Paul Keres - Knowledge

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Soviet chess officials had given Keres "strong hints" that he should not hinder Botvinnik's attempt to win the World Championship, and that Botvinnik only discovered this about halfway through the tournament and reportedly protested so strongly that he angered Soviet officials; and that Keres, in Kingston's assessment, probably did not deliberately lose games to Botvinnik or anyone else in the tournament.

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Smyslov to win Zurich 1953, and pressured several of the other top Soviets to arrange this outcome, which did in fact occur. Bronstein wrote that Keres was ordered to draw his second cycle game with Smyslov, to conserve Smyslov's fading physical strength; Keres, who still had his own hopes of winning the event, tried as White to win an attacking game, but instead lost because of Smyslov's excellent play.

262: 923:, URS-ch15, with 14/19 (+10−1=8); the field included every top Soviet player except Botvinnik. In 1950, he won at Moscow, URS-ch18, with 11½/17 (+8−2=7) against a field which was only slightly weaker than in 1947. Then in 1951, he triumphed again at Moscow, URS-ch19, with 12/17 (+9−2=6), against a super-class field which included 710:) in 1941–1944, Keres was able to travel across the European continent and participate in a number of international tournaments, held both in neutral countries (1944 Madrid, Lidköping, Stockholm) and in countries under Nazi German control (1942 Tallinn, Salzburg, Munich; 1943 Prague, Posen, Salzburg, Tallinn). 998:

for the USSR in 1952, when the Soviets entered the event for the first time; Keres was the only Soviet team member with Olympiad experience (from his previous appearances for Estonia), and world champion Mikhail Botvinnik was not on the Soviet team. His four straight board gold medals from 1954–1960

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organized the "Absolute Championship of the USSR" in 1941, with the top six finishers from the 1940 championship meeting each other four times; it was split between Leningrad and Moscow. Botvinnik won the event, one of the strongest ever organized, with 13½/20, and Keres placed second with 11, ahead

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Keres struggled at Leningrad–Moscow 1939 with a shared 12–13th place; he wrote that he had not had enough time to prepare for this very strong event, where he faced many Soviet top players for the first time. But he recovered with more preparation time, and won Margate 1939 with 7½/9 (+6−0=3), ahead

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Before the Soviet Union reoccupied Estonia, in the autumn of 1944 Keres made an unsuccessful attempt to escape from the country over the sea to the west. A 1942 newspaper interview with Keres was later used by the Nazis for anti-Soviet propaganda. As a consequence, he was suspected of collaboration

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said that Keres failed to become world champion because he lacked a killer instinct and "was too mild a person to give his all in order to defeat his opponents. He took everything, including his chess, philosophically. Keres is one of the nicest people that I have ever had the pleasure of meeting.

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Since Keres lost his first four games against Botvinnik in the 1948 tournament, suspicions have sometimes been raised that Keres was forced to "throw" games to allow Botvinnik to win the championship. Chess historian Taylor Kingston investigated the available evidence and arguments, concluded that

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conspiracy by Petrosian, Geller and Keres, and this worked out to Keres' disadvantage, since he may have been slightly stronger than both Petrosian and Geller at this stage. Bronstein, in his final book, published just after his death in late 2006, wrote that the Soviet chess leadership favoured

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Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Red Army in June 1940, and formally annexed by the USSR in August 1940. Keres played in his first Soviet Championship at Moscow 1940 (URS-ch12), placing fourth (+9−4=6) in an exceptionally strong field, placing him ahead of the defending champion

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said that: Stalin would not have given orders that Keres should lose to Botvinnik; Smyslov would probably have been the candidate most preferred by officials; Keres was under severe psychological stress as a result of the multiple invasions of his home country, Estonia, and of his subsequent

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Keres' run of four successive second places in Candidates' tournaments (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962) has prompted suspicions that he was under orders not to win these events. Taylor Kingston concludes that: there was probably no pressure from Soviet officials, since from 1954 onwards, Keres was

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system places Keres in the top 10 players in the world between approximately 1936 and 1965, and overall he had one of the highest winning percentages of all grandmasters in history. He has the seventh highest Chessmetrics 20-year average, from 1944 to 1963, behind five World Champions and

1643:. All three books are still considered among the best of their kind for aspiring masters and experts. He also wrote several tournament books, including an account of the 1948 World Championship Match Tournament. He authored several openings treatises, often in German: 823:

Keres finished second or equal second in four straight Candidates' tournaments (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962), making him the player with the most runner-up finishes in that event. (He was therefore occasionally nicknamed "Paul II".) Keres participated in a total of six

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in the Netherlands, held from December 1939 – January 1940. Keres won a hard-fought struggle by 7½–6½ (+6−5=3). This was a superb achievement, because not only was Euwe a former World Champion, but he had enormous experience at match play, far more than Keres.

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He continued to represent Estonia with success in Olympiad play. His detailed results for Estonia follow. Of note was the team bronze medal attained by Estonia in 1939; this was exceptional for a country with a population of less than two million people.

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is an Olympiad record. Although not selected after 1964, Keres served successfully as a team trainer with Soviet international teams for the next decade. Altogether, in 11 Olympiads, playing for both the USSR and Estonia (counting the unofficial

545:, Reshevsky, Alekhine, Capablanca and Flohr. AVRO was one of the strongest tournaments in history; some chess historians believe it the strongest ever staged. Keres won on tiebreak because he beat Fine 1½–½ in their individual two games. 1065:

Keres also appeared three times for the Soviet Union in the European Team Championships, winning team and individual gold medals on all three occasions. He scored 14/18 (+10−0=8), for 77.8%. His detailed Euroteams results are:

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Keres also represented the USSR in many international team matches, in Europe and the Americas, with great success. He represented Estonia on top board with distinction in Soviet team championships, contested between regions.

1699:(1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 d6 8.c3 0-0 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Nd7) was introduced by Keres at the 1962 Candidates' tournament, and was popular for several years. He also popularized the 456:. Keres, in his autobiographical games collection, refers to this major event as a 'Candidates' Tournament', and claimed that he was recognized as a Grandmaster after winning it, although its parallel connection with later 816:. Keres finished joint third, with 10½ out of 20 points. In his individual match with the winner, Botvinnik, he lost four of five games, winning only in the last round when the tournament's result was already determined. 1733:

With his friendly and sincere smile, he makes friends easily. He is goodnatured and kind. Yes, he loves chess, but being a human being is his first consideration. In addition to chess, Keres was interested in

285:(afterwards a prominent physicist, who later told friendly jokes to his students: "I am not Paul's brother; Paul is my brother"). With the scarcity of chess literature in his home town, he learned about 595:

At the outbreak of WWII in 1939, Keres was in Buenos Aires, Argentina for the Olympiad. He stayed on to play in a Buenos Aires international tournament after the Olympiad, and tied for first place with

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After Nazi Germany had invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, Estonia came under German control a few weeks later. During 1942 and 1943, Keres and Alekhine both played in four tournaments organized by

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An annual international chess tournament has been held in Tallinn every other year since 1969. Keres won this tournament in 1971 and 1975. Starting in 1976 after Keres' death, it has been called the

869:, with 18½/28 (+15−6=7). He had positive or equal scores against all the competitors, including 3–1 against Tal, but this was not enough, since Tal scored 14½/16 against the bottom four finishers. 990:

Keres represented the Soviet Union in seven consecutive Olympiads, winning seven consecutive team gold medals, five board gold medals, and one bronze board medal. Of note was his appearance on

978:, and Petrosian. The Budapest victory, which capped a stretch of four first-class wins over a two-year span, may represent the peak of his career. The Hungarian master and writer 305:

extensively while in high school. He probably played about 500 correspondence games, and at one stage had 150 correspondence games going simultaneously. In 1935, he won the

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in 1940–41, brought negotiations with Alekhine to an end. Keres had begun his university studies in 1937, and this also played a role in the failure to set up a match.

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after the publication of further evidence which he summarizes in his third article. In a subsequent two-part interview with Kingston, Soviet grandmaster and official

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Keres returned to international play in 1946 in the Soviet radio match against Great Britain, and continued his excellent playing form that year and the next year.

