1917:
3499:. Quote:1-"We show that religious affiliation had a strong impact on the genomes of the Levantines. In particular, conversion of the region's populations to Islam appears to have introduced major rearrangements in populations' relations through admixture with culturally similar but geographically remote populations, leading to genetic similarities between remarkably distant populations like Jordanians, Moroccans, and Yemenis. Conversely, other populations, like Christians and Druze, became genetically isolated in the new cultural environment. We reconstructed the genetic structure of the Levantines and found that a pre-Islamic expansion Levant was more genetically similar to Europeans than to Middle Easterners."
3077:. Quote:1-"We show that religious affiliation had a strong impact on the genomes of the Levantines. In particular, conversion of the region's populations to Islam appears to have introduced major rearrangements in populations' relations through admixture with culturally similar but geographically remote populations, leading to genetic similarities between remarkably distant populations like Jordanians, Moroccans, and Yemenis. Conversely, other populations, like Christians and Druze, became genetically isolated in the new cultural environment. We reconstructed the genetic structure of the Levantines and found that a pre-Islamic expansion Levant was more genetically similar to Europeans than to Middle Easterners."
874:
1959:
1247:
1973:
4335:
1945:
932:"The Druze follow a lifestyle of isolation where no conversion is allowed, neither out of, or into, the religion. When Druze live among people of other religions, they try to blend in, in order to protect their religion and their own safety. They can pray as Muslims, or as Christians, depending on where they are. This system is apparently changing in modern times, where more security has allowed Druze to be more open about their religious belonging."
4324:
1868:
847:
4383:
1146:
662:
88:
3867:
1480:
1931:
30:
855:
1071:, the ancestral stronghold of Druze leader Walid Jumblatt. The tumultuous reception that Sfeir received not only signified a historic reconciliation between Maronites and Druze, who fought a bloody war in 1983–84, but underscored the fact that the banner of Lebanese sovereignty had broad multi-confessional appeal and was a cornerstone for the
2651:
Some Muslim rulers and jurists have advocated the persecution of members of the Druze
Movement beginning with the seventh Fatimi Caliph Al-Zahir, in 1022. Recurring period of persecutions in subsequent centuries ... failure to elucidate their beliefs and practices, have contributed to the ambiguous
1075:
in 2005. Jumblatt's post-2005 position diverged sharply from the tradition of his family. He also accused
Damascus of being behind the 1977 assassination of his father, Kamal Jumblatt, expressing for the first time what many knew he privately suspected. The BBC describes Jumblatt as "the smartest
1095:
forces clashed with Druze militias resulting in casualties on both sides. The clashes started in Aytat, near
Kayfoun and soon expanded to cover many spots in Mount Lebanon including Baysur, Shuweifat and Aley. Most of the fighting was concentrated on Hill 888. After negotiations a ceasefire was
2791:
While they appear parallel to those of normative Islam, in the Druze religion they are different in meaning and interpretation. The religion is considered distinct from the
Ismaili as well as from other Muslims belief and practice... Most Druze consider themselves fully assimilated in American
2680:
Historically, Islam classified
Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians as protected "People of the Book," a secondary status subject to payment of a poll tax. Nevertheless, Zoroastrians suffered significant persecution. Other religions such as the Alawites, Alevis, and Druze often suffered
1096:
called in from outside the country before
Hezbollah could call in artillery support. Releases from Hezbollah leaders in 2016 stated that bombing the mountain with close-range artillery from the South and longer-ranged artillery from Syria were both an option and greatly considered.
3177:
The
Abillamah, by the way, also converted to Christianity when the Metn Mountains came to be densely inhabited by Christians, a second conversion for them, given that they already turned Druze earlier, relinquishing the Sunni
1024:
The Druze community in
Lebanon played an important role in the formation of the modern state of Lebanon, and even though they are a minority they play an important role in the Lebanese political scene. Before and during the
777:
There are estimated to be less than 1 million Druze worldwide. The Druze, who refer to themselves as al-Muwahhideen, or "believers in one God," are concentrated in the rural, mountainous areas east and south of
3610:.. Europeans who visited the area during this period related that the Druze "love the Christians more than the other believers," and that they "hate the Turks, the Muslims and the Arabs with an intense hatred.
2520:.. Europeans who visited the area during this period related that the Druze "love the Christians more than the other believers," and that they "hate the Turks, the Muslims and the Arabs with an intense hatred.
2820:
Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not
Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above..
2288:
Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not
Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above..
940:
inaugurated the Druze community in Lebanon when most of them accepted and adopted the new message that was being preached in the 11th century, due to their leaderships close ties with then Fatimid ruler
1117:
members, as well as the Abi-Lamma clan, During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Protestant missionaries established schools and churches in Druze strongholds, with some Druze converting to
3414:
Worldwide, they number 1 million or so, with about 45 to 50 percent in Syria, 35 to 40 percent in Lebanon, and less than 10 percent in Israel. Recently there has been a growing Druze diaspora.
2709:
the Druze religion, though originating from the Isma'lliyya, an extreme branch of the Shia, seceded completely from Islam and has, therefore, experienced periods of persecution by the latter.
1110:
813:), even though the Druze are no longer considered Muslim. Lebanon's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation's ethno-religious groups.
2205:
1409:
in the 1830s, many Druze converted to Christianity to avoid enlistment into the Egyptian army, according to historian Aharon Layish there is also explicit evidence of Druze in
3503:
3-Lebanese Christians and all Druze cluster together, and Lebanese Muslims are extended towards Syrians, Palestinians, and Jordanians, which are close to Saudis and Bedouins."
3081:
3-Lebanese Christians and all Druze cluster together, and Lebanese Muslims are extended towards Syrians, Palestinians, and Jordanians, which are close to Saudis and Bedouins."
4171:
3501:
2-"The predominantly Muslim populations of Syrians, Palestinians and Jordanians cluster on branches with other Muslim populations as distant as Morocco and Yemen."
3079:
2-"The predominantly Muslim populations of Syrians, Palestinians and Jordanians cluster on branches with other Muslim populations as distant as Morocco and Yemen."
4271:
3361:
US Druze settled in small towns and kept a low profile, joining Protestant churches (usually Presbyterian or Methodist) and often Americanizing their names..
2695:
Marriage, Divorce, and Succession in the Druze Family: A Study Based on Decisions of Druze Arbitrators and Religious Courts in Israel and the Golan Heights
1436:
a Christian church or Druze maqam is dedicated to either one of them. According to Ray Jabre Mouawad the Druze admire the two saints for their bravery:
1394:
traditions. It is a day on which the souls of the dead are honoured. A popular day among women in the region, it underscores the shared culture between
1021:
to Islam. Those were no ordinary killings in the Druze's narrative, they were meant to eradicate the whole community according to the Druze narrative.
4371:
4045:
1753:
507:
1076:
leader of Lebanon's most powerful Druze clan and heir to a leftist political dynasty". The second largest political party supported by Druze is the
1164:, the number of Druze people worldwide is around one million, with about 45% to 50% in Syria, 35% to 40% in Lebanon, and less than 10% in Israel.
