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2370:), the Lebanese President nevertheless still wields considerable power. The constitutional remit of the president includes the role of Commander in Chief of the armed forces, as well as the sole ability to form and dissolve governments. Many Lebanese leaders, as well as global powers, continue to lobby to roll back features of the Taif Agreement that eroded the constitutional powers of the president of the republic. The role of president of the Lebanese Central bank is also a position reserved for Lebanese Christians. This is due to the historical and contemporary influence of Lebanese Christians among the key bankers of the Middle East region.
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independent in these areas. In 1857 and 1858 the
Maronites revolted against the large landowning families. The revolt was followed by a further struggle between the Druzes and Maronites over land ownership, political power, and safe passage of community members in the territory of the other. The conflict led France to send a military expedition to the area in 1860. The disagreements diminished in intensity only after the establishment of the Mandate and a political formula whereby all denominations achieved a degree of political representation.
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2522:) of the Roman Empire which included Rome. The final split took place in 1054. From that time, the Eastern Churches have continued to reject the claims of the Patriarchate of Rome (the Catholic Church) to universal supremacy and have rejected the concept of papal infallibility. Doctrinally, the main point at issue between the Eastern and Western Churches is that of the procession of the Holy Spirit and there are also divergences in ritual and discipline.
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d'Ivoire, and
Senegal. There are four minor seminaries in Lebanon (Al Batrun, Ghazir, Ayn Saadah, and Trablous) and a faculty of theology at the University of the Holy Spirit at Al Kaslik, which is run by the Maronite Monastic Order. The patriarch is elected in a secret ceremony by a synod of bishops and confirmed by the Pope.
2377:, family matters such as marriage, divorce, and inheritance are still handled by the religious authorities representing a person's faith. Calls for civil marriage are unanimously rejected by the religious authorities but civil marriages conducted in another country are recognized by Lebanese civil authorities.
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emerged as a distinct group from 1724 when they split from the Greek
Orthodox Church over a disputed election of the Patriarch of Antioch. The elected man was considered too 'pro-Roman' and another faction, the larger, elected a rival who was supported by the Orthodox patriarch in Constantinople (the
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The
Eastern Orthodox Christians include many free-holders, and the community is less dominated by large landowners than other Christian denominations. In present-day Lebanon, the Lebanese Greek Orthodox have become increasingly urbanized, and form a major part of the commercial and professional class
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Jesus left that place and went to the vicinity of Tyre. He entered a house and did not want anyone to know it; yet he could not keep his presence secret. In fact, as soon as she heard about him, a woman whose little daughter was possessed by an evil spirit came and fell at his feet. She begged Jesus
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live primarily in the central and eastern parts of the country, dispersed in many villages. Members of this rite are concentrated in Beirut, Zahlah, and the suburbs of Sidon. They have a relatively higher level of education than other denominations. Proud of their Arab heritage, Greek
Catholics have
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The highest official of the church since 1930 has been the
Patriarch of Antioch, who resides at Ayn Traz, about twenty-four kilometers southeast of Beirut. The patriarch is elected by bishops in a synod and confirmed by the Pope in Rome, who sends him a pallium (a circular band of white wool worn by
2000:
Lebanon has the highest proportion of
Christians of any country in the Middle East, but exact size of this population has been disputed for many years. One estimate of the Christian share of Lebanon's population, as of 2012, was 40.5%. And more recently, in 2018 the CIA World Factbook estimated that
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was organized in the third century and became autocephalous as a national church in the fourth century. In the sixth century, it modified the formulations of the
Council of Chalcedon of 451 that confirmed the dual nature of Christ in one person. Instead, the Armenian Apostolic Church adopted a form
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Leaders of the Rite have considered
Maronite Christianity as the "foundation of the Lebanese nation". The Maronites have been closely associated with the political system of independent Lebanon; it was estimated that in pre-Civil War Lebanon, members of this Rite held a large portion of the leading
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The
Maronite Church's full communion with the Catholic Church was reaffirmed in 1182, after hundreds of years of isolation in Mount Lebanon. By the terms of union, they retain their rites and canon law and use Arabic and Aramaic in their liturgy, as well the Karshuni script with old Syriac letters.
1935:
Due to their turbulent history, the Maronites formed a secluded identity in the mountains and valleys of Lebanon, led by the Maronite patriarch who voiced his opinion on contemporary issues. They identify themselves as a unique community whose religion and culture is distinct from the predominantly
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Besides the Beirut archdiocese, nine other archdioceses and dioceses are in the Middle East: Aleppo, Damascus, Jubayl-Al Batrun, Cyprus, Baalbek, Tripoli, Tyre, Sidon, and Cairo. Parishes and independent dioceses are situated in Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Côte
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in Lebanon were converted by missionaries, primarily English and American, during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. They are divided into a number of denominations, including Presbyterian, Congregational, and Anglican. They are perceived by some to number disproportionately highly among the
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helped establish a power-sharing system between the Christian and Muslim Lebanese political parties. The political and economic situation in Lebanon had improved greatly. Lebanon had rebuilt its infrastructure. Historical and contemporary conflicts between Hezbollah and Israel have threatened to
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In the late seventh century, as a result of persecutions from other Christians for the heterodox views they had adopted, the Maronites withdrew from the coastal regions into the mountainous areas of Lebanon and Syria. During the Ottoman era (1516–1914) they remained isolated and relatively
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was established by Saint Mark, an apostle and evangelist, in the middle of the 1st century (approximately AD 42). The ethnic Copts in Lebanon are estimated to number 3,000–4,000, and the Coptic Orthodox Church is one of the 18 religious sects recognized by the Lebanese Constitution.