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in 1944. The country remained under Soviet control for the rest of Keres' life. The 1944 Soviet reconquest of Estonia was a particularly dangerous time for Keres.

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in the daily newspaper, and compiled a handwritten collection of almost 1000 games. In his early days, he was known for a brilliant and sharp attacking style.

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During World War II, Keres played in several more chess tournaments. He won all 15 games at Tallinn 1942 (Estonian championship), and swept all five games at

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1935, and was regarded as the new star, admired for his dashing style. His success there gave him the confidence to venture onto the international circuit.

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Keres' health declined the next year, and he did not play any major events in 1974. His last major tournament win was Tallinn 1975, ahead of Spassky and

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won. That same year, he made his last Soviet Championship appearance, at Moscow for URS-ch41, scoring 8/17 for a shared 9–12th place, as Spassky won.

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with 4½/6 (+4−1=1); the tournament saw all games commence with the moves 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 Ne4, known as the Döry Defence. He tied for 4–5th places at

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He was one of few players to have plus records against Capablanca, Euwe and Tal, and he also had equal records against Smyslov, Petrosian and

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with 6½/8 (+6−1=1). He won in Tallinn 1936 with 9/10 (+8−0=2). Keres' first major international success against top-level competition came at

674:(International Tournament) in April 1943, always ahead of Keres, who placed second in all three of those tournaments. They tied for first at 577: 242:

on four consecutive occasions in 1953–1962. Due to these and other strong results, many chess historians consider Keres one of the greatest "

1477: 1427:, Tallinn. A bronze statue of Keres was unveiled on his 100th birthday in his hometown Narva on 7 January 2016. There is also a street in 4839: 253:

Widely considered an Estonian national hero, he was nicknamed "Paul the Second", "The Eternal Second", and "The Crown Prince of Chess".

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Heuer, Valter, “The Troubled Years of Paul Keres, the Great Silent One”, New In Chess #4, 1995, Amsterdam, Holland; Jan Timman, editor.

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by 6–2 (+4−0=4). He tied 2nd–3rd in the USSR Championship, Moscow 1957 (URS-ch24) with 13½/21 (+8−2=11), along with Bronstein, behind

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event), and in 161 games, Keres accumulated a brilliant total of (+97−13=51), for 76.1%. His detailed 1952–1964 Olympiad results are:

460:-organized Candidates' tournaments (from 1950 onwards) is not exact, and the Grandmaster title was not formalized by FIDE until 1950. 5198: 171: 2033:, Richter–Rauzer Attack (B63), 1–0. Keres had a minus score against Botvinnik, but here he defeats the world champion in convincing 4827: 3407: 1684: 788:, arranged to determine the world champion after Alekhine's death in 1946, his performance was far from his best. Held jointly in 4329:

is an informal term to refer to the world's elite players — usually players who are serious contenders for the World Championship

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1952 with 12½/17 (+10−2=5), the latter ahead of world champion Botvinnik and an all-star field which included Geller, Smyslov,

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with the Nazis and questioned by the Soviet authorities. Keres managed to avoid deportation or any worse fate (e.g., that of

464: 1396:, Canada). His death occurred while returning to Estonia from a tournament in Vancouver, which he had won. He was buried at 386:

1936 with a shared 3rd–4th place (+5−3=3). He then defended his Estonian title in 1936 by drawing a challenge match against

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1936, placing only 8–9th with (+2−4=3), but wrote that he learned an important lesson from this setback. Keres recovered at

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Paul Keres, Grandmaster of Chess: The Complete Games of Paul Keres, ed. and trans. by Harry Golombek, Arco, New York, 1977.

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He won the Estonian Championship at Tallinn 1945 with 13/15 (+11−0=4), ahead of several strong visiting Soviets, including

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1943. He also won the Estonian title event held at Tallinn 1943, and Madrid 1944 (13/14, +12−0=2). He was second, behind

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But his return to the international chess scene was delayed, in spite of his excellent form; he won at Riga 1944/45 (

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Keres was a three-time schoolboy champion of the country, in 1930, 1932, and 1933. His playing matured after playing

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writer. He was among the world's top players from the mid-1930s to the mid-1960s, and narrowly missed a chance at a

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Keres won top-class tournaments from the mid-1930s into the mid-1970s, a span of 40 years, and won major events in

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Keres made many important contributions to opening theory. Perhaps best-known is the Keres Attack against the

5268: 5263: 2810: 1000: 884: 785: 493: 1550:. In his long career, he played 10 world champions. He won at least one game against all from Capablanca to 5243: 1992: 1947: 274: 5233: 4085: 2754: 2684: 2566: 556:, but the outbreak of the Second World War, especially because of the first occupation of Estonia by the 325: 238:, but the match never took place due to the outbreak of World War II in 1939. Keres was runner-up in the 4352:"Leonard Barden on chess: Pride of Estonia: Paul Keres, one of the best to never hold chess world crown" 1969:(C09), 1–0. Almost unpredictable jumps of the white knight slowly destroy Black's position. A beautiful 309:(IFSB) international correspondence chess championship. From 1937 to 1941 he studied mathematics at the 90: 5134: 2718: 2030: 1518: 706: 694: 526: 231: 915:

In several other post-war events, however, Keres dominated the field. He won the exceptionally strong

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Keres had a series of successes in 1937. He won in Tallinn with 7½/9 (+6−0=3), then shared 1st–2nd at

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at Salzburg 1943, and remains an important line. An original system on the Black side of the Closed

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treatment by Soviet officials up to late 1946; and Keres was less tough mentally than his rivals –

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He wrote chess books that included a well-regarded, deeply annotated collection of his best games,

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rehabilitated and Botvinnik was no longer in favour with officials. At Curaçao 1962, there was an

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in the tournament, then defeated him (+2−1=0) in the playoff match. In April 1935, Keres defeated

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Paul Keres Best Games, Volume II: Semi-Open Games, by Egon Varnusz, London 1994, Cadogan Chess,

1950:. Here Keres outplayed Alekhine already in the first 15 moves. The game is crowned by two small 5248: 3649: 3473: 1392:, Finland, at the age of 59 (it is often erroneously reported that he died on the same date in 1220: 813: 50: 5031: 5025: 3296: 3104: 2999: 2859: 1971: 1943: 1882: 1385: 1370: 1113:

1954–55 with Smyslov on 7/9 (+6−1=2). He dominated an internal Soviet training tournament at

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Peeter Järvelaid. Paul Keres ja Boris Meissner. – Pärnu Postimees, 8. jaanuar 2011, lk. 11.

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Paul Keres: der Komponist = the Composer, by Alexander Hildebrand, F. Chlubna, Vienna, 1999.

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Keres continued to play exceptionally well on the international circuit. He tied 1st–2nd at

723:); however, he may have been held in detention; precise details are difficult to ascertain. 5188: 5183: 4742: 302: 1662:. He contributed to the first volume, 'C', of the first edition of the Yugoslav-published 1587: 1442:) Estonian banknote bore his portrait. Kroons have been replaced by the euro since 2011. 1161: 8: 4326: 3510: 3426: 3330: 3222: 3121: 3018: 2974: 1951: 1575: 1563: 1043: 1037: 1031: 1025: 1019: 1013: 1007: 310: 243: 163: 5120: 3962: 1050: 971: 476: 4988: 4968: 4948: 4928: 4908: 4888: 4133: 3949: 2666: 2628: 2609: 2586: 2475: 2344: 2327: 2312: 2170: 2152: 2099: 1935: 1376: 553: 505: 499: 487: 441: 387: 375: 321: 235: 1999: 1757: 5094: 5083: 5035: 4139: 4001: 3936: 3923: 3653: 2944: 2867: 2818: 2548: 2418: 2293: 2053: 2022: 1914: 1889: 1866: 1847: 1828: 1809: 1784: 1777: 1651: 1636: 1625: 1609: 1591: 1129: 840: 793: 754: 720: 631: 618: 538: 426: 333: 329: 200: 195: 4721: 2882: 2647: 1566:). Other notable grandmasters against whom he had plus records include Fine, Flohr, 963: 758: 5021: 4871: 4207: 3824: 3770: 3496: 3454: 3411: 3250: 2526: 2522: 2375: 2285: 2026: 2003: 1729: 1688: 1358: 1287: 1228: 1209: 1102:

1947 tournament, Keres made some significant contributions as a chess organizer in

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It was expected that the winner of this tournament would be the challenger for the

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1969, he shared 3rd–4th places on 10½/15, as Geller and Botvinnik won. He won

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1938 (behind Eliskases) with 6½/9 (+4−0=5). Keres drew an exhibition match at

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Keres achieved a very good result at the age of 17 in a Master tournament in

4949:"Paul Keres vs. Jaroslav Sajtar, Amsterdam ol (Men) fin-A (1954), Amsterdam" 1016:, USSR board 4, 13½/14 (+13−0=1), team gold, board gold, best overall score; 5073: 4843: 4794: 4672: 4537:"GM Rogers: Paul Keres – the Real Coodabeen Champion | Gardiner Chess" 4356: 4304: 4287: 3572: 3487: 2492: 2471: 1583: 1535: 1407:

Over 100,000 were in attendance at Keres' funeral in Tallinn, Estonia; and

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and 30 studies, including a rook ending that won a first prize in 1947."