3943:
4349:
2609:
3014:
369:
1348:, the traces of which are discovered in the palaces and mausoleums of Druze lords, as well as in Maronite and Greek Orthodox churches.
4025:
2388:
1721:
690:
1406:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4498:
2763:
Most Druze do not consider themselves Muslim. Historically they faced much persecution and keep their religious beliefs secrets.
3790:
534:
3044:
2721:
964:, with amicable relations between the two groups prevailing throughout history, with the exception of some periods, including
4364:
3453:
3407:
3382:
3354:
3326:
3298:
3255:
3227:
3199:
3170:
3142:
3111:
2949:
2924:
2873:
2841:
2813:
2784:
2756:
2702:
2673:
2644:
2586:
2513:
2485:
2460:
2364:
2336:
2311:
2281:
2140:
1410:
1337:
502:
416:
230:
3375:
Religious Diversity Today: Experiencing Religion in the Contemporary World : Experiencing Religion in the Contemporary World
4030:
1730:
1405:
of children in accordance with Christian custom was usually in large, well-known Lebanese Druze families. In the period of
623:
3750:
Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries
3642:
Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries
3262:
namely the emirs of the house of Abul - Lama, used to be Druzes before they converted to Christianity and became Maronites
4426:
2343:
Lebanon therefore was the distributing center of the Druze people and Wādi - al - Taym was the birthplace of their faith.
4484:
4479:
4462:
4005:
3725:
3460:
the Druzes make up almost half the district, of Aley, one third of Rashaya, and more than a quarter of Shuf and Matn...
3333:
Many of the Druze have chosen to deemphasize their ethnic identity, and some have officially converted to Christianity.
618:
161:
2965:
1121:; yet they did not succeed to convert Druze to Christianity en masse. On the other hand, many Druze immigrants to the
3757:
3674:
3649:
3603:
3575:
3550:
3522:
3481:
2848:
With the succession of al-Zahir to the Fatimid caliphate a mass persecution (known by the Druze as the period of the
2619:
2188:
2007:(1908–1983), head of the Arslan feudal Druze ruling family and leader of the final independence movement for Lebanon.
4544:
4431:
4357:
1171:. The Lebanese Druze are estimated to constitute 5.2 percent of Lebanon's population. They live in 136 villages in
1061:
3851:
1536:
1053:
took the leadership of the party and played an important role in preserving his father's legacy after winning the
4520:
1898:
1340:. Numerous cultural interactions occurred in Mount Lebanon, producing overlapped symbolism, veneration of shared
1161:
379:
347:
342:
4574:
1916:
838:
between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, the Chief of the General Staff must be a Druze.
4569:
4493:
4379:
2578:
2408:
1277:
community in Lebanon played an important role in the formation of the modern state of Lebanon. Contact between
1049:
that was mainly constituted of Christians. After the assassination of Kamal Jumblatt on 16 March 1977, his son
830:
in the early eighteenth century, through the ruling and social system known as the "Maronite-Druze dualism" in
332:
327:
287:
171:
850:
An estimate of the distribution of Lebanon's main religious groups, 1991, based on a map by GlobalSecurity.org
4469:
4244:
1286:
683:
613:
1351:
Druze and Christians in Lebanon celebrate each other's births, weddings, funerals, and celebrations such as
4436:
4070:
3496:
3074:
965:
487:
156:
1251:
1057:
and sustained the existence of the Druze community during the sectarian bloodshed that lasted until 1990.
4455:
4441:
4050:
2038:
1444:
and won over them. In both cases the explanations provided by Christians is that Druze were attracted to
1437:
1038:
831:
512:
166:
4416:
3984:
3783:
2060:
873:
583:
477:
337:
307:
220:
2917:
Middle East Conflicts from Ancient Egypt to the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection
2866:
Middle East Conflicts from Ancient Egypt to the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection
4745:
4474:
2074:
1290:
1077:
364:
240:
235:
225:
195:
3022:
4669:
4614:
4421:
3813:
2229:
1495:
925:
676:
374:
359:
245:
200:
71:
979:
has been characterized by intense persecution. The Druze faith is often classified as a branch of
4725:
4719:
4664:
4408:
4387:
3305:
some Christians (mostly from the Orthodox faith), as well as Druze, converted to Protestantism...
2206:"Finding a life partner is hard enough. For those of the Druze faith, their future depends on it"
1289:, and other churches) and the Unitarian Druze led to the presence of mixed villages and towns in
1282:
1266:
1099:
1064:
643:
421:
384:
272:
151:
2666:
Conflict in the Modern Middle East: An Encyclopedia of Civil War, Revolutions, and Regime Change
2162:
4689:
4446:
4188:
4166:
4065:
4055:
3891:
2090:
1851:
1762:
1598:
1417:
1241:
949:
798:
764:
717:
139:
3273:
3101:
2301:
4659:
4654:
4604:
4291:
4020:
3881:
3776:
2259:
1575:
992:
942:
893:
802:
433:
134:
3474:
Sharing the Sacra: The Politics and Pragmatics of Intercommunal Relations Around Holy Places
2089:(born 1978), a London-based British-Lebanese lawyer, activist, and author (Druze father and
995:. The Druze have frequently experienced persecution by different Muslim regimes such as the
4609:
4599:
4594:
4308:
4075:
3886:
3234:
So did other amirs, like the originally Druze Abi-llamah family, which also became Maronite
2988:
2559:
the Druzes and the Christians in the Shuf Mountains in the past lived in complete harmony..
1836:
1653:
1603:
1368:
1085:
633:
267:
2382:
1958:
8:
4684:
4674:
4639:
4629:
4399:
4261:
2109:
1891:
1776:
806:
608:
519:
409:
312:
297:
292:
282:
277:
123:
1332:. Historian Ray Jabre Mouawad finds religious symbiosis between Druze and Christians in
4694:
4624:
4148:
4080:
4035:
3922:
2096:
1781:
1739:
1623:
1364:
1324:
The relationship between the Druze and Christians in Lebanon has been characterized by
1318:
1188:
1026:
743:
529:
482:
322:
262:
257:
3628:..the Druzes and Christians lived together in the most perfect harmony and good-will..
2538:..the Druzes and Christians lived together in the most perfect harmony and good-will..
2031:(born 1947), a Lebanese politician, member of parliament, and Minister of Agriculture.
1262:
communities. This veneration reflects the long-standing interfaith harmony in Lebanon.