2965:
There are several archdioceses and dioceses of the Syriac Orthodox Church on the territory of Lebanon. The church follows the Syriac liturgy of St. James and has an independent hierarchy under the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, whose seat was formerly at
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of Australia and New Zealand temporarily took over the archdiocese, handling all church related issues in Lebanon. The current bishops, the Bishop of Europe and the Bishop of Syria, oversee their individual dioceses until a new Metropolitan is appointed.
2546:. They are highly educated and well-versed in finance. The church has often served as a bridge between Lebanese Christians and the Arab countries, because it exists in various parts of the Arab world. Members of the rite constitute 8% of the population.
2137:. When a new patriarch is elected and enthroned, he requests ecclesiastic communion from the Pope, thus maintaining communion within the Catholic Church. Patriarchs may also be accorded the status of cardinals, in the rank of cardinal-bishops.
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deteriorate Lebanon's political and economic situation, with growing tension between the 8 March and 14 March alliances and threatening Lebanon with renewed strife. The Christian community is currently divided, with some aligned with the
1841:
in the 4th century AD, being of Greek/Eastern/Antiochian Orthodox origin and the founder of national and ecclesiastical Maronitism. Saint Maron adopted an ascetic and reclusive life on the banks of the Orontes river in the vicinity of
225:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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Movement Samir Geagea, and others within the collection of various 14 March Christian leaders. Although the Taif agreement was widely considered by Christians to degrade their role in Lebanon, by removing much of the
3478:.. Europeans who visited the area during this period related that the Druze "love the Christians more than the other believers," and that they "hate the Turks, the Muslims and the Arabs with an intense hatred.
2845:
The Archdiocese of Lebanon and Syria of the Assyrian Church of the East is based in the Mar Gewargis Church of Sad El Bouchrieh, Beirut, Lebanon. After the recent passing of the archdiocese's late Archbishop
2712:. During the civil war, the main stance of the Armenians was not to pick a side between Muslims or Christians and stay exempt mostly from the fighting. The largest Armenian community in Lebanon is found in
4716:
2583:, they have generally remained close to the Greek Orthodox Church, retaining more of the ancient rituals and customs than have the Maronites. They employ Arabic and Greek and follow the Byzantine rite.
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that believes in the united nature of divine and human in Christ, a belief shared by the Copts and the Syrian Orthodox Church (Oriental Orthodox Church). The Armenian Apostolic Church has two
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see of Antioch had ignored the split between the two which occurred in 1054 and was canonically in union with both in 1724). Although they fully accept Catholic doctrines as defined by the
2438:, a monk in the late fourth and early fifth centuries (who is considered by many to be the true origin of the Maronite Church). The words "maron" or "marun" in Syriac mean "small lord."
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2020:, is the largest and politically most active and influential denomination of Lebanon's Christians. The Catholic Church also includes other Eastern Catholic churches, such as the
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been able to strike a balance between their openness to the Arab world and their identification with the West. Greek Catholics are estimated to constitute 5% of the population.
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and requested the re-establishment of the entity of the Principality of Lebanon (1515AD–1840AD). With the creation of the state of Lebanon, Arabism was overcome by
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Note that the following percentages are estimates only. As the last Lebanese census was conducted in 1932, it is difficult to have precise population estimates.
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1943:
world. The Maronites played a major part in the definition of and the creation of the state of Lebanon. The modern state of Greater Lebanon was established by
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and founded a community of monks which began to preach the gospel in the surrounding areas. By faith, liturgy, rite, religious books and heritage, the
1830:. Even though Christianity was introduced to Lebanon after the first century AD, its spread was very slow, particularly in the mountainous areas where
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3024:. Even today, refugees continue to flee from northern Iraq and northeastern Syria into Lebanon or Jordan due to continuous unrest in Iraq and Syria.
2962:. Even today, refugees continue to flee from northern Iraq and northeastern Syria into Lebanon or Jordan due to continuous unrest in Iraq and Syria.
2897:. Even today, refugees continue to flee from northern Iraq and northeastern Syria into Lebanon or Jordan due to continuous unrest in Iraq and Syria.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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archbishops) in recognition of their communion. Greek Catholic churches, like those of the Greek Orthodox, contain icons but no statues. The
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1979:, the seats of presidency were distributed between the main Lebanese religious denominations. According to the pact, the President of the
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shall always be a Maronite. Furthermore, the pact also states that Lebanon is a state with an "Arab face" (not an Arab identity).
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Their origins are uncertain. One version traces them to John Maron of Antioch in the seventh century A.D.; another points to
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professional middle class. They constitute nearly 1 percent of the population (around 40,000) and live primarily in Beirut (
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origin. The Saint Maron Monastery was too close to Antioch to grant the monks their freedom and autonomy, which prompted
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is the second largest Christian denomination among the Lebanese people, representing 8% of the Lebanese population.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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are the largest Christian denomination among the Lebanese people, representing 21% of the Lebanese population.
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ancestry, whereas the majority of Lebanese Christians are direct descendants of the original early Christians.
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is the Maronite Patriarch of Antioch, who is elected by the bishops of the Maronite church and now resides in
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Before the Christian faith reached the territory of Lebanon, Jesus had traveled to its southern parts near
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4023:"Lebanon: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor – 2012 Report on International Religious Freedom"
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in Lebanon are run by both the Maronite and Orthodox churches. The Holy Monastery of Saint George in
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who resisted conversion, but it ultimately spread throughout the country. Even after centuries of
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the Druzes and the Christians in the Shuf Mountains in the past lived in complete harmony..
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The Armenians in Lebanon reside mostly in Beirut and its northern suburbs, as well as in
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is the third-largest Christian denomination, representing 5% of the Lebanese population.
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force. The existence of the Maronites was largely ignored by the western world until the
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were immigrants or refugees who had fled their native lands in Egypt, Libya and Sudan.
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form the fourth-largest Christian group, representing 1% of the Lebanese population.