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had also been invited but declined.) The event was played as a quintuple

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Moderne Theorie der Schacheröffnungen Dreispringerspiel bis Königsgambit

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1933 with 5/7 (+5−2=0), tied 3rd–4th, half a point behind joint winners

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to claim first with 10/11 (+9−0=2). He then won a theme tournament in

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1961 event, Keres shared 3rd–5th places, on 12½/19 (+7−1=11), behind

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This successful string earned him an invitation to the tournament at

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have been held annually mainly in Vancouver and Tallinn ever since.

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by 6–4 (+2−4=4). This was the only match loss of Keres' long career.

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individual bronze (+6−0=7) on fourth board on gold medal USSR team

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individual gold (+13−0=1) on fourth board for gold medal USSR team

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The World Chess Federation named 2016 as "The Year of Paul Keres".

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1937–38 with 6½/9 (+4−0=5) (half a point behind Reshevsky), and at

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individual gold (+9−1=2) on fourth board for gold medal USSR team

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In 2000, Keres was elected the Estonian Sportsman of the Century.

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1961 (URS-ch29), Keres scored 11/20 for a shared 8–11th place, as

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1959 (URS-ch26) with 10½/19, as Petrosian won. Keres was third at

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1965, lost his quarter-final match to eventual Candidates' winner

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In 1938, he tied with Fine for first, with 8½/14, in the all-star

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individual gold (+8−0=5) on third board for gold medal USSR team

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individual gold (+7−0=5) on third board for gold medal USSR team

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individual gold (+7−0=5) on third board for gold medal USSR team

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and Reshevsky, two points behind Smyslov, with 16/28 (+8−4=16).

671: 663: 581: 418: 410: 402: 356: 4582:"The Keres–Botvinnik Case: A Survey of the Evidence – Part II" 4476: 2010:(B94), 1–0. A typical Sicilian sacrifice on e6 leads to swift 1449:. There are also the annual Keres Memorial tournament held in 603:

His next event was a 14-game match with former World Champion

4574:"The Keres–Botvinnik Case: A Survey of the Evidence – Part I" 792:

and Moscow, the tournament was limited to five participants:

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by Nazi Germany, which in turn lasted until the Soviet Union

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and a number of chess clubs and festivals named after him.

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1971 with 9/13, as Smyslov won. He shared 3rd–5th places at

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1968, he won with 12/15, two points ahead of World Champion

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which was won by Botvinnik, just ahead of Euwe and Smyslov.

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for the first time in 1935. He tied for first (+5−2=1) with

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Only official tournament or match games are accounted for.

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to beat nine undisputed world champions (the other two are

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Championship) with a near-perfect score of 18/19, ahead of

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1973, where he scored 8/17 for a shared 12–13th place, as

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on the tenth board gave victory to the Soviet team in the

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1956, 2nd, 1½ points behind Smyslov, with 10/18 (+3−1=14).

4697:

European Men's Team Chess Championship :: Paul Keres

678:(Six Grandmasters' Tournament) in June 1943, with 7½/10. 219:, Keres was forced by the circumstances to represent the 4053: 2484:+12−2=5 on first board for bronze medal winning Estonia 1085:

1970, USSR board 8, 5/5 (+5−0=0), team gold, board gold.

1079:

1961, USSR board 3, 6/8 (+4−0=4), team gold, board gold;

1073:

1957, USSR board 2, 3/5 (+1−0=4), team gold, board gold;

1040:, USSR board 4, 9½/13 (+6−0=7), team gold, board bronze; 713: 250:, the strongest player never to become world champion. 4629: 1034:, USSR board 3, 10½/13 (+8−0=5), team gold, board gold; 508:, Estonia board 1, 14½/19 (+12−2=5), team bronze medal. 5065:

Grandmaster of Chess: The Complete Games of Paul Keres

5027:

The Best of Chess Life and Review, Volume 2, 1960–1980

4709:

Grandmaster of Chess: The Complete Games of Paul Keres

4564: 4489:

Grandmaster of Chess: The Complete Games of Paul Keres

4417:

Grandmaster of Chess: The Complete Games of Paul Keres

3509: 3425: 3329: 3221: 3120: 3017: 2973: 2474: 2336:

individual silver (+9−2=4) on first board for Estonia

2326: 2098: 1349:

At Tallinn 1973, he shared 3rd–6th places on 9/15, as

1046:, USSR board 4, 10/12 (+9−1=2), team gold, board gold. 1028:, USSR board 3, 9½/12 (+7−0=5), team gold, board gold; 1022:, USSR board 3, 9½/12 (+7−0=5), team gold, board gold; 584:

Soviet Union in June 1940. This lasted until the 1941

502:, Estonia board 1, 11/15 (+9−2=4), board silver medal; 448:

1937, which he won with 9/14 (+6−2=6), ahead of Fine,

340:'s leading masters, in a training match, by (+3−1=0). 1672:), which appeared in 1974. Keres also co-founded the 704:

As resident of German-occupied Estonia (then part of

1884:

Grandmaster of Chess: The Middle Years of Paul Keres

1380:

Paul Keres' tomb at Tallinn's Metsakalmistu cemetery

1106:; this is an often overlooked aspect of his career. 611: 5224:

Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour

5161:

