51:
443:
373:, bearing letters to Theodahad and the Gothic nobles, and for a time it seemed as if the cradle of the Roman Empire would return peacefully to the fold. It was not to be: upon their arrival in Ravenna, the Byzantine envoys found Theodahad in a changed disposition. Supported by the Gothic nobility and buoyed up by a success against Mundus in Dalmatia, he resolved to resist, and imprisoned the ambassadors.
254:
336:, he explicitly claims that Peter arranged the murder of Amalasuntha on instructions from Theodora, who feared her as a potential rival for Justinian's attentions. Whatever assurances might have been privately given by Theodora to Theodahad, in public, Peter strongly condemned the act, and declared that there would be "war without truce between the emperor and themselves" as a result.
328:, on his way to Italy, and notified Constantinople, seeking new instructions. Emperor Justinian ordered him to convey the message to Theodahad that Amalasuntha was under the Emperor's protection and not to be harmed. Nevertheless, at the time Peter arrived in Italy, Amalasuntha had been killed; Procopius's narrative in the
466:, the two envoys concluded a fifty-year peace between the two empires and their respective allies. The annual Roman subsidies to Persia would resume, but the amount was lowered from 500 to 420 pounds of gold. Further clauses regulated cross-border trade, which was to be limited to the two cities of Dara and
368:
was to be sent as an annual tribute and up to 3,000 men were to be provided for the imperial army, underlining
Theodahad's subject status. Theodahad, however, fearing that his first offer would be rejected, then instructed Peter, under oath, to offer the cession of all Italy, but only if the original
650:
Peter was the first late Roman/Byzantine author to write on imperial ceremonies, beginning a tradition that lasted unto the 14th century. His histories are also an important historical source; for instance, his work alone preserves the negotiations and provisions of the Roman–Persian treaty of 298
343:
to the imperial couple, bearing pleas for a peaceful solution, but by the time he reached the imperial capital, Emperor
Justinian had resolved on war and was preparing his forces. Consequently, Peter returned to Italy in the summer of 535 conveying an
554:
From quite early in his career, Peter was renowned for his learning, his passion for reading, and his discussions with scholars. As a speaker, he was eloquent and persuasive; Procopius calls him "fitted by nature to persuade men", while
364:. Upon hearing these news, Theodahad despaired, and Peter was able to secure wide-ranging concessions from him: Sicily was to be ceded to the Byzantine Empire; the Gothic king's authority within Italy was severely restricted; a gold
535:, Peter was a paragon of every virtue, an intelligent, firm but fair administrator and a kind man. Procopius in his public histories attests his mild manners and desire to avoid giving insult, but in his private
348:: only if Theodahad abdicated and returned Italy to imperial rule, could war be averted. A two-pronged Byzantine offensive followed soon thereafter, attacking the outlying possessions of the Ostrogothic kingdom:
607:(r. 306–337) to the time of Justinian, containing a list of its holders and descriptions of various imperial ceremonies, several of which are reproduced in chapters 84–95 of the first volume of the 10th-century
304:. During his time in Constantinople, Peter lived in the so-called "old Petrin" house that was later named after himself. In 534, on account of his rhetorical skills, he was employed as an imperial envoy to the
409:. He would hold this post for 26 consecutive years, longer by a wide margin than any other before or after. At about the same time or shortly thereafter, he was raised to the supreme title of
575:, who relied on Peter's work for his own history, accuses him of boastfulness and of rewriting the records to enhance his own role and performance in the negotiations with the Persians.
324:. Following the death of Athalaric, Theodahad usurped the throne, imprisoned Amalasuntha, and sent messages to Emperor Justinian hoping for recognition. Peter met the envoys at
240:. His historical writings survive only in fragments, but provide unique source material on early Byzantine ceremonies and diplomatic issues between Byzantium and the Sassanids.