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The earliest indisputable tradition of Christianity in Lebanon can be traced back to
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Distribution of Lebanon's religious groups according to 2009 municipal election data.
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The Druze Community and the Lebanese State: Between Confrontation and Reconciliation
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the Maronites and the Druze, who founded Lebanon in the early eighteenth century.
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Mixed Ministry: Working Together as Brothers and Sisters in an Oversexed Society
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in 1920 after the instigation of ambitious Maronite leaders headed by patriarch
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in the nineteenth century, through a governing and social system known as the "
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LEBANON Religious affiliation to disappear from Lebanese documents – Asia News
1822:. Paul also preached in Lebanon, having lingered with the early Christians in
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3792:"Why is Lebanon's Central Bank Governor Riad Salameh under investigation?"
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the second largest Christian denomination within Christianity in Lebanon
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made it possible in 2009 to have religious affiliation removed from the
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According to a 2015 study, an estimated 2,500 Lebanese Christians have
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Lebanon – July–December , 2010 International Religious Freedom Report
3243:
Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah: The Unholy Alliance and Its War on Lebanon
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mostly descend from refugees who had fled Turkey during and after the
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Portrait of Saint Charbel Makhlouf who was a Maronite monk and priest.
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where the scripture tells that he cured a possessed Canaanite child.
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A map of religious and ethnic communities of Syria and Lebanon (1935)
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between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, the
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The Foreign Policies of Arab States: The Challenge of Globalization
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An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860
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also forms a large portion of the Christian population in Lebanon.
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and reaffirmed its relationship with it. Moreover, Rome dispatched
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is as old as Christian faith itself. Christianity spread slowly in
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Christian faith itself. Early reports relate the possibility that
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are also refugees who had fled southeastern Turkey (present day
2954:
are also refugees who had fled southeastern Turkey (present day
2889:
are also refugees who had fled southeastern Turkey (present day
2494:, which is actually a group of autocephalous churches using the
2394:
2028:
forms the second-largest proportion of Lebanese Christians. The
222:
3271:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census"
3017:
2971:
2967:
2955:
2890:
2838:
in southeastern Turkey during and after World War I due to the
2527:
2322:
1944:
1937:
1899:
1744:
5610:, comprising 18 recognized religious sects recognized by the
3953:"Gale Encyclopedia of the Mideast & N. Africa: Levantine"
3838:. Barcode Nation (25 February 2009). Retrieved on 2013-09-26.
3450:
the Druze had been able to live in harmony with the Christian
2979:
1913:
1847:
1827:
1747:
has the largest proportion of Christians in the Middle East,
1728:
1674:
3187:
to drive the demon out of her daughter. (Saint Mark 7:24–26)
4225:
Union of the Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East
3829:
Religious Affiliation Can Be Removed From Lebanese ID Cards
3048:
1940:
1843:
76:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
3595:. Cairo: American university in Cairo press. p. 515.
2418:
3675:
2171:
2001:
Christians constituted 33.7% of Lebanon's population.
5606:
has the most religious diversity of all peoples in the
3997:"Meeting of the Syriac Orthodox Archbishops of Lebanon"
3877:"International Religious Freedom Report 2010 – Lebanon"
3703:"Maronite Patriarchs – Maronites – Eparchy of St Maron"
2066:, Christians hold 64 seats in tandem with 64 seats for
1751:
has the second highest proportion of Christians in the
3567:
The Lebanese war: its origins and political dimensions
2101:
3590:
3512:. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. p. 53.
3300:
Edwards, Sue; Kelly Mathews; Henry J. Rojers (2008).
2705:) and two patriarchs (Constantinople and Jerusalem).
2380:
Non-religion is not recognized by the state. But the
2282:
is the biggest Christian political party in Lebanon.
3269:
Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015).
3096:
1951:, who presided over delegations to France following
1717:region and has substantial communities elsewhere.
218:
3900:
U.S. Department of State. Retrieved on 1 June 2012.
2530:
and other cities. Many are found in the Southeast (
2206:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2164:is a very prominent Orthodox monastery that has a
5480:Ethnic minorities, refugees and foreign nationals
4322:Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East
3911:A Dictionary of European Baptist Life and Thought
3275:Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion
2518:) of the original five major episcopal sees (the
1963:, an unwritten gentleman's agreement between the
1713:, Christianity remains the dominant faith of the
5629:
3020:region) during and after World War I due to the
2958:region) during and after World War I due to the
2893:region) during and after World War I due to the
4304:National Evangelical Synod of Syria and Lebanon
3767:. American University of Beirut. Archived from
3765:"The Lebanese Civil War and the Taif Agreement"
3268:
2792:in Lebanon consists mainly of a small group of
2646:Christian denominations among ethnic minorities
3913:, Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2009, p. 297
2807:
322:4-5 million Lebanese citizens (2022 estimate)
243:accompanying your translation by providing an
209:Click for important translation instructions.
196:expand this article with text translated from
5257:
4781:
4374:
4056:
3139:Lebanese people (Eastern Orthodox Christians)
2468:Lebanese people (Eastern Orthodox Christians)
2395:Christian denominations among Lebanese people
2285:Under the terms of an agreement known as the
1538:
4299:National Evangelical Church Union of Lebanon
2650:
5376:
5371:
5299:
4070:
3927:"The Many Armenian Diasporas, Then and Now"
3525:
3391:. University of Lausanne. pp. 535/749.
2985:
2719:
2482:St. George Greek Orthodox Cathedral, Beirut
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5264:
5250:
4788:
4774:
4381:
4367:
4063:
4049:
3762:
3609:
3466:. Bar-Ilan University Press. p. 166.
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
2642:was founded in 1955 by various churches.