2016 - Year of Paul Keres 2016 - Year of Paul Keres

4889:"Paul Keres vs. Alexander Alekhine, Margate (1937)" 4617:"Yuri Averbakh: An Interview with History – Part 2" 4606:"Yuri Averbakh: An Interview with History – Part 1" 1554:(his two games with Karpov were drawn), making him 1326:1971, on 9½/13, as Stein won. He shared 2nd–4th at 1251:1965 (URS-ch33), he scored 11/19 for 6th place, as 576:, the previously independent nation of Estonia was 313:, and competed in several interuniversity matches. 1881: 1776: 1756: 1219:Further tournament championships followed. He won 512: 401:at 7½/9 (+6−0=3), 1½ points ahead of Alekhine. In 5175: 662:(Six Grandmasters' Tournament) in June 1942, at 199:; 7 January 1916 – 5 June 1975) was an Estonian 4472: 4470: 2983:+3−2=7 on first board for gold medal USSR team 1911:The Later Years of Paul Keres Chess Grandmaster 1863:The Early Games of Paul Keres Chess Grandmaster 985: 5078:Paul Keres' Best Games, Volume 1: Closed Games 4856:Paul Keres' Best Games, Volume 1: Closed Games 4791:Paul Keres' Best Games, Volume I: Closed Games 4669:Paul Keres' Best Games, Volume I: Closed Games 4559:Paul Keres' Best Games Volume 1 – Closed Games 4505:http://www.olimpbase.org/players/cq6agwkb.html 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4349: 2060: 1415:, his old friend and rival, was also present. 1334:1972 on 9½/15, as Szabo won. He placed 5th at 1239:1964–65 with 8/9. He shared 1st–2nd places at 1188:1961 (9/11, ahead of Petrosian). At the elite 1117:1955 with 9½/10. Keres placed 2nd at the 1955 910: 645: 1431:, a district of Tallinn, named after Keres. 4929:"Max Euwe vs. Paul Keres, Amsterdam 1939/40" 4635: 4614: 4603: 4587: 4579: 4571: 1227:. He shared first place with World Champion 1208:won. Keres shared first with World Champion 1061:) vs. Keres, European Team Championship 1961 4447: 4092:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 215:was repeatedly invaded and occupied during 5209:International Judges of Chess Compositions 5020: 4491:, by Paul Keres, edited and translated by 4419:, by Paul Keres, edited and translated by 1754: 1263:1967, he shared 3rd–4th places on 5½/9 as 89: 4525:(in Russian). Олимпия Пресс. p. 464. 4112:Learn how and when to remove this message 1318:. He shared 1st–2nd at Tallinn 1971 with 296: 227:(1941–44) in international tournaments. 69:Learn how and when to remove this message 4840:Peak Average Ratings: 20 year peak range 4761: 4759: 4685:Men's Chess Olympiads :: Paul Keres 4373:, Oxford University Press 1992, page 198 4369:David Hooper, Ken Whyld, Kenneth Whyld, 2044:Keres vs. Edgar Walther, Tel Aviv 1964, 1844:Теория шахматных дебютов Открытые дебюты 1525: 1375: 1273: 1184:1960 with 12/15. He was the champion at 1049: 775: 772:World Championship Candidate (1948–1965) 749:, Lilienthal, and Flohr. He then won at 516: 260: 32:This article includes a list of general 5109:http://www.parnupostimees.ee/?id=368933 4858:, by Egon Varnusz, London, Cadogan 1987 1471:Statue in honour of Paul Keres in Narva 1418: 405:, he tied 1st–3rd places with Fine and 5176: 4586:Kingston published a further article, 4295:Estonian Sportspersonality of the Year 4268:Estonian Sportspersonality of the Year 1755:Keres, Paul; Kotov, Alexander (1964). 1510: 1373:, just a few months before his death. 701:at Stockholm in 1944 by 5–1 (+4−0=2). 668:European Individual Chess Championship 16:Estonian chess grandmaster (1916–1975) 5219:Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR 5143:All Paul Keres' victories to download 4756: 4699:. OlimpBase. Retrieved on 2009-11-06. 4687:. OlimpBase. Retrieved on 2009-11-06. 4520: 4444:, by Paul Keres, Arco 1972, pp 188–89 4054:Scores against other top grandmasters 1908: 1879: 1860: 1841: 1822: 1803: 1774: 1707:that runs 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.g3 c6. 1530:The Paul Keres Chess House in Tallinn 1423:A statue honouring him is located in 1310:. Also in 1970, Keres's 3:1 win over 714:Second Soviet occupation (after 1944) 194: 5007: 4350:Leonard Barden (29 September 2023), 4127: 4090:adding citations to reliable sources 4057: 2065:Keres' tournament and match record: 552:, in a match against World Champion 490:, Estonia board 1, 12½/19 (+11−5=3); 409:at 6/9 (+5−2=2). Keres dominated in 18: 5072: 4675:, Cadogan Chess, London 1987, p.xii 2025:, Moscow 1956 (Alekhine Memorial), 1983:vs. Keres, Amsterdam 1940 (match), 784:Although Keres participated in the 693:1944 (playing hors concours in the 374:1936, where he tied for first with 13: 4570:Kingston wrote a two-part series: 786:1948 World Championship tournament 378:at 6½/9 (+4−0=5). He struggled at 38:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 5290: 5114: 5058: 1487:banknote with a portrait of Keres 1010:, USSR board 1, 6½/12, team gold; 927:, Petrosian, Smyslov, Botvinnik, 612:First Soviet occupation (1940–41) 5199:20th-century non-fiction writers 4808:"Keres Memorial History Summary" 4495:, New York, ARCO Publishing 1972 4062: 1928: 1492: 1476: 1464: 1322:on 11½/15. He shared 2nd–3rd at 966:1950 with 14½/19 (+11−1=7), and 919:three times. In 1947, he won at 23: 5135:Paul Keres at www.chesslady.com 5030:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 5001: 4981: 4961: 4941: 4921: 4901: 4881: 4861: 4849: 4833: 4821: 4800: 4784: 4735: 4714: 4702: 4690: 4678: 4662: 4650: 4552: 4543: 4529: 4514: 4498: 4482: 1665:Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings 1402:Paul Keres Memorial Tournaments 1093: 849:1953, tied 2nd–4th, along with 732:1945 radio match against the US 567: 513:World Championship match denied 4435: 4426: 4410: 4385: 4376: 4363: 4343: 4320: 2068: 1505:issued in 1991 to honour Keres 1447:Paul Keres Memorial Tournament 1247:. In the USSR Championship at 1132:in a 1956 exhibition match at 1128:, with 13½/20. Keres defeated 660:Salzburg 1942 chess tournament 307:Internationaler Fernschachbund 269:Keres was born in the town of 246:" in history, and, along with 1: 5082:Cadogan Chess, London, 1994, 4797:, Cadogan Chess 1987, p. xiii 4479:, the Paul Keres results file 4371:The Oxford Companion to Chess 4336: 2811:World Championship Tournament 1649:Dreispringer bis Königsgambit 1353:won. His last Interzonal was 1338:1972 on 9½/15, as Petrosian, 1235:1964, with 12½/17. He won at 1223:1964, with 11½/15, tied with 885:World Chess Championship 1963 736:the 1946 Groningen tournament 433:won. Then he tied 2nd–4th in 256: 5259:Estonian non-fiction writers 5123:player profile and games at 4507:(1935, 1937, 1939 results); 4432:rogerpaige.me.uk/tables4.htm 1200:. In the USSR Championship, 1180:1959–60 with 7/9. He won at 1168:1959, at 10½/15, along with 986:International team successes 865:1959, 2nd, 1½ points behind 670:) in September 1942, and at 211:match on five occasions. As 7: 5011:. "Paul Keres, 1916–1975". 4830:Retrieved 20 February 2016. 4477:http://www.chessmetrics.com 2061:Tournament and match record 1216:in Los Angeles with 8½/14. 911:Three-time champion of USSR 753:1946 (hors concours in the 646:German occupation (1941–44) 366:1935, he placed 2nd behind 324:and V. Kappe. Keres became 10: 5295: 5274:Soviet non-fiction writers 5239:Chess Olympiad competitors 5214:University of Tartu alumni 5194:20th-century chess players 5052: 5017:. Vol. December 1975. 