1338:
173:
1327:
131:
1446:, and Rusticus, complaining to emperor Justinian. Bessas was recalled, but Rusticus and his brother John eventually murdered Gubazes. To redress this with a victory on the battlefield, the Byzantine generals launched a full-scale assault at Onoguris, which was repulsed by a small force under Nachoragan, who momentarily took and destroyed the main Byzantine base at Archaeopolis, which Mihr-Mihroe had twice tried and failed to take. These defeats and the murder of the Lazic king caused a bitter feud between the Lazic and Byzantine generals. The Lazi people got the Emperor to nominate
39:
1350:
1296:
1723:
After 545 truces brought peace to most of the border regions, but the war lingered in the
Caucasus until 561, when Khosrow and Justinian finally agreed to a fifty-year peace. There was no definite victor, but the Sasanian Empire was in a slightly better position as Rome was obliged to pay a fixed sum
1598:
After 545 truces brought peace to most of the border regions, but the war lingered in the
Caucasus until 561, when Khosrow and Justinian finally agreed to a fifty-year peace. There was no definite victor, but the Sasanian Empire was in a slightly better position as Rome was obliged to pay a fixed sum
1361:
In Lazica, Khosrow I's attempt to establish direct
Persian control over the country and the missionary zeal of the Zoroastrian priests soon caused discontent in Christian Lazica and King Gubazes revolted in 548, this time against the Persians. Gubazes II requested aid from Emperor
1414:
and fierce fighting as Mihr-Mihroe did not arrive in time. The latter unsuccessfully diverted his force against
Archaeopolis in 551 as many of his men were lost due to a lack of supplies. However, the latter was unopposed elsewhere in the field and managed to capture
1484:
was obliged to pay tribute to Persia each year for the recognition of Lazica as a Roman vassal state. Although no clear winner emerged from the conflict, the
Sasanian Empire thus held a slight advantage since Rome was required to pay a set amount to Persia annually.
1512:
The
Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia (2 volumes): A Historical... Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine. "When the war finally ended the Persian Sasanians had triumphed, forcing the Byzantine emperor to pay 400 pounds of gold
1450:, the younger brother of Gubazes, as their new king, and Senator Athanasius investigated the assassination. Rusticus and John were arrested, tried, and executed. In 556, the allies retook Archaeopolis and routed Nachoragan in his abortive
1165:
to the coasts of the Black Sea. Persians on the other side hoped to gain access to the sea, and control a territory from which Iberia, which was by now under their firm domination, could be threatened.
1133:, which obligated the Byzantine Empire to pay tribute to Persia each year for the recognition of Lazica as a Byzantine vassal state by Persians. The Lazic War is narrated in detail in the works of
1394:
defeated a small
Byzantine force guarding the mountain passes and then relieved the besieged Petra. Lacking enough supplies, Mihr-Mihroe garrisoned 3,000 men in the fortress and marched to
1315:
the
Byzantine main stronghold of Petra, and established another protectorate over the country. Khosrow I retreated to Persia a year later after an abortive invasion of Commagene. In 543, a
1283:. When Tzibus curtailed the freedom of trade of Lazic tradesmen to advance Byzantine interests, the popular dissatisfaction led to a full-scale uprising in 541, and the weakened king,
1035:
1050:
368:
429:
463:
742:
1707:
Leppin, Hartmut (2021). "The
Eastern Roman Empire and Its Neighbours in the "Age of Justinian" â An Overview". In Meier, Mischa; Montinaro, Federico (eds.).
1582:
Leppin, Hartmut (2021). "The
Eastern Roman Empire and Its Neighbours in the "Age of Justinian" â An Overview". In Meier, Mischa; Montinaro, Federico (eds.).