369:
concessions were rejected by
Justinian. In the event, Justinian rejected the first proposal, and was delighted to learn of the second one. Peter was sent back to Italy with
617:(r. 913–959); and an account of his diplomatic mission to the Persian Empire in 561–562, which was used as a source by Menander Protector, and is found in Constantine's
547:) and being "the biggest thief in the world and absolutely filled with shameful avarice", as well as being responsible for the murder of Amalasuntha. In the
450:
In 550, he was sent as envoy by
Justinian to negotiate a peace treaty with Persia, a role he reprised in 561, when he met the Persian envoy Izedh Gushnap at
670:
527:
As one of the leading officials of the age, Peter was a controversial figure, receiving greatly differing assessments from his contemporaries. To
224:, head of the imperial secretariat, which he held for an unparalleled 26 years. In this capacity, he was one of the leading ministers of Emperor
1875:
1299:
1270:
677:, including additional fragments which used to be considered the work of the Roman historian Cassius Dio's so-called Anonymous Continuer.
1850:
516:
595:
in 361 AD, of which about twenty fragments are extant (it has been suggested that the third-century material in this was taken from
1257:
From Late
Antiquity to Early Byzantium: Proceedings of the Byzantinological Symposium in the 16th International Eirene Conference
515:("Count of the Sacred Largess") thereafter; in the same year, he also led an unsuccessful embassy to Persia to end the ongoing
393:("Master of the Offices"), one of the highest positions in the state, heading the palace secretariat, the imperial guards (the
1184:
1118:
756:
470:, the return of fugitives, and the protection of the respective religious minorities (Christians in the Persian Empire and
1255:
Antonopoulos, Panagiotis T. (1985). "Petrus
Patricius. Some Aspects of his Life and Career". In Vavřínek, Vladimiŕ (ed.).
627:("On Political Science"), a six-volume book discussing political theory, drawing extensively from Classical texts such as
474:
in
Byzantium). In exchange for Persian recognition for the existence of Dara, whose construction had originally sparked a
982:
1292:
1865:
1756:
1229:
1205:
1163:
1139:
532:
387:, in exchange for Gothic envoys. As a reward for his services, Emperor Justinian then appointed Peter to the post of
31:
1679:
614:
436:
17:
1241:
Prophecy and
History in the Crisis of the Roman Empire: A Historical Commentary on the Thirteenth Sibylline Oracle
791:
775:
492:, without however achieving a result. He then returned to Constantinople, where he died sometime after March 565.
1014:
370:
1097:
859:
843:
827:
811:
1895:
1564:
1154:
583:
Peter wrote three books, all of which survive only in fragments: a history of the first four centuries of the
383:
Peter remained imprisoned in
Ravenna for three years, until released in June/July 539 by the new Gothic king,
1285:
480:
228:(r. 527–565), playing an important role in the Byzantine emperor's religious policies and the relations with
1885:
1860:
1855:
1219:
1512:
1689:
1365:
511:
1431:
428:
551:, Peter is said to have been called "Barsymios the Syrian, who held many honours with distinction."
1880:
1554:
548:
410:
207:
488:
and Ambros, in spring 562, Peter travelled to Persia to negotiate directly with the
Persian Shah,
1797:
1486:
1436:
1401:
1345:
233:
1622:
1340:
1320:
619:
501:
301:
258:
1761:
1735:
1522:
1451:
1406:
604:
506:
281:
100:
1709:
1538:
1517:
1466:
1411:
1396:
1099:
History of the Later Roman Empire: From Arcadius to Irene (395 A.D. to 800 A.D.), Volume II
633:
8:
1845:
1840:
1751:
1638:
1496:
1360:
1335:
389:
305:
220:
63:
210:. Despite his diplomatic skill, he was not able to avert war, and was imprisoned by the
50:
1890:
1807:
1802:
1730:
1461:
1416:
1264:
1215:
751:. Dumbarton Oaks medieval library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press. p. 205.
