1555:
51:
135:
115:
469:
1543:
585:. While leading the Commission, he felt he had been given insufficiently clear instructions by the British government, which proved very dangerous as the situation in Afghanistan deteriorated to the brink of war with Russia. He resigned and returned to England in 1885 after the
618:
Following completion of his tenure on the
Council of India, Lumsden retired from military service in 1893. He was placed on the Unemployed Supernumerary List three years later and settled down on Buchromb, an estate that he had purchased near
1044:
1597:
1612:
964:"Dramatis Personae of the History and Exploration of the Greater Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamirs, Hindu-Kush, Tibet, Afghanistan, High Tartary and Surrounding Territories, up to 1921"
604:, which he occupied for a 10-year tenure from 1883. In 1885 he wrote "Countries and Tribes Bordering on the Koh-i-Baba Range", an article for the seventh volume of the journal
1602:
486:
Lumsden's next period of active service was as quartermaster general on the staff of
General Napier, who commanded the 2nd division of the expeditionary force to
1191:
Lumsden of the Guides: A Sketch of the Life of Lieut.-Gen. Sir Harry
Burnett Lumsden, KCSI, CB., with Selections from His Correspondence and Occasional Papers
1622:
1607:
1021:
1099:
788:
746:
850:
1127:
606:
1577:
684:
1582:
589:. He left London to represent the British at negotiations with Russia in selecting the Afghan Frontier Commission to determine the Afghan boundary.
432:
five times and awarded the special thanks of the Local and supreme
Governments. From 1857 to 1858 he accompanied a special peace-finding mission to
983:
703:, and went on to serve another 23 years in India before retiring to Belhelvie in 1842. They had a total of six sons, of whom three emigrated to
359:, then acted as British representative on the Afghan Frontier Commission. After retiring from military service in 1893, Lumsden served as a
237:
233:
193:
189:
445:
1617:
1592:
1367:
Memorials of the Life and
Letters of Major-General Sir Herbert B. Edwardes, K.C.B., K.C.S.L., D.C.L. of Oxford; LL. D. of Cambridge
278:
1587:
1523:
1417:
995:
943:
1225:
17:
1365:
1472:
The
Memoirs of the Gemini Generals: Personal Anecdotes, Sporting Adventures, and Sketches of Distinguished Officers
453:
1007:
1091:
775:
732:
636:
388:
Peter Stark
Lumsden was born at Belhelvie Lodge, Belhelvie, Aberdeenshire, on 9 November 1829. He was trained at
834:
1627:
478:
577:. In 1884, Lumsden returned to the North-West frontier, when he was selected as British representative on the
31:
549:
from 1874 to 1879, when he was appointed Chief of the Staff in India. He also served for eleven years as an
389:
266:
1409:
1012:
1262:
1533:
578:
352:
707:
and two (Harry and Peter) followed in their father's footsteps by pursuing military careers in India.
1361:
436:
with his brother Harry
Lumsden. He received thanks from the Government for his work, but returned to
1513:
546:
494:, in 1860. Lumsden took part in the operations of the Anglo-French forces, including the action of
441:
282:
226:
167:
157:
570:
429:
197:
179:
468:
1506:
676:
405:
274:
1559:
1249:
842:
672:
632:
534:
530:
449:
293:
208:
1637:
1632:
1049:
728:
644:
360:
218:
655:
and
Aberdeenshire. Lumsden died on 9 November 1918 in his estate at Dufftown, Banffshire.