1545:
1531:
4187:Armenian Catholic Patriarchate of Cilicia
3489:
3054:
2927:
2858:
2266:Learn how and when to remove this message
285:Learn how and when to remove this message
167:Learn how and when to remove this message
105:Learn how and when to remove this message
4388:
3975:"About the Journal of Levantine Studies"
3850:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3591:Korany, Bahgat; Ali E. Dessouki (2008).
3494:. Montserrat Abbey Library. p. 25.
2757:
2477:
2417:
2152:and Saint John the Baptist Monastery in
2105:
1870:'s persecution, finally settling in the
1781:
1773:
130:This article includes a list of general
4340:Lebanese Baptist Evangelical Convention
4025:. U.S. Department of State. 20 May 2013
4001:Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch
3879:. US State Department. 17 November 2010
3869:
3819:. AsiaNews.it. Retrieved on 2013-09-26.
3750:"What will the LF do with its victory?"
3211:
3149:Lebanese people (Protestant Christians)
2730:Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Beirut
2640:Lebanese Baptist Evangelical Convention
2610:Lebanese people (Protestant Christians)
2156:both date back to the 5th century. The
1562:Sects of Christianity in Lebanon (2012)
5630:
4015:
3921:
3919:
3856:"Lebanon's Geography: Christian Sects"
3519:
3433:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3324:
3230:. CIA The World Factbook. 16 May 2023.
3041:Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Babylon
2172:Current political and religious issues
5245:
4889:Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon
4862:Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon
4769:
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3134:Lebanese people (Maronite Christians)
2924:in his actual seat, Beirut, Lebanon.
2661:Armenian Apostolic Diocese of Lebanon
2414:Lebanese people (Maronite Christians)
2168:and a university associated with it.
1689:, leading to the dawn of the ancient
4795:
3789:
3756:
3584:
3363:. Kraus International Publications.
3304:. Kregel Publications. p. 261.
3240:
3144:Lebanese people (Melkite Christians)
3086:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
3061:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
3039:and is immediately dependent on the
2564:Lebanese people (Melkite Christians)
2473:Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christianity
2399:
2204:adding citations to reliable sources
2175:
178:
116:
58:
17:
3916:
3395:
3293:
3029:Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Beirut
2996:Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Beirut
2549:
2354:), and bolstering the roles of the
2102:Churches and monasteries in Lebanon
1673:has a long and continuous history.
255:{{Translated|ar|المسيحية في لبنان}}
13:
3790:Rose, Sunniva (22 February 2022).
3690:
3413:. Gorgias Press LLC. p. 404.
3343:
3318:
1818:whom he affiliated to the ancient
370:
136:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
5649:
3383:
3377:
3361:A History of Eastern Christianity
3329:. Liturgical Press. p. 186.
2902:Syriac Catholic Eparchy of Beirut
2869:Syriac Catholic Eparchy of Beirut
2834:were refugees who had fled their
2746:there are some who belong to the
2453:
33:This article has multiple issues.
5273:
4749:
4740:
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4118:Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch
3815:Piero Gheddo (13 February 2009)
3113:
3099:
2595:
2488:Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch
2460:Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch
2350:role (which is allocated to the
2180:
1514:
1333:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
446:Democratic Republic of the Congo
339:Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch
305:
183:
121:
63:
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3154:Christianity in the Middle East
2569:Melkite Christianity in Lebanon
2191:needs additional citations for
1986:
41:or discuss these issues on the
4707:British Indian Ocean Territory
3534:University of California Press
3389:A Dictionary of the Holy Bible
3262:
3234:
3200:
3180:
2428:Maronite Christians of Lebanon
253:You may also add the template
1:
4202:Melkite Greek Catholic Church
3660:"Lebanon: people and society"
3637:"Lebanon: people and society"
3617:"CIA World Factbook, Lebanon"
3464:Confrontation and Coexistence
3327:Strategies for Preaching Paul
3228:"Middle East :: LEBANON"
3193:
3129:List of cathedrals in Lebanon
2556:Melkite Greek Catholic Church
1912:The relationship between the
1886:adopted the catechism of the
343:Melkite Greek Catholic Church
311:Shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon
3492:The Druzes and the Maronites
3084:According to tradition, the
2796:who are of at least partial
1930:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
7:
5348:Assyrian Church of the East
4867:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
4169:Assyrian Church of the East
3672:"The Maronite Patriarchate"
3510:Near East/South Asia Report
3359:Atiya, Aziz Suryal (1980).
3092:
2904:is the proper archeparchy (
2814:Assyrian Church of the East
2808:Assyrian Church of the East
2074:are allotted 34 seats, the
2053:Assyrian Church of the East
2037:six smaller Christian sects
1882:. In the 16th century, the
1741:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
1711:living under Muslim Empires
10:
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1920:has been characterized by
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1653:other Christian minorities
217:Machine translation, like
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4082:
3438:. Routledge. p. 32.
3325:Matera, Frank J. (2001).
3207:US State Dept 2022 report
2690:Armenian Apostolic Church
2657:Armenian Apostolic Church
2651:Armenian Apostolic Church
2215:"Christianity in Lebanon"
2096:Christian minority groups
2030:Armenian Apostolic Church
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1567:Christianity denomination
1566:
1561:
347:Armenian Apostolic Church
333:
328:
321:
316:
304:
198:the corresponding article
4857:Emirate of Mount Lebanon
4456:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4192:Chaldean Catholic Church
3570:. C. Hurst. p. 10.