572:
463:
451:
285:
1870:
1812:
1771:
1766:
1684:
1575:
1569:
1456:
1426:
1225:
1201:
1180:
1159:
1149:
1135:
1114:
1093:
752:
395:
203:
1663:
1617:
1559:
1491:
1481:
405:
365:
357:
187:
69:
1787:
1714:
1658:
1648:
1643:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1421:
1195:
1174:
1129:
1108:
442:
400:
229:
669:, published by Routledge in 2015, is an annotated translation from the Greek by
435:, who opposed the emperor on the issue. Peter is also recorded as attending the
1817:
1694:
1653:
1607:
592:
478:, the Byzantines agreed to limit their troops there and remove the seat of the
475:
415:
297:
164:
156:
1834:
1704:
1612:
1350:
643:
609:
588:
495:
His son Theodore, nicknamed Kontocheres or Zetonoumios, would succeed him as
432:
623:. Until recently, Peter was also ascribed the authorship of the 6th-century
1792:
1699:
1446:
596:
584:
471:
420:
340:
269:
559:, who witnessed his embassies to the Ostrogoth court, also praises him as
339:
Peter then returned to Constantinople with letters from Theodahad and the
556:
313:
289:
225:
1330:
1277:
528:
489:
349:
1476:
1375:
455:
427:, he took part in the discussions with Western bishops in 548 on the
345:
321:
317:
277:
273:
237:
195:
1176:
Information and Frontiers: Roman Foreign Relations in Late Antiquity
257:
Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) and his entourage, mosaic from the
1441:
1391:
1325:
1221:
The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume III, AD 527–641
652:
361:
312:. At the time, a power struggle was developing there between Queen
218:
for a few years. Upon his release, he was appointed to the post of
191:
509:. He held the post until some time before 576, being appointed as
325:
1370:
1355:
571:("most wise"). On the other hand, the late 6th-century historian
467:
384:
309:
262:
215:
656:
638:
485:
459:
353:
199:
499:
in 566, after a brief interval where the post was held by the
484:
from the city. As disagreements remained on two border areas,
253:
628:
211:
169:
1131:
The Age of Justinian: The Circumstances of Imperial Power
293:
1110:
Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals
1035:
458:. Reaching an agreement over the Persian evacuation of
419:("most glorious one"). He was also awarded an honorary
431:, and was repeatedly sent as an envoy in 551–553 to
296:, he embarked on a successful career as a lawyer in
1832:
1158:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
300:, which brought him to the attention of Empress
1197:The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian
1102:. New York and London: Macmillan & Company.
749:Accounts of medieval Constantinople: the Patria
248:
232:; most notably he led the negotiations for the
284:, however, his origin was from Solachon, near
1293:
446:The Roman–Persian border as agreed in 561–562
1254:
1106:
1077:
926:
1300:
1286:
1269:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1214:
997:
993:
991:
965:
953:
941:
937:
935:
910:
895:
731:
695:
691:
689:
49:
1224:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1200:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1179:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1113:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1107:Dignas, Beate; Winter, Engelbert (2007).
1025:
1023:
727:
725:
30:For the 9th-century Byzantine saint, see
1307:
906:
904:
441:
252:
988:
932:
686:
14:
1833:
1238:
1041:
1020:
802:
800:
746:
722:
376:
1281:
1127:
922:
901:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
647:. It too survives only in fragments.
462:and the delineation of the border in
202:, he was repeatedly sent as envoy to
1193:
1092:
1029:
855:
839:
823:
787:
771:
742:
740:
1172:
1128:Evans, James Allan Stewart (1996).
883:
797:
413:and the supreme senatorial rank of
236:of 562 that ended the 20-year-long
24:
1248:
1155:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
701:
505:("Quaestor of the Sacred Palace")
25:
1907:
1876:People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars
1757:Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos
737:
591:in 44 BC to the death of Emperor
533:praetorian prefecture of the East
198:. A well-educated and successful
32:Peter the Patrician (9th century)
1851:6th-century Byzantine historians
1680:Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger
615:Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos
531:, a mid-level bureaucrat of the
437:Second Council of Constantinople
1148:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1003:
971:
959:
947:
916:
889:
877:
871:
865:
849:
716:
539:he accuses him of "robbing the
272:about the year 500, and was of
1565:Nikephoros I of Constantinople
833:
817:
781:
765:
747:Berger, Albrecht, ed. (2013).