4810:. Keresmemorial.chessbc.ca 4523:Выдающиеся шахматисты мира 3899: 3408:1962 Candidates Tournament 2539:Absolute USSR Championship 1806:Keres' Best Games of Chess 1759:The Art of the Middle Game 1618:The Art of the Middle Game 1514: 1316:match vs Rest of the World 1306:1970 with 10/15, ahead of 1164:). He was tied 3rd–4th at 962:1947 with 9½/13 (+7−1=5), 707:Reichskommissariat Ostland 697:). Keres won a match with 232:AVRO 1938 chess tournament 4769:. Zone.ee. Archived from 4395:. Zone.ee. Archived from 4301: 4292: 4284: 4274: 4265: 4257: 4252: 1660:Vierspringer bis Spanisch 1556:one of only three players 1400:cemetery in Tallinn. The 1294:1969 with 10½/15, behind 1278:Keres in Amsterdam (1971) 875:1962, tied 2nd–3rd, with 656:Grossdeutscher Schachbund 564:of Capablanca and Flohr. 463:Keres tied for second at 421:with 11½/17 (+8−2=7), as 180: 170: 159: 139: 115: 100: 88: 83: 5279:Burials at Metsakalmistu 4313: 4253:Awards and achievements 1748: 1645:Spanisch bis Französisch 1521:to describe chess moves. 1364: 1212:at the very strong 1963 1160:1957–58 (7½/9, ahead of 1152:1957 with 6/7, ahead of 550:World Chess Championship 209:World Chess Championship 5204:Sportspeople from Narva 5014:Chess Life & Review 4646:(subscription required) 4625:(subscription required) 2002:, Amsterdam 1954 (ol), 1961:, AVRO Amsterdam 1938, 1944:Modern Steinitz Defence 1779:Practical Chess Endings 1634:Practical Chess Endings 917:USSR Chess Championship 843:, with 9½/18 (+3−2=13). 826:Candidates' Tournaments 586:invasion and occupation 351:for Estonia in the 6th 273:(now in Estonia), then 223:(1940–41, 1944–75) and 53:more precise citations. 5254:Estonian chess players 4423:, Arco, New York, 1977 1985:Queen's Indian Defence 1685:Scheveningen Variation 1531: 1381: 1279: 1144:1957 (15/17, ahead of 1062: 879:, half a point behind 781: 658:. Alekhine won at the 530: 521:Keres playing against 297:In independent Estonia 266: 196:[ˈpɑu̯lˈkeres] 5069:Arco, New York, 1977. 4745:. Thechesslibrary.com 4724:. Thechesslibrary.com 4636:Kingston, T. (2001). 4615:Kingston, T. (2002). 4604:Kingston, T. (2002). 4588:Kingston, T. (2001). 4580:Kingston, T. (1998). 4572:Kingston, T. (1998). 3297:Candidates Tournament 3105:Candidates Tournament 3000:Candidates Tournament 2860:Candidates Tournament 2755:Georgian Championship 2685:Estonian Championship 2606:European Championship 2567:Estonian Championship 2046:King's Indian Defence 1529: 1379: 1277: 1259:1966–67 with 7/9. At 1053: 779: 623:USSR Chess Federation 600:with 8½/11 (+7−1=3). 520: 275:Petrograd Governorate 264: 240:Candidates Tournament 5269:Soviet chess writers 5264:Soviet chess players 4773:on February 24, 2008 4509:Grandmaster of Chess 4442:Grandmaster of Chess 4399:on February 24, 2008 4152:José Raúl Capablanca 4086:improve this section 3650:Hoogovens tournament 3474:Hoogovens tournament 2719:Swedish Championship 2109: 2034: 2011: 1970: 1959:José Raúl Capablanca 1909:Keres, Paul (2012). 1880:Keres, Paul (1966). 1861:Keres, Paul (2012). 1842:Keres, Paul (1949). 1823:Keres, Paul (1960). 1804:Keres, Paul (1960). 1775:Keres, Paul (1973). 1710:Keres published 180 1607:Grandmaster of Chess 1483:The former Estonian 1419:Memory and memorials 991: 695:Swedish Championship 621:, among others. The 578:invaded and occupied 450:José Raúl Capablanca 437:with 4½/7 (+3−1=3). 344: 303:correspondence chess 5244:Chess theoreticians 5155:24. November 2015, 4874:, Arco Publishing, 2737:Baltic Championship 2050:Petrosian Variation 2031:Classical Variation 1888:. Arco Publishing. 1576:Savielly Tartakower 1564:Alexander Beliavsky 1511:Legacy and writings 1243:1965 on 11/15 with 1098:Beginning with the 728:Baltic Championship 654:, President of the 326:champion of Estonia 311:University of Tartu 5234:Chess Grandmasters 5166:2016-03-04 at the 5148:2012-01-31 at the 5130:Estonian banknotes 4868:Great Chess Upsets 4521:Хеуэр, В. (2004). 4134:Alexander Alekhine 3950:Paul Felix Schmidt 3476:, shared 1–2 with 1967:Tarrasch Variation 1936:Alexander Alekhine 1532: 1519:algebraic notation 1517:This section uses 1382: 1280: 1063: 835:1950, 4th, behind 782: 761:and a 16-year-old 590:reoccupied Estonia 554:Alexander Alekhine 531: 388:Paul Felix Schmidt 376:Alexander Alekhine 322:Paul Felix Schmidt 267: 244:Super grandmasters 236:Alexander Alekhine 184:No. 11 (July 1971) 5022:Pandolfini, Bruce 4643:. The Chess Cafe. 4622:. The Chess Cafe. 4611:. The Chess Cafe. 4595:. The Chess Cafe. 4584:. The Chess Cafe. 4576:. The Chess Cafe. 4327:Super grandmaster 4311: 4310: 4302:Succeeded by 4275:Succeeded by 4247: 4246: 4140:Mikhail Botvinnik 4122: 4121: 4114: 4049: 4048: 4002:Wolfgang Unzicker 3937:Feliks Kibbermann 3924:Gunnar Friedemann 3895: 3894: 3850:USSR Championship 3564:USSR Championship 3384:USSR Championship 3242:USSR Championship 3154:USSR Championship 3057:USSR Championship 2936:USSR Championship 2918:USSR Championship 2900:USSR Championship 2836:USSR Championship 2782:USSR Championship 2514:USSR Championship 2023:Mikhail Botvinnik 2008:Najdorf Variation 1592:Isaac Boleslavsky 1588:Svetozar Gligorić 1162:Svetozar Gligorić 1130:Wolfgang Unzicker 841:Isaac Boleslavsky 794:Mikhail Botvinnik 721:Vladimirs Petrovs 632:Isaac Boleslavsky 619:Mikhail Botvinnik 539:Mikhail Botvinnik 506:Buenos Aires 1939 479:on 4–4 (+2−2=4). 452:, Reshevsky, and 427:Vladimirs Petrovs 334:Feliks Kibbermann 330:Gunnar Friedemann 201:chess grandmaster 188: 187: 181:Peak ranking 79: 78: 71: 5286: 5139: 5081: 5068: 5046: 5045: 5018: 5009:Bisguier, Arthur 5005: 4999: 4998: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4885: 4879: 4872:Samuel Reshevsky 4865: 4859: 4853: 4847: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4815: 4804: 4798: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4763: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4739: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4694: 4688: 4682: 4676: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4612: 4610: 4596: 4594: 4585: 4577: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4518: 4512: 4502: 4496: 4486: 4480: 4474: 4445: 4439: 4433: 4430: 4424: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4404: 4389: 4383: 4380: 4374: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4347: 4330: 4324: 4285:Preceded by 4258:Preceded by 4250: 4249: 4208:Tigran Petrosian 4128: 4117: 4110: 4106: 4103: 4097: 4066: 4058: 3963:Gideon Ståhlberg 3906: 3905: 3852: 3566: 3550:shared 1–2 with 3513: 3495:shared 1–2 with 3429: 3386: 3333: 3244: 3225: 3156: 3124: 3059: 3043:shared 1–2 with 3021: 2977: 2938: 2920: 2902: 2838: 2784: 2665:shared 1–2 with 2541: 2516: 2500:shared 1–2 with 2478: 2413:shared 1–2 with 2330: 2227:shared 1–3 with 2208:shared 1–2 with 2151:shared 1–2 with 2113: 2102: 2075: 2074: 2038: 2027:Sicilian Defence 2015: 2004:Sicilian Defence 1974: 1938:, Margate 1937, 1924: 1905: 1903: 1902: 1887: 1876: 1857: 1838: 1819: 1800: 1798: 1797: 1783:. R.H.M. Press. 1782: 1771: 1769: 1768: 1762: 1730:Samuel Reshevsky 1689:Sicilian Defence 1496: 1480: 1468: 1384:Keres died of a 1371:Friðrik Ólafsson 1359:Henrique Mecking 1290:. He was 2nd at 1288:Tigran Petrosian 1229:Tigran Petrosian 1210:Tigran Petrosian 995: 972:Gideon Ståhlberg 949:Igor Bondarevsky 881:Tigran Petrosian 802:Samuel Reshevsky 763:Tigran Petrosian 747:Alexander Tolush 640:Igor Bondarevsky 636:Andor Lilienthal 477:Gideon Ståhlberg 431:Samuel Reshevsky 348: 343:Keres played on 198: 176:2615 (July 1971) 172:Peak rating 146: 125: 123: 93: 81: 80: 74: 67: 63: 60: 54: 49:this article by 40:inline citations 27: 26: 19: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5283: 5229:Chess composers 5174: 5173: 5168:Wayback Machine 5150:Wayback Machine 5137: 5117: 5055: 5050: 5049: 5042: 5019:. 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Penguin Books 1751: 1745:, and bridge." 