3411:The Maronites in History
3174:
3037:Chaldean Catholic Church
3022:Assyrian/Syriac genocide
3014:Chaldean Catholic Church
2992:Chaldean Catholic Church
2986:Chaldean Catholic Church
2960:Assyrian/Syriac genocide
2895:Assyrian/Syriac genocide
2776:French people in Lebanon
2748:Armenian Catholic Church
2726:Armenian Catholic Church
2720:Armenian Catholic Church
2382:Minister of the Interior
2291:president of the country
1810:himself was the one who
431:Central African Republic
324:1.2–2 million in Lebanon
5638:Christianity in Lebanon
5618:Constitution of Lebanon
5616:Under the terms of the
5612:Constitution of Lebanon
4717:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3977:. levantine-journal.org
2772:Latin Church in Lebanon
2589:Melkite Greek Catholics
2492:Eastern Orthodox Church
2331:Free Patriotic Movement
2135:Bechara Boutros al-Rahi
2022:Melkite Catholic Church
1993:Demographics of Lebanon
1820:Patriarchate of Antioch
1691:Patriarchate of Antioch
1671:Christianity in Lebanon
1521:Christianity portal
364:Christianity by country
300:Christianity in Lebanon
264:For more guidance, see
151:more precise citations.
5070:International rankings
4911:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
4207:Syriac Catholic Church
4151:Syriac Orthodox Church
4146:Coptic Orthodox Church
3564:Vocke, Harald (1978).
3462:Artzi, Pinḥas (1984).
3434:Hazran, Yusri (2013).
3055:Coptic Orthodox Church
2952:Syriac Orthodox Church
2934:Syriac Orthodox Church
2928:Syriac Orthodox Church
2910:Syriac Catholic Church
2887:Syriac Catholic Church
2865:Syriac Catholic Church
2859:Syriac Catholic Church
2616:Protestants of Lebanon
2483:
2423:
2389:Lebanese identity card
2373:Although Lebanon is a
2339:Suleiman Frangieh, Jr.
2122:
2113:of Saidet et Tallé in
2039:are considered ethnic
1834:was still unyielding.
1787:
1779:
1737:Maronite-Druze dualism
1001:Bosnia and Herzegovina
375:
85:by rewriting it in an
5034:Speaker of Parliament
4390:Christianity in Asia
4264:Roman Catholic Church
3834:11 April 2013 at the
3409:Moosa, Matti (2005).
3241:Deeb, Marius (2013).
3159:Secularism in Lebanon
3031:is the sole eparchy (
2908:(archdiocese) of the
2790:Latin Catholic Church
2758:Latin Catholic Church
2703:Etchmiadzin Cathedral
2481:
2421:
2364:Speaker of Parliament
2307:Speaker of Parliament
2144:Church is in Bkerké.
2109:
2026:Greek Orthodox Church
1785:
1777:
1677:scriptures show that
1323:Saint Kitts and Nevis
591:São Tomé and Príncipe
451:Republic of the Congo
374:
266:Knowledge:Translation
237:copyright attribution
4631:United Arab Emirates
4239:Western Christianity
4093:Eastern Christianity
3650:. (August 2021 est.)
3526:Fawaz, L.T. (1994).
3073:Minorities (Lebanon)
3008:Minorities (Lebanon)
3004:Assyrians in Lebanon
2946:Minorities (Lebanon)
2942:Assyrians in Lebanon
2922:Patriarch of Antioch
2881:Minorities (Lebanon)
2877:Assyrians in Lebanon
2832:Assyrians in Lebanon
2826:Minorities (Lebanon)
2822:Assyrians in Lebanon
2784:Minorities (Lebanon)
2744:Armenians in Lebanon
2738:Armenians in Lebanon
2675:Armenians in Lebanon
2669:Armenians in Lebanon
2278:As of May 2022, the
2200:improve this article
2084:Armenians Apostolics
1802:is almost as old as
952:United Arab Emirates
5367:Armenian Apostolics
4658:limited recognition
3909:John H. Y. Briggs,
3164:Religion in Lebanon
3107:Christianity portal
3012:The members of the
2950:The members of the
2885:The members of the
2780:Italians in Lebanon
2064:Lebanese Parliament
1338:Trinidad and Tobago
1233:Antigua and Barbuda
352:Religion in Lebanon
301:
5329:Maronite Catholics
5319:Chaldean Catholics
5314:Armenian Catholics
5083:Telecommunications
3490:CHURCHILL (1862).
2484:
2424:
2158:Balamand Monastery
2123:
2088:Catholic Armenians
2057:Chaldean Catholics
1949:Elias Peter Hoayek
1866:to escape emperor
1864:Lebanese mountains
1788:
1780:
1623:Armenian Apostolic
1273:Dominican Republic
376:
299:
245:interlanguage link
87:encyclopedic style
74:is written like a
5625:
5624:
5475:
5474:
5450:
5449:
5399:
5398:
5362:Oriental Orthodox
5334:Melkite Catholics
5239:
5238:
5199:
5198:
5106:
5105:
5042:
5041:
5019:Political parties
4992:Foreign relations
4964:
4963:
4763:
4762:
4700:other territories
4356:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4233:
4232:
4128:Oriental Orthodox
4003:. 27 January 2018
3933:. 7 February 2012
3602:978-977-416-197-1
3420:978-1-59333-182-5
3370:978-0-527-03703-1
3336:978-0-8146-1966-7
3311:978-0-8254-2524-0
2840:Assyrian genocide
2752:Armenian genocide
2679:Armenian genocide
2602:Protestant Church
2576:Melkite Catholics
2400:Maronite Catholic
2276:
2275:
2268:
2250:
2142:Maronite Catholic
1981:Lebanese republic
1757:Lebanese diaspora
1666:
1665:
1578:Maronite Catholic
1555:
1554:
858:
466:Equatorial Guinea
358:
357:
295:
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287:
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210:
206:
177:
176:
169:
115:
114:
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56:
5645:
5452:
5451:
5401:
5400:
5339:Syriac Catholics
5297:
5296:
5278:
5277:
5266:
5259:
5252:
5243:
5242:
5219:
5212:
5117:
5116:
5078:
5053:
5052:
4975:
4974:
4951:Southern Lebanon
4904:
4903:
4884:Cedar Revolution
4790:
4783:
4776:
4767:
4766:
4753:
4743:
4742:
4712:Christmas Island
4398:Sovereign states
4383:
4376:
4369:
4360:
4359:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4257:
4244:
4243:
4111:
4102:Eastern Orthodox
4098:
4097:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4042:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:
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4019:
4013:
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3806:
3804:
3802:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3763:Krayem, Hassan.