599:); a history of the office of
567:("most eloquent man"), and as
332:is ambiguous here, but in his
13:
1:
680:
522:
481:magister militum per Orientem
180:
129:
673:of the fragments of Peter's
249:Early career: envoy to Italy
243:
7:
603:from its institution under
578:
316:, regent to the young king
10:
1912:
1690:Eustathius of Thessalonica
1366:Socrates of Constantinople
1243:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1086:
512:comes sacrarum largitionum
170:
29:
1780:
1744:
1723:
1672:
1631:
1585:
1547:
1531:
1505:
1432:Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite
1384:
1313:
1259:. Prague. pp. 49–53.
1239:Potter, David S. (1990).
429:Three-Chapter Controversy
168:
146:
138:
125:
120:
116:
106:
94:
86:
75:
61:
57:
48:
41:
1866:Ministers of Justinian I
1555:Theophanes the Confessor
1078:Dignas & Winter 2007
927:Dignas & Winter 2007
625:Peri Politikes Epistemes
549:Patria of Constantinople
1798:Laonikos Chalkokondyles
1487:Theophanes of Byzantium
1437:Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor
1402:Eustathius of Epiphania
1346:Panodorus of Alexandria
1134:. New York: Routledge.
1623:Theophanes Continuatus
1341:Olympiodorus of Thebes
1321:Annianus of Alexandria
1194:Maas, Michael (2005).
667:of Peter the Patrician
543:" (the members of the
502:quaestor sacri palatii
447:
265:
259:Basilica of San Vitale
206:in the prelude to the
160:
1896:6th-century diplomats
1818:Pseudo-George Kodinos
1762:John VI Kantakouzenos
1736:Theodore Skoutariotes
1523:Theophylact Simocatta
1452:Liberatus of Carthage
1407:Evagrius Scholasticus
1068:, pp. 1629–1630.
1056:, pp. 596, 1641.
968:, pp. 1255–1256.
605:Constantine the Great
517:war over the Caucasus
445:
282:Theophylact Simocatta
256:
208:Gothic War of 535–554
1710:Constantine Manasses
1539:Hippolytus of Thebes
1518:Trajan the Patrician
1412:Hesychius of Miletus
1397:Cyril of Scythopolis
1308:Byzantine historians
587:, from the death of
276:origin according to
1886:6th-century jurists
1861:Magistri officiorum
1856:Byzantine diplomats
1752:Nicephorus Gregoras
1639:Michael Attaleiates
1472:Peter the Patrician
1361:Sabinus of Heraclea
1216:Martindale, John R.
1173:Lee, A. D. (1993).
956:, pp. 997–998.
929:, pp. 144–148.
913:, pp. 996–997.