4634:
4619:
4183:
4060:
4040:
3974:
3953:
3753:
3721:
3670:
3645:
3599:
3571:
3546:
3518:
3477:
3449:
3403:
3378:
3350:
3322:
3294:
3251:
3223:
3195:
3166:
3138:
3107:
2945:
2920:
2869:
2837:
2809:
2780:
2752:
2698:
2669:
2640:
2615:
2582:
2509:
2481:
2456:
2360:
2332:
2307:
2277:
2184:
2136:
1767:
1744:
1662:
1018:
999:
881:
497:
445:
317:
302:
207:
3866:
3568:
The Druze Community and the Lebanese State: Between Confrontation and Reconciliation
2478:
The Druze Community and the Lebanese State: Between Confrontation and Reconciliation
1479:
4699:
4649:
4512:
4254:
4211:
4121:
3836:
3054:
2239:
1806:
1508:
1421:
1388:
1329:
1306:
1216:
1176:
1172:
1072:
961:
877:
794:
590:
459:
452:
440:
402:
129:
3821:
2572:
789:
Under the Lebanese political division (Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation) the
4711:
4644:
4328:
4281:
4221:
4216:
4178:
4015:
3958:
3817:
3529:
the Maronites and the Druze, who founded Lebanon in the early eighteenth century.
3428:
2427:
2392:
2371:
the Maronites and the Druze, who founded Lebanon in the early eighteenth century.
2233:
2177:
2080:
2044:
1988:
1922:
1872:
1816:
1811:
1712:
1356:
1298:
1130:
823:
755:
708:
648:
578:
564:
524:
119:
79:
47:
4728:, the Druze community is designated as a part of the Lebanese Muslim community.
4338:
4206:
3948:
3163:
Beirut on the Bayou: Alfred Nicola, Louisiana, and the Making of Modern Lebanon
2034:
2028:
2010:
1978:
1964:
1884:
1801:
1687:
1462:
1445:
1398:
1302:
1246:
1220:
1184:
1180:
1114:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1006:
885:
728:
666:
539:
102:
1846:
751:
4739:
4303:
4286:
4276:
3896:
2903:
Dead Sea Level: Science, Exploration and Imperial Interests in the Near East.
1998:
1936:
1841:
1584:
1499:
1433:
1380:
1333:
1314:
1294:
1270:
1224:
1212:
1167:
The Druze are concentrated in the rural, mountainous areas east and south of
1126:
1122:
1118:
1103:
984:
905:
835:
810:
638:
628:
1045:
and they fought alongside other leftist and Palestinian parties against the
4298:
4126:
4000:
3149:
the Abillama' amirs, were mostly Christians converted from the Druze faith.
2971:
2262:
Lebanon Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments
2086:
2070:
2056:
2004:
1950:
1391:
1372:
1081:
1054:
1010:
917:
916:
and other philosophies. The Druze call themselves Ahl al-Tawhid "People of
913:
816:
428:
3192:
The Conscience of Lebanon: A Political Biography of Etienne Sakr (Abu-Arz)
2385:
Programme on Governance in the Arab Region : Elections : Lebanon
4715:
3979:
3831:
3826:
3206:
Other earlier converts were the Abillamah Druze Emirs and Harfush Shiite.
2329:
The Origins of the Druze People: With Extracts from Their Sacred Writings
2128:
2050:
2022:
2016:
1972:
1682:
1648:
1527:
1522:
1432:. Thus, in all the villages inhabited by Druze and Christians in central
1153:
1149:
1067:
toured the predominantly Druze Chouf region of Mount Lebanon and visited
1030:
980:
2749:
The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives
1944:
4678:
4266:
1570:
1278:
921:
909:
4226:
3515:
Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah: The Unholy Alliance and Its War on Lebanon
2357:
Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah: The Unholy Alliance and Its War on Lebanon
2019:(1932–2014), a Lebanese-American radio personality/DJ born in Detroit.
846:
4249:
4010:
3906:
3846:
3018:
2064:
1707:
1589:
1513:
1352:
1259:
1145:
1134:
1092:
937:
747:
492:
2412:
1254:, also known as "the Virgin of the Druze," is venerated by both the
4323:
4138:
3049:
2890:
An occasion for war: civil conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860
2574:
An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860
2013:(1917–1977), a prominent Lebanese progressive socialist politician.
1867:
1384:
1274:
1200:
1068:
1014:
854:
820:
740:
2073:(born 1965), Lebanese politician and the head of the mostly Druze
1991:(1572–1635), a Druze prince and an early leader of the Emirate of
87:
4391:
4382:
4101:
3856:
2722:"Are the Druze People Arabs or Muslims? Deciphering Who They Are"
2037:(born 1949), a Lebanese politician and the current leader of the
1550:
1402:
1376:
1325:
1310:
1208:
1204:
988:
976:
957:
953:
897:
867:
859:
827:
819:
is generally considered the "birthplace of the Druze faith". The
782:. Lebanon has the world's second largest Druze population, after
732:
96:
1930:
4116:
3901:
3841:
3135:
Politics and Change in a Traditional Society: Lebanon 1711-1845
3099:
1545:
1440:
and Saint Elijah because he competed with the pagan priests of
1429:
1360:
1341:
1192:
1168:
779:
559:
92:
29:
2047:(born 1953), a Lebanese-American journalist based in New York.
4718:, comprising 18 recognized religious sects recognized by the
4133:
4111:
4106:
3799:
3582:
the Druze had been able to live in harmony with the Christian
3248:
A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered
2492:
the Druze had been able to live in harmony with the Christian
2455:(illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 46.
2053:(born 1954), a Lebanese politician, and member of parliament.
1992:
1470:
1425:
1255:
1003:
972:
901:
863:
790:
783:
736:
59:
1219:, and they constitute about the quarter of residents of the
1215:, and they constitute about a third of the residents of the
1211:. The Druze make up more than half of the population of the
4143:
4096:
1441:
1395:
1196:
996:
2260:
https://books.google.com/books?id=wXO8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA97
731:
group constituting about 5.2 percent of the population of
3432:
2303:
Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
1345:
1034:
834:. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the
3768:
2942:
Middle Eastern Minorities: The Impact of the Arab Spring
2806:
The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East
2274:
The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East
2133:
Displacement and Dispossession in the Modern Middle East
2001:(1869–1946), a Druze prince and notable Islamic scholar.
1269:
and Druze became a genetic isolate in the predominantly
1235:
1102:
and Druze became a genetic isolate in the predominantly
4714:
has the most religious diversity of all peoples in the
2611:
The Lebanese war: its origins and political dimensions
1428:'s favorite venerated figures: Saint George and Saint
1195:, and they constitute the majority of the population
1017:, demolishing Druze prayer houses and holy places and
2557:. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. p. 53.
3543:
Lebanon in Strife: Student Preludes to the Civil War
3446:
Lebanon in Strife: Student Preludes to the Civil War
2792:
society and do not necessarily identify as Muslims..
1029:(1975–90), the Druze were predominantly in favor of
983:. Even though the faith originally developed out of
769:
722:
2429:
The Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions
2235:
The Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions
2163:
Lebanon 2015 International Religious Freedom Report
34:
Distribution of Druze in Lebanon by voting district
3400:Middle East Patterns: Places, People, and Politics
3093:
2176:
2165:U.S. Department of State. Retrieved on 2019-04-23.
4588:Ethnic minorities, refugees and foreign nationals
4046:1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus
3615:
3349:. University of Philadelphia Press. p. 232.