1705:English Opening 1693:Efim Bogolyubov 1622:Alexander Kotov 1596:Efim Bogoljubov 1568:Viktor Korchnoi 1560:Victor Korchnoi 1541:Victor Korchnoi 1534:The unofficial 1524: 1523: 1522: 1513: 1506: 1497: 1488: 1481: 1472: 1469: 1421: 1367: 1296:Viktor Korchnoi 1255:won. He won at 1241:Mariánské Lázně 1214:Piatigorsky Cup 1154:Alexander Kotov 1126:David Bronstein 1096: 997: 988: 953:Alexander Kotov 933:David Bronstein 913: 851:David Bronstein 837:David Bronstein 774: 743:Alexander Kotov 716: 648: 614: 570: 535:AVRO tournament 527:AVRO tournament 515: 454:Erich Eliskases 390:with (+3−3=1). 350: 299: 259: 248:Viktor Korchnoi 148: 144: 127: 121: 119: 107: 96: 75: 64: 58: 55: 45:Please help to 44: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5292: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5172: 5171: 5153: 5140: 5132: 5127: 5125:Chessgames.com 5116: 5115:External links 5113: 5112: 5111: 5105: 5102: 5091: 5070: 5061:Harry Golombek 5054: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5040: 5024:, ed. (1988). 5000: 4994:Chessgames.com 4980: 4974:Chessgames.com 4960: 4954:Chessgames.com 4940: 4934:Chessgames.com 4920: 4914:Chessgames.com 4900: 4894:Chessgames.com 4880: 4860: 4848: 4832: 4820: 4799: 4783: 4755: 4734: 4713: 4701: 4689: 4677: 4661: 4649: 4628: 4563: 4551: 4542: 4528: 4513: 4497: 4493:Harry Golombek 4481: 4446: 4434: 4425: 4421:Harry Golombek 4409: 4384: 4375: 4362: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4300: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4273: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4224:Vasily Smyslov 4221: 4218:Lajos Portisch 4213: 4212: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4190:Anatoly Karpov 4185: 4184: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4157: 4156: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4102:September 2008 4070: 4068: 4061: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4043: 4041:Borislav Ivkov 4038: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4017: 4012: 4008: 4007: 4004: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3991: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3965: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3942: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3929: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3896: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3867: 3863: 3862: 3856: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3821: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3764: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3665: 3661: 3660: 3647: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3581: 3577: 3576: 3570: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3554: 3548: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3504: 3500: 3499: 3493: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3471: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3458: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3437: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3420: 3416: 3415: 3405: 3402: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3379: 3375: 3374: 3368: 3365: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3309: 3305: 3304: 3294: 3291: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3267: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3254: 3248: 3245: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3216: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3201: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3171: 3167: 3166: 3160: 3157: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3102: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3082: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3041: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3012: 3008: 3007: 2997: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2953: 2949: 2948: 2942: 2939: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883:Szczawno-Zdrój 2880: 2876: 2875: 2857: 2854: 2849: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2816: 2813: 2808: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2739: 2734: 2731: 2726: 2722: 2721: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2663: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2602: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2564: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2535: 2531: 2530: 2520: 2517: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2469: 2465: 2464: 2454: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2411: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2392: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2379: 2373: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2354: 2351: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2310: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2297: 2283: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2248: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2225: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2212: 2206: 2203: 2198: 2194: 2193: 2187: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2149: 2146: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2130: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2106: 2103: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2070: 2067: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2042: 2019: 1996: 1978: 1963:French Defence 1955: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1920:978-4871875424 1919: 1913:. Ishi Press. 1906: 1895:978-4871875417 1894: 1877: 1872:978-4871875400 1871: 1865:. Ishi Press. 1858: 1852: 1846:. Ishi Press. 1839: 1833: 1827:. Ishi Press. 1820: 1814: 1808:. Ishi Press. 1801: 1789: 1772: 1750: 1747: 1723:eastern Europe 1719:western Europe 1548:Anatoly Karpov 1516: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1498: 1491: 1489: 1482: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1463: 1420: 1417: 1366: 1363: 1344:Anatoly Karpov 1340:Lajos Portisch 1245:Vlastimil Hort 1146:Miguel Najdorf 1095: 1092: 1087: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1048: 1047: 1041: 1035: 1029: 1023: 1017: 1014:Amsterdam 1954 1011: 987: 984: 964:Szczawno-Zdrój 912: 909: 899: 898: 888: 870: 860: 854: 844: 800:, Paul Keres, 798:Vasily Smyslov 773: 770: 759:Vladas Mikėnas 715: 712: 647: 644: 628:Vasily Smyslov 613: 610: 598:Miguel Najdorf 569: 566: 514: 511: 510: 509: 503: 500:Stockholm 1937 497: 491: 368:Paulin Frydman 353:Chess Olympiad 298: 295: 287:chess notation 279:Russian Empire 265:Keres, c. 1938 258: 255: 230:Keres won the 186: 185: 182: 178: 177: 174: 168: 167: 161: 157: 156: 147:(aged 59) 141: 137: 136: 133:Russian Empire 126:7 January 1916 117: 113: 112: 102: 98: 97: 94: 86: 85: 77: 76: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5291: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5249:Chess writers 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5169: 5165: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5099:0-08-037139-6 5096: 5092: 5089: 5088:1-85744-064-1 5085: 5079: 5075: 5074:Varnusz, Egon 5071: 5066: 5062: 5059:Keres, Paul. 5057: 5056: 5043: 5041:0-671-66175-2 5037: 5033: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5004: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4984: 4976: 4975: 4970: 4964: 4956: 4955: 4950: 4944: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4924: 4916: 4915: 4910: 4904: 4896: 4895: 4890: 4884: 4878:1976, p. 185. 