949:
241:
1402:
in 549. The next Persian offensive also proved to be unsuccessful with the commander Chorianes killed in a decisive battle at the river Hippis (now the
1065:
396:
1233:" Treaty of 532. By that time, in order to foster their influence over the local monarchy, the Byzantines had insisted on the conversion of the king,
1040:
373:
1169:
Lazica featured a difficult terrain and was surrounded by naturally impregnable borders. Besides, it was protected by strong fortresses, including
422:
331:
735:
1888:
1194:
1903:
415:
1337:
1893:
709:
704:
728:
1873:
468:
1443:
1406:). Nevertheless, the Persians manage to resupply Petra. The new Byzantine commander Bessas quelled a pro-Persian revolt of the
845:
539:
237:
1821:
1716:
1691:
1591:
1546:
679:
505:
534:
1082:
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324:
840:
591:
1161:, had a key strategic importance for both empires. For Byzantines, it was a barrier against a Persian advance through
1800:
1781:
1390:
the fortress of Petra but faced tough resistance from its heavily outnumbered garrison. Persian reinforcements under
684:
1273:). In 536, however, the Byzantine presence turned into a full protectorate, as the king lost many powers to the new
1868:
855:
611:
490:
1431:
by stratagem and forced them to retreat to Nesos. Mihr-Mihroe died of illness shortly after and was replaced by
1427:, which were also captured by him later. In the summer of 555, he dislodged a superior Byzantine-Lazic force at
1878:
1838:
1428:
1045:
919:
633:
381:
317:
1162:
944:
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1883:
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30:
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1773:
History of the Later Roman Empire: From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian, Volume 2
1439:
996:
648:
596:
515:
510:
233:
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172:
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1454:. In the autumn and winter of the same year, the Byzantines suppressed a rebellion staged by the
1130:
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and the fortress of Uthimereos, blocking the important roads to the highland regions of
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1398:
leaving 5,000 soldiers to supply Petra. This force was destroyed by Dagisthaeus at the
1249:
predecessor) in 522/3. Byzantine garrisons were stationed in Lazica and in neighboring
1077:
954:
934:
830:
777:
1261:, was fortified, as well as the southern access to the kingdom on the coastal road at
1229:
recognized Lazica (Egrisi) as part of the Roman/Byzantine sphere of influence by the "
1817:
1796:
1777:
1749:
Transoxiana: Journal Libre de Estudios Orientales (Transoxiana Webfestschrift Series)
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In 557, a truce ended the hostilities between the Byzantines and Persians. By the
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was defeated by a small Persian force at Anglon, and Khosrow I unsuccessfully
1852:
1810:
Martindale, John Robert; Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin; Morris, J., eds. (1992).
1742:"Sixth Century Alania: Between Byzantium, Sasanian Iran and the Turkic World"
1640:
1300:
1262:
1186:
1170:
1129:. The Lazic War lasted for twenty years, from 541 to 562, and ended with the
549:
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The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume III: A.D. 527â641
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in Mesopotamia a year later. A peace treaty was signed in 545.
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44:
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1287:, secretly sought Persian assistance against the Byzantines.
153:
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1816:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
1307:
Those calls were answered that year by the Persian king
1153:, and controlling important mountain passes across the
1809:
1665:
1534:
1410:
tribe, took and dismantled the fort of Petra after a
1237:: he received both baptism and royal attributes in
1257:, Sebastopolis and Pitius. The kingdom's capital,
1438:King Gubazes quarreled with Byzantine commanders
1850:
1538:Delphi Complete Works of Procopius (Illustrated)
1839:History of the Later Roman Empire by J. B. Bury
1303:fortress and the Church of St. John the Baptist
1776:. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
1711:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 13.
1586:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 13.
1565:
16:War between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires
1795:. South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military.
1149:Lazica, situated on the eastern shore of the
736:
423:
325:
1625:"Lazian Army of the Lazic War (541-562 CE)"
1330:The remains of the Roman fortifications of
1686:. Cambridge University Press. p. 34.
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416:
332:
318:
1622:
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1739:
1629:Journal of Politics and Democratization
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1374:. Justinian sent 7,000 Roman and 1,000
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1790:
1706:
1581:
437:
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1653:
1610:
1109:or in Georgian historiography as the
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411:
313:
1766:
1709:A Companion to Procopius of Caesarea
1681:
1669:
1584:A Companion to Procopius of Caesarea
1889:6th century in the Byzantine Empire
1684:A History of the Later Roman Empire
1666:Martindale, Jones & Morris 1992
13:
1904:Wars involving the Sasanian Empire
1793:Belisarius: The Last Roman General
1253:, mostly in the coastal cities of
14:
1915:
1832:
1623:Khoperia, Nika (20 August 2021).