2419:
2179:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions
1754:1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus
4737:
3220:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976
3100:Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009-01-01).
3015:"Saturday's live coverage of the war in Lebanon"
2548:
2546:
3250:. University of California Press. p. 162.
3045:"Lebanon's Fighting Spreads to Druze Heartland"
2222:
2099:Venezuelan politician of Lebanese Druze Origin.
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3697:
3695:
3587:
3559:
2834:The Druze between Palestine and Israel 1947–49
2774:
2450:
2331:. University of California Press. p. 10.
2293:
1230:
1033:and Palestinian resistance represented by the
4365:
3784:
3720:. University of Michigan Press. p. 274.
2543:
1892:
1448:that resemble their own militarized society.
1438:Saint George because he confronted the dragon
1413:posing as Christians for practical reasons.
950:relationship between the Druze and Christians
684:
3658:
3534:
2383:United Nations Development Programme :
904:. The Druze beliefs incorporate elements of
4407:
3747:
3734:
3692:
3639:
3137:. Princeton University Press. p. 241.
2803:
2570:
2425:
2326:
2271:
2228:
793:community is designated as one of the five
4372:
4358:
3791:
3777:
3752:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 310–314.
3598:. Bar-Ilan University Press. p. 166.
3424:
3422:
3321:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 21.
3316:
3293:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 21.
3288:
3217:
2808:. Michigan University Press. p. 114.
2746:
2663:
2508:. Bar-Ilan University Press. p. 166.
2276:. Michigan University Press. p. 114.
1899:
1885:
971:Historically the relationship between the
691:
677:
28:
4026:1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze
3718:Asian and African Studies: Vol. 19, No. 3
3711:
3709:
3707:
3621:
3506:
3372:
3084:
2914:
2863:
2639:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 132.
2531:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2025:(born 1946), a Lebanese-American painter.
1722:1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze
3669:. Indiana University Press. p. 95.
3626:. Montserrat Abbey Library. p. 25.
3222:. Harvard University Press. p. 35.
3132:
3042:
2779:. Oxford University Press. p. 142.
2536:. Montserrat Abbey Library. p. 25.
2403:
2401:
1245:
1160:According to scholar Colbert C. Held of
1144:
1084:, the son of Lebanese independence hero
1013:. The persecution of the Druze included
872:
853:
845:
3667:Memorials and Martyrs in Modern Lebanon
3540:
3443:
3419:
3397:
3347:Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life
3160:
2831:
2652:relationship between Muslims and Druzes
2174:
1344:, and use of common words to designate
4738:
3715:
3704:
3683:
3565:
3471:
3429:تعرف على طائفة "الموحدين العرب" الدروز
3245:
2852:) of the Muwaḥḥidūn was instigated ...
2564:
2475:
2299:
2203:
2149:
2127:
1418:Christian influence on the Druze faith
1037:. Most of the community supported the
896:, such as fasting during the month of
4353:
3772:
3593:
3344:
3189:
2939:
2895:
2777:The Oxford Handbook of American Islam
2692:
2634:
2607:
2552:
2503:
2398:
1236:Relationship with Lebanese Christians
190:Native communities outside of Lebanon
3664:
3512:
3106:. Infobase Publishing. p. 530.
2411:. druze.org.au. 2015. Archived from
2354:
2168:
892:The Druze faith does not follow the
624:List of political parties in Lebanon
3644:. Taylor & Francis. p. 9.
3036:
2981:
2637:Historical Dictionary of the Druzes
2121:
759:
712:
13:
3103:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
1363:, especially before and after the
14:
4757:
3748:Beaurepaire, Pierre-Yves (2017).
3640:Beaurepaire, Pierre-Yves (2017).
1451:
1065:Patriarch Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir
4381:
4334:
4333:
4322:
4031:Druze Power Struggle (1658–1667)
3865:
2970:, Meib, May 2003, archived from
1971:
1957:
1943:
1929:
1915:
1866:
1731:Druze Power Struggle (1658–1667)
1478:
1379:. It falls sometime between the
987:, most Druze do not identify as
660:
86:
3633:
3490:
3465:
3437:
3391:
3366:
3338:
3310:
3282:
3267:
3239:
3211:
3183:
3154:
3126:
3068:
3007:
2958:
2933:
2908:
2882:
2857:
2825:
2797:
2775:Yazbeck Haddad, Yvonne (2014).
2768:
2740:
2714:
2686:
2657:
2628:
2601:
2525:
2497:
2469:
2444:
2376:
2348:
1162:University of Nebraska, Lincoln
1140:
1129:, becoming communicants of the
16:Ethnoreligious group in Lebanon
4006:Kisrawan campaigns (1292–1305)
3476:. Berghahn Books. p. 17.
2915:C. Tucker, Spencer C. (2019).
2868:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 364–366.
2864:C. Tucker, Spencer C. (2019).
2579:University of California Press
2451:William Harris (19 Jul 2012).
2320:
2265:
2253:
2197:
2135:. Cambridge University Press.
1411:Lebanon under the Ottoman rule
1:
4245:Abu Mohammad Jawad Walieddine
3596:Confrontation and Coexistence
3545:. University of Texas Press.
3448:. University of Texas Press.
3373:Panagakos, Anastasia (2015).
2664:K. Zartman, Jonathan (2020).
2506:Confrontation and Coexistence
2115:
2059:(1962–2015), a member of the
991:, and they do not accept the
900:, and making a pilgrimage to
826:and the Druze founded modern
4071:Druze in Mandatory Palestine
3624:The Druzes and the Maronites
2804:De McLaurin, Ronald (1979).
2534:The Druzes and the Maronites
2453:Lebanon: A History, 600-2011
2395:. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
2327:Khuri Hitti, Philip (1996).
2272:De McLaurin, Ronald (1979).
2083:(born 1972), a TV presenter.
966:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
488:Timeline of Lebanese history
7:
4456:Assyrian Church of the East
4051:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
2555:Near East/South Asia Report
2204:Sewell, Abby (2017-09-15).
2103:
2039:Progressive Socialist Party
1407:Egyptian rule in the Levant
1231:Intercommunal relationships
1111:Druze embraced Christianity
1039:Progressive Socialist Party
832:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
770:
723:
513:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
10:
4762:
3863:
3701:Morgenstern, 1966, p. 158.
3402:. Routledge. p. 109.
3317:A. Kayyali, Randa (2006).
3289:A. Kayyali, Randa (2006).
3218:al- H̲azīn, Farīd (2000).
3165:. SUNY Press. p. 14.
2061:Palestine Liberation Front
1401:and Druze in Lebanon. The
1281:(members of the Maronite,
1239:
956:has been characterized by
841:
584:French language in Lebanon
478:History of ancient Lebanon
4708:
4587:
4562:
4511:
4398:
4317:
4235:
4199:
4157:
4089:
3993:
3967:
3936:
3915:
3874:
3806:
3798:
3570:. Routledge. p. 32.
3398:C. Held, Colbert (2008).
3194:. Routledge. p. 14.