601:magister officiorum
561:vir eloquentissimus
497:magister officiorum
390:magister officiorum
378:Magister officiorum
221:magister officiorum
186:–565) was a senior
177:Petros ho Patrikios
153:Peter the Patrician
64:Magister officiorum
27:Byzantine historian
1803:Michael Critobulus
1731:George Akropolites
1462:Menander Protector
1417:John Diakrinomenos
1150:Kazhdan, Alexander
1094:Bury, John Bagnell
671:Thomas M. Banchich
573:Menander Protector
448:
268:Peter was born in
266:
171:Πέτρος ὁ Πατρίκιος
1826:
1825:
1813:George Sphrantzes
1772:Michael Panaretos
1767:George Pachymeres
1685:Niketas Choniates
1576:Scriptor Incertus
1570:George Hamartolos
1457:Marcellinus Comes
1427:John of Epiphania
1186:978-0-521-39256-3
1120:978-0-521-61407-8
758:978-0-674-72481-5
403:with the dreaded
396:Scholae Palatinae
320:, and her cousin
306:Ostrogothic court
292:. After studying
204:Ostrogothic Italy
150:
149:
16:(Redirected from
1903:
1664:Yahya of Antioch
1618:Symeon Logothete
1560:George Syncellus
1492:Zacharias Rhetor
1482:Theodorus Lector
1302:
1295:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1260:
1244:
1235:
1211:
1190:
1169:
1145:
1124:
1103:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1018:
1011:De Bello Gothico
1007:
1001:
995:
986:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
930:
920:
914:
908:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
853:
847:
837:
831:
821:
815:
808:De Bello Gothico
804:
795:
785:
779:
769:
763:
762:
744:
735:
729:
720:
714:
699:
693:
406:agentes in rebus
185:
182:
174:
173:
172:
161:Petrus Patricius
134:
131:
121:Personal details
109:
97:
80:
70:Byzantine Empire
53:
39:
38:
21:
18:Petrus Patricius
1911:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1881:Illyrian people
1831:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1788:John Anagnostes
1776:
1740:
1719:
1715:Joannes Zonaras
1668:
1659:John Xiphilinus
1649:Michael Psellos
1644:George Kedrenos
1627:
1603:John Kaminiates
1598:Joseph Genesius
1593:Constantine VII
1581:
1543:
1527:
1513:John of Antioch
1501:
1422:John of Ephesus
1380:
1309:
1306:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1249:Further reading
1232:
1208:
1187:
1166:
1142:
1121:
1089:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1021:
1008:
1004:
998:Martindale 1992
996:
989:
976:
972:
966:Martindale 1992
964:
960:
954:Martindale 1992
952:
948:
942:Martindale 1992
940:
933:
925:, p. 259;
921:
917:
911:Martindale 1992
909:
902:
896:Martindale 1992
894:
890:
882:
878:
874:, p. 1267.
870:
866:
854:
850:
838:
834:
822:
818:
805:
798:
786:
782:
770:
766:
759:
745:
738:
732:Martindale 1992
730:
723:
719:, p. 1641.
715:
702:
698:, p. 1482.
696:Martindale 1992
694:
687:
683:
581:
525:
381:
280:; according to
251:
246:
234:peace agreement
230:Sassanid Persia
183:
132:
107:
95:
81:
76:
67:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1909:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1695:Michael Glykas
1692:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1654:John Skylitzes
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1608:Leo the Deacon
1605:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1230:
1218:, ed. (1992).
1212:
1206:
1191:
1185:
1170:
1164:
1152:, ed. (1991).
1146:
1140:
1125:
1119:
1104:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1080:, p. 122.
1070:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1032:, p. 390.
1019:
1002:
1000:, p. 998.
987:
979:Secret History
970:
958:
946:
944:, p. 997.
931:
915:
900:
898:, p. 996.
888:
876:
864:
848:
832:
816:
796:
780:
764:
757:
736:
734:, p. 994.
721:
700:
684:
682:
679:
593:Constantius II
580:
577:
569:sapientissimus
537:Secret History
524:
521:
416:gloriosissimus
380:
375:
334:Secret History
298:Constantinople
250:
247:
245:
242:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
136:
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1705:John Kinnamos
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1613:Pseudo-Simeon
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1231:0-521-20160-8
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1207:0-521-81746-3
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1199:
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1177:
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1165:0-19-504652-8
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943:
938:
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886:, p. 43.
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845:
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836:
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664:
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645:
644:De re publica
640:
636:
635:
630:
626:
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621:
616:
612:
611:
610:De Ceremoniis
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
589:Julius Caesar
586:
576:
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566:
565:disertissimus
562:
558:
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546:
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538:
534:
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477:
473:
469:
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457:
454:, to end the
453:
444:
440:
438:
434:
433:Pope Vigilius
430:
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264:
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217:
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166:
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137:
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124:
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111:
105:
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93:
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85:
79:
74:
71:
66:
65:
60:
56:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
1828:
1793:John Cananus
1781:15th century
1745:14th century
1724:13th century
1700:Anna Komnene
1673:12th century
1632:11th century
1586:10th century
1574:
1471:
1447:John Malalas
1256:
1240:
1220:
1196:
1175:
1153:
1130:
1109:
1098:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1037:
1010:
1005:
978:
973:
961:
949:
918:
891:
879:
867:
851:
835:
819:
807:
783:
767:
748:
674:
666:
662:
661:
649:
642:
634:The Republic
632:
624:
618:
608:
600:
597:Philostratus
585:Roman Empire
582:
568:
564:
560:
553:
544:
540:
536:
526:
510:
500:
496:
494:
479:
472:Zoroastrians
449:
439:in May 553.