4877: 4873: 4869: 4864: 4857: 4852: 4845: 4841: 4836: 4829: 4824: 4809: 4803: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4760: 4744: 4738: 4723: 4717: 4710: 4705: 4698: 4693: 4686: 4681: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4658: 4653: 4639: 4632: 4618: 4607: 4600: 4599:Yuri Averbakh 4591: 4583: 4575: 4567: 4560: 4555: 4546: 4538: 4532: 4524: 4517: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4478: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4443: 4438: 4429: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4398: 4394: 4388: 4379: 4372: 4366: 4359: 4358: 4353: 4346: 4342: 4328: 4323: 4319: 4306: 4297: 4296: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4270: 4269: 4262: 4256: 4251: 4243: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4230:Boris Spassky 4228: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4174:Bobby Fischer 4172: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4129: 4125: 4116: 4113: 4105: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4071:This section 4069: 4065: 4060: 4059: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4029: 4028:Boris Spassky 4026: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3990: 3989:Folke Ekström 3987: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3846: 3843: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3560: 3557: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3511:16th Olympiad 3508: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3427:15th Olympiad 3424: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3380: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3331:14th Olympiad 3328: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3223:13th Olympiad 3220: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3174:Mar del Plata 3172: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3150: 3147: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3122:12th Olympiad 3118: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3046: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3019:11th Olympiad 3016: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2975:10th Olympiad 2972: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2932: 2929: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2510: 2507: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2269:Quadrangular 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2114: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2066: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1989:Old main line 1986: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1932: 1929:Notable games 1922: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1897: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1878: 1874: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1830: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1792: 1790:0-89058-028-6 1786: 1781: 1780: 1773: 1761: 1760: 1753: 1752: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1701:Keres Defence 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1641:0-7134-4210-7 1638: 1635: 1631: 1630:0-486-26154-9 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1614:0-668-02645-6 1611: 1608: 1603: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1580:Mark Taimanov 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1552:Bobby Fischer 1549: 1544: 1542: 1537: 1528: 1520: 1504: 1503:postage stamp 1501: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1479: 1474: 1467: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1398:Metsakalmistu 1395: 1391: 1387: 1378: 1374: 1372: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1276: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1206:Boris Spassky 1203: 1199: 1198:Bobby Fischer 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1170:Bobby Fischer 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1142:Mar del Plata 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1091: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1060: 1056: 1055:Gedeon Barcza 1052: 1045: 1044:Tel Aviv 1964 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1008:Helsinki 1952 1006: 1005: 1004: 1002: 996: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 956: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 937:Mark Taimanov 934: 930: 929:Yuri Averbakh 926: 922: 918: 908: 905: 896: 895:Boris Spassky 892: 889: 886: 882: 878: 874: 871: 868: 864: 861: 858: 855: 852: 848: 845: 842: 838: 834: 831: 830: 829: 827: 821: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 780:Keres in 1954 778: 769: 766: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 739: 737: 733: 729: 724: 722: 711: 709: 708: 702: 700: 699:Folke Ekström 696: 692: 688: 687:Stig Lundholm 684: 679: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 652:Ehrhardt Post 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 624: 620: 609: 606: 601: 599: 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 565: 561: 559: 555: 551: 546: 544: 540: 536: 528: 524: 519: 507: 504: 501: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 485: 484: 480: 478: 474: 470: 466: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 438: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 391: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 360: 358: 354: 349: 341: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 314: 312: 308: 304: 294: 292: 291:chess puzzles 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 263: 254: 251: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 228: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 192: 183: 179: 175: 173: 169: 165: 162: 158: 155: 151: 142: 138: 135:(now Estonia) 134: 130: 118: 114: 110: 106: 103: 99: 95:Keres in 1969 92: 87: 82: 73: 70: 62: 52: 48: 42: 41: 35: 30: 21: 20: 5152:(Pgn format) 5077: 5064: 5026: 5012: 5003: 4992: 4983: 4972: 4963: 4952: 4943: 4932: 4923: 4912: 4903: 4892: 4883: 4867: 4863: 4855: 4851: 4844:Chessmetrics 4835: 4823: 4812:. Retrieved 4802: 4795:Egon Varnusz 4790: 4786: 4775:. Retrieved 4771:the original 4767:"Paul Keres" 4747:. Retrieved 4737: 4726:. Retrieved 4716: 4708: 4704: 4692: 4680: 4673:Egon Varnusz 4668: 4664: 4657:Secret Notes 4656: 4652: 4631: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4545: 4531: 4522: 4516: 4508: 4500: 4488: 4484: 4441: 4437: 4428: 4416: 4412: 4401:. Retrieved 4397:the original 4393:"Paul Keres" 4387: 4378: 4370: 4365: 4357:The Guardian 4355: 4345: 4322: 4305:Toomas Leius 4293: 4288:Toomas Leius 4266: 4241: 4123: 4108: 4099: 4084:Please help 4072: 3823:Interzonal, 3488:Buenos Aires 3453:, tied with 3084:Interzonal, 2493:Buenos Aires 2476:8th Olympiad 2472:Buenos Aires 2328:7th Olympiad 2116:for Estonia 2100:6th Olympiad 2064: 1952:combinations 1910: 1899:. Retrieved 1883: 1862: 1843: 1824: 1805: 1794:. Retrieved 1778: 1765:. Retrieved 1758: 1727: 1716: 1709: 1682: 1677: 1669: 1663: 1659: 1648: 1644: 1633: 1617: 1606: 1604: 1584:Milan Vidmar 1545: 1536:Chessmetrics 1533: 1458: 1455: 1444: 1439: 1433: 1422: 1406: 1386:heart attack 1383: 1368: 1348: 1308:Laszlo Szabo 1300:Wijk aan Zee 1281: 1253:Leonid Stein 1233:Buenos Aires 1218: 1140:. Keres won 1108: 1097: 1094:Later career 1088: 1064: 1058: 1032:Leipzig 1960 989: 980:Egon Varnusz 976:László Szabo 957: 914: 903: 900: 822: 818: 783: 767: 740: 725: 717: 705: 703: 680: 655: 649: 615: 602: 594: 574:World War II 571: 568:World War II 562: 558:Soviet Union 547: 532: 481: 462: 439: 392: 361: 342: 315: 300: 268: 252: 229: 225:Nazi Germany 221:Soviet Union 217:World War II 190: 189: 145:(1975-06-05) 109:Soviet Union 65: 59:January 2022 56: 37: 5189:1975 deaths 5184:1916 births 4722:"BLED 1961" 4236:Mikhail Tal 4226:: +8−10=21 4202:Bent Larsen 4180:Efim Geller 4168:Reuben Fine 4015:Efim Geller 3833:Polugaevsky 3759:San Antonio 3443:Los Angeles 2868:Boleslavsky 2527:Bondarevsky 2417:, ahead of 2112:first board 2108:+11−5=3 on 2069:Tournaments 2014:resignation 1600:Bent Larsen 1572:Efim Geller 1351:Mikhail Tal 1336:San Antonio 1320:Mikhail Tal 1269:Klaus Darga 