8:
891:
640:
325:
139:
1470:
1328:
1293:
1144:
963:
593:
519:
409:
393:
340:
313:
1476:
1450:
1423:
1413:
1379:
1342:
1297:
1237:
1229:
1199:
1152:
1066:
1058:
991:
939:
926:
779:
737:
668:
648:
597:
574:
529:
of 1865: his later employment was on the staff and in political posts. He was deputy
511:
344:
309:
262:
241:
687:
and the capture of
Kalunga in 1817. Thomas was himself the son of Harry Lumsden, an
1547:
1446:
1285:
1136:
601:
586:
566:
542:
538:
491:
421:
348:
321:
297:
171:
1436:
1399:
1189:
499:
495:
425:
301:
245:(9 November 1829 – 9 November 1918) was a British military officer who served in
935:
554:
333:
120:
1289:
1571:
1427:
1233:
1203:
1156:
1128:
Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography
1062:
607:
Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography
401:
364:
270:
254:
77:
50:
1346:
1070:
1454:
1383:
1241:
846:
628:
550:
515:
329:
281:, where, among other activities, he participated in the suppression of the
1480:
695:
who had bought an estate at Belhelvie. He returned home on leave from the
525:
The final spell of active service in Lumsden's military career was in the
959:
696:
582:
473:
457:
397:
356:
286:
134:
1405:
1148:
680:
652:
526:
503:
372:
317:
305:
175:
101:
1375:
444:. Lumsden next joined the Central India Field Force at Gwalior under
417:
250:
73:
1140:
1122:
692:
688:
620:
433:
368:
97:
81:
1173:"Death of Sir Peter Lumsden. 'Hero of Many Fights.'". Obituaries.
1469:
Wilkinson, Osborn; Wilkinson, Johnson (1896). Innes, A. D (ed.).
1401:
Emigrant Homecomings: The Return Movement of Emigrants, 1600-2000
1338:
742:
664:
507:
413:
292:
Following his time on the North-West Frontier, Lumsden served as
258:
803:
1442:
1371:
1334:
1221:
1195:
1017:
931:
896:
784:
704:
700:
1177:. No. 41945. London. 12 November 1918. col E, p. 11.
663:
Lumsden was married to Mary Marriott in 1862. His father was
487:
437:
246:
1098:. Vol. XXXI, no. 6058. 21 May 1886. p. 4, col. 1.
565:
Lumsden served as Chief of Staff to the commander-in-chief,
815:
643:. He identified himself with local affairs and served as a
1598:
British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
1613:
British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War
1304:
367:, before dying on his 89th birthday, 9 November 1918, in
351:
for 10 years. He represented Britain a year later at the
316:, before giving his final act of military service in the
1123:"Countries and Tribes Bordering on the Koh-i-Baba Range"
510:. He was again mentioned in despatches and promoted to
988:
William Simpson and the Crisis in Central Asia, 1884-5
1531:
383:
675:. Thomas Lumsden was a distinguished officer of the
537:
of the Indian Army from 1868 to 1873. He was Acting
460:
in 1859, when he was again mentioned in despatches.
1218:
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
269:, before officially joining military service as an
1603:British military personnel of the Second Opium War
1468:
903:
865:
809:
581:for the demarcation of the north-west boundary of
463:
355:for the demarcation of the north-west boundary of
1569:
1360:
1188:Lumsden, Sir Peter Stark; Elsmie, G. R. (1900).
884:
882:
880:
821:
506:that led up to the advance on and occupation of
1398:Harper, Marjory (2005). Harper, Marjory (ed.).
770:
768:
766:
764:
631:. The book detailed the role that his brother,
412:in five expeditions against native tribes: the
300:, where he participated in the capture of both
1187:
1168:
1166:
920:
918:
877:
671:, with one of his three older brothers being
1623:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
1608:British military personnel of the Bhutan War
761:
277:in 1847. From 1852 to 1857 he served on the
727:
378:
347:and was appointed as a commissioner on the
194:Companion of the Order of the Star of India
190:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
1163:
915:
560:
49:
1578:Graduates of Addiscombe Military Seminary
1121:Lumsden, Major-General Sir Peter (1885).
408:. Between 1852 and 1857 he served on the
1583:British East India Company Army officers
776:"Sir Peter Stark Lumsden K.C.B.. C.S.I."
467:
1434:
1326:
1120:
909:
871:
600:and given a commissioner's seat on the
456:, shared in the pursuit and capture of
440:to take part in the suppression of the
14:
1570:
1397:
1310:
958:
1330:China War, 1860; Letters and Journal
1226:Society for Army Historical Research
392:from the age of 20, and entered the
1102:from the original on 4 October 2012
1042:
1024:from the original on 4 October 2012
853:from the original on 6 October 2012
791:from the original on 5 October 2012
749:from the original on 6 October 2012
30:For the British racing driver, see
24:
1435:Jeffery, Reginald Welbury (1911).
384:Early life and North-West Frontier
320:of 1865. He was promoted again to
25:
1649:
1043:Ray, William Henry (April 1887).
