197:, said that militia rule of Lebanon had ended and that the Syrian intervention was "open-ended," implying that Syria would occupy West Beirut indefinitely. Meanwhile, Syrian officials indicated that thousands of additional Syrian troops would probably be sent to Beirut to ensure stability. Kanaan declared that Syria would take full responsibility for the security of foreign embassies in West Beirut, and he invited foreign missions to return. Kanaan also promised that Syria would expend all possible efforts to secure the release of Western hostages held by Lebanese terrorists.
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In mid-April the Syrian Army deployed troops south of Beirut. Approximately 100 Syrian commandos, fighting alongside soldiers of the
Lebanese Army's Sixth Brigade, occupied key positions along the strategic coastal highway linking Beirut with southern Lebanon and took control of the bridge over the
160:
Syria acted decisively to stop the chaos in West Beirut, and it seized the opportunity to reimpose its hegemony over the areas in
Lebanon from which it had been evicted by Israel in 1982. On 22 February 1987, it dispatched 7,500 troops, configured in two brigades and a battalion, from eastern
172:
The Syrian Army did not shy away from violence in its effort to restore order to the
Lebanese capital. In the first two days of its police operation, Syrian troops shot some fifteen Lebanese of various militias. Then on 24 February a dozen trucks full of Syrian commandos entered the
192:
was regarded by Syrian officials as an unacceptable risk to Syrian security. The government of Syria appeared prepared to occupy Beirut permanently, if necessary. The senior Syrian military commander in
Lebanon, Brigadier General
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militias, both of which were regarded as Syrian allies. The combat was described by witnesses as being of unrivaled intensity in twelve years of war, with the militiamen using formations of Soviet-made
219:. According to the film's publicity materials, "Syriana" was "a very real term used by Washington think-tanks to describe a hypothetical reshaping of the Middle East." In an online discussion with
144:
and police, cleared roadblocks, closed militia offices, and collected weapons. In mid-February 1987, however, a new round of fighting broke out in West Beirut, this time between
255:
165:, closed down some seventy militia offices, rounded up and arrested militia leaders, confiscated arms caches, deployed troops along the major roads and at
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in the region. It may be used with emphasis on the relative calm following suppression of the
Lebanese Civil War, or on suggestions of Syria's having
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174:
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330:
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said he saw
Syriana as "a great word that could stand for man's perpetual hope of remaking any geographic region to suit his own needs."
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that Syria had supplied to both sides. Five days of combat caused an estimated 700 casualties and set much of West Beirut aflame.
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100:. It has recently been used to refer to the period between 1990 and 2005 when there was reduced conflict within
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Veenhoven, Willem A., ed. (1976). "Case
Studies on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: A World Survey".
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By mid-1987 the Syrian Army appeared to have settled into Beirut for a protracted stay. Lebanon's
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neighborhood, a Shia stronghold, and attacked the
Fathallah barracks, the headquarters of the
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and the term
Syriana as used by Washington thinktanks as per former CIA operative
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organization. There, Syrian troops killed eighteen
Hezbollah militants.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act
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25:
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364:. The Hague: Foundation for the Study of Plural Societies.
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magazine in 1976, referring to Syrian efforts to impose a
78:
by its being a necessary ally to ensure peace in Lebanon.
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Lebanon. The Syrian troops, most of whom were veteran
140:. Approximately 500 Syrian troops, working with the
136:for the first time since being expelled during the
400:. Bitterlemons-international.org/. Archived from
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50:to influence its neighbors, particularly
86:A later 1976 reference was published in
58:is that Syria (as it existed during the
1247:20th century in international relations
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74:strength, could secure a role for the
864:Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon
837:Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon
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398:"The end of sectarianism in Lebanon?"
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465:Gaghan, Stephen (15 November 2005).
331:"Back to the Brink with a Demi-Coup"
32:, modeled after the original phrase
251:UN Security Council Resolution 1559
81:
46:, usually pertaining to efforts by
13:
14:
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1237:Latin political words and phrases
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337:. 22 March 1976. Archived from
104:, usually attributed to Syrian
396:Ghattas, Kim (24 March 2005).
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96:during the early years of the
1:
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433:Syria : A Country Study
261:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
167:Beirut International Airport
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842:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
521:regional and relative peace
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211:was apparently inspired by
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205:The name of the 2005 film
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445:"Syriana: About the Film"
431:The Library of Congress,
294:Federal Research Division
185:Awali River, near Sidon.
124:Syrian Lebanese war, 1976
832:Emirate of Mount Lebanon
1232:20th century in Lebanon
1227:Modern history of Syria
114:intentions for annexing
40:international relations
38:, used in the study of
28:, "Syrian Peace") is a
1045:International rankings
886:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
377:Cite journal requires
30:historiographical term
16:Historiographical term
1009:Speaker of Parliament
473:. The Washington Post
310:"Lebanon Pax Syriana"
138:1982 Israeli invasion
62:and as it was later
467:"Movies: 'Syriana'"
221:The Washington Post
1058:Telecommunications
266:Petroleum politics
246:History of Lebanon
223:in November 2005,
98:Lebanese Civil War
54:. The idea behind
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1099:Architecture
1040:Central Bank
972:Human rights
957:Constitution
921:Shebaa farms
911:Governorates
891:Beqaa Valley
817:Crusader era
729:Pax Tokugawa
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528:Contemporary
475:. Retrieved
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402:the original
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370:cite journal
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343:. Retrieved
339:the original
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313:. Retrieved
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44:Western Asia
33:
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1035:Agriculture
722:Pax Syriana
694:Pax Russica
666:Pax Minoica
659:Pax Mafiosa
652:Pax Kushana
638:Pax Italica
548:Pax Atomica
519:Periods of
217:Robert Baer
213:Pax Syriana
201:Other usage
134:West Beirut
64:partitioned
56:Pax Syriana
21:Pax Syriana
1221:Categories
1161:Television
1052:(currency)
962:Corruption
822:Mamluk era
701:Pax Sinica
687:Pax Romana
581:Historical
535:Long Peace
272:References
155:T-54 tanks
110:domination
35:Pax Romana
1136:Languages
1126:Education
1068:Transport
999:President
906:Districts
874:Geography
854:Civil War
807:Roman era
797:Phoenicia
617:Pax Gupta
227:director
179:Hezbollah
163:commandos
120:Lebanon.
118:pacifying
68:diplomacy
1201:Category
1151:Religion
989:Military
977:Abortion
945:Politics
931:Wildlife
812:Arab era
776:articles
235:See also
132:entered
106:hegemony
72:military
1185:Outline
1109:Cuisine
1087:Culture
1063:Tourism
1023:Economy
896:Borders
792:Ancient
784:History
772:Lebanon
610:Pax Dei
477:2 March
450:1 March
408:2 March
315:1 March
225:Syriana
208:Syriana
102:Lebanon
52:Lebanon
1206:Portal
1156:Sports
1104:Cinema
1050:Pound
901:Cities
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345:22 May
285:.
190:anomie
1192:Index
1166:Women
1141:Music
175:Basta
146:Druze
94:truce
48:Syria
1131:Flag
1114:wine
982:LGBT
479:2007
452:2007
410:2007
383:help
347:2010
317:2007
150:Shia
148:and
89:Time
70:and
26:Lat.
1242:Pax
362:III
42:in
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418:^
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372:}}
368:{{
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