3760:
3754:
3753:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3726:. Archived from
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3699:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3674:. Archived from
3668:
3662:
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3639:
3634:
3628:
3627:
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3623:
3613:
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3259:
3245:. Hoover Press.
3238:
3232:
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3224:
3209:
3204:
3188:
3184:
3169:Islam in Lebanon
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3079:Copts in Lebanon
3035:diocese) of the
3033:Eastern Catholic
2906:Eastern Catholic
2848:Mar Narsai D'Baz
2550:Melkite Catholic
2337:Party headed by
2271:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2208:
2184:
2176:
2140:The Seat of the
2125:The head of the
2076:Eastern Orthodox
2068:Lebanese Muslims
2049:Syriac Catholics
2010:Eastern Catholic
1969:Bshara el-Khoury
1860:Saint John Maron
1685:evangelized the
1608:Melkite Catholic
1559:
1558:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1519:
1518:
1403:Papua New Guinea
1378:Marshall Islands
1201:Northern Ireland
854:
360:
359:
317:Total population
309:
302:
298:
290:
283:
256:
250:
223:Google Translate
208:
204:
187:
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179:
172:
165:
161:
158:
152:
147:this article by
138:inline citations
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5604:Lebanese people
5596:
5471:
5446:
5428:Ismaili Shiites
5423:Alawite Shiites
5418:Shiite Twelvers
5395:
5377:Syriac Orthodox
5372:Coptic Orthodox
5324:Latin Catholics
5286:
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5222:
5215:
5208:
5195:
5171:Public holidays
5102:
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4893:
4827:Hellenistic era
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3836:Wayback Machine
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3771:on 9 April 2013
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3069:Coptic diaspora
3059:Main articles:
3057:
3010:
3000:Assyrian people
2990:Main articles:
2988:
2948:
2938:Assyrian people
2932:Main articles:
2930:
2918:Syriac language
2914:Antiochian Rite
2883:
2873:Assyrian people
2863:Main articles:
2861:
2852:Mar Meelis Zaia
2828:
2818:Assyrian people
2812:Main articles:
2810:
2794:Latin Catholics
2786:
2764:Catholic Church
2762:Main articles:
2760:
2740:
2724:Main articles:
2722:
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2655:Main articles:
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2606:Lebanese people
2600:Main articles:
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2560:Lebanese people
2554:Main articles:
2552:
2490:adheres to the
2470:
2464:Lebanese people
2458:Main articles:
2456:
2416:
2410:Lebanese people
2406:Maronite Church
2404:Main articles:
2402:
2397:
2375:secular country
2343:Lebanese Forces
2280:Lebanese Forces
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2185:
2174:
2127:Maronite Church
2111:Maronite Church
2104:
2094:one, and other
2045:Syriac Orthodox
2018:Catholic Church
2006:Maronite Church
1995:
1989:
1975:Prime Minister
1909:the Maronites.
1888:Catholic Church
1884:Maronite Church
1772:
1731:founded modern
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3752:. 18 May 2022.
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3730:on 12 May 2019
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3121:Lebanon portal
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3056:
3053:
2987:
2984:
2974:and is now at
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2516:Constantinople
2496:Byzantine rite
2455:
2454:Greek Orthodox
2452:
2401:
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2393:
2356:Prime Minister
2318:Taif Agreement
2299:Prime Minister
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2188:
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2100:
2014:full communion
1988:
1985:
1905:to Lebanon to
1872:Qadisha valley
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4941:Mount Lebanon
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4681:South Ossetia
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3955:. answers.com
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72:This article
70:
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46:
45:
40:
39:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
5557:Palestinians
5467:Baháʼí Faith
5301:Christianity
5300:
5280:Demographics
5146:Demographics
5124:Architecture
5065:Central Bank
4997:Human rights
4982:Constitution
4946:Shebaa farms
4936:Governorates
4916:Beqaa Valley
4842:Crusader era
4696:Dependencies
4626:Turkmenistan
4591:Saudi Arabia
4535:
4280:Main article
4254:Main article
4108:Main article
4085:Main article
4084:
4072:Christianity
4027:. Retrieved
4017:
4005:. Retrieved
4000:
3991:
3979:. Retrieved
3969:
3957:. Retrieved
3947:
3935:. Retrieved
3930:
3910:
3905:
3893:
3881:. Retrieved
3871:
3859:. Retrieved
3824:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3796:The National
3795:
3785:
3773:. Retrieved
3769:the original
3758:
3744:
3732:. Retrieved
3728:the original
3718:
3706:. Retrieved
3680:. Retrieved
3676:the original
3666:
3655:
3643:
3632:
3620:. Retrieved
3611:
3592:
3586:
3566:
3559:
3547:. Retrieved
3528:
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3509:
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3495:
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3449:
3435:
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3388:
3379:
3360:
3326:
3320:
3301:
3295:
3283:. Retrieved
3278:
3274:
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3256:
3242:
3236:
3202:
3182:
3083:
3076:
3026:
3011:
2964:
2949:
2899:
2884:
2844:
2836:native lands
2829:
2787:
2768:Latin Church
2741:
2707:
2695:Miaphysitism
2687:
2672:
2637:
2620:
2613:
2585:
2573:
2567:
2524:
2485:
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2448:
2444:
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2379:
2372:
2315:
2284:
2277:
2262:
2253:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2210:
2198:Please help
2193:verification
2190:
2150:Deir El Harf
2139:
2124:
2061:
2034:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1987:Demographics
1977:Riad as-Solh
1934:
1911:
1903:missionaries
1868:Justinian II
1836:
1796:Christianity
1789:
1761:
1719:
1695:Christianity
1670:
1669:
937:Saudi Arabia
916:
828:Turkmenistan
616:South Africa
606:Sierra Leone
411:Burkina Faso
296:
281:
241:edit summary
232:
205:(April 2023)
203:
195:
163:
154:
135:
101:
92:
73:
49:
42:
36:
35:Please help
32:
15:
5608:Middle East
5582:Sri Lankans
5386:Protestants
5060:Agriculture
4755:Asia portal
4656:States with
4576:Philippines
4516:South Korea
4511:North Korea
4406:Afghanistan
3931:GeoCurrents
3734:24 November
3708:10 November
3385:Brown, John
2683:World War I
2623:Protestants
2385:Ziad Baroud
2348:President's
2327:Michel Aoun
2256:August 2020
2146:Monasteries
2092:Protestants
2082:eight, the
1953:World War I
1926:coexistence
1839:Saint Maron
1816:Phoenicians
1812:evangelized
1808:Saint Peter
1764:Arab Muslim
1759:worldwide.