424:
414:
404:
394:
388:
382:
377:
341:Roman Senate
338:
333:
329:
270:Thessalonica
267:
219:
176:
152:
151:
108:Succeeded by
77:
62:
36:
1548:9th century
1532:8th century
1506:7th century
1385:6th century
1314:5th century
1042:Potter 1990
1009:Procopius.
977:Procopius.
858:, pp.
842:, pp.
826:, pp.
806:Procopius.
790:, pp.
774:, pp.
613:of Emperor
557:Cassiodorus
401:Public Post
399:), and the
314:Amalasuntha
290:Mesopotamia
226:Justinian I
96:Preceded by
90:Justinian I
1846:565 deaths
1841:500 births
1835:Categories
1331:John Rufus
923:Evans 1996
681:References
529:John Lydus
523:Assessment
507:Anastasius
490:Chosroes I
421:consulship
371:Athanasius
350:Belisarius
330:Gothic War
190:official,
184: 500
133: 500
112:Anastasius
1891:Lazic War
1477:Procopius
1376:Theodoret
1265:cite book
1096:(1923) .
1030:Maas 2005
856:Bury 1923
840:Bury 1923
824:Bury 1923
788:Bury 1923
772:Bury 1923
541:scholares
476:brief war
456:Lazic War
411:patrician
346:ultimatum
322:Theodahad
318:Athalaric
278:Procopius
244:Biography
238:Lazic War
196:historian
188:Byzantine
101:Basilides
78:In office
1871:Patricii
1467:Nonnosus
1442:Jordanes
1392:Agathias
1326:Eunapius
1044:, Ch. 2.
884:Lee 1993
665:History
663:The Lost
653:Galerius
651:between
620:Excerpta
579:Writings
425:magister
362:Dalmatia
360:invaded
356:, while
302:Theodora
274:Illyrian
192:diplomat
1497:Zosimus
1371:Sozomen
1356:Priscus
1336:Malchus
1087:Sources
983:XXIV.24
860:173–175
844:172–173
828:168–169
792:164–166
776:161–164
675:History
545:Scholae
468:Nisibis
464:Armenia
385:Witigis
310:Ravenna
263:Ravenna
216:Ravenna
87:Monarch
82:539–565
68:of the
1808:Doukas
1228:
1204:
1183:
1162:
1138:
1117:
755:
657:Narseh
639:Cicero
486:Suania
460:Lazica
358:Mundus
354:Sicily
200:lawyer
194:, and
629:Plato
423:. As
366:crown
352:took
326:Aulon
212:Goths
165:Greek
157:Latin
43:Peter
1271:link
1226:ISBN
1202:ISBN
1181:ISBN
1160:ISBN
1136:ISBN
1115:ISBN
753:ISBN
655:and
637:and
563:and
452:Dara
286:Dara
139:Died
126:Born
1066:ODB
1054:ODB
1015:I.3
872:ODB
812:I.4
717:ODB
641:'s
631:'s
308:at
294:law
288:in
261:in
214:in
142:565
1837::
1267:}}
1263:{{
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1013:,
990:^
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724:^
703:^
688:^
659:.
519:.
181:c.
179:;
175:,
167::
163:,
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130:c.
1301:e
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1234:.
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1189:.
1168:.
1144:.
1123:.
1017:.
985:.
862:.
846:.
830:.
814:.
794:.
778:.
761:.
155:(
34:.
20:)
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