1894:6th century in Georgia (country)
1759:Histoire de la nation géorgienne
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37:
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1874:Invasions of Georgia (country)
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1535:Procopius of Caesarea (2016).
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1:
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540:Campaign of Severus Alexander
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1478:"Fifty Years Peace" of Dara
1121:for control of the ancient
1056:Onoguris (3rd Archaeopolis)
634:Julian's Persian expedition
612:Perso-Roman wars of 337â361
387:Onoguris (3rd Archaeopolis)
10:
1920:
1732:
1469:
1465:
1462:, and finally made peace.
501:Trajan's Parthian campaign
469:PompeianâParthian invasion
1756:Salia, Kalistrat (1980).
1566:
1317:Roman invasion of Armenia
1144:
1113:, was fought between the
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516:Parthian war of Caracalla
464:Caesar's planned invasion
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36:
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23:
1740:Alemany, AgustĂ (2003).
1472:Fifty-Year Peace Treaty
1131:Fifty-Year Peace Treaty
986:Sasanian war of 540â562
673:ByzantineâSasanian wars
506:Lucius Verus' campaigns
96:Fifty-Year Peace Treaty
31:ByzantineâSasanian wars
1386:to assist Gubazes and
1358:
1346:
1334:
1311:, who entered Lazica,
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1290:
491:Mark Antony's campaign
208:Commanders and leaders
111:Status quo ante bellum
1879:6th-century conflicts
1668:, pp. 559, 639;
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1340:
1329:
1298:
496:Armenian War of 58â63
1791:Hughes, Ian (2009).
1724:to Persia each year.
1682:Bury, J. B. (2015).
1599:to Persia each year.
1429:Telephis and Ollaria
1382:) auxiliaries under
1366:and allied with the
1105:, also known as the
846:Babosis and Zerboule
296:Gubazes II of Lazica
258:Gubazes II of Lazica
136:Eastern Roman Empire
1884:6th century in Iran
1869:RomanâSasanian Wars
1864:Wars of Justinian I
1844:Wars of Justinian I
1672:, pp. 101â102.
1541:. Delphi Classics.
1111:Great War of Egrisi
528:RomanâSasanian wars
453:RomanâParthian Wars
1768:Bury, John Bagnell
1378:(relatives of the
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1335:
1305:
1078:Conquest of Spania
441:RomanâPersian Wars
1899:Wars of Khosrow I
1823:978-0-521-20160-5
1718:978-90-04-49877-8
1693:978-1-108-08317-1
1593:978-90-04-49877-8
1548:978-1-78656-373-6
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602:Carrhae (296)
600:
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597:3rd Ctesiphon
595:
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567:Nisibis (252)
565:
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548:
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545:Nisibis (235)
543:
541:
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511:2nd Ctesiphon
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1635:(1): 34â43.
1632:
1628:
1618:
1606:
1597:
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1577:
1570:
1557:
1537:
1530:
1525:, p. 5.
1523:Alemany 2003
1518:
1508:
1480:of 562, the
1475:
1437:
1400:Phasis river
1360:
1332:Archaeopolis
1306:
1278:per Armeniam
1274:
1267:Tsikhisdziri
1259:Archaeopolis
1225:The Persian
1224:
1211:Sebastopolis
1175:Archaeopolis
1168:
1148:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1013:
1012:
1011:
965:Sena Gallica
809:Moorish Wars
805:Vandalic War
798:Martyropolis
699:
671:
670:
644:Maiozamalcha
582:Dura-Europos
526:
525:
451:
341:
223:
170:
127:
122:Belligerents
109:
29:Part of the
1495:Iberian War
1392:Mihr-Mihroe
1384:Dagisthaeus
1364:Justinian I
1281:John Tzibus
1269:, north of
1247:Justinian's
1159:Caspian Sea
1157:and to the
766:Iberian War
754:Justinian I
695:Iberian War
627:2nd Singara
617:1st Singara
572:Barbalissos
535:Mesopotamia
484:Mt Gindarus
479:Amanus Pass
288:Izadgushasp
274:Mihr-Mihroe
260:(after 548)
230:Dagisthaeus
218:John Tzibus
214:Justinian I
145:(after 548)
104:Territorial
1853:Categories
1654:Salia 1980
1611:Salia 1980
1513:annually."