1753:Middle East
1693:. As such,
1687:Phoenicians
1638:Protestants
1393:New Zealand
1328:Saint Lucia
1278:El Salvador
1181:Switzerland
1116:Netherlands
856:Middle East
798:Philippines
746:South Korea
741:North Korea
676:Afghanistan
621:South Sudan
511:Ivory Coast
149:introducing
5552:Pakistanis
5497:Bulgarians
5186:Television
5077:(currency)
4987:Corruption
4847:Mamluk era
4636:Uzbekistan
4611:Tajikistan
4526:Kyrgyzstan
4506:Kazakhstan
4426:Bangladesh
4416:Azerbaijan
4274:Protestant
4217:Protestant
4029:6 December
3981:25 January
3959:25 January
3285:20 October
3194:References
2742:Among the
2699:catholicoi
2512:Alexandria
2362:) and the
2309:must be a
2305:, and the
2301:must be a
2293:must be a
2226:newspapers
2035:The other
2012:church in
1991:See also:
1967:President
1918:Christians
1898:and later
1892:Franciscan
1383:Micronesia
1258:Costa Rica
1151:San Marino
1111:Montenegro
1091:Luxembourg
872:Azerbaijan
833:Uzbekistan
818:Tajikistan
753:Kyrgyzstan
731:Kazakhstan
706:East Timor
681:Bangladesh
601:Seychelles
566:Mozambique
551:Mauritania
536:Madagascar
426:Cape Verde
157:April 2024
132:references
95:April 2024
38:improve it
5502:Canadians
5492:Assyrians
5487:Armenians
5309:Catholics
5161:Languages
5151:Education
5093:Transport
5024:President
4931:Districts
4899:Geography
4879:Civil War
4832:Roman era
4822:Phoenicia
4722:Hong Kong
4676:Palestine
4601:Sri Lanka
4596:Singapore
4476:Indonesia
4291:Calvinist
4161:Nestorian
3937:12 August
3883:7 October
3861:7 October
3775:7 October
3648:"Lebanon"
3622:7 October
2804:descent.
2734:Armenians
2701:(Sis and
2665:Armenians
2520:Pentarchy
2504:Jerusalem
2436:St. Maron
2352:Maronites
2335:El Marada
2072:Maronites
2041:Assyrians
2016:with the
1896:Dominican
1852:Maronites
1739:" in the
1725:Catholics
1503:Venezuela
1448:Argentina
1363:Australia
1313:Nicaragua
1288:Guatemala
1086:Lithuania
927:Palestine
808:Sri Lanka
803:Singapore
721:Indonesia
711:Hong Kong
556:Mauritius
329:Religions
259:talk page
200:in Arabic
44:talk page
5632:Category
5577:Russians
5532:Italians
5522:Iranians
5437:Sunnites
5292:Religion
5226:Category
5176:Religion
5014:Military
5002:Abortion
4970:Politics
4956:Wildlife
4837:Arab era
4801:articles
4745:Category
4666:Abkhazia
4616:Thailand
4571:Pakistan
4551:Mongolia
4546:Maldives
4541:Malaysia
4441:Cambodia
4314:Anglican
4248:Catholic
4179:Catholic
3832:Archived
3682:17 March
3549:16 April
3093:See also
2976:Damascus
2581:Holy See
2532:Nabatieh
2498:and are
2295:Maronite
2166:seminary
2080:Melkites
1965:Maronite
1957:Lebanism
1907:Latinise
1880:Crusades
1854:were of
1832:paganism
1743:. While
1727:and the
1722:Maronite
1675:Biblical
1493:Suriname
1483:Paraguay
1468:Colombia
1373:Kiribati
1298:Honduras
1268:Dominica
1243:Barbados
1206:Scotland
1166:Slovenia
1161:Slovakia
1136:Portugal
1006:Bulgaria
823:Thailand
793:Pakistan
778:Mongolia
773:Maldives
768:Malaysia
696:Cambodia
656:Zimbabwe
631:Tanzania
481:Ethiopia
476:Eswatini
456:Djibouti
421:Cameroon
406:Botswana
235:provide
5587:Syrians
5517:Indians
5413:Shiites
5391:Baptist
5284:Lebanon
5210:Outline
5134:Cuisine
5112:Culture
5088:Tourism
5048:Economy
4921:Borders
4817:Ancient
4809:History
4797:Lebanon
4641:Vietnam
4556:Myanmar
4536:Lebanon
4466:Georgia
4421:Bahrain
4411:Armenia
4332:Baptist
4140:Cilicia
4076:Lebanon
3045:Baghdad
2802:Italian
2681:during
2634:Baptist
2544:Tripoli
2542:, near
2508:Antioch
2325:party,
2303:Sunnite
2240:scholar
2162:Tripoli
2119:Lebanon
2098:, one.