1008:"Resignation of Sir Peter Lumden"
899:. 11 November 1918. p. 4, col. 2.
1618:Deputy lieutenants of Banffshire
1593:Military personnel from Aberdeen
1553:
1541:
1364:; Edwardes, Emma Sidney (1886).
783:. Vol. XLI, no. 3267.
699:in 1819 to marry Hay Burnett of
133:
113:
1269:
1210:
1181:
1114:
1084:
1036:
1000:
977:
952:
787:. 17 March 1885. p. 2, col. 7.
623:. During this time he co-wrote
464:Second Opium War and Bhutan War
339:In 1883, Lumsden was awarded a
1362:Edwardes, Sir Herbert Benjamin
827:
810:Wilkinson & Wilkinson 1896
721:
13:
1:
1475:(2nd ed.). A. D. Innes.
710:
613:
32:Peter Lumsden (racing driver)
1588:British Indian Army generals
1020:. 8 May 1885. p. 4, col. 3.
849:. 9 May 1885. p. 2, col. 3.
822:Edwardes & Edwardes 1886
573:, for which he received the
390:Addiscombe Military Seminary
267:Addiscombe Military Seminary
7:
1410:Manchester University Press
328:in 1874, and also acted as
257:, he was the fourth son of
27:British general (1829–1918)
10:
1654:
29:
1520:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1438:The New Europe, 1789-1889
1290:10.1017/S0960116309990315
889:"General Sir P Lumsden".
658:
635:, had played in founding
472:Caricature of Lumsden by
446:General Sir Robert Napier
214:
204:
185:
163:
153:
145:
126:
108:
87:
60:
48:
41:
1404:(illustrated ed.).
1376:K. Paul, Trench & co
1327:Allgood, George (1901).
592:Lumsden was appointed a
579:Anglo-Russian Commission
567:General Sir F. P. Haines
379:Life and military career
353:Anglo-Russian Commission
283:Indian Rebellion of 1857
168:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1514:Adjutant-General, India
1339:Longmans, Green, and Co
637:The Corps of the Guides
571:Second Anglo-Afghan War
561:Second Anglo-Afghan War
547:Adjutant-General, India
533:from 1864 to 1868, and
502:and the capture of the
454:Major-General Hugh Rose
430:mentioned in despatches
230:Sir Peter Stark Lumsden
198:Mentioned in Despatches
180:Second Anglo-Afghan War
43:Sir Peter Stark Lumsden
679:who had served in the
677:Bengal Horse Artillery
483:
406:Bengal Native Infantry
363:in his home county of
275:Bengal Native Infantry
1628:People from Belhelvie
1092:"The Afghan Frontier"
927:Who Was Who 1916–1928
843:Hokitika, New Zealand
673:Harry Burnett Lumsden
633:Harry Burnett Lumsden
625:Lumsden of the Guides
535:quartermaster general
531:quartermaster general
471:
450:quartermaster general
308:. He was promoted to
294:quartermaster general
209:Harry Burnett Lumsden
146:Years of service
1050:The Atlantic Monthly
645:justice of the peace
639:, a regiment of the
448:, and, as assistant
361:justice of the peace
219:Justice of the peace
1313:, pp. 223–224.
1220:. 65–66 (261–268).
892:The Daily Telegraph
733:"Sir Peter Lumsden"
683:of 1814 and at the
641:British Indian Army
410:North-West Frontier
296:in 1860 during the
285:and the capture of
279:North-West Frontier
18:Peter Stark Lumsden
895:. No. 19839.
835:"West Coast Times"
731:(5 October 1885).
594:Knight Grand Cross
520:lieutenant-colonel
484:
394:East India Company
341:Knight Grand Cross
336:for eleven years.
314:lieutenant-colonel
55:Lumsden circa 1879
1530:
1529:
1521:Succeeded by
1499:Military offices
1419:978-0-7190-7070-9
1284:: 377–410. 2009.
1257:Missing or empty
1096:North Otago Times
1016:. No. 5305.
996:978-1-5272-7047-3
984:Salisbury, Robert
945:978-0-7136-3143-2
841:. No. 4903.
780:The Timaru Herald
741:. No. 7375.
649:Deputy Lieutenant
598:Order of the Bath
575:Order of the Bath
498:, the capture of
345:Order of the Bath
224:
223:
16:(Redirected from
1645:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1504:Preceded by
1496:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1447:Houghton Mifflin
1431:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1280:. Fifth Series.
