4612: 4605: 4604: 4586: 4582: 4575: 4573: 4558: 4554: 4547: 4533: 4529: 4522: 4508: 4504: 4497: 4489: 4485: 4478: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4416: 4410: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4303: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4262: 4254: 4246: 4239: 4237: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4206: 4198: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4147: 4143: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4086: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4029: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 3998: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3947: 3937: 3936: 3928: 3920: 3918:9781596916951 3914: 3909: 3908: 3899: 3892: 3890:9789264200999 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3867: 3853:on 2016-08-20 3852: 3845: 3844: 3836: 3834: 3825: 3823:9780857930699 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3752: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3613: 3606: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3407: 3405:9781137343239 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3334: 3327: 3315: 3307: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3286: 3278: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3239: 3235: 3228: 3210: 3204: 3196: 3190: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3149: 3135: 3131: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3093: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3046: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3029:11380/1176822 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 2998: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2958:(1): 233–42, 2957: 2953: 2946: 2938: 2932: 2927: 2926: 2917: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2868: 2860: 2858:9781576078600 2854: 2850: 2845: 2844: 2835: 2827: 2821: 2816: 2815: 2806: 2798: 2791: 2780: 2774: 2769: 2768: 2761: 2757: 2755:9781573563406 2751: 2747: 2742: 2741: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2721: 2716: 2715: 2706: 2696:(3): 268–285. 2695: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2680:9781573563406 2676: 2672: 2667: 2666: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2646: 2644:9781573563406 2640: 2636: 2631: 2630: 2621: 2613: 2609: 2608: 2600: 2592: 2591: 2583: 2575: 2573:9781429933490 2569: 2566:. Macmillan. 2564: 2563: 2554: 2552: 2543: 2536: 2528: 2522: 2517: 2516: 2507: 2505: 2496: 2492: 2485: 2477: 2475:9781317145936 2471: 2467: 2462: 2461: 2452: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2386: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2255: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2220: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2179: 2171: 2164: 2155: 2154: 2145: 2134: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2110: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2053: 2049: 2048:History Today 2042: 2034: 2028: 2023: 2022: 2013: 2011: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1969: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1920: 1912: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1896: 1890: 1889:Roger, N.A.M. 1884: 1869: 1865: 1858: 1856: 1840: 1836: 1830: 1828: 1812: 1805: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1784: 1776: 1775: 1767: 1759: 1758: 1750: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1730: 1722: 1716: 1712: 1705: 1703: 1698: 1688: 1685: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1623: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1602:social issues 1599: 1595: 1594:Purdue Pharma 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1460: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1440: 1436: 1426: 1423: 1415: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1390:This section 1388: 1379: 1378: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1337: 1334: 1333:transnational 1330: 1326: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1249: 1247: 1246:Edward Norton 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1179:philanthropic 1176: 1172: 1168: 1159: 1150: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1060: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1040:globalisation 1037: 1032: 1030: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1002: 998: 989: 987: 984:507 billion ( 983: 977: 975: 970: 968: 964: 959: 957: 946: 930: 923: 918: 909: 903: 899: 894: 892: 887: 883: 877: 867: 865: 861: 857: 853: 850:By 1920, the 848: 846: 842: 838: 833: 832:(1828–1918). 