3190:Nisan, Mordechai (2004).
2919:. ABC-CLIO. p. 364.
2751:. Routledge. p. 33.
2747:J. Stewart, Dona (2008).
2668:. ABC-CLIO. p. 199.
2480:. Routledge. p. 32.
2075:Lebanese Democratic Party
1371:is a feast day shared by
1078:Lebanese Democratic Party
58:
53:
44:
39:
27:
3892:Bahā'a ad-Dīn al-Muqtana
3377:. ABC-CLIO. p. 99.
3276:The Maronites in History
3133:F. Harik, Iliya (2017).
2614:. C. Hurst. p. 10.
2183:. Merriam-Webster, Inc.
858:A Druze woman wearing a
797:communities in Lebanon (
4726:Constitution of Lebanon
4724:Under the terms of the
4720:Constitution of Lebanon
4011:Tanukh (Buhtur) dynasty
3985:Ziyarat Al Nabi Shu'ayb
3541:Barakat, Halim (2011).
3444:Barakat, Halim (2011).
2967:Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir
2940:Zabad, Ibrahim (2017).
2836:. Springer. p. 2.
2175:Doniger, Wendy (1999).
1708:Tanukh (Buhtur) dynasty
1119:Protestant Christianity
1041:formed by their leader
750:, and self identify as
644:Coat of arms of Lebanon
417:Cultural Heritage sites
4172:Maronite-Druze dualism
4167:Christianity and Druze
4056:Hauran Druze Rebellion
3716:Genzor, Jozef (1990).
3594:Artzi, Pinḥas (1984).
3566:Hazran, Yusri (2013).
3472:Bowman, Glenn (2012).
3345:Hobby, Jeneen (2011).
3246:Salibi, Kamal (1900).
3161:Shwayri, Raif (2016).
2989:"Who's who in Lebanon"
2693:Layiš, Aharôn (1982).
2608:Vocke, Harald (1978).
2504:Artzi, Pinḥas (1984).
2476:Hazran, Yusri (2013).
2300:Stokes, Jamie (2009).
1852:Christianity and Druze
1763:Hauran Druze Rebellion
1599:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana
1263:
1242:Christianity and Druze
1157:
934:
889:
870:
851:
535:South Lebanon conflict
4292:List of Israeli Druze
4021:Mount Lebanon Emirate
3882:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
3689:Panzac, 1995, p. 381.
3513:Deeb, Marius (2013).
2888:Taraze Fawaz, Leila.
2355:Deeb, Marius (2013).
1576:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
1249:
1148:
993:five pillars of Islam
943:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
930:
894:Five Pillars of Islam
876:
857:
849:
746:originating from the
4309:Persecution of Druze
4272:Druze Arabic dialect
4076:Jaysh al-Muwahhideen
3887:Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi
3665:Volk, Lucia (2010).
2832:Parsons, L. (2000).
2697:. BRILL. p. 1.
2635:Swayd, Samy (2015).
2571:Fawaz, L.T. (1994).
2426:James Lewis (2002).
1837:Persecution of Druze
1369:Thursday of the Dead
862:during the 1870s in
634:Lebanese nationalism
370:United Arab Emirates
4475:Armenian Apostolics
4329:Religion portal
4262:Alam al-Din dynasty
3852:Seven Durzi pillars
2110:Religion in Lebanon
1873:Religion portal
1777:Jaysh al-Muwahhidin
1537:Seven Druze pillars
1267:Lebanese Christians
1100:Lebanese Christians
1091:On May 10, 2008,
1082:Prince Talal Arslan
739:faith, which is an
520:1958 Lebanon crisis
152:Lebanese Christians
24:
4437:Maronite Catholics
4427:Chaldean Catholics
4422:Armenian Catholics
4149:Salman the Persian
4081:Qalb Loze massacre
4036:Battle of Ain Dara
3923:Epistles of Wisdom
3907:Muhammad al-Darazī
3622:Churchill (1862).
3319:The Arab Americans
3291:The Arab Americans
2532:CHURCHILL (1862).
2432:. Prometheus Books
2391:2011-07-18 at the
2097:Tarek William Saab
1999:Emir Shakib Arslan
1782:Qalb Loze massacre
1740:Battle of Ain Dara
1624:Epistles of Wisdom
1365:Lebanese Civil War
1319:Marjeyoun District
1273:. The Druzite and
1264:
1158:
1113:, such as some of
1027:Lebanese Civil War
890:
871:
852:
744:Abrahamic religion
735:. They follow the
667:Lebanon portal
530:Lebanese Civil War
483:History of Lebanon
22:
4733:
4732:
4583:
4582:
4558:
4557:
4507:
4506:
4470:Oriental Orthodox
4442:Melkite Catholics
4347:
4346:
4200:Druze communities
4184:Judaism and Druze
4158:Relationship with
4061:Jabal Druze State
4041:1838 Druze Revolt
3975:Al-Khidr Festival
3954:Khalwat al-Bayada
3875:Important figures
3497:Haber et al. 2013
3455:978-0-292-73981-9
3409:978-0-429-96200-4
3384:978-1-4408-3332-8
3356:978-1-4144-4891-6
3328:978-0-313-33219-7
3300:978-0-313-33219-7
3257:978-0-520-07196-4
3229:978-0-674-08105-5
3201:978-1-135-75952-0
3172:978-1-4384-6095-6
3144:978-1-4008-8686-9
3113:978-1-4381-1025-7
3075:Haber et al. 2013
2951:978-1-317-09672-6
2926:978-1-4408-5353-1
2875:978-1-4408-5353-1
2843:978-0-230-59598-9
2815:978-0-03-052596-4
2786:978-0-19-986263-4
2758:978-1-135-98079-5
2704:978-90-04-06412-6
2675:978-1-4408-6503-9
2646:978-1-4422-4617-1
2588:978-0-520-08782-8
2515:978-965-226-049-9
2487:978-1-317-93173-7
2462:978-0-19-518111-1
2366:978-0-8179-1666-4
2338:978-1-5381-2418-5
2313:978-1-4381-2676-0
2283:978-0-03-052596-4
2142:978-0-521-81792-9
2071:Emir Talal Arslan
2005:Emir Majid Arslan
1985:
1984:
1909:
1908:
1847:Religious symbols
1795:Druze communities
1768:Jabal Druze State
1745:1838 Druze Revolt
1654:Shrine of Shu'ayb
1564:Important figures
1375:and Druze in the
1086:Emir Majid Arslan
1062:Maronite Catholic
1019:forced conversion
1000:Fatimid Caliphate
768:
721:
701:
700:
609:Lebanese politics
498:County of Tripoli
208:Lebanese diaspora
106:
65:
64:
4753:
4746:Druze in Lebanon
4560:
4559:
4509:
4508:
4447:Syriac Catholics
4405:
4404:
4386:
4385:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4351:
4350:
4337:
4336:
4327:
4326:
4255:Sultan al-Atrash
4122:John the Baptist
3927:Rasa'il al-Hikma
3869:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3745:
3732:
3731:
3713:
3702:
3699:
3690:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3517:. Hoover Press.