2062:In the
1922:harmony
1856:Eastern
1804:gentile
1800:Lebanon
1770:History
1749:Lebanon
1733:Lebanon
1705:due to
1703:Lebanon
1699:Lebanon
1658:
1643:
1628:
1613:
1598:
1583:
1572:percent
1498:Uruguay
1473:Ecuador
1453:Bolivia
1428:Vanuatu
1356:Oceania
1303:Jamaica
1283:Grenada
1238:Bahamas
1196:England
1186:Ukraine
1141:Romania
1101:Moldova
1061:Ireland
1056:Iceland
1051:Hungary
1041:Germany
1031:Finland
1026:Estonia
1021:Denmark
1016:Czechia
1011:Croatia
996:Belgium
991:Belarus
986:Austria
981:Andorra
976:Albania
917:Lebanon
887:Georgia
877:Bahrain
867:Armenia
838:Vietnam
783:Myanmar
641:Tunisia
611:Somalia
596:Senegal
581:Nigeria
571:Namibia
561:Morocco
526:Liberia
521:Lesotho
471:Eritrea
441:Comoros
416:Burundi
391:Algeria
257:to the
239:in the
202:.
145:improve
81:Please
5573:groups
5567:Romani
5547:Malays
5527:Iraqis
5512:Greeks
5507:French
5231:Portal
5181:Sports
5129:Cinema
5075:Pound
4926:Cities
4799:
4686:Taiwan
4621:Turkey
4586:Russia
4521:Kuwait
4501:Jordan
4491:Israel
4451:Cyprus
4436:Brunei
4431:Bhutan
4007:15 May
3801:6 June
3599:
3574:
3540:
3470:
3442:
3417:
3367:
3333:
3308:
3249:
3071:, and
3018:Mardin
3006:, and
2972:Turkey
2968:Mardin
2956:Mardin
2944:, and
2891:Mardin
2879:, and
2824:, and
2798:French
2782:, and
2736:, and
2667:, and
2608:, and
2562:, and
2538:) and
2528:Beirut
2514:, and
2466:, and
2412:, and
2341:, the
2333:, the
2323:Kataeb
2311:Shiite
2297:, the
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2131:Bkerké
2086:five,
2070:. The
2024:. The
1945:France
1938:Muslim
1900:Jesuit
1876:feudal
1745:Cyprus
1707:pagans
1478:Guyana
1458:Brazil
1423:Tuvalu
1318:Panama
1308:Mexico
1253:Canada
1248:Belize
1176:Sweden
1156:Serbia
1146:Russia
1131:Poland
1126:Norway
1106:Monaco
1076:Latvia
1071:Kosovo
1046:Greece
1036:France
969:Europe
947:Turkey
912:Kuwait
907:Jordan
902:Israel
882:Cyprus
813:Taiwan
691:Brunei
686:Bhutan
651:Zambia
646:Uganda
586:Rwanda
541:Malawi
501:Guinea
491:Gambia
396:Angola
384:Africa
134:, but
5592:Turks
5562:Poles
5542:Kurds
5455:Other
5442:Druze
5405:Islam
5217:Index
5191:Women
5166:Music
4727:Macau
4646:Yemen
4606:Syria
4581:Qatar
4561:Nepal
4496:Japan
4471:India
4461:Egypt
4446:China
3175:Notes
2980:Syria
2710:Anjar
2621:Most
2540:North
2536:Beqaa
2360:Sunni
2247:JSTOR
2233:books
2154:Douma
2090:one,
2008:, an
1973:Sunni
1914:Druze
1848:Syria
1828:Sidon
1729:Druze
1679:Peter
1617:12.5%
1587:52.5%
1463:Chile
1418:Tonga
1408:Samoa
1398:Palau
1388:Nauru
1293:Haiti
1211:Wales
1171:Spain
1096:Malta
1066:Italy
957:Yemen
942:Syria
932:Qatar
788:Nepal
763:Macau
736:Korea
726:Japan
716:India
701:China
626:Sudan
576:Niger
531:Libya
516:Kenya
496:Ghana
486:Gabon
461:Egypt
401:Benin
350:(See
219:DeepL
5602:The
5537:Jews
5462:Jews
5156:Flag
5139:wine
5007:LGBT
4566:Oman
4531:Laos
4486:Iraq
4481:Iran
4031:2015
4009:2019
3983:2012
3961:2012
3939:2020
3885:2014
3863:2014
3803:2023
3777:2014
3736:2017
3710:2022
3684:2016
3624:2014
3597:ISBN
3572:ISBN
3551:2015
3538:ISBN
3468:ISBN
3440:ISBN
3415:ISBN
3365:ISBN
3331:ISBN
3306:ISBN
3287:2015
3281:: 16
3247:ISBN
3077:The
3049:Iraq
3027:The
2912:'s (
2900:The
2830:The
2788:The
2688:The
2673:The
2638:The
2614:The
2574:The
2486:The
2426:The
2368:Shia
2316:The
2219:news
2078:14,
2055:and
2004:The
1971:and
1941:Arab
1916:and
1844:Homs
1826:and
1824:Tyre
1814:the
1792:Tyre
1720:The
1683:Paul
1681:and
1662:2.5%
1647:2.5%
1488:Peru
1368:Fiji
1263:Cuba
922:Oman
897:Iraq
892:Iran
758:Laos
669:Asia
636:Togo
546:Mali
436:Chad
233:must
231:You
5571:Dom
5282:of
4698:and
4074:in
3043:in
2970:in
2916:in
2800:or
2693:of
2630:).
2526:of
2358:(a
2329:'s
2202:by
2160:in
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1798:in
1697:in
1632:10%
1602:20%
221:or
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