1273:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1245:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1194:(2nd ed.).
1185:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1045:"Russia in Asia"
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1004:
998:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
956:
950:
949:
922:
913:
907:
901:
900:
886:
875:
869:
863:
862:
860:
858:
839:West Coast Times
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
800:
798:
796:
772:
759:
758:
756:
754:
745:. p. 4, col. 9.
725:
685:siege of Hatrass
602:Council of India
587:Panjdeh Incident
518:and then brevet-
492:Second Opium War
349:Council of India
322:Adjutant-General
298:Second Opium War
265:. He studied at
244:
172:Second Opium War
138:
137:
128:
119:
117:
116:
94:
70:
68:
53:
39:
38:
21:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1532:
1526:
1517:
1509:
1494:
1485:
1483:
1459:
1457:
1420:
1388:
1386:
1370:. Vol. 1.
1351:
1349:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1141:10.2307/1800815
1119:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1006:
1005:
1001:
982:
978:
968:
966:
957:
953:
946:
936:A & C Black
924:
923:
916:
908:
904:
888:
887:
878:
870:
866:
856:
854:
833:
832:
828:
820:
816:
808:
804:
794:
792:
774:
773:
762:
752:
750:
726:
722:
713:
667:Thomas Lumsden
661:
616:
563:
482:, 8 August 1885
466:
386:
381:
261:Thomas Lumsden
232:
215:Other work
196:
192:
178:
174:
170:
149:1847–1887
132:
114:
112:
96:
92:
91:9 November 1918
72:
71:9 November 1829
66:
64:
56:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1651:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1563:
1562:
1560:United Kingdom
1550:
1528:
1527:
1524:George Greaves
1522:
1519:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1492:
1466:
1432:
1418:
1395:
1358:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1303:
1268:
1209:
1180:
1162:
1135:(9): 561–583.
1113:
1083:
1035:
999:
976:
962:(3 May 2009).
951:
944:
914:
902:
876:
864:
826:
814:
812:, p. 394.
802:
760:
719:
718:
717:
712:
709:
681:Nepal Campaign
660:
657:
615:
612:
562:
559:
555:Queen Victoria
465:
462:
400:in 1847 as an
385:
382:
380:
377:
334:Queen Victoria
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
187:
183:
182:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
130:
124:
123:
121:United Kingdom
110:
106:
105:
95:(aged 89)
89:
85:
84:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1650:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1507:Edwin Johnson
1502:
1497:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1228:: 230. 1987.
1227:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1198:: J. Murray.
1197:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1117:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1003:
997:
993:
989:
985:
980:
965:
961:
955:
947:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:
921:
919:
911:
906:
898:
894:
893:
885:
883:
881:
873:
868:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
830:
823:
818:
811:
806:
790:
786:
782:
781:
777:
771:
769:
767:
765:
748:
744:
740:
739:
734:
730:
724:
720:
715:
714:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
611:
609:
608:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
569:, during the
568:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
481:
480:
475:
470:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:Indian Mutiny
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
376:
374:
370:
366:
365:Aberdeenshire
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:Aberdeenshire
252:
248:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:
220:
217:
213:
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
136:
131:
125:
122:
111:
107:
103:
99:
90:
86:
83:
79:
78:Aberdeenshire
75:
63:
59:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
1565:
1512:
1484:. Retrieved
1471:
1458:. Retrieved
1437:
1400:
1387:. Retrieved
1366:
1350:. Retrieved
1329:
1306:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1259:|title=
1250:cite journal
1217:
1212:
1190:
1183:
1174:
1132:
1126:
1116:
1104:. Retrieved
1095:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1057:(354): 476.