1501:References
1470:See also:
1433:Nachoragan
1285:Gubazes II
1221:Background
1195:Uchimerion
1191:Rhodopolis
1125:region of
997:Sisauranon
945:2nd Naples
910:Urviventus
890:1st Naples
873:Gothic War
821:Tricamarum
816:Ad Decimum
793:Callinicum
685:War of 440
639:Pirisabora
278:Nachoragan
262:Dabragezas
250:Belisarius
200:Dailamites
1859:Lazic War
1670:Bury 1958
1641:2449-2671
1460:Misimians
1343:Lechkhumi
1341:Scymnia (
1309:Khosrow I
1227:Sasanians
1179:Sarapanis
1151:Black Sea
1135:Procopius
1103:Lazic War
1088:Melantias
1031:3rd Petra
1026:2nd Petra
1021:1st Petra
1014:Lazic War
980:Volturnus
940:Mucellium
773:Thannuris
700:Lazic War
666:Bagrevand
649:Ctesiphon
364:3rd Petra
359:2nd Petra
354:1st Petra
342:Lazic War
298:(541â548)
270:Khosrow I
186:(541â548)
164:Armenians
70:(Western
24:Lazic War
1770:(1958).
1562:Georgian
1489:See also
1388:besieged
1353:Suania (
1313:captured
1243:Justin I
1203:Onoguris
1155:Caucasus
1139:Agathias
1123:Georgian
1117:and the
960:3rd Rome
955:2nd Rome
935:Faventia
900:Ariminum
895:1st Rome
880:Panormus
856:Sufetula
841:Membresa
836:Carthage
831:Bourgaon
778:Mindouos
752:Wars of
304:Terdetes
292:Fariburz
285:Farroxan
265:Elmingir
242:Valerian
87:Sasanian
63:Location
1733:Sources
1466:Outcome
1458:of the
1448:Tzathes
1425:Souania
1421:Scymnia
1396:Armenia
1355:Svaneti
1251:Abasgia
1235:Tzath I
1207:Trachea
1199:Kotayon
1066:Tzacher
992:Nisibis
970:Taginae
950:Otranto
925:Treviso
920:Ravenna
915:Auximus
905:Urbinus
885:Scardon
851:Cillium
659:Samarra
654:Maranga
577:Antioch
560:Misiche
555:Resaena
521:Nisibis
459:Carrhae
397:Tzacher
282:Nabedes
224:†
190:Abasgia
106:changes
89:victory
72:Georgia
68:Colchis
58:541â562
43:Map of
1820:
1799:
1780:
1751:: 1â8.
1715:
1690:
1639:
1590:
1564::
1545:
1444:Martin
1440:Bessas
1417:Cotais
1408:Abasgi
1372:Sabirs
1271:Batumi
1215:Pitius
1187:Phasis
1183:Skande
1163:Iberia
1145:Lazica
1127:Lazica
1061:Phasis
1041:Cotais
1007:Edessa
1002:Anglon
930:Verona
826:Mammes
788:Satala
607:Satala
587:Edessa
392:Phasis
374:Cotais
254:Justin
246:Bouzes
238:Martin
234:Bessas
220:
195:Sabirs
184:Lazica
159:Sabirs
143:Lazica
80:Result
45:Lazica
1745:(PDF)
1380:Lazes
1376:Tzani
1368:Alans
1301:Petra
1263:Petra
1171:Petra
1072:Other
861:Marta
622:Amida
550:Hatra
154:Alans
149:Tzani
1818:ISBN
1797:ISBN
1778:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1637:ISSN
1588:ISBN
1543:ISBN
1423:and
1370:and
1255:Poti
1213:and
1137:and
1101:The
807:and
783:Dara
55:Date
1291:War
1855::
1747:.
1721:.
1631:.
1627:.
1596:.
1442:,
1435:.
1217:.
1209:,
1205:,
1201:,
1197:,
1193:,
1189:,
1185:,
1181:,
1177:,
1173:,
1141:.
1826:.
1805:.
1786:.
1696:.
1643:.
1633:5
1551:.
1357:)
1345:)
1245:(
744:e
737:t
730:v
431:e
424:t
417:v
333:e
326:t
319:v
74:)
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