831: 827: 824:(1839–1937), 823: 815: 811: 802: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 775: 773: 769: 768:Carnegie Hall 765: 761: 754: 750: 749: 744: 740: 731: 729: 725: 721: 716: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 693:Cotton Mather 690: 686: 682: 678: 676: 675:Enlightenment 672: 671:Cotton Mather 668: 664: 660: 654: 647:United States 644: 642: 637: 635: 631: 622: 613: 611: 606: 602: 597: 595: 591: 587: 583: 580: 576: 572: 567: 564: 558: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 523:welfare state 514: 510: 508: 504: 503:welfare state 500: 495: 492: 487: 485: 484:French francs 481: 476: 462: 457: 448: 446: 442: 438: 434: 429: 427: 423: 420:. During the 419: 415: 407: 403: 398: 393: 389: 379: 377: 373: 372:Peabody Trust 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 344: 342: 338: 333: 330: 326: 323: 316: 312: 308: 299: 297: 296:Royal Charter 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 274: 270: 266: 261: 259: 255: 251: 247: 244:(such as the 243: 239: 224: 219: 213:Great Britain 205: 203: 199: 195: 194:philanthrôpía 191: 190:Francis Bacon 186: 184: 180: 176: 171: 166: 162: 161: 156: 151: 150:philanthrôpía 146: 141: 138: 137:philanthrôpía 133: 124: 118: 113: 109: 102: 101:Ancient Greek 98: 87: 83: 79: 70: 68: 64: 60: 56: 53:is a form of 52: 47: 40: 33: 19: 7102:Philanthropy 7065: 7049: 7042: 7035: 7017: 7001: 6994: 6960: 6953: 6935: 6928: 6921: 6915: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6852: 6836: 6829: 6824:Brahmacharya 6822: 6815: 6808: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6780: 6762: 6755: 6730: 6723: 6707: 6689: 6673: 6666: 6622:Tranquillity 6572:Self-control 6542:Renunciation 6500:Philanthropy 6499: 6495:Perspicacity 6455:Magnificence 6408:Intelligence 6388:Impartiality 6308:Faithfulness 6196:Authenticity 6122: 6108:Five virtues 6085: 6078: 6058:Trait theory 6045: 5953: 5947: 5939: 5926: 5912: 5904: 5840:Philanthropy 5839: 5822: 5621: 5547:Distribution 5524:Robber baron 5433:Veblen goods 5428:Luxury goods 5417: 5408: 5188:Donor intent 5112:CharityWatch 5013:Service club 4988:Crowdfunding 4950:Volunteering 4945:Philanthropy 4944: 4845:Philanthropy 4832:philanthropy 4831: 4821:at Wikiquote 4819:Philanthropy 4786: 4775: 4758: 4754: 4727: 4716: 4694: 4675: 4671: 4643: 4631: 4610: 4588:. Retrieved 4584: 4560:. Retrieved 4557:the Guardian 4556: 4546: 4535:. Retrieved 4531: 4521: 4510:. Retrieved 4506: 4496: 4487: 4477: 4466:. Retrieved 4463:www.abfe.org 4462: 4453: 4442:. Retrieved 4438: 4429: 4418:. Retrieved 4409: 4398:. Retrieved 4394: 4385: 4374:. Retrieved 4370: 4361: 4316: 4312: 4302: 4269: 4265: 4253: 4244: 4223:. Retrieved 4219:the original 4214: 4205: 4196: 4174:. Retrieved 4170: 4160: 4149:. Retrieved 4145: 4135: 4100: 4096: 4085: 4042: 4038: 4028: 4011: 4007: 3997: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3934: 3927: 3906: 3898: 3872: 3866: 3855:. Retrieved 3851:the original 3842: 3805: 3798: 3765: 3761: 3751: 3715: 3711: 3672: 3668: 3655: 3622: 3618: 3605: 3569: 3565: 3550:. Retrieved 3546: 3534: 3523:. Retrieved 3514: 3505: 3489: 3474:. Retrieved 3470: 3453: 3440: 3427: 3417: 3387: 3354: 3350: 3341: 3284: 3277: 3266:. Retrieved 3262:BusinessWire 3261: 3252: 3241:. Retrieved 3237: 3227: 3216:. Retrieved 3203: 3189:cite journal 3178:. 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Retrieved 1804: 1793: 1783: 1773: 1766: 1756: 1749: 1738: 1729: 1710: 1563: 1551:public goods 1539:billionaires 1531: 1484: 1466: 1433: 1418: 1409: 1398: 1391: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1338: 1322: 1298:Newman's Own 1242:Mark Ruffalo 1216: 1206:support and 1201: 1193: 1173:-affiliated 1166: 1165: 1156: 1148: 1124: 1113: 1109: 1101: 1099: 1087: 1075: 1064: 1057: 1033: 1013: 999: 995: 978: 971: 960: 956:Confucianism 926: 895: 879: 849: 834: 819: 776: 772:Peace Palace 758: 746: 717: 696: 688: 685:Daniel Defoe 679: 656: 638: 627: 598: 590:kindergarten 582:labor unions 568: 559: 520: 511: 507:War veterans 496: 488: 472: 441:World War II 430: 414:Henry Dunant 411: 404:, after the 368:middle class 345: 334: 319: 302:19th century 279:Jonas Hanway 277: 265:Thomas Coram 262: 235: 198:Aristotelian 193: 187: 158: 142: 104: 97:philanthropy 96: 94: 86:Ancient Rome 66: 51:Philanthropy 50: 49: 6642:Workmanship 6532:Punctuality 6450:Magnanimity 6373:Hospitality 6323:Forgiveness 6268:Discernment 6226:Cleanliness 5906:Das Kapital 5775:by category 5497:Millionaire 5463:Billionaire 5421:(old money) 5418:Vieux riche 5412:(new money) 5403:Upper class 4935:Fundraising 4898:Main topics 4634:. ABC Clio. 4014:(4): 4855. 3490:QUT ePrints 3471:QUT ePrints 3454:QUT ePrints 3428:QUT ePrints 2497:(1): 75–86. 2311:(1): 1–23. 2054:(3): 31–35. 1452:dilapidated 1412:August 2023 1208:foreign aid 1094:inclusivity 1044:consumerism 691:(1697) and 669:theologian 579:socialistic 569:Chancellor 551:bourgeoisie 531:aristocracy 486:in assets. 468: 1920 382:Switzerland 329:slave trade 230: 1753 225:in London, 192:considered 145:Middle Ages 143:During the 106:φιλανθρωπία 59:public good 6955:Auctoritas 6803:Aparigraha 6782:Adhiṭṭhāna 6764:Sophrosyne 6732:Eutrapelia 6617:Temperance 6597:Solidarity 6587:Simplicity 6547:Resilience 6522:Politeness 6490:Patriotism 6470:Moderation 6343:Good faith 6333:Generosity 6293:Equanimity 6273:Discipline 6231:Compassion 5978:by country 5927:Superclass 5572:Management 5382:Plutocracy 5220:wealthiest 4976:Foundation 4961:charitable 4920:Compassion 4706:025333392X 4590:2021-11-15 4562:2021-11-15 4537:2021-11-15 4512:2021-11-15 4468:2024-09-11 4444:2024-09-11 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