3510:
3504:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3441:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3286:
3280:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3082:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3053:. Archived from
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3021:. Archived from
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2977:on July 20, 2009
2976:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2912:
2906:
2899:
2893:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2396:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2359:. Hoover Press.
2352:
2346:
2345:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2240:Prometheus Books
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2147:
2146:
2125:
1975:
1961:
1947:
1933:
1919:
1911:
1910:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1871:
1870:
1628:Rasa'il al-Hikma
1482:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1456:
1455:
1422:Christian saints
1389:Eastern Orthodox
1307:Rashaya District
1283:Eastern Orthodox
1217:Rachaya District
1109:A number of the
1073:Cedar Revolution
1060:In August 2001,
878:Christian Church
773:
763:
761:
726:
716:
714:
693:
686:
679:
665:
664:
663:
575:
403:Lebanese culture
130:Lebanese Muslims
100:
90:
67:
66:
32:
25:
21:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4712:Lebanese people
4704:
4579:
4554:
4536:Ismaili Shiites
4531:Alawite Shiites
4526:Shiite Twelvers
4503:
4485:Syriac Orthodox
4480:Coptic Orthodox
4432:Latin Catholics
4394:
4380:
4378:
4348:
4343:
4321:
4313:
4282:Jumblatt family
4237:
4231:
4222:Jordanian Druze
4195:
4179:Islam and Druze
4160:other religions
4159:
4153:
4085:
3989:
3963:
3932:
3911:
3870:
3861:
3802:
3797:
3767:
3760:
3746:
3735:
3728:
3714:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3677:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3638:
3634:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3592:
3588:
3578:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3470:
3466:
3456:
3442:
3438:
3427:
3420:
3410:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3287:
3283:
3278:, p. 283. Quote
3272:
3268:
3258:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3188:
3184:
3173:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3131:
3127:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3098:
3094:
3090:Mishaqa, p. 23.
3089:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3060:
3058:
3057:on May 14, 2008
3041:
3037:
3028:
3026:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2995:. 14 March 2005
2987:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2913:
2909:
2900:
2896:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2862:
2858:
2844:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2802:
2798:
2787:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2728:. 8 August 2018
2720:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2691:
2687:
2676:
2662:
2658:
2647:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2606:
2602:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2569:
2565:
2551:
2544:
2530:
2526:
2516:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2424:
2420:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2393:Wayback Machine
2381:
2377:
2367:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2227:
2223:
2214:
2212:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2150:
2143:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2106:
2081:Mona Abou Hamze
2045:Raghida Dergham
1989:Fakhr-al-Din II
1981:
1976:
1967:
1962:
1953:
1948:
1939:
1934:
1925:
1923:Fakhr-al-Din II
1920:
1905:
1865:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1817:Jordanian Druze
1796:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1772:
1758:
1749:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1658:
1643:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1618:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1594:
1580:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1541:
1532:
1518:
1504:
1490:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1357:Maundy Thursday
1299:Baabda District
1252:Saidet et Tallé
1244:
1238:
1233:
1143:
844:
795:Lebanese Muslim
697:
661:
659:
654:
653:
649:Flag of Lebanon
604:
596:
595:
573:
565:Lebanese Arabic
555:
547:
546:
525:Greater Lebanon
473:
465:
464:
398:
390:
389:
187:
179:
178:
120:Lebanese people
115:
114:Lebanese people
107:
99:
80:Lebanese people
48:Lebanese Arabic
46:
35:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4759:
4749:
4748:
4731:
4730:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4566:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4517:
4515:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4466:
4465:
4463:Greek Orthodox
4459:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4413:
4411:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4377:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4354:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4331:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4250:Al-Atrash clan
4247:
4241:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4227:Druze diaspora
4224:
4219:
4214:
4212:Lebanese Druze
4209:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4163:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3949:Jabal al-Druze
3946:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3773:
3766:
3765:
3758:
3733:
3727:978-0700702268
3726:
3703:
3691:
3682:
3675:
3657:
3650:
3632:
3614:
3604:
3586:
3576:
3558:
3551:
3533:
3523:
3505:
3489:
3482:
3464:
3454:
3436:
3418:
3408:
3390:
3383:
3365:
3355:
3337:
3327:
3309:
3299:
3281:
3266:
3256:
3238:
3228:
3210:
3200:
3182:
3171:
3153:
3143:
3125:
3112:
3092:
3083:
3067:
3043:Kandy Ringer.
3035:
3006:
2980:
2957:
2950:
2932:
2925:
2907:
2894:
2881:
2874:
2856:
2842:
2824:
2814:
2796:
2785:
2767:
2757:
2739:
2713:
2703:
2685:
2674:
2656:
2645:
2627:
2620:
2600:
2587:
2563:
2553:Hobby (1985).
2542:
2524:
2514:
2496:
2486:
2468:
2461:
2443:
2418:
2415:on 2016-02-14.
2397:
2375:
2365:
2347:
2337:
2319:
2312:
2292:
2282:
2264:
2252:
2221:
2196:
2189:
2167:
2148:
2141:
2131:(2010-03-15).
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2084:
2078:
2068:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2035:Walid Jumblatt
2032:
2029:Akram Chehayeb
2026:
2020:
2014:
2011:Kamal Jumblatt
2008:
2002:
1996:
1983:
1982:
1979:Walid Jumblatt
1977:
1970:
1968:
1965:Kamal Jumblatt
1963:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:Related topics
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1807:Lebanese Druze
1804:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1475:
1474:
1453:
1452:Notable people
1450:
1446:warrior saints
1381:Easter Sundays
1338:Ottoman period
1303:Chouf District
1240:Main article:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1221:Chouf District
1142:
1139:
1115:Shihab dynasty
1051:Walid Jumblatt
1047:Lebanese Front
1043:Kamal Jumblatt
1007:Ottoman Empire
886:Shuf Mountains
843:
840:
729:ethnoreligious
705:Lebanese Druze
699:
698:
696:
695:
688:
681:
673:
670:
669:
656:
655:
652:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
619:Prime Minister
616:
611:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
588:
587:
586:
576:
570:
569:
568:
567:
556:
553:
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
543:
542:
540:Taif Agreement
537:
527:
522:
517:
516:
515:
510:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
474:
471:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
456:
455:
449:
448:
443:
437:
436:
431:
425:
424:
419:
413:
412:
406:
405:
399:
396:
395:
392:
391:
388:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
351:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
249:
248:
243:
238:
233:
231:United Kingdom
228:
223:
204:
203:
198:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
175:
174:
169:
164:
162:Greek Orthodox
159:
149:
148:
147:
142:
137:
127:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:
103:Lebanese cedar
91:
83:
82:
76:
75:
74:of articles on
63:
62:
56:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
33:
23:Lebanese Druze
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4758:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4727:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4375:
4370:
4368:
4363:
4361:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4340:
4332:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4304:Mowafaq Tarif
4302:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4287:List of Druze
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:Druze cuisine
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:Israeli Druze
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4190:
4189:Druze Zionism
4187:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3897:Hamza ibn Ali
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3837:Reincarnation
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:Ahl at-Tawhīd
3819:
3815:
3814:Al-Muwahhidūn
3812:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3782:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3761:
3759:9781351722179
3755:
3751:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3686:
3678:
3676:9780253004925
3672:
3668:
3661:
3653:
3651:9781351722179
3647:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3607:
3605:9789652260499
3601:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3579:
3577:9781317931737
3573:
3569:
3562:
3554:
3552:9780292739819
3548:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3526:
3524:9780817916664
3520:
3516:
3509:
3498:
3493:
3485:
3483:9780857454867
3479:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3386:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3274:Matti Moosa,
3270:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3115:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3096:
3087:
3076:
3071:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3025:on 2008-06-12
3024:
3020:
3016:
3010:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2953:
2947:
2944:. Routledge.