1265:Bent Larsen 1194:Mikhail Tal 1138:Mikhail Tal 1026:Munich 1958 1020:Moscow 1956 1001:Munich 1936 925:Efim Geller 877:Efim Geller 867:Mikhail Tal 814:round-robin 810:Reuben Fine 523:Reuben Fine 494:Munich 1936 488:Warsaw 1935 399:Reuben Fine 372:Bad Nauheim 164:Grandmaster 143:5 June 1975 51:introducing 5178:Categories 5170:, fide.com 5138:(in Czech) 5121:Paul Keres 4814:2008-10-26 4777:2008-10-26 4749:2008-10-26 4743:"BAIRES64" 4728:2008-10-26 4403:2008-10-26 4337:References 4278:Hanno Selg 3816:Petropolis 3457:for first 2608:", behind 2523:Lilienthal 2458:Capablanca 2081:Tournament 2037:positional 2021:Keres vs. 1998:Keres vs. 1957:Keres vs. 1934:Keres vs. 1901:2024-04-25 1853:4871875474 1834:4871875431 1815:4871875482 1796:2024-04-25 1767:2024-04-25 1728:His rival 1656:4871875431 1411:President 1355:Petropolis 1292:Luhacovice 1122:Interzonal 1119:Gothenburg 1083:Kapfenberg 1077:Oberhausen 1038:Varna 1962 958:Keres won 945:Salo Flohr 941:Lev Aronin 904:unofficial 863:Yugoslavia 475:1938 with 423:Salo Flohr 407:Henry Grob 257:Early life 191:Paul Keres 122:1916-01-07 84:Paul Keres 34:references 4238:: +8−4=20 4232:: +3−5=29 4210:: +3−3=27 4198:: +4−1=12 4182:: +8−7=21 4164:: +11−7=9 4148:: +4−6=18 4073:does not 3885:Vancouver 3771:Petrosian 3735:with Tal 3698:Amsterdam 3654:Botvinnik 3652:, behind 3642:Beverwijk 3584:Stockholm 3497:Petrosian 3466:Beverwijk 3455:Petrosian 3412:Petrosian 3312:Stockholm 3251:Petrosian 3097:Amsterdam 3086:Bronstein 3015:Amsterdam 2945:Botvinnik 2870:1st–2nd, 2864:Bronstein 2819:Botvinnik 2711:Lidköping 2646:ahead of 2549:Botvinnik 2456:ahead of 2429:Leningrad 2419:Botvinnik 2395:Eliskases 2387:Noordwijk 2376:Reshevsky 2356:ahead of 2345:Semmering 2324:Stockholm 2286:Reshevsky 2250:ahead of 2182:Zandvoort 2054:sacrifice 1940:Ruy Lopez 1739:ping-pong 1697:Ruy Lopez 1678:Shakhmaty 1676:magazine 1451:Vancouver 1434:The five 1425:Tõnismägi 1394:Vancouver 1328:Amsterdam 1257:Stockholm 1221:Beverwijk 1178:Stockholm 1156:. He won 1124:, behind 994:board one 921:Leningrad 857:Amsterdam 790:The Hague 691:Lidköping 582:Stalinist 473:Stockholm 469:Noordwijk 442:Semmering 384:Zandvoort 347:top board 336:, one of 289:from the 111:(1944–75) 5164:Archived 5146:Archived 4876:New York 4261:Uno Palu 4220:: +1−4=3 4204:: +2−0=4 4192:: +0−0=2 4176:: +3−4=3 4170:: +3−1=8 4162:Max Euwe 4154:: +1−0=5 4142:: +3−8=9 4136:: +1−5=8 3976:Max Euwe 3912:Opponent 3839:2nd–4th 3837:Portisch 3801:Dortmund 3775:Portisch 3744:Sarajevo 3683:Budapest 3612:Winnipeg 3528:Hastings 3507:Tel Aviv 3285:Belgrade 3204:Hastings 3189:Santiago 3077:Göteborg 3036:Hastings 2971:Helsinki 2956:Budapest 2852:Budapest 2667:Alekhine 2658:Salzburg 2648:Grünfeld 2629:Alekhine 2610:Alekhine 2587:Alekhine 2578:Salzburg 2569:+15−0=0 2368:Hastings 2171:Alekhine 2153:Alekhine 2125:Helsinki 1981:Max Euwe 1973:tactical 1743:swimming 1712:problems 1485:5 krooni 1413:Max Euwe 1390:Helsinki 1332:Sarajevo 1304:Budapest 1261:Winnipeg 1237:Hastings 1225:Iivo Nei 1158:Hastings 1150:Santiago 1111:Hastings 968:Budapest 833:Budapest 806:Max Euwe 755:Georgian 676:Salzburg 605:Max Euwe 543:Max Euwe 465:Hastings 364:Helsinki 150:Helsinki 5063:(ed.). 5053:Sources 4094:removed 4079:sources 4045:+2−0=2 4032:+2−4=4 4019:+2−1=5 4006:+4−0=4 3993:+4−0=2 3980:+6−5=3 3972:1939/40 3967:+2−2=4 3954:+3−3=1 3941:+3−1=0 3928:+2−1=0 3915:Result 3900:Matches 3870:Tallinn 3859:Spassky 3825:Mecking 3786:Tallinn 3728:Tallinn 3668:Tallinn 3627:Bamberg 3580:1966/67 3524:1964/65 3400:Curaçao 3327:Leipzig 3308:1959/60 3200:1957/58 3119:Moscow 3109:Smyslov 3045:Smyslov 3032:1954/55 3004:Smyslov 2872:Smyslov 2823:Smyslov 2747:Tbilisi 2725:1944/45 2687:+6−1=4 2677:Tallinn 2627:behind 2585:behind 2559:Tallinn 2547:behind 2502:Najdorf 2449:Margate 2431:–Moscow 2364:1937/38 2313:Schmidt 2294:Petrovs 2201:Margate 2163:Dresden 2144:Nauheim 2133:Frydman 1991:(E19), 1946:(C71), 1687:of the 1284:Bamberg 1249:Tallinn 1174:Tbilisi 1148:), and 1134:Hamburg 1104:Estonia 873:Curaçao 751:Tbilisi 580:by the 572:During 529:in 1938 395:Margate 380:Dresden 318:Tallinn 277:of the 213:Estonia 154:Finland 105:Estonia 101:Country 47:improve 5097: 5086: 5038: 5032:352–53 4846:, 2005 4242: 3835:, and 3829:Geller 3773:, and 3767:Karpov 3658:Geller 3598:Moscow 3348:Zürich 3289:Zagreb 3262:Zürich 3219:Munich 3138:Moscow 3066:Geller 2992:Zürich 2797:Moscow 2696:Madrid 2639:Poznań 2620:Prague 2597:Munich 2292:, and 2278:Kemeri 2262:Vienna 2252:Zinner 2243:Prague 2220:Ostend 2096:Warsaw 2087:Notes 2056:on g4. 2041:style. 1917: 1892: 1869: 1850: 1831: 1812: 1787: 1735:tennis 1658:, and 1654: 1639: 1632:, and 1628: 1620:(with 1612: 1440:krooni 1436:kroons 1342:, and 1186:Zürich 1166:Zürich 1071:Vienna 951:, and 847:Zürich 804:, and 672:Prague 664:Munich 638:, and 419:Kemeri 415:Vienna 411:Prague 403:Ostend 357:Warsaw 283:Harald 166:(1950) 36:, but 4870:, by 4793:, by 4671:, by 4641:(PDF) 4620:(PDF) 4609:(PDF) 4593:(PDF) 4314:Notes 4299:1962 4272:1959 3848:41st 3827:1st; 3820:12–13 3713:Pärnu 3573:Stein 3562:33rd 3423:Varna 3382:29th 3240:26th 3152:24th 3055:22nd 2941:10–11 2934:20th 2916:19th 2898:18th 2834:17th 2821:1st, 2780:15th 2765:Pärnu 2512:12th 2462:Flohr 2438:Flohr 2434:12–13 2349:Baden 2305:Pärnu 2290:Flohr 2084:Place 1977:game. 1749:Books 1429:Nõmme 1365:Death 1346:won. 1324:Pärnu 1312:Ivkov 1271:won. 1182:Pärnu 1115:Pärnu 1100:Pärnu 960:Pärnu 689:, at 683:Posen 446:Baden 435:Pärnu 397:with 338:Tartu 271:Narva 205:chess 160:Title 129:Narva 5157:FIDE 5095:ISBN 5084:ISBN 5036:ISBN 4613:and 4578:and 4077:any 4075:cite 4037:1970 4024:1965 4011:1962 3998:1956 3985:1944 3959:1938 3946:1936 3933:1935 3920:1935 3909:Year 3881:1975 3866:1975 3861:won 3855:9–12 3844:1973 3812:1973 3797:1973 3782:1973 3755:1972 3740:1972 3724:1971 3709:1971 3694:1971 3679:1970 3664:1969 3656:and 3638:1969 3623:1968 3608:1967 3601:9–12 3595:1967 3575:won 3558:1965 3552:Hort 3539:1965 3503:1964 3484:1964 3462:1964 3449:1st 3440:1963 3419:1962 3414:won 3396:1962 3389:8–11 3378:1961 3373:won 3363:Bled 3359:1961 3344:1961 3323:1960 3303:won 3281:Bled 3277:1959 3272:won 3258:1959 3253:won 3236:1959 3215:1958 3185:1957 3170:1957 3165:won 3148:1957 3135:1956 3116:1956 3111:won 3093:1956 3088:won 3073:1955 3068:won 3051:1955 3011:1954 3006:1st 2988:1953 2967:1952 2952:1952 2947:won 2930:1952 2912:1951 2894:1950 2879:1950 2874:3rd 2866:and 2848:1950 2830:1949 2825:2nd 2807:1948 2794:1947 2776:1947 2761:1947 2743:1946 2729:Riga 2707:1944 2692:1943 2673:1943 2654:1943 2635:1943 2616:1943 2593:1942 2574:1942 2555:1942 2534:1941 2529:won 2525:and 2508:1940 2489:1939 2468:1939 2460:and 2445:1939 2440:won 2425:1939 2415:Fine 2406:AVRO 2402:1938 2397:won 2383:1938 2378:won 2358:Fine 2341:1937 2320:1937 2315:won 2301:1937 2274:1937 2258:1937 2239:1937 2233:Fine 2231:and 2229:Grob 2216:1937 2210:Fine 2197:1937 2192:won 2190:Fine 2178:1936 2173:won 2159:1936 2140:1936 2135:won 2121:1935 2092:1935 2078:Year 1915:ISBN 1890:ISBN 1867:ISBN 1848:ISBN 1829:ISBN 1810:ISBN 1785:ISBN 1674:Riga 1652:ISBN 1637:ISBN 1626:ISBN 1610:ISBN 1598:and 1562:and 1500:USSR 1409:FIDE 1267:and 1202:Baku 1196:and 1190:Bled 1059:left 891:Riga 839:and 458:FIDE 429:and 203:and 140:Died 116:Born 4088:by 3805:6–7 3790:3–6 3748:3–5 3732:1-2 3717:2–3 3702:2–4 3672:2–3 3646:3–4 3616:3–4 3547:1–2 3492:1–2 3478:Nei 3470:1–2 3446:1–2 3404:2–3 3371:Tal 3367:3–5 3301:Tal 3270:Tal 3266:3–4 3247:7–8 3163:Tal 3159:2–3 3141:7–8 3062:7–8 3040:1–2 2996:2–4 2815:3–4 2800:6–7 2662:1–2 2497:1–2 2410:1–2 2372:2–3 2309:2–4 2282:4–5 2224:1–3 2205:1–2 2186:3–4 2167:8–9 2148:1–2 1993:0–1 1948:1–0 1670:ECO 1438:(5 1388:in 1282:At 1231:at 808:. 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