1054:
1048:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1011:
1002:
987:
979:
967:. Retrieved
960:Buxton, Bill
954:
925:
910:Allgood 1901
905:
890:
872:Jeffery 1911
867:
855:. Retrieved
847:Allied Press
838:
829:
817:
805:
793:. Retrieved
778:
751:. Retrieved
736:
723:
662:
629:G. R. Elsmie
624:
617:
605:
591:
564:
551:aide-de-camp
545:, 1873, and
524:
485:
477:
422:Bori Afridis
404:in the 60th
387:
338:
330:aide-de-camp
291:
273:in the 60th
229:
225:
164:Battles/wars
93:(1918-11-09)
36:
1638:1918 deaths
1633:1829 births
1460:23 December
1352:23 December
1311:Harper 2005
857:23 December
795:23 December
753:23 December
738:Otago Times
729:Jehu Junior
697:Bengal Army
583:Afghanistan
490:during the
479:Vanity Fair
474:Leslie Ward
458:Tantya Tope
418:Ootman Khel
398:Bengal Army
357:Afghanistan
326:Indian Army
287:Tantya Tope
140:Indian Army
1572:Categories
1518:1874–1879
1486:2 November
1406:Manchester
1389:2 November
1106:1 November
1076:1 November
1028:1 November
1013:Daily Star
969:2 November
711:References
653:Banffshire
614:Later life
527:Bhutan War
504:Taku Forts
373:Banffshire
318:Bhutan War
306:Taku Forts
249:. Born in
176:Bhutan War
109:Allegiance
104:, Scotland
102:Banffshire
67:1829-11-09
1548:Biography
1428:466924528
1298:233341076
1234:0037-9700
1204:575079200
1175:The Times
1157:150373612
1063:1072-7825
716:Footnotes
543:Hyderabad
428:. He was
426:Miranzais
289:in 1859.
251:Belhelvie
205:Relations
74:Belhelvie
1347:04414424
1276:"1885".
1100:Archived
1071:29046351
1022:Archived
986:(2020).
938:. 1992.
851:Archived
789:Archived
747:Archived
693:Aberdeen
689:advocate
621:Dufftown
539:Resident
434:Kandahar
424:and the
414:Mohmunds
369:Dufftown
304:and the
127:Service/
98:Dufftown
82:Scotland
1534:Portals
1455:1110247
1384:3561802
1320:Sources
1242:1644191
1149:1800815
743:Dunedin
665:Colonel
647:and as
596:of the
508:Beijing
500:Tang-ku
476:, from
343:of the
324:of the
302:Tang-ku
259:Colonel
227:General
158:General
1481:292387
1479:
1453:
1443:Boston
1426:
1416:
1382:
1372:London
1345:
1335:London
1296:
1278:Camden
1240:
1232:
1222:London
1202:
1196:London
1155:
1147:
1069:
1061:
1018:London
994:
942:
932:London
897:London
785:Timaru
705:Canada
701:Elrick
659:Family
512:brevet
496:Sin-ho
452:under
420:, the
416:, the
402:ensign
310:brevet
271:ensign
186:Awards
129:branch
118:
1294:S2CID
1145:JSTOR
627:with
516:Major
488:China
438:India
247:India
240:
236:
1488:2010
1477:OCLC
1462:2010
1451:OCLC
1424:OCLC
1414:ISBN
1391:2010
1380:OCLC
1354:2010
1343:OCLC
1263:help
1238:OCLC
1230:ISSN
1200:OCLC
1153:OCLC
1108:2010
1078:2010
1067:OCLC
1059:ISSN
1055:0059
1030:2010
992:ISBN
971:2010
940:ISBN
859:2010
797:2010
755:2010
651:for
154:Rank
88:Died
61:Born
1286:doi
1137:doi
691:in
553:to
541:in
396:'s
332:to
238:CSI
234:GCB
200:(6)
1574::
1449:.
1445::
1441:.
1422:.
1412:.
1408::
1378:.
1374::
1341:.
1337::
1333:.
1292:.
1282:35
1254::
1252:}}
1248:{{
1236:.
1224::
1165:^
1151:.
1143:.
1131:.
1125:.
1094:.
1065:.
1053:.
1047:.
1010:.
990:.
934::
930:.
917:^
879:^
845::
837:.
763:^
735:.
669:CB
610:.
557:.
522:.
375:.
371:,
263:CB
253:,
242:DL
100:,
80:,
76:,
1536::
1490:.
1464:.
1430:.
1393:.
1356:.
1300:.
1288::
1265:)
1261:(
1244:.
1206:.
1159:.
1139::
1133:7
1110:.
1080:.
1032:.
973:.
948:.
912:.
874:.
861:.
824:.
799:.
757:.
514:-
312:-
69:)
65:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.