2943:
2936:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2901:Goren, Haim.
2898:
2891:
2885:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2621:0-903983-92-3
2617:
2613:
2612:
2604:
2590:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2567:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2431:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2296:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2256:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2190:0-87779-044-2
2186:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:representing
2062:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1937:Shakib Arslan
1932:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:List of Druze
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:Israeli Druze
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1672:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1638:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1585:Hamza ibn Ali
1583:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:Reincarnation
1507:
1506:
1501:
1500:Ahl at-Tawhid
1497:
1496:Al-Muwahhidun
1494:
1493:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:Mount Lebanon
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:Mount Lebanon
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1315:Matn District
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:Aley District
1292:
1291:Mount Lebanon
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:Islamic world
1268:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1228:
1226:
1225:Matn District
1222:
1218:
1214:
1213:Aley District
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:Protestantism
1125:converted to
1124:
1123:United States
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1104:Islamic world
1101:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
990:
986:
985:Ismaili Islam
982:
978:
974:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
939:
933:
929:
927:
926:al-Muwaḥḥidūn
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
887:
883:
879:
875:
869:
865:
861:
856:
848:
839:
837:
836:National Pact
833:
829:
825:
822:
818:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
775:
772:
766:
757:
753:
749:
745:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
719:
710:
706:
694:
689:
687:
682:
680:
675:
674:
672:
671:
668:
658:
657:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
639:Phoenicianism
637:
635:
632:
630:
629:National Pact
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
600:
599:
592:
589:
585:
582:
581:
580:
577:
572:
571:
566:
563:
562:
561:
558:
557:
551:
550:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
514:
511:
509:
508:1860 conflict
506:
505:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
469:
468:
461:
458:
457:
454:
451:
450:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
411:
408:
407:
404:
401:
400:
394:
393:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
356:
355:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
258:United States
256:
255:
254:
253:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
217:
216:
212:
210:
209:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
191:
183:
182:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
132:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
117:
111:
110:
104:
98:
94:
89:
85:
84:
81:
78:
77:
73:
69:
68:
61:
57:
52:
49:
43:
38:
31:
26:
4665:Palestinians
4575:Baháʼí Faith
4549:
4409:Christianity
4388:Demographics
4299:Majid Arslan
4207:Syrian Druze
4127:Saint George
4066:Mountain War
4016:Ma'n dynasty
4001:Wadi al-Taym
3959:Nabi Shu'ayb
3944:Druze Khalwa
3926:
3749:
3717:
3685:
3666:
3660:
3641:
3635:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3609:
3595:
3589:
3581:
3567:
3561:
3542:
3536:
3528:
3514:
3508:
3492:
3473:
3467:
3459:
3445:
3439:
3413:
3399:
3393:
3374:
3368:
3360:
3346:
3340:
3332:
3318:
3312:
3304:
3290:
3284:
3275:
3269:
3261:
3247:
3241:
3233:
3219:
3213:
3205:
3191:
3185:
3176:
3162:
3156:
3148:
3134:
3128:
3117:. Retrieved
3102:
3095:
3086:
3070:
3059:. Retrieved
3055:the original
3048:
3038:
3027:. Retrieved
3023:the original
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2992:
2983:
2972:the original
2966:
2960:
2941:
2935:
2916:
2910:
2902:
2897:
2889:
2884:
2865:
2859:
2849:
2847:
2833:
2827:
2819:
2805:
2799:
2790:
2776:
2770:
2762:
2748:
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2726:Arab America
2725:
2716:
2708:
2694:
2688:
2679:
2665:
2659:
2650:
2636:
2630:
2610:
2603:
2592:. Retrieved
2573:
2566:
2558:
2554:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2519:
2505:
2499:
2491:
2477:
2471:
2452:
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2428:
2421:
2413:the original
2384:
2378:
2370:
2356:
2350:
2342:
2328:
2322:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2273:
2267:
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2234:
2224:
2213:. Retrieved
2209:
2199:
2178:
2170:
2132:
2129:Chatty, Dawn
2123:
2087:Amal Clooney
2057:Samir Kuntar
1951:Majid Arslan
1802:Syrian Druze
1713:Ma'n dynasty
1627:
1415:
1350:
1323:
1265:
1250:The icon of
1166:
1159:
1154:Niha village
1141:Demographics
1131:Presbyterian
1108:
1098:
1090:
1059:
1055:Mountain War
1023:
1011:Egypt Eyalet
970:
947:
935:
931:
918:Unitarianism
914:Neoplatonism
891:
882:Druze Khalwa
817:Wadi al-Taym
815:
788:
776:
724:durūz lubnān
704:
702:
503:Ottoman rule
422:Architecture
380:Saudi Arabia
353:
352:
348:South Africa
343:Sierra Leone
251:
250:
214:
213:
206:
205:
189:
144:
19:Ethnic group
4716:Middle East
4690:Sri Lankans
4494:Protestants
3980:Eid Al Adha
3937:Holy places
3832:Esotericism
3827:Divine call
2230:James Lewis
2051:Ghazi Aridi
2023:Nabil Kanso
2017:Casey Kasem
1683:Eid al-Adha
1649:Mount Druze
1642:Holy places
1528:Divine Call
1523:Esotericism
1424:become the
1416:Due to the
1336:during the
1330:coexistence
1150:Prophet Job
1031:Pan-Arabism
962:coexistence
354:Middle East
333:Ivory Coast
273:New Zealand
186:Communities
45:Vernacular:
4660:Pakistanis
4605:Bulgarians
4267:Amin Tarif
3119:2013-05-25
3061:2008-12-24
3029:2008-12-24
2594:2015-04-16
2215:2018-09-16
2116:References
1604:Al-Tanukhi
1399:Christians
1373:Christians
1279:Christians
1152:shrine in
1137:Churches.
922:Monotheism
910:Gnosticism
771:muwaḥḥidīn
752:unitarians
713:دروز لبنان
434:Literature
172:Protestant
4610:Canadians
4600:Assyrians
4595:Armenians
4417:Catholics
3968:Holy days
3847:Theophany
3019:Ya Libnan
2999:13 August
2975:(dossier)
2065:Hezbollah
1676:Holy days
1590:Al-Darazi
1514:Theophany
1392:Christian
1353:Christmas
1260:Christian
1189:Marjeyoun
1135:Methodist
1093:Hezbollah
1015:massacres
938:Tanukhids
906:Ismailism
824:Catholics
805:, Druze,
765:romanized
748:Near East
727:) are an
718:romanized
614:President
493:Phoenicia
313:Venezuela
278:Argentina
268:Australia
40:Languages
4740:Category
4685:Russians
4640:Italians
4630:Iranians
4545:Sunnites
4400:Religion
4339:Category
4238:Features
4139:Muhammad
4090:Prophets
3818:Mowahhid
3178:religion
3050:BBC News
2993:BBC News
2905:p.95-96.
2732:13 April
2389:Archived
2232:(2002).
2210:GulfNews
2104:See also
2093:mother).
1463:a series
1461:Part of
1385:Catholic
1275:Maronite
1223:and the
1201:Baakleen
1069:Mukhtara
981:Isma'ili
821:Maronite
741:esoteric
603:Politics
554:Language
410:Religion
328:Paraguay
293:Colombia
252:Overseas
157:Maronite
124:religion
72:a series
70:Part of
54:Religion
4695:Syrians
4625:Indians
4521:Shiites
4499:Baptist
4392:Lebanon
4102:Abraham
3994:History
3857:Walayah
3807:Beliefs
2892:. p.63.
2409:"Druze"
1701:History
1663:Khalwat
1571:Shu'ayb
1551:Walayah
1489:Beliefs
1403:baptism
1383:of the
1377:Lebanon
1326:harmony
1311:Hasbaya
1287:Melkite
1209:Rashaya
1205:Hasbaya
1177:Rashaya
1173:Hasbaya
1080:led by
989:Muslims
977:Muslims
958:harmony
954:Lebanon
898:Ramadan
868:Lebanon
860:tantour
842:History
828:Lebanon
811:Ismaili
767::
733:Lebanon
720::
591:English
574:Foreign
472:History
453:Cuisine
397:Culture
338:Senegal
323:Jamaica
308:Ecuador
298:Uruguay
221:Germany
167:Melkite
97:Lebanon
4681:groups
4675:Romani
4655:Malays
4635:Iraqis
4620:Greeks
4615:French
4117:Elijah
3902:Shuaib
3842:Taqiya
3756:
3724:
3673:
3648:
3602:
3574:
3549:
3521:
3480:
3452:
3406:
3381:
3353:
3325:
3297:
3254:
3226:
3198:
3169:
3141:
3110:
2948:
2923:
2872:
2840:
2812:
2783:
2755:
2701:
2672:
2643:
2618:
2585:
2512:
2484:
2459:
2436:13 May
2363:
2335:
2310:
2280:
2245:13 May
2187:
2139:
2041:(PSP).
1688:Ziyara
1546:Taqiya
1430:Elijah
1420:, two
1361:Easter
1342:saints
1317:, and
1301:, and
1193:Beirut
1169:Beirut
1009:, and
924:" or "
809:, and
780:Beirut
760:موحدين
756:Arabic
709:Arabic
579:French
560:Arabic
446:Cinema
365:Kuwait
288:Mexico
283:Brazil
263:Canada
241:Greece
236:Sweden
226:France
215:Europe
196:Cyprus
93:Emblem
4700:Turks
4670:Poles
4650:Kurds
4563:Other
4550:Druze
4513:Islam
4236:Other
4134:Moses
4112:Khidr
4107:Jesus
3916:Texts
3800:Druze
2850:mihna
2681:more.
2091:Sunni
1993:Chouf
1617:Texts
1471:Druze
1426:Druze
1256:Druze
1181:Chouf
1004:Sunni
973:Druze
902:Mecca
864:Chouf
807:Alawi
799:Sunni
791:Druze
784:Syria
737:Druze
460:Sport
441:Music
375:Qatar
360:Egypt
318:Haiti
303:Chile
246:Spain
201:Syria
145:Druze
140:Sunni
60:Druze
4710:The
4645:Jews
4570:Jews
4144:Noah
4097:Adam
3754:ISBN
3722:ISBN
3671:ISBN
3646:ISBN
3600:ISBN
3572:ISBN
3547:ISBN
3519:ISBN
3478:ISBN
3450:ISBN
3404:ISBN
3379:ISBN
3351:ISBN
3323:ISBN
3295:ISBN
3252:ISBN
3224:ISBN
3196:ISBN
3167:ISBN
3139:ISBN
3108:ISBN
3001:2011
2946:ISBN
2921:ISBN
2870:ISBN
2838:ISBN
2810:ISBN
2781:ISBN
2753:ISBN
2734:2020
2699:ISBN
2670:ISBN
2641:ISBN
2616:ISBN
2583:ISBN
2510:ISBN
2482:ISBN
2457:ISBN
2438:2015
2361:ISBN
2333:ISBN
2308:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2247:2015
2185:ISBN
2137:ISBN
1465:on
1442:Baal
1396:Arab
1387:and
1359:and
1328:and
1258:and
1207:and
1197:Aley
1191:and
1185:Aley
997:Shia
975:and
960:and
948:The
936:The
880:and
803:Shia
703:The
385:Iran
135:Shia
4679:Dom
4390:of
3433:BBC
1346:God
1305:),
1133:or
1035:PLO
952:in
920:or
884:in
774:).
429:Art
122:by
95:of
4742::
3736:^
3706:^
3694:^
3608:.
3580:.
3527:.
3458:.
3431:,
3421:^
3412:.
3359:.
3331:.
3303:.
3260:.
3232:.
3204:.
3175:.
3147:.
3047:.
3017:.
2991:.
2846:.
2818:.
2789:.
2761:.
2724:.
2707:.
2678:.
2649:.
2581:.
2577:.
2545:^
2518:.
2490:.
2400:^
2369:.
2341:.
2306:.
2286:.
2238:.
2208:.
2151:^
1367:.
1355:,
1321:.
1313:,
1309:,
1297:,
1285:,
1227:.
1203:,
1199:,
1187:,
1183:,
1179:,
1175:,
1106:.
1088:.
1002:,
968:.
945:.
928:."
912:,
908:,
866:,
801:,
786:.
762:,
758::
715:,
711::
211::
192::
4722:.
4677:/
4373:e
4366:t
4359:v
3929:)
3925:(
3820:-
3816:/
3792:e
3785:t
3778:v
3762:.
3730:.
3679:.
3654:.
3555:.
3486:.
3387:.
3122:.
3064:.
3032:.
3003:.
2954:.
2929:.
2878:.
2736:.
2624:.
2597:.
2465:.
2440:.
2316:.
2249:.
2218:.
2193:.
2145:.
2077:.
2067:.
1995:.
1900:e
1893:t
1886:v
1630:)
1626:(
1498:-
1293:(
1156:.
888:.
754:(
707:(
692:e
685:t
678:v
